GemTek Technology A930923B T-311 11 Mbps High Gain Smart Ethernet Client User Manual

Gemtek Technology Co., Ltd. T-311 11 Mbps High Gain Smart Ethernet Client Users Manual

Contents

Users Manual

11Mb High Gain Smart
Ethernet Client
T-311
User’s Guide
Version 1.0 Nov. 2004
Copyright © 2004 Gemtek Systems, Inc
www.gemtek-systems.com
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Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, ma
y
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio o
r
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:
- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept an
y
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible fo
r
compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator &
your body.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna o
r
transmitter.
Gemtek systems declares that T-311 ( FCC ID: MXF-A930923B ) is limited in CH1~CH11 for 2.4 GHz b
y
s
p
ecified firmware controlled in U.S.A.
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1. Before You Start
1.1 Notice
Gemtek Systems, Inc. reserves the right to change specifications without prior notice. While the
information in this manual has been compiled with great care, it may not be deemed an assurance of
product characteristics. Gemtek Systems, Inc. shall be liable only to the degree specified in the terms
of sale and delivery.
The reproduction and distribution of the documentation and software supplied with this product and the
use of its contents is subject to written authorization from Gemtek Systems, Inc.
1.2 Trademarks
The product described in this book is a licensed product of Gemtek Systems, Inc.
Microsoft, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT, Windows 2000,
Windows XP, and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation.
All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
1.3 National Radio Regulations
Please note:
The usage of wireless network components is subject to national and or regional
regulations and laws.
Administrator must ensure that they select the correct radio settings according to
their regulatory domain. Refer to the regulatory domains chapter in the appendix
to get more information on regulatory domains. Please check the regulations
valid for your country and set the parameters concerning frequency, channel, and
output power to the permitted values!
Channel and output power settings may be modified by experienced service
person only!
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The default channel numbers for this product, T-311 High Gain Smart Ethernet
Client are only available from 1~11.
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2. Table of Contents
1. BEFORE YOU START....................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Notice....................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Trademarks.............................................................................................................. 4
1.3 National Radio Regulations ..................................................................................... 4
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................... 6
3. ABOUT THIS GUIDE......................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Purpose .................................................................................................................. 7
3.2 Prerequisite Skills and Knowledge ......................................................................... 7
3.3 Conventions Used in this Document ...................................................................... 7
3.4 Help us to Improve this Document! ........................................................................ 8
3.5 Gemtek Systems Technical Support....................................................................... 8
4. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 9
4.1 Overview................................................................................................................. 9
4.2 Scope of Delivery ................................................................................................... 9
4.3 The Usage of Antenna Housing ................................................................................. 10
4.4 The Usage of Universal Sucking Disk (U.S.D)............................................................11
5. INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................... 14
5.1 Installation............................................................................................................. 14
5.2 LED Indicators ...................................................................................................... 14
5.3 Reset the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client.......................................................... 14
5.4 Configuring the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client................................................. 14
6. CONTENTS OF WEB INTERFACE ................................................................................ 16
6.1 Top Page................................................................................................................ 16
6.2 Advanced Settings................................................................................................. 18
6.3 Wireless Settings ................................................................................................... 19
6.4 Network Settings.................................................................................................... 21
6.5 Management.......................................................................................................... 21
7.TROUBLESHOOTING......................................................................................................... 26
8. APPENDIX....................................................................................................................... 28
8.1 Regulatory domains.............................................................................................. 28
8.2 Device configuration default values...................................................................... 29
9. GLOSSARY......................................................................................................................... 31
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3. About this Guide
3.1 Purpose
This document provides information and procedures on hardware installation, setup,
configuration, and management of the Gemtek Systems High Gain Smart Ethernet Client
T-311.
3.2 Prerequisite Skills and Knowledge
To use this document effectively, you should have a working knowledge of Local Area
Networking (LAN) concepts and wireless Internet access infrastructures. In addition, you
should be familiar with the following:
Hardware installers should have a working knowledge of basic electronics and
mechanical assembly, and should understand related local building codes.
Network administrators should have a solid understanding of software installation
procedures for network operating systems under Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Millennium
Edition, 2000, NT, and Windows XP and general networking operations and
troubleshooting knowledge.
3.3 Conventions Used in this Document
The following typographic conventions and symbols are used throughout this document:
Very important information. Failure to observe this may result in damage!
Important information that should be observed.
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Additional information that may be helpful but which is not required.
Bold Menu commands, buttons and input fields are displayed in bold
Code File names, directory names, form names, and system-generated output such as
error messages are displayed in constant-width type
<value> Placeholder for certain values, e.g. user inputs
[value] Comments or hints
3.4 Help us to Improve this Document!
If you should encounter mistakes in this document or want to provide comments to improve the
manual please send e-mail directly to: support@gemtek-systems.com
3.5 Gemtek Systems Technical Support
If you encounter problems when installing or using this product, please consult the Gemtek
Systems website at
http://www.gemtek-systems.com
for
The latest software, user documentation and product updates.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).
Direct contact to the Gemtek Systems support centers.
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4. Introduction
Thank you for choosing the Gemtek Systems T-311 11Mb High Gain Smart Ethernet Client.
This manual will assist you with the installation procedure.
4.1 Overview
T-311 allows for one Ethernet-enable device (e.g., Windows/MAC/Linux/UNIX Desktop PC or
laptop) to be instantly connected to an existing 802.11b wireless network. Taking full
advantage of the integrated Web server capability, T-311 is performed through a simple Web
browser user interface for easy configuration.
Besides laptop or desktop environment, T-311 is also the ideal solution to make other network
device such as network printer or camera becomes a wireless station.
4.2 Scope of Delivery
Please ensure that the package is complete before beginning with the installation. The
package should include the following components:
T-311 11Mbps High Gain Smart Ethernet Client
Dual purposes cable USB/Ethernet with movable SR.
Universal Sucking Disk (USD)
CD (includes user’s manual and quick guide)
Warranty Card
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4.3 The Usage of Antenna Housing
When lift the antenna lid, it will be locked/lodged in 45 degrees and 90 degrees (See
pictures A and B).
Please do not lifted the antenna over 90 degrees (See Picture C), otherwise it will
cause damage to antenna.
The antenna housing can rotate up to 135 degrees clockwise/counter-clockwise (See
pictures D~G). It will be locked /lodged in every increment of 45 degrees in position.
A.
B
.
D
.
F
.
G
.
E
.
C.
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4.4 The Usage of Universal Sucking Disk (U.S.D)
1. To pull and rotate USD’s shaft into 90 degrees, then, press it against the surface
to make exhausted its air out. (See pictures A&B )
A
B
2. Return shaft into original position on USD. (See picture C)
C
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3. To Grasp and lift the salient part of the suction cap to allow ventilated. So, USD
can be easily torn off. (See pictures D&E )
D
E
4. Besides the suction cap, the USD kit also equips with magnet and a metal plate to adhere
on the surface. It simply tears off sticker on the back of metal plate and places USD unit on it.
(See picture F)
F
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Please apply suction cap and metal plate on any smooth surface. Any
method/usage does not follow this instruction may cause USD cannot hold T-311
unit properly.
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5. Installation
5.1 Installation
1. Insert circular power and Ethernet plug into the appropriate connector on T-311.
2. Connect power connector and Ethernet cable into a (power) USB port and Ethernet
connector (RJ45) on your systems, respectively.
3. Open and/or adjust lid (external patch antenna) to aim at Access Point for T-311’s best
performance.
5.2 LED Indicators
At the front of the T-311 High Gain Smart Ethernet Client you will see three LEDs.
If all go well, the Power LED is red and the LINK LED is green. It will be blinking whenever
there is traffic on the wired networks. The Orange LED indicates WLAN signal and represents
traffic wireless networks.
5.3 Reset the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client
If you press the reset button for more than five seconds, the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client
will be reset to the default factory settings. All changes you made to the configuration will be
lost.
1. Insert one end of a paper clip into the hole of reset button and keep it pressed for more
than five seconds. LINK LED will be blinking during the process.
2. Release the reset button after WLAN LED goes off. All settings will be deleted and back to
the default. You can refer to this manual again and reconfigure the High Gain Smart
Ethernet Client by yourself.
5.4 Configuring the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client
The High Gain Smart Ethernet Client is a ready-to-use device. It is delivered with default
settings that allow you to have access to it without configuration. The default IP address is
“192.168.5.99”, so enter http://192.168.5.99 in the address table of web browser then the User
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Login Window pops up (See Figure 1-User Login). Input the default user name (admin) and
password (admin01) and click OK to affirm.
Getting through the step above, the main frame of configuration displays and you can
configure the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client via a JavaScript-enabled web-browser such as
Internet Explorer 4.0 or higher, or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or higher.
Figure 1 – User Login
The computer that you are using for initial configuration must have an IP Address
within the same sub-network as the IP Address of the High Gain Smart Ethernet
Client. The High Gain Smart Ethernet Client has a default IP Address of
192.168.5.99 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
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6. Contents of Web Interface
6.1 Top Page
The Top page displays the current setup status of the T-311 11Mb High Gain Smart Ethernet
Client.
Figure 2 – Top Page
ESS-ID
The ESS-ID is also known as Extended Service Set Identify. It is a special case of SSID used
to identify a wireless network that includes access points. SSID is the short for the Service Set
Identifier that identifies a wireless network. All wireless devices on one network must use the
same SSID. Only High Gain Smart Ethernet Clients and clients that share the same ESS-ID
are able to communicate with each other. Click Search to scan the environment and a site
pops up to show the available networks around you. (See Figure 3 - Site survey). Then you
can select the network you want to connect and click Connect to affirm and apply the
configuration. Click Refresh to restart scan and if you click Back, it will go back to the top
page.
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Figure 3 – Site Survey
Network to Access
T-311 can operate with or without access point and have two corresponding modes. One
is the infrastructure mode and the other is ad hoc mode, also called peer-to-peer mode.
Infrastructure mode uses access points to allow wireless computers to send and receive
information. Wireless computers transmit to the access point that receives the information and
rebroadcasts it to other computers. The access point can also connect to a wired network onto
the Internet. Multiple access points can work together to provide coverage over a wide area.
Ad-hoc mode works without access points and allows wireless computers to send
information directly to other wireless computers. You can use ad-hoc mode to network
computers in a home or small office that contains fewer computers.
To connect a wireless network with a different mode, make sure to select the
mode correctly before scanning and connecting. For example, now you are in an
infrastructure network, when you want to connect an ad-hoc network, select the
Computer-to-Computer (ad-hoc) Network Only before doing anything else.
Data Encryption (WEP)
Overview
Wired equivalent privacy encryption (WEP) provides protect for your data on the network.
WEP uses an encryption key to encrypt data before transmitting it. Only computers using the
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same encryption key can access the network or decrypt the encrypted data transmitted by
other computers. You could select one of the radio buttons to enable or disable this function
and if it is enabled, a key is needed.
Under 802.11 a wireless station can be configured with up to four keys (the key index vales are
1, 2, 3 and 4). When an access point or a wireless station transmits an encrypted message
using a key that is stored in a specific key index, the transmitted message indicates the key
index that was used to encrypt the message body. The receiving access point or wireless
station can then retrieve the key that is stored at the key index and use it to decode the
encrypted message body.
How to enable WEP Encryption
Select Enable button and chose the encryption mode from the pull-down menu.
Use ASCII Text
Select ASCII Characters to enable. Enter a text, up to five (using 64-bit) or thirteen (using
128-bits) characters in the text field.
Use Hexadecimal Digits
Select Hexadecimal Digits to enable. Enter up to ten (using 64-bit) characters, or twenty
-six (using 128-bit) characters (0-9,A-F), in the text filed.
6.2 Advanced Settings
Top page only includes the basic information about the network you connected to. To further
configure the network, click the Advanced Settings on the bottom of the top page and a more
complex page pops up. (See Figure-4 Further Configuration) In the left column of this page,
there are four items related to the corresponding configuration for the smart Ethernet client.
Click one item to enter into the frame it represents and do the related configuration if you want.
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Figure-4 Further Configuration
6.3 Wireless Settings
The wireless settings page contains more information about the smart Ethernet client and you
could change some of the attributes to connect to a network properly. (See Figure-4 Further
Configuration)
ESS-ID
The ESS-ID is also known as Extended Service Set Identify. It is a special case of SSID used
to identify a wireless network that includes access points. SSID is the short for the Service Set
Identifier who identifies a wireless network. All wireless devices on one network must use the
same SSID. You can type the ESS-ID in the text filed manually or click Search to scan the
available networks around you automatically. The process to configure the ESS-ID is the
same as described in the Top Page and you can see more specification there.
Network to Access
T-311 can operate with or without access point and have two corresponding modes. One is the
infrastructure mode and the other is ad hoc mode, also called peer-to-peer mode.
Access Point (infrastructure) mode
In access point wireless networks, T-311 connects to wireless access points. These
access points function as bridges between wireless stations and the existing network
distribution system (network backbone).
Computer-to-computer (ad hoc) mode
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In computer-to-computer wireless networks, T-311 connects to each other directly,
rather than through wireless access points. For example, if you are in a meeting with
co-workers, your wireless device can connect to the wireless devices of your
co-workers, and you can form a temporary network.
Choose one of the two modes from the field and if you select the ad-hoc mode, then you must
specify a channel, refer to the Channel for more information.
Channel
In ad hoc mode, you can send and receive information to other computers without using an
access point. All wireless clients in the ad hoc network must use the same network name
(SSID) and channel number. The channel number is ranging from 1 to 11 and you can choose
a right one in the poll-down menu in the filed. If you are not sure about the channel number,
click Search to scan the network first and the channel number will be showed in the
corresponding column in the Site Survey page.
Data Encryption (WEP)
The same as described in the Top Page, the data encryption is used to encrypt the transmitted
data and provide the security in WLAN. You can enable the Data Encryption feature by click
the Enable radio box.
If you enable Data Encryption, you should select a key index from 1 to 4 and input the key in
the input box. You can choose to use ASCII Characters mode or Hexadecimal Digits mode
to input the key. There are two types of keys that one is 64-bits long and the other one is
128-bits. Using the 64-bits, you have to enter 5 characters or 10 Hexadecimal numbers
(0-9,a-f) in the field. The amount of character or number for 128-bits ASCII and Hexadecimal
are respectively 13 and 26.
BSS Basic Rate Set
The BSS Basic Rate is the speed at which the client transmits the data to the AP or other
computers or receives data from them. All the computers in a network must have the same
rate to communicate the others well. If you are not sure about the rate of the network you want
to connect, use Auto as default. The Mbps column in the page displays the rate speed at
which the network transmits the data. Make sure to keep the rate speed of the smart Ethernet
client synchronous to the networks’. One of the five speed rates could be configured in the
pull-down menu and the Auto represents the auto-negotiation mechanism that each client has
an ability to negotiate its rate speed with the AP and others computers automatically and the
Auto is the default configuration for the T-311 11Mb high gain smart Ethernet client.
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To connect a wireless network, using Auto is recommended unless you know the
rate of the network you want to connect.
6.4 Network Settings
In Network Settings page, you could configure the IP-related attributes of the smart Ethernet
client such as the netmask (See Figure-5 Network Settings). There are two methods to define
the client IP --- the static and the DCHP. When select the DCHP mode, the client will get the IP
from DHCP server on the same LAN. In the case of selecting the Static IP mode, you have to
define the IP Address and the netmask by yourself. If the above steps are over, click Apply
button to affirm and apply this new configuration.
Figure-5 Network Settings
Note: the IP configuration here is not the IP of PC you are using, but it is the
address of the T-311 11Mb high gain smart Ethernet client. Once you configure a
new IP for the client, if the new address is not in the same sub-network as the old
is, the logic connection between your pc and the client will be cut off and you can't
further configure it. To recover it, configure your own pc in the sub-network that
the client is in and login the client again to continue configuration. See 5.4 for
more information about login.
6.5 Management
Management is the last item in the left column of the Advanced Settings page. When place the
cursor over the Management, a menu that has four items pops up (See Figure-6 Pop-up
Menu). The four items are System Info, Administration, Configuration and Firmware Upgrade.
Most of them execute the management of the firmware in the smart Ethernet client. Specific
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descriptions are described as below:
Figure-6 Pop-up Menu
System Info
System Info page contains all the basic configuration information and you can get an overview
of the configuration from the System Info. page (See Figure-7 System Info).
Figure-7 System Info
MAC Address
The MAC address of T-311
Firmware Version
Current firmware version of the system.
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Rate
The current speed at which the client transmits and receives data, see BSS Basic Rate Set for
more information.
CON_MAC
The MAC address of the pc connected with the client.
ESS-ID
ESS-ID of the network. See ESS-ID in top page for more information.
Channel
The channel in which the client runs. See Channel for more information.
Mode
Network mode that the smart Ethernet client is using. See Network to Access for more
information.
BSS-ID
An unique identifier that AP used to identify the wireless network.
RSSI
Received signal strength indication.
Administration
In the firmware, there is a server to authenticate the user via the password. To configure the
client, you have to enter the username and the corresponding password so a more security is
supplied by this mechanism.
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Figure-8 Management
Username and Password
You can use a password to prevent tampering with the configuration of the High Gain Smart
Ethernet Client. By default, the username is “admin” and password is “admin01”. However, if
you want to renew the username/password, you can enter your new username and password
in the field, and click Save for the configuration to take effect.
Reset to Defaults
Click on Reset to Defaults to return all settings to the Factory Default values.
Reboot
Click Reboot to restart the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client.
Configuration
This page is to save or restore the configuration.
Figure-9 Configuration Save and Restore
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To download current device configuration for backup, click Download and a Save As
message box pops up. Specify the file name to backup the configuration and click OK to
complete it.
To restore device configuration from backup file, click Upload and go forward to Upload page
to identify the backup file to be restored. See the Figure-10.
Figure-10 Upload
Firmware Upgrade
Click FirmWare Upgrade to enter the Firmware Upgrade Page:
Figure 11 – Upgrade System Firmware
To change the firmware, a valid firmware file must be selected at first by clicking the Browse
button.
After selecting the valid firmware version, click the Upgrade button to complete.
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7.Troubleshooting
Q: It’s difficult to connect this device with exist wireless network.
A: There are several possible causes based on the way the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client
is connected to the network.
a. Problems on the wireless side
Always check the status of the LEDs to verify if you have:
♦ Electricity problems,
♦ Radio signal problems,
♦ Networking problems
1. Possible cause: Is the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client powered up?
Solution: Check the power LED. Check if the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client is
connected.
2. Possible cause: Is the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client is in range of the
Access Point?
Solution: Check the WLAN signal LED. Check for possible problems with
respect to range.
3. Possible cause: Is there a network connection? Check the network LINK LED.
Solution: The High Gain Smart Ethernet Client may take up to a minute to find
an IP address.
b. Problems on the wired side
Always check if your cables and connections are in good order and properly
installed.
1. Possible cause: Has the proper cable been used?
Solution: ·If the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client connects to a HUB, a
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‘normal’ (not a crossover) cable must be used.
·If the High Gain Smart Ethernet Client connects directly to a
computer, a crossover cable must be used.
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8. Appendix
8.1 Regulatory domains
Mexico is included in the Americas regulatory domain; however, channels 1
through 8 are for indoor use only while channels 9through 11 can be used indoors
and outdoors. Users are responsible for ensuring that the channel set
configuration compiles with the regulatory standards of Mexico.
France is included in the EMEA regulatory domain; however, only channels 10
through 13 can be used in France. Users are responsible for ensuring that the
channel set configuration compiles with the regulatory standards of France.
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8.2 Device configuration default values
Parameter Default Value
SSID [Blank]
WEP enable No
IP Address mode Static
IP Address 192.168.5.99
Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway 192.168.5.1
User Name Admin
Administrator or password Admin01
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8.4 Hardware Specification
Interface
System Interface IEEE 802.3 10/100Base_T Ethernet Port (RJ45)
Wireless
Standard IEEE 802.11b DSSS (2.4GHz ISM radio band)
Data Rate 11Mbps, 5.5Mbps, 2 Mbps, 1Mbps (Auto scaling)
Transmit Power +14dBm (typical)
Data Rate Sensitivity Modulation Sensitivity
11Mbps -79dBm CCK
External Patch Antenna 5.5 dBi
Physical Specification
Dimension 114 x 72 x 23mm (L x W x H)
Weight 115g
Environment Specification
Temperature 0℃ to 40℃
Humidity 10% to 95%, non-condensing
Power Supply
Operating Voltage 5.0V ± 5%
Current Consumption 500mA (maximum)
Regulatory Compliance
FCC
LEDs
3 LEDs WLAN, Link, Power
Warranty
1 year (limited)
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9. Glossary
Symbols:
802.11: 802.11 is a family of specifications for
wireless local area networks (WLANs)
developed by a working group of the Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
The original specification provides for an
Ethernet Media Access Controller (MAC) and
several physical layer (PHY) options, the most
popular of which uses GFSK modulation at
2.4GHz, enabling data rates of 1 or 2Mbps.
Since its inception, two major PHY
enhancements have been adopted and
become "industry standards".
802.11b adds CCK modulation enabling data
rates of up to 11Mbps, and 802.11a specifies
OFDM modulation in frequency bands in the 5
to 6GHz range, and enables data rates up to
54Mbps.
A
AAA: Authentication, Authorization and
Accounting. A method for transmitting roaming
access requests in the form of user credentials
(typically user@domain and password),
service authorization, and session accounting
details between devices and networks in a
real-time manner.
authentication: The process of establishing
the identity of another unit (client, user, device)
prior to exchanging sensitive information.
B
backbone: The primary connectivity
mechanism of a hierarchical distributed system.
All systems, which have connectivity to an
intermediate system on the backbone, are
assured of connectivity to each other. This
does not prevent systems from setting up
private arrangements with each other to
bypass the backbone for reasons of cost,
performance, or security.
Bandwidth: Technically, the difference, in
Hertz (Hz), between the highest and lowest
frequencies of a transmission channel.
However, as typically used, the amount of data
that can be sent through a given
communication circuit. For example, typical
Ethernet has a bandwidth of 100Mbps.
bps: bits per second. A measure of the data
transmission rate.
D
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) is a communications protocol that lets
network administrators manage centrally and
automate the assignment of Internet Protocol
(IP) addresses in an organization's network.
Using the Internet Protocol, each machine that
can connect to the Internet needs a unique IP
address. When an organization sets up its
computer users with a connection to the
Internet, an IP address must be assigned to
each machine. Without DHCP, the IP address
must be entered manually at each computer
and, if computers move to another location in
another part of the network, a new IP address
must be entered. DHCP lets a network
administrator supervise and distribute IP
addresses from a central point and
automatically sends a new IP address when a
computer is plugged into a different place in
the network.
DNS: Domain Name Service. An Internet
service that translates a domain name such as
gemtek-systems.com to an IP address, in the
form xx.xx.xx.xx, where xx is an 8 bit hex
number.
E
EAP: Extensible Authentication Protocol.
Defined in [RFC2284] and used by IEEE
802.1x Port Based Authentication Protocol
[8021x] that provides additional authentication
methods. EAP-TLS (Transport Level Security)
provides for mutual authentication,
integrity-protected ciphersuite negotiation and
key exchange between two endpoints
[RFC2716]. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled TLS
Authentication Protocol) provides an
authentication negotiation enhancement to
TLS (see Internet-Draft
<draft-ietf-pppext-eap-ttls-00.txt>).
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G
gateway: A gateway is a network point that
acts as an entrance to another network. On the
Internet, a node or stopping point can be either
a gateway node or a host (end-point) node.
Both the computers of Internet users and the
computers that serve pages to users are host
nodes. The computers that control traffic within
your company's network or at your local
Internet service provider (ISP) are gateway
nodes.
H
hot-spot: A hot-spot is wireless public access
system that allows subscribers to be
connected to a wireless network in order to
access the Internet or other devices, such as
printers. Hot-spots are created by WLAN
access points, installed in public venues.
Common locations for public access are hotels,
airport lounges, railway stations or coffee
shops.
hot-spot operator: An entity that operates a
facility consisting of a Wi-Fi public access
network and participates in the authentication.
HTTP: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
is the set of rules for exchanging files (text,
graphic images, sound, video, and other
multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.
Relative to the TCP/IP suite of protocols (which
are the basis for information exchange on the
Internet), HTTP is an application protocol.
HTTPS: HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol
over Secure Socket Layer, or HTTP over SSL)
is a Web protocol developed by Netscape and
built into its browser that encrypts and decrypts
user page requests as well as the pages that
are returned by the Web server. HTTPS is
really just the use of Netscape's Secure Socket
Layer (SSL) as a sublayer under its regular
HTTP application layering.
I
ICMP: ICMP (Internet Control Message
Protocol) is a message control and
error-reporting protocol between a host server
and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses
Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the
messages are processed by the IP software
and are not directly apparent to the application
user.
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers. The IEEE describes itself as the
world's largest professional society. The IEEE
fosters the development of standards that often
become national and international standards,
such as 802.11.
IP: The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or
protocol by which data is sent from one
computer to another on the Internet. Each
computer (known as a host) on the Internet has
at least one IP address that uniquely identifies
it from all other computers on the Internet.
When you send or receive data (for example,
an e-mail note or a Web page), the message
gets divided into little chunks called packets.
Each of these packets contains both the
sender's Internet address and the receiver's
address. Any packet is sent first to a gateway
computer that understands a small part of the
Internet. The gateway computer reads the
destination address and forwards the packet to
an adjacent gateway that in turn reads the
destination address and so forth across the
Internet until one gateway recognizes the
packet as belonging to a computer within its
immediate neighborhood or domain. That
gateway then forwards the packet directly to
the computer whose address is specified.
IPsec: IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is a
developing standard for security at the network
or packet processing layer of network
communication. Earlier security approaches
have inserted security at the application layer
of the communications model. IPsec will be
especially useful for implementing virtual
private networks and for remote user access
through dial-up connection to private networks.
A big advantage of IPsec is that security
arrangements can be handled without requiring
changes to individual user computers. Cisco
has been a leader in proposing IPsec as a
standard (or combination of standards and
technologies) and has included support for it in
its network routers.
IPsec provides two choices of security service:
Authentication Header (AH), which essentially
allows authentication of the sender of data, and
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), which
supports both authentication of the sender and
encryption of data as well. The specific
information associated with each of these
services is inserted into the packet in a header
that follows the IP packet header. Separate key
protocols can be selected, such as the
ISAKMP/Oakley protocol.
ISP: An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a
company that provides individuals and other
companies access to the Internet and other
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related services such as Web site building and
virtual hosting. An ISP has the equipment and
the telecommunication line access required to
have a point-of-presence on the Internet for the
geographic area served.
L
LAN: A local area network (LAN) is a group of
computers and associated devices that share a
common communications line and typically
share the resources of a single processor or
server within a small geographic area (for
example, within an office building). Usually, the
server has applications and data storage that
are shared in common by multiple computer
users. A local area network may serve as few
as two or three users (for example, in a home
network) or many as thousands of users (for
example, in an FDDI network).
M
MAC: Medium Access Control. In a WLAN
network card, the MAC is the radio controller
protocol. It corresponds to the ISO Network
Model's level 2 Data Link layer. The IEEE
802.11 standard specifies the MAC protocol for
medium sharing, packet formatting and
addressing, and error detection.
N
NAT: NAT (Network Address Translation) is the
translation of an Internet Protocol address (IP
address) used within one network to a different
IP address known within another network. One
network is designated the inside network and
the other is the outside. Typically, a company
maps its local inside network addresses to one
or more global outside IP addresses and
unmaps the global IP addresses on incoming
packets back into local IP addresses.
NAT is included as part of a router and is often
part of a corporate firewall.
P
POP3: POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) is the
most recent version of a standard protocol for
receiving e-mail. POP3 is a client/server
protocol in which e-mail is received and held
for you by your Internet server. Periodically,
you (or your client e-mail receiver) check your
mail-box on the server and download any mail.
POP3 is built into the Netmanage suite of
Internet products and one of the most popular
e-mail products, Eudora. It's also built into the
Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer
browsers.
PPP: PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a
protocol for communication between two
computers using a serial interface, typically a
personal computer connected by phone line to
a server. PPP uses the Internet protocol (IP)
(and is designed to handle others). It is
sometimes considered a member of the
TCP/IP suite of protocols. Relative to the Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference
model, PPP provides layer 2 (data-link layer)
service. Essentially, it packages your
computer's TCP/IP packets and forwards them
to the server where they can actually be put on
the Internet.
PPP is a full-duplex protocol that can be used
on various physical media, including twisted
pair or fiber optic lines or satellite transmission.
It uses a variation of High Speed Data Link
Control (HDLC) for packet encapsulation.
PPP is usually preferred over the earlier de
facto standard Serial Line Internet Protocol
(SLIP) because it can handle synchronous as
well as asynchronous communication. PPP
can share a line with other users and it has
error detection that SLIP lacks. Where a choice
is possible, PPP is preferred.
PPPoE: PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over
Ethernet) is a specification for connecting
multiple computer users on an Ethernet local
area network to a remote site through common
customer premises equipment, which is the
telephone company's term for a modem and
similar devices. PPPoE can be used to have
an office or building-full of users share a
common Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), cable
modem, or wireless connection to the Internet.
PPPoE combines the Point-to-Point Protocol
(PPP), commonly used in dialup connections,
with the Ethernet protocol, which supports
multiple users in a local area network. The
PPP protocol information is encapsulated
within an Ethernet frame.
PPPoE has the advantage that neither the
telephone company nor the Internet service
provider (ISP) needs to provide any special
support. Unlike dialup connections, DSL and
cable modem connections are "always on."
Since a number of different users are sharing
the same physical connection to the remote
service provider, a way is needed to keep track
of which user traffic should go to and which
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user should be billed. PPPoE provides for each
user-remote site session to learn each other's
network addresses (during an initial exchange
called "discovery"). Once a session is
established between an individual user and the
remote site (for example, an Internet service
provider), the session can be monitored for
billing purposes.
PPTP: Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
(PPTP) is a protocol (set of communication
rules) that allows corporations to extend their
own corporate network through private
"tunnels" over the public Internet. Effectively, a
corporation uses a wide-area network as a
single large local area network. This kind of
interconnection is known as a virtual private
network (VPN).
R
RADIUS: RADIUS (Remote Authentication
Dial-In User Service) is a client/server protocol
and software that enables remote access
servers to communicate with a central server to
authenticate dial-in users and authorize their
access to the requested system or service.
RADIUS allows a company to maintain user
profiles in a central database that all remote
servers can share. It provides better security,
allowing a company to set up a policy that can
be applied at a single administered network
point. Having a central service also means that
it's easier to track usage for billing and for
keeping network statistics.
S
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) is the protocol governing network
management and the monitoring of network
devices and their functions. It is not necessarily
limited to TCP/IP networks.
SNMP is described formally in the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for
Comment (RFC) 1157 and in a number of other
related RFCs.
SSL: The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a
commonly-used protocol for managing the
security of a message transmission on the
Internet. SSL has recently been succeeded by
Transport Layer Security (TLS), which is based
on SSL. SSL uses a program layer located
between the Internet's Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) and Transport Control
Protocol (TCP) layers. The "sockets" part of
the term refers to the sockets method of
passing data back and forth between a client
and a server program in a network or between
program layers in the same computer. SSL
uses the public-and-private key encryption
system from RSA, which also includes the use
of a digital certificate.
T
TCP: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a
set of rules (protocol) used along with the
Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form
of message units between computers over the
Internet. While IP takes care of handling the
actual delivery of the data, TCP takes care of
keeping track of the individual units of data
(called packets) that a message is divided into
for efficient routing through the Internet.
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which
means that a connection is established and
maintained until such time as the message or
messages to be exchanged by the application
programs at each end have been exchanged.
TCP is responsible for ensuring that a
message is divided into the packets that IP
manages and for reassembling the packets
back into the complete message at the other
end. In the Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) communication model, TCP is in layer 4,
the Transport Layer.
TCP/IP: TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic
communication language or protocol of the
Internet. It can also be used as a
communications protocol in a private network
(either an intranet or an extranet). When you
are set up with direct access to the Internet,
your computer is provided with a copy of the
TCP/IP program just as every other computer
that you may send messages to or get
information from also has a copy of TCP/IP.
TCP/IP is a two-layer program. The higher
layer, Transmission Control Protocol, manages
the assembling of a message or file into
smaller packets that are transmitted over the
Internet and received by a TCP layer that
reassembles the packets into the original
message. The lower layer, Internet Protocol,
handles the address part of each packet so
that it gets to the right destination.
Telnet: Telnet is the way to access someone
else's computer, assuming they have given
permission. (Such a computer is frequently
called a host computer.) More technically,
Telnet is a user command and an underlying
TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote
computers. On the Web, HTTP and FTP
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protocols allow to request specific files from
remote computers, but not to actually be
logged on as a user of that computer.
U
UAM: Universal Access Method is the current
recommended methodology for providing
secure web-based service presentment,
authentication, authorization and accounting of
users is a WISP network. This methodology
enables any standard Wi-Fi enabled TCP/IP
device with a browser to gain access to the
WISP network.
W
WAN: A wide area network (WAN) is a
geographically dispersed telecommunications
network. The term distinguishes a broader
telecommunication structure from a local area
network (LAN). A wide area network may be
privately owned or rented, but the term usually
connotes the inclusion of public (shared user)
networks. An intermediate form of network in
terms of geography is a metropolitan area
network (MAN).
X
XSL (Extensible Style sheet Language),
formerly called Extensible Style Language, is a
language for creating a style sheet that
describes how data sent over the Web using
the Extensible Markup Language (XML) is to
be presented to the user.
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