Garmin Gps 12Xl Users Manual Rev C

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Owner’s

Manual

&Reference

GPS

12XL

Personal

Navigator

®

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 1

Software Version 3.0 or above

© 1997 GARMIN Corporation

1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 USA

Tel: 913-397-8200 or 800-800-1020

Fax: 913-397-8282

GARMIN (Europe) Ltd.

Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9AQ UK

Tel: 011-44-1794-519944

Fax: 011-44-1794-519222

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in

any form or by any means including photocopying and recording, for any purpose

without the express written permission of GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN

reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the con-

tent without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes.

GARMIN, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate, TracBack, and PhaseTrac12 are all

trademarks of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the expressed per-

mission of GARMIN.

June 1997 - Part Number 190-00134-00 Rev. C - Printed in Taiwan

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 2

GPS 12XL

Operator’s

Manual

Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS 12XL —the smallest, easi-

est-to-use GPS navigator for outdoor use! The GPS 12XL represents

GARMIN’s continuing commitment to provide quality navigation informa-

tion in a versatile and user-friendly flexible design you’ll enjoy for years.

To get the most from your new GPS, take the time to read through the

owner’s manual in order to understand the operating features of the GPS

12XL. This manual is organized into four sections for your convenience:

Introduction gives a quick overview of the manual and contains the

table of contents and the glossary of navigational terms.

Getting Started introduces you to the basic features of the unit and

provides a quick-start orientation to the GPS 12XL.

Reference provides details about the advanced features and opera-

tions of the GPS 12XL by topic.

The Appendix section contains initialization instructions and items

with multiple listings, such as map datums, time offsets, and the

index.

Before getting started with your GPS, check to see that your GARMIN

GPS 12XL package includes the following items. If you are missing any

parts, please contact your dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

• GPS 12XL Unit • Owner’s Manual

• Wrist Strap • Quick Reference Guide

• Carrying Case • 4 AA Batteries

See your GARMIN dealer for accessories including our PC kit, swivel

mounts, external antennas, and power/data cables.

We at GARMIN hope the GPS 12XL will help you meet all of your

navigation needs and know it will become a valuable piece of your

outdoor gear.

i

INTRODUCTION

Packing List

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 3

Caution

INTRODUCTION

ii

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States,

which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is

subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all

GPS equipment. Although the GPS 12XL is a precision electronic NAVigation

AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore,

become unsafe.

Use the GPS 12XL at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe oper-

ation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Operator’s Manual

and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual

use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 12XL to

all available navigation sources including the information from other

NAVAIDs, visual sightings, maps, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrep-

ancies before continuing navigation.

NOTE: This device meets requirements for Part 15 of the FCC limits for

Class B digital devices for home or office use. It has been tested for compli-

ance with all necessary FCC standards. This equipment generates, uses, and

can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-

dance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio commu-

nications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a

particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to

other equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and

on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the

equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected

equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technician

for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is

subject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmful

interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,

including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 12XL

does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by

an authorized service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could

void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15

regulations.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 4

1

INTRODUCTION

Table of

Contents

SECTION ONE Introduction

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3

SECTION TWO Getting Started

Battery & Remote Antenna Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Keypad Usage & Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Primary Page Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7

Power On & Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Position Page, Map Basics, & Going To A Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Compass Page & Cancelling A GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Clearing the Map Display, Screen Contrast, & Power Off . . . . . . . . . . .11

SECTION THREE Reference

Satellite Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13

Battery Level Indicator, Backlighting, and Emergency Erase . . . . . . . . .14

Position Page & User Selectable Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-16

Marking a Position & Position Averaging Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Waypoint Pages & Managing Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-23

TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-25

Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-30

Using the Compass & Highway Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-34

Map Page, Zooming, & Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-38

Map Page & Track Log Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38-40

Menu Page & Distance/Sun Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-42

Navigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43-44

Interface Setup & DGPS Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-46

Navigation Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

SECTION FOUR Appendices

Appendix A––Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-49

Appendix B—Specifications & Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-51

Appendix C—Messages and Time Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53

Appendix D—Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55

Appendix E––Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-58

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 1

Glossary

INTRODUCTION

2

The GPS 12XL is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere

in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be

helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below.

Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the

appropriate reference sections of the manual.

Almanac Data

Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satel-

lites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac data

must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin.

Bearing

The compass direction from your position to a destination.

Course Made Good (CMG)

The bearing from the “active from” position (your starting point) to your

present position.

Crosstrack Error (XTK)

The distance you are off a desired course in either direction.

Desired Track (DTK)

The compass course between the “from” and “to” waypoints.

Differential GPS (DGPS)

An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to

transmit position corrections to GPS receivers.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)

The time of day of your arrival at a destination.

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)

The time left to your destination at your present speed.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 2

3

INTRODUCTION

Glossary

Grid

Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square

zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid

systems.

Ground Speed

The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position.

Latitude

The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth’s

polar axis.

Longitude

An east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime Meridian,

an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles.

Navigation

The process of traveling from one place to another and knowing where

you are in relation to your desired course.

Position

An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.

Track (TRK)

The direction of movement relative to a ground position.

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface to

measure position in specific zones.

Velocity Made Good (VMG)

The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination.

Waypoint

A specific location saved in the receiver’s memory.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 3

Battery Installation

The GPS 12XL operates on 4 AA batteries (includ-

ed), which are installed at the base of the unit. These

batteries provide up to 12 hours of use.

To install the batteries:

1. Remove the battery cover by turning the thumb

loop at the bottom of the unit 1/4 turn counter-

clockwise.

2. Insert the batteries into position. The battery pole

you can still see should match the symbol (+ or –)

marked on the case.

3. Replace and secure the battery cover by turning

the thumb loop 1/4 turn clockwise.

Battery life varies due to a variety of factors,

including temperature and backlighting. You may

find that lithium batteries provide longer life in colder

conditions.

Battery

Installation

INTRODUCTION

4

Remote Antenna

Installation

An optional remote

antenna may be used

with the GPS 12XL.

The remote antenna

will improve the

receiving capabilities

of the unit by magni-

fying weaker signals

which the built-in

antenna may not be

able to use.

The remote

antenna is attached

by plugging it into

the connector on the

back of the unit (see

above).

Contact your

GARMIN dealer for

remote antennas and

accessories.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 4

5

DATA ENTRY

The arrow keypad is

used for all data entry.

Use the Uand D

keys to select letters,

numbers, and menu

options; use the Land

Rkeys to move the cur-

sor forward or back-

ward along the line.

Press Eto confirm

your entry.

INTRODUCTION

Keypad Usage &

Data Entry

B

Turns the unit on and off and

activates screen backlighting.

P

Scrolls through the main data

pages in sequence and returns

display from a submenu page

to a primary page.

M

Captures a position and dis-

plays the mark position page.

G

Displays GOTO page with

the waypoint highlighted for

GOTO operation. Pressing

GOTO twice activates MOB.

E

Confirms data entry and

activates highlighted fields

to allow data entry.

Q

Returns display to a previous

page, or restores a data field’s

previous value.

UD

Selects alphanumerical

characters and menu choices

and moves the field highlight

from field to field.

LR

Moves the selected character

field and moves the field

highlight from field to field.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 5

Primary Pages

Before we start the tour, let’s briefly look at the five

primary information pages used for the GPS 12XL.

Switch between pages by pressing either the

Q

or

J

keys.

Satellite Page

The Satellite Page shows satellite positions and

signal strength. Satellite positions are displayed using

two circles and a center point. The outer circle shows

satellites on level with the horizon; the inner circle is

45º above the horizon; and the center point represents

satellites directly overhead. Knowing satellite positions

will show you the direction of any blocked signals.

The bottom of the page contains a row of signal

strength bars corresponding to each satellite being used.

Position Page

The Position Page shows you where you are, what

direction you’re heading and how fast you’re going.

The top of the page contains a compass tape which

is a graphic representation of your heading. Your track

and speed are indicated immediately below.

The graphic compass tape reflects your head-

ing only while you are moving.

The rest of the page shows your current position in

three dimensions: latitude, longitude, and altitude. A

trip odometer and 12/24-hour clock are also provided.

Primary Pages

INTRODUCTION

6

Satellite Page

The Satellite Page will

allow you to monitor

satellite signal reception

and strength.

J

Q

!

#

Position Page

Satellite Position Map Compass Menu

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 6

Map Page

The Map Page acts as a window. It allows you to

view your position, the “path” you have traveled over,

and nearby waypoints.

A diamond icon in the center of the screen repre-

sents your current position. As you move, you will see

a thin line - called a track log - appear along the path

you have just covered. Names of stored waypoints can

also be shown on the map.

The bottom corners of the map will always display

your current track and speed. When going to a way-

point, highlighting an on-screen waypoint, or using the

panning target crosshair, the corresponding distance

and bearing are shown at the top corners of the map.

The top of the screen contains the zoom, pan, and con-

figuration fields.

Navigation Page

A navigation page gives you steering guidance

when going to a waypoint. The GPS 12XL has two nav-

igation page choices: the Compass Page and the

Highway Page. The Compass Page is the default and

will be briefly explained here. The Highway Page is

covered on pages 35 and 38.

The Compass Page shows the destination way-

point at the top of the page with the bearing (BRG) and

distance (DST) to the waypoint shown below. The cen-

ter of the page contains a compass ring and arrow to

show you the direction of the waypoint from the direc-

tion you are moving. The bottom of the page gives

your track (TRK), speed (SPD), and a selectable field

for estimated time to arrival (ETA), estimated time

enroute (ETE), course to steer (CTS), crosstrack error,

(XTK), velocity made good (VMG), or turn bearing

(TRN).

Menu Page

The last primary page is the Menu Page. The

Menu Page gives you access to the GPS 12XL’s waypoint

management, route, track log, and setup features

through a list of submenus.

7

Map Page

The Map Page shows

your progress on a mov-

ing map plotter and gives

a bird’s-eye-view of sur-

rounding waypoints.

INTRODUCTION

Primary Pages

Compass Page

The Compass Page is the

default navigation page

and will show you the

way to the waypoint from

the direction you are

moving.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 7

Getting Started Tour

Now that you’ve seen the primary pages, let’s get

started by taking a simple tour to show you the basics

about using your GPS 12XL. The tour assumes that

your unit has been turned on and that none of the fac-

tory settings ( units of measure, selectable fields, etc.)

have been changed. If these settings have been

changed, the pictures and descriptions you see in this

manual may not match what you see on your screen.

Turning the GPS 12XL On

1. Press

B

until the receiver turns on.

The welcome page will appear while the unit con-

ducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the Satellite

Page will appear. When sufficient satellite signals have

been acquired, the Satellite Page will be replaced by the

Position Page.

Marking a Position

GPS is really about marking and going to places

called waypoints. Before we can use our GPS 12XL to

guide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as a

waypoint. (Your GPS 12XL can hold up to 500 way-

points.)

To mark your present position:

1. Press the

M

key. The mark position page will

appear, with a default three-digit name for the new

waypoint in the upper-left portion of the page.

To rename the waypoint:

1. Highlight the name field, and press

E

.

2. Enter the waypoint name ‘HOME’, and press

E

.

(See pg. 9 for data entry.) The waypoint symbol field

will become highlighted.

Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom way-

point symbol for easy waypoint recognition on the map.

To change the waypoint symbol:

1. Highlight the waypoint symbol field, and press

E

.

2. Select the house symbol, and press

E

.

3. Move the cursor to the ‘DONE?’ prompt, and press

E

.

Power On &

Marking a

Position

GETTING

STARTED

8

The welcome page will be

shown while the unit con-

ducts a self test

Press the UP arrow to

move forward through the

alphabet or numbers and

the DOWN arrow to

move backward.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 8

Using the Position Page

Walk for 3-4 minutes and watch the Position Page.

The direction you are moving (track), your speed, trip

distance, and altitude are shown on the upper half of

the screen. The latitude and longitude of your position

are displayed in the middle of the page, with the time

of day shown below.

Let’s continue by moving to the next page:

1. Press

P

.

Map Page

The next page is the Map Page.To ensure we can

see our entire trip on the map, lets change the map

scale from .2nm (default) to 5nm.

1. Use the arrow keys to highlight the ‘ZM’ field at the

top left of the Map Page and press

E

2. Press the

U

arrow until ‘1nm’ is shown and press

E

.

The Map Page shows your present position as a

diamond icon in the center of the map. The house

symbol labeled ‘HOME’ is the waypoint you created

and the line connecting the two is your track log.

1. Now turn approximately 90º to your right and continue

walking at for another 2-3 minutes. Notice how the

display changes, always keeping the direction you

are moving at the top of the map (see right).

Going to a Waypoint

Once you’ve stored a waypoint in memory, you

may return to it by performing a GOTO. A GOTO is a

straight-line course from your present position to the

destination you’ve selected. Let’s navigate back to our

starting position, the HOME waypoint.

To select a GOTO destination:

1. Press

G

.

2. Highlight the ‘HOME’ waypoint, and press

E

.

You’ll notice that you’ll automatically return to the

Map Page, and a straight line will connect your current

position to the position of the GOTO waypoint.

Let’s continue by moving to the next page:

1. Press

P

.

9

The Map Page displays

your present position as a

diamond icon and pro-

vides a real-time graphic

“breadcrumb” display of

your track right on the

screen.

GETTING

STARTED

Position/Map

Pages & Going

To a Waypoint

The GOTO waypoint

page allows you to select

a destination from a

list of all available way-

points in the GPS 12XL’s

memory.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 9

Compass Page

Whenever you select a destination waypoint, the

GPS 12XL provides graphic steering guidance with the

Compass Page (the default navigation page). The “com-

pass ring” in the middle of the page shows your course

over ground while you’re moving, with a pointer arrow

to the destination displayed in the center. The arrow

shows the direction of your destination from the direc-

tion you are moving. For instance, if the arrow points

up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrow

points any other direction (left, right, down, etc.), turn

toward the arrow until it points up. Then continue in

that direction.

The bearing and distance to a waypoint are dis-

played at the top of the screen, and your current track

and speed are shown below. The default ‘ETE’ field, at

the bottom of the screen, is a user-selectable field that

can provide a variety of navigation information. We’ll

cover more about that field in the reference section (see

page 36).

As you get close to ‘HOME’, you’ll be alerted to

press PAGE. The GPS 12XL will give you the message

“Approaching HOME”. Once you’ve arrived, you’ll

notice the distance field will read 0.00.

Cancelling a GOTO

If you decide to stop navigating to the active way-

point, all you have to do is cancel the GOTO.

To cancel an active GOTO:

1. Press the

G

key.

2. Use the arrow keypad to move the field highlight to the

‘CANCEL

GOTO

’ prompt at the bottom of the page and

press

E

.

Compass Page

and Cancelling

a GOTO

GETTING

STARTED

10

The GPS 12XL will also

provide steering guidance

with a Highway Page.

To change the display

from the Compass Page,

press ENTER twice.

Once a GOTO is activat-

ed, the GPS 12XL pro-

vides steering guidance

until the GOTO is can-

celed. To cancel a GOTO,

highlight the cancel

prompt at the bottom of

the page and press

ENTER.

Bearing to

Waypoint

Pointer to

Waypoint

Selectable Field

Distance to

Waypoint

Speed Over

Ground

Destination

Waypoint

Track Over

Ground

Graphic

Compass

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 10

Clearing a Cluttered Map Display

After you’ve used the GPS 12XL for a few trips, you

may find that your map display has become a bit messy

from keeping track of your every move. For practice,

let’s clean up the screen by clearing the track log (the

plot points left on the Map Page) we’ve just created

during the Getting Started tour.

1. Press

P

or

Q

until the Map Page appears.

2. Highlight the ‘CFG’ field and press

E

.

3. Highlight ‘Track Setup’ and press

E

.

4. Highlight the ‘CLEAR LOG?’ option and press

E

.

The clear log confirmation page will appear.

5. Use the

L

key to highlight the ‘Yes’ prompt.

6. Press

E

to finish.

Adjusting Screen Contrast

You can access the GPS 12XL’s contrast feature from

the Satellite Page.

To adjust the screen contrast:

1. Press

P

or

Q

until the Satellite Page

appears.

2. Press

L

or

R

to adjust the level of contrast, and press

E

.

Screen Backlighting

Screen backlighting is available for nighttime use.

Activate backlighting by pressing the

B

key briefly.

Backlighting will remain on for the time specified on

the system setup page (See page 42).

Turning the Receiver Off

You’ve now gone through the basic operation of

your new GPS receiver and probably know a little more

than you think about how it works. We encourage you

to experiment with the GPS 12XL until it becomes an

extension of your own navigation skills. If you

encounter any problems using the unit or want to take

advantage of the GPS 12XL’s more advanced features,

turn to the reference section.

To turn the GPS 12XL off:

1. Press and hold the

B

key for 3 seconds.

11

Highlight the ‘CLEAR

LOG?’ prompt and press

ENTER to clear the track

log.

Note: Once all 1024

points are used during

normal operation, the old-

est point will be continu-

ously deleted to make

room for the latest track

log point to be stored.

GETTING

STARTED

Clearing the

Map, Adjusting

Contrast, &

Power Off

Pressing the LEFT or

RIGHT arrows from the

Satellite Page will auto-

matically activate the

screen contrast bar.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 11

Satellite Page

The GPS 12XL’s Satellite Page displays the status of

various receiver functions. The status information will

help you understand what the GPS 12XL is doing at

any given time, and will tell you whether or not the

receiver has calculated a position fix.

Sky View and Signal Strength Bars

The sky view and signal strength bars give you an

indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver,

whether or not they are being used to calculate a posi-

tion fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky view

shows a bird’s-eye-view of the position of each available

satellite relative to the unit’s last known position. The

outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner

circle is 45º above the horizon; and the center point is

directly overhead. You can use the sky view to help

determine if any satellites are being blocked, and

whether you have a current position fix (indicated by a

‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ in the status field). You can also

set the sky view to a track up configuration by changing

the ‘orientation’ option on the Map Page. (See pg. 38 for

setup instructions.)

When the receiver is looking for a particular satel-

lite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank

and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once the

receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength

bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been

found and the receiver is collecting data from it. The

satellite number in the sky view will no longer appear

highlighted. As soon as the GPS 12XL has collected the

necessary data to calculate a fix, the status field will

indicate a 2D or 3D status.

Satellite Page

REFERENCE

12

The GPS 12XL Satellite

Page will help you deter-

mine which satellites are

in view, and whether or

not any satellites are

being “shaded” or blocked

from receiving satellite

signals (See satellites 07

and 09 above).

By periodically monitor-

ing the signal strength

bars at the bottom of the

page and the north up

sky view, you will be able

to see how moving to

another area with a

clearer view of the sky

will improve satellite

reception and speed up

signal acquisition.

Battery

Indicator

Horizontal

Accuracy

Signal Strength

Indicators

Skyview

Display

Status

Field

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 12

Receiver Status

Receiver status is indicated at the top left of the

page, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimated

position error, in feet or meters) at the top right. The

status will be shown as one of the following conditions:

Searching—

the GPS 12XL is looking for any

available satellites in view.

AutoLocate—

the GPS 12XL is initializing and

collecting new almanac data. This process can take

5 minutes, depending on the satellites currently in

view.

Acquiring—

the receiver is collecting data from

available satellites, but has not collected enough

data to calculate a 2D fix.

2D Nav (2D Navigation)—

at least three satel-

lites with good geometry have been locked onto and

a 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude)

is being calculated. ‘2D Diff’ will appear when you

are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode.

3D Nav (3D Navigation)—

at least four satellites

with good geometry have been locked onto, and

your position is now being calculated in latitude,

longitude and altitude. ‘3D Diff’ will appear when you

are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode.

Poor Cvg (Poor GPS Coverage)—

the receiver

isn’t tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fix

due to bad satellite geometry.

Not Usable—

the receiver is unusable, possibly

due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satellite

conditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset,

and reinitialize the receiver if necessary.

Simulator—

the receiver is in simulator mode.

EZinit Option Prompt

The Satellite Page also provides access to the EZ

init

prompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated.

(The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring,

simulator, or poor coverage mode.) This allows you to

reinitialize the unit (see Appendix A), and is useful if

you have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver off

and must initialize your new position. (The EZ

init

prompt will automatically appear if the receiver needs

to be initialized. The prompt may also appear during

normal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit is

indoors.

13

The signal strength bars at

the bottom of the page will

not appear until the GPS

12XL has found the satel-

lites indicated at the bot-

tom of the screen.

REFERENCE

Receiver Status

& EZinit

If you travel more than

500 miles with the receiv-

er off, reinitialize the unit

to your new position by

using the EZinit feature.

To access EZinit, press

ENTER from the Satellite

Page before any satellites

are acquired.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 13

Battery Level Indicator

The Satellite Page also features a battery level indi-

cator, located to the left of the sky view, which displays

the strength of the unit’s batteries. The battery indicator

will not appear if the receiver is using external power.

The battery level indicator is calibrated for

alkaline batteries. Voltage differences will dis-

play Ni-Cad and lithium batteries differently .

No other receiver functions are affected.

The GPS 12XL features an internal lithium battery

that will maintain the unit’s memory when the receiver

is not running off batteries or external power.

Backlighting Bulb Icon

The GPS 12XL features full-screen backlighting.

Activate the backlight by pressing the

B

key briefly.

Note: A bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Page

when backlighting is turned on.

Emergency Erase Function

You may erase the GPS 12XL’s memory in four quick

steps. This will cause all stored data to be deleted,

including: routes, waypoints, and the track log.

To erase all stored data:

1. Ensure that the GPS 12XL is turned off.

2. While holding down the

M

key, hold down the

B

key to turn the unit on. A warning message will appear

with “Yes?” highlighted, and ask you to confirm your

selection.

3. If you do not wish to erase all stored data, press

R

and

E

to cancel the emergency erase.

4. If you do wish to complete the emergency erase, press

E

to confirm.

Battery Level,

Backlighting &

Emergency Erase

REFERENCE

14

When backlighting is on, a

bulb icon will appear on

the Satellite Page.

Use the icon to determine

if backlighting is turned

on during daylight hours.

Upon activating the

Emergency Erase

Function, you will be

asked to confirm your

decision.

!

#

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 14

Position Page

The second page in the GPS 12XL’s primary page

sequence is the Position Page. This page shows you

where you are, what direction you’re heading, and how

fast you’re going, and it’s most useful when you are

traveling without an active destination waypoint. The

graphic heading display at the top of the page indicates

the direction you’re heading (while you’re moving).

Directly below this display are the track, speed, and

trip odometer fields (default). Track is the compass

direction representing your course over the ground,

and speed is how fast you’re moving. The lower left-

hand corner of the page shows your current latitude

and longitude in degrees and minutes. The GPS 12XL

uses this basic information to mark exact positions as

waypoints, which help guide you from one place to

another. The lower right-hand corner of the page con-

tains the altitude field (default). Below that field is a

12- or 24-hour clock.

Both the trip odometer and the altitude fields are

user selectable, and both offer a trip odometer, trip

timer, and elapsed time. This way, you can always be

sure of viewing this information regardless of the

option you’ve selected to view in the other user-selec-

table field.

The following user-selectable options are available

on the Position Page:

Trip Odometer (TRIP)—

total distance

traveled since last reset.

Trip Timer (TTIME)—

total (cumulative)

time in which a ground speed has been

maintained since last reset.

Elapsed Time (ELPSD)—

hours and

minutes since last reset.

Average Speed (AVSPD)—

average speed

traveled.

Maximum Speed (MXSPD)—

maximum

speed traveled since last reset.

Altitude (ALT)—

vertical distance above

sea level.

15

The speed and track dis-

played on the Position

Page may fluctuate at

slow speeds (or when

you’re standing still)

because of position errors

caused by Selective

Availability.

REFERENCE

Position Page

The user selectable fields

on the Position Page give

you a variety of informa-

tion to choose from.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:18 AM Page 15

To reset timer, speed measurement, or odometer:

1. Highlight the user-selectable field, and press

E

.

2. Press

E

to confirm or

Q

to exit.

The trip odometer, trip timer, and average speed

fields are linked. Resetting one of these options in a

user-selectable field will automatically reset the corre-

sponding data in the other. This ensures that informa-

tion shown in these fields reflects your current trip.

Maximum Speed Field

To obtain the most accurate reading of average

speed, keep in mind that due to the sensitivity of the

GPS 12XL’s antenna, your maximum speed value may

include the effects of rapid movement, such as swinging

your arm while holding the unit.

To reset the maximum speed field:

1. Highlight the ‘MXSPD’ field, and press

E

.

2. Press

E

to confirm the ‘RESET?’ prompt .

Altitude Field

When the GPS 12XL is acquiring satellites or navi-

gating in the 2D mode, the last known altitude is used

to compute your position. You may also manually enter

your altitude for greater accuracy. In cases where the

GPS 12XL has 2D coverage, entering your approximate

altitude will enable the receiver to determine a 3D fix.

To enter an altitude:

1. Highlight the ‘ALT’ field, and press

E

.

2. Enter a value, and press

E

.

Maximum Speed

& Altitude

Fields

REFERENCE

16

Resetting the trip odome-

ter will erase the previous

mileage and set the

odometer to 0.

You may enter a known

altitude to assist the GPS

12XL in establishing a 3-

D fix.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 16

Marking a Position

The GPS 12XL allows you to mark and store up to

500 position as waypoints. A waypoint can be entered

by taking an instant electronic fix, by manually enter-

ing coordinates (pg. 20), or by using the bearing and

distance to a known position (pg. 20).

To mark your present position:

1. Press

M

. The mark position page will appear,

showing the captured position and a default three-

digit name.

2. To save a default name and symbol, press

E

to

confirm the ‘SAVE?’ prompt.

Position Averaging Function

The GPS 12XL positioning averaging function will

help reduce the effects of selective availability upon

position error when marking a waypoint.

1. After you have pressed the

M

key, highlight the

‘AVERAGE?’ field and press

E

. The Figure of

Merit (FOM) field will display the value reflecting esti-

mated accuracy of the averaged position. Note: As

the GPS 12XL calculates the FOM, it will rapidly

change before it stabilizes on one number.

2. The unit will continue averaging until you have high-

lighted ‘SAVE?’ and pressed

E

.

To enter a different waypoint name:

1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press

E

.

2. Make the appropriate changes, and press

E

.

3. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and press

E

.

Note: To enter a different waypoint symbol or com-

ment, see pg. 21.

To add this waypoint to a route:

1. Highlight the ‘Add to route number’ field, and press

E

.

2. Enter a route number, press

E

to confirm the

route number, and

E

again to save the waypoint.

17

After initiating the posi-

tion averaging function, a

Figure of Merit value will

be displayed, and the

‘SAVE?’ field will auto-

matically be highlighted.

REFERENCE

Position

Averaging

The GPS 12XL will save

new waypoints with a

default three-digit name.

To add the waypoint to a

route, enter the desired

route number, highlight

‘SAVE?’ and press

ENTER.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 17

Waypoint Pages

The GPS 12XL has three waypoint pages that let

you quickly manage up to 500 waypoints. These

pages—nearest waypoints, waypoint list, and waypoint

definition—can be accessed through the Menu Page.

To select a waypoint page:

1. Access the Menu Page, and highlight a waypoint page

option.

2. Press

E

.

Nearest Waypoints Page

The nearest waypoints page shows the nine nearest

waypoints that are within 100 miles of your present

position, with the bearing and distance noted for each

waypoint. This page will also let you retrieve a waypoint

definition page or GOTO a selected waypoint right from

the list.

To review the waypoint definition page of a select-

ed waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint.

2. Press

E

.

To return to the nearest waypoint page:

1. Highlight ‘DONE?’.

2. Press

E

.

To go to a highlighted list waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint, and press

G

.

2. Press

E

.

Waypoint List Page

The waypoint list page provides a complete list of

all waypoints currently stored in the GPS 12XL and

their respective waypoint symbols. The total number of

empty and used waypoints is also indicated. From the

waypoint list page, you can retrieve a waypoint defini-

tion page, delete all user-defined waypoints, delete way-

points by symbol, or review and perform a GOTO to a

selected waypoint.

To delete all user-defined waypoints:

1. Highlight ‘DELETE WPTS?’, and press

E

.

Nearest

Waypoints &

Waypoint List

REFERENCE

18

To select a waypoint sub-

menu, highlight the

desired option and press

ENTER.

Nearest Waypoints

Page

The compass heading

(BRG) and distance

(DST) to the nine nearest

waypoints are updated

continuously.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 18

Waypoint List Page (continued)

An options page will appear, asking if you want to

delete all user-defined waypoints or if you want to

delete waypoints by symbol type.

1. Highlight either ‘ALL’ or ‘SYMBOL’, and press

E

.

If you highlight ‘SYMBOL,’ you’ll be asked to

select a symbol.

1. Select the symbol to be deleted, and press

E

.

2. Press

E

to confirm the ‘DONE’ prompt, highlight

the ‘YES?’ prompt, and press

E

.

Note: This feature is handy for deleting temporary

waypoints created by the TracBack function.

Proximity Waypoints

The GPS 12XL’s proximity waypoint function warns

you when you are getting too close to hazardous way-

points. This function allows you to create up to nine

proximity waypoints and designate an alarm circle for

each waypoint. If you enter this circle, a warning mes-

sage will alert you.

To enter a proximity waypoint from the Menu

Page:

1. Highlight ‘PROXIMITY WPTS’ and press

E

.

2. Highlight the first empty waypoint field and press

E

.

3. Use the

U

or

D

key to scroll through stored

waypoints until the desired waypoint appears.

4. Press

E

. The distance (DST) field will be auto-

matically highlighted. Enter the desired distance.

5. Press the

E

key.

To review or remove a proximity waypoint:

1. Use

U

and

D

to select a proximity waypoint and

press

E

.

2. Highlight ‘REVIEW?’ or ‘REMOVE?’ and press

E

.

If ‘REVIEW?’ is chosen, the waypoint page will

appear, and you may make any changes to the selected

waypoint. If ‘REMOVE?’ is chosen, the proximity way-

point page will reappear with the waypoint removed.

Press

Q

or

P

to return to the Menu Page.

19

Deleting waypoints by

symbol enables you to

delete a specific group of

waypoints without losing

all other waypoints.

REFERENCE

Waypoint List &

Proximity

Waypoints

Quickly edit proximity

waypoints by highlighting

the waypoint name and

pressing ENTER.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 19

Waypoint Definition Page

The waypoint definition page lets you create new

waypoints manually or review and edit an existing way-

point’s coordinates, symbols, and comments. It is also

used to delete an individual waypoint from memory

(see pg. 22). To create a new waypoint manually, you’ll

need to know its position coordinates or its approxi-

mate distance and bearing from an existing waypoint.

To create a waypoint by entering coordinates:

1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight ‘NEW?’,

and press

E

.

2. Enter a waypoint name, and press

E

.

3. Press

E

to select a waypoint symbol, make your

selection, and press

E

.

4. Highlight the ‘DONE?’ prompt, and press

E

to

return to the waypoint page.

5. Highlight the “position” field, enter your position, and

press

E

.

6. Press

E

to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

Reference Waypoints

To create a new waypoint manually without know-

ing its position coordinates, you’ll need to enter its

bearing and distance from an existing waypoint or your

present position.

To create a new waypoint by referencing a stored

waypoint:

1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight ‘NEW?’,

and press

E

.

2. Enter a waypoint name, and press

E

.

Waypoint

Definition &

Reference

Waypoints

REFERENCE

20

The GPS 12XL’s advanced

waypoint planning fea-

tures allow you to create

new waypoints and prac-

tice navigation without

ever setting foot outside.

If you create a new way-

point by entering coordi-

nates from a map, you

may want to re-mark the

waypoint’s exact position

once you get there.

To re-define an existing

waypoint’s position coor-

dinates from the waypoint

definition page, simply

highlight the DST field

and press ENTER. Use the

LEFT arrow key to set the

distance to 0.00, and press

ENTER to confirm.

The old coordinates will be

replaced by the coordi-

nates of your present posi-

tion (you must have a

valid 2D or 3D position

fix).

Waypoint

Name

Reference

Waypoint

Distance from

Reference

Waypoint

Position

Coordinates

Bearing from

Reference

Waypoint

Function Prompts

Waypoint Comment

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 20

Reference Waypoints (cont.)

3. Highlight the ‘REF’ field, and press

E

.

4. Enter a reference waypoint name (or leave the field

blank to use your present position), and press

E

.

5. Enter the bearing and distance of your new waypoint

from the reference waypoint.

6. Press

E

to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

Waypoint Symbols

The GPS 12XL allows you to select one of 16 sym-

bols for each waypoint for easy recognition on the map

display. From the symbol page, you may also select

how the waypoint appears on the map.

To select a waypoint symbol:

1. Highlight the symbol field, and press

E

.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the desired symbol,

and press

E

.

3. The cursor will move to the display field, where you

can select which waypoint information is displayed

on the map.

4. Press

E

, and select one of the following display

options: ‘NAME WITH SYMBOL’, ‘SYMBOL ONLY,’ or

‘COMMENT WITH SYMBOL’.

5. Press

E

to confirm your selection, and

E

again to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

Waypoint Comments

Each waypoint stored in the GPS 12XL has a user-

defined 16-character comment field. The default com-

ment is the UTC (or Greenwich mean time) date and

time of the waypoint’s creation.

To change or add a comment:

1. Highlight the comment field.

2. Press

E

.

Note: You can clear the comment field by press-

ing the left side of the rocker keypad.

3. Enter the desired comment.

4. Press

E

.

21

Waypoint symbols enable

you to instantly get more

information about a way-

point than just its name.

REFERENCE

Waypoint

Symbols &

Comments

The waypoint comment

field will automatically

assign the date and time of

creation to the waypoint

comment field. You may

enter a 16-character user

comment at any time.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 21

Renaming and Deleting Waypoints

The rename and delete function fields are located

along the bottom side of the waypoint definition page.

To rename a stored waypoint:

1. Highlight ‘RENAME?’, and press

E

.

2. Enter the new waypoint name, and press

E

.

3. Press

E

to confirm the ‘Yes?’ prompt.

To delete a stored waypoint:

1. Highlight ‘DELETE?’, and press

E

.

2. Highlight the ‘Yes?’ prompt, and press

E

.

Note: To delete a waypoint that’s part of a route,

first remove the waypoint from the route (see pg. 30),

and then delete it. If you attempt to delete a waypoint

that’s part of a route, you’ll be given a “Route Waypoint

Can’t be Deleted” message.

Scanning Waypoints

As you manually enter a waypoint’s name, the GPS

12XL’s waypoint scanning feature will automatically dis-

play the first numerical or alphabetical match of the

character you have entered to that point. This helps

eliminate the need to always enter a waypoint’s com-

plete name.

To scan waypoints from a waypoint field:

1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press

E

.

2. Press the left side of the keypad to clear the name

field.

3. Scroll through the waypoints.

Note: The GPS 12XL’s waypoint scanning feature

will offer the first waypoint that matches the character

or characters you have entered up to that point. If you

have more than one waypoint that begins with the same

letter or number, move to the next character position as

needed.

4. When you find the desired waypoint, press

E

.

Rename, Delete

& Scan

Waypoints

REFERENCE

22

You may wish to quickly

save waypoints by press-

ing MARK and then

ENTER, thus assigning a

default name. You may

then rename the waypoint

at a later date. Any way-

point may be renamed at

any time.

Scanning waypoints from

the waypoint definition

page gives you instant

access to a specific way-

point’s information.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 22

Selecting a GOTO Destination

The GPS 12XL provides four ways to navigate to a

destination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack, and route naviga-

tion. The most basic method of selecting a destination

is the GOTO function, which lets you choose any

stored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets a

direct course from your present position.

To activate the GOTO function:

1. Press

G

.

2. Select the waypoint you want to navigate to, and

press

E

.

Once a GOTO waypoint has been activated, the

Compass Page or Highway Page will provide steering

guidance to the destination until either the GOTO is

cancelled or the unit has resumed navigating the active

route (see pg 30).

To cancel an active GOTO:

1. Press the

G

key.

2. Highlight ‘CANCEL GOTO?’, and press

E

.

Man Overboard Function

The GPS 12XL’s man overboard function (MOB) lets

you simultaneously mark and set a course to a position

for quick response to passing positions.

To activate the MOB mode:

1. Press

G

twice. The GOTO waypoint page will

appear with ‘MOB’ selected.

2 Press

E

to begin MOB navigation.

The GPS 12XL will now guide you to the MOB

waypoint until the MOB GOTO is cancelled. If you

want to save the MOB waypoint, be sure to rename it

because it will be overwritten the next time a MOB is

activated.

23

Select a destination way-

point from the GOTO

waypoint list.

REFERENCE

Select a GOTO

& MOB

Function

Once the MOB mode has

been activated, steering

guidance will be provided

by the Compass or

Highway Page. Activating

another MOB will over-

write the previous MOB

waypoint.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 23

TracBack Navigation

GARMIN’s patented TracBack feature allows you to

quickly retrace your path using the track log automati-

cally stored in the receiver. This feature eliminates the

need to mark waypoints along the way and manually

create and activate a route back to where you began

your trip. Three track recording options are available:

Off—

no plot will be recorded.

Fill—

a track plot will be recorded until track mem-

ory is full.

Wrap—

a track plot will be continuously recorded,

wrapping through the available memory (replacing

the oldest data with new data).

To select a track log option:

1. Highlight the ‘RECORD’ field, press

E

, select an

option, and press

E

.

Once a TracBack route is activated, it will lead you

back to the oldest track log point stored in memory, so

it’s usually a good idea to clear the existing track log at

the start of each trip.

To clear the track log and define a starting point

for a TracBack route:

1. From the Map Page, press

E

, highlight the ‘TRACK

SETUP’ option, and press

E

.

2. Highlight ‘CLEAR LOG?’, press

E

, highlight ‘Yes?’,

and press

E

.

To activate a TracBack route:

1. Press

G

, highlight ‘TRACBACK?’, and press

E

.

Once the TracBack function has been activated, the

GPS 12XL will take the track log currently stored in

memory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to

30 temporary waypoints will be created to mark the

most significant features of the track log in order to

duplicate your exact path as closely as possible. These

points will be indicated by a ‘T001’ number on the way-

point list, and by a ‘T’ symbol on the Map Page.

The active route page will appear, showing a route

from your present position to the oldest track log point

in memory. Steering guidance to each waypoint will be

provided back to the starting point of your track log. Note:

You may delete a TracBack waypoint from a route, but

only if the route is not active.

TracBack

REFERENCE

24

WARNING:

Setting the track record-

ing to OFF will disable

the TracBack function.

Highlight ‘TRACBACK?’

and press ENTER to begin

TracBack navigation.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 24

Tips On the TracBack Feature

• Always clear your track log at the exact point that

you want to go back to (trail head, truck, etc.).

• The ‘RECORD’ option on the track log setup page

can be set to either the ‘WRAP’ or ‘FILL’ positions.

• There must be at least two track log points stored

in memory to create a TracBack route.

• If there are not enough available waypoints in

memory to create a TracBack route, you will be

alerted with a ‘waypoint memory full’ message,

and the receiver will use any available waypoints

to create a TracBack route with an emphasis on

the track log closest to the destination (the oldest

track log point in memory).

• If the ‘METHOD’ option on the track log setup

page is set to a time interval, the TracBack route

may not follow your exact path. (Keeping the cri-

teria set to automatic will always provide the

most detailed TracBack route.)

• If the receiver is turned off or you lose satellite

coverage during your trip, the TracBack route will

simply draw a straight line between any point

where coverage was lost and where it resumed.

• If the changes in direction and distance of your

track log are complex, 30 waypoints may not be

enough to accurately mark your exact path. The

receiver will then assign the 30 waypoints to the

most significant points of your track, and simplify

segments with fewer changes in direction.

• To save a TracBack route, copy route 0 to an open

storage route before activating another TracBack.

Activating another TracBack or storage route will

overwrite the existing TracBack route.

• Whenever a TracBack route is activated, the

receiver will automatically erase any temporary

waypoints that are not contained in routes 1-19.

If there are temporary waypoints stored in routes

1-19, the receiver will create any new temporary

waypoints using the first three-digit number

available. (You can also quickly delete all tempo-

rary TracBack waypoints in memory by using the

‘DELETE BY SYMBOL’ method described on pg.

19.)

25

The TracBack feature will

navigate your track log

back to the oldest point in

the receiver’s memory.

REFERENCE

TracBack

The track log will be

divided into segments with

temporary waypoints to

create a route back to the

beginning of the track log.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 25

Route Navigation

The last form of navigating to a destination with the

GPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. The route

navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course

from one place to another using a set of pre-defined

waypoints. Routes are often used when it’s not practical,

safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particu-

lar destination (e.g., through a body of water or impass-

able terrain).

Routes are broken down and navigated in smaller

segments called “legs”. The waypoint you are going to

in a leg is called the “active to” waypoint and the way-

point immediately behind you is called the “active from”

waypoint. The line between the “active to” and the

“active from” waypoint is called the “active leg”.

Whenever you activate a route with the GPS 12XL,

it will automatically select the route leg closest to your

position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in

the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and

select the next waypoint as the “active to” waypoint.

Routes

REFERENCE

26

Waypoint 2

(“active to” waypoint)

Waypoint 1

(“active from” waypoint)

“Active Leg”

ä

ä

ä

ä

}

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 26

Route Definition Page

The last form of navigating to a destination with

the GPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. The

GPS 12XL lets you create and store up to 20 routes of

30 waypoints each.

The route navigation feature lets you plan and navi-

gate a course from one place to another using a set of

pre-defined waypoints. Routes are often used when it’s

not practical, safe, or possible to navigate a direct

course to a particular destination (e.g., through a body

of water or impassable terrain).

The bottom of the route definition page features

several ‘function’ fields which let you copy, clear, invert,

or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used as

storage routes, with route 0 always serving as the active

route you are navigating. If you want to save a route

that’s currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to another

open route, as it will be overwritten by the next route

activation.

Routes can be copied, cleared, inverted, and acti-

vated through the route definition page.

To select the route definition page:

1. Highlight ‘ROUTES’ from the Menu Page, and press

E

.

The ‘route number’ field is displayed at the top of

the page, with a 16-character ‘user comment’ field to

the right. If no user comment is entered, the field dis-

plays the first and last waypoint in the route. The way-

point list on the left side of the page accepts up to 30

waypoints for each route, with fields for desired track

and distance between legs. The total route distance is

indicated below the waypoint list.

27

Routes enable you to store

and use groups of fre-

quently used waypoints

together.

REFERENCE

Route Definition

Page

Enter each waypoint in

the order you would like to

navigate them. If you

enter a waypoint not

stored in memory, you’ll

need to define the position

on the waypoint definition

page.

Comment

Field

Desired

Track of Leg

Total

Distance

Route

Number

Copy Field

Function Prompts

Leg Distance

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 27

Creating and Navigating Routes

To create a route from the route definition page:

1. Highlight the ‘ROUTE:’ field, and press

E

.

2. Enter a route number, and press

E

. (Only open

routes will be available.)

3. Press

E

to begin entry of a route comment.

4. Enter your comment, and press the

E

key.

5. Enter the first waypoint of your route, and press

E

. As you continue entering the rest of your way-

points, the list will automatically scroll down.

Whenever you activate a route, it will automatically

select the route leg closest to your position as the active

leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver

will automatically sequence and select the next way-

point as the active to waypoint.

Activating and Inverting Routes

After a route has been entered, it can be either acti-

vated in sequence or inverted from the route definition

page. The process of activating or inverting a stored

route takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies it

into the active route (route 0) for navigation. The stor-

age route is now no longer needed and will be retained

in its original format under its existing route number.

This system allows you to have an active route that

you may edit during navigation and save as an entirely

new route from the original. You will have to copy the

active route to an unused storage route to save it, since

new route or TracBack activation overwrites route 0.

To activate a route:

1. From the route definition page, highlight the ‘ROUTE:’

field.

2. Enter the route number to be activated, and press

E

.

3. Highlight ‘ACT?’, and press

E

.

To activate a route in inverted order:

1. Follow the steps above, but select ‘INV?’, and press

E

.

Using Routes

REFERENCE

28

You may use up to 16

characters to custom

name a route. The default

name will be the first and

last waypoint in the route.

To activate a route, high-

light the ‘ACT?’ prompt

and press ENTER.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 28

Active Route Page

Once a route has been activated, the active route

page will display the waypoint sequence of your route

with the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your present

speed and the distance to each waypoint. As long as

you are navigating an active route, the active route page

will become part of the main page sequence of the unit.

The active route page will also allow you to change the

‘ETE’ field to display desired track (DTK) or estimated

time of arrival (ETA) for each leg. You can also clear or

invert the active route.

To display DTK or ETA for each leg:

1. Highlight ‘ETE’, and press

E

.

2. Select ‘DTK’ or ‘ETA’, and press

E

.

The active route page also allows you to clear (stop

navigating) or invert the active route without using the

route definition page.

To invert a route from the active route page:

1. Highlight ‘INV?’, and press

E

.

To stop route navigation:

1. Select ‘CLR?’, and press

E

.

Copying and Clearing Routes

The route definition page is also used to copy a

route to another route number. This feature is useful

when you make changes to the active (or TracBack)

route and want to save the route in its modified form

for future use.

To copy a route:

1. Highlight the ‘route number’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select the route number to be copied, and press

E

.

3. Highlight the ‘COPY TO’ field, and press

E

.

4. Scroll through the available routes and select a desti-

nation route number. (Only open routes will be avail-

able.) Press

E

to copy the route.

To clear a route from memory:

1. Highlight the ‘ROUTE:’ field, and press

E

.

2. Enter the route number, and press

E

.

3. Select ‘CLR?’, and press

E

.

4. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and press

E

.

29

Active Route Page

Whenever you have an

active route, the active

route page will appear in

the primary page

sequence after the

Compass/Highway Page.

REFERENCE

Active Route,

Copying, &

Clearing

To copy a route, select an

open storage route and

press the ENTER key. If

you select a route that is

already used, you’ll be

alerted with a ‘Route Full’

message.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 29

Editing Routes

A route can be edited any time after its creation.

To edit a route from the active route page or

the route definition page:

1. Select the waypoint you want to edit, and press

E

.

An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear,

with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting, or

changing the waypoint field highlighted. This field con-

tains the following options:

• Review?—

reviews the waypoint’s definition page

• Insert?—

adds a new waypoint that precedes the

selected waypoint

• Remove?—

deletes a selected waypoint

• Change?—

replaces the selected waypoint with a

new waypoint

You may delete a waypoint from a route, but only if

the route is not active. Note: Editing the original storage

route will not affect route 0. If you want to save an edit-

ed version of route 0, save it to an open storage route.

On-Route GOTOs

At the beginning of this section, we mentioned that

the GPS 12XL will automatically select the route leg

closest to your position as the active leg. This will give

you steering guidance to the desired track of the active

leg. Note that the first waypoint selected as the destina-

tion waypoint will be the route leg closest to your pre-

sent position. This may mean you’re not navigating to

the first waypoint in the active route—you may be navi-

gating to the last. If you prefer to navigate a route out of

sequence, you can perform an “on-route GOTO” from

the active route page.

To perform an “on-route GOTO” from the active

route page:

1. Highlight the desired route waypoint, and press

G

.

2. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears with the way-

point highlighted, press

E

.

Note that after you reach the on-route GOTO way-

point, the GPS 12XL will automatically resume navigat-

ing the rest of the route in sequence using the page you

were on before performing a GOTO.

Editing Routes

& On-Route

GOTO’s

REFERENCE

30

Use the on-screen menu to

select the desired editing

function.

To edit or review a route

waypoint from the active

route page, highlight the

desired waypoint and

press ENTER.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 30

Selecting a User-Defined Navigation Page

Once you’ve selected a GOTO destination or acti-

vated a TracBack, MOB, or route, the GPS 12XL will

provide graphic steering guidance to the destination

with one of two navigation pages:

•The

Compass Page

(default) provides a direc-

tional pointer to the destination, with a rotating

compass display to show your direction of travel.

The Compass Page provides better steering guid-

ance for car travel, hiking, or biking, where

straight-line navigation usually is not possible.

•The

Highway Page

provides a graphic highway

that shows your movement relative to the desired

course, with an emphasis on your crosstrack error

(the distance and direction you are off course).

This page also features a course deviation indica-

tor (CDI) (see pg. 34). The Highway Page is well-

suited for water or off-road recreation where

straight-line navigation is possible.

Both pages provide a digital display of the bearing

and distance to the destination, and your current speed

and track over the ground. You can switch to either

Navigation Page at any time.

To select either Navigation Page:

1. Press

E

from the existing Navigation Page, and

E

again to change the page.

31

To switch the navigation

page to the Compass

Page, press ENTER twice.

REFERENCE

Navigation

Pages

To switch the navigation

page to the Highway Page,

press ENTER twice.

Compass Page Highway Page

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 31

Selecting a User-Defined Navigation Page (cont.)

The ‘ETE’ field, located in the middle-bottom of

both pages, is a user-selectable field that allows you to

display a variety of navigation values for your trip.

To access the user-selectable field:

1. Highlight ‘ETE’, and press

E

.

2. Use the keypad to scroll through the possible options.

The following data options are available for the

Navigation Pages:

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)—

the time left

to your destination based on your present speed

and track.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)—

the time of

day of your arrival at a destination, based on current

ground speed and track.

Course to Steer (CTS)—

the bearing which will

give you the most efficient way to stay on course to

your destination.

Crosstrack Error (XTK)—

the distance you are

off the desired course in either direction. This field

will give you a digital representation of the CDI

scale.

Velocity Made Good (VMG)—

the speed you

are traveling toward the destination.

Turn (TRN)—

the amount of correction in

degrees needed to travel directly to the destination.

Navigation

Pages

REFERENCE

32

Use the user selectable

field to customize the nav-

igation pages.

The turn option will show

you the number of degrees

you need to turn to head

directly to your destina-

tion.

Track Over

Ground

User-Selectable Field

Distance to

Waypoint

Graphic

Compass

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 32

Using the Compass Page

The Compass Page provides better steering guid-

ance than the Highway Page for travel at slower speeds

(ex. walking) and for travel with many directional

changes.

The bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the way-

point are displayed at the top of the page, below the

destination waypoint name. The distance displayed is

the straight-line distance from your present position to

the destination waypoint. The bearing indicates the

exact compass heading from you to the destination.

The middle of the page features a rotating “compass

ring” that shows your course over ground while you

are moving (track up orientation), with a pointer arrow

to the destination displayed in the center. The arrow

shows the direction of your destination from the direc-

tion you are moving. For instance, if the arrow points

up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrow

points any direction (left, right, down, etc.), turn

toward the arrow until it points up. Then continue in

that direction.

The bottom of the page shows your track (TRK),

speed (SPD), and a user-selectable field for ETE, ETA,

CTS, XTK, VMG, or TRN.

When you are one minute away from your destina-

tion (based on your current speed and track over

ground), the GPS 12XL will alert you with a flashing

on-screen message box.

33

In this example, the

Compass Page indicates

that you are traveling in a

west (261 degrees) direc-

tion and the destination

waypoint is north (291

degrees) of your current

direction of travel.

REFERENCE

Compass Page

In this example, the

Compass Page indicates

that you are traveling

in a north (350 degrees)

direction and the

destination waypoint is

west (291 degrees) of

your current direction of

travel.

Bearing to

Waypoint

Pointer to

Waypoint Speed Over

Ground

Destination

Waypoint

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 33

Using the Highway Page

The GPS 12XL’s Highway Page provides graphic

steering guidance to a destination waypoint, with a

greater emphasis on the straight-line desired course and

the distance and direction you are off course. The bear-

ing and distance to a waypoint - along with your cur-

rent track and speed - are displayed at the top of the

screen.

As you head toward your destination, the middle of

the screen provides visual guidance to your waypoint

on a moving graphic “highway.” Your present position is

represented by the diamond in the center of the course

deviation scale. The line down the middle of the high-

way represents your desired track. As you navigate

toward a waypoint, the highway will actually move—

indicating the direction you’re off course—relative to

the position diamond on the CDI scale. When the high-

way is pointing straight up the screen, the waypoint is

directly ahead. If the destination waypoint is to the left,

the top of the highway will lead to the left, and vice

versa. To stay on course, simply steer in the direction

the highway leads (left or right) until the highway leads

straight up the page.

If you do get off the desired course by more than

1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact distance you

are off course will be displayed where the CDI scale set-

ting normally appears. If you get too far off course (the

highway has disappeared), a message box will appear to

indicate what course to steer to get back on course. (For

information on how to set this scale, see pg. 44.) As you

approach a waypoint, a horizontal “finish line” will

move toward the bottom of the highway.

When the fin-

ish line reaches the CDI scale, you’ve arrived at your

destination.

Highway Pages

REFERENCE

34

In this example, the

Highway Page indicates

that you are off course to

the left. Steer right to get

back on course. Notice the

highway always shows the

direction to turn. If the

highway leads straight up

the page, you should con-

tinue in your current

direction.

If you get too far off

course, a message box will

appear to indicate what

course to steer to get back

on course most efficiently.

Bearing to

Waypoint

Graphic

Highway

CDI Scale

Distance to

Waypoint

User Selectable

Field

Speed Over

Ground

Track Over

Ground

Destination

Waypoint

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 34

Map Page

The Map Page shows your position and surround-

ings, and provides you with a target cursor that lets

you pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the dis-

tance and bearing to a map position, and mark new

waypoints while you navigate. The Map Page is broken

down into two sections: control fields and map section.

The zoom function, panning control, and configu-

ration fields are located at the top of the screen. The

zoom function uses 12 selectable zoom ranges from 0.2

to 320 miles or 0.5 to 600 km. (Using the zoom, pan-

ning, and configure fields will be addressed in the next

section.)

The map portion of the page displays your present

position as a diamond icon, with your track and/or

route displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are

represented as squares, with the waypoint name also

listed. You may select which of these features are

shown through the map setup submenu page (see pg.

38-39 for more information).

The four corners of the Map Page are used to dis-

play various navigation data, including the bearing and

distance to a destination waypoint and your current

track and speed over the ground. The two fields at the

top corners of the map show your bearing and distance

to one of three selectable destinations: an active desti-

nation waypoint, a highlighted on-screen waypoint, or

the panning target crosshair. If you are not navigating

to a waypoint or using the panning function, the top

data fields will not be displayed. Your current track and

speed are shown at the bottom corners of the display.

35

Note: A map scale repre-

sents the distance shown

from the bottom to the top

of the Map Page. For

example, when viewing

the 10 mile scale, the dis-

tance represented between

the top of the screen and

bottom is 10 miles.

REFERENCE

Map Page

The four corners of the

Map Page are used to

show your course, speed,

and distance to either a

cursor or to a destination

waypoint.

Bearing to

Waypoint

Pan & Configure

Fields

Track Over

Ground

Speed Over

Ground

Distance to

Waypoint

Zoom Scale

Present

Position

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 35

Zooming, Panning, and Configuring

There are four main functions you can perform from

the Map Page— zooming, pointing, panning, and con-

figuring (changing the map and track setup). Each of

these functions has its own “field”, which may be select-

ed and activated for use. Whenever the Map Page first

appears, the zoom field (at the top left) is always high-

lighted. The map has 12 map scales which are selected

through the zoom function field.

To select a zoom scale:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the zoom field.

2. Press the

E

key to begin range selection.

3. Select a range scale and press

E

.

The second function field on the Map Page is the

pan field, located at the top middle of the screen. The

pan function allows you to move the map with the four

arrow keys to view areas outside the current map.

To activate the pan function:

1. From the zoom field, highlight the pan field.

2. Press the

E

key to activate the pan function.

3. Use the arrow keys to move the map in any direction.

As you begin to move the map, a crosshair (plus

sign) will appear. This crosshair will now serve as a tar-

get marker for the moving map. The distance and bear-

ing to your destination will now be replaced by the dis-

tance and bearing from your present position to the tar-

get crosshair.

When you pan around the map, you’ll notice the

target crosshair will “snap” to on-screen waypoints and

highlight the waypoint name. Once a waypoint name is

highlighted, you can either review its waypoint defini-

tion page or waypoint display options, or execute a

GOTO function right from the Map Page.

To review the waypoint definition page for a high-

lighted waypoint:

1. Press

E

while the waypoint is highlighted.

Zooming,

Panning, &

Configuring

REFERENCE

36

A crosshair will appear

when you activate the pan

function. The distance and

direction of the crosshair

from your current position

will be shown in the upper

corners of the Map Page.

On-Screen Pointing

The crosshair will “snap”

to displayed waypoints,

which allows you to quick-

ly review or go to the

selected waypoint right

from the Map Page.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 36

Zooming, Panning, and Configuring (cont.)

From the waypoint definition page, you can also

define how each individual waypoint is displayed on

the map. The GPS 12XL displays waypoints as a name

with a corresponding symbol (e.g., “nearest fuel” and a

gas pump symbol), a symbol only (e.g., a fish symbol),

or a 16-character comment and corresponding symbol

(e.g., “great view” and the camp site symbol). The way-

point name has a six character limit while the “com-

ment” field has a 16-character limit, and there are 16

individual waypoint symbols available.

To select a waypoint display option:

1. Highlight the “symbol” field (to the right of the name

field), and press

E

.

2. Move the cursor to the ‘DISPLAY’ field, and press

E

.

3. Select a display option, and press

E

to select one

of the following display options: ‘NAME WITH SYM-

BOL,’ ‘SYMBOL ONLY,’ or ‘COMMENT WITH SYMBOL.’

4. Press

E

to confirm the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

5. Press

E

again (on the waypoint definition page)

to return to the Map Page.

The last function you can perform with a waypoint

highlighted on the Map Page is a GOTO directly to the

waypoint.

To go to a waypoint highlighted on the Map Page:

1. Press

G

.

2. Press

E

to confirm the GOTO waypoint page.

Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to Waypoints

During panning, the crosshair represents a target

position right on the Map Page, with the range and

bearing to the target displayed at the top corners of the

screen. You can also use the target crosshair to mark a

new waypoint position or as a GOTO destination right

from the map field.

To mark the target crosshair as a new waypoint:

1. Press

M

.

2. Enter a name and/or route number, and press

E

.

37

You may custom tailor the

Map Page to show way-

points by any of three

options.

REFERENCE

Waypoint

Display &

Marking Cursor

Marking a Cursor

Position

To mark a new waypoint

with the crosshair, simply

pan to the desired position

and press the MARK key.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 37

Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to (cont.)

You can also use the target crosshair as an instant

GOTO destination. This feature is similar to the MOB

mode, and will allow you to mark and instantly set a

course for a new waypoint called ‘MAP’.

To go to the target crosshair:

1. Press

G

, and press

E

.

To save the MAP waypoint, be sure to rename it

because it will be overwritten with the next GOTO.

To stop the panning function:

1. Press

Q

.

Accessing Map Setup/Track Setup Windows

You can access two additional pages—the map

setup page and the track setup page—by highlighting

the ‘CFG’ field at the top right of the Map Page, and

pressing

E

. The map setup and track setup window

will appear, ready for you to select one.

To select map setup or track setup:

1. Highlight either option, and press

E

.

Map Setup Page and Orientation

The map setup page lets you select the Map Page

and satellite sky view (see pg. 38) orientation, as well as

specify what items are displayed. The Map and Satellite

Pages may be oriented to ‘NORTH UP,’ ‘TRACK UP’ (the

direction of current travel), or ‘DTK UP’ (desired track

up, or the direction of travel to stay on course). The

default setting is track up.

To change the map orientation:

1. Highlight the ‘map’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select the desired orientation, and press

E

.

Note: Selecting the ‘DTK UP’ option will set the

satellite sky view to track up orientation.

The rest of the map setup page lets you specify what

items are displayed or plotted on the Map Page by

selecting ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ in the appropriate field.

• ’Rings’— displays the three present position range

rings on the map.

• ’Route’— plots the straight-leg lines between way-

points of an active route and displays all

route waypoint names.

Using Cursor &

Map Setup

REFERENCE

38

The ‘CFG’ field gives

access to the map setup

and track setup pages,

right from the Map Page.

The Map Page’s default

screen orientation is track

up. “Track Up” means

that your current direction

of travel is always up (or

towards the top of) the

screen. It can also be set

for north up or desired

track up orientation.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 38

Map Setup Page and Orientation (cont.)

• ’Nearest’— shows the nine nearest waypoints to your

position (black diamond) on the map.

• ’Names’— displays the waypoint name for the nine

nearest waypoints.

• ’Track Log’— displays and plots track points on the

map.

To turn a map item on or off:

1. Highlight ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ for the specific map item, and

press

E

.

Track Setup Page

The track setup page lets you manage the GPS

12XL’s track log data. You can also select whether to

record a track log and define how it is recorded.

To turn the track log on or off:

1. Highlight the ‘RECORD’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select ‘OFF, FILL, or WRAP’, and press

E

. (Note:

Turning the track recording off will prevent using

TracBack).

Track Method

The stored track method determines how often

positions are stored in the track log. The default setting

is automatic, which will store a track based on resolu-

tion. This setting gives the most efficient use of track

memory and provides the best TracBack route.

To change the method to record points based on

a specific time interval:

1. Highlight the ‘METHOD’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select ‘TIME INTERVAL’, and press

E

twice.

3. Enter hours, minutes, and seconds, and press

E

.

Track Log Display

The track log option sets the number of points the

unit will attempt to display on the Map Page. The

default setting of 250 points provides good resolution

with minimal screen clutter. The maximum setting is

1024 points. Once you’ve reached the maximum num-

ber of track points, the older points will be lost as new

points are added. Note that adjusting the track points

displayed will not affect whether the receiver records a

track log or the ability to create a TracBack route.

39

Use the track setup page

to control the way the GPS

12XL manages your track

log.

REFERENCE

Map & Track

Setup

Entering a time interval in

to the track recording cri-

teria will plot your posi-

tion points further apart

than they would be in the

‘Automatic’ setting. This

will increase the distance

you can travel without

using up your track log,

but will greatly reduce the

effectiveness of TracBack.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 39

Managing and Clearing the Track Log

The rest of the track setup window displays the per-

centage of available memory currently used to store

track log data, as well as function fields to clear the

track log memory and activate the TracBack feature.

To clear the track log:

1. Highlight ‘CLEAR LOG?’, and press

E

.

2. Highlight ‘Yes?’, and press

E

.

Note: It’s a good idea to clear the track log at the

end of the trail head, etc., in order to make the best use

of the TracBack feature.

Menu Page

The GPS 12XL’s Menu Page provides access to addi-

tional pages (submenus) that are used to select and cus-

tomize operation and navigation setup. These eight

pages are divided into categories by function. We’ve

already gone over the waypoint and route management

pages in their respective sections. Let’s review the rest of

these pages in the order they appear on the Menu Page.

To select a submenu page from the Menu Page:

1. Highlight the page, and press

E

.

2. To return to the Menu Page, press

Q

.

Distance and Sun Calculations

The distance and sun calculation page will give you

the distance and bearing between any two waypoints or

between your present position and a waypoint. It will

also calculate the sunrise and sunset (in local time) for a

particular date at either your present position or any

stored waypoint.

To perform a distance and sun calculation:

1. Highlight the ‘FROM’ field, enter the desired waypoint,

and press

E

.

2. Highlight the ‘TO’ field, enter the destination waypoint,

and press

E

.

3. The ‘DATE’ field will become highlighted. Enter the

date you’ll arrive at your destination, and press

E

.

If you haven’t marked your present position as a

waypoint or you leave the ‘TO’ field blank, the sunrise

and sunset at your present position will be shown.

Track Log &

Distance/Sun

Calculation

REFERENCE

40

Clear the track log any

time your screen gets clut-

tered or to make more

room to store points to be

used for a TracBack.

The GPS 12XL will calcu-

late the sunrise and sunset

times of any stored way-

point or your present posi-

tion. To calculate, enter

the date and year and

press ENTER.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 40

System Setup

The system setup page is used to select the operat-

ing mode, time offset, and screen preferences. The GPS

12XL has two operating modes:

•

Normal Mode

operates the unit at maximum

performance, and provides battery life of up to 12

hours on alkaline batteries.

•

Simulator Mode

allows you to operate the unit

without acquiring satellites, and is ideal for prac-

ticing or entering waypoints and routes while at

home.

To select an operating mode:

1. Highlight the ‘MODE’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select a mode, and press

E

.

Date and Time Setup

The date and time is located directly below the

mode field. Note: Date and time information is derived

from the GPS satellites and cannot be changed by the

user. Because the time shown is UTC (Greenwich mean

time) time, you will need to enter a time offset to dis-

play the correct local time for your area. To determine

the time offset for your area, note your position and

refer to the chart in Appendix C.

To enter the time offset:

1. Highlight the ‘OFFSET’ field, and press

E

.

2. Enter the time offset, and press

E

.

Note: Move the cursor to the left to change the plus

or minus sign.

Time Format

The time display shown on the system setup and

Position Pages may be set to display the time in a 12-

or 24-hour format.

To select the time format:

1. Highlight the ‘HOURS’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select 12- or 24-hour display, and press

E

.

41

The GPS 12XL’s two oper-

ating modes are accessed

through the system setup

submenu.

REFERENCE

Date & Time

Setup

To display the correct

local time, you must enter

the appropriate offset

from the chart at the end

of Appendix C.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 41

Screen Contrast

The GPS 12XL has adjustable screen contrast con-

trolled by an on-screen bar scale.

To set the screen contrast:

1. Highlight the ‘CONTRAST’ field, and press

E

.

2. Adjust the bar scale to the desired contrast, and press

E

.

Note: The screen contrast can also be adjusted by

pressing the rocker keypad while on the Satellite Page

(see pg. 11).

Backlighting Timer

The screen backlight timer is adjustable for 15, 30,

60, 120, or 240 seconds. The timer also may be set to

the ‘Stay On’ setting for continuous use. Whenever

backlighting is on, a bulb icon will appear on the

Satellite Page.

To set the backlight timer:

1. Highlight the ‘light timeout’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select the desired setting, and press

E

.

3. To turn lighting on and off, press the

B

briefly.

Tone Setting

The GPS 12XL allows you to choose a tone for mes-

sages only, messages and keystrokes, or no tone setting

at all.

To set the tone:

1. Highlight the ‘TONE’ field and press the

E

key.

2. Select the desired setting and press

E

.

Screen Contrast

& Backlighting

REFERENCE

42

The “Stay On” setting will

keep your backlighting on

continuously. However,

this will significantly

reduce your battery life.

The tone setting has three

options to customize it to

your preference.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 42

Navigation Setup

The navigation setup submenu page is used to

select units of measurement for position formats, map

datums, CDI scale, units, and heading information.

Position Formats

The default position format for the GPS 12XL is lat-

itude and longitude in degrees and minutes

(hdddºmm.mmm’). You may also select degrees, min-

utes and seconds (hdddºmm’ss.s’’); degrees only

(hddd.dddddº); UTM/UPS coordinates; or British,

German, Irish, Maidenhead, Swedish, Swiss, or Taiwan,

or User grid formats.

To select a position format:

1. Highlight the ‘POSITION FRMT’ field, and press

E

.

Select the desired setting, and press

E

.

User Grid Position Format

The user grid option lets you create a user defined

position format by establishing factors such as longi-

tude of origin, scale, and false Easting or Northing.

To define a user grid:

1. Select ‘User Grid’, and press

E

. Enter values for

longitude origin, scale, and false Easting and

Northing, and press

E

. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and

press

E

.

Map Datums

The ‘MAP DATUM’ field comes with a WGS 84

default setting. Although 106 total map datums are

available for use (see Appendix D for map datums),

you should only change the datum if you are using

maps or charts that specify a different datum than

WGS 84.

To select a map datum:

1. Highlight the ‘MAP DATUM’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select the desired setting, and press

E

.

43

The position format may

be set to display your

choice of many formats.

Note: degree and minutes

is the default setting.

REFERENCE

Navigation

Setup

The default map datum

covers world-wide naviga-

tion. However, if you are

using a paper map or

chart which uses a differ-

ent map datum that WGS

84, then you may wish to

switch to that datum.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 43

Map Datums (continued)

To define a user datum:

1. Highlight the ‘MAP DATUM’ field, and press

E

.

2. Scroll through the map datum options until ‘User’

appears, and press

E

.

3. Enter values for ‘DX’, ‘DY’, ‘DZ’, ‘DA’, and ‘DF’ using the

rocker keypad, and press

E

.

4. Highlight ‘SAVE?’, and press

E

. The setup menu

will reappear.

CDI Scale Settings

The course deviation indicator (CDI) field lets you

select the +/- range of the CDI bar scale on the Highway

Page. Three scales are available: +/- 0.25 (default), 1.25,

and 5.0 miles or kilometers. Note: This CDI value rep-

resents the full deflection of scale to either side.

To enter a CDI scale setting:

1. Highlight the ‘CDI SCALE’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select the desired setting, and press

E

.

Units of Measure

The GPS 12XL lets you select statute (default), nau-

tical, or metric units of measure for all “speed” and “dis-

tance” fields.

To change the unit of measure:

1. Highlight the ‘UNITS’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select the desired unit of measure, and press

E

.

Magnetic Heading Reference

The GPS 12XL’s heading information can be dis-

played referencing magnetic north (automatic or user-

defined), true north, or calculated grid headings. The

default setting is automatic magnetic north, which is

suitable for most applications.

To select a heading reference:

1. Highlight the ‘HEADING’ field, and press

E

.

2. Select the desired heading preference, and press

E

.

To enter a user-defined magnetic heading:

. 1. Select ‘User Mag’ and press

E

.

2. Enter the degrees and direction of magnetic variation,

and press

E

.

Datums, CDI

Settings, &

Measurement

REFERENCE

44

The user datum feature

allows you to define the

earth model used to calcu-

late position coordinates.

WARNING: Incorrect

entries may result in sub-

stantial position errors.

To enter a user-defined

magnetic variation, select

the ‘User Mag’ option and

enter the desired direction

and value.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 44

Interface Setup

The GPS 12XL’s interface page lets you specify the

formats for connecting external devices. There are six

options: GRMN/GRMN, None/None, RTCM/None,

RTCM/NMEA

, NMEA/NMEA, and None/NMEA. Each

option lists the input format first, followed by the out-

put format.

To select I/O format:

1. Highlight the I/O field, and press

E

.

2. Select the desired setting, and press

E

.

The GRMN/GRMN setting is a proprietary format

that lets you exchange information such as waypoints,

routes, and track logs between two GARMIN GPS units

or a GARMIN GPS and a PC. There are eight data

transfer options: send alm, send wpt, send trk, send

rte, request alm, request wpt, request trk, request rte.

To select a transfer option:

1. Highlight ‘HOST’, and press

E

.

2. Select a desired setting, and press

E

.

To disable all interfacing capabilities, select the

None/None setting. If you want to output NMEA data

without any differential input capability, select

‘None/NMEA.’

DGPS Interface

The last two format settings allow the differential-

ready GPS 12XL to accept RTCM DGPS corrections in

RTCM 104 version 2.0 format. Using DGPS corrections

will improve receiver accuracy to 1-5 meters, regardless

of errors induced by the government’s Selective

Availability (SA) program. Two RTCM options are avail-

able: RTCM/NONE, which allows connection to a bea-

con receiver with no output capability; and

RTCM/NMEA, which allows DGPS input and NMEA

output.

Once a RTCM setting has been selected, the GPS

12XL will either automatically try to tune the last fre-

quency and bit rate you selected or will switch to the

default frequency of 304.0 kHz with a bit rate of 100

bps if no previous beacon has been tuned. You may

also enter your own frequency and bit rate if desired.

45

Choose an interface

option based upon what

equipment you are using

to transfer information.

REFERENCE

Interface Setup

& DGPS

Once the RTCM option is

selected the GPS 12XL

will automatically tune

itself or display a default

frequency.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 45

DGPS Interface (continued)

To enter a DGPS beacon frequency:

1. Highlight the ‘FREQ’ field, and press

E

.

2. Enter the desired frequency, and press

E

.

3. Highlight the ‘RATE’ field, and press

E

.

4. Select the desired transmission rate, and press

E

.

When the GPS 12XL is receiving DGPS corrections

from the GBR 21, the ‘BEACON RECVR’ section of the

I/O setup page will display the beacon frequency and

signal strength, as well as the distance from the trans-

mitter to the beacon receiver. At the bottom of the bea-

con receiver field, a status message will keep you

informed of DGPS activity:

• A ‘Tuning’ message will be displayed while a bea-

con signal is being tuned.

• Once the beacon signal has been tuned, a

‘Receiving’ message will be displayed.

• If a beacon signal is tuned and no corrections are

being received, a ‘No Data’ message will be dis-

played.

• If a beacon signal cannot be tuned, a ‘No Status’

message will be displayed.

The message page will alert you to any problems

relating to DGPS operation. You may also monitor the

DGPS status from the status field on the interface page.

The GPS 12XL will display one of three alert messages

concerning DGPS operation:

No DGPS Position—

there is not enough data

available to compute a DGPS position.

No RTCM Input—

the beacon receiver is not

properly connected or the baud rates do not match.

RTCM Input Failed—

DGPS data was being

received but has been lost.

DGPS Interface

REFERENCE

46

The selectable baud rate is

available for all RTCM

interface options.

Alert messages will signal

any problems with DGPS

operation.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 46

Navigation Simulator

The GPS 12XL’s simulator mode lets you practice all

aspects of its operation without active satellite acquisi-

tion. You can plan and practice trips, enter new way-

points and routes, and save them for use during nor-

mal operation.

To activate the simulator:

1. From the Menu Page, highlight ‘SYSTEM SETUP’, and

press

E

.

2. Highlight the ‘MODE’ field, and press

E

.

3. Select ‘Simulator?’, and press

E

.

Once the simulator mode has been activated, use

the Position, Compass, or Highway Page to set your

speed and track by highlighting the appropriate field,

entering the desired value, and pressing

E

. You

may also enter a new position if you desire (from the

Position Page).

The GPS 12XL does not track satellites in simu-

lator mode. Although you can create and save

waypoints and routes while using the simula-

tor mode, never attempt to use the simulator

mode for actual navigation.

47

Select the simulator mode

from the operation mode

choices and press ENTER.

You may return to normal

operation by changing the

operation mode or by

turning the unit off.

REFERENCE

Navigation

Simulator

!

#

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 47

Initializing Your GPS 12XL for First-Time Use

The GPS 12XL typically acquires a position so fast

that initialization is completed automatically. However,

initialization will be necessary for the following:

• After memory loss

• When the receiver has been moved more than

500 miles with the power off.

Additionally, it may be necessary to initialize the

unit the first time you use it, if it does not acquire a fix

in a few minutes.

The receiver is shipped from the factory in

AutoLocate™ mode, which enables the GPS 12XL to

determine its location anywhere in the world. To speed

up the initialization process, we recommend using the

graphic initialization described below, which will usual-

ly provide a fix in a few minutes.

To turn the GPS 12XL on:

1. Press and hold

B

until the receiver turns on.

The welcome page will be displayed while the unit

conducts a self test.

Once testing is complete, the welcome page will be

replaced by the Satellite Page, with the EZinit prompt

ready for you to select one of two initialization

methods:

•Select Country––allows you to initialize the

receiver by selecting your present position from a

list of countries in the GPS 12XL’s internal data-

base. This usually provides a position fix in a few

minutes.

•Autolocate

TM

––allows the GPS 12XL to initialize

itself and calculate a position fix without knowing

your present position. This usually provides a posi-

tion fix in 3-5 minutes.

If the EZinit prompt has not automatically

appeared on the Satellite Page:

1. Press the

E

key.

Note: If the EZinit prompt ever appears after you

have initialized the receiver (due to the antenna’s view

of satellites being obstructed by trees, etc.), highlight

the ‘NO RE-INIT’ selection with the arrow keypad and

press

E

.

Initialization

APPENDIX A

48

Welcome Page

The EZinit prompt will

automatically appear if

the receiver needs to be

initialized. The prompt

may also appear during

normal use if the antenna

is shaded.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 48

To initialize the receiver:

1. If the ‘COUNTRY’ option is not highlighted, press the

D

key repeatedly to move the field highlight to the

‘COUNTRY’ option.

2. Press the

E

key.

3. Use the

D

key to scroll through the list options until

the country of your present position appears.

4. Use the

U

key to highlight the country/state/region

you’re in. If the country you’re in is not listed, select

another country within 500 miles of your present

position.

5. Press

E

to finish.

The GPS 12XL will now begin searching for the

appropriate satellites for your location and should

acquire a position within 3-5 minutes. You can verify

that you have acquired a position by watching the

Satellite Page transition to the Position Page (provided

you haven’t pressed any other buttons) or by looking

for a ‘2D NAV’ or ‘3D NAV’ status at the top-left corner

of the Satellite Page.

Initialization Troubleshooting

If you have trouble initializing the receiver or

acquiring a position, check the following:

• Does the unit have a clear view of the sky?

If there are large buildings or mountains nearby, or

if there is heavy tree cover, the receiver may not be

receiving enough satellite signals to calculate a

position.

• Have you selected the right country/state/region

from the EZinit list?

Check for the correct approximate lat/lon on the

Position Page, or reselect the appropriate country

from the list to restart the initialization.

• Have you moved more than 500 miles from the

last calculated position with the receiver off?

Reinitialize the receiver, selecting the country/state/

region of your new location from the EZinit list.

Your unit should now be initialized.

49

Use the arrow keypad to

highlight the country,

region, or state of your

present position from the

list and press ENTER. If

the country is not listed,

select the closest country

instead.

APPENDIX A

Initialization

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 49

Specifications &

Wiring

APPENDIX B

50

Never attempt any repairs yourself. To protect your GPS 12XL,

keep it in its carrying case when not in use, and never allow gaso-

line or other solvents to come into contact with the case. Clean the

case and lens with a soft cloth and a household window cleaner.

PHYSICAL

Case: waterproof*

Size: 14.6 x 5.1 x 3.4 cm

Weight: Approx 9.5 ounces (269g) w/ batteries

Temperature Range: 5º to 158ºF (-15º to 70ºC)

PERFORMANCE

Receiver: 12 parallel channel, differential-ready

Acquisition Time: Approx. 15 seconds (warm start)

Approx. 45 seconds (cold start)

Approx. 5 minutes (AutoLocateTM)

Update Rate: 1/second, continuous

Position Accuracy: 1-5 meters (3-17 ft.) with DGPS corrections**

15 meters (49 ft.) RMS***

Velocity Accuracy: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

Dynamics: 6g

POWER

Input: Four 1.5 volt AA batteries or 10-32 vDC

Power Consumption: 1 watt

Battery Life: Up to 12 hours (with 4 AA batteries)

Internal Backup: lithium battery

NOTE: Alkaline batteries lose a significant amount of their capacity as temperature decreas-

es. If you’re using the GPS 12XL in below freezing temperatures, use lithium batter-

ies for longer battery life. Extensive use of screen backlighting will significantly

reduce battery life.

Specifications subject to change without notice.

* Meets IEC (European Community Specification) 529 IPX7 for protection against immersion for

30 minutes at a depth of 1 meter.

** With optional DGPS Input.

*** Subject to accuracy degradation to 100m 2DRMS under the US DOD-imposed Selective

Availability Program.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 50

APPENDIX B

Specifications &

Wiring

DATA IN

(WHITE)

POWER

(RED)

GROUND

(BLACK)

DATA OUT

(BROWN)

Three optional cables are available to connect the GPS 12XL to an external

power source or interface with another unit or PC:

• Cigarette Lighter Adapter— Allows connection to a 12-volt DC cigarette

lighter plug. Part No. 010-10085-00.

• Data Transfer Cable— Allows data transfer between GARMIN GPS units. The

GPS 12XL is compatible with the following units: GPS 38/40/45/45XL, GPS

II/II plus, GPS 12, and GPS 12XL. Information that can be transferred

includes the almanac, waypoints, routes, and tracklog. However, waypoint

symbols are only transferrable from or to units that support waypoint symbols

such as the GPS II plus, GPS 12, and GPS 12XL software version 3.01 or

later. Part No. 010-10142-00.

• PC Kit Interface Cable— PC interface cable with 9-pin ‘D’ serial data connec-

tor. Part No. 010-10141-00.

The following interface formats are supported by the GPS 12XL for driving

three NMEA devices:

unit view

NMEA 0180

NMEA 0182

NMEA 0183 version 1.5

Approved sentences:

GPRMB, GPRMC, GPWPL

Proprietary sentences:

PGRMM (map datum),

PGRMZ (altitude), PSLIB

(beacon rec. control)

NMEA 0183 version 2.0

Approved sentences:

GPGGA, GPGSA, GPGSV,

GPRMB, GPRMC, GPRTE,

GPWPL

Proprietary sentences:

PGRME (estimated error),

PGRMM (map datum), PSLIB

(beacon receiver control)

DGPS corrections are accepted on

RTCM-104 v. 2.1 format.

51

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 51

Messages &

Time Offsets

APPENDIX C

The GPS 12XL uses a flashing on-screen message indi-

cator to alert you to important information. Whenever the

message indicator appears, press PAGE to view the mes-

sage page. There are two types of messages: temporary

alerts and condition alerts. Temporary alerts are cleared

from the message page after viewing, while condition

alerts remain until the condition has been resolved. Pay

careful attention to all messages for your own safety.

Active WPT Can’t be Deletd—You have attempted to change the “active to” or “active from”

waypoint. Clear the active route or GOTO before making your changes.

Accuracy has been Degraded—The accuracy of the GPS 12XL has been degraded beyond 500

meters due to poor satellite geometry or data quality. You should check other navigational

sources to verify the position indicated.

Already Exists—The name you are entering already exists in the GPS 12XL’s memory.

Approaching—You are one minute away from reaching a destination waypoint.

Battery Power is Low—The batteries are low and should be replaced.

No DGPS Position—Not enough data is available to compute a DGPS position.

No RTCM Input—

Beacon receiver is improperly connected or baud rates do not match.

Poor GPS Coverage—The GPS 12XL cannot acquire the necessary number of satellites to com-

pute a position. Try another location with a clearer view of the sky.

Power Down and Re-init—The GPS 12XL is not able to calculate a position due to abnormal

satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and verify the last position shown by other means. Try the

unit again later, possibly in a different location.

PROX Alarm—You have entered the alarm circle for a specific proximity waypoint.

Proximity Overlapped—The alarm circles of two proximity waypoints overlap which could

cause difficulty in monitoring distances to each waypoint.

Proximity Wpt can’t be Deleted—The waypoint you are trying to delete is listed as a proximi-

ty waypoint and must be removed from the list before it can be deleted.

Read Only Mem has Failed—The permanent memory has failed and the unit is not operable.

Received an Invalid WPT—A waypoint was received during upload transfer that has an

invalid identifier.

Receiver has Failed—A failure in receiver hardware has been detected. If this message persists,

do not use the unit and take it to an authorized dealer for repair.

Route is Full—You have attempted to add more than 30 waypoints to a route.

Route is not Empty—You have attempted to copy into a route already in use.

Route Waypoint Can’t be Deleted—The waypoint you are trying to delete is part of a route.

Delete the waypoint from the route before removing it from memory.

Route Waypoint was Deleted—A route waypoint entered does not exist in the database and

has been deleted from the route

52

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 52

APPENDIX C

Messages &

Time Offsets

RTCM Input has Failed—DGPS data being received has been lost. You are no longer receiv-

ing the beacon signal.

Searching the Sky—The GPS 12XL is in searching the sky for almanac data or the unit is in

AutoLocateTM mode.

Stored Data was Lost—All waypoints, routes, time and almanac data has been lost due to

battery failure or clearing the receiver’s memory.

Track Memory is Full—All track log points in memory have been used. You must either

delete the current tracklog or switch the record option to ‘WRAP’ which will begin erasing the

oldest tracklog points as new ones are added.

Transfer has been Completd—The receiver is finished uploading or downloading informa-

tion to the connected device.

WPT Memory is Full—You have used all 500 waypoints in the GPS 12XL. Delete unwanted

waypoints to make room for new entries.

Time Offset Chart

The table below gives approximate UTC time offset for various longitudinal

zones. If you are in daylight savings time, add one hour to the offset.

Longitudinal Zone Offset Longitudinal Zone Offset

W180.0º to W172.5º -12 E007.5º to E022.5º 1

W172.5º to W157.5º -11 E022.5º to E037.5º 2

W157.5º to W142.5º -10 E037.5º to E052.5º 3

W142.5º to W127.5º -9 E052.5º to E067.5º 4

W127.5º to W112.5º -8 E067.5º to E082.5º 5

W112.5º to W097.5º -7 E082.5º to E097.5º 6

W097.5º to W082.5º -6 E097.5º to E112.5º 7

W082.5º to W067.5º -5 E112.5º to E127.5º 8

W067.5º to W052.5º -4 E127.5º to E142.5º 9

W052.5º to W037.5º -3 E142.5º to E157.5º 10

W037.5º to W022.5º -2 E157.5º to E172.5º 11

W022.5º to W007.5º -1 E172.5º to E180.0º 12

W007.5º to E007.5º 0

53

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 53

Map Datums

APPENDIX D

54

The following list shows the map datums available for

the GPS 12XL. Menu abbreviations are listed first, fol-

lowed by the corresponding map datum name and area.

The default map datum for the GPS 12XL is WGS 84.

Adindan Adindan- Ethiopia, Mali,

Senegal, Sudan

Afgooye Afgooye- Somalia

AIN EL ABD ‘70 AIN EL ANBD 1970- Bahrain

Island, Saudi Arabia

Anna 1 Ast ‘65 Anna 1 Astro ‘65- Cocos Isl.

ARC 1950 ARC 1950- Botswana,

Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland,

Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

ARC 1960 ARC 1960- Kenya, Tanzania

Ascnsn Isld ‘58 Ascension Island ‘58-

Ascension Island

Astro B4 Sorol Astro B4 Sorol Atoll- Tern

Island

Astro Bcn “E” Astro Beacon “E”- Iwo Jima

Astro Dos 71/4 Astro Dos 71/4- St. Helena

Astr Stn ‘52 Astronomic Stn ‘52- Marcus

Island

Astrln Geod ‘66 Australian Geod ‘66-

Australia, Tasmania Island

Astrln Geod ‘84 Australian Geod ‘84-

Australia, Tasmania Island

Austria Austria

Bellevue (IGN) Efate and Erromango Islands

Bermuda 1957 Bermuda 1957- Bermuda

Islands

Bogata Observ Bogata Obsrvatry- Colombia

Campo Inchspe Campo Inchauspe- Argentina

Canton Ast ‘66 Canton Astro 1966- Phoenix

Islands

Cape Cape- South Africa

Cape Canavrl Cape Canaveral- Florida,

Bahama Islands

Carthage Carthage- Tunisia

CH-1903 CH 1903- Switzerland

Chatham 1971 Chatham 1971- Chatham

Island (New Zealand)

Chua Astro Chua Astro- Paraguay

Corrego Alegr Corrego Alegre- Brazil

Djakarta Djakarta (Batavia)- Sumatra

Island (Indonesia)

Dos 1968 Dos 1968- Gizo Island

(New Georgia Islands)

Easter Isld 67 Easter Island 1967

European 1950 European 1950- Austria,

Belgium, Denmark, Finland,

France, Germany, Gibraltar,

Greece, Italy, Luxembourg,

Netherlands, Norway,

Portugal, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland

European 1979 European 1979- Austria,

Finland, Netherlands,

Norway, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland

Finland Hayfrd Finland Hayford- Finland

Gandajika Base Gandajika Base- Republic of

Maldives

Geod Datm ‘49 Geodetic Datum ‘49-

New Zealand

Guam 1963 Guam 1963- Guam Island

Gux 1 Astro Gux 1 Astro- Guadalcanal

Island

Hjorsey 1955 Hjorsey 1955- Iceland

Hong Kong ‘63 Hong Kong ‘63- Hong Kong

Hu-Tzu-Shan Taiwan

Indian Bngldsh Indian- Bangladesh, India,

Nepal

Indian Thailand Indian- Thailand, Vietnam

Indonesia ‘74 Indonesia 1974- Indonesia

Ireland 1965 Ireland 1965- Ireland

ISTS 073 Astro ISTS 073 ASTRO ‘69-

Diego Garcia

Johnston Island Johnston Island Kandawala

Kandawala- Sri Lanka

Kerguelen Islnd Kerguelen Island, Kandawala,

Sri Lanka

Kertau 1948 Kertau 1948- West Malaysia,

Singapore

L. C. 5 Astro Cayman Brac Island

Liberia 1964 Liberia 1964- Liberia

Luzon Mindanao Luzon- Mindanao Island

Luzon Philippine Luzon- Philippines

(excluding Mindanao Island)

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 54

Mahe 1971 Mahe 1971- Mahe Island

Marco Astro Marco Astro- Salvage Island

Massawa Massawa- Eritrea (Ethiopia)

Merchich Merchich- Morocco

Midway Ast ‘61 Midway Astro ‘61- Midway

Minna Minna- Nigeria

NAD27 Alaska North American 1927- Alaska

NAD27 Bahamas North American 1927-

Bahamas (excluding San

Salvador Island)

NAD27 Canada North American 1927-

Canada and Newfoundland

NAD27 Canal Zone North Am. 1927- Canal Zone

NAD27 Caribbn North American 1927-

Caribbean (Barbados, Caicos

Islands, Cuba, Dom. Rep.,

Grand Cayman, Jamaica,

Leeward and Turks Islands)

NAD27 Central North American 1927-

Central America (Belize, Costa

Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,

Honduras, Nicaragua)

NAD27 CONUS North Am. 1927- Mean Value

NAD27 Cuba North American 1927- Cuba

NAD27 Grnland North American 1927-

Greenland (Hayes Peninsula)

NAD27 Mexico N. American 1927- Mexico

NAD27 San Sal North American 1927- San

Salvador Island

NAD83 North American 1983- Alaska,

Canada, Central America,

CONUS, Mexico

Nhrwn Masirah Nahrwn- Masirah Island

(Oman)

Nhrwn Saudi A Nahrwn- Saudi Arabia

Nhrwn United A Nahrwn- United Arab

Emirates

Naparima BWI Naparima BWI- Trinidad and

Tobago

Obsrvtorio ‘66 Observatorio 1966- Corvo

and Flores Islands (Azores)

Old Egyptian Old Egyptian- Egypt

Old Hawaiian Old Hawaiian- Mean Value

Oman Oman- Oman

Ord Srvy GB Old Survey Grt Britn-

England, Isle of Man,

Scotland, Shetland Isl., Wales

Pico De Las Nv Canary Islands

Potsdam Potsdam-Germany

Ptcairn Ast ‘67 Pitcairn Astro ‘67- Pitcairn Is

Prov S Am ‘56 Prov So Amricn ‘56- Bolivia,

Chile,Colombia, Ecuador,

Guyana, Peru, Venezuela

Prov S Chln ‘63 Prov So Chilean ‘63- S. Chile

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands

Qatar National Qatar National- Qatar

Qornoq Qornoq- South Greenland

Reunion Reunion- Mascarene Island

Rome 1940 Rome 1940- Sardinia Island

RT 90 Sweden

Santo (Dos) Santo (Dos)- Espirito Santo

Island

Sao Braz Sao Braz- Sao Miguel, Santa

Maria Islands (Azores)

Sapper Hill ‘43 Sapper Hill 1943- East

Falkland Island

Schwarzeck Schwarzeck- Namibia

Sth Amrcn ‘69 South American ‘69-

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,

Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,

Guyana, Paraguay, Peru,

Venezuela, Trinidad and

Tobago

South Asia South Asia- Singapore

SE Base Southeast Base- Porto Santo

and Madiera Islands

SW Base Southwest Base- Faial,

Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge and

Terceira Islands (Azores)

Timbalai 1948 Timbalai 1948- Brunei and E.

Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah)

Tokyo Tokyo- Japan, Korea, Okinawa

Tristan Ast ‘68 Tristan Astro 1968- Tristan da

Cunha

Viti Levu 1916 Viti Levu 1916- Viti Levu/ Fiji

Islands

Wake-Eniwetok Wake-Eniwetok- Marshall Isl.

WGS 72 World Geodetic System 1972

WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984

Zanderij Zanderij- Surinam

APPENDIX D

Map Datums

55

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 55

A

Acquisition Time . . . . . . .50

Activating a Route . . . . . .28

Active Route Page . . . . . .29

Acquiring a position . . . . .48

Alkaline batteries . . . . . . .50

Altitude (ALT) . . . . . . . . .15

AutoLocate™ . . . . . . . . . .48

Average Speed (AVSPD) . .15

B

Battery Installation . . . . . . .4

Battery Level . . . . . . . . . .14

Battery Life . . . . . . . . .4, 50

C

CDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34, 44

Cancelling a GOTO . . . . .10

Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii

Cigarette Lighter Adapter .51

Clearing Routes . . . . . . . .29

Clearing the Track Log 11,40

Compass Page .7, 10, 31, 33

Configuring the Map Page 38

Copying Routes . . . . . . . .29

Course deviation indicator 44

Course to Steer (CTS) . . .32

Creating Routes . . . . . . . .28

Crosstrack Error (XTK) . .32

Customer Service Dept. . .59

D

DGPS Interface . . . . . . . .45

Date and Time . . . . . . . . .41

Deleting Waypoints . . . . .22

Distance/Sun Calculations 40

E

EZinit . . . . . . . . . . . .13, 48

Editing Routes . . . . . . . . .30

Elapsed Time (ELPSD) . . .15

Emergency Erase . . . . . . .14

Est. Time Enroute (ETE) .32

Est. Time of Arrival (ETA) 32

European Community Spec50

G

GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Getting Started Tour . . . . . .8

Going To a Waypoint . . . . .9

Graphic heading display . .15

Graphic steering . . . . . . .34

H

Highway Page . . . . . .31, 34

I

I/O format . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Initializing . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Interface Setup . . . . . . . . .45

Inverting a Route . . . . . . .28

Index

APPENDIX E

56

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 56

M

Mag. Heading Reference . .44

Man Overboard Function .23

Map Cursor . . . . . . . . . . .37

Map Datums . . . . . . .43, 54

Map Orientation . . . . . . .38

Map Page . . . . . . . . .7, 9, 35

Map Setup . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Marking a Position . . . . . . .8

Maximum Speed . . . . . . .16

Maximum Speed (MXSPD)15

Menu Page . . . . . . . . . .7, 40

Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

N

NMEA Formats . . . . . . . . 51

Navigating Routes . . . . . .28

Navigation Page . . . . . .7, 31

Navigation Setup . . . . . . .43

Nearest Waypoints . . . . . .18

O

On-Route GOTOs . . . . . .30

Operating modes . . . . . . .41

P

PC Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . .i, 51

Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Position Accuracy . . . . . .50

Position Averaging . . . . . .17

Position Formats . . . . . . .43

Position Page . . . . . . . .6, 15

Power and Data Cables . . .51

Pre-defined waypoints . . .27

Primary Pages . . . . . . . . . .6

Proximity Waypoints . . . .19

R

Receiver Status . . . . . . . . .13

Reference Waypoints . . . .20

Renaming Waypoints . . . .22

Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Routes

Clearing . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Copying . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Creating . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Inverting . . . . . . . . . . .28

Navigating Routes . . . . .28

On-Route GOTO’s . . . .30

Route Definition Page . .27

Route Navigation . . . . .26

User-defined route . . . .27

S

Satellite Page . . . . . . . .6, 12

Scanning Waypoints . . . . .22

Screen Backlighting . .14, 42

Screen Contrast . . . . .11, 42

Signal Strength Bars . . . . .12

Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Sky View . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Specifications . . . . . . . . . .50

System Setup . . . . . . . . . .41

57

APPENDIX E

Index

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 57

T

Time Format . . . . . . . . . .41

Time Offset . . . . . . . . . . .53

TracBack Navigation . . . . .24

TracBack Tips . . . . . . . . .25

Track Log Display . . .24, 39

Track Method . . . . . . . . .39

Track Setup . . . . . . . . . . .39

Trip Timer (TTIME) . . . . .15

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . .49

Turn (TRN) . . . . . . . . . . .32

Trip odometer . . . . . . . . .15

U

Units of Measure . . . . . . .44

User-defined route . . . . . .27

User Grid . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Using the Keypad . . . . . . .5

Using the Position Page . . .9

V

Velocity Made Good (VMG)32

W

Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Waypoints

Comments . . . . . . . . . .21

Definition Page . . . . . . .20

Deleting . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Going to a Waypoint . . . .9

Nearest Waypoints . . . .18

Pre-defined Waypoints .27

Proximity Waypoints . . .19

Reference Waypoints . . .20

Renaming . . . . . . . . . . .22

Waypoint List . . . . . . . 19

Waypoint Pages . . . . . .18

Waypoint Symbols .21, 37

Z

Zooming . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Index

APPENDIX E

58

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 58

LIMITED WARRANTY

GARMIN Corporation warrants this product to be free from

defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date of

purchase. GARMIN will at its sole option, repair or replace any com-

ponents which fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will

be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor. The cus-

tomer is, however, responsible for any transportation costs. This war-

ranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or unau-

thorized alteration or repairs. GARMIN assumes no responsibility for

special, incidental, punitive or consequential damages, or loss of use.

The warranties and remedies contained herein are exclusive and

in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied, including any lia-

bility arising under warranty of merchantability or fitness for a par-

ticular purpose, statutory or otherwise. This warranty gives you spe-

cific legal rights, which may vary from state to state.

To obtain warranty service, call the GARMIN Customer Service

department (913-397-8200) for a returned merchandise tracking

number. The unit should be securely packaged with the tracking

number clearly marked on the outside of the package, and sent

freight prepaid and insured to a GARMIN warranty service station. A

copy of the original sales receipt is required as the proof of purchase

for warranty repairs. GARMIN retains the exclusive right to repair or

replace the unit or software at its sole discretion.

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 59

© 1997 GARMIN Corporation

1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, KS USA 66062

GARMIN (Europe) Ltd. - Unit 5, The Quadrangle,

Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire, SO51 9AQ, UK

Part Number 190-00134-00 Rev. C Printed in Taiwan

®

GPS 12XL Manual Rev C 7/10/98 11:19 AM Page 60