Garmin 0061100 Airborne Communications Transceiver operated under User Manual 430MANF

Garmin International Inc Airborne Communications Transceiver operated under 430MANF

Users Manual

GNS 430 Pilots Guide and ReferenceGARMIN Corporation1200 E. 151st StreetOLATHE, KS 66062Dwg. Number 190-00140-00 REV. FARCHIVE FILE: 190-00140-00_0FFILE TYPE: QuarkXPress for WindowsCONFIDENTIALThis document and the specificationscontained herein are the property ofGARMIN Corporation and may not bereproduced or used in whole or in partas the basis for manufacturing or saleof products without written permissionof GARMIN Corporation.APPROVALS    DATEDRAWN K. Otterman 12/1/98CHKD. J W D 12/1/98PROJ. MGR. T L J 12/1/98RELEASED       M L R 12/8/98REV DATE DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE ECO#A 12/1/98 INITIAL RELEASE N/AB 4/30/99 Update to conform to recent software changes 10944C 6/24/99 Reference Update for ECO #11294 11294D 7/28/99 Update for software 2.10 11507E 4/14/00 Update for software 2.15 13131F 7/24/00Update pwr on, wind vctr, crossfill, DME, fuel plan 13800
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INTRODUCTIONForewordiGARMIN International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062  USATel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282GARMIN (Europe) LTD, Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire S051 9AQ, UKTel: 44/1794.519944 Fax: 44/1794.519222GARMIN (Asia) Corp., No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road., Shijr, Taipei County, TaiwanTel: 886/2.2642.9199 Fax: 886/2.2642-9099Website Address: www.garmin.com© 1998- 2000 GARMIN Corporation. All rights reserved. Except as expressly pro-vided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, dis-seminated, downloaded or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose withoutthe express prior written consent of GARMIN Corporation. GARMIN Corporationhereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revi-sion to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to beviewed and to print one copy of this manual or of any revision hereto, provided thatsuch electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision must contain the com-plete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized com-mercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content ofthis material without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changesor improvements.July  2000 190-00140-00 Rev. FVisit the GARMIN website for the latestupdates and supplemental information con-cerning the operation of this and otherGARMIN products.GARMIN, GNS 430, Spell’N’Find, AutoLocateand PhaseTrac12 are trademarks of GARMINand may only be used with permission.NavData® is a registered trademark ofJeppesen, Inc.This manual incorporates changes included inMain System Software version 2.17.  Itincludes information contained in theAddendum to Pilot's Guide P/N 190-00140-11Rev A, covering crossfill and fuel managementoperation for software 2.11 and above.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page i
CAUTIONThe Global Positioning System is operated by the United States government, whichis solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changeswhich could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although theGARMIN GNS 430 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAIDcan be misused or misinterpreted and therefore become unsafe.Use the GNS 430 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and the FlightManual Supplement, and thoroughly practice basic operation prior to actual use. Whenin actual use, carefully compare indications from the GNS 430 to all available navigationsources, including the information from other NAVAIDS, visual sightings, charts, etc.For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.The altitude calculated by the GNS 430 is geometric height above mean sea leveland could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft.GPS accuracy may be degraded by the U.S. Department of Defense-imposed SelectiveAvailability (SA) program. With “SA” on, GPS altitude may be in error by several hun-dred feet. Never use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.GPS receivers operate by receiving and decoding very low power radio signalsbroadcast by satellites. It is possible that in some situations other radio equipment orelectronic equipment used in close proximity to a GPS receiver may create electromag-netic interference (EMI) which may affect the ability of the GPS receiver to receive anddecode the satellite signals. In such event, the interference may be reduced or eliminat-ed by switching off the source of interference or relocating equipment.The Jeppesen database incorporated in the GNS 430 must be updated regularly inorder to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days. Adatabase information packet is included in your GNS 430 package.Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk.iiNOTE:  This device complies with Part 15 of theFCC limits for Class B digital devices. This equip-ment generates, uses, and can radiate radio fre-quency energy and, if not installed and used inaccordance with the instructions, may cause harm-ful interference to radio communications.Furthermore, there is no guarantee that interfer-ence will not occur in a particular installation.If this equipment does cause harmful interfer-ence, the user is encouraged to try to correct theinterference by relocating the equipment or connect-ing the equipment to a different circuit than theaffected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer orother qualified avionics technician for additional helpif these remedies do not correct the problem.Operation of this device is subject to the follow-ing conditions: (1) This device may not cause harm-ful interference, and (2) this device must acceptany interference received, including interferencethat may cause undesired operation.The GARMIN GNS 430 does not contain anyuser-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be madeby an authorized GARMIN service center.Unauthorized repairs or modifications could voidyour warranty and authority to operate this deviceunder Part 15 regulations.INTRODUCTIONCautions430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page ii
INTRODUCTIONAccessories andPacking ListAccessories & Packing ListCongratulations on choosing the finest, most advanced panel mount IFR navigation/communication system available. The GNS 430 represents GARMIN’scommitment to provide accurate, easy-to-use avionics for all of your flying needs. Before installing and getting started with your new system, please check to seethat your package includes the following items. If any parts are missing or dam-aged, please see your GARMIN dealer immediately.Standard Package:•  GNS 430 Unit & NavData® Card•  Installation Rack & Connectors•  Pilot’s Guide & Quick Reference Guide•  Database Subscription Packet•  Warranty Registration CardYour GARMIN dealer will perform the installation and configuration of yournew GNS 430. After installation, the NavData® card will already be installed intothe correct slot on the front of the unit (see Appendix A). The GNS 430 will besecured in the installation rack with the proper wiring connections performed.Have your dealer answer any questions you may have about the installation—suchas location of antennas or any connections to other equipment in the panel.iiiTo obtain accessories for your GNS 430,please contact your GARMIN dealer.The GNS 430 display lens is coated witha special anti-reflective coating which isvery sensitive to skin oils, waxes andabrasive cleaners.  It is very important toclean the lens using an eyeglass lenscleaner which is specified as safe for anti-reflective coatings (one suitable product isWal-Mart®Lens Cleaner) and a clean,lint-free cloth.Help us better support you by completingour online registration today!Registration ensures you will be notifiedof product updates, new products andprovides lost or stolen unit tracking. Havethe serial number of your GNS 430 handyand connect to our website(www.garmin.com). Look for the ProductRegistration link on the home page.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page iii
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5INTRODUCTIONWarrantyGARMIN is fully committed to your satisfac-tion as a customer. If you have any questionsregarding the GNS 430, please contact ourcustomer service department at:GARMIN International, Inc.1200 East 151st StreetOlathe, KS  66062-3426(913) 397-8200FAX (913) 397-8282To obtain warranty service, call the GARMINCustomer Service department for a returnedmerchandise tracking number. The unit shouldbe securely packaged with the tracking num-ber clearly marked on the outside of the pack-age, and sent freight prepaid and insured to aGARMIN warranty service station. A copy ofthe original sales receipt is required as proofof purchase for warranty repairs. GARMINretains the exclusive right to repair or replacethe unit or software or offer a full refund ofthe purchase price at its sole discretion. SUCHREMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE ANDEXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACHOF WARRANTY.GARMIN Corporation warrants this product to be free from defects in materialsand workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. GARMIN will, at its soleoption, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs orreplacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor. The cus-tomer is, however, responsible for any transportation costs. This warranty does notcover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or unauthorized alteration or repairs. THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE, AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER WARRANTY OFMERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATU-TORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGALRIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL,SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHERRESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. SOME STATES DO NOTALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.iv430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page iv
INTRODUCTIONTable of ContentsPART ONE: INTRODUCTIONForeword  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iCautions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiAccessories/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiWarranty  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ivTable of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v-viTakeoff Tour  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-20PART TWO: REFERENCESection 1: Communicating with the GNS 430 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21COM and VLOC frequenciesActive and standby frequencies Section 2: NAV Page Group (GPS navigation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Using page groups and selecting the desired pageUsing the default NAV and map pagesSection 3: Direct-to Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Using the DkeySection 4: Flight Plans (Fkey and FPL page group) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Creating and using flight plansRetrieving and editing stored flight plansSection 5: Approaches, Departures and Arrivals (Pkey)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Selecting and flying non-precision/precision approachesSelecting and using departures (SIDs) and arrivals (STARs) vCONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUALA circled number (e.g.,””) will appear nextto many of the illustrations shown along theside of a page. This number refers back to a specific step on the same page (or in rareinstances, to a step on the following page).When more than one option is possible withina procedure, the procedures are describedusing an “a”/”b” convention with the samenumbering (e.g., “3a” and “3b” for two step#3options). This same convention is used whenmultiple procedures are listed on the samepage and illustrations are provided for thesteps described in one or both procedures(e.g.,”a” and ”b”).A highlighted “NOTE” area appears on manypages to point out additional information oritems of particular importance related to agiven subject.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page v
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5INTRODUCTIONTable of ContentsSection 6: WPT Page Group (Waypoint/database information)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94Finding and viewing airport location, runway and frequency dataFinding and viewing navaid informationCreating user-defined waypointsSection 7: NRST Page Group (Nearest airports, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Viewing nearest listings for airports, navaids and airspacesDisplaying frequencies for nearest flight service station (FSS) and center (ARTCC/FIR)Section 8: VLOC (VOR/Localizer/Glideslope) Receiver Operations. . . . . . . . . 131Section 9: AUX page group (Flight Planning and Unit Settings) . . . . . . . . . . . .135Section 10: Messages, Abbreviations & Navigation Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . .163Appendix A: NavData®Card Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Appendix B: Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178Appendix C: Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179Appendix D: Troubleshooting Q & A  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181Appendix E: Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187viTo quickly and easily locate information on specific tasks, please refer to the Indexon page 187.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page vi
TAKEOFF TOURKey and KnobFunctionsKey and Knob FunctionsThe GNS 430 is designed to make operation as simple as possible. The key andknob descriptions on the next three pages provide a general overview of the prima-ry function(s) for each key and knob. This Takeoff Tour section is intended to pro-vide a brief overview of the primary functions of your GNS 430. Experiment withthe unit and refer to the Reference sections for more information. Left-hand Keys and KnobsThe COM power/volume knob controls unit power and communicationsradio volume. Press momentarily to disable automatic squelch control.The VLOC volume knob controls audio volume for the selected VOR/Localizer frequency. Press momentarily to enable/disable the ident tone.The large left knob (COM/VLOC) is used to tune the megahertz (MHz) value of the standby frequency for the communications transceiver (COM) or the VLOC receiver, whichever is currently selected by thetuning cursor.The small left knob (COM/VLOC) is used to tune the kilohertz (kHz)value of the standby frequency for the communications transceiver(COM) or the VLOC receiver, whichever is currently selected by thetuning cursor. Press this knob momentarily to toggle the tuning cursorbetween the COM and VLOC frequency fields.The COM flip-flop key is used to swap the active and standby COMfrequencies. Press and hold to select emergency channel (121.500 MHz).The VLOC flip-flop key is used to swap the active and standby VLOCfrequencies (i.e., make the selected standby frequency active). 1hfWVkjLeft-hand Keys and KnobsRight-hand Keys and Knobs430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 1
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Right-hand Keys and KnobsThe range key allows you to select the desired map scale. Use the uparrow side of the key to zoom out to a larger area, or the down arrow sideto zoom in to a smaller area.The direct-to key provides access to the direct-to function, which allowsyou to enter a destination waypoint and establishes a direct course to theselected destination. See Section 3.The menu key displays a context-sensitive list of options. This options list allows you to access additional features or make settings changes which relate to the currently displayed page.The clear key is used to erase information or cancel an entry. Press andhold this key to immediately display the Default Navigation Page (seepages 12 and 28), regardless of which page is currently displayed.The enter key is used to approve an operation or complete data entry. It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on.The large right knob (CRSR) is used to select between the various pagegroups: NAV, WPT, AUX or NRST. With the on-screen cursor enabled,the large right knob allows you to move the cursor about the page.The small right knob (CRSR) is used to select between the various pageswithin one of the groups listed above. Press this knob momentarily todisplay the on-screen cursor. The cursor allows you to enter data and/ormake a selection from a list of options.2Data is entered using the large and smallknobs. Experiment with them to become efficient at entering data. This will greatlyreduce the amount of time spent operating the GNS 430 in flight.TAKEOFF TOURKey and KnobFunctionsDmcEdaR430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 2
TAKEOFF TOURKey and Knob FunctionsBottom Row KeysThe CDI key is used to toggle which navigation source (GPS or VLOC) pro-vides output to an external HSI or CDI.The OBS key is used to select manual or automatic sequencing of waypoints.Pressing the OBS key selects OBS mode, which will retain the current “activeto” waypoint as your navigation reference even after passing the waypoint (i.e.,prevents sequencing to the next waypoint). Pressing the OBS key again willreturn to normal operation, with automatic sequencing of waypoints. When-ever OBS mode is selected, you may set the desired course to/from a waypointusing the OBS Page, or an external OBS selector on your HSI or CDI.The message key is used to view system messages and to alert you to impor-tant warnings and requirements. See Sections 10 and 9 for more informationon messages and unit settings.The flight plan key allows you to create, edit, activate and invert flight plans,as well as access approaches, departures and arrivals. A closest point to flightplan feature is also available from the flight plan key. See Section 4 for moreinformation on flight plans.The procedures key allows you to select and remove approaches, departuresand arrivals from your flight plan. When using a flight plan, available proce-dures for your departure and/or arrival airport are offered automatically.Otherwise, you may select the desired airport, then the desired procedure. 3Whenever the GNS 430 is displaying a list ofinformation that is too long for the displayscreen, a scroll bar will appear along theright-hand side of the display. The scroll bargraphically indicates the number of additionalitems available within the selected category. Simply press the small right knob ( a) toactivate the cursor and rotate the large rightknob ( d) to scroll through the list. COFMP}scroll bar430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 3
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5TAKEOFF TOURPower OnThe GARMIN GNS 430 provides you accurate navigational data and communi-cation capability, along with non-precision and precision approach certification inthe IFR environment. The Takeoff Tour is designed to familiarize you with theoperation of the GNS 430 — including powering up the unit, changing frequen-cies, entering data, performing a simple direct-to, selecting IFR procedures andprovides a limited introduction to using flight plans. In addition, this section brieflycovers the default navigation, map and frequency pages available as part of theNAV page group. These pages will be used for most of your in-flight navigation.The Takeoff Tour assumes that the unit and antennas have been properlyinstalled and you have not changed any of the GNS 430’s default settings. If youhave changed any of the factory default settings (position format, units of measure,selectable fields, etc.), the pictures shown here may not exactly match what you seeon your GNS 430. Prior to using your GNS 430 for the first time, we recommendthat you taxi to a location that is well away from buildings and other aircraft so theunit can collect satellite data without interruption.Powering up the GNS 430The GNS 430’s power and COM volume are controlled using the k(power/volume) knob at the top left corner of the unit. Rotating it clockwise will turn unitpower on and increase the COM radio volume. After turning the unit on, a welcome page will be displayed while the unit performs a self test, followed by thethe land data page.The database confirmation page will appear next, which shows the current data-base information on the NavData card (with the valid operating dates, cycle num-ber and database type indicated). The database is updated every 28 days, and mustbe current for approved instrument approach operations. Information on databasesubscriptions is available inside your GNS 430 package.To acknowledge the database information, press the Ekey.4The database confirmation page shows the effective and expiration dates of the Jeppesendatabase on the NavData Card.The welcome page appears when the GNS430 is turned on.  During the time this screenis displayed, the GNS 430 performs a self-testto ensure proper operation.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 4
TAKEOFF TOURInstrument Panel Self-TestOnce the database has been acknowledged, the instrument panel self-test page willappear. To ensure that your GNS 430 and any connected instruments are workingproperly, check for the following indications on your CDI/HSI , RMI, external annun-ciators and other connected instruments:• Course deviation - half left / no flag • Glideslope - half up / no flag• TO/FROM flag - TO • Time to destination - 4 minutes• Bearing to destination - 135° • Desired track - 149.5°• Distance to dest. - 10.0 nautical mi. • Ground speed - 150 knots• All external annunciators (if installed) - onThe instrument panel self-test page indicates the currently selected OBS course,fuel capacity (CAP), fuel on board (FOB) and fuel flow (FF). The fuel capacity, fuel onboard and fuel flow may be manually entered if your installation does not include con-nection to sensors which automatically provide these figures.To enter fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuel flow figures (if not provided by sensors):1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the CAP, FOB or FF field.2. Rotate the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the desired figure, then press E.5Fuel Figures: May beentered manually ifno sensor presentSelect to displayChecklists PageCheck CDI/HSI,RMI and otherinstruments to verify these indicationsShould match current OBScourse selectionSelect to Set FuelLevel to Full Capacity{}Enter the fuel capacity, fuel on board or fuelflow figures directly onto the appropriate fieldof the instrument panel self-test page. These figures will automatically be provided if yourinstallation includes connection to external sensors.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 5
The instrument panel self-test page includes selections to set fuel on board(FOB) to full capacity and access the checklists page. This allows you to quickly setfuel to full limits and display any checklists you’ve entered, such as start up or take-off checklists.To set fuel on board to full (if not provided by sensor):1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Set Full Fuel?.2. Press Eand verify that fuel on board (FOB) now matches the fuel capacity (CAP)figure. Fuel on board will now be reduced, over time, based on the fuel flow (FF) figure.To view the checklists page:1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Go To Chklist? and press E.2. Rotate the large (d) right knob to select the desired checklist, then follow the steps onpage 147 to execute each step in the selected checklist.3. Once you complete the desired checklist(s), press the small right knob (v) to return tothe checklists page. Press the small right knob (v) again to return to normal operationon the satellite status or map pages.Once you’ve verified instrument operation with the instrument panel self-testpage displayed, press the Ekey.The satellite status page will appear as the GNS 430 begins to collect satelliteinformation. An ‘Acquiring’ status will be displayed on the satellite status page, andthe signal strength of any satellites received will appear as “bar graph” readings.This is a good indication that you are receiving signals and a position fix will bedetermined. Following the first-time use of your GNS 430, the time required for aposition fix will vary—usually from one to two minutes.6Select “Set Full Fuel?” to set fuel on board(FOB) to full capacity.Select “Go To Chklist?” to display the check-list page and any available checklists. TheGNS 430 can hold up to nine checklists withup to 30 entries in each checklist.TAKEOFF TOURFuel On Board and Checklists430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 6
If the unit can only obtain enough satellites for 2D navigation (no altitude), theunit will use the altitude provided by your altitude encoder (if one is connected). If the GNS 430 has not been operated for a period of six months or more, it mayhave to ‘Search the Sky’ to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satel-lite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information, which can take 5 to 10minutes. The satellite status page will display a ‘Search Sky’ status, and themessage annunciator (MSG), above the Mkey, will also flash to alert you of asystem message, ‘Searching the Sky’.To view a system message, press M.The message page will appear and display the status or warning informationapplicable to the receiver’s current operating condition.To return to the previous page after viewing a message, press Magain.7The satellite status page shows the ID num-bers for the satellites and the relative signalstrength of each satellite received (as a “bargraph” reading. ‘Search Sky’ indicates that satellite almanacdata is not available or has expired (if the unit hasn’t been used for six months or more).The data will be recollected from the firstavailable satellite.The ‘INTEG’ annunciator (bottom left cornerof the screen) indicates that satellite coverageis insufficient to pass built-in integrity moni-toring tests. In the example above, not enoughsatellites are being received to determine aposition.Message PageTAKEOFF TOURAcquiring Satellites &Viewing Messages430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 7
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5TAKEOFF TOURSelecting COM and VLOC FrequenciesWhile the GNS 430 is acquiring a position, let’s take a minute to dial in theactive and standby frequencies you’ll be using for the first phase of your flight. TheGNS 430’s display is divided into separate ‘windows’ (or screen areas), including aCOM window, VLOC window and the GPS window (the right 3/4 of the display).Pushing the small left knob (v) activates the tuning cursor in the desired fre-quency window. To select the active frequency, you must first enter the frequency inthe standby field, and use the W(or V) key to move it to the active field.To change the standby communication frequency:1. Press the small left knob (v) if needed, to move the tuning cursor to the COM window.2. Rotate the large left knob (h) to select the MHz, and the small left knob (f) to selectthe kHz of the desired frequency.To place the standby communication frequency in the active field, press W.Once you’ve entered the active frequency, simply repeat steps 1 and 2, above, toenter the standby frequency. After both communication frequencies have beenentered, you may elect to keep the COM window ‘hot’ by leaving the cursor on thestandby frequency, or move the cursor to the VLOC window by pressing the smallleft knob (v).  NOTE: When selecting VLOC frequencies, the tuning cursor willautomatically return to the COM window after 30 seconds of inactivity.8COM WindowGPS WindowActive Frequency on top &Standby on bottom (highlighted by cursor){{VLOC WindowSatellite status page with cursor active inCOM window.To switch the active and standby frequencies,press the Wkey. Switching the active andstandby frequencies will not remove the cur-sor from the COM window.}430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 8
TAKEOFF TOURMap PageThe map page combines a moving map displayand navigation data for complete situationalawareness. Map setup pages are provided todesignate the maximum scale at which eachmap feature will appear. These settings pro-vide an automatic decluttering of the map(based upon your preferences) as you adjustthe scale. While viewing the map page, you can quicklydeclutter and remove many of the backgroundmap details by pressing the ckey (repeat-edly) until the desired detail is depicted.To change the map scale, press the  or side of the Rkey.To change the standby VLOC frequency:1. Press the small left knob (v), if needed, to activate the tuning cursor in the VLOC window.2. Rotate the large left knob (h) to select the MHz, and the small left knob (a) to selectthe kHz of the desired frequency.To place the standby frequency in the active field, press V.After the GNS 430 acquires satellites and computes a position, the map pagewill appear automatically.The map page displays your present position (using an airplane symbol) relativeto nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace bound-aries—and your route displayed as a solid line. Data fields for destination waypoint(WPT), distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK) and ground speed (GS)appear on the right hand side of the display. These fields are user selectable (seepage 37 for more information) to allow you to configure the unit to your own prefer-ences. Available settings include: altitude, bearing, enroute safe altitude, estimatedtime of arrival, minimum safe altitude, and ground track. See Section 10 for defini-tions of these navigation terms. 9DataFieldsPresentPositionMap DisplayMap ScaleMap PageDesired Track430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 9
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5The map page is one of six pages available under the NAV group*:• Default NAV page • Map page• NAVCOM page • Position page• Satellite status page • Vertical navigation pageTo select the desired NAV page, rotate the small right knob ( a) until the desiredpage is displayed.If you are currently viewing a page which is not part of the NAV group, you canquickly return to the NAV group using the ckey.To select the NAV group and display the default NAV page, press and hold c.MAIN PAGE GROUPSIn addition to the NAV group of pages, additional groups of pages are available forwaypoint information (WPT), auxiliary (AUX) functions such as flight planning or unitsettings, and listings for nearest (NRST) airports or other facilities.To select the desired page group, rotate the large right knob (d) until a page fromthe desired group is displayed.To select the desired page within the group, rotate the small right knob (a) untilthe desired page is displayed.8 availablepages (seelist on pg. 16)6 availablepages* (seelist above)The bottom right corner of the screen indi-cates which page group is currently being dis-played (e.g., NAV or NRST), the number ofscreens available within that group (indicatedby square icons) and the placement of the cur-rent screen within that group (indicated by ahighlighted square icon). To select a differentpage within the group, rotate the small rightknob (a).* Seven NAV Pages are available when theGNS 430 installation includes connection totraffic and/or weather information sources.See 400 Series Pilot’s Guide Addendum, partnumber 190-00140-10.TAKEOFF TOURNAV Pages &Page Groups10NAV NRST10 availablepages (seelist on pg. 94)4 availablepages (see liston pg. 131)AUXWPT430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 10
TAKEOFF TOURPage Groups11d(Large right knob to change page groups)(Small right knob to select pages within the group)aDefault NAV Map NAVCOM Position Satellite Status VNAVAirport Location Airport Runway Airport Frequency Airport Approach Airport Arrival Airport Departure Intersection NDB VOR User WaypointFlight Planning Utility Setup 1 Setup 2Nearest Airport Nearest Intersection Nearest NDB Nearest VOR Nearest User Waypoint Nearest Center Nearest Flight Service Nearest AirspaceNAV GroupWPT GroupAUX GroupNRST GroupSelection of any main page is performed using the large ( d) and small ( a) right knobs. The large right knob (d) selects the page group: NAV, WPT,AUX or NRST. The small right knob ( a) selects the desired page within a group. To quickly select the default NAV page, press and hold c. 430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 11
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5The GNS 430 can use direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoffto touchdown, even in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, theunit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course fromyour present position to your destination. A destination can be selected from anypage with the D(direct-to) key.To select a direct-to destination:1. Press the Dkey. The select direct-to waypoint page will appear with the destinationfield highlighted.2. Rotate the small right knob (a) to enter the first letter of the destination waypoint iden-tifier. The destination waypoint may be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user way-point, as long as it is in the database or stored in memory as a user waypoint.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to the right to move the cursor to the next characterposition.4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to spell out the rest of the waypoint identifier.5. Press Eto confirm the identifier. The Activate? function field will be highlighted.6. Press Eto activate a direct-to course to the selected destination.12Confirm the selected direct-to destination byhighlighting “Activate?” and pressing E.TAKEOFF TOURDirect-To Navigation“Activate?”Function FieldSelect Direct-To Waypoint PageDestinationWaypointIdentifier FieldOnce a direct-to destination is selected, pressand hold cto display the default NAVpage.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 12
TAKEOFF TOURDefault NAV PageDuring most flights, the default NAV, map and NAVCOM pages will be the pri-mary pages used for navigation. The default NAV page displays a graphic coursedeviation indicator (CDI), the active leg of your flight plan (as defined by the cur-rent “from” and “to” waypoints), and six user-selectable data fields. The default set-tings for these fields are distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing towaypoint (BRG), ground speed (GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time enroute (ETE). See Section 10 for definitions of these navigation terms. The defaultNAV page is selected using the steps described on page 10.From the default NAV page, simply rotate the small right knob (a) to display themap page (see page 9) and again to display the NAVCOM page. The NAVCOM pagedisplays the available frequencies (communications and navigation) for the departureairport, any en route airports which are included in your flight plan, and the finaldestination airport. When using the direct-to function, frequencies will be listed forthe airport nearest to your starting position and the destination airport.To display the frequency list for the desired flight plan or direct-to airport:1. Push the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor on the airport identifier field (in theGPS window).{continued} 13Active Leg ofFlight PlanUser-selectable Data FieldsCourse Deviation Indicator (CDI)Default NAV PageThe data fields on the default NAV page maybe custom-tailored to your preferences. A menuselection is provided to “Change Fields?” The large right knob ( d) is used to select thedata field you wish to change. Then use thesmall right knob ( a) to display a list of dataoptions and select the desired data item.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 13
PROCEDURESApproach Examples52. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display the list of airports (departure, arrival and enroute) for your flight plan or direct-to. Continue to rotate the small right knob (a) untilthe desired airport is selected.3. Press Eto display the frequency list for the selected airport.A frequency listed on the NAVCOM page can be quickly transferred to thestandby field of the COM or VLOC windows. This time saving process preventshaving to “re-key” a frequency already displayed elsewhere on the screen.To select a communication or navigation frequency:1. Push the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor in the GPS window.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired frequency from the list.3. Press Eto transfer the selected frequency to the standby field in the COM or VLOCwindow. COM frequencies will automatically go to the standby field of the COM windowand navigation frequencies will automatically go to the standby field of the VLOC window,regardless of which window is currently highlighted by the cursor.4. To activate the selected frequency, press the Wor Vkey.14TAKEOFF TOURNAVCOM PageThe navigation/communications (NAVCOM)page provides a complete list of airport fre-quencies at your departure, en route andarrival airports. To place a frequency from thislist on standby, highlight the desired frequen-cy and press E.To display frequencies for a different airportalong your flight plan, press the small rightknob (r)to highlight the airport identifierfield. Rotate the small right knob (a) to dis-play the list of airports within your flight plan.Continue rotating the small right knob (a) toselect the desired airport and press E.Arrival, Enroute orDeparture AirportFrequency ListNAVCOM Page430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 14
TAKEOFF TOURIFR ProceduresOnce the direct-to or flight plan is confirmed, the whole range of instrumentprocedures is available to you. Departures (SIDs), arrivals (STARs), non-precisionand precision approaches are stored within the NavData card and available usingthe P(procedures) key.To display the procedures page, press P. The steps required to select and activate an approach, departure or arrival areidentical. In this introductory section, we’ll show examples of the steps required toselect an approach, but keep in mind the same process also applies to departuresand arrivals.To select an approach, departure or arrival:1. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired option (Select Approach?,Select Arrival? or Select Departure?) from the procedures page.2. Press Eto display a list of available procedures for the arrival (when usingapproaches or STARs) or departure (when using SIDs) airport.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired procedure and press E. 4. For approaches, a window appears to select the desired initial approach fix (IAF) or pro-vide a vectors option to select just the final course segment of the approach. Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select the desired option and press E. (The vectors optionextends the final inbound course beyond the final approach fix, allowing you to interceptthe final course segment beyond its normal limits.)5. For departures and arrivals, a window appears to select the desired transition. Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select the desired option and press E. In your flight plan or direct-to, the departure or arrival airport is replaced withthe sequence of waypoints contained within the selected procedure.15Press the Pkey to display the procedurespage. Rotate the large right knob ( d) toselect the desired option.A window will appear to select the desiredprocedure. Use the large right knob ( d) tomake your selection.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 15
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5From page 10 you may recall that one of the main page groups, NRST, provideslistings for nearest airports or other facilities. The NRST group provides detailedinformation on the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user-cre-ated waypoints within 200 nautical miles of your current position. In addition,pages are also provided to display the five nearest center (ARTCC/FIR) and FlightService Station (FSS) points of communication, plus alert you to any special-use orcontrolled airspace you may be in or near. To display the NRST pages:1. If necessary, press the small right knob(r) to remove the cursor from the page.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the NRST page group, as indicated by NRSTappearing in the lower right corner of the screen (see page 10).3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired NRST page. The nearest airport page (shown at left) is one of eight pages available under theNRST group:• Nearest airport page • Nearest intersection page• Nearest NDB page • Nearest VOR page• Nearest user waypoints page • Nearest ARTCC page• Nearest FSS page • Nearest airspace pageYou may examine both the communication frequencies and runway informationdirectly from the nearest airport page. As discussed earlier for the NAVCOM page(see page 14), you may also place any displayed frequency into the standby COM orVLOC field by highlighting the frequency with the cursor and pressing E.16TAKEOFF TOURNearest AirportEmergency SearchTo display a list of nearby airports, rotate thelarge right knob ( d) to select the NRST pagegroup and (if needed) the small right knob (a) to select the nearest airport page. To scroll through the list, press the small rightknob ( a), then rotate the large right knob (d). 430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 16
TAKEOFF TOURNearest Airports: AdditionalInformation and Direct-toTo view additional information for a nearby airport:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired airport from the list.3. Press Eto display waypoint (WPT) information pages for the selected airport.4. To display runway and frequency information, press (r) to remove the cursor androtate the small right knob (a) to display the desired information page.The nearest airport page may be used in conjunction with the direct-to (D)key to quickly set a course to a nearby facility in an in-flight emergency. Selecting anearby airport as a direct-to destination will override your flight plan or cancel apreviously selected direct-to destination. (You’ll still have the option of returning toyour flight plan by cancelling the direct-to. See page 53.)To select a nearby airport as a direct-to destination:From the nearest airport page...1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired airport from the list.3. Press D, Eand E(again) to navigate to the nearby airport.From an airport information page...1. Press D, Eand E(again) to navigate to the nearby airport.17Additional information for a nearby airport isavailable by highlighting an identifier on thelist and pressing E.To select a nearby airport as a new destina-tion, highlight its identifier, press D, Eand E(again).430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 17
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5The last page in the NRST group, the nearest airspace page, provides informa-tion for up to nine controlled or special-use airspaces near or in your flight path.Airspace information appears on this page based upon the same criteria used for air-space alert messages. Nearby airspace information and airspace alert messages areprovided according to the following conditions:• If your projected course will take you inside an airspace within thenext ten minutes, the message “Airspace ahead -- less than 10 minutes” will appear.• If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your currentcourse will take you inside, the message “Airspace near and ahead”will appear.• If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your currentcourse will not take you inside, the message “Near airspace less than2nm” will appear.• If you have entered an airspace, the message “Inside Airspace” willappear. By default, airspace alert messages are turned off. When turned on, the message(MSG) annunciator located directly above theMkey will flash to alert you to theairspace message. (See page 154 for information on enabling airspace alert messages.)To view an airspace alert message:1. Press the Mkey. The message page appears with the alert message.2. Press Magain to return to the previous display.Note that the airspace alerts are based upon three-dimensional data (latitude,longitude and altitude) to avoid nuisance alerts. The alert boundaries for controlledairspace are also sectorized to provide complete information on any nearby airspace.Additional information about a nearby airspace—such as controlling agency, fre-quency and floor/ceiling limits—is available from the nearest airspace page (seepage 128 and illustrations shown at left).18TAKEOFF TOURSpecial-use and Controlled AirspaceWhen an airspace alert occurs, the message(MSG) annunciator will flash. Press Mtoview the alert message.To view additional information about the air-space, select the nearest airspace page.Detailed information is available by highlight-ing the airspace name and pressing E.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 18
TAKEOFF TOURFlight PlansThe GNS 430 lets you create up to 20 flight plans, with up to thirty-one way-points in each flight plan. Flight plans are created, edited and activated using theFkey. The FPL page group includes two pages: the active flight plan page andthe flight plan catalog. The active flight plan page provides information and editingfeatures for the flight plan currently in use (referred to as “flight plan 00”). Theflight plan catalog serves as the main page for creating new flight plans, as well asediting or activating previously created flight plans.Since using flight plans is arguably one of the more complex features of the GNS430, we’ll only discuss it briefly here — focusing on creating a new flight plan andactivating it to use for navigation. After reading through this brief introduction,answers to additional questions you may have about flight plans can be found in thereference section, starting on page 54.To create a new flight plan:1. Press theFkey and rotate the small right knob(a) to select the flight plan catalog.2. Press the mkey to display the flight plan catalog options.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select Create New Flight Plan? and press E.4. The cursor will appear on the first waypoint identifier field (located directly below WAY-POINT). Use the large (d) and small (a) right knobs to enter the identifier of the firstwaypoint in the flight plan. (The small knob is used to select the desired letter or numberand the large knob is used to move to the next character space.) 5. Press Eonce the identifier has been selected. The cursor will move to the nextblank waypoint identifier field.6. Repeat steps 4 and 5, above, until all waypoints for the flight plan have been entered.19Active flight plan page with flight plan currently in use.To create a new flight plan, select “CreateNew Flight Plan?” from the flight plan catalogoptions.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 19
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Once the flight plan is created, it may be activated from an options window.Activating the flight plan will place it into “flight plan 00” (a copy of it will stillreside in the original catalog location) and replaces any flight plan which currentlyexists in “flight plan 00.”To activate the new flight plan:1. Press the mkey to display the flight plan catalog options.2. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select Activate Flight Plan? and press E.This Takeoff Tour is intended to provide a brief introduction of the GNS 430’smajor features.  The Reference section of this manual describes these features, andothers, in additional detail. Use the Reference section, as needed, to learn or reviewthe details regarding a particular feature.  The Index (beginning on page 187) maybe used to quickly locate the information you want within the reference section.Now that you’re familiar with the basics, some suggested reading within theReference section includes:• Flight plan features - see page 54• Waypoint information pages (database information) - see page 94• IFR procedures - see page 66• Unit settings (configuring the unit to your preferences) - see page 135If you’re unable to locate the information you need, we’re here to help!GARMIN’s Customer Service staff is available during normal business hours (U.S.Central time zone) at the phone and fax numbers listed on page iv.  You can alsoreach us by mail (see page iv) or at our web site address: www.garmin.com.20TAKEOFF TOURFlight Plans andAdditional ReadingEnter the identifier for each airport and/ornavaid into the flight plan in the samesequence you wish to fly.Select “Activate Flight Plan?” from the pagemenu to begin using the new flight plan.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 20
COMRadio VolumeAuto SquelchSection 1Communicating with the GNS 430The GNS 430 features a digitally-tuned VHF COM radio that provides a seam-less transition from communication to navigation, bringing the two most importantfunctions in flying together in one panel-mounted unit. The GNS 430’s COM radiooperates in the aviation voice band, from 118.000 to 136.975 MHz, in 25 kHz steps(default). For European operations, a COM radio configuration to allow for 8.33kHz steps is also provided (see pages 160-161).VolumeCOM radio volume is adjusted using the kknob. Rotate the kknob clock-wise to increase volume, or counterclockwise to decrease volume.SquelchThe COM radio features an automatic squelch, providing maximum sensitivityto weaker signals while rejecting many localized noise sources. You may wish tooverride this automatic squelch function when listening to a distant station or whensetting the desired volume level. The kknob allows you to disable the automaticsquelch and keep the COM audio open continuously.To override the automatic squelch, press the kknob momentarily.  Press kagain to return to automatic squelch operation.21Press the kknob momentarily to overridethe automatic squelch. Note the “RX” receiveindication when receiving a station.“TX” appears at the upper right corner of thescreen while transmitting.1430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 21
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5COM Window and TuningCommunication frequencies are selected with the tuning cursor in the standbyCOM frequency field, and using the small (f) and large (h) left knobs to dial inthe desired frequency. The standby frequency always appears below the active fre-quency. The active frequency is the frequency currently in use for transmit andreceive operations.A frequency may also be quickly selected from the database by simply highlight-ing the desired frequency on any of the main pages and pressing the Ekey. Thisprocess is referred to as auto-tuning. Once a frequency is selected in the standbyfield, it may be transferred to the active frequency by pressing the Wkey. While receiving a station, an “RX” indication appears in the upper right cornerof the COM window — to the immediate right of “COM”. A “TX” indicationappears at this location while you are transmitting.22COMTuning CursorActive/Standby FreqsTuning cursor in the COM window. Use thesmall ( f) and large ( h) left knobs to dial inthe desired standby frequency.Once the standby frequency is selected, usethe W(flip-flop) key to make the frequencyactive for transmit and receive operations.NOTEThe tuning cursor will normally appear in the COM win-dow, unless placed in the VLOC window by pressing v.When the tuning cursor is in the VLOC window, it willautomatically return to the COM window after 30 secondsof inactivity.The active frequency in either window cannot be accesseddirectly—only the standby frequency will be highlighted bythe tuning cursor.1430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 22
COMAuto-Tuning fromNearest Airport Page 123To select a COM frequency:1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the COM window, press the small left knob (v)momentarily.2. Rotate the large left knob (h) to select the desired megahertz (MHz) value. For example,the 118 portion of the frequency 118.300.3. Rotate the small left knob (f) to select the desired kilohertz (kHz) value. For example,the .300 portion of the frequency 118.300.To make the standby frequency the active frequency, press the W(flip flop) key.The tuning cursor will remain in the COM window. If you wish to select aVOR/localizer/ILS frequency, press the small left knob (v) momentarily to place thecursor in the VLOC window. Additional instructions for VOR/localizer/ILS opera-tions are available in Sections 5 and 8 (beginning on pages 66 and 131). Auto-TuningThe GNS 430’s auto-tune feature allows you to quickly select any database fre-quency in the GPS window as your standby frequency. Any COM frequency dis-played in the GPS window can be transferred to the standby COM frequency field,with a minimum of keystrokes required. The following are some examples of select-ing COM frequencies from some of the main GPS pages.To select a COM frequency for a nearby airport:1. Select the nearest airport page from the NRST page group. (See page 119, or press andhold c, then rotate the large right knob, d, until the nearest pages appears. Finally, ifnecessary, rotate the small right knob,a, to display the nearest airport page.){continued}Cursor in VLOC window allows for VOR andILS operations. See Section 8, starting onpage 131.Nearest airport page with common trafficadvisory frequency (CTAF) for the closest airport highlighted.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 23
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5242. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to place the cursor on the airport identifierfield of the first airport in the list. If you wish to select another airport, rotate the large rightknob (d) to highlight the desired airport.3. The nearest airport page displays the common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) for eachlisted airport. To select this frequency, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight thedesired airports CTAF frequency and press Eto place the frequency in the standbyfield of the COM window. 4. To display the entire list of frequencies for a nearby airport and select from that list, startwith the desired airport highlighted on the nearest airport page (as described in step 3above), then press E. Now press the small right knob (r) momentarily to removethe cursor and rotate the small right knob (a) to display the frequency list. Press thesmall right knob (r) momentarily to reactivate the cursor and rotate the large right knob(d) to highlight the desired frequency. Press Eto place the highlighted frequency inthe standby COM window field.To select a COM frequency for a nearby flight service station (FSS) or center (ARTCC):1. Select the nearest center or flight service page from the NRST page group. (See page119, or rotate the large right knob, d, until the NRST pages appear. Then, if necessary,rotate the small right knob,a, to display the desired NRST page.)2. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to place the cursor on the page.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the FSS/ARTCC frequency and press Eto place the frequency in the standby field of the COM window. COMAuto-Tuning FSS, Center or Flight PlanFrom the nearest airport page, select thedesired airport to show a more detailed listingof  frequencies for that airport.Use the nearest ARTCC page to quicklyretrieve the frequency(s) for the nearest center(ARTCC) facility.1430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 24
COMAuto-Tuning fromFlight Plan/Database 125To select a COM frequency for any airport in your flight plan:1. Select the NAVCOM page from the NAV page group.  (See page 27, or press and holdc, then rotate the small right knob, a, until the NAVCOM page appears.)2. Press the small right knob (r) to place the cursor on the airport identifier field.  To theleft of this field appears Departure, Enroute or Arrival  depending on the placement ofthe displayed airport within your flight plan.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window listing the airports in your flightplan.  Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired airport. 4. Press Eto return to the NAVCOM page with the frequencies for the selected airport.5. Rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the desired frequency.6. Press Eto place the highlighted frequency in the standby COM window field. To select a COM frequency for any airport in the database:1. Select the airport frequencies page from the WPT page group.  (See page 94, or rotatethe large right knob, d, to select the WPT page group.  Then rotate the small rightknob, a, until the airport frequencies page appears.)2. Press the small right knob (r) to place the cursor on the airport identifier field.3. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired air-port.  Press Ewhen finished. 4. Rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the desired frequency.5. Press Eto place the highlighted frequency in the standby COM window field. The NAVCOM page provides a frequency listfor all the airports (departure, en route andarrival) along your active flight plan.Use the airport frequencies page to retrieve afrequency list for ANY airport in the JeppesenNavData database.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 25
PROCEDURESApproach Examples526Emergency ChannelThe GNS 430’s emergency channel select provides a quick method of selecting121.500 MHz as the active frequency in the event of an in-flight emergency. Theemergency channel select is available whenever the unit is on, regardless of GPS orcursor status, or loss of the display.To quickly tune and activate 121.500, press and hold Wfor approximately twoseconds. Stuck MicrophoneAs mentioned earlier, whenever the GNS 430 is transmitting, a ‘TX’ indicationwill appear in the COM window. If the microphone is stuck or accidentally left inthe keyed position, or continues to transmit after the key is released, the COMtransmitter will automatically timeout (or cease transmitting) after 35 seconds ofcontinuous broadcasting. You’ll also receive a “COM push-to-talk key stuck” mes-sage as long as the stuck condition exists.COMEmergency ChannelStuck MicPress and hold the W(flip-flop) key for twoseconds to activate the 121.500 MHz emer-gency frequency.A “COM push-to-talk key stuck” messageappears to warn you of a stuck microphone.Transmitting is disabled after 35 seconds ofcontinuous broadcasting.1430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 26
NAV PAGESPage GroupsNAV Page Group 227Section 2 NAV PagesMain Page GroupsThe GNS 430’s main pages are divided into groups: NAV, WPT, AUX and NRST.While viewing any of these pages, selection of another page is a simple selectionprocess using the small (a) and large (d) right knobs.To select the desired page group, rotate the large right knob (d) until a page fromthe desired group is displayed.To select the desired page within the group, rotate the small right knob (a) untilthe desired page is displayed.NAV Page GroupThe NAV page group includes six pages. While viewing any NAV page, rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select a different NAV page. You may find this selectionprocess convenient to cycle between the default NAV and map pages—two of themost frequently used pages. Other pages are provided to list frequencies for yourflight plan, show your current position, display current satellite reception, and makevertical navigation settings.8 availablepages (see liston pg. 119)6 availablepages (seelist below)NAV NRST10 availablepages (seelist on pg. 94)4 availablepages (see liston pg. 135)AUXWPTDefault NAV Map NAVCOM Position Satellite Status VNAVThe bottom right corner of the screen indi-cates which page group is currently being dis-played (e.g., NAV or NRST), the number ofscreens available within that group (indicatedby square icons) and the placement of the cur-rent screen within that group (indicated by ahighlighted square icon). To select a differentpage within the group, rotate the small rightknob ( a).This part of the screen is also used to displaythe GNS 430’s turn advisories (e.g., “Turn to230°”) and waypoint alerts (e.g., “Next DTK230°”) during flight plan and approach opera-tions. See Section 5 for more information. 430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 27
PROCEDURESApproach Examples528Default NAV PageThe first NAV page is the default NAV page. This page may be quickly selectedfrom ANY page by using the ckey.To select the NAV group and display the default NAV page, press and hold c.The default NAV page displays a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI) acrossthe top of the page. Unlike the angular limits used on a mechanical CDI coupled toa VOR or ILS receiver, full scale limits for this CDI are defined by a GPS-deriveddistance (0.3, 1.0 or 5.0 nm), as indicated at both ends of the CDI. By default, theCDI scale will automatically adjust to the desired limits based upon the currentphase of flight: en route, terminal area or approach. You may also manually selectthe desired scale setting as outlined on pages 153 and 155.The graphic CDI shows your position at the center of the indicator, relative tothe desired course (the moving course deviation needle). As with a traditionalmechanical CDI, when you’re off course simply steer toward the needle. TheTO/FROM arrow in the center of the scale indicates whether you are heading to(an up arrow) the waypoint or if you have passed the waypoint (a down arrow). NAV PAGESDefault NAV PageActive Leg ofFlight PlanUser-selectable Data FieldsCourse Deviation Indicator (CDI)NOTEThe GNS 430 always navigates TO a waypoint unless the OBSswitch is set (preventing automatic waypoint sequencing), or youhave passed the last waypoint in your flight plan.First Pagein NAV group2The following symbols are used—on thedefault NAV page directly below the CDI—todepict the “active leg” of a flight plan ordirect-to:Direct-To a WaypointCourse to a Waypoint, or DesiredCourse between Two WaypointsLeft Procedure TurnRight Procedure TurnVectors-To-FinalDME Arc to the leftDME Arc to the rightLeft-hand Holding PatternRight-hand Holding Pattern430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 28
NAV PAGESDefault NAV Page 229Directly below the CDI appears the active leg of your flight plan, or the direct-todestination when using the Dkey. This will automatically sequence to the next legof your flight plan as you reach each interim waypoint. If no flight plan or direct-todestination has been selected, the destination field will remain blank.Selecting Desired On-Screen DataAt the bottom of the default NAV page you’ll find six user-definable fields whichdisplay the data you’ll need as your flight progresses. By default these fields display:distance to destination (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing to destination (BRG),ground speed (GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time en route (ETE).However, each of these fields can be custom-tailored to your preferences by selecting a different data item. Available data items include:• Bearing to destination (BRG) • Course to steer (CTS)• Distance to destination (DIS) • Desired track (DTK)• En route safe altitude (ESA) • Estimated time of arrival (ETA)• Estimate time en route (ETE) • Ground speed (GS)• Minimum safe altitude (MSA) • Track angle error (TKE)• Ground track (TRK) • Vertical speed required (VSR)• Cross track error (XTK)If no flight plan or direct-to destination has been selected only speed, track, alti-tude and minimum safe altitude data may be displayed. All other data types willappear as blank lines—on the default NAV page—until a destination is selected.To select a different data item for any data field:1. Starting with the default NAV page, press the mkey to display an options menu.2. The Change Fields? option is already highlighted, so press Eto select this option.3. Use the large right knob (d) to highlight the data field you wish to change.4. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display the list of available data items. Continue rotat-ing the small right knob (a) to select the desired data item from the list.{continued}430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 29
PROCEDURESApproach Examples55. Press Eto select the desired data item and return to the default NAV page.6. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to remove the cursor from the page.Restoring Factory SettingsYou can also quickly return all data field settings to their original factory settings.To restore all six data fields to factory default settings:1. Starting with the default NAV page, press the mkey to display an options menu.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the Restore Defaults? option and pressE.Dual Unit ConsiderationsA “Crossfill?” option is also provided for the default NAV page. This option allowsyou to transfer a direct-to destination or flight plan to a second 400-series GARMINunit. See page 58 and 142 for additional details on using the “Crossfill?” option.Map PageThe second NAV page is the map page, which displays your present positionusing an airplane symbol, along with nearby airports, navaids, user-defined way-points, airspace boundaries, lakes, rivers, highways and cities. 30NAV PAGESMap PageDataFieldsPresentPositionMap DisplayMap ScaleSecond Pagein NAV groupNOTEIf the GNS 430 is unable to determine a GPS position, the presentposition (airplane) symbol will not appear on the map page.2430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 30
2NAV PAGESMap Page31Different symbols are used to distinguish between waypoint types.  The identi-fiers for any on-screen waypoints can also be displayed. (By default the identifiersare enabled.)  Special-use and controlled airspace boundaries appear on the map,showing the individual sectors in the case of Class B or Class C airspace. The follow-ing symbols are used to depict the various airports and navaids on the map page:Airport with hard surface runway(s); Primary runway shownAirport with soft surface runway(s) onlyPrivate Airfield IntersectionVOR VORTACVOR/DME TACANDME NDBLocalizer Locator Outer MarkerThe map display can be set to 23 different scale settings from 500 feet to 2000nautical miles (statute and metric units are also available).  The scale is indicated inthe lower left-hand corner of the map display, and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map display.To select a map scale:1. Press the up arrow side of the Rkey to zoom out to a larger map area.2. Press the down arrow side of the Rkey to zoom in to a smaller map area andmore detail.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 31
PROCEDURESApproach Examples532An autozoom feature is available which will automatically adjust from an enroute scale of 2000 through each lower scale, stopping at a scale of 1.0 as youapproach your destination waypoint. The autozoom feature is turned on/off from themap setup page described on page 36.The map page also displays a background map showing lakes, rivers, coastlines,highways, railways and towns. When a map scale is selected below the lower limitat which the map detail was originally created, an “overzoom” indication will appearon the map display, below the scale reading. “Overzoom” indicates that the detail atthis scale may not accurately represent actual conditions. If you continue to zoom into lower scale settings, “overzoom” will be replaced with “no map” and the geo-graphic detail is removed from the map display (but, the airport and navaid detailwill remain).The “Setup Map?” option (described on page 35) allows you to define the maxi-mum scale at which each map feature will appear. This provides you with completecontrol to minimize screen clutter. You can also quickly remove items from the mapusing the ckey.To quickly declutter the map display, press the ckey momentarily (as often asneeded) to select the desired amount of map detail.The right-hand side of the map page includes four user-selectable data fields. Bydefault, the displayed data is: destination waypoint name (WPT), desired track(DTK), distance to destination waypoint (DIS) and ground speed (GS). Any of thesedata fields may be changed to display a different data type, as outlined on page 37.You may also remove the four data fields from the map to show a larger map image,as described on page 37.NAV PAGESMap Page2The ckey allows you to quickly declutterthe map display, providing four levels of mapdetail. Note the “-1” and “-2” (“-3” is also pro-vided) suffix designations above, indicatingeach successive declutter level.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 32
2NAV PAGESMap Page33Map PanningAnother map page function is panning, which allows you to move the map beyondits current limits without adjusting the map scale.  When you select the panningfunction — by pressing the small right knob (r) — a target pointer will flash on themap display.  A window will also appear at the top of the map display showing thelatitude/longitude position of the pointer, plus the bearing and distance to the point-er from your present position.To select the panning function and pan the map display:1a. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the panning target pointer.2a. Rotate the small right knob(a) to move up (rotate clockwise) or down (counterclockwise).3. Rotate the large right knob(d) to move right (rotate clockwise) or left (counterclockwise).4. To cancel the panning function and return to your present position, press the small rightknob (r).When the target pointer is placed on an object, the name of that object will behighlighted (even if the name wasn’t originally displayed on the map). This featureapplies to airports, navaids, user-created waypoints, roads, lakes, rivers — prettymuch everything displayed on the map except route lines.When an airport, navaid, or user waypoint is selected on the map display, you canreview information about the waypoint or designate the waypoint as your direct-todestination.To review information for an on-screen airport, navaid or user waypoint:1b. Use the panning function (as described above) to place the target pointer on a waypoint.2b. Press Eto display the waypoint information page(s) for the selected waypoint.3. Press cto exit the information page(s).bba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 33
PROCEDURESApproach Examples534Map Direct-ToTo designate an on-screen airport, navaid or user waypoint as your direct-to destination:1a. Use the panning function (see previous page) to place the target pointer on a waypoint.2. Press Dto display the select direct-to waypoint page, with the selected waypointalready listed.3a. Press Etwice to confirm the selection and begin navigating to the waypoint.The direct-to function can be used anywhere on the map. If nothing currentlyexists at the crosshair position, a new waypoint (called “+MAP”; shown at left) willbe created at the target pointer location before the direct-to is initiated.Airspace Information on the MapWhen a special-use or controlled airspace boundary appears on the map display,you can quickly retrieve information — such as floor/ceiling limits and controllingagency — directly from the map.To view airspace information for an on-screen special-use or controlled airspace:1b. Use the panning function (see previous page) to place the target pointer on an open areawithin the boundaries of an airspace.  If the area is congested and it is difficult to select anopen area, you may need to zoom in or press cto make the selection easier.2. Press Eto display an options menu.3b. Review Airspace? should already be highlighted, if not select it with the small right knob(a).  Press Eto display the airspace information page for the selected airspace.4. To display the com frequency(s) for the controlling agency, rotate the large right knob(d) to highlight Frequencies? and press E.  Press cto return to the airspaceinformation page.5. Press cto exit the airspace information page.NAV PAGESMap Page2bb430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 34
Many of the GNS 430’s functions are menu driven. Each of the main pages hasan options menu, allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page to your pref-erences and/or select special features which specifically relate to that page. A mappage options menu provides additional settings to customize the map page and addi-tional features related specifically to the map page.To display the map page options menu, press m(with the map page displayed).The following options are available: “Setup Map?”, “Measure Dist?”, “Data FieldsOff?”, “Change Fields?” and “Restore Defaults?”.Map Setup“Setup Map?” allows you to configure the map display to your preferences,including map orientation, land data enable/disable, Jeppesen data enable/disable,automatic zoom, airspace boundaries, and text size.  The following table lists thegroup names and available settings:Map Orientation, AutoZoom, Land Data, Aviation DataWeather Lightning Mode/Symbol (when applicable)Traffic Traffic Mode/Symbol/Label (when applicable)Airport Large/Medium/Small Airports and TextNAVAID VORs, NDBs, Intersections and TextWaypoint User Waypoints, Waypoint Text, Flight Plan WptsLine Active Flight Plan/Direct-To, Lat/Long GridControl Controlled Airspace: Class B, C, D (tower zone)Airspace Special-Use Airspace: Restricted, MOA, OtherCity Large/Medium/Small Cities and TextRoad Freeway, National Highway, Local Hwy, Local RoadOther States/Prov, Rivers/Lakes, Railroads, Wind Vector2NAV PAGESMap Page Options35Large, Medium and Small classifications areused on the GNS 430 for airports and cities.Large airports are those with a runway longerthan 8100 feet. Medium airports include thosewith a runway longer than 5000 feet or with acontrol tower. Large cities are those withapproximate populations greater than 200,000and Medium cities are greater than 50,000.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 35
PROCEDURESApproach Examples536To change a map setup feature:1. Rotate the large right knob ( d) to highlight Setup Map? and press E.2. To change map orientation, rotate the small right knob ( a) to select Map and pressE.  Rotate the large right knob ( d) to highlight the Orientation field and rotate thesmall right knob ( a) to select the desired option . Select North up to fix the top of themap display to a north heading. Select Track up to adjust the top of the map display toyour current track heading. Select DTK up to fix the top of the map display to your desiredcourse. Press Eto accept the selected option.3. To enable/disable automatic zoom, rotate the small right knob ( a) to select Map andpress E.  Rotate the large right knob ( d) to highlight the Auto Zoom field and rotatethe small right knob ( a) to select On or Off.  Press Eto accept the selectedoption.  The automatic zoom feature will automatically adjust the map scale from 2000 nmthrough each lower scale, stopping at 1.0 nm as you approach your destination waypoint.4. To enable/disable the wind vector, all background land data or all Jeppesen aviation data,rotate the small right knob ( a) to select Map and press E.  Use the large right knob( d) to highlight the appropriate field and rotate the small right knob ( a) to select Onor Off.  Press Eto accept the selected option.5. For airports, NAVAIDs, active flight plan waypoints, user-created waypoints, state/provincialboundaries, rivers/lakes and cities: rotate the small right knob ( a) to select the appropri-ate Group name (per the chart on the previous page) and press E.  Use the large rightknob ( d) to highlight the zoom field for the desired feature and rotate the small right knob( a) to select the maximum scale at which the feature should appear on screen.  Or selectOff to never display the selected feature.  Press Eto accept the selected option. Next,rotate the large right knob ( d) to highlight the text field for the desired feature and rotatethe small right knob ( a) to select the desired text size, or select None to disable textdescriptions.  Press Eto accept the selected option.6. For airspace boundaries, highways, roads, railroad lines, track log data, active flight plancourse lines, and lat/long grid lines: rotate the small right knob ( a) to select the appropri-ate Group name (per the chart on the previous page) and press E.  Use the large rightknob ( d) to highlight the zoom field for the desired feature and rotate the small right knob( a) to select the maximum scale at which the feature should appear on screen.  Or selectOff to never display the selected feature.  Press Eto accept the selected option.NAV PAGESMap Page Options2430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 36
NAV PAGESMap Page Options 237Distance MeasurementsThe “Measure Dist?” option provides a quick, easy method for determining thebearing and distance between any two points on the map display.To measure bearing and distance between two points:1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Measure Dist? and press E. An on-screen reference pointer will appear on the map display at your present position.2. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to place the reference pointer at the loca-tion you wish to measure FROM and press E.3. Again, use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to place the reference pointer atthe location you wish to measure TO. The bearing and distance from the first referencelocation will appear at the top of the map display.4. To exit the Measure Dist? option, press the small right knob (r).Selecting Full Screen MapThe “Data Fields Off?” option provides a full-screen map display (shown bottomright), without the four data fields along the right-hand side of the screen. Select thisoption when you wish to display a larger map area. If this option has been selectedand the data fields are off, “Data Fields On?” will appear as an option instead.To turn the data fields off (or on), rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight“Data Fields Off?” (or “Data Fields On?”) and press E.Selecting Desired On-Screen Data“Change Fields?” allows you to choose the data displayed on the four user-selec-table data fields along the right-hand side of the map page. There are fourteen avail-able data types, including bearing to destination, distance to destination, estimatedtime of arrival, ground speed, minimum safe altitude and track. See pages 171 and175 for descriptions of these (and other) navigation terms.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 37
PROCEDURESApproach Examples538To change a data field:1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Change Fields? and press E.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the data field you wish to change.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the type of data you want to appear on thisfield and press E.4. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the cursor.Restoring Factory Settings“Restore Defaults?” resets all four user-selectable data fields to their original fac-tory default settings.To restore the factory default settings, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight“Restore Defaults?” (see bottom left) and press E.NAV PAGESMap Page Options2NOTEThe on-screen traffic information will occupy two data fields, leavingroom to display only two additional data types. Traffic information isonly available when the GNS 430 installation includes connection totraffic information sources. See 400 Series Pilot’s Guide Addendum, part number 190-00140-10.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 38
NAV PAGESNAVCOM Page 239NAVCOM PageThe third NAV page is the NAVCOM (navigation communications) page. TheNAVCOM page provides a list of the airport communication and navigation fre-quencies at your departure, enroute and arrival airports. The NAVCOM page makesselection of the frequencies you’ll need along your flight plan quick and convenient.If you do not have an active flight plan with a departure airport, the NAVCOM pagewill display the frequencies for the airport nearest your departure position.To select a frequency list for a departure, enroute or arrival airport:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to place the cursor on the airport identifier field (top lineon the NAVCOM page).3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired airport and press E.To scroll through the list of frequencies:1. Activate the cursor, if not already active, by pressing the small right knob (r).{continued}AssignedFrequency andUsage Information(when applicable)Departure,Enroute orArrival AirportFrequencyType Third Pagein NAV group430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 39
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5402a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to move the cursor through the list of frequencies. Ifthere are more frequencies in the list that can be displayed on the screen, a scroll baralong the right-hand side of the screen will indicate which part of the list is currentlybeing displayed.3a. To place a frequency in the standby field of the COM or VLOC window, highlight thedesired frequency and press E.Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage, as follows:“TX” - transmit only “RX” - receive only“PT” - part time frequencyIf a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions, the frequency will bepreceded by an “Info?” designation.To view usage restrictions for a frequency:1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to place the cursor on the Info? designation directly infront of the desired frequency.2b. Press Eto display the restriction information.3b. To return to the NAVCOM page, press E.NAV PAGESNAVCOM Page2baa}scroll bar430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 40
2NAV PAGESPosition Page41Position PageThe position page (the fourth NAV page) displays your present position (bydefault, in latitude and longitude) and altitude. The position page also displays yourcurrent track, ground speed, time and a reference waypoint field. These fields areuser-selectable to configure the page to your own preferences and current naviga-tion needs.The graphic “track” indicator at the top of the page indicates the directionyou’re heading, or track, only while you’re moving. Directly below are three user-selectable fields, which by default, display track, ground speed and altitude.Barometric pressure (BARO) settings and minimum safe altitude (MSA) can also bedisplayed on these fields. MSA is the recommended minimum altitude withinapproximately ten miles of your present position. MSA is calculated from the infor-mation contained in the database and generally includes mountains, buildings andother permanent features. User-selectableData FieldsGraphic “Track”IndicatorPresentPositionFourth Pagein NAV groupReferenceWaypoint FieldsNOTEDo not rely solely on MSA as an absolute measure of safe altitude.Consult current charts and NOTAMs for your area.aaThe graphic “track” indicator and the TRKindication directly below it provide the sameinformation. Use the graphic “track” indicatorfor quick at-a-glance ground track information.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 41
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5To change the user-selectable data fields:1. Press mto display the position page options menu.2a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Change Fields? and press E.3a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the data field you wish to change.4a. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display the list of available data items. Continue rotatingthe small right knob (a) to select the desired data item from the list.5. Press Eto select the desired data item and return to the position page.6. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to remove the cursor from the page.The position page also features a reference waypoint field, located at the bottom ofthe page, to indicate your bearing and distance to/from a selected waypoint. The refer-ence waypoint field can display bearing and distance information for a nearby airport(default), VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.To change the reference waypoint information:1. Press mto display the position page options menu.2b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Change Fields? and press E.3b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the waypoint type field (bottom left corner ofthe page; default setting will show APT).4b. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display the list of available waypoint types. Continuerotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired data item from the list.5. Press Eto select the desired type and return to the position page.{continued}42NAV PAGESPosition Page2bbb430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 42
2NAV PAGESPosition Page436. To select between bearing FROM or bearing TO to the reference waypoint, rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select the desired bearing reference and press E.7. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to remove the cursor from the page.8. If WPT is selected as the waypoint type, you can designate any airport, NAVAID or userwaypoint as a reference waypoint.  Press the small right knob (r), rotate the large rightknob (d) to highlight the waypoint identifier field, then use the small (a) and large(d) right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired waypoint.  Press Eto confirmthe selected waypoints.  Press the small right knob (r) to remove the cursor.Restoring Factory SettingsA “Restore Defaults?” option allows you to reset all data fields to their originalfactory default settings.  This will return the three user-selectable fields at the top ofthe page AND the reference waypoint fields to default settings.To restore the factory default settings:1. Press mto display the position page options menu.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Restore Defaults? and press E.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 43
PROCEDURESApproach Examples544Satellite Status PageThe satellite status page (the fifth NAV page) provides a visual reference of GPSreceiver functions, including current satellite coverage, GPS receiver status andposition accuracy. The satellite status page is helpful in troubleshooting weak (ormissing) signal levels due to poor satellite coverage or installation problems.As the GPS receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar will appear foreach satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite number (01-32) underneatheach bar. The progress of satellite acquisition is shown in three stages:• No signal strength bars— the receiver is looking for the satellites indicated.• Hollow signal strength bars— the receiver has found the satellite(s) and is col-lecting data (see illustration at center left).• Solid signal strength bars— the receiver has collected the necessary data andthe satellite(s) is ready for use (see illustration at bottom left).The sky view display (at top left corner of the page) shows which satellites arecurrently in view, and where they are. The outer circle of the sky view representsthe horizon (with north at top of the page); the inner circle 45° above the horizon;and the center point directly overhead.NAV PAGESSatellite Status PageGPS ReceiverStatusSky ViewSignalStrength BarsFifth Pagein NAV groupSatelliteNumbersEstimatedPosition Error(EPE) and DOP2430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 44
NAV PAGESSatellite Status Page 245Each satellite has a 30-second data transmission that must be collected (hollowsignal strength bar) before the satellite may be used for navigation (solid signalstrength bar). Once the GPS receiver has determined your position, the GNS 430will indicate your position, track and ground speed on the other navigation pages.The GPS receiver status field (see preceding page) will also display the followingmessages under the appropriate conditions:• Searching Sky— The GPS receiver is searching the sky for ANY visible satel-lites. You will also be informed of this status with a“Searching the Sky” message.• Acquiring Sat— The GPS receiver is acquiring satellites for navigation. In thismode, the receiver uses satellite orbital data (collected contin-uously from the satellites) and last known position to deter-mine which satellites should be in view.• 2D Navigation— The GPS receiver is in 2D navigation mode. Altitude datawill be provided by an altitude serializer. • 3D Navigation— The GPS receiver is in 3D navigation mode and will computealtitude using satellite data. • Poor Coverg— The GPS receiver cannot acquire sufficient satellites for navigation.• Rcvr Not Usbl— The GPS receiver is unusable due to incorrect initialization orabnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and on again.• AutoLocate— The GPS receiver is looking for any available satellite. Thisprocess can take up to five minutes to determine a position.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 45
PROCEDURESApproach Examples546The satellite status page also indicates the accuracy of the position fix, usingEstimated Position Error (EPE) and Dilution of Precision (DOP) figures. DOPmeasures satellite geometry quality (i.e., number of satellites received and wherethey are relative to each other) on a scale from one to ten. The lowest numbers arethe best accuracy and the highest numbers are the worst. EPE uses DOP and otherfactors to calculate a horizontal position error, in feet or meters.Vertical Navigation PageThe GNS 430’s vertical navigation page (the last NAV page) allows you to createa three-dimensional profile which guides you from your present position and altitude to a final (target) altitude at a specified location. This is helpful when you’dlike to descend to a certain altitude near an airport or climb to an altitude beforereaching a route or direct-to waypoint. Once the profile is defined, message alertsand additional data on the default NAV and map pages will keep you informed ofyour progress.NAV PAGESVertical Navigation(VNAV)Altitude Reference(AGL or MSL)Target AltitudeTargetDistanceSixth Pagein NAV groupVertical SpeedDesiredTarget ReferenceNOTETo use the vertical navigation features, your ground speed must begreater than 35 knots and you must be navigating to a direct-to destination or using a flight plan.2Vertical SpeedRequired430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 46
2NAV PAGESVertical Navigation(VNAV)47To create a vertical navigation profile:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the target altitude field.3. Rotate the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to select the target altitude and press E.4. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select Above Wpt (AGL) or MSL, and pressE.  Above Wpt will use the altitude of a destination airport as stored in theJeppesen NavData card.  MSL lets you set a specific target altitude for any waypointcategory: airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.5. Rotate the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to select a distance from the targetreference waypoint and press E.  If the target altitude should occur at the target reference waypoint, enter a distance of zero.6. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select Before or After, and press E.  Thissetting designates whether the offset distance defines a point before you reach the target reference waypoint or after you reach the waypoint.7. When using a flight plan, the target reference waypoint itself can be specified from thewaypoints contained in the flight plan.  By default, the last waypoint in the flight plan willbe selected.  To select a different waypoint, rotate the small right knob (a) to selectthe desired waypoint and press E.{continued}VERTICAL NAVIGATION PROFILEVERTICAL SPEED REQUIREDDISTANCE TO TARGETTIME AND DISTANCE        TO PROFILETARGET ALTITUDE   AND POSITIONAIRPORTCURRENT ALTITUDE   AND POSITION430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 47
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5488. The default profile utilizes a 400 foot-per-minute descent rate.  To change the rate, rotatethe large right knob (d) to highlight the VS Profile field and use the small (a) andlarge (d) right knobs to enter a new rate. Press Ewhen finished.With the profile set, the vertical speed required (VSR) is displayed on the verti-cal navigation page. Expect the following to occur when using the vertical naviga-tion feature:• At one minute prior to reaching the initial descent point, a message“Approaching VNAV Profile” occurs. The descent (or climb) angle will alsolock to prevent changes in speed from altering the profile.• If selected, the vertical speed required (VSR) readout on the default NAV andmap pages will show the desired vertical speed to maintain the proper descent(or climb) angle.• At 500 feet above (or below, for a climb) the target altitude, an “ApproachingTarget Altitude” message is provided. The VSR readout on the default NAVand map pages is blanked out, at this point.Vertical navigation messages can be turned on or off. (By default the messagesare off.) Turning the messages off allows you to keep the profile settings you’veentered previously, without having them generate messages when the feature isn’tneeded.To disable/enable the vertical navigation (VNAV) messages:1. Press mto display the vertical navigation page options menu.2. With VNAV Messages On? highlighted, press E.  Or, if the messages are alreadyon and you wish to turn them off, make sure VNAV Messages Off? is highlighted andpress E.NAV PAGESVertical Navigation(VNAV)2GPS accuracy may be degraded by the U.S.Department of Defense-imposed SelectiveAvailability (SA) program. With “SA” on, GPSaltitude may be in error by several hundredmeters. Errors of this magnitude may result influctuations in the VSR readout on the defaultNAV page.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 48
DIRECT-TOSelecting aDestination 3Section 3 Direct-To NavigationThe GNS 430’s direct-to function provides a quick method of setting a course toa destination waypoint. Once a direct-to is activated, the GNS 430 will establish apoint-to-point course line (great circle) from your present position to the selecteddirect-to destination. Navigation data on the various NAV pages will provide steer-ing guidance until the direct-to is cancelled or replaced by a new destination.To select a direct-to destination:1a. Press the Dkey. The select direct-to waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identifier field highlighted.2. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired destination waypoint.3. Press Eto confirm the selected waypoint, and Eto activate the direct-to function.If you’re navigating to a waypoint and get off course, the direct-to function mayalso be used to re-center the CDI (HSI) needle and proceed to the same waypoint.To re-center the CDI (HSI) needle to the same destination waypoint:1b. Press the Dkey, followed by Etwice.49NOTEIf you’re navigating an approach with the missed approach point(MAP) as the current destination, re-centering the CDI (HSI) needlewith the Dkey will cancel the approach.a430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 49
Selecting a Destination by Facility Name or CityIn addition to selecting a destination by identifier, the select direct-to waypointpage also allows you to select airports, VORs and NDBs by facility name or citylocation.  If duplicate entries exist for the entered facility name or city, additionalentries may be viewed by continuing to rotate the small right knob (a) during theselection process. (See page 96 for more information on duplicate waypoints.)To select a direct-to destination by facility name or city:1. Press the Dkey.  The select direct-to waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identifier field highlighted.2. Rotate the large (d) right knob to highlight the facility name (second line; see above)or the city (third line; see above) field.3. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the facility name or city locationof the desired destination waypoint.  As you spell the facility name or city, the GNS 430sSpellNFind feature will select the first entry in the database based upon the charactersyou have entered up to that point.4. Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to scroll through any additional databaselistings for the selected facility name or city.  You can also scroll backwards with thesmall right knob (b) if you scroll past the desired waypoint.5. Press Eto confirm the selected waypoint, and Eto activate the direct-to function.50DIRECT-TOSelecting by Facility or City3Facility NameIdentifier, Symboland RegionFlight PlanFieldCityNearest AirportFieldTo select the direct-to destination by facilityname (shown above) or city location (shownbelow), highlight the second or third line on thedirect-to waypoint page. Use the small (a)and large (d) right knobs to enter the facilityname or city. The identifier(s) for any matchingentries will appear on the top line of the page.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 50
Selecting a Destination from the Active Flight PlanIf you’re navigating an active flight plan, any waypoint contained in the flightplan may be selected as a direct-to destination from the select direct-to waypointpage.  (See section 4, beginning on page 54, for more information on flight plans.)To select a direct-to destination from the active flight plan:1. Press the Dkey. The select direct-to waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identifier field highlighted.2a. Rotate the large (d) right knob to highlight the flight plan (FPL) field.3a. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window showing all waypoints in the activeflight plan.4. Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to scroll through the list and highlight thedesired waypoint.5. Press Eto confirm the selected waypoint, and Eto activate the direct-to function.Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct-To DestinationThe select direct-to waypoint page always displays the nearest airports (fromyour present position) on the NRST field.  Navigating directly to a nearby airport isalways just a few simple steps away.  (Nearby airports may also be selected as direct-to destinations using the steps described on page 121.)To select a nearby airport as a direct-to destination:1. Press the Dkey.  The select direct-to waypoint page will appear, with the waypoint identifier field highlighted.2b. Rotate the large (d) right knob to highlight the nearest airport (NRST) field.3b. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window showing up to nine nearby airports.4. Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to scroll through the list and highlight thedesired airport.5. Press Eto confirm the selected airport, and Eto activate the direct-to function. 51baaDIRECT-TOFlight Plan Waypoints Nearest Airports 3430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 51
PROCEDURESApproach Examples552ShortcutsShortcuts are available when using the Dkey, allowing you to bypass the useof the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the destination waypoint’s iden-tifier. A direct-to can be performed from any page displaying a single waypoint iden-tifier (such as the WPT pages for airports and navaids) by simply pressing DandE. For pages that display a list of waypoints (e.g., the nearest airport page), youmust highlight the desired waypoint with the cursor before pressing the Dkey. To select an on-screen waypoint as a direct-to destination:1a. If a single airport, navaid or user waypoint is displayed on-screen: press  D, thenpress Etwice.2a. If a list of waypoints is displayed on-screen: press the small right knob (r) to activatethe cursor, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the desired waypoint, then pressDfollowed by Etwice.Direct-to destinations may also be selected from the map page, by panning to thedesired destination location and pressing Dand E(twice). If no airport, navaidor user waypoint exists at the desired location, a waypoint named “+MAP” willautomatically be created at the location of the panning pointer.To select a direct-to destination from the map page:1b. From the map page, press the small right knob (r) to display a panning pointer.2b. Rotate the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to place the panning pointer at thedesired destination location.3. If the panning pointer is placed on an existing airport, navaid or user waypoint, the way-point name will be highlighted. Press Dand Etwice to navigate to the waypoint.4. If the panning pointer is placed on an open location, press Dand Etwice to create a MAP waypoint and navigate to it.DIRECT-TODirect-ToShortcuts3baa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 52
3DIRECT TOCancelling &Manual CourseCancelling Direct-To NavigationOnce a direct-to is activated, the GNS 430 will provide navigation guidance tothe selected destination until the direct-to is replaced with a new direct-to or flightplan, cancelled, or the unit is turned off.To cancel a direct-to:1. Press the Dkey to display the select direct-to waypoint page.2a. Press mto display the direct-to options menu.3a. With Cancel Direct-To NAV? highlighted, press E. If a flight plan is still active, theGNS 430 will resume navigating the flight plan along the closest leg.Specifying a Course to a WaypointWhenever you perform a direct-to, the GNS 430 will set a direct great circlecourse to your selected destination. You can also manually define the course to yourdestination, using the “CRS” course field on the select direct-to waypoint page.To manually define the direct-to course:1. Press the Dkey.2b. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to select the destination waypoint.3b. Press Eto confirm the selected waypoint, then rotate the large right knob (d) tohighlight the course (CRS) field.4. Rotate the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to select the desired course and pressE.5. Press Eagain to begin navigation using the selected destination and course.6. To reselect a direct course from present position (or select a new manually-definedcourse), simply press D, followed by Etwice.53baa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 53
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Section 4 Flight PlansThe GNS 430 lets you create up to 20 different flight plans, with up to 31 waypointsin each flight plan.  The flight plan page group consists of two pages, accessed by press-ing theFkey.  The flight plan pages allow you to create, edit and copy flight plans.Flight Plan CatalogThe flight plan catalog allows you to create, edit, activate, delete and copy flightplans.  Flight plans numbered from 1 through 19 are used to save flight plans forfuture use. “Flight plan 0” is reserved exclusively for the flight plan currently in usefor navigation. Any time you activate a flight plan, a copy of the flight plan is automat-ically transferred to “flight plan 0” and overwrites any previously active flight plan.To create a new flight plan:1. Press Fand rotate the small right knob (a) to display the flight plan catalog.2. Press mto display the flight plan catalog options.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Create New Flight Plan? and press E.4. A blank flight plan page will appear for the first empty storage location.  Use the small(a)and large(d) right knobs to enter the identifier of the departure waypoint and pressE.5. Repeat step #3 above to enter the identifier for each additional flight plan waypoint.6. Once all waypoints have been entered, press the small right knob (r) to return to theflight plan catalog.54FLIGHT PLANSCreating Flight PlansActive Flight Plan Flight Plan Catalog4430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 54
FLIGHT PLANSEditing Flight Plans 4Flight Plan EditingTo add a waypoint to an existing flight plan:1. Press Fand rotate the small right knob (a) to display the flight plan catalog.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the desired flight plan and press E.4a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the point where you wish to add the new way-point. If an existing waypoint is highlighted, the new waypoint will be placed directly infront of this waypoint.5a. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the identifier of the new way-point and press E.6. Once all changes have been made, press the small right knob (r) to return to the flightplan catalog.To delete a waypoint from an existing flight plan:1. Press Fand rotate the small right knob (a) to display the flight plan catalog.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the desired flight plan and press E.4b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the waypoint you wish to delete and presscto display a remove waypoint confirmation window.5b. With Yes highlighted, press Eto remove the waypoint.6. Once all changes have been made, press the small right knob (r) to return to the flightplan catalog.A one-line user comment may be added to any flight plan, which will be dis-played on the flight plan catalog, next to the flight plan’s number.  By default, as theflight plan is being created, the comment will show the first and last waypoints inthe flight plan. 55aaa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 55
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5To change the comment line for an existing flight plan:1. From the flight plan catalog, press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the desired flight plan and press E.3a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the comment line at the top of the screen.4. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the new comment. Press Ewhen finished.5. Once all changes have been made, press the small right knob (r) to return to the flightplan catalog.Activating Flight PlansOnce a flight plan is defined through the flight plan catalog (using the steps pre-viously outlined), it may be activated for navigation. Activating the flight plan placesit into “flight plan 0” and overwrites any previous information at that location.To activate an existing flight plan:1. From the flight plan catalog, press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob to highlight the desired flight plan and press mto displaythe flight plan catalog options.3b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Activate Flight Plan? and press E.Inverting Flight PlansAfter travelling along a flight plan, you may wish to reverse the route for naviga-tion guidance back to your original departure point.To activate an existing flight plan in reverse order:1. From the flight plan catalog, press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob to highlight the desired flight plan and press mto displaythe flight plan catalog options.3c. Rotate the large right knob to highlight Invert & Activate FPL? and press E. Theoriginal flight plan will remain intact in its flight plan catalog storage location.56FLIGHT PLANSActivating/InvertingFlight Plans4cb430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 56
4FLIGHT PLANSCopying/Deleting Flight PlansCopying Flight PlansIf you want to save a flight plan currently located in “flight plan 0”, be sure tocopy it to an open catalog location (1-19) before the flight plan is cancelled, overwrit-ten or erased.To copy a flight plan to another flight plan catalog location:1a. From the active flight plan page, pressmto display the active flight plan options window.2a. From the flight plan catalog, press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor, rotatethe large right knob (d) to highlight the flight plan you wish to copy, then press mtodisplay the flight plan catalog options.3a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Copy Flight Plan? and press E. 4. By default, the next empty catalog location will be offered. To select a different location,rotate the large right knob (d) to select the flight plan number, use the small (a) andlarge (d) right knobs to enter a different number and press E.5. With Yes? highlighted, press Eto copy the flight plan.Deleting Flight PlansOnce you are finished with a flight plan, it can easily be deleted from the flightplan catalog or the active flight plan page.To delete a flight plan:1b. From the active flight plan page, pressmto display the active flight plan options window.2b. From the flight plan catalog, press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor, rotatethe large right knob (d) to highlight the flight plan you wish to copy, then press mtodisplay the flight plan catalog options.3b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Delete Flight Plan? and press E. 4. With Yes? highlighted, press Eto delete the flight plan.57bbaaaa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 57
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Flight Plan Catalog OptionsThe following options (some covered on the preceding pages) are available forthe flight plan catalog:Activate Flight Plan? allows you to select the flight plan for navigation guid-ance, as described on page 56.Invert & Activate FPL? allows you to reverse the highlighted flight plan andselect it for navigation guidance, as described on page 56.Create New Flight Plan? allows you to create a new flight plan, as described on page 54.Crossfill? allows you to transfer a direct-to destination, the active flight plan,any stored flight plan or user waypoints to a second 400-Series or 500-SeriesGARMIN unit. Some crossfill operations can be done automatically. If bothunits are set to “auto”, a change in the direct-to destination or active flight planon one unit will also be seen on the other.To crossfill flight plans between two 400- or 500-Series GARMIN units:1. Select the Crossfill? option from the flight plan catalog options and press E.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the Method field.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select Auto or Manual and press E. Autowill automatically transfer the active flight plan or direct-to selection to another 400- or500-series GARMIN unit, without user intervention.4. If Manual is selected: Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the Transfer field,then rotate the small right knob (a) to select the type of information to transferbetween units (active flight plan, flight plan, all user waypoints or a single user waypoint).When Flight Plan or User Waypoint is selected, a second field will appear to theimmediate right of the Transfer field. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs toenter the number of the flight plan or the name of the user waypoint you wish to transfer.5. The Cross-Side field allows you to designate the sending and receiving units in acrossfill operation. Rotate the large right knob to select the Cross-Side field, then rotatethe small right knob (a), to select To or From. Press Eto confirm the selection.6. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Initiate Transfer? and press E.58FLIGHT PLANSFlight Plan Catalog Options4430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 58
FLIGHT PLANSActive Flight Plan 4Copy Flight Plan? allows you to copy the selected flight plan to a new flightplan location, as described on page 57. The copy function is useful for duplicat-ing an existing flight plan before making changes.Delete Flight Plan? allows you to remove the selected flight plan from memory, asdescribed on page 57. Deleting a flight plan does not delete the individual way-points contained in the flight plan from the database or user waypoint memory.Delete All Flight Plans? allows you to remove all flight plans from memory.To delete all flight plans:1a. Select the Delete All Flight Plans? option from the flight plan catalog options and press E.2. A confirmation window will appear. With Yes? highlighted, press  E.Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment? allows you to select between aflight plan catalog sorted numerically by the flight plan number or sortedalphanumerically based upon the comment assigned to each flight plan. Wheneither option is selected, the other option will appear on the flight plan catalogoptions window.To sort the catalog listing by number or comment:1b. Select the Sort List By Number? or Sort List By Comment? option (whichever is cur-rently displayed) from the flight plan catalog options and press E.Active Flight PlanThe active flight plan page provides information and editing functions for “flightplan 0”— the flight plan currently in use for navigation.  Once you have activated adirect-to or flight plan, the active flight plan page will show each waypoint for theflight plan (or a single waypoint for a direct-to), along with the desired track (DTK)and distance (DIS) for each leg. The data fields for DTK and DIS are user-selectableand may be changed to display cumulative distance (CUM) to each waypoint, estimat-ed time of arrival (ETA), estimated time enroute (ETE) or enroute safe altitude (ESA).59ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 59
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5To change a data field on the active flight plan page:1. With the active flight plan page displayed, press mto display the active flight planpage options window.2a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Change Fields? and press E.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the field you wish to change.4. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired data item and press E.5. Press the small right knob  (r) to remove the cursor.To restore factory default settings for data fields on the active flight plan page:1. With the active flight plan page displayed, press mto display the active flight planpage options window.2b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Restore Defaults? and press E.Active Flight Plan OptionsThe following options (some covered on the preceding pages) are available forthe flight plan catalog:Activate Leg?activates/reactivates the flight plan and selects the highlighted legas the “active leg” (the leg which will currently be used for navigation guidance).To activate a flight plan along a specific leg:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor and rotate the large right knob(d) to highlight the desired destination waypoint.2c. Select the Activate Leg? option from the active flight plan page options and pressE.3. A confirmation window will appear. With Activate? highlighted, press E.Crossfill? allows you to transfer the active flight plan between two 400- or 500-series GARMIN units in a dual unit installation.  See pages 58 and 142 for additional information on this feature.60FLIGHT PLANSActive FlightPlan Options4ca430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 60
Copy Flight Plan? copies the active flight plan to a flight plan catalog location,as described on page 57.  The copy function is useful for duplicating the activeflight plan before making changes.Invert Flight Plan? reverses the active flight plan. See description of “Invert &Activate FPL” option on page 56.Delete Flight Plan?allows you to remove all waypoints from the selected flightplan, as described on page 57.  Deleting a flight plan does not delete the way-points contained in the flight plan from the database or user waypoint memory.Select Approach? allows you to select a published instrument approach for thedestination airport, or replace the current approach with a new selection.  (Inmany cases, you’ll find it more convenient to select approaches using the Pkey—as described on page 66.)To select an approach for a direct-to or flight plan destination airport:1. Choose the Select Approach? option from the active flight plan page options and pressE.2. A window will appear listing the available approaches for your destination airport. Rotatethe small right knob (a) to highlight the desired approach and press E.3. A second window will appear listing available transitions for the approach. Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press E. (TheVectors option assumes you will receive vectors to the final course segment of theapproach and will provide navigation guidance to intercept this final course.)4. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Load? or Activate? and press E.Load? will add the approach to the flight plan without immediately using the approachfor navigation guidance. This allows you to continue navigating the original flight planuntil cleared for the approachbut, keeps the approach available for quick activationwhen needed. 5. For precision approaches, a reminder window will appear indicating that GPS guidanceon such approaches is strictly for monitoring only. To confirm this reminder, highlightYes? and press E.FLIGHT PLANSActive FlightPlan Options 461430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 61
Select Arrival? allows you to select a published standard terminal arrival route(STAR) for the destination airport, or replace the current arrival with a newselection. (See page 66 for information on selecting arrivals using the Pkey.)To select an arrival for a direct-to or flight plan destination airport:1a. Select the Select Arrival? option from the active flight plan page options and pressE.2a. A window will appear listing the available arrivals for your destination airport. Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select the desired arrival and press E.3a. A second window will appear listing available transitions for the arrival. Rotate the smallright knob (a) to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press E.4. With Load? highlighted, press E.Select Departure? allows you to select a published standard instrument depar-ture (SID) for the departure airport, or replace the current departure with anew selection. When using a direct-to, the GNS 430 will use the nearest airportas a reference when displaying available departures. See page 66 for informationon selecting departures using the Pkey.To select a departure for the departure airport:1b. Select the Select Departure? option from the active flight plan page options and pressE.2b. A window will appear listing the available departures for your departure airport. Rotatethe small right knob (a) to select the desired departure and press E.3b. A second window will appear listing available transitions for the departure. Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press E.4. With Load? highlighted, press E.PROCEDURESApproach Examples562FLIGHT PLANSActive FlightPlan Options4aaa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 62
FLIGHT PLANSActive FlightPlan Options 4Remove Approach? deletes the currently selected approach from the active flight plan.Remove Arrival? deletes the current STAR from the active flight plan.Remove Departure? deletes the current SID from the active flight plan.To remove an approach, arrival or departure from the active flight plan:1a. Select the Remove Approach?, Remove Arrival? or Remove Departure? option fromthe active flight plan page options and press E.2. A confirmation window will appear listing the procedure you are about to remove. WithYes? highlighted, press E.Closest Point of FPL? calculates the bearing and closest distance that a flightplan will pass from a reference waypoint. May also be used to create a new userwaypoint along the flight plan at the location closest to the reference waypoint.To determine the closest point, along the active flight plan, to a selected waypoint:1b. Select the Closest Point of FPL? option from the active flight plan page options andpress E.2. A window will appear with the reference waypoint field highlighted. Use the small (a)and large(d) right knobs to enter the identifier of the reference waypoint and pressE.3. A confirmation window will appear for the selected reference waypoint. Press Etoaccept the waypoint.4. The GNS 430 will display the bearing (BRG) and distance (DIST) to the closest pointalong the flight plan, from the selected reference waypoint.To create a user waypoint atthis location and add it to the flight plan, highlight Load? and press E. The name forthe new user waypoint will be derived from the identifier of the reference waypoint.Change Fields? allows you to select the desired data items to display on theactive flight plan page, as described on page 60.Restore Defaults? returns the data items to factory defaults. See page 60. 63ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 63
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5ShortcutsA number of shortcuts are available to save time when using the active flightplan page. These shortcuts speed the process of removing approaches, departuresand arrivals, and aid in selecting a specific flight plan leg for navigation guidance.On the preceding page, options to remove approaches, departures and arrivalswere introduced. This process may also be completed using the ckey, asdescribed below and illustrated at left.To remove an approach, departure or arrival using the ckey:1. With the active flight plan page displayed, press the small right knob (r) to activate thecursor.2a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the title for the approach, departure orarrival you wish to delete. Titles will appear in light blue directly above the procedureswaypoints.3a. Press cto display a confirmation window.4. With Yes? highlighted, press Eto remove the selected procedure.This same process may also be used to remove individual waypoints from theactive flight plan.To remove a waypoint using the ckey:1. With the active flight plan page displayed, press the small right knob (r) to activate thecursor.2b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the identifier for the waypoint you wish todelete. Identifiers will appear in green text.3b. Press cto display a confirmation window.4. With Yes? highlighted, press Eto remove the selected procedure.64FLIGHT PLANSActive FlightPlan Editing4baa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 64
4FLIGHT PLANSActive Flight Plan Leg SelectionOn page 60 the “Activate Leg?” option is discussed, which allows you to specifywhich leg of the flight plan will currently be used for navigation guidance. A shortcutalso exists for this operation, using the Dkey.To activate a specific leg of the active flight plan:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor and rotate the large right knob (d) tohighlight the desired destination waypoint.2a. Press Dtwice to display an Activate Leg confirmation window.3. With Activate? highlighted, press E.When using instrument procedures, this feature can be used not only to activate aspecific point-to-point leg, but to also activate the procedure turn portion of anapproach, follow a DME arc or activate a holding pattern.Any approach, departure or arrival can be reviewed on the appropriate airport pagein the Waypoint page group.  See page 94.To review a procedure while viewing a flight plan page:1. With a flight plan page displayed, press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the procedure header and press Eto selectthe WPT page group.65ab430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 65
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Section 5Approaches, Departures & ArrivalsThe GNS 430 allows you to fly non-precision and precision approaches to airportswith published instrument approach procedures.  All available approaches are storedon your Jeppesen NavData® card, and are automatically updated when you replacethe card with a new one.  Subscription information for NavData cards is included inyour GNS 430 package.The procedures page (shown at top left) is displayed by pressing the Pkey.  Theprocedures page provides direct access to approaches, departures and arrivals—basedupon the active flight plan or direct-to destination.  In either case, the departure anddestination airports must have published procedures associated with them.To select an approach, departure or arrival:1. Press the Pkey to display the procedures page.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Select Approach?, Select Departure? orSelect Arrival? and press E.3. A window will appear listing the available procedures.  Rotate the large right knob (d) tohighlight the desired procedure and press E.  (When a direct-to destination is selected,departures are offered for the nearest airport.)4. A second window will appear listing the available transitions.  Rotate the large right knob(d) to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press E.  (The approach Vectorsoption assumes you will receive vectors to the final course segment of the approach and willprovide navigation guidance relative to the final approach course.)5. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Load? or Activate? (approaches only) andpress E. (Load? will add the procedure to the flight plan without immediately using it fornavigation guidance. This allows you to continue navigating the original flight plan, but keepsthe procedure available on the active flight plan page for quick activation when needed.)6. For precision approaches and some non-precision approaches, a reminder window willappear indicating that GPS guidance on such approaches is strictly for monitoring only use the VLOC receivers and external CDI (or HSI) for primary navigation.  To confirm thisreminder, highlight Yes? and press E.66PROCEDURESApproaches,Departures & Arrivals5430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 66
PROCEDURESActivatingApproaches 5Not all approaches in the database are approved for GPS use. Asyou select an approach, a “GPS” designation to the right of theprocedure name indicates the procedure can be flown using theGPS receiver. Some procedures will not have this designation,meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance only.ILS approaches, for example, must be flown by tuning the VLOC receiver to theproper frequency and coupling the VLOC receiver to the external CDI (or HSI).Once an approach is selected, it may be activated for navigation from the proce-dures page. Activating the approach overrides the “enroute” portion of the activeflight plan, proceeding directly to the “approach” portion (for a full approach, directlyto the initial approach fix). Activating the approach also initiates automatic CDI scal-ing transition as the approach progresses.To activate an approach:1. Press the Pkey to display the procedures page.2a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Activate Approach? and press E.Another procedures page option allows you to activate the final course segment ofthe approach. This option assumes you will receive vectors to the final approach fix(FAF) and guides you to intercept the final course, before reaching the FAF.To activate the approach, with vectors to final:1. Press the Pkey to display the procedures page.2b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Activate Vector-To-Final? and press E.In many cases, it may be easiest to “Load” the full approach while still some dis-tance away, enroute to the destination airport. Later, if vectored to final, use the stepsabove to select “Activate Vector-To-Final”—which makes the inbound course to theFAF waypoint active. Otherwise, activate the full approach using the “ActivateApproach?” option.67ba5430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 67
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Basic Approach OperationsThe GNS 430 provides non-precision approach guidance using its built-in GPSreceiver. The GPS receiver can also be used as a supplemental aid for precisionapproaches, but the localizer and glideslope receivers MUST be used for primaryapproach course guidance.Approaches designed specifically for GPS are often very simple and don’trequire overflying a VOR or NDB. Currently, many non-precision approaches have“GPS overlays” to let you fly an existing procedure (VOR, VOR/DME, NDB,RNAV, etc.) more accurately using GPS. To date, there are over 2,400 GPS-onlyapproaches and over 2,900 GPS overlay approaches.Many overlay approaches are complex (in comparison to GPS-only approaches).The GNS 430 displays and guides you through each leg of the approach—automati-cally sequencing through each of these legs, up to the missed approach point(MAP). Approaches may be flown “as published” with the full transition — usingany published feeder route or initial approach fix (IAF) — or may be flown with a vectors-to-final transition.Approach operations on the GNS 430 will typically begin with the same basicsteps:1. Select the destination airport using the Dkey, or as the last waypoint in the active flight plan.2. Choose the Select Approach? option from the procedures page (see page 66) or from the activeflight plan options (see page 61).3. Load the approach (often while enroute) in anticipation of its future use. This places theapproach in the active flight plan, but retains course guidance in the enroute section until theapproach is activated.4. Activate the full approach or vectors-to-final, as appropriate. In some scenarios, you may find itmore convenient to immediately activate the approach and skip the Load process outlined abovein step #3. The GNS 430 provides both options.68PROCEDURESBasic ApproachOperationsSelect Destination“Select” and “Load”the approach“Activate” theapproach5430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 68
PROCEDURESProcedure TurnApproach Example 5Approaches with Procedure TurnsThe procedure turn portion of an approach is stored as one of the legs of theapproach. For this reason, the GNS 430 requires no special operations from thepilot — other than flying the procedure turn itself — beyond what is required forany other type of approach.This example uses the VORRunway 03 approach for Lynchburg(Virginia) Regional Airport, KLYH,and assumes a departure fromFrederick (Maryland) MunicipalAirport, KFDK. The steps required toset up and fly the approach aredetailed below:1. Prior to departing KFDK, the destination(KLYH) is selected using the Dkey or bycreating a flight plan terminating atLynchburg Regional.2. While enroute to KLYH, some 40-50 nauticalmiles away, you select the ATIS frequency tomonitor airport conditions and runway usage.This is accomplished by selecting the NAV-COM page (see page 39) and selecting theATIS frequency from the list. This places thefrequency on standby. Use the Wkey tomake the ATIS frequency active.3. From ATIS you learn that runway 03 is in use and plan your approach accordingly. Press thePkey and select the VOR 03 approach using the steps outlined on page 66. From the transitionswindow, select LYH VOR (the IAF). Also, select Load? to load (but not activate) the approach.4. Once you are cleared for the approach, press the Pkey, select Activate Approach? andpress E.69DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATIONLynchburg (VA) RegionalVOR or GPS Rwy 03 5430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 69
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Flying the Procedure Turn1. Within 30 nautical miles of the destina-tion airport, the GNS 430 will switch fromenroute mode to terminal mode (asindicated in the lower left corner of thescreen).  The switch to terminal mode isaccompanied by a gradual CourseDeviation Indicator (CDI) scale transitionfrom 5.0 to 1.0 nautical miles, full scaledeflection.  (See example, top left.)2. Several miles prior to reaching the IAF(LYH), you may wish to review theapproach sequence.  Press the Fkey to display the active flight plan page.Press the small right knob (r), andthen rotate the large right knob (d) toreview each segment of the approach.When finished, press Fagain toreturn to the previous page.3. As you approach the IAF (LYH), a way-point alert (NEXT DTK 205°) willappear in the lower right corner of thescreen.  As the distance (DIS) to the IAFapproaches zero, the alert is replaced bya turn advisory (TURN TO 205°).  Dialthe outbound course of 205° into theCDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob andinitiate a standard rate turn to this courseheading.4. Fly the outbound course, keeping the CDI needle centered.5. Once you have flown approximately one minute past the FAF (LYH), the alert message STARTPROC TRN will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. You may initiate the procedure turnat any time after receiving this alert message. {continued}70PROCEDURESProcedure TurnApproach ExampleDO NOT USE FORNAVIGATION5430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 70
6. Turn left to a heading of 160° to initiate the procedure turn.Course guidance is provided relative to the outbound leg from theFAF. No guidance through the procedure turn itself is given. (Theprocedure turn is displayed on the map page and indicated as theactive leg on the default NAV and active flight plan pages.) TheCDI needle will start moving to the right.7. After approximately one minute, make a 180° right turn to aheading of 340° to intercept the inbound course. The GNS 430will sequence to the inbound leg to the FAF, the CDI needle willswing to the opposite side to provide proper sensing along thefinal course segment and NEXT DTK 025° will appear in thelower right corner of the screen.8. As the CDI needle starts to center, make a right turn to 025°the final approach course.9. Within 2.0 nautical miles of the FAF (LYH), the GNS 430 willswitch from terminal mode to approach mode. CDI scaling willbe tightened from 1.0 to 0.3 nautical mile, full scale deflection.10. As you approach the FAF, a waypoint alert in the lower right corner ('NEXT DTK 026°') will appear. Make any course adjust-ments necessary for the final course segment (FAF to MAP).11. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (RW03, the runway threshold). With theneedle centered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate.12. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert (APPRCHING WPT) will appear in the lower right corner. 13. As you cross the MAP, SUSP will appear above the Okey, indicating that automatic sequenc-ing of approach waypoints will be suspended at the MAP. A from indication will be displayed on theCDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the final approach course will continue. If amissed approach is required, use the Okey to initiate the missed approach sequence, as outlined on the following page.5PROCEDURESProcedure TurnApproach Example71DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATIONNOTEWhen viewing the map page, note that the final course segment is dis-played in magenta (the active leg of the flight plan always appears inmagenta) and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP. Thedashed line is provided for situational awareness only and should NOT beused for navigation. Follow the published missed approach procedures.NOTE430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 71
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Flying the Missed ApproachAfter you pass the MAP, if the runway isn’t in sight you must execute a missedapproach.  The GNS 430continues to give guidancealong an extension of thefinal course segment (FAFto MAP) until you manuallyinitiate the missedapproach procedure (asmentioned previously inreference to the “SUSP”advisory). The Okey isused to initiate the missedapproach, as follows:1. Press the Okey. The missed approach holding point (MAHP; in this case SWARM intersec-tion) is automatically offered as the destination waypoint. 2. Follow the missed approach procedures, as published on your approach plate, for proper climband heading instructions. The GNS 430 will guide you to the holding pattern, along the 053° radialfrom LYH VOR.{continued}72PROCEDURESMissed ApproachExample5NOTEIn some cases, an additional hold waypoint is added to the missedapproach sequence. This additional waypoint is used as an aid inestablishing the holding pattern—especially where the MAP andMAHP are the same waypoint.DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATIONaa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 72
5PROCEDURESApproach with HoldExample3a. An alert message in the lower right hand corner of the screen will recommend entry proceduresfor the holding pattern (i.e., HOLD DIRECT, HOLD PARALLEL, or HOLD TEARDROP). Asyou fly the holding pattern, a timer appears on the default NAV page. The timer automaticallyresets on the outbound side of the hold when you are abeam the hold waypoint. The timer againresets as you turn inbound (within approximately 30° of the inbound course). This allows you touse standard timing (typically one minute) to fly the inbound and outbound legs of the hold.4a. The GNS 430 will provide course guidance only on the inbound side of the holding pattern. Whenleaving the holding pattern to re-fly the approach (or another approach) press the Pkey toSelect Approach? or Activate Approach? as previously described. (Or, use the Dkey toselect another destination.)Flying an Approach with a HoldStarting where the previous example left off, we’ll assume weather conditionsresulted in a missed approach at Lynchburg Regional.  Now, you’ve decided todivert to Farmville Regional (KFVX) instead.1. Press D.2. Use the small (a) and large (d) rightknobs to enter the destination airports iden-tifier (KFVX).3b. Press Etwice.This time, you select the GPS runway21 approach into Farmville Regional.The GPS runway 21 approach beginswith a holding pattern at the IAF,BODRY intersection.4b. Press Pand select the GPS 21approach.  (See page 66 for additional instructions.){continued} 73DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATIONFarmville (VA) RegionalGPS Rwy 21b430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 73
5. From the transitions window, selectBODRY intersection as the IAF.Also, select Activate? to load andactivate the approach.6. Once you activate the approach,the active flight plan page willappear.  You may review theapproach sequence by pressing thesmall right knob (r) and rotatingthe large right knob (d).  PressFto return to the navigationpages.7. As in the last example, within 30nautical miles of the airport, theGNS 430 will switch from enroutemode to terminal mode, and theCDI scale will transition from 5.0 to1.0 nautical miles, full scale deflection.8. Just prior to crossing BODRY intersection, an alertHOLD TEARDROPwill appear in the lowerright corner of the screen to suggest the proper holding pattern entry. (HOLD DIRECT or HOLDPARALLEL may be offered on other similar approaches.)9. As mentioned in the missed approach example, the default NAV page will display a timer during theholding pattern. Use this timer to fly the one minute outbound portion of the holding pattern. (The hold-ing pattern is displayed on the map page and indicated as the active leg on the default NAV and activeflight plan pages.)10. When crossing the IAF, SUSP will appear above the Okey, indicating that automatic sequencingof approach waypoints is temporarily suspended. As you make the turn inbound, SUSP will be can-celled and the GNS 430 will return to automatic sequencing.PROCEDURESApproach Examples574PROCEDURESApproach with HoldExampleNOTEIf you need to lose extra altitude or speed by going around the hold-ing pattern again, press Oto manually suspend waypointsequencing BEFORE crossing the holding waypoint the secondtime. If you’ve already passed this waypoint, re-activate the holdingpattern using the steps described on page 65.DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATION5430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 74
PROCEDURESApproach with HoldExample 511. Also as you approach BODRY intersection, a waypoint alert(NEXT DTK 209°) will appear in the lower right corner ofthe screen.12. At 2.0 nautical miles from the FAF (DEPOY intersection),the GNS 430 will switch from terminal mode to approachmode. CDI scaling will be tightened from 1.0 to 0.3 nauticalmile, full scale deflection.13. As you approach the FAF, a waypoint alert in the lowerright corner (NEXT DTK 209°) will appear. Make anycourse adjustments necessary for the final course segment (FAF to MAP).14. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to theMAP (RW21, the runway threshold). With the needle centered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate. (When viewingthe map page, youll note that the final course segment isdisplayed in magentathe active leg of the flight planalways appears in magentaand a dashed line extendsthe course beyond the MAP. Do NOT follow this extendedcourse. Instead, follow published missed approach procedures.)15. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert (APPRCHING WPT) will appear in the lower right corner. 16. As you cross the MAP, SUSP will appear above the Okey, indicating that automatic sequenc-ing of approach waypoints will be suspended at the MAP. A from indication will be displayed onthe CDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the final approach course will continue. Ifa missed approach is required, use the Okey to initiate the missed approach sequence, asoutlined on page 72.75DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATION430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 75
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Flying a DME ArcApproachThe GPS overlay for a DMEarc approach uses additionalJeppesen-provided waypoints todefine the arc. These waypointsare indicated by “D” as the firstletter in the waypoint name. Thisis followed by three numberswhich indicate the radial the waypoint lies on. The last letterindicates the radius of the arc. When you are cleared for a DME arc approach, you may do either of the follow-ing to intercept the arc:• Follow a specified radial inbound to intercept the IAF.• Follow ATC vectors which allow you to intercept the arc at any point along the arc.This example is based upon a flight from Hutchinson (Kansas) Municipal (KHUT)to Billard Municipal (KTOP) in Topeka, Kansas. The VOR/DME runway 22approach will be selected, along with “D258G” as the IAF.1. Select Billard Muni (KTOP) as your destination, via the Dkey or as the last waypoint in a flight plan.{continued}76PROCEDURESDME Arc Approach Example5DO NOT USEFOR NAVIGATIONBillard Muni (Topeka, KS)VOR or GPS Rwy 22NOTEAs this manual was being written, the letter/number DME arc nameswere being replaced with standard five-letter intersection names. Youmay encounter either naming convention for an approach you select.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 76
5PROCEDURESDME Arc Approach Example2. Press the Pkey and select the VOR22 approach using the steps outlined onpage 64. From the transitions window,select D258G as the IAF. Also, selectLoad? (or Activate?, if already clearedfor the approach).3. Within 30 nautical miles of KTOP, the GNS 430 will switch from enroute mode to terminal mode and the CDI scale willtransition from 5.0 to 1.0 nautical miles, full scale deflection.4. If you havent already activated theapproach (in step #2 above), be sure to do so when cleared for the approach. Seepage 69, step #4 for a description of thisoperation.5. As you approach the IAF (D258G), a waypoint alert (NEXT DTK 353°) willappear in the lower right corner of thescreen. As the distance (DIS) to the IAFapproaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (TURN TO 353°).6. Follow the arc, keeping the CDI needle centered. When using an autopilot, the course select on theCDI (or HSI) must be periodically updated with the desired track (DTK) to ensure proper trackingthrough the arc. Whenever the course select setting and desired track differ by more than 10°, aSet course to # # # ° message will appear on the message page.7. The next point in the approach is an intermediate fix, labeled D025G. As you approach this inter-mediate fix, a waypoint alert (NEXT DTK 205°) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen.As the distance to this fix approaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (TURN TO205°). Dial this course into the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob and initiate a standard rate turn tothis course heading.8. At 2.0 nautical miles from the FAF (TOP VOR), the GNS 430 will switch from terminal mode toapproach mode. CDI scaling will be tightened from 1.0 to 0.3 nautical mile, full scale deflection.{continued} 77DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATIONBillard Muni (Topeka, KS)VOR or GPS Rwy 22430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 77
PROCEDURESApproach Examples59. As you approach the FAF , NEXTDTK 214° will appear in the lowerright corner of the screen. Select thiscourse on the CDI (or HSI) using theOBS knob and turn to the finalcourse segment (FAF to MAP) heading.10. As you cross the FAF, the destinationsequences to the MAP (RW22, therunway threshold). With the needlecentered, fly toward the MAP, observ-ing the altitude minimums dictated bythe approach plate. When viewingthe map page, youll note that thefinal course segment is displayed inmagenta (the active leg of the flightplan always appears in magenta) anda dashed line extends the coursebeyond the MAP.11. As you approach the MAP, a waypointalert (APPRCHING WPT) will appearin the lower right corner. 12. As you cross the MAP, SUSP willappear above the Okey, indicat-ing that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints will be suspended at the MAP. A from indi-cation will be displayed on the CDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the finalapproach course will continue. Do NOT follow this extended course. Follow published missedapproach procedures using the Okey to initiate the missed approach sequence, as outlined onpage 72.78PROCEDURESDME Arc Approach Example5DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATION430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 78
5PROCEDURESVectors-To-FinalApproach ExampleVectors to FinalLet’s take a second look at the “VOR 22” approach into Billard Municipal.  Insteadof following the DME arc, ATC tells you to expect vectors onto the final approachcourse.  There are several ways to select “vectors to final” with the GNS 430.  The firsttwo options below will normally require the least workload to accomplish:• When the approach is first selected, choose “VECTORS” from the transitions window.• Load a full approach — including the IAF from the transitions window — asdescribed on page 66.  When cleared, press Pand select “Activate Vectors-To-Final?”.  (See page 67.)• Load the full approach as described on page 66.  Use the Dkey (by pressingit twice) from the active flight plan page to select the desired leg of theapproach.  (See page 65.)To select “VECTORS” from the transitions window:1. Select Billard Municipal (KTOP) as your destination, using the Dkey, or as the last waypoint in a flight plan.2. Press the Pkey and select the VOR 22 approach using the steps outlined on page 66. 3a. From the transitions window, select VECTORS. 4a. Select Load? (or Activate?, if already cleared for the approach).To activate vectors-to-final from the procedures page:1. Select Billard Municipal (KTOP) as your destination, using the Dkey or as the last waypoint in a flight plan.2. Press the Pkey and select the VOR 22 approach using the steps outlined on page 66. 3b. From the transitions window, select D258G as the IAF. Also, select Load?. 4b. When cleared, press the Pkey and select Activate Vector-To-Final?. 79bba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 79
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Flying the Vectors ApproachWith “vectors to final” selected,the CDI needle will remain off centeruntil you’re established on the finalapproach course. With the approachactivated, the map page will displayan extension of the final approachcourse in magenta (remember,magenta is used to depict the activeleg of the flight plan) and “VTF” willappear as part of the active leg on thedefault NAV page (as a reminder thatthe approach was activated with vec-tors-to-final). In this example, we’llassume ATC vectors result in a rec-tangular course to intercept final, asfollows:1. Within 30 nautical miles of KTOP, theGNS 430 will switch from enroute modeto terminal mode and the CDI scale willtransition from 5.0 to 1.0 nautical miles,full scale deflection.2. If you havent already done so, activate the approach (with vectors-to-final). This allows the GNS430 to guide you to the final approach course. (See page 79.)3. ATC instructs you to turn left to a heading of 025°. This places you parallel to the final approachcourse in the opposite direction. CDI needle deflection is to the left.4. ATC instructs you to turn right to a heading of 115°. 5. ATC instructs you to turn right to a heading of 175° to intercept the final approach course. As youconverge with the final approach course the needle moves toward the center. (In the illustration atleft, the needle has not yet returned to the on-screen CDI, since your current position is still 1.7 nmright of the final approach course.) {continued}80PROCEDURESVectors-To-FinalApproach Example5DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATION 430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 80
PROCEDURESVectors-To-FinalApproach Example 56. As the CDI needle centers, make any remainingcourse corrections to establish yourself on thefinal approach course. At 2.0 nautical miles fromthe FAF (TOP VOR), the GNS 430 will switchfrom terminal mode to approach mode. CDIscaling will be tightened from 1.0 to 0.3 nauticalmile, full scale deflection.7. As you approach the FAF, a waypoint alert in thelower right corner (NEXT DTK 214°) willappear. Make any course adjustments neces-sary for the final course segment (FAF to MAP).8. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequencesto the MAP (RW22). With the needle centered,fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude mini-mums dictated by the approach plate.9. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert (APPRCHING WPT) will appear in the lower right corner. 10. As you cross the MAP, SUSP will appear above the Okey, indicating that automatic sequenc-ing of approach waypoints will be suspended at the MAP. A from indication will be displayed onthe CDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the final approach course will continue.Do NOT follow this extended course. Follow published missed approach procedures using theOkey to initiate the missed approach sequence, as outlined on page 72.81DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATION430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 81
825Course From Fix Flight Plan LegsCertain approach, departure, and arrival procedures in the Jeppesen databasecontain course from fix flight plan legs.  The GNS 430 is able to load these legs intothe flight plan along with the rest of the procedure data, and to provide navigationalong these legs.There are three different types of course from fix legs:TYPE 1: Course from fix to distance, or Course from fix to DME distanceCourse from fix to distance legs will appear in the flight plan like normal way-points, but the destinationname will always beginwith a "D", followed by adistance in tenths of nau-tical miles from the way-point fix.  This exampleuses the VOR/DMERWY 25 approach intoPalmdale, California(KPMD) and includes ateardrop course reversal.1. As you reach the initial approach fix (PMD), a waypoint alert (NEXT DTK 070°) will appear in thelower right corner of the screen.  As the distance to the IAF approaches zero, the alert is replacedby a turn advisory (TURN TO 070°).  Dial the outbound course into the CDI (or HSI) using theOBS knob and initiate a standard rate turn to this course heading.2. Fly the outbound course, keeping the CDI needle centered. You are now on the course from fix todistance leg, as shown on the active flight plan and default NAV pages. Note the magenta line inthe bottom figure, which represents the currently active leg of the approach.  The distance (DIS)displayed on the above screens is TO the D13.0  point.  The flight plan will automaticallysequence to the next leg upon reaching D13.0.3. At 13.0 nm from the FAF, a waypoint alert (NEXT DTK 265°) will appear in the lower right cornerof the screen.  Make a standard rate turn to the right to intercept the final approach course andwatch for the CDI needle to begin to center.{continued}DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATIONPalmdale (CA) AF Plant 42VOR/DME or GPS Rwy 25PROCEDURESCourse From FixApproach Examples430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 82
4. As you approach the intermediate fix (CF25), a waypoint alert (NEXT DTK 265°) will appear.Make any necessary course adjustments.5. Within 2.0 nautical miles of the FAF (THERO), the GNS 430 will switch from terminal mode toapproach mode.  (APR will appear in the lower left corner of the screenreplacing TERM.)CDI scaling will be tightened from 1.0 to 0.3 nautical mile, full scale deflection.6. As you approach the FAF, NEXT DTK 265° will appear in the lower right corner of the screen.7. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (MA25).  With the CDI needle cen-tered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate.8. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert (APPRCHING WPT) will appear in the lower rightcorner of the screen.9. As you cross the MAP, SUSP will appear above the Okey, indicating that automaticsequencing of approach waypoints is suspended at the MAP.  If a missed approach is required,use the Okey to initiate the missed approach sequence, as outlined below.TYPE 2: Course from fix to altitudeCourse from fix to altitude legs will show the specific target altitude on theactive flight plan and default NAV pages. The missed approach sequence for thePalmdale VOR/DME RWY 25 approach includes a course from fix to altitude leg.In this instance, the leg corresponds to the initial phase of the missed approach,which reads “Climb to 5000’ outbound via PMD VOR R-282”.1. After crossing the MAP, press theOkey. The missed approach sequence is automaticallyoffered, starting with the course from fix to altitude leg. The NEXT DTK 282° alert appears in thelower right corner of the screen. Follow the missed approach procedures, as published on yourapproach plate, for proper climb and heading instructions.2. Note that within a few seconds of pressingOto release suspend mode and start theapproach sequence, SUSP re-appears above the Okey as the GNS 430 returns to sus-pend mode.  This is normal when flying a course from fix to altitude leg and indicates that auto-matic leg sequencing is suspended.{continued} 835PROCEDURESCourse From FixApproach Examples430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 83
3. Fly the outbound coursekeeping the CDI needle cen-tered. The map page willdepict the flight path extend-ing indefinitely from PMDVOR. The distance (DIS) onthe default NAV, map andactive flight plan pages willincreaseand indicates thedistance back to PMD VOR.4. Upon reaching the desiredaltitude (5000), pressOto return to automatic legsequencing. Confirm thatSUSP no longer appearsdirectly above theOkey.5. An alert (NEXT DTK 126°)will appear guiding you to the inbound course. The actual desired track (DTK) will depend on yourground speed and distance from PMD VOR. Intercept and fly the inbound course, keeping the CDIneedle centered.6. As you approach PMD VOR (the missed approach holding point), an alert message in the lowerright hand corner of the screen will recommend the holding pattern entry procedure (HOLD PAR-ALLEL).  As you fly the holding pattern, a timer appears on the default NAV page. The timerautomatically resets on each outbound and inbound portion of the holding pattern.7. Note that the GNS 430 again displays SUSP above the Okey. Automatic waypointsequencing is suspended at the missed approach holding point.  A waypoint alert (APPRCHINGWPT) appears in the lower right corner of the screen each time you approach PMD VOR in theholding pattern.8. When leaving the holding pattern, press the Pkey to reactivate the approach or select a dif-ferent approach, or press Dto select another destination.845MISSED APPROACH:Palmdale (CA) AF Plant 42VOR/DME or GPS Rwy 25DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATIONMISSED APPROACHClimb to 5000outbound via PMDVOR R-282, thenclimbing RIGHTturn to 7000 directPMD VOR andhold.PROCEDURESCourse From FixApproach Examples430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 84
TYPE 3: Course from fix to manual sequenceCourse from fix to manualsequence legs will appear on theactive flight plan and map pageswith “man seq” in place of a way-point identifier.  An example ofthis type of course leg appears inthe COASTAL ONE DEPAR-TURE from Westfield,Massachusetts (Barnes Muni).The example leg corresponds tothe departure leg from BarnesMunicipal and appears as followson the active flight plan anddefault NAV pages:1. Select the departure (CSTL1) fromthe procedures page.  Then selectthe departure runway (RW02, in thisexample) and transition (GEDIC).Refer to page 66 for instructions onselecting departures.2. As you depart the airfield, NEXT DTK 026° appears in the lower right corner of the screen andSUSP appears directly above theOkey.  You are now on the course from fix to manualsequence leg. The distance displayed on the active flight plan, default NAV and map pages isFROM the waypoint fix (the departure runway, in this example).3. Fly the outbound course keeping the CDI needle centered.  Once you are cleared to sequence tothe next leg, press the Okey.  Confirm that SUSP no longer appears directly above theOkey. An alert (NEXT DTK 186°) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen to guideyou to the next waypoint (HFD VOR).  The actual desired track (DTK) will depend on your groundspeed and distance from HFD VOR.4. Once theOkey is pressed, the GNS 430 will automatically sequence to each waypoint alongthe remainder of the departure route, including the selected transition.855DO NOT USEFOR NAVIGATIONCOASTAL ONE DEPARTURE (CSTL1.CCC)DDEEPPAARRTTIINNGGBBAARRNNEESSMMUUNNII,,Fly assigned heading and altitude for radar vectors to HFD VOR. Expect clearance to requested flight level 10 minutes after departure. From over HFD VOR, proceed via theHFD R-143 to Thumb Int, then via the HTO R-010 to Yoder Int, then via the CCC R-057 to CCC VOR. Then via transition or assigned route.PROCEDURESCourse From FixApproach Examples430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 85
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5ILS ApproachesPrecision approaches can be performed with the GNS 430's built-in VLOC(VOR/localizer/glideslope) receivers.  The GPS receiver can be used for guidanceprior to reaching the final approach fix, but once there, the proper frequency mustbe selected on the VLOC window (left side of screen) and the CDI output set to"VLOC".The GNS 430 can be set to automatically switch the external CDI output fromGPS to VLOC as you intercept the final approach course.  When the ILS approachis activated, the GNS 430 will automatically switch within 1.2 nautical miles left orright of the final approach course.  This switch can take place anywhere from 2.0 to15.0 nautical miles from the FAF. The illustration at left shows multiple locations along the approach path andwhich CDI selection you can expect: GPS or VLOC.  Within the area of the shadedbox, the automatic switch from GPS to VLOC should occur.The automatic switch from GPS to VLOC is not immediate, but instead occursgradually to prevent abrupt CDI changes when coupled to an autopilot. The CDIselection can also be changed manually by pressing the Ckey.  Once theswitch from GPS to VLOC has occurred, either automatically or manually, it willnot automatically switch again until the approach is reactivated or anotherapproach is selected. To prevent automatic ILS CDI selection, choose the "Manual"ILS CDI setting, as described on page 155.  (The factory default setting is "Auto",which enables the automatic switch to VLOC.)86PROCEDURESILS ApproachExample5NOTEIf you attempt to intercept the approach course at a distance less than 2.0 nau-tical miles from the FAF, the GNS 430 will not automatically switch the CDI toVLOC.  In this case, press the CDI key to manually switch from GPS to VLOC.2NM15NM1.2NM1.2NMMANUALFAFVLOCVLOCGPSGPSAuto   Switchto   VLOC within   this area........430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 86
PROCEDURESILS ApproachExample 5Selecting an ILS ApproachFor this example, we’ll use aflight from Laughlin Bullhead(Arizona) International toFlagstaff Pulliam (KFLG) andselect the ILS runway 21approach.  “SHUTR” intersec-tion will be selected as the IAF,which will include an outboundleg and a procedure turn.  Ofcourse, vectors-to-final couldalso be selected, as previouslydescribed for the non-precisionapproach examples.1. Select Flagstaff Pulliam (KFLG) asyour destination, via the Dkey oras the last waypoint in a flight plan.2. Press the Pkey and select the ILS 21 approach using the steps outlined on page 66.3. From the transitions window, select SHUTR as the IAF.  Also, select Load? (or Activate?, ifalready cleared for the approach).4. A reminder message appears, indicating that GPS can only be used for approach monitoring.  Asmentioned, you will need to use the VLOC receiver for this approach. Press ENT to acknowledge themessage.When you “Load?” (or “Activate?”) an ILS approach, the ILS frequency is automati-cally placed in the standby field of the VLOC window.  To use this frequency, simplypress the Vkey to place it in the active frequency field.87DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATIONFlagstaff (AZ) PulliamILS DME Rwy 21430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 87
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Flying the ILS ApproachWhen you “Activate?” an ILSapproach, automatic switching ofthe external CDI is enabled (unlessturned off from the CDI/AlarmsPage).  When you are establishedon the inbound course to the FAF,the external CDI guidance  willautomatically switch from “GPS”(shown in green text) to “VLOC”(shown in white text).  If you haveforgotten to activate the ILS fre-quency (step #4 below), automaticselection of “VLOC” will not occur.1. Within 30 nautical miles of KFLG, theGNS 430 will switch from enroutemode to terminal mode and the CDIscale will transition from 5.0 to 1.0nautical miles, full scale deflection.2. If you havent already activated the approach (in steps on previous page), be sure to do so whencleared for the approach.  See page 69, step #4 for a description of this operation.3. As you approach the IAF (SHUTR), a waypoint alert (NEXT DTK 030°) will appear in the lowerright corner of the screen. 4. If you havent already done so, press Vto activate the ILS frequency.  If you forget this step, theGNS 430 will display a reminder message (within 3 nm of the FAF) to activate the ILS frequency.5. As the distance (DIS) to the IAF approaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (TURNTO 030°).6. Fly the outbound course (030°), keeping the needle centered on the external CDI (or HSI).7. Once you have flown approximately one minute past SHUTR intersection, the alert messageSTART PROC TRN will appear in the lower right corner of the screen (if you havent alreadybegun the procedure turn).{continued}88PROCEDURESILS ApproachExample5DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATION430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 88
PROCEDURESILS ApproachExample 58.  Turn right to a heading of 075° to initiatethe procedure turn.  The GNS 430 will notguide you through the turn.  (The proce-dure turn is displayed on the map pageand indicated as the active leg on thedefault NAV and active flight plan pages.)The external CDI needle will start movingto the left.9.  After approximately one minute, make a180° left turn to a heading of 255° tointercept the ILS.  The GNS 430 willsequence to the inbound leg and NEXTDTK 210° will appear in the lower rightcorner of the screen.  CDI coupling willautomatically switch from the GPSreceiver to the VLOC receiver as youcomplete the inbound turn.  (If the ILS fre-quency has not been activated, per step#4, this automatic CDI switch will notoccur.)10. As the CDI needle starts to center, makea left turn to 210° to track the ILSapproach course.11. As you approach the FAF (SHUTR), 0.30nm will appear in the lower left corner of the screen indicating a CDI scale transition from 1.0 to 0.3 nautical miles, full scale deflection.  (This scale tran-sition applies only to the default NAV pages on-screen CDI, since the external CDI or HSI is nowcoupled to the VLOC receiver.  GPS approach mode will NOT be activated for precision approach-es, since the VLOC receiver MUST be used for primary navigation.) {continued} 89DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATIONNOTEFrom this point on, primary navigation is provided by the VLOCreceiver. You may continue to use the GPS receiver for supplementalnavigation guidance only. ALSO, when using an external CDI (notan HSI), expect reverse sensing when flying outbound on theapproach course or when flying a back course approach.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:43 PM  Page 89
12. Also as you approach SHUTR, awaypoint alert (NEXT DTK210°) will appear in the lowerright corner of the screen.13. As you cross SHUTR, the desti-nation sequences to the MAP(RW21, the runway threshold).With the needle on the externalCDI (or HSI) centered, fly towardthe MAP, observing the altitudeminimums dictated by theapproach plate.  (When viewingthe map page, youll note thatthe final course segment is dis-played in magenta  the activeleg of the flight plan alwaysappears in magenta  and adashed line extends the coursebeyond the MAP.)14.As you approach the MAP, awaypoint alert (APPRCHINGWPT) will appear in the lowerright corner.15. As you cross the MAP, SUSPwill appear above the Okey,indicating that automaticsequencing of approach waypoints will be suspended at the MAP.  A from indication will be dis-played on the CDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the final approach coursewill continue.  Do NOT follow this extended course.  Follow published missed approach proce-dures using the Okey to initiate the missed approach sequence, as outlined on page 72.90PROCEDURESILS ApproachExample5DO NOT USE FORNAVIGATIONNOTEIn addition to using the Okey to initiate the missed approach sequence,you may wish to press the Ckey to manually switch external CDI out-put to the GPS receiver. “GPS” will be indicated above the Ckey. Ifyou leave the external CDI output on “VLOC” and are using an externalCDI (not an HSI), expect reverse sensing on the back course of the ILS.430MANF.qxd  8/11/00  10:51 AM  Page 90
Points to Remember for ALL Approaches• The GNS 430 is designed to complement your printed approach plates andvastly improve situational awareness throughout the approach.  However, youmust always fly an approach as it appears on the approach plate.• The active leg (or the portion of the approach currently in use) is depicted inmagenta on the Map Page.  As you fly the approach, the GNS 430 will automati-cally sequence through each leg of the approach unless "SUSP" appears abovethe OBS key.  "SUSP" indicates that automatic sequencing of approach way-points is suspended on the current leg and normally appears at holding patternsand upon crossing the missed approach point (MAP).Points to Remember for Localizer-based Approaches• The default factory setting will allow the CDI output to automatically switchfrom the GPS receiver to the VLOC receiver.  If the "ILS CDI Capture" settingis changed to "Manual", you must determine when to select "GPS" or "VLOC"guidance during the approach.  Remember, "VLOC" is required for the finalcourse segment from final approach fix (FAF) to MAP.• If the CDI output has not automatically switched from GPS to ILS by 2.0 nauti-cal miles prior to the FAF, you must manually switch to the VLOC receiver bypressing C.  Verify that "VLOC" is displayed directly above the Ckey.• Automatic switching of CDI output is available for ILS, localizer, SDF andLDA approaches.  Automatic CDI switching is not available for backcourseapproaches.• When flying an approach with the autopilot coupled, you must monitor systemfunctions at all times and verify that the autopilot and external CDI (or HSI)switches to the VLOC receiver with sufficient time to capture and track theapproach course.  Switching to "VLOC" late in the approach may not providethe autopilot enough time to respond and intercept the approach course prior tothe FAF (depending upon the performance characteristics of your autopilot andaircraft).  In such cases, you should manually fly the approach or refer to thedocumentation provided with your autopilot. 91PROCEDURESAdditional ApproachInformation 5430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 91
• When an ILS approach is first selected and "loaded" (or "activated"), the ILSfrequency is automatically placed in the standby field.  In order to fly the finalcourse segment of the ILS approach, you must place the ILS frequency in theactive frequency field by pressing V.  If you forget to do this, a "Select appro-priate frequency for approach" message will appear within 3.0 nautical milesof the FAF.• When flying a localizer-based approach (other than backcourse) with automat-ic CDI switching enabled:1. "GPS" guidance is used while flying outbound and on the initial portion of the procedureturn.2. "VLOC" guidance is used on the remainder of the approach from the time you turninbound on the procedure turn.3. The localizer frequency must be active to use "VLOC" guidance.• When flying a localizer-based approach with automatic CDI switching disabled:1. You may select "VLOC" guidance at any point on the approach prior to reaching theFAF.2. The localizer frequency must be active to use "VLOC" guidance.92PROCEDURESAdditional ApproachInformation5430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 92
93PROCEDURESAdditional ApproachInformation 5This page intentionally blank.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 93
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Section 6WPT PagesWPT Page GroupSection 2 introduced the GNS 430’s main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX,NRST—and described each page in the NAV group. This second page group (WPT)provides information for the thousands of airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, run-ways, frequencies and procedures stored on your Jeppesen NavData® card. A WPTpage is also provided to display information for up to 1,000 user-created waypoints.To quickly select a WPT page:1. From any page, press and hold cto select the default NAV page. (You may skip thisstep if you are already viewing any of the main pages. See page 27.)2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the WPT page group. WPT will appear in thelower right corner of the screen.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired WPT page.94WPT PAGESWPT Page Group68 availablepages (see liston pg. 119)6 availablepages (seelist on pg. 27)NAV NRST4 availablepages (see liston pg. 135)AUX10 availablepages (seelist below)WPTAirport Location Airport Runway Airport Frequency Airport Approach Airport Arrival Airport DepartureIntersection NDB VOR User WaypointPlease note that your GNS 430 uses ICAOidentifiers for all airports. All U.S. airportidentifiers which contain only letters use theprefix ‘K’.  For example, Los AngelesInternational is KLAX under the ICAO stan-dard. Other airports, such as Otten Memorial(3VS), that contain numbers in the identifier,do not require the ‘K’ prefix. Many foreigncountries use two letter prefixes. For moreinformation on ICAO identifiers, contact:Document Sales UnitInternational Civil Aviation Organization999 University StreetMontreal, QuebecCanada  H3C 5H7430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 94
6WPT PAGESWaypoint Identifier,Facility, LocationThe WPT page group includes ten pages. While viewing any WPT page, rotatethe small right knob (a) to select a different WPT page. The first six pages providedetailed information for the selected airport: location, runways, frequencies,approaches, arrivals, and departures. The last four pages provide information forintersections, NDBs, VORs and user-created waypoints.After a WPT page is selected, information for a waypoint may be viewed byentering the identifier (or name) of the desired waypoint. Airports, NDBs andVORs may be selected by identifier, facility name or location (city).To enter a waypoint identifier:1. Select the desired WPT page and press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the first character of the waypoints identifier.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the next character field.4a. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired character.5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the identifier is selected, then press E.6a. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob (r).To enter a waypoint facility name or city location:1. Select the airport location page, NDB page or VOR page from the WPT page group.(See page 94.)2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the facility name or location (city) field.4b. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired character.5. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the next character field.6b. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until the facility name or location is selected, then press E.7. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob (r). 95bbb430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 95
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Duplicate WaypointsOnce the identifier, facility name or location is entered, all six airport pages willdisplay information for the selected airport.  As you enter an identifier, facility nameor location, the GNS 430’s Spell’N’Find™ feature will scroll through the database,displaying those waypoints matching the characters you have entered to that point.If duplicate entries exist for the entered facility name or location, additional entriesmay be viewed by continuing to rotate the small right knob (a) during the selec-tion process (see page 95).  If duplicate entries exist for an entered identifier, aduplicate waypoint page will appear once you select the identifier (by pressing E).To select a facility name or location, where duplicate entries exist:1. Select the desired facility name or location, following the steps on page 95.2a. As you spell the facility name or location, using the small (a) and large (d) rightknobs, the GNS 430s SpellNFind feature will select the first entry in the database basedupon the characters you have entered up to that point.3a. Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to scroll through any additional database list-ings for the selected facility name or location. You can scroll backwards with the smallright knob (b) if you scroll past the desired facility name or location.4. Press Eto select the desired facility name or location.5. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob (r).To select a waypoint identifier from a list of duplicates:1. Select the desired airport or navaid identifier following the steps on page 95.2b. A duplicate waypoints window will appear. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select thethe desired waypoint and press E.3b. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob (r).96WPT PAGESDuplicate Waypoints6baa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 96
WPT PAGESAirport Location 6Airport Location PageThe airport location page displays the latitude, longitude, and elevation of theselected airport. The airport location page also displays facility name and location,as well as fuel availability, available approaches, radar coverage and airspace type.The following descriptions and abbreviations are used:• Type— Usage type: Public, Military or Private• Position— Latitude/Longitude (degrees/minutes or degrees/minutes/sec-onds), MGRS or UTM/UPS• Elevation— In feet or meters• Fuel— For public-use airports, the available fuel type(s) are: Avgas (80-87/100LL/100-130/Mogas), Jet, or None• Approach— Best available approach: ILS, MLS, LOC, LDA, SDF, GPS,VOR, RNAV (“RNV”), LORAN (“LOR”), NDB, TACAN(“TCN”), Helicopter (“HEL”), or VFR• Radar— Radar coverage: Yes or No• Airspace— Control environment: Class C, CTA, TMA, TRSA, Class B ornone 97Facility Name andLocation (city)Airport Identifier,Symbol and TypeLatitude/LongitudeFirst Pagein WPT groupBest AvailableApproach andRadar CoverageField Elevation,Available Fuelsand Airspace Type430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 97
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Airport Runway PageThe airport runway page displays runway designations, length, surface type andlighting for the selected airport. A map image of the runway layout and surroundingarea is also displayed on the airport runway page. The map image scale appears inthe lower left corner and is adjustable using the Rkey. For airports with mul-tiple runways, information for each runway is available.To display information for each additional runway:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to place the cursor on the runway designation field.3. Rotate the small right knob ( a) to display a window listing all runways for the selected airport.4. Continue rotating the small right knob ( a) to select the desired runway.5. Press Eto display information for the selected runway on the airport runway page.6. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob (r).To adjust the scale of the map image:1. Press the down arrow side of the Rkey to display a smaller map area.2b. Press the up arrow side of the Rkey to display a larger map area.98WPT PAGESAirport RunwaysRunwayDesignationsAirport Identifier,Symbol and TypeMap ImageSecond Pagein WPT groupRunway Surfaceand LightingRunway Lengthand Width6a430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 98
WPT PAGESAirport Frequencies 6The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport runway page:• Type— Usage type: Public, Military or Private• Surface— Runway surface types include: Hard, Turf, Sealed, Gravel, Dirt,Soft, Unknown or Water• Lighting— Runway lighting types include: No Lights, Part Time, Full Time,Unknown or Frequency (for pilot-controlled lighting)Airport Frequency PageThe airport frequency page displays radio frequencies and frequency types for theselected airport, as well as sector and altitude restrictions (where applicable). If theselected airport has a localizer-based approach, the localizer frequency(s) is also listedon the airport frequency page. The airport frequency page may be used to quicklyselect and tune a COM or VLOC frequency.To scroll through the frequency list and tune to a desired frequency on the list:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.{continued} 99FrequencyAirport Identifier,Symbol and TypeFrequency TypeThird Pagein WPT groupScroll BarUsage RestrictionsInformationaa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 99
PROCEDURESApproach Examples52a. Rotate the large right knob ( d) to scroll through the list, placing the cursor on thedesired frequency. If there are more frequencies in the list than can be displayed on thescreen, a scroll bar along the right-hand side of the screen will indicate where you arewithin the list.3a. Press Eto place the selected frequency in the standby field of the COM or VLOC window.4. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob (r).Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage, as follows:“TX” - transmit only “RX” - receive only“PT” - part time frequencyIf a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions, the frequency will be pre-ceded by an “Info?” designation.To view usage restrictions for a frequency:1. Rotate the large right knob (d) to place the cursor on the Info? designation directly tothe left of the desired frequency.2b. Press Eto display the restriction information.3b. To return to the airport frequency page, press E.100WPT PAGESAirport Frequencies6b430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 100
WPT PAGESAirport Frequencies 6The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport frequencypage:• Type— Usage type: Public, Military or Private• Frequency— Communication frequencies which may include restrictions:Approach Arrival Class BClass C CTA DepartureTMA Terminal TRSACommunication frequencies without restrictions:ATIS ASOS AWOSCenter Clearance GateControl Ground HelicopterMulticom Pre-taxi RadarRamp Other TowerUnicomNavigation frequencies:ILS LOC101430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 101
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Airport Approach PageThe airport approach page shows the available approach procedures for theselected airport. Where multiple initial approach fixes (IAFs) and feeder routes areavailable, that information may also be displayed. A map image provides a layoutdiagram for each approach and transition.To scroll through the available approaches and transitions:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to place the cursor on the approach (APR) procedurename field.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window of available approaches for theselected airport. Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to select the desiredapproach.4. Press  E. The cursor moves to the transitions (TRANS) field.5. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window of available transitions. Continuerotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired transition or select VECTORSfor guidance only along the final course segment of the approach.6. Press E. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob (r).102WPT PAGESAirport ApproachesApproachProcedure NameAirport Identifier,Symbol and TypeMap ImageFourth Pagein WPT groupTransitions: IAFs,Feeder Routes andVectors-to-Final6430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 102
WPT PAGESAirport Approaches 6Airport Approach Page OptionsThe following options are available for the airport approach page, by pressingthe mkey:Load into Active FPL? allows you to load the selected approach into the activeflight plan—without activating it. This performs the same operation as selecting“Load?” from the procedures page “Select Approach?” option. See page 66.To load an approach from the airport approach page:1. Select the desired approach and transition using the steps outlined on page 66.2. Press mto display the airport approach page options.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Load into Active FPL? and press E. 4. The active flight plan page will appear. PressFto return to the airport procedures page.Load and Activate?allows you to load the selected approach into the active flightplan and activate navigation guidance to the approach transition. See page 67.To load and activate an approach from the airport approach page, follow the stepsabove, but select “Load and Activate?” in step #3.103NOTENot all approaches in the database are approved for GPS use. Asyou select an approach, a “GPS” designation to the right of the pro-cedure name indicates the procedure can be flown using the GPSreceiver. Some procedures will not have this designation, meaningthe GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidanceonly. ILS approaches, for example, must be flown by tuning theVLOC receiver to the proper frequency and coupling the VLOCreceiver to the external CDI (or HSI).430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 103
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Airport Arrival PageThe airport arrival page shows the available Airport Standard Terminal Arrival(STAR) procedures for the selected airport.  Where multiple transitions or runwaysare associated with the arrival procedure, that information may also be displayed. Amap image provides a layout diagram for each arrival, transition and runway.To scroll through the available arrivals:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to place the cursor on the arrival (ARVL) procedurename field.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window of available arrivals for the select-ed airport.  Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired arrival.4. Press  E.  The cursor moves to the transitions (TRANS) field.5. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window of available transitions.  Continuerotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired transition.6. Press E.  The cursor moves to the runway field.{continued}104WPT PAGESAirport ArrivalsArrival ProcedureNameAirport Identifier,Symbol and TypeMap ImageFifth Pagein WPT groupTransitionsRunways Associatedwith Arrival6430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 104
WPT PAGESAirport Arrivals 67. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window of available runways. Continuerotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired runway. (ALL may appear in therunway field, indicating the arrival procedure applies to all runways. For airports with par-allel runways, B may appear at the end of the runway designation to indicate the arrivalprocedure applies to both runways.)8. Press E. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob (r).Airport Arrival Page OptionsThe following option is available for the airport arrival page, by pressing themkey:Load into Active FPL? allows you to load the selected arrival into the activeflight plan. This is identical to loading an arrival procedure from the procedurespage, as described on page 66.To load an arrival procedure from the airport arrival page:1. Select the desired arrival, transition and runway using the steps above.2. Press mto display the airport arrival page options.3. Press Eto select the Load into Active FPL? option.4. The active flight plan page will appear. Press Fto return to the airport arrival page.105430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 105
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Airport Departure PageThe airport departure page shows the available Airport Standard InstrumentDeparture (SID) procedures for the selected airport.  Where multiple runways ortransitions are associated with the departure procedure, that information may alsobe displayed.  A map image provides a layout diagram for each departure, runwayand transition.To scroll through the available departures:1. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to place the cursor on the departure (DEP) procedurename field.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window of available departures for theselected airport.  Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired departure.4. Press E. The cursor moves to the runway field.{continued}106WPT PAGESAirport DeparturesDepartureProcedure NameAirport Identifier,Symbol and TypeMap ImageSixth Pagein WPT groupRunways Associatedwith DepartureTransitions6430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 106
WPT PAGESAirport Departures 65. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window of available runways.  Continuerotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired runway.  (ALL may appear in therunway field, indicating the departure procedure applies to all runways.  For airports withparallel runways, B may appear at the end of the runway designation to indicate thedeparture procedure applies to both runways.)6. Press  E.  The cursor moves to the transitions (TRANS) field.7. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window of available transitions.  Continuerotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired transition.8. Press E.  To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob (r).Airport Departure Page OptionsThe following option is available for the airport departure page, by pressing themkey:Load into Active FPL? allows you to load the selected departure into the activeflight plan.  This is identical to loading a departure procedure from the proce-dures page, as described on page 66.To load a departure procedure from the airport departure page:1. Select the desired departure, runway and transition using the steps above.2. Press mto display the airport departure page options.3. Press Eto select the Load into Active FPL? option.4. The active flight plan page will appear.  Press Fto return to the airport departure page.107430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 107
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5Intersection PageThe intersection page displays the latitude, longitude, region and country for theselected intersection.  The intersection page also displays the identifier, radial anddistance from the nearest VOR, VORTAC or VOR/DME.  The following descrip-tions and abbreviations are used:• Position— Latitude/Longitude (degrees/minutes or degrees/minutes/sec-onds), MGRS or UTM/UPS• RAD— Radial from nearest VOR in degrees magnetic or degrees true(depending upon unit configuration)• DIS— Distance from nearest VOR, in nautical miles/statute miles/kilo-meters (depending upon unit configuration)Intersections may only be selected by identifier, as described on page 95.108WPT PAGESIntersectionsNearest VOR and SymbolIntersection Identifier and SymbolRegion/CountrySeventh Pagein WPT groupLatitude/LongitudePositionRadial andDistance fromNearest VORNOTEThe VOR displayed on the intersection page is the nearest VOR, notnecessarily the VOR used to define the intersection.6430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 108
WPT PAGESNDBs 6NDB PageThe NDB page displays the facility name, city, region/country, latitude and longitude for the selected NDB.  The NDB page also displays the frequency and aweather broadcast indication (if applicable).  The following descriptions and abbre-viations are used:• Symbol— See page 31 for a graphic illustration of available NDB symbols• Position— Latitude/Longitude (degrees/minutes or degrees/minutes/sec-onds), MGRS or UTM/UPS• FREQ— Frequency in kilohertz (kHz)• Wx Brdcst— Weather information is broadcast on the selected facility’s frequencyAs mentioned on page 95, NDBs may be selected by identifier, facility name orlocation (city).109Facility Name,City andRegion/CountryNDB Identifier and SymbolEighth Pagein WPT groupLatitude/LongitudePositionFrequency andWeather BroadcastIndication430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 109
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5VOR PageThe VOR page displays the facility name, city, region/country, magnetic varia-tion, latitude and longitude for the selected VOR.  The VOR page also displays thefrequency and a weather broadcast indication (if applicable).  The followingdescriptions and abbreviations are used:• Symbol— See page 31 for a graphic illustration of available VOR symbols• VAR— Magnetic variation in degrees• Position— Latitude/Longitude (degrees/minutes or degrees/minutes/sec-onds), MGRS or UTM/UPS• FREQ— Frequency in megahertz (MHz)• Wx Brdcst— Weather information is broadcast on the selected facility’s frequencyAs mentioned on page 95, VORs may be selected by identifier, facility name orlocation (city).  The VOR page may also be used to quickly tune the VLOC receiverto the selected VOR’s frequency.110WPT PAGESVORsMagnetic VariationVOR Identifier and SymbolNinth Pagein WPT groupLatitude/LongitudePositionFrequency andWeather BroadcastIndicationFacility Name,City andRegion/Country6430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 110
WPT PAGESUser Waypoints 6To select a VOR frequency from the VOR page:1. Select the VOR page from the WPT page group, as described on page 94.2. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to place the cursor on the VOR identifierfield.  If you wish to select another VOR, use the small (a) and large (d) right knobsand press Ewhen finished.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the frequency field and press Etoplace the frequency in the standby field of the VLOC window. 4. To activate the standby VLOC frequency, press V.User Waypoint PageIn addition to the airport, VOR, NDB and intersection information contained inyour Jeppesen NavData® card, the GNS 430 allows you to store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. The user waypoint page displays the waypoint name (up to fivecharacters long), identifier and radial from two reference waypoints, distance fromone reference waypoint, along with the user waypoint’s latitude/longitude position.111ReferenceWaypointInformationUser WaypointNameTenth Pagein WPT groupLatitude/LongitudePositionCreate/ModifyAction Field430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 111
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5The following descriptions and abbreviations appear on the user waypoint page:• REF WPT— Reference waypoint identifier (name)• RAD— Radial from reference waypoint, in degrees magnetic or degreestrue (depending upon unit configuration)• DIS— Distance from reference waypoint, in nautical miles/statutemiles/kilometers (depending upon unit configuration)• Position— Latitude/Longitude (degrees/minutes or degrees/minutes/sec-onds), MGRS or UTM/UPSUser waypoints may only be selected by name (identifier), as described on page 95.Creating User WaypointsUser waypoints may be created from the user waypoint page or the map page.  Tocreate a new user waypoint, simply enter its name (identifier) and position, or refer-ence another waypoint by radial and distance.To create a new user waypoint by entering its latitude/longitude position:1. With the user waypoint page displayed, press the small right knob (r) to activate thecursor.2. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter a name for the new waypoint andpress E.  Your present position appears in the position field at the bottom of the page.To create a waypoint at your present position, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlightCreate? and skip to step #6.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the position field at the bottom of the page.4. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the position coordinates for thenew waypoint.5. Press Eto accept the selected position. 6. The cursor moves to Create?.  Press Eto add the new waypoint to memory.7. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.112WPT PAGESCreating User Waypoints6430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 112
To create a new user waypoint by referencing an existing waypoint:1. With the user waypoint page displayed, press the small right knob(r) to activate the cursor.2. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter a name for the new waypoint andpress E.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the first reference waypoint (REF WPT) field.4. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the identifier of the reference way-point. The reference waypoint can be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or another userwaypoint. Press Eto accept the selected identifier. 5. The cursor moves to the radial (RAD) field. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobsto enter the radial from the reference waypoint to the new user waypoint. Press Etoaccept the selected radial.6. The cursor moves to the distance (DIS) field. Use the small (a) and large (d) rightknobs to enter the distance from the reference waypoint to the new user waypoint. PressEto accept the selected distance.7. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Create? and press E.8. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.NOTEThe GNS 430 allows you to create a new user waypoint at a defined radialand distance from your present position. To reference your present position,follow the steps above, but presscin step #4. “P.POS” will appear inthe reference waypoint (REF WPT) field to indicate that radial and dis-tance information will reference your present position.The second reference waypoint field (REF WPT) is a temporary referenceonly—not a reference that will be stored with the user waypoint. Bydefault, this field will display a radial from the nearest VOR. However, youcan select any waypoint—by identifier—to use as a reference in this field.Your GNS 430 can store user-defined waypoints which are generatedfrom other equipment in your panel. For example, an EFIS equippedwith joystick inputs can be used to create user waypoints which will (ifyour installation supports this) automatically transfer to your GNS 430.WPT PAGESCreatingUser Waypoints 6113430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 113
Creating User Waypoints from the Map PageThe map page and panning target pointer (see page 33) provide a quick means ofsaving your present position as a user-defined waypoint.To capture and save your present position as a user waypoint:1a. With the map page displayed, press the small right knob (r) to activate the panningfunction.  The target pointer will appear at your present position.2a. Press Eto capture the position and display the user waypoint page.3. A four-digit name is automatically assigned to the waypoint.  To change this name, rotatethe large right knob ( d) to highlight the name field, then use the small (a) and large( d) right knobs to select a new name.  Press Eto accept the selected name.4a. The cursor moves to the Create? action field.  Press Eto save the new waypoint.Modifying User WaypointsTo modify an existing waypoint, select that waypoint on the user waypoint pageand enter the new position information directly over the old information.To modify a user waypoint by changing its latitude/longitude position:1b. With the user waypoint page displayed, press the small right knob (r) to activate thecursor.2b. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the name of the desired way-point and press E.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the position field at the bottom of the page.4b. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the new position coordinatesand press Eto accept the selected position.5. The cursor moves to the Modify? action field.  Press Eto modify the waypoint.6. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.PROCEDURESApproach Examples5114WPT PAGESCreating / ModifyingUser Waypoints6aab430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 114
WPT PAGESModifyingUser Waypoints 6To modify a user waypoint by changing reference waypoint information:1. With the user waypoint page displayed, press the small right knob (r) to activate thecursor.2. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the name of the desired way-point and press E.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the first reference waypoint (REF WPT)field, if you wish to change the reference waypoint.  Otherwise, continue rotating thelarge right knob (d) to highlight the radial (RAD) or distance (DIS) field, as desired.4. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to change the identifier  if desired of the reference waypoint.  The reference waypoint can be an airport, VOR, NDB, inter-section or another user waypoint.  Press Eto accept the selected identifier. 5. The cursor moves to the radial (RAD) field.  Use the small (a) and large (d) rightknobs to change the radial from the reference waypoint, if desired.  Press Etoaccept the selected radial.6. The cursor moves to the distance (DIS) field.  Use the small (a) and large (d) rightknobs to change the distance from the reference waypoint to the new user waypoint, ifdesired.  Press Eto accept the selected distance.7. The cursor moves to the Modify? action field.  Press Eto modify the waypoint.8. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.115NOTEIf you attempt to modify or delete a waypoint which is currently adirect-to waypoint or the current “from” or “to” waypoint in the activeflight plan, the GNS 430 will alert you with the “Can’t change anactive waypoint” or “Waypoint is active and can’t be deleted” message.You must first cancel the direct-to or remove the waypoint(s) from theactive flight plan before modifying or deleting the waypoint(s).430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 115
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5116User Waypoint Page OptionsThe following user waypoint page options are available by pressing the mkey:View User Waypoint List? displays a list of all user waypoints currently stored inmemory.To view a list of all user waypoints:1. From the user waypoint page, press mto display the user waypoint page options.2a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight View User Waypoint List? and press E. 3. The top of the user waypoint list will indicate the total number of user waypoints currentlyused and available memory. If more user waypoints are stored than can be displayed on asingle screen, rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll through the user waypoint list.4. Press the small right knob (r)to return to the user waypoint page.Delete User Waypoint?allows you to delete the selected waypoint from memory.To delete a user waypoint:1. Select the desired waypoint on the user waypoint page and press mto display the userwaypoint page options.2b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Delete User Waypoint? and press E. User Waypoint ListThe user waypoint list allows you toreview, modify, rename or delete aselected user waypoint, or to deleteall user waypoints currently stored inmemory.  At the top of the page areindications for number of waypointlocations used and available memory.WPT PAGESDeleting WaypointsUser Waypoint List6ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 116
WPT PAGESModifying / DeletingUser Waypoints 6117To review and/or modify a user waypoint from the user waypoint list:1. Select the user waypoint list, as described on page 116.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the desired user waypoint.3a. Press Eto display the user waypoint page for the selected waypoint. From this pageyou may review all information defining the waypoint and its position. 4a. To modify the waypoints position or reference waypoint information, follow the stepsdescribed on page 114 and 115. (Keep in mind that youve already selected a user way-point page which displays the desired user waypoint, so you may skip the first two stepsof the procedure on page 114 or 115.)5. To exit the user waypoint page, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Done? andpress E.To rename a user waypoint from the user waypoint list:1. Select the user waypoint list, as described on page 116.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the desired user waypoint.3b. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to change the name of the user waypoint.(Enter the new name directly over the old name.) Press Eto accept the new name. 4b. A rename waypoint confirmation window is displayed. With Yes? highlighted, pressEto rename the selected user waypoint.To delete a user waypoint from the user waypoint list:1. Select the user waypoint list, as described on page 116.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the desired user waypoint.3c. Press cto display a delete waypoint confirmation window. 4c. With Yes? highlighted, press Eto delete the selected user waypoint.cbb430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 117
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5118To delete all user waypoints from memory:1. Select the user waypoint list, as described on page 116.2. Press mto display an options window for the user waypoint list.3. With Delete All User Waypoints highlighted, press E.4. A delete all waypoints confirmation window is displayed. With Yes? highlighted, pressEto delete all user waypoints from memory.WPT PAGESDeleting AllUser Waypoints6430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 118
NRST PAGESNRST Page Group 7Section 7NRST PagesNRST Page GroupSection 2 introduced the GNS 430’s main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX,NRST—and described each page in the NAV group. This fourth page group (NRST)provides detailed information for the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersec-tions and user waypoints within 200 nm of your current position. In addition, theNRST pages include the five nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) and center(ARTCC/FIR) points of communication, plus alerts you to any Special Use (SUA) orControlled Airspace you may be in or near.To quickly select a NRST page:1. From any page, press and hold cto select the default NAV page. (You may skip thisstep if you are already viewing any of the main pages. See page 27.)2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the NRST page group. NRST will appear inthe lower right corner of the screen.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired NRST page. 1198 availablepages (seelist below)6 availablepages (seelist on pg. 27)NAV NRST4 availablepages (see liston pg. 135)AUX10 availablepages (seelist on pg. 94)WPTNearest Airport Nearest Intersection Nearest NDB Nearest VOR Nearest User Nearest CenterNearest Flight Service Nearest Airspace dc430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 119
PROCEDURESApproach Examples5120Not all nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections or user waypoints can bedisplayed on the corresponding NRST page at one time. The nearest airport page dis-plays detailed information for three nearest airports, with a scroll bar along the right-hand side of the page indicating which part of the list is currently being viewed. Thenearest airspace page displays detailed information for up to three special use or con-trolled airspace alerts. The NRST pages for VORs, NDBs, intersections, and user way-points will display five waypoints at a time. The flashing cursor and large right knob(d) are used to scroll and view the rest of the waypoints or airspaces in the list.To scroll through the list of nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints or SUAs:1. Select the desired NRST page, using the steps outlined on page 119.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll through the list. The scroll bar along the right-handside of the page will indicate which part of the list is currently being viewed.4. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.The nearest ARTCC and nearest FSS pages present detailed information for up tofive nearby facilities—displaying only one facility at a time. Again, the additional infor-mation is viewed using the flashing cursor and large right knob (d) to scroll throughthe list.To scroll through the list of nearest flight service station or center points of communication:1. Select the desired NRST page, using the steps outlined on page 119.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3b. Rotate the small right knob (a) to scroll through the list.4. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.NRST PAGESScrolling ThroughNearest Lists7bba}scroll bar430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 120
NRST PAGESNearest Airports 7121Navigating to a Nearby WaypointThe NRST pages can be used in conjunction with the GNS 430’s direct-to function to quickly set a course to a nearby facility. This feature can be a real timesaver compared to retrieving information from the database using the WPT pages.More importantly, it instantly provides navigation to the nearest airport in case of anin-flight emergency.To select a nearby airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint as a direct-todestination:1. Use the flashing cursor to scroll through a NRST page list and highlight the desired nearestwaypoint, as outlined on page 120.2. Press Dto display the select direct-to waypoint page.3. Press Eto accept the selected waypoints identifier and press Ea second time(with Activate? highlighted) to begin navigating to the selected waypoint.Nearest Airport PageThe nearest airport page displays the identifier, symbol, bearing and distance tothe nine nearest airports (within 200 nautical miles of your present position). For eachairport listed, the nearest airport page also indicates the best available approach, com-mon traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) and the length of the longest runway. Best AvailableApproachAirport Identifier,Symbol, Bearing Toand Distance ToFirst Pagein NRST groupTower or CTAFFrequency andLongest RunwayScroll Bar430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 121
NRST PAGESNearest Airports7122The nearest airport page can be configured to exclude shorter runways or unde-sirable runway surface types, so that the corresponding airports do not appear on thelist. You may wish to use this feature to exclude seaplane bases or runway lengthswhich would be difficult or impossible to land upon.  See page 160 for additionaldetails.The nearest airport page may be used to quickly tune the COM transceiver to anearby airport. The selected frequency is placed in the standby field of the COMwindow and activated using the Wkey.To quickly tune the common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) from the nearestairport page:1. Select the nearest airport page, using the steps outlined on page 119.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll through the list, highlighting the COM frequencyassociated with the desired airport.4. Press Eto place the selected frequency in the standby field of the COM window.5. Press Wto activate the selected frequency.6. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.Additional communication frequencies, runway information and more is availablefrom the nearest airport page by highlighting the identifier of the desired airport andpressing E.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 122
7123To view additional information for a nearby airport:1. Select the nearest airport page, using the steps outlined on page 119.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll through the list, highlighting the identifier of thedesired airport.4. Press Eto display the airport location page for the selected airport.5. To view additional WPT pages for the selected airport (including the airport runway and air-port frequency pages) press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.Rotate the small right knob (a) to display the additional WPT pages. When finished,press the small right knob (r) to return the flashing cursor to the screen.6. To return to the nearest airport page, verify that Done? is highlighted by the flashing cur-sor and press E(or press c).Nearest Intersection PageThe nearest intersection page displays the identifier, symbol, bearing and distanceto the nine nearest intersections (within 200 nautical miles of your present position).To view additional information for a nearby intersection, start from the nearestintersection page and follow steps 2 through 4 above.Nearest NDB PageThe nearest NDB page displays the identifier, symbol, bearing, distance and fre-quency to the nine nearest NDBs (within 200 nautical miles of your present position).To view additional information for a nearby NDB, start from the nearest NDB pageand follow steps 2 through 4 above.Nearest VOR PageThe nearest VOR page displays the identifier, symbol, bearing and distance to thenine nearest VORs (within 200 nautical miles of your present position). For eachVOR listed, the nearest VOR page also indicates the frequency and may be used toquickly tune the VLOC receiver to the nearby VOR. The selected frequency isplaced in the standby field of the VLOC window and activated using the Vkey.NRST PAGESNearest VORs, NDBs and Intersections430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 123
NRST PAGESNearest VORs7124To quickly tune a VOR’s frequency from the nearest VOR page:1. Select the nearest VOR page, using the steps outlined on page 119.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll through the list, highlighting the frequencyassociated with the desired VOR.4a. Press Eto place the selected frequency in the standby field of the VLOC window.5. Press Vto activate the selected frequency.6. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.To view additional information for a nearby VOR:1. Select the nearest VOR page, using the steps outlined on page 119.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll through the list, highlighting the identifier of thedesired VOR.4b. Press Eto display the VOR page for the selected VOR.5. To return to the nearest VOR page, verify that Done? is highlighted by the flashing cursor and press E(or press c).6. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.baaVOR FrequencyVOR Identifierand SymbolFourth Pagein NRST groupBearing To andDistance ToScroll Bar430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 124
NRST PAGESNearest ARTCC 7125Nearest User Waypoint PageThe nearest user waypoint page displays the name, bearing and distance to thenine nearest user waypoints (within 200 nautical miles of your present position).Nearest Center (ARTCC) PageThe nearest center page displays the facility name, bearing to and distance to thefive nearest ARTCC points of communication (within 200 nautical miles of your pre-sent position). For each ARTCC listed, the nearest center page also indicates the fre-quency(s) and may be used to quickly tune the COM transceiver to the center’s fre-quency. The selected frequency is placed in the standby field of the COM windowand activated using the Wkey.To quickly tune an ARTCC’s frequency from the nearest center page:1. Select the nearest center page, using the steps outlined on page 119.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll through the list, selecting the desired ARTCC.4. Rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll down the page, highlighting the desired frequency.5. Press Eto place the selected frequency in the standby field of the COM window.6. Press Wto activate the selected frequency.7. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.ARTCC NameSixth Pagein NRST groupFrequency(s)Bearing To andDistance To430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 125
Nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) PageThe nearest flight service station page displays the facility name, bearing to anddistance to the five nearest FSS points of communication (within 200 nautical milesof your present position). For each FSS listed, the nearest flight service station pagealso indicates the frequency(s) and may be used to quickly tune the COM trans-ceiver to the FSS’s frequency. The selected frequency is placed in the standby fieldof the COM window and activated using the Wkey.For duplex operations, “RX” and “TX” indications will appear beside the listedfrequencies—indicating “receive only” or “transmit only” frequencies. The associ-ated VOR is also provided for reference. To quickly tune an FSS’s frequency from the nearest flight service station page:1. Select the nearest flight service station page, using the steps outlined on page 119.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to scroll through the list, selecting the desired FSS.4. Rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll down the page, highlighting the desired frequency (COM frequency[s] or VOR frequency for duplex operation).{continued}126NRST PAGESNearest FSS7FSS NameSeventh Pagein NRST groupFrequency(s)Bearing To andDistance ToVOR Identifier(for duplex operation)430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 126
5. Press Eto place the selected frequency in the standby field of the COM or VLOC window.6. Press Wor V, as appropriate, to activate the selected frequency.7. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.Nearest Airspace PageThe last page in the NRST group, the nearest airspace page, will alert you to asmany as nine controlled or special use airspaces near or in your flight path. Alerts areprovided according to the following conditions:• If your projected course will take you inside an airspace within the next ten minutes, the alert message “Airspace ahead -- less than 10minutes” will appear. The nearest airspace page will show the airspaceas “Ahead”.• If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your currentcourse will take you inside, the message “Airspace near and ahead”will appear. The nearest airspace page will show “Within 2nm of airspace”.• If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your currentcourse will not take you inside, the message “Near airspace less than2nm” will appear. The nearest airspace page will show the airspace as“Ahead < 2nm”.• If you have entered an airspace, the message “Inside Airspace” willappear. The nearest airspace page will show “Inside of airspace”.Note that the airspace alerts are based on three-dimensional data (latitude, longi-tude and altitude) to avoid nuisance alerts. The alert boundaries for controlled air-space are also sectorized to provide complete information on any nearby airspace.Once one of the described conditions exists, the message annunciator will flash, alert-ing you of an airspace message.127NRST PAGESNearest Airspaces 7430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 127
To view an airspace alert message:1a. When the message annunciator above the Mkey flashes, press M.2. Press Magain to return to the previous page.Once you have been provided an airspace alert message, detailed informationconcerning the specific airspace is provided on the nearest airspace page. The nearest airspace page displays the airspace name, status (“Ahead”, “Ahead < 2nm”,etc. as described on the previous page), and a time to entry (if applicable). Byselecting any airspace name listed on the nearest airspace page, additional detailswill be provided—including controlling agency, communication frequencies andfloor/ceiling limits.To view additional details for an airspace listed on the nearest airspace page:1b. Select the nearest airspace page, using the steps outlined on page 119.2. Press the small right knob (r) to activate the cursor.3. Rotate the large right knob(d) to scroll through the list, highlighting the desired air-space.4. Press Eto display the airspace page for the selected nearby airspace.5. To return to the nearest airspace page, verify that Done? is highlighted by the flashing cursor and press E.6. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.128NRST PAGESNearest Airspaces7Airspace NameEighth Pagein NRST groupStatus andTime to EntryMessageAnnunciatorb430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 128
To view and quickly tune the frequency for a controlling agency:1. Follow steps #1 through #4 on the previous page to display the airspace page for thedesired controlled or special use airspace.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Frequencies? and press E.3. Rotate the large right knob (d) to scroll through the list, highlighting the desired frequency.4. Press Eto place the selected frequency in the standby field of the COM window.5. Press Wto activate the selected frequency.6. To return to the airspace page, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Done? andpress E(or press c).7. To return to the nearest airspace page, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlightDone? and press E(or press c).8. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.129NRST PAGESNearest Airspaces 7Airspace Nameand Type“Done?” Field(return to previous page)Status and Time to Entry“Frequency?” Field(display frequency page)Floor/Ceiling Limits430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 129
The airspace page displays (and airspace alert messages are provided for) thefollowing airspace types:• Alert • Caution• Class B • Class C• CTA • Danger• MOA • Prohibited• Restricted • TMA• Training • TRSA• Unspecified • WarningThe bottom right-hand corner of the airspace page displays the floor and ceilinglimits of the airspace. The following are examples of what may appear as verticallimits for an airspace:• 5000ft msl (5000 feet mean sea level)• 5000ft agl (5000 feet above ground level)• MSL (at mean sea level)• Notam (see Notice to Airmen)• Unknown • Unlimited• See Chart • SurfaceAll airspace alert messages, except for prohibited areas, may be turned on or offfrom the airspace alarms page. An altitude buffer is also provided on the airspacealarms page to provide an extra margin of safety above/below the published limits.See page 152 for additional details.130NRST PAGESNearest Airspaces7430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 130
Section 8VLOC (VOR/Localizer/Glideslope)Receiver OperationsThe GNS 430 includes digitally-tuned VOR/localizer and glideslopereceivers with the desired frequency selected on a VLOC window,along the left-hand side of the display. Frequency selection is per-formed by pressing the small left knob (v)and rotating the small(f) and large (h) left knobs to select the desired frequency. Ident Audio and VolumeVLOC ident is enabled by pressing the jknob.  When VLOCident is enabled, an “ID” indication appears in the upper right cor-ner of the VLOC window — to the immediate right of “VLOC”.VLOC audio volume is adjusted using the jknob. Rotate the jknob clock-wise to increase volume, or counterclockwise to decrease volume. VLOC Window and TuningVLOC frequencies are selected with the tuning cursor in the standby VLOC fre-quency field, and using the small (f) and large (h) left knobs to dial in thedesired frequency.  The standby frequency always appears below the active fre-quency.  The active frequency is the frequency currently in use.The tuning cursor will remain in the COM window. If you wish to select aVOR/localizer/ILS frequency, press the small left knob (v)momentarily to placethe cursor in the VLOC window. 131VLOC RECEIVERIdent, Volume andTuning 8jPush for ident audio. Rotate to adjustaudio volume.vRotate to adjust the MHz value (theportion before the decimal point) of thestandby VLOC frequency.Push to toggle tuning cursor betweenCOM and VLOC windows. Rotate toadjust the kHz value (the portion afterthe decimal point) of standby VLOC frequency.h430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 131
To select a VOR/localizer/ILS frequency:1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the VLOC window, press the small left knob (v)momentarily.2. Rotate the large left knob (h) to select the desired megahertz (MHz) value. For exam-ple, the 117 portion of the frequency 117.80.3. Rotate the small left knob (f) to select the desired kilohertz (kHz) value. For example,the .80 portion of the frequency 117.80.To make the standby frequency the active frequency, press the V(flip flop) key.Auto-TuningA frequency may also be quickly selected from the database by simply high-lighting the desired frequency on the VOR page (see page 110) or the nearest VORpage (see page 123) and pressing the Ekey.  This process is referred to as auto-tuning.  Once a frequency is selected in the standby field, it may be transferred tothe active frequency by pressing the Vkey.  (Auto-tuning can also be performedfrom VLOC frequencies listed on the NAVCOM, airport frequency, and nearestflight service station pages.)132VLOC RECEIVERAuto-tuning8NOTEThe tuning cursor will normally appear in the COM win-dow, unless placed in the VLOC window by pressing v.When the tuning cursor is in the VLOC window, it willautomatically return to the COM window after 30 secondsof inactivity.The active frequency in either window cannot be accesseddirectly—only the standby frequency will be highlighted bythe tuning cursor.hf430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 132
To select a VLOC frequency from the VOR or nearest VOR pages:1. Select the desired page from the main pages. (See page references on the precedingpage.)2. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily to activate the flashing cursor3a. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the frequency for the desired VOR.4. Press Eto place the frequency in the standby field of the VLOC window. 5. Press Vto activate the selected frequency.6. Press the small right knob (r) to remove the flashing cursor.When selecting a VOR or ILS approach, manual tuning of the VLOC receiver isnot required. Once the approach procedure is “Loaded” or “Activated”, the GNS430 will automatically place the proper frequency in the standby field of the VLOCwindow. If you wish to use this frequency, simply press Vto activate the frequency.Additional information on approach procedures is provided in Section 5, beginningon page 66.To select an approach and automatically tune the proper VLOC frequency:1. Select the destination airport using the Dkey or as the last waypoint in the activeflight plan.2. Press the Pkey to display the procedures page.3b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Select Approach? and press E.{continued} 133VLOC RECEIVERAuto-tuning 8NOTEFor duplex COM operations, the VLOC receiver may be auto-tunedfrom the nearest flight service station page. See page 126 for more info.ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 133
4. A window will appear listing the available procedures.  Rotate the small right knob (a)to highlight the desired procedure and press E.  (When a direct-to destination isselected, departures are offered for the nearest airport.)5. A second window will appear listing available transitions.  Rotate the small right knob(a) to highlight the desired transition waypoint and press E.  (The approachVectors option assumes you will receive vectors to the final course segment of theapproach and will provide navigation guidance to intercept this final course.)6. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight Load? or Activate? and press E.(Load? will add the procedure to the flight plan without immediately using it for naviga-tion guidance.  This allows you to continue navigating the original flight plan, but keepsthe procedure available on the active flight plan page for quick activation when needed.)7. For VOR and ILS approaches, the standby field of the VLOC window is automaticallytuned to the proper frequency.  To activate the frequency press V.  To display VLOCcourse information on the external CDI (or HSI) press Cand verify that VLOC isdisplayed at the bottom left corner of the screen, directly above the Ckey.8. For precision approaches and some non-precision approaches, a reminder window willappear indicating that GPS guidance on such approaches is strictly for monitoring onlyuse the VLOC receivers and external CDI (or HSI) for primary navigation. To confirm thisreminder, highlight Yes? and press E.CDI KeyThe GNS 430’s Ckey is used to couple the GPS or VLOC receiver to theexternal CDI (or HSI). When the external CDI (or HSI) is being driven by theGPS receiver, “GPS” will appear at the bottom left corner of the page, directlyabove the Ckey. When the external CDI (or HSI) if being driven by the VLOCreceiver, “VLOC” will appear instead.To couple the external CDI (or HSI) to the GPS receiver or VLOC receiver, pressCto display “GPS” or “VLOC”, as desired.134VLOC RECEIVERCDI Key8NOTEThe external CDI (or HSI) must be coupled to the VLOC receiver forapproaches which are not approved for GPS. See ILS example on page 86.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 134
Section 9AUX PagesAUX Page GroupSection 2 introduced the GNS 430’s main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX,NRST—and described each page in the NAV group. The third page group (AUX)allows you to change unit settings, customizing operation to your preferences. TheAUX pages also provide E6B functions—such as trip planning, fuel planning, densi-ty altitude, true airspeed and winds aloft calculations.To quickly select an AUX page:1. From any page, press and hold cto select the default NAV page. (You may skip thisstep if you are already viewing any of the main pages. See page 27.)2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the AUX page group. AUX will appear in thelower right corner of the screen.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired AUX page.135AUX PAGESAUX Page Group 98 availablepages (see liston pg. 119)6 availablepages (seelist on pg. 27)NAV NRST4 availablepages (seelist below)AUX10 availablepages (seelist on pg. 94)WPTFlight Planning Utility Setup 1 Setup 2dc430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 135
AUX PAGESFlight Planning9Flight Planning PageThe flight planning page provides access (via “menu options”) to E6B functionsfor fuel planning, trip planning, density altitude/true airspeed/winds aloft calcula-tions and a “Crossfill” function to transfer flight plans/user waypoints to a secondGNS 430.  When a menu option is selected, the corresponding page will appearproviding additional information and features.To select a menu option from the flight planning page:1. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily, to activate the flashing cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired menu option, and press E.The following menu options are available:Fuel Planning— when equipped with fuel flow (FF) and/or fuel on board(FOB) sensors, this option displays current fuel conditions along the activedirect-to or flight plan. You may also manually enter fuel flow, ground speed (GS)and (in some instances) fuel on board figures for planning purposes. Fuel plan-ning figures can be displayed not only for the currenly active flight plan ordirect-to, but also point-to-point between two specified waypoints and for anyprogrammed flight plan.  136Menu Options: toselect, highlightwith cursor andpress E.First Pagein AUX group430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 136
AUX PAGESFlight Planning 9Trip Planning— allows the pilot to view desired track (DTK), distance (DIS),estimated time en route (ETE), enroute safe altitude (ESA) and estimated timeof arrival (ETA) information for a direct-to, point-to-point between two specifiedwaypoints or for any programmed flight plan.Density Alt / TAS / Winds— indicates the theoretical altitude at which your air-craft will perform depending upon several environmental conditions, includingindicated altitude (IND ALT), barometric pressure (BARO) and total air temper-ature (TAT; the temperature, including the heating effect of speed, read on astandard outside temperature gauge). This menu option computes true airspeed(TAS), based upon the factors above and the calibrated airspeed (CAS). Also, thismenu option determines winds aloft—the wind direction and speed—and ahead wind/tail wind component, based upon the calculated density altitude(DEN ALT), true airspeed, aircraft heading (HDG) and ground speed. Crossfill— allows the pilot to transfer the active flight plan, any stored flightplan, a user waypoint or all user waypoints between two 400-Series GARMINunits (GNS 430/GNC 420/GPS 400) in a dual-unit installation.Scheduler— displays reminder messages (such as “Change oil”, “Switch fueltanks”, “Overhaul”, etc.).  One-time, periodic, and event-based messages areallowed.  One-time messages will appear once the timer expires and will reap-pear each time the GNS 430 is powered on, until the message is deleted.Periodic messages will automatically reset to the original timer value, once themessage is displayed.  Event-based messages do not use a timer, but rather aspecific date and time. 137NOTEPoint-to-point waypoints, flight plans and/or ground speed (default iscurrent GPS-calculated ground speed) entered on the fuel planning pagewill automatically transfer to the trip planning page, and vice versa.The "Flight Plan?" option allows you to selectthe numbered flight plan for fuel planning.The "Change Fields?" option allows you toselect fuel information for each field asdesired.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 137
Flight Planning Page: Fuel PlanningTo perform fuel planning operations:1. Select Fuel Planning from the flight planning page, using the steps described on page 136.2. The current fuel planning mode is displayed at the top of the page: POINT TOPOINT or FPL (for a flight plan).  To change the mode, press mto display anoptions window for the other mode, then press Eto accept the other mode.3a. For point-to-point fuel planning, rotate the small (a) and large (h) right knobs toenter the identifier of the from waypoint.  Once the waypoints identifier is entered, press Eto accept the waypoint.  The flashing cursor moves to the to waypoint.Again, rotate the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the identifier of the to waypoint and press Eto accept the waypoint. OR,3b. For flight plan fuel planning, rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desiredflight plan by number (already stored in memory.  00 is the active flight plan).  Rotatethe large right knob (h) to highlight the LEG field and rotate the small right knob(a) to select the desired leg of the flight plan, or select Cum to apply fuel planningcalculations to the entire flight plan.4. If your fuel management system does not enter the data automatically, rotate thelarge right knob (h) to highlight the fuel on board (FOB) field.5. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the amount of fuel on board.Press Ewhen finished.6. The flashing cursor moves to the fuel flow (FF) field. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the fuel flow rate.  Press Ewhen finished.  Note that ifa fuel system is providing current fuel flow, the fuel flow field will default to this value.7. The flashing cursor moves to the ground speed (GS) field. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the ground speed.  Press Ewhen finished.138AUX PAGESFlight Planning9ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 138
8. With all variables entered, the following information will be provided:• REQ— Quantity of fuel required• LFOB— Left-over fuel on board• L.FLOW— Left engine fuel flow• R.FLOW— Right engine fuel flow• LRES— Left-over fuel reserve time• EFF— Efficiency, expressed in distance per fuel units (e.g. nautical miles per gallon)• RNG— Range (distance)• ENDUR— Flight endurance, or total available flight time9. To reconfigure the data fields press mto display the options window.  Rotate the smallright knob (a) to highlight the change fields? option.  Press Eto reconfigure the datafields.  Rotate the large right knob (h) to select the desired field.  Rotate the small rightknob (a) to highlight the desired data.  Press Eto select the data configuration.139AUX PAGESFlight Planning 9NOTEFuel planning figures can be entered and displayed based upon one of three possible configurations:1) No fuel sensors connected—In this instance fuel flow is manuallyentered and is used to calculate fuel on board. When fuel flow or fuel onboard is manually entered, the figures are retained the next time you viewthe page (with fuel on board continuously recalculated).2) Fuel flow sensor installed, but no fuel on board sensor—Fuel on board ismanually entered. Fuel flow is automatically provided by sensor. If fuelflow is manually entered (to override the sensor), it will not affect the FOBfigure and is not retained the next time you view the page.3) Fuel flow and fuel on board sensors installed—Fuel flow and fuel onboard are automatically provided by sensors. Fuel on board can NOT beentered manually. Fuel flow can be entered manually, but will not affect theFOB figure and is not retained the next time you view the page.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 139
Flight Planning Page: Trip PlanningTo perform trip planning operations:1. Select Trip Planning from the flight planning page, using the steps described on page 136.2. The current trip planning leg mode is displayed at the top of the page: POINT TOPOINT or FPL LEG (for a flight plan leg). To change the leg mode, press mto display an options window for the other leg mode, then press Eto accept the otherleg mode.3a. For point-to-point trip planning, rotate the small(a) and large (h) right knobs to enterthe identifier of the from waypoint. Once the waypoints identifier is entered, pressEto accept the waypoint. The flashing cursor moves to the to waypoint. Again,rotate the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the identifier of the to waypoint and press Eto accept the waypoint. OR,3b. For flight plan leg trip planning, rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desiredflight plan (already stored in memory), by number. Rotate the large right knob (h) tohighlight the LEG field and rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired leg ofthe flight plan, or select Cum to apply trip planning calculations to the entire flight plan.4. Rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the departure time (DEP TIME) field.5. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the departure time. Press Ewhen finished. (Departure time may be entered in local or UTC time, depending uponunit settings. See page 158.)6. The flashing cursor moves to the ground speed (GS) field. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the ground speed. Press Ewhen finished.7. With all variables entered, the following information will be provided:• DTK— Desired track, or desired course• DIS— Distance• ETE— Estimated time en route• ESA— En route safe altitude• ETA— Estimated time of arrival140baAUX PAGESFlight Planning9430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 140
Flight Planning Page: Density Alt / TAS / WindsTo calculate density altitude, true airspeed, winds aloft:1. Select Density Alt / TAS / Winds from the flight planning page, using the stepsdescribed on page 136.2. The flashing cursor highlights the indicated altitude (IND ALT) field. Use the small (a)and large (h) right knobs to enter the altitude indicated on your altimeter. Press Ewhen finished. 3. The flashing cursor moves to the calibrated airspeed (CAS) field. Use the small (a)and large (h) right knobs to enter the airspeed from your airspeed indicator. PressEwhen finished. 4. The flashing cursor moves to the barometric pressure (BARO) field. Use the small (a)and large (h) right knobs to enter the barometric pressure (altimeter setting). PressEwhen finished. 5. The flashing cursor moves to the total air temperature (TAT) field. Use the small (a)and large (h) right knobs to enter the temperature. Press Ewhen finished. 6. The flashing cursor moves to the aircraft heading (HDG) field. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the aircraft heading from the directional gyro or compass.Press Ewhen finished.7. With all variables entered, the following information will be provided:• DEN ALT— Density altitude• TAS— True airspeed• WIND— Wind direction and speed• HEAD/TAIL WIND—Magnitude of head wind or tail wind component141AUX PAGESFlight Planning 9NOTEIf your installation includes components (such as an airdata sensor) toprovide any of the variables above, the density alt/tas/winds page datawill default to the values provided by these components.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 141
Flight Planning Page: CrossfillSelect Crossfill? from the Default Nav page or Flight Plan page by pressing themkey or while on the Flight Planning page by scrolling down to Crossfill andpressingE.Automatic Operation:  If both units are set to automatic, a change in the activeflight plan of one unit will also be seen in the other.  Initiating a direct-to to a way-point on one unit will also initiate a direct-to to the same waypoint on the otherunit.If one unit is set for automatic crossfill and the other is set for manual crossfill,then only the auto unit will automatically send data to the manual unit.  In this con-figuration, the auto unit could be thought of as the master unit.Manual Operation:  If manual operation is desired, the pilot must invoke alltransfers from that unit.  When a unit is configured for automatic transfer, a manualtransfer can also be done on command.  If either of the messages "data transfererror" or  "data transfer cancelled" are received during an automatic or manualtransfer, the pilot must force another transfer.To transfer flight plans or user waypoints to/from a second 400-Series unit:1. Select Crossfill from the flight planning page, using the steps described on page 136.2. The flashing cursor highlights the method field. Rotate the small right knob (a) toselect Auto or Manual. Auto will automatically transfer any selection of (or anychange to) a direct-to destination or active flight plan to a second 400- or 500-seriesGARMIN unit.142AUX PAGESFlight Planning9430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 142
3. The flashing cursor highlights the transfer data option (TRANSFER) field.  Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to display a window of available data options:• Active Flight Plan—transfer the active flight plan to/from a second400-Series GARMIN unit (GNS 430/GNC 420/GPS 400) in a dualunit installation. This option is the default when selecting“Crossfill” from the flight planning page.• Flight Plan—transfer any stored flight plan to/from a second 400-Series unit, by selecting the flight plan by number. This option isthe default when selecting “Crossfill” from the flight plan catalog.See page 58.• User Waypoints (all)—transfer all stored user waypoints to/from asecond 400-Series unit.• User Waypoint—transfer the specified user waypoint to a second400-Series unit.4. Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired data option. PressEwhen finished. 5. For a stored flight plan (Flight Plan data option), the flight plan number field is high-lighted.  Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired flight plan and pressE.6. For a specified user waypoint (User Waypoint data option), the waypoint identifier fieldis highlighted.  Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the identifier ofthe desired user waypoint.  Press Ewhen finished.7. The flashing cursor moves to the CROSS-SIDE field. Rotate the small right knob(a) to select To or From and press E. 8. The flashing cursor moves to the Initiate Transfer? confirmation field. Press Etotransfer the selected data.143AUX PAGESFlight Planning 9430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 143
Flight Planning Page: SchedulerTo enter a scheduled message:1. Select Scheduler from the flight planning page, using the steps described on page 136.2. The flashing cursor highlights the first message field. If necessary, rotate the large rightknob (h) to highlight the first blank message field.3. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the message text.  Press Ewhen finished. (The GNS 430 will store up to nine scheduled messages holding 20characters each.)4a. The flashing cursor moves to the type field under the new message.  Rotate the smallright knob (a) to display a window of available options:  (Event, One Time, Periodic).Press Eto select.5. The flashing cursor moves to the time/date field. Use the small (a) and large (h)right knobs to set the time or date required before the message is displayed. Time isentered as hours/minutes/seconds (hhh:mm:ss). Event-based messages expire at aspecific date and time. Press Ewhen finished.To edit a scheduled message:1. Select Scheduler from the flight planning page, using the steps described on page 136.2. The flashing cursor highlights the first message field.3. To edit the message text, rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the desired message field. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to edit the messagetextentering the new text directly over the old message.  Press Ewhen finished.4b. To edit the time field, rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the field. Use the small(a) and large (h) right knobs to edit the new date or timeentering the new valuedirectly over the old figure. Press Ewhen finished.To delete a scheduled message:1. Select Scheduler from the flight planning page, using the steps described on page 136.2. The flashing cursor highlights the first message field. Rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the desired message field.3. Press cto delete the message text, followed by Eto confirm the deletion.144AUX PAGESFlight Planning9aa430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 144
Utility PageThe utility page provides access (via “menu options”) to checklists, a countdown/up timer, trip timers, trip statistics, RAIM (Receiver Autonomous IntegrityMonitoring) prediction, sunrise/sunset time calculations and software/database ver-sion information.When a menu option is selected, the corresponding page willappear providing additional information and features.To select a menu option from the utility page:1. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily, to activate the flashing cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired menu option, and press E.The following menu options are available:Checklists— provides up to nine different user-defined checklists containing upto 30 items each.Flight Timers— provides count up/down timers, plus automatic recording ofdeparture time and total trip time. Departure and total trip time recording can beconfigured to run either any time GNS 430 power is on, or only when yourground speed exceeds 30 knots.Trip Statistics— provides readouts for trip odometers, average speed and maxi-mum speed. These readouts are resettable (individually or all at once) by pressingmto display an options window.145AUX PAGESUtility Page 9Menu Options: toselect, highlightwith cursor andpress E.Second Pagein AUX group430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 145
RAIM Prediction— predicts if GPS coverage is available for your current loca-tion or at a specified waypoint at any time and date. Receiver AutonomousIntegrity Monitoring performs checks to ensure that the GNS 430 will have ade-quate satellite geometry during your flight. RAIM availability will be near 100%in Oceanic, En route and Terminal phases of flight. Because the FAA’s TSOrequirements for non-precision approaches specify significantly better satellitecoverage than other flight phases, RAIM may not be available when flying someapproaches. The GNS 430 will automatically monitor RAIM during approachoperations and warn you if RAIM is not available. In such cases, use the GNS430’s VLOC receiver instead for many of the non-precision and precisionapproaches stored on your Jeppesen NavData® card. RAIM prediction will helpyou plan for a pending flight to confirm GPS operation during an approach.Sunrise / Sunset— allows you to calculate the time of sunrise and sunset at anywaypoint or your present position for a specified date.Software / Database Ver.— provides software version information for the oper-ating software within the GPS receiver, COM transceiver, VOR/localizer receiver,glideslope receiver and main processor board. The software / database versionpage also displays the current Jeppesen database type and expiration date, alongwith the version and type of built-in land database.146AUX PAGESUtility Page9An ‘INTEG’ annunciation at the bottom leftcorner of the screen indicates that satellite coverage is insufficient to pass built-in receiverautonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) tests.When this occurs, the GPS receiver will continue to provide navigation information, butshould not be used for primary navigationguidance. Use the GNS 430’s VLOC receiver oranother suitable navigation source.If a ‘WARN’ annunciation appears at the bottom left corner, GPS satellite coverage maybe sufficient, but the GNS 430 has detected a position error which exceeds protection limits.In this condition, all GPS navigation data onthe GNS 430 will be disabled. Use the GNS430’s VLOC receiver or an alternate navigationsource. Utility Page: ChecklistsTo create a checklist:1a. Select Checklist from the utility page, using the steps described on page 145.  PressEto display a list of checklists.2. Press mto display an options menu.  Rotate the large right knob (h) to selectCreate New Checklist? and press E.3. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the name of a checklist.Press Ewhen finished.  (Up to nine different checklists can be created and storedin the GNS 430.)4. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter each checklist item, followedeach time by E.  (Each checklist may contain up to 30 line items of as much as six-teen characters long.)430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 146
147AUX PAGESUtility Page 9Utility Page: Checklists (cont.)To execute a checklist:1b. With the checklists page displayed, rotate the large right knob (h) to select thedesired checklist and press E.2b. As you complete each checklist item, press Eto move to the next item on the list.To edit a checklist:1. With the checklists page displayed, rotate the large right knob (h) to select thedesired checklist and press E.2. Press mto display an options menu.   Select Edit Item? and press E, then use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to edit each checklist item.  Press Ewhen finished.To insert a checklist step into an existing checklist:1. With the checklists page displayed, rotate the large right knob (h) to select thedesired checklist and press E.2. Rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the existing checklist entry which willimmediately follow the new checklist step.3. Rotate the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the new checklist step. Press Ewhen finished.To delete a checklist or all checklists:1. With the checklists page displayed, press mto display an options menu.2. Rotate the large right knob (h) to select delete checklist or delete all checklists and press Eto remove the checklist or all checklists from memory.To copy a checklist:1. With the checklists page displayed and the desired checklist selected, press m.2. Rotate the large right knob (h) to select Copy Checklist? and press Eto copythe checklist to an empty checklist memory location.To sort the checklists by name or entry:1. With the checklists page displayed, press mto display an options menu.2. Rotate the large right knob (h) to select Sort List By Entry? or Sort List By Name?and press E. bba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 147
148AUX PAGESUtility Page9Utility Page: Flight TimersTo view, use or reset the generic timer:1. Select Flight Timers from the utility page, using the steps described on page 145.2. The flashing cursor highlights Start?. To start the generic timer, press E. (You willtypically begin with this step for count up timers. However, for count down timers, youmay wish to enter a count direction and time before starting the timer. See below.)3a. To change the count direction, rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight count direc-tion field: Down or Up. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired countdirection. Press Ewhen finished. 4. For a count down timer, rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the time field. Usethe small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the count down timein hours, minutes and seconds. Press Ewhen finished. 5. To stop the generic timer, rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight Stop? and pressE. 6. To reset the generic timer, rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the time field.Press c, followed by E.To record or reset the departure time:1. Select Flight Timers from the utility page, using the steps described on page 145.2. Rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the reset mode field, under DepartureTime. (The reset mode field will indicate Pwr-on or GS>30kt.)3b. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired reset mode. (Pwr-on will record a departure time when the GNS 430 is turned on. GS>30kt will record a departure time once the GPS-computed ground speed exceeds 30 knots.)4. Press Ewhen finished.5. To reset the departure time, rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight Reset? andpress E.ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 148
149AUX PAGESUtility Page 9Utility Page: Flight Timers (cont.)To view, use or reset total trip time:1a. Select Flight Timers from the utility page, using the steps described on page 145.2a. Rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the reset mode field, under Total TripTime. (The reset mode field will indicate Pwr-on or GS>30kt.)3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired reset mode. (Pwr-on will recordtrip time, in hours/minutes/seconds, any time the GNS 430 is turned on. GS>30kt willrecord trip time any time the GPS-computed ground speed exceeds 30 knots.)4. Press Ewhen finished.5. To reset the total trip time, rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight Reset? andpress E.Utility Page: Trip StatisticsTo reset trip statistics readouts:1b. Select Trip Statistics from the utility page, using the steps described on page 145.2b. Press mto display an options window with several reset options:• Reset Trip?— Resets trip odometer and average groundspeed readouts• Reset Max Speed?—Resets maximum speed readout only• Reset Odometer?— Resets odometer readout only• Reset All?— Resets all trip statistics readouts3. Rotate the large right knob (h) to select the desired reset option and press E.bb430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 149
Utility Page: RAIM PredictionTo predict RAIM availability:1. Select RAIM Prediction from the utility page, using the steps described on page 145.2. The flashing cursor highlights the waypoint field. Use the small (a) and large (h)right knobs to enter the identifier of the waypoint at which you wish to determine RAIM availability. Press Ewhen finished. (To determine RAIM availability for your presentposition, press c, followed by E.)3. The flashing cursor moves to the arrival date field. Use the small (a) and large (h)right knobs to enter the date for which you wish to determine RAIM availability. PressEwhen finished. 4. The flashing cursor moves to the arrival time field. Use the small (a) and large (h)right knobs to enter the time for which you wish to determine RAIM availability. PressEwhen finished.5. The flashing cursor moves to Compute RAIM?. Press Eto begin RAIM prediction.Once calculations are complete, the GNS 430 will display one of the following in theRAIM status field:• RAIM Not Available— Satellite coverage is predicted to NOT besufficient for reliable operation duringnon-precision approaches• RAIM Available— Satellite coverage is predicted to be sufficient for reliable operation during allflight phases, including non-precisionapproaches150AUX PAGESUtility Page9NOTERAIM computations predict satellite coverage within +/- 15 minutes of the specified arrival date and time. Refer to page 153 for specificinformation regarding RAIM protection limits.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 150
151AUX PAGESUtility Page 9Utility Page: Sunrise / SunsetTo calculate sunrise and sunset times at any waypoint or your present position:1. Select Sunrise / Sunset from the utility page, using the steps described on page 145.2. The flashing cursor highlights the waypoint field. Use the small (a) and large (h)right knobs to enter the identifier of the waypoint at which you wish to determine sunriseand sunset times. Press Ewhen finished. (To determine sunrise/sunset times foryour present position, press c, followed by E.)3. The flashing cursor moves to the date field. Use the small (a) and large (h) rightknobs to enter the date for which you wish to determine sunrise and sunset times. 4. Press Eto calculate sunrise and sunset times for the selected location and date.Utility Page: Software / Database Ver.The software / database version page displays software version information foreach of the various subsystems contained within the GNS 430, as well as databaseversions for the Jeppesen NavData® card and built-in land data. This page is forinformation purposes only—no user functions are available from this page.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 151
Setup 1 PageThe setup 1 page provides access (via “menu options”) to airspace alarms, CDIscale adjustment, an arrival alarm, units of measure settings, position formats, mapdatums and settings for local or UTC time display. When a menu option is selected,the corresponding page will appear providing access to the various unit settings.To select a menu option from the setup 1 page:1. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily, to activate the flashing cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired menu option, and press E.The following menu options are available:Airspace Alarms— allows you to turn the controlled / special-use airspace mes-sage alerts on or off. This will not affect the alerts listed on the nearest airspacepage or the airspace boundaries depicted on the map page. It will simply turnon/off the warning provided when you are approaching or near an airspace.An altitude buffer is also provided which “expands” the vertical range above orbelow an airspace. For example, if the buffer is set at 500 feet, and you are morethan 500 feet above or below an airspace, you will not be notified with an alertmessage; if you are less than 500 feet above or below an airspace and projected toenter it, you will be notified with an alert message. The default is 200 feet.152AUX PAGESSetup 19Menu Options: toselect, highlightwith cursor andpress E.Third Pagein AUX group430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 152
153AUX PAGESSetup 1 9CDI / Alarms— allows you to define the scale for the GNS 430’s on-screen course devia-tion indicator.  The scale values represent full scale deflection for the CDI to either side.The default setting is “5.0 nm”.  At this setting, the CDI scale is set to 5 nm during theenroute phase of flight.  Within 30 nm of your destination airport the CDI scale graduallyramps down to 1.0 nm (terminal area).  Likewise when leaving your departure airport theCDI scale is set to 1.0 nm and gradually ramps UP to 5 nm beyond 30 nm (from thedeparture airport).During approach operations the CDI scale gradually ramps down even further, to 0.3 nm.This transition normally occurs within 2.0 nm of the final approach fix (FAF).  If a lowerCDI scale setting is selected (i.e., 1.0 nm or 0.3 nm) the higher scale settings will not beselected during ANY phase of flight.  For example, if 1.0 nm is selected, the GNS 430 willuse this for the enroute and terminal phase and ramp down to 0.3 nm during anapproach.  Note that the Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) protectionlimits listed below follow the selected CDI scale and corresponding modes:CDI Scale RAIM Protection+/-5.0 nm or Auto (en route) 2.0 nm+/-1.0 nm or Auto (terminal) 1.0 nm+/-0.3 nm or Auto (approach) 0.3 nmAn “auto” ILS CDI selection allows the GNS 430 to automatically switch the externalCDI from the GPS receiver to the VLOC receiver, when established on the finalapproach course. (See page 86.)  Or, select “manual” to manually switch the external CDIconnection, as needed.An arrival alarm, provided on the CDI / alarms page, may be set to notify you with a mes-sage when you have reached a user-defined distance to the final destination (the direct-towaypoint or the last waypoint in a flight plan). Once you have reached the set distance(up to 99.9 units), an “Arrival at [waypoint]” message will be displayed.Units / Mag Var— allows you to configure the displayed data to standard or metric unitsof measure. This setting applies to distance, speed, altitude, fuel, pressure and tempera-ture. Also provides three magnetic variation (heading) options: True, Auto or User-defined. If “Auto” is selected, all track, course and heading information will be correctedto the magnetic variation computed by the GPS receiver. The “True” setting will refer-ence all information to true north, and the “User” setting will correct information to anuser-entered value.CDI scales and corresponding modes:EnrouteTerminalApproach430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 153
Position / Map Datum— configures position readout information to the desiredposition format and datum. The NavData® card contains over 100 map datumsto adjust your position reading, making it conform to specific paper charts. Ifyou are using a chart based on another datum, you must set the GNS 430 to usethe same datum. Using a map datum that does not match the charts you areusing can result in significant differences in position information. If you areusing the paper charts for reference only, the GNS 430 will still provide correctnavigation guidance to the waypoints contained in the database, regardless ofthe datum selected.Date / Time— provides settings for time format (local or UTC; 12- or 24-hour)and time offset. The time offset is used to define current local time. UTC (alsocalled “GMT” or “zulu”) date and time are calculated directly from the GPS satellites’ signals and cannot be changed. If you prefer to use local time, simplydesignate the offset by adding or subtracting the correct number of hours.154AUX PAGESSetup 19Setup 1 Page: Airspace AlarmsTo set the airspace warning messages or change the altitude buffer:1. Select Airspace Alarms from the setup 1 page, using the steps described on page 152.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the On/Off field next to the desired air-space type. (Other SUAs includes alert, caution, danger, training and warning areas.)3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select On or Off, as desired. Press Etoaccept the selection.4. To change the altitude buffer, rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the AltitudeBuffers field. Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the desired bufferdistance. Press Ewhen finished.NOTEWhen an approach has been loaded into the active flight plan, airspacealert messages will be disabled within 30 nm of the destination airport.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 154
155AUX PAGESSetup 1 9Setup 1 Page: CDI Scale / AlarmsTo change the CDI scale:1. Select CDI / Alarms from the setup 1 page, using the steps described on page 152.2. The flashing cursor highlights the Selected CDI field.  Rotate the small right knob(a) to select the desired CDI scale.  The selected scale and any lower scale settingswill be used during the various phases of flight as described on page 153.3a. Press Eto accept the selected scale.  The "System CDI" field will display the CDIscale currently in use.  The "System CDI" setting may differ from the "Selected CDI"depending upon the current phase of flight.  See page 153 for more information.To change the ILS CDI selection:1. Select CDI / Alarms from the setup 1 page, using the steps described on page 152.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the Auto/Manual ILS CDI field.3b. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select Auto or Manual, as desired. Press Eto accept the selection.To set the arrival alarm and alarm distance:1. Select CDI / Alarms from the setup 1 page, using the steps described on page 152.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the On/Off field (directly below ArrivalAlarm).3c. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select On or Off, as desired. Press Eto accept the selection.4. The flashing cursor moves to the alarm distance field (to the immediate right of On orOff).  To enter an arrival alarm distance, use the small (a) and large (d) rightknobs to enter the desired alarm distance.  Press Ewhen finished.NOTEThe CDI scale is always measured in nautical miles, regardless of the current distance units of measure selected on the units/mag var page. ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 155
Setup 1 Page: Units / Mag VarTo set the magnetic variation:1. Select Units / Mag Var from the setup 1 page, using the steps described on page 152.2a. The flashing cursor highlights the heading mode field. Rotate the small right knob (a)to select the desired heading mode: Auto, True or User. Press Eto accept the selection. (The heading modes are described on page 153.)3. If User is selected, the flashing cursor moves to the user value field (to the immediateright of User). Use the small (a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the desiredmagnetic variation direction and value. Press Ewhen finished.To change the units of measure:1. Select Units / Mag Var from the setup 1 page, using the steps described on page 152.2b. Rotate the large right knob (d) to highlight the desired units of measure category. The following categories, and corresponding units of measure, are available:• DIS, SPD—distance and speed in Nautical (nautical miles/knots),Statute (miles/miles per hour) or Metric (kilometers/kilometers per hour) terms.• ALT, VS—altitude and vertical speed in Feet/feet per minute,Meters/meters per minute, or Meters/meters per second.• PRESSURE—barometric pressure in Inches or Millibars.• TEMP—temperature in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.• FUEL—fuel units in Gallons, Imperial Gallons, Kilograms, Litersor Pounds.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired units of measure for the selectedcategory. Press Eto accept the selection.156AUX PAGESSetup 19ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 156
157AUX PAGESSetup 1 9Setup 1 Page: Position Format / Map DatumTo change the position format:1. Select Position Format / Map Datum from the setup 1 page, using the steps describedon page 152.2a. The flashing cursor is on the position format field. Rotate the small right knob (a) toselect the desired position format. The following position formats are available:• hddd°mm.mmm’—latitude and longitude in degrees and decimalminutes• hddd°mm’ss.s”—latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes anddecimal seconds• MGRS—Military Grid Reference System• UTM/UPS—Universal Transverse Mercator / Universal PolarStereographic grids3. Press Eto accept the selected format.To change the map datum:1. Select Position Format / Map Datum from the setup 1 page, using the steps describedon page 152.2b. Rotate the large right knob ( d) to highlight the map datum field.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to display a window showing the available map datums.4. Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired map datum. (See page 181 for a list of available map datums.)5. Press Eto accept the selected datum.NOTEPer TSO C129a, the WGS-84 map datum should be used in the United States.For use outside the U.S., select the geodetic datum required by that country.ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 157
Setup 1 Page: Date / TimeTo display local time or UTC:1. Select Date / Time from the setup 1 page, using the steps described on page 152.2a. The flashing cursor highlights the time format field. Rotate the small right knob (a) todisplay a window of available time formats: Local 12hr, Local 24hr, or UTC.3. Continue rotating the small right knob (a) to select the desired time format. 4. Press Eto accept the selection.To set the local time:1. Select Date / Time from the setup 1 page, using the steps described on page 152.2b. Rotate the large right knob to highlight the time offset field. 3. Use the small (a) and large (h) right knobs to enter the desired offset, beginning byentering a minus (-) or plus (+) sign to indicate whether the offset is behind UTC orahead of UTC. (In the United States, all local time offsets will use be minus, or behindUTC.)4. Press Eto accept the selected offset.158AUX PAGESSetup 19cbaRestoring Factory SettingsWhen making changes to any setup 1 page option, a “Restore Defaults?”menuselection allows you to restore the original factory settings (for the selected optiononly). For example, with the airspace alarms page displayed, the “Restore Defaults?”option will restore all airspace alarms page settings to the original factory values.To restore a setup 1 option to the original factory settings:1. Select the desired menu option from the setup 1 page, using the steps described onpage 152.2c. Press mto display a page options window.3. With Restore Defaults? highlighted, press E.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 158
159AUX PAGESSetup 2 9Setup 2 PageThe setup 2 page provides access (via “menu options”) to display adjustments,parameters which define the nearest airport search, and COM transceiver channelspacing. When a menu option is selected, the corresponding page will appear providing access to the various unit settings.To select a menu option from the setup 2 page:1. Press the small right knob (r) momentarily, to activate the flashing cursor.2. Rotate the large right knob (d) to select the desired menu option, and press E.The following menu options are available:Display— allows you to adjust the display for optimum viewing in any condition.Automatic backlighting is available which uses a built-in photocell (at the top leftcorner of the display bezel) to make the proper display adjustments without anyuser intervention. Automatic contrast adjustment varies the screen contrast levelbased upon current unit temperature. You may also select manual control of thedisplay contrast and backlighting to tailor the GNS 430’s display to your needs.Menu Options: toselect, highlightwith cursor andpress E.Fourth Pagein AUX groupNOTEDisplay backlighting changes are not saved when the GNS 430 is turned off.Backlighting will revert to the “Auto” setting the next time the unit is turned on.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 159
Nearest Airport Criteria— defines the minimum runway length and surfacetype used when determining the nine nearest airports to display on the nearestairport page. A minimum runway length and/or surface type may be entered toprevent airports with small runways, or runways that are not of appropriate sur-face, from being displayed. The default settings are “0 feet (or meters)” for run-way length and “any” for runway surface type.COM Configuration— allows you to select 8.33 kHz or 25.0 kHz COM frequency channel spacing.160AUX PAGESSetup 29baSetup 2 Page: DisplayTo change the backlighting intensity:1. Select Display from the setup 2 page, using the steps described on page 159.2a. The flashing cursor highlights the backlight mode field. Rotate the small right knob (a)to select the desired mode: Auto or Manual. Press Eto accept the selection.3. If Manual is selected, the flashing cursor moves to the backlight level field. Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select the desired level. Press Eto accept the selection.To change the display contrast:1. Select Display from the setup 2 page, using the steps described on page 159.2b. Rotate the large right knob to highlight the contrast mode field.3. Rotate the small right knob (a) to select the desired mode: Auto or Manual. PressEto accept the selection.4. If Manual is selected, the flashing cursor moves to the contrast level field. Rotate thesmall right knob (a) to select the desired level. Press Eto accept the selection. NOTE8.33 kHz VHF communication frequency channel spacing is not approvedfor use in the United States. Select the 25.0 kHz channel spacing option.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 160
161AUX PAGESSetup 2 9Setup 2 Page: Nearest Airport CriteriaTo set the minimum runway length and runway surface:1. Select Nearest Airport Criteria from the setup 2 page, using the steps described onpage 159.2a. The flashing cursor highlights the runway surface field. Rotate the small right knob(a)to select the desired surface. The following options are available:• Any surface • Hard surfaces Only • Hard / Soft surfaces • Water landings only3. Press Eto accept the runway surface selection.4. The flashing cursor moves to the minimum runway length field. To enter a different mini-mum runway length, use the small(a) and large (d) right knobs to enter the desiredlength.  Press Ewhen finished.Setup 2 Page: COM ConfigurationTo set the COM channel spacing:1. Select COM Configuration from the setup 2 page, using the steps described on page 159.2b. The flashing cursor highlights the channel spacing field. Rotate the small right knob (a)to select the desired channel spacing: 8.33 kHz or 25.0 kHz. Press Ewhen finished.Restoring Factory SettingsWhen making changes to any setup 2 page option, a “Restore Defaults?”menuselection allows you to restore the original factory settings (for the selected option).To restore a setup 2 option to the original factory settings:1. Select the desired menu option from the setup 2 page, using the steps described onpage 159.2c. Press mto display a page options window. 3. With Restore Defaults? highlighted, press E.ba430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 161
162AUX PAGESSetup 29This page intentionally blank.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 162
MessagesThe GNS 430 uses a flashing “MSG” annunciator at the bottom ofthe screen (directly above the Mkey) to alert you of any importantinformation or warnings. While most messages are advisory innature, warning messages may require your intervention. Whenever the “MSG” annunciator flashes, press the Mkey todisplay the message. Press Magain to return to the previous page. The following is a list of available messages and their meanings:Airspace ahead -- less than 10 minutes—Your GPS-calculatedcourse is projected to enter a special use airspace within 10 minutes.This message is automatically disabled within 30 nautical miles of anarrival airport, when an approach is loaded.Airspace near and ahead—Your GPS-calculated position is within2 nautical miles of the boundary of a special use airspace and yourcourse is projected to enter the airspace within 10 minutes. Thismessage is automatically disabled within 30 nautical miles of anarrival airport, when an approach is loaded.Altitude input failure—The GNS 430 is configured to receive altitude serializer data (Icarus, Rosetta or Shadin) and it is not beingreceived. Or, the data was being received, but has been interrupted.If a grey code altitude input is available, it will be used instead. Ifthe problem persists, contact your GARMIN dealer and check the installation and installation settings. When this message occurs, nopilot action is required if enough satellites are available for a 3Dposition fix (provided no RAIM warnings are present). However, ifonly a 2D position fix is possible, the pilot should maintain the GPSaltitude within 1,000 feet of pressure altitude—by entering the altitude on the position page.Approach is not active—The approach could not transition to“active”, at 2 nautical miles or closer to the FAF. Verify that “SUSP”DOES NOT appear directly above the Okey, indicating the auto waypoint sequencing is suspended. This message also appears ifReceiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) has determinedthat sufficient GPS satellite coverage DOES NOT exist for the phaseof flight you are currently in (along with a “RAIM not available fromFAF to MAP” message).Approaching target altitude—The current GPS-computed alti-tude is within 500 feet of the final Vertical Navigation target altitude.Approaching VNAV profile—You are within one minute of reach-ing the initial Vertical Navigation descent, or climb, point.163MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10Section 10Messages, Abbreviations and Navigation Terminology430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 163
Arrival at waypoint [waypoint name]—You are within the arrivalalarm circle for the indicated waypoint. The size of the arrival alarmcircle is defined from the “CDI / alarms” menu option on the setup 1page.Cannot navigate locked FPL—You have attempted to navigate aflight plan (FPL) with one or more locked waypoints. A waypoint canbe “locked” when the NavData® card is replaced and thewaypoint(s) does not exist in the new database.Can’t change an active waypoint—An attempt has been made tomodify the position of the active “to” or “from” waypoint. The GNS430 will not allow modifications to user waypoints currently being utilized for navigation guidance.Can’t delete an active or FPL waypoint—An attempt has beenmade to delete the active “to” or “from” waypoint. The GNS 430 willnot allow you to delete user waypoints currently being utilized for navigation guidance.CDI key stuck—TheCkey is stuck in the enabled (or pressed”)state. Try pressing theCkey again to cycle its operation. If themessage persists, contact your GARMIN dealer for assistance.Check unit cooling—The GNS 430 has detected excessive displaybacklighting temperature. The backlighting has been automaticallydimmed to reduce the temperature. Check for adequate ventilation orcheck cooling air flow. Contact your GARMIN dealer for assistance.COM has failed—The GNS 430 has detected a failure in its com-munications transceiver. The COM transceiver is not available andthe unit should be returned to your GARMIN dealer for service.COM is not responding—Internal system-to-system communica-tion between the main processor and the COM transceiver hasfailed. Operational status of the COM transceiver is unknown andthe unit should be returned to your GARMIN dealer for service.COM needs service—The GNS 430 has detected a failure in itscommunications transceiver. The COM transceiver may still beusable, but the unit should be returned (at your earliest convenience)to your GARMIN dealer for service.COM push-to-talk key stuck—The external push-to-talk (PTT)switch is stuck in the enabled (or “pressed”) state. Try pressing thePTT switch again to cycle its operation. If the message persists, con-tact your GARMIN dealer for assistance.COM remote transfer key is stuck—The remote COM transferswitch is stuck in the enabled (or “pressed”) state. Try pressing theswitch again to cycle its operation. If the message persists, contactyour GARMIN dealer for assistance.COM transfer key stuck—The Wkey is stuck in the enabled (or“pressed”) state. Try pressing the Wkey again to cycle its operation.If the message persists, contact your GARMIN dealer for assistance.164MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 164
COM transmitter power has been reduced—The GNS 430 hasdetected excessive unit temperature and/or an insufficient voltagelevel. The COM transceiver transmit power has been automaticallyreduced to compensate for the condition. For excessive temperatures,check for adequate ventilation or check cooling air flow. If the mes-sage persists, contact your GARMIN dealer for assistance.Data card failure—The GNS 430 has detected a problem with theNavData® card. The data is not usable and the card should bereturned to Jeppesen or your GARMIN dealer.Data transfer cancelled (crossfill is busy)—An attempt to trans-fer flight plan data during a unit-to-unit crossfill was cancelled. Thehost unit is busy or unable to communicate. Wait until any previouscrossfill operation is complete, before re-attempting the transfer.Data transfer cancelled (data invalid)—An attempt to transfer a single user waypoint during a unit-to-unit crossfill was cancelled. Nowaypoint was specified on the crossfill page. Select a user waypointand re-attempt the transfer.Data transfer cancelled (version mismatch)—An attempt totransfer data during a unit-to-unit crossfill was cancelled. The database versions of the two GNS 430s are not identical.  If necessary, update the database(s) so they match. Contact Jeppesen oryour GARMIN dealer for assistance.Data transfer error, please re-transmit—An error was detectedduring unit-to-unit crossfill of user data (user waypoints and/or flightplans). The data transfer should be re-attempted.Data transfer is complete—The unit-to-unit crossfill of user waypoint data has finished.Database changed, validate user modified procedures—Youhave modified one or more approaches, departures or arrivals fromtheir original published form. When the NavData® card is replaced(database update), you must manually verify your changes in the newdatabase. This message will occur each time a flight plan containing amodified procedure (generated from a prior database version) is acti-vated. To eliminate the message, re-create the flight plan from thenew database, then make the desired modifications.Degraded accuracy—GPS position accuracy has been degradedand RAIM is not available. Poor satellite geometry (or coverage) hasresulted in a horizontal DOP greater than 4.0. Additional cross-checking using another navigation source is required to verify theintegrity of the GPS position. Display backlight failure—The GNS 430 has detected a failure inthe display backlighting. The unit should be taken to your GARMINdealer for service.Do not use for navigation—The GNS 430 is in Demo Mode andmust not be used for actual navigation.165MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 165
FPL has been truncated—The flight plan (FPL) was truncatedbecause not enough room existed to insert an approach, departure orarrival. This may occur upon power up when a database changeincreases the number of waypoints within an instrument procedure.FPL is full - remove unnecessary waypoints—An attempt hasbeen made to add more than 31 waypoints to a flight plan (FPL).The GNS 430 will not allow more than 31 waypoints per flight plan.FPL leg will not be smoothed—The upcoming flight plan (FPL)leg is too short for smooth waypoint transitions. Expect a rapidchange in the CDI.FPL waypoint is locked—At least one flight plan (FPL) waypointis locked because the waypoint has been removed from the currentNavData® card (database change), the data card is missing, or thedata card has failed.FPL waypoint moved—The position data for one or more flightplan (FPL) waypoints moved at least 0.33 arc minutes in the currentNavData® card (database change).FPL waypoint was deleted—At least one flight plan (FPL) way-point is no longer available when a new NavData® card wasinstalled (database change).G/S has failed—The GNS 430 has detected a failure in its glides-lope receiver. The glideslope receiver is not available and the unitshould be returned to your GARMIN dealer for service.G/S is not responding—Internal system-to-system communicationbetween the main processor and the glideslope receiver has failed.Operational status of the glideslope receiver is unknown and the unitshould be returned to your GARMIN dealer for service.G/S needs service—The GNS 430 has detected a failure in itsglideslope receiver. The glideslope receiver may still be usable, butthe unit should be returned (at your earliest convenience) to yourGARMIN dealer for service.GPS has failed—The GNS 430 has detected a failure in its GPSreceiver. The GPS receiver is not available and the unit should bereturned to your GARMIN dealer for service.GPS is not responding—Internal system-to-system communica-tion between the main processor and the GPS receiver has failed.Operational status of the GPS receiver is unknown and the unitshould be returned to your GARMIN dealer for service.GPS needs service—The GNS 430 has detected a failure in itsGPS receiver. The GPS receiver may still be usable, but the unitshould be returned (at your earliest convenience) to your GARMINdealer for service.GPS stored data was lost—Satellite almanac, ephemeris and timedata have been lost due to a memory battery failure, system reset ordata expiration (data over six months old).166MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 166
Heading input failure—The heading selection on the externalHSI’s (or CDI’s) OBS course selector cannot be read properly. YourGARMIN dealer may need to check the installation.Inside airspace—Your GPS-calculated position lies within theboundaries of a special use airspace. This message is automaticallydisabled within 30 nautical miles of an arrival airport, when anapproach is loaded.Invalid closest pt of FPL—A closest point cannot be created fromthe waypoint entered on the “Closest point of flight plan” window.This occurs when the selected waypoint is beyond the limits of alllegs in the flight plan, too far away, or when a unique waypoint namefor the closest point cannot be created.Invalid FPL modification—An attempt was made to modify thefinal course segment (FAF to MAP) of an instrument approach. TheGNS 430 will not allow the modifications.Invalid waypoint ident—An attempt was made to create a user waypoint with an invalid name. The GNS 430 will not allow spacesbetween characters in the waypoint name.MAIN processor requires service—The GNS 430 has detected afailure in the main system processor. The GNS 430 is not usable and should be taken to your GARMIN dealer for service.Memory battery low—The internal battery that sustains usermemory is low and should be replaced by a GARMIN dealer as soonas possible. Failure to do so may result in loss of stored data, includ-ing flight plans, user waypoints, unit settings and satellite data.Near airspace -- less than 2 nm—Your GPS-calculated position iswithin 2 nautical miles of a special use airspace boundary, but youare not projected to enter the airspace. This message is automaticallydisabled within 30 nautical miles of an arrival airport, when anapproach is loaded.Need altitude - display position page—The GPS receiver needsaltitude input in order to start and/or continue 2D navigation. Selectthe position page and verify the altitude reading. If the altitude is inerror by more than 500 feet, enter the current altitude as accuratelyas possible. An inaccurate altitude will directly translate into inaccu-rate position information.No altitude input is being received—No altitude data is beingreceived from RS-232 (Serializer: Icarus, Rosetta or Shadin) or greycode inputs. If the problem persists, contact your GARMIN dealerand check the installation and installation settings. When this mes-sage occurs, no pilot action is required if enough satellites are avail-able for a 3D position fix (provided no RAIM warnings are present).However, if only a 2D position fix is possible, the pilot should main-tain the GPS altitude within 1,000 feet of pressure altitude—byentering the altitude on the position page.167MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 167
No basemap data available—The GNS 430 has detected a failurein the built-in basemap (land data) memory. Land data will notappear on the map page. Other unit functions will continue to worknormally, however the GNS 430 should be taken to your GARMINdealer for service at your earliest convenience.Non-WGS84 wpt navigation—The active “to” and/or “from” way-points are based upon a map datum other than WGS 84 and cannotbe converted from that map datum to WGS 84. Expect some error inthe position of the waypoint(s) and cross-check with an alternatemeans of navigation.Not receiving input data on 429 Channel #1—No data hasbeen received on the ARINC 429 channel #1 connection for a periodexceeding five seconds. If the problem persists, the installation shouldbe checked by your GARMIN dealer.Not receiving input data on 429 Channel #2—No data hasbeen received on the ARINC 429 channel #2 connection for a periodexceeding five seconds. If the problem persists, the installation shouldbe checked by your GARMIN dealer.Not receiving input data on 232 Channel #1—No data hasbeen received on the RS-232 channel #1 connection for a periodexceeding ten seconds. If the problem persists, the installation shouldbe checked by your GARMIN dealer.OBS key stuck—TheOkey is stuck in the enabled (or pressed)state. Try pressing theOkey again to cycle its operation. If themessage persists, contact your GARMIN dealer for assistance.Poor GPS coverage—The GPS receiver cannot acquire a sufficientnumber of satellites to compute a position and provide navigation.Power down and re-initialize—The GNS 430 cannot calculate aposition due to abnormal satellite conditions. The unit is unusableuntil power has been cycled off and back on. Abnormal satellite conditions may exist and you may need to use an alternate means ofnavigation.RAIM is not available—Receiver Autonomous IntegrityMonitoring (RAIM) has determined that sufficient GPS satellite cov-erage DOES NOT exist for the phase of flight you are currently in.(The CDI/HSI NAV flag will also appear.) Select an alternate sourcefor navigation guidance, such as the GNS 430’s VLOC receiver.RAIM not available from FAF to MAP waypoints—When performing an instrument approach, Receiver Autonomous IntegrityMonitoring (RAIM) has determined that sufficient GPS satellite coverage DOES NOT exist to meet the required protection limits.Select an alternate source for navigation guidance, such as the GNS430’s VLOC receiver (for a VOR or localizer-based approach).168MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 168
RAIM position warning—Although sufficient GPS satellite cover-age may exist, Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)has determined the information from one or more GPS satellites maybe in error. The resulting GPS position may be in error beyond the limits allowed for your current phase of flight. Cross-check your posi-tion with an alternate navigation source. If the warning occurs duringa final approach segment (FAF to MAP), execute the publishedmissed approach.Scheduler message -- [user entered text]—The user-enteredscheduler message time has expired, and the scheduler message isdisplayed.Searching the sky—The GNS 430 is searching the sky for GPS satellite almanac data or the GPS receiver is in AutoLocate Mode.Allow the unit to complete data collection (approximately 5 minutes)before turning it off.Select appropriate frequency for approach—You are inboundand within 3 nautical miles of the FAF; and the active VLOC fre-quency does not match the published frequency for the approach.Tune the standby VLOC frequency to the proper frequency andpress the Vkey to “activate” the frequency.Select auto sequence mode—The Okey was pressed, dis-abling auto sequencing of waypoints (in a flight plan or instrument procedure). The Okey should be pressed again to enable autosequencing, because 1) no destination waypoint has been selected, or2) the GPS receiver cannot currently determine its position.Select VLOC on CDI for approach—You are inbound and within 3 nautical miles of the FAF; and the active approach is not aGPS-approved approach. Verify that the VLOC receiver is tuned tothe proper frequency and press the Ckey to display “VLOC”(directly above the Ckey).Set course to [###]°—The course select for the external CDI (orHSI) should be set to the specified course. The message will onlyoccur when the current selected course is greater than 10° differentfrom the desired track.Steep turn ahead—This message appears approximately oneminute prior to a turn in one of the following three conditions: 1) theturn requires a bank angle in excess of 25° in order to stay on course,2) the turn requires a course change greater than 175°, or 3) during a DME arc approach the turn anticipation distance exceeds90 seconds.Stored data was lost—All user waypoints, flight plans and system settings have been lost due to a memory battery failure or systemreset. 169MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 169
Timer has expired—The count down timer has reached zero.Unit configuration has changed—The GNS 430 has detected afailure (during initial power up) in its system configuration. Somesystem components may be unusable. Try cycling power off and backon. If the message persists, contact your GARMIN dealer for assistance.User card format unknown—A data card has been inserted, butthe format of the card is not recognized.VLOC has failed—The GNS 430 has detected a failure in itsVLOC receiver. The VLOC receiver is not available and the unitshould be returned to your GARMIN dealer for service.VLOC is not responding—Internal system-to-system communica-tion between the main processor and the VLOC receiver has failed.Operational status of the VLOC receiver is unknown and the unitshould be returned to your GARMIN dealer for service.VLOC needs service—The GNS 430 has detected a failure in itsVLOC receiver. The VLOC receiver may still be usable, but the unitshould be returned (at your earliest convenience) to your GARMINdealer for service.VLOC remote transfer key is stuck—The remote VLOC trans-fer switch is stuck in the enabled (or “pressed”) state. Try pressingthe switch again to cycle its operation. If the message persists, con-tact your GARMIN dealer for assistance.VLOC transfer key stuck—The Vkey is stuck in the enabled (or“pressed”) state. Try pressing the Vkey again to cycle its operation.If the message persists, contact your GARMIN dealer for assistance.Waypoint already exists—The name you have entered for a userwaypoint already exists in memory.Waypoint(s) have been replaced—One or more user waypointswere updated during a unit-to-unit crossfill operation.Waypoint memory is full—You have used all 1000 user waypointlocations in the GNS 430’s memory. Delete unwanted waypoint tomake room for new entries.WGS 84 datum has been selected—The system map datum waschanged to WGS 84 because the selected map datum was removedfrom the current NavData® card (database update), the data card ismissing or the data card has failed.170MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 170
AbbreviationsThe following is a list of abbreviations used on the GNS 430 andtheir meanings:ACTV—ActiveALT—AltitudeAPPRCHING—ApproachingAPR—ApproachAPT—AirportARSPC—AirspaceARTCC—Air Route Traffic Control CenterARVL—ArrivalAUX—AuxiliaryAVGAS—Aviation-grade GasolineAVTN—AviationBARO—Barometric PressureBRG—Bearing To°C—Degree CelsiusC/V—COM/VLOCCAS—Calibrated AirspeedCDI—Course Deviation IndicatorCLR—ClearCOM—Communications TransceiverCRSR—CursorCTA—ICAO Control AreaCTAF—Common Traffic Advisory FrequencyCTR—Center (see ARTCC)CTS—Course To SteerCUM—CumulativeDB—DatabaseDEN—DensityDEP—DepartureDIS—DistanceDME—Distance Measuring EquipmentDOP—Dilution of PrecisionDTK—Desired Track171MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 171
EFF—EfficiencyELEV—ElevationENDUR—EnduranceENR—En RouteENT—EnterEPE—Estimated Position ErrorESA—En Route Safe AltitudeETA—Estimated Time of ArrivalETE—Estimated Time En Route°F—Degrees FahrenheitFF—Fuel FlowFOB—Fuel On BoardFPL—Flight Planfpm—Feet Per MinuteFREQ—FrequencyFSS—Flight Service Stationft—FeetG/S—Glideslopegl—gallonsGPS—Global Positioning SystemGS—Ground SpeedHDG—Headinghg—Inches of MercuryHWY—HighwayID—Identifierig—Imperial GallonsILS—Instrument Landing SystemIND—IndicatedINT—IntersectionINTEG—Integritykg—KilogramskHz—Kilohertzkm—Kilometerskph—Kilometers Per Hourkt—KnotsLAT/LON—Latitude/Longitudelb—PoundsLCL—LocalLFOB—Left-over Fuel On BoardLOC—LocalizerLRES—Left-over Fuel Reserve TimeLrg—Largelt—Liters°M—Degrees Magneticm—Metersmb—Millibars of PressureMed—MediumMHz—Megahertzmi—Statute MilesMOA—Military Operations Areamph—Statute Miles Per Hourmpm—Meters Per Minute172MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 172
mps—Meters Per SecondMSA—Minimum Safe AltitudeMSG—MessageMSL—Mean Sea Levelmul—MulticomNATNL—NationalNAV—NavigationNAVAID—Navigational AidNDB—Non-Directional Radio Beaconnm—Nautical MilesNRST—NearestNUM—NumberOBS—Omnibearing SelectorP.POS—Present PositionPROC—Procedure(s)PROV—ProvincePWR—PowerRAD—RadialRAIM—Receiver Autonomous IntegrityMonitoringREF—ReferenceREQ—Required / RequirementsRESTRICTD—RestrictedRNG—RangeRX—ReceiveSID—Standard Instrument DepartureSml—SmallSPD—SpeedSQ—SquelchSRFC—SurfaceSTAR—Standard Terminal Arrival RouteSUA—Special Use Airspace°T—Degree TrueTACAN—Tactical Air NavigationTAS—True AirspeedTAT—Total Air TemperatureTEMP—TemperatureTERM—TerminalTKE—Track Angle ErrorTMA—ICAO Terminal Control AreaTRANS—TransitionTRK—Track (also Ground Track)TRSA—Terminal Radar Service Areatwr—TowerTX—Transmituni—UnicomUTC—Coordinated Universal Time(also GMT or “zulu”)VAR—VariationVER—Version173MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 173
VFR—Visual Flight RulesVLOC—VOR/Localizer ReceiverVNAV—Vertical NavigationVOL—VolumeVOR—VHF Omnidirectional RadioRangeVS—Vertical SpeedVSR—Vertical Speed RequiredWPT—WaypointWX—WeatherXTK—Crosstrack Error174MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 174
Navigation TermsThe following navigation terms are usedon the GNS 430:ALT(altitude)—Height above mean sealevel (MSL).BRG(bearing)—The compass directionfrom your present position to a destinationwaypoint.CAS(calibrated airspeed)—Indicatedairspeed corrected for instrument errors. CTS(course to steer)—The recommend-ed direction to steer in order to reducecourse error or stay on course. Provides themost efficient heading to get back to thedesired course and proceed along yourflight plan.CUM(cumulative)—The total of all legsin a flight plan (such as “cumulative dis-tance”).DIS(distance)—The “great circle” dis-tance from your present position to a desti-nation waypoint.DOP(dilution of precision)—A measureof satellite geometry quality on a scale ofone to ten (lowest numbers are best, highestnumbers are worst).DTK(desired track)—The desired coursebetween the active “from” and “to” way-points.EFF(efficiency)—A measure of fuel con-sumption, expressed in distance per fuelunits (e.g., nautical miles per gallon).ENDUR(endurance)—Flight endurance,or total available flight time based uponavailable fuel.EPE(estimated position error)—A mea-sure of satellite geometry quality and addi-tional factors, expressed as a horizontal posi-tion error in feet or meters.ESA(en route safe altitude)—The rec-ommended minimum altitude within tenmiles, left or right, of your desired courseon an active flight plan or direct-to.ETA(estimate time of arrival)—Theestimated time at which you will reach yourdestination waypoint, based upon currentspeed and track.ETE(estimated time en route)—Thetime it will take to reach the destinationwaypoint, from present position, based uponcurrent ground speed.FF(fuel flow)—The fuel flow rate,expressed in fuel units per time (e.g., gallons per hour).FOB(fuel on board)—The total amountof usable fuel on board the aircraft.GS(ground speed)—The velocity you aretravelling relative to a ground position. 175MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10WPT 1XTKNORTHWPT 2BRGGSDISAIRPLANEDTKTRK430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 175
HDG(heading)—The direction an aircraftis pointed, based upon indications from amagnetic compass or a properly set direc-tional gyro.IND(indicated)—Information providedby properly calibrated and set instrumenta-tion in the aircraft panel (e.g., “indicatedaltitude”).LFOB(left-over fuel onboard)—Theamount of fuel remaining on board after thecompletion of a one or more legs of a flightplan (or a direct-to).LRES(left-over fuel reserve)—Theamount of fuel remaining on board after thecompletion of a one or more legs of a flightplan (or a direct-to), expressed in time andbased upon a known fuel consumption(flow) rate.MSA(minimum safe altitude)—UsesGrid Minimum Off-route Altitudes (GridMORAs) to determine a safe altitude withinten miles of your present position. GridMORAs are one degree latitude by onedegree longitude in size and clear all refer-ence points within the grid by 1000 feet inareas where the highest reference point is5000 feet MSL or lower. If the highest ref-erence point is above 5000 feet, the GridMORA will clear the highest referencepoint by 2000 feet.TKE(track angle error)—The angle dif-ference between the desired track and yourcurrent track. An arrow indicates the properdirection to turn to reduce TKE to zero.TRK(track)—The direction of movementrelative to a ground position. Also referredto as “ground track”.VSR(vertical speed required)—The ver-tical speed necessary to descend/climb fromcurrent position and altitude to a definedtarget position and altitude, based uponyour current ground speed.XTK(crosstrack error)—The distanceyou are off a desired course in either direc-tion, left or right.176MESSAGES,aBBREVIATIONS& nav tERMS10VERTICAL NAVIGATION PROFILEVERTICAL SPEED REQUIREDDISTANCE TO TARGETTIME AND DISTANCE        TO PROFILETARGET ALTITUDE   AND POSITIONAIRPORTCURRENT ALTITUDE   AND POSITIONVertical Navigation430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 176
Appendix A: NavData Card UseThe Jeppesen NavData® card supplied with your GNS 430 can be installed orremoved when the GNS 430 is on or off. Insert the card with the swing arm handleat the bottom and the label facing to the left (see illustration right). If the NavDatacard is not present when the unit is turned on, you will receive a “No JeppesenAviation Database - Limited to user defined waypoints” message on the databaseconfirmation page. If the NavData card is removed during operation, a “Data cardremoved-Unit will restart in 30 seconds” warning. A counter will begin to countdown and, if the card is not replaced within 30 seconds, the GNS 430 will automati-cally reinitialize. You may also reinitialize the unit manually by pressing E.To insert the NavData card:1a. Place the card into the NavData card slot, with the label facing to the left and the swingarm handle at the bottom front.2a. Press the NavData card into place until it seats on the internal connector and the front ofthe card is flush with the face of the GNS 430 unit.3a. If the swing arm handle is up, gently lower the handle and push it into placeflush withthe face of the GNS 430 unit.To remove the NavData card:1b. Gently press on the tabusing a slight upward motionat the front center of theNavData card. This will partially deploy the swing arm handle.2b. Rotate the swing arm handle upward (and outward) until it locks into place, perpendicularto the face of the GNS 430 unit.3b. Grasp the top and bottom surfaces of the swing arm handle, between your thumb andforefinger, and pull directly away from the face of the GNS 430 unit to unseat the con-nector and remove the NavData card. 177NAVDATA ®CARD USEANOTEThere are two data card slots on the face of the GNS 430. TheJeppesen NavData® card should be inserted in the left-most slot. Thesecond slot is provided for future options and expansion capabilities.APPENDIXbbb430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 177
PHYSICALUnit Size: 6.25”W x 11.00”D x 2.65”H(159mm x 279mm x 67mm)Unit Weight: 6.6 pounds installed (3.0 kg)POWERInput: 27.5 Volts DC (-0x version)13.8/27.5 Volts DC (-1x version)ENVIRONMENTALTemperature: -20°C to +55°C (operating range)(-4°F to +131°F)Humidity: 95% non-condensingAltitude: -1,500 ft to 50,000 ft(-457m to 15,240m)GPS PERFORMANCEReceiver: 12 parallel channel PhaseTrac12™Acquisition Time: 12 seconds (warm)45 seconds (cold)Update Rate: Once per second, continuousAccuracy: Position—15 meters (49 ft) RMS*Velocity—0.1 knot RMS steady stateDynamics: 999 kts maximum velocity6g maximum accelerationVHF COM PERFORMANCEChannels: 760 (25 kHz spacing) or2280 (8.33 kHz spacing)Frequency Range: 118.000 MHz to 136.975 MHzTransmit Power: 10 watts minimumVOR PERFORMANCEFrequency Range: 108.00 MHz to 117.95 MHzLOCALIZER PERFORMANCEFrequency Range: 108.10 MHz to 111.95 MHzGLIDESLOPE PERFORMANCEFrequency Range: 329.15 MHz to 335.00 MHzINTERFACESARINC 429; Aviation RS-232; CDI/HSI; RMI (digital:clock/data); Superflag Out; Altitude (serial: Icarus, Shadin,Rosetta or encoded: Gillham/Greycode); Fuel Sensor;Fuel/Air DataAppendix B: Specifications178PROCEDURESApproach Examples5* Subject to accuracy degradation to 100m 2DRMS under the U.S. DOD-imposed Selective Availability Program.BSPECIFICATIONSAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 178
AdindanEthiopia, Mali,Senegal, SudanAfgooyeSomaliaAIN EL ABD 1970Bahrain Island,Saudi ArabiaAnna 1 Astro 1965Cocos IslandsARC 1950Botswana, Lesotho,Malawi, Swaziland,Zaire, Zambia,ZimbabweARC 1960Kenya, TanzaniaAscension Is 1958Ascension IslandAstro B4 Sorol AtollTern IslandAstro Beacon “E”Iwo Jima IslandAstro Dos 71/4St. Helena IslandAstronomic Stn 1952Marcus IslandAustralian Geod 1966Australia, TasmaniaIslandAustralian Geod 1984Australia, TasmaniaIslandAUSTRIA NSAustriaBELGIUM 1950BelgiumBellevue (IGN)Efate andErromango IslandsBermuda 1957Bermuda IslandsBogota ObservatoryColombiaBUKIT RIMPAHIndonesiaCAMP AREA ASTROAntarcticaCampo InchauspeArgentinaCanton Astro 1966Phoenix IslandsCapeSouth AfricaCape CanaveralFlorida, BahamaIslandsCarthageTunisiaCH-1903SwitzerlandChatham 1971Chatham Island(New Zealand)Chua AstroParaguayCorrego AlegreBrazilDANISH GI 1934DenmarkDjakarta (BATAVIA)Sumatra Island(Indonesia)Dos 1968Gizo Island (New GeorgiaIslands)Easter Island 1967Easter IslandEuropean 1950Austria, Belgium,Denmark, Finland,France, Germany,Gibraltar, Greece,Italy, Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway, Portugal,Spain, Sweden,SwitzerlandEuropean 1979Austria, Finland,Netherlands,Norway, Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandFinland Hayford 1910FinlandG. SEGARABorneoGandajika BaseRepublic ofMaldivesGeodetic Datum 1949New ZealandGGRS 87GreeceGuam 1963Guam IslandGux 1 AstroGuadalcanal IslandHerat NorthAfghanistanHjorsey 1955IcelandHong Kong 1963Hong KongHU-TZU-SHANTaiwanIndian Bngldsh NEPALBangladesh, India,NepalINDIAN MEAN VALUEIndiaIndian Thailand VietnThailand, VietnamINDONESIA 74IndonesiaIreland 1965IrelandISTS 073 Astro 1969Diego GarciaJohnston Island 1961Johnston IslandKANDAWALASri LankaKerguelen IslandKerguelen IslandKertau 1948West Malaysia,SingaporeL.C. 5 AstroCayman Brac IslandLiberia 1964LiberiaLUZON MEAN VALUEPhilippinesLuzon Mindanao IsMindanao IslandLuzon PhilippinesPhilippines (excludingMindanao Isl.)Mahe 1971Mahe IslandMarco AstroSalvage IslandsMassawaEritrea (Ethiopia)MerchichMoroccoMidway Astro 1961Midway IslandMinnaNigeriaNAD27 AlaskaNorth American1927- AlaskaNAD27 BahamasBahamas (excludingSan Salvador Island)179Appendix C: Map DatumsMAPDATUMSCAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 179
NAD27 CanadaCanada (includingNewfoundlandIsland)NAD27 Canal ZoneCanal ZoneNAD27 CaribbeanCaribbean(Barbados, CaicosIslands, Cuba,Dom. Rep., Grd.Cayman, Jamaica,Leeward and TurksIslands)NAD27 Centrl AmericaCentral America(Belize, Costa Rica,El Salvador,Guatemala,Honduras,Nicaragua)NAD27 CONUSMean Value(Continental U.S.)NAD27 CubaCubaNAD27 GreenlandGreenland (HayesPeninsula)NAD27 MexicoMexicoNAD27 San Salvadr IsSan Salvador IslandNAD83North American1983- Alaska,Canada, Central America,CONUS, MexicoNahrwan Masirah IsMasirah Island(Oman)Nahrwan Saudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaNahrwan Unitd Arab EUnited ArabEmiratesNaparima BWITrinidad andTobagoNetherland TRIAG ‘21NetherlandsNOU TRIAG FranceFranceNOU TRIAG Luxembourg LuxembourgObservatorio 1966Corvo and FloresIslands (Azores)Old EgyptianEgyptOld Hawaiian KauaiKauaiOld Hawaiian MauiMauiOld Hawaiian MEANMean ValueOld Hawaiian OahuOahuOmanOmanOrd Srv Grt BritainEngland, Isle ofMan, Scotland,Shetland Islands,WalesPico De Las Nieves Canary IslandsPitcairn Astro 1967 Pitcairn IslandPORTUGUESE 1973 PortugalPOTSDAM GermanyProv So American ‘56 Bolivia,Chile,Colombia,Ecuador, Guyana,Peru, VenezuelaProv SO Chilean 1963 South ChilePuerto Rico Puerto Rico & VirginIsl.Qatar National QatarQornoq South GreenlandReunion Mascarene IslandRome 1940 Sardinia IslandRT 90 SwedenSanto (Dos) Espirito Santo IslandSao Braz Sao Miguel, SantaMaria Islands(Azores)Sapper Hill 1943 East Falkland IslandSchwarzeck NamibiaSouth American 1969 Argentina, Bolivia,Brazil, Chile,Colombia, Ecuador,Guyana, Paraguay,Peru, Venezuela,Trinidad/TobagoSouth Asia SingaporeSouthEast Base Porto Santo andMadeira IslandsSouthWest Base Faial, Graciosa, Pico,Sao Jorge andTerceira Islands(Azores) Tananarive obsv 1925 MadagascarTimbalai 1948 Brunei and EastMalaysia (Sarawakand Sabah)Toky o Japan, Korea,OkinawaTristan Astro 1968 Tristan da CunhaViti Levu 1916 Viti LevuIsland/FijiIslandsWake-Eniwetok 1960 Marshall IslandsWGS 72 World GeodeticSystem 1972WGS 84 World GeodeticSystem 1984YACARE UruguayZanderij SurinamC180MAPDATUMSAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 180
Appendix D: Troubleshooting Q & AThis section is designed to answer some of the common questions regarding the GNS 430’scapabilities and operation. If you have a problem operating the unit, read through this appendixand refer to the reference section noted. If you don’t find answers to your particular question here,use the index to find the appropriate section elsewhere in this manual. If, after reading through theappropriate reference section, you still haven’t found the answer to your question, please see yourauthorized dealer or contact GARMIN directly at the address or phone numbers listed on page iv.GARMIN is dedicated to supporting its products and customers.What is RAIM, and how does it affect approach operations?RAIM is an acronym for Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring, a GPS receiver function that performs a consistency check on alltracked satellites. RAIM ensures that the available satellite geometry will allow the receiver to calculate a position within a specified protectionlimit (2 nautical miles for oceanic and en route, 1 nm for terminal and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches).During oceanic, en route and terminal phases of flight, RAIM will be available nearly 100% of the time. Because of the tighter protectionlimit on approaches, there may be times when RAIM is not available. The GNS 430 automatically monitors RAIM and will warn you with analert message (see Section 10) when it is not available, and the INTEG annunciator (                 ) will appear at the bottom left corner of thescreen. If RAIM is not available when crossing the FAF, the pilot must fly the missed approach procedure. The GNS 430’s RAIM predictionfunction (see page 146) will also allow you to see whether RAIM will be available for a specified date and time.181TROUBLE-SHOOTINGDAPPENDIXNOTEIf RAIM is not predicted to be available for the final approach course, the approach will not become active—as indicated by an“Approach is not active” message, a “RAIM not available from FAF to MAP” message and the INTEG annunciator.430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 181
Why arent there any approachesavailable for my flight plan?Approaches are available for the final destinationairport in a flight plan or as a direct-to (keep inmind that some VOR/VORTAC identifiers are simi-lar to airport identifiers). If a destination airportdoes not have a GPS approach, the GNS 430 will indicate “NONE” for the available procedures—aslisted on the airport approach page. For more information on selecting an approach, see page 66.What happens when I select an approach? Can I store a flight plan with an approach, departure or arrival?Whenever you load an approach, departure or arrival into the active flight plan, a set ofapproach, departure or arrival waypoints is inserted into the flight plan—along with a header linedescribing the instrument procedure you selected. The original en route portion of the flight planwill remain active, unless you “Activate” the instrument procedure; which may be done when theprocedure is loaded or at a later time. Flight plans can also be stored with an approach, departure or arrival. Keep in mind thatthe active flight plan is erased when the unit is turned off and overwritten when another flightplan is activated. When storing flight plans with an approach, departure or arrival, the GNS 430 will use the waypoint information from thecurrent database to define the waypoints. If the database is changed or updated, the GNS 430 will automatically update the information if theprocedure has not been modified. If an approach, departure or arrival procedure is no longer available, the flight plan will become locked untilthe procedure is deleted from the flight plan or the correct database is installed. For information on loading an approach, departure or arrival,see page 66. See page 57 for instructions on saving and copying flight plans.Can I file slant Golf (/G) using my GPS?Yes, you may file your flight plan as /G if your GNS 430 is a certified A1 or A2 installation. If you are flying en route, you may fly /G with anexpired database only after you have verified all route waypoints. Non-precision approaches may not be flown with an expired database. Seeyour approved Airplane Flight Manual Supplement for more information.182DTROUBLE-SHOOTINGAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 182
What does the Okey do and when do I use it?The Okey is used to select manual (OBS mode) or automatic  sequencing of waypoints.Activating OBS mode (as indicated by an                  annunciation directly above the Okey)holds your current ‘active to’ waypoint as your navigation reference and prevents the GPS fromsequencing to the next waypoint. When OBS mode is cancelled, automatic waypoint sequencing isselected, and the GNS 430 will automatically select the next waypoint in the flight plan once theaircraft has crossed the present active-to waypoint.NORMAL (no “OBS” annunciator) OBSAutomatic sequencing of waypoints Manual sequencing- ‘holds’ on selected waypointChange in HSI does not affect CDI deflection Manually select course to next waypoint from HSIAlways navigates ‘TO’ the active waypoint Will indicate ‘TO’ or ‘FROM’ waypointMust be in this mode for final approach course   Cannot be set for final approach course or published holding patternsWhenever OBS mode is active, the GNS 430 allows you to select the desired course to/from a waypoint using the HSI (much like a VOR) anddisplay a to/from flag for the active-to waypoint. If an external course input is not available, you may select the OBS course on-screen, via a “SelectOBS Course pop-up window. With OBS mode cancelled, the CDI will always display a ‘TO’ indication for the next waypoint once you’ve crossedthe active waypoint (provided the active waypoint is not the last waypoint). Refer to page 72 for an example using the Okey.One application for the Okey is holding patterns. The Okey is used to suspend waypoint sequencing and select the desired course alongthe waypoint side of the hold. For many approach operations, setting and resetting of waypoint sequencing is automatic. Holding patterns that arepart of an approach will automatically disable waypoint sequencing, then re-enable waypoint sequenc-ing after one time around the holding pattern. A “SUSP” annunciation will appear directly above theOkey (see illustration left) to indicate that automatic waypoint sequencing is temporarily suspend-ed and course selection is not available. If more than one trip around the holding pattern is desired,press the Okey to again suspend waypoint sequencing. An example of this operation is anapproach which begins with a holding pattern at the initial approach fix (IAF). See page 73 for moreinformation on the “SUSP” annunciation and approaches with holding patterns.183TROUBLE-SHOOTINGDAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 183
When should I use the O key toreturn to auto sequencing, and whathappens when I do?The most common application for using the Okey is the missed approach. The GNS 430 will sus-pend automatic waypoint sequencing (indicated bya “SUSP” annunciation directly above the Okey;see right) when you cross the missed approach point(MAP). This prevents the GNS 430 from automatically sequencing to the missed approach holdingpoint (MAHP). If a missed approach is required, press the Okey to return to automatic way-point sequencing and sequence the approach to the MAHP. See page 72 for more information on missed approaches.Why wont my unit automatically sequence to the next waypoint?The GNS 430 will only sequence flight plan waypoints when automatic sequencing is enabled (i.e., no “OBS” or “SUSP” annunciationdirectly above the Okey). For automatic sequencing to occur, you must also cross the “bisector” of the turn you are navigating. The bisectoris a perpendicular line between two flight plan legs which crosses through the waypoint common to both legs.How do I skip a waypoint in an approach, departure or arrival?The GNS 430 allows you to manually select any approach, departure or arrival leg as theactive leg of your flight plan. This procedure is performed from the active flight plan page byhighlighting the desired waypoint and pressing Dtwice, then Eto approve the selection(see illustration right). The GPS will then provide navigation along the selected flight plan leg, sobe sure you have clearance to that position. See page 65 for more information.How do I fly the GPS with an autopilot and DG heading bug?If you do not have an HSI, you should make your course selections on the external CDI’s OBS knob and the DG heading bug.184DTROUBLE-SHOOTINGAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 184
When does turn anticipation begin, and what bank angle is expected?The GNS 430 will smooth adjacent leg transitions based upon a nominal 15º bank angle (withthe ability to roll up to 25º) and provide three pilot cues for turn anticipation: 1) A waypoint alert(“NEXT DTK ###°”) will flash in the lower right corner of the screen 10 seconds before the turnpoint. 2) A flashing turn advisory (“TURN TO###°”) will appear in the lower right corner of thescreen when you are to begin the turn. Set the HSIto the next DTK value and begin the turn. 3) TheTo/From indicator on the HSI (or CDI) will flipmomentarily to indicate that you have crossed themidpoint of the turn. For more information on waypoint alerts and turn advisories, see section 5.When does the CDI scale change, and what does it change to?The GNS 430 will begin a smooth CDI scale transition from the 5.0 nm (enroute mode) to the 1.0 nm (ter-minal mode) scale 30 nm from the destination airport (see left). The CDI scale will further transition to 0.3nm (approach mode) at 2 nm prior to the FAF during an active approach. If you are in a missed approachsituation, and would like to return the CDI to the 1 nm scale, activate themissed approach sequence by pressing the Okey, as described onpage 72.  The CDI scale will also be 1.0 nm (terminal mode) within 30 nm of the departure airport.Why does my CDI not respond like a VOR when OBSmode is active?Unlike a VOR, the CDI scale used on GPS equipment is based on thecross-track distance to the desired course, not an angular relationship tothe destination (see right). Therefore, the CDI deflection on the GPS willbe constant regardless of the distance to the destination, and will notbecome less sensitive when you are further away from the destination.For more information on the CDI scale, see page 153.1855 n m5 n m 5 n m5 n m2nm 2nm0.3 nm30 nm2nmFAFMAP1 nm1 nm5 nm1 minuteTROUBLE-SHOOTINGDAPPENDIXCDI Scale Transition CDI Comparison: GPS vs. VORApproachEnrouteTerminal430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 185
What is the correct missed approach procedure? How do I select themissed approach holding point?To comply with TSO specifications, the GNS 430 will not automatically sequence past theMAP. The active-to waypoint will sequence to the first waypoint in the missed approach proce-dure, whenever the Okey is pressed AFTER crossing the MAP. All published missedapproach procedures must be followed, as indicated on the approach plate. To execute the missed approach procedure prior to the MAP (not recommended), select the active flight plan page and use the Dkey (by pressing it twice) to activate the missed approachportion of the procedure, as described on page 65.How do I re-select the same approach or activate a new approach after a missed approach?After flying all missed approach procedures, you may reactivate the same approach for another attempt from the procedures page. Once youhave been given clearance for another attempt, activate the approach from the procedures page by highlighting “Activate Approach?” and thenpressing  E. The GNS 430 will provide navigation along the desired course to the waypoint and rejoin the approach in sequence from thatpoint on. See page 65 for information on activating a specific flight plan leg.To activate a new approach for the same airport, select the new procedure from the procedures page. To view the procedures page, pressPand rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight “Select Approach?”. Press Eand rotate the large right knob (h) to highlight the newapproach you want to fly. Press Eto select the approach, then select the desired transition. Finally, highlight “Activate?” at the bottom rightcorner of the screen and press Eto activate the new approach.To activate a new approach to a different airport, press Dand select the desired airport using the small (a) and large (h) right knobs.Press Eto accept the selected airport, then follow the steps in the preceding paragraph to select an approach for the new airport. See sec-tion 5 for more information on selecting and activating approaches.186DTROUBLE-SHOOTINGAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 186
AAbbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171-174Accessory list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiActivating a flight plan  . . . . . . . .20, 56, 58Activating a flight plan leg  . . . . . . . .60, 65Activating a flight plan in reverse56 ,58, 61Activating an approach  . . . . . . . . . . .67-69Active flight plan options  . . . . . . . . .60-63Active frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 22, 131Active leg  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Active to & from waypoints  . . . . . . . . . .13Active flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 54, 59Addresses, GARMIN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i, ivAirport approach page  . . . . . . .94, 102-103Airport frequencies . . . . .39-40, 94, 99-101Airport information  . . .17, 35, 97-107, 123Airport location page  . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 97Airport runway page . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 98Airport type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97Airspace alert messages . .18, 127, 152, 154Airspace information  .34, 97, 127-130, 154Altitude  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41, 45-48, 175Altitude buffer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152, 154Approach procedures  . . . . . . . . .15, 66-93Approaches . . . .15, 61, 63, 66-93, 103, 182Approach available, at airport  . . . . . . . .97Arrivals . . . . . . . . . . . . .15, 62, 94, 104-105Arrival alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153, 155Automatic sequencing  . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Automatic squelch  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 21Automatic zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32, 35-36Auto-tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-25, 132-135AUX page group  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135-161Aviation data (on map) . . . . . . . . . . . .35-36BBacklighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159-160Bearing (BRG)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175Bearing measurements (on map)  . . . . . .37CCautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiCDI   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13, 28, 88, 90, 134CDI key  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 91, 134CDI scale  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153, 155, 185CDI switching  . . . . . . . . . .86-88, 153, 155Checklists  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145, 147CLR (clear) key  . . . . . . . . . .2, 9-10, 28, 32Closest point of flight plan (FPL) . . . . . .63COM configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . .160-161COM flip-flop key  . . . . . . . . .1, 8, 22, 122COM power/volume knob  . . . . . . . . . . . .1COM squelch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21COM volume  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21COM window  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 22-23Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159-160Conventions, manual  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vCopying flight plans  . . . . . . . . . .57-58, 61Course from Fix flight plan legs  . . . .82-85Creating a flight plan  . . . . . . . . .19, 54, 58Creating user waypoints  . . . . . . . .112-114Crossfill  . . . . . . . . . . . .30, 58, 60, 136, 142Cursor knobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2, 8DData fields  . . .9, 13, 29, 37, 42, 60, 63, 175Date & time  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154, 158 187INDEXEAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 187
Database confirmation page . . . . . . . . . . .4Database subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Declutter map  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Default NAV page  . . . . . . . . .10, 13, 27-30Deleting all flight plans  . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Deleting flight plans  . . . . . . . . . .57-58, 61Deleting user waypoints  . . . . . . . .116-118Density altitude  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139, 142Departure time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148Departures . . . . . . . . . . . . .15, 92, 106-107Desired track (DTK)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175Direct-to cancelling  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Direct-to key  . . .2, 12, 49-53, 65, 121, 184Direct-to manual course selection  . . . . .53Direct-to navigation  .12, 17, 34, 49-53, 121Display backlighting  . . . . . . . . . . .159-160Display contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159-160Distance (DIS)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175Distance measurements (on map)  . . . . .37DME arcs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76-78DOP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44, 46, 175Duplex operations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126Duplicate waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96EEditing flight plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55, 64Editing user waypoints  . . . . . . . . .114-115Emergency channel select  . . . . . . . . . . .26ENT (enter) key  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2EPE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44, 46, 175Emergency channel select  . . . . . . . . . . .26ETA (estimated time of arrival)  . . . . . .175ETE (estimated time en route) . . . . . . .175FField elevation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97Flight plans  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 54-65Flight plan catalog  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 54Flight plan catalog options  . . . . . . . .58-59Flight plan comments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Flight planning page  . . . . . . . . . . .135-144Flight timers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145-149Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iFPL (flight plan) key  . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 19Frequency fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Frequency selection . . . .8, 9, 14, 22-26, 87,  . . . . . . . . . . . . .110,122, 124-127, 131-133Frequency usage restrictions  . . . . .40, 100Fuel planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138-139Fuels available, at airport  . . . . . . . . . . . .97Full screen map display  . . . . . . . . . . . . .37GGeneric timer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148Going to a nearest airport . . . . . . . . . . .121GPS receiver status . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44-46GPS window  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Graphic track indicator  . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Ground speed (GS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176Ground track (TRK)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176HHold (in an approach)  . . . . . . . . . . . .72-75Holding patterns  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186188EINDEXAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 188
IIdent audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129ILS approaches  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86-92Installation of NavData card  . . . . . . . .177INTEG annunciation  . . . . . . . .5, 146, 181Intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 108Inverting flight plans  . . . . . . . . .56, 58, 61KKey functions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3Knob functions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2LLand data (on map)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-36Land data page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Loading an approach . . . . . . . . . . . . .66-69Local time setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158Locked waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166MMagnetic variation  . . . . . . . . . . . .153, 156Main page groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 11Manual conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vManual sequence (course from fix legs)  .85Map datums  . . . . . . . . . .154, 157, 179-180Map declutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Map direct-to  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Map orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-36Map page  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-11, 27, 30-38Map page options  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-38Map panning  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Map scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-32, 98Map setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32, 35-36Max speed  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149Measurement units . . . . . . . . . . . .153, 156MENU key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Message page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 163-171Missed approaches  . . . . . . . . . . . . .70, 186MSA (minimum safe altitude)  . . . . . . . .41MSG (message) key  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 5NNAV page group  . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 27-48NAVCOM page  . . . . . . . .10, 13-14, 39-40NavData cards  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Navigation terms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175-176NDBs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 109Nearest airport page  . . . . .16-17, 119-123,  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160-161Nearest airspace  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62-65Nearest center (ARTCC) page 16, 119, 125Nearest FSS page  . . . . . .16, 119, 126-127Nearest intersection page . . . . . . . .16, 119Nearest NDB page  . . . . . . . . . . . . .16, 119Nearest user waypoints page  . . . . .16, 119Nearest VOR page  . . . . .16, 119, 123, 132NRST page group  . . . . . . . . . .16, 119-130OOBS key . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 72, 74, 183-186Odometer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149Overzoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32189INDEXEAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 189
PPacking list  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiiPage groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 11, 27, 94Pointer, panning  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Position format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154, 157Position page  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 41-43Power/volume knob  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 4Power on (normal)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4PROC (procedures) key  . . . . . . . .3, 15, 66Procedure turns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69-71Procedures page  . . . . . . . . . . . . .15, 66-67PUSH C/V (small left) knob  . . . . . . . . . . .1PUSH CRSR (small right) knob . . . . . . . .2RRAIM prediction . . . . . . . . . .146, 150, 181RAIM protection limits  . . . . . . . . . . . .153Radar coverage information  . . . . . . . . .101Reference waypoint . . . . . . . . .42, 112-115Removal of NavData card  . . . . . . . . . .177Removing approaches  . . . . . . . . . . . .63-64Removing arrivals  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63-64Removing departures  . . . . . . . . . . . .63-64Renaming user waypoints  . . . . . . . . . .117RNG (range) key  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Roads (on map)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-36Runway information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98SSatellite status page . . . . . . . . .5, 10, 44-46Scheduler messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144Scroll bar  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 120Selecting approaches  . . . . . . . . .61, 66, 68Selecting arrivals  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62, 66Selecting departures . . . . . . . . . . . . .62, 66Self-test (power-on)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Setup 1 page  . . . . . . . . . . . . .135, 152-158Setup 2 page  . . . . . . . . . . . . .135, 159-161SIDs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Signal strength  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Sky view  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Software/database versions . . . . . .146, 151Sorting flight plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Specifications   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178Standby frequency  . . . . . . . . . . .6, 22, 133STARs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Stuck microphone  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26SUSP annunciation . . . . . . . . . .72, 74, 183Sunrise/sunset times   . . . . . . . . . .146, 151Squelch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 21Symbols, default NAV page  . . . . . . . . . .28Symbols, map page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31TTable of contents  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v-viTarget pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175-1763D GPS navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Time  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154, 158Timers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145-149Track (TRK)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Transitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68-87, 102Trip planning  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135, 140Trip statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146, 149190EINDEXAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 190
Trip timer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145, 149True air speed  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137, 141Tuning cursor  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Turn advisories  . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-87, 185Turn anticipation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1852D GPS navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45UUnits of measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153, 156User waypoint list  . . . . . . . . . . . . .116-117User waypoint page  . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 111Utility page  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135, 145-151VVectors-to-final  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67, 79-81Vertical navigation (VNAV)  . . . . . . . .46-48Vertical navigation page . . . . . . . .10, 46-48VLOC audio  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131VLOC flip-flop key 1, 8-9, 91, 124, 132-134VLOC volume knob  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1VLOC window . . . . . . . . . . .8, 23, 131-133Volume  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 4, 21, 131VORs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94VSR (vertical speed required)  . . . . . . .176WWarranty  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ivWaypoint alerts  . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-89, 185Waypoint entry  . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 112-114Waypoint holding   . . . . . . . . . . . . .183-184Waypoint identifiers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95Waypoint list (user waypoints) . . . .116-117Waypoint sequencing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Weather broadcasts  . . . . . . . . . . . .109-110Winds aloft  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137, 141WPT page group  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94-118191INDEXEAPPENDIX430MANF.qxd  7/24/00  4:44 PM  Page 191
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