GemTek Technology WX1560 2.4GHz Wireless Access Point User Manual users manual
Gemtek Technology Co., Ltd. 2.4GHz Wireless Access Point users manual
users manual
Wireless LAN 11Mbps
Access Point
User Manual
Version 1.2 Feb. 2001
Copyright statement
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, whether
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior writing of the publisher.
Printed in Taiwan, September 2000
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This
equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:
- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Caution: To assure continued compliance, (example - use only shielded interface
cables when connecting to computer or peripheral devices) any changes or modifications
not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's
authority to operate this equipment.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment.
This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between
the radiator & your body.
R&TTE Compliance Statement
This equipment complies with all the requirements of the DIRECTIVE 1999/5/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
THE COUNCIL of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunication terminal Equipment and the mutual recognition of
their conformity (R&TTE).
The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive 98/13/EEC (Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and Satellite
Earth Station Equipment) As of April 8, 2000.
Safety
This equipment is designed with the utmost care for the safety of those who install and use it. However, special attention must
be paid to the dangers of electric shock and static electricity when working with electrical equipment. All guidelines of this
manual and of the computer manufacturer must therefore be allowed at all times to ensure the safe use of the equipment.
EU Countries intended for use
The ETSI version of this device is intended for home and office use in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France (with
Frequency channel restrictions), Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and
United Kingdom.
The ETSI version of this device is also authorized for use in EFTA member states Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and
Switzerland.
EU Countries Not intended for use
None.
Potential restrictive use
France: Only channels 10,11,12, and13
1 Contents
1 Contents...................................................................................................1
2 Introduction ..............................................................................................6
3 Installation................................................................................................7
4 APManager Features...............................................................................8
4.1 APManager Main Window................................................................9
4.2 Quick Start to Wireless Networking................................................10
4.3 Managing WLANs ..........................................................................10
4.4 Managing Access Points................................................................11
4.4.1 Network Settings Dialog.........................................................13
4.4.2 Searching for Access Points ..................................................13
4.4.3 Manually programming IP addresses.....................................14
4.5 Managing Security..........................................................................15
4.5.1 Access Control .......................................................................16
4.6 Updating Access Point Settings .....................................................17
4.7 IEEE 802.11b WEP Security..........................................................18
4.8 More about Cells ............................................................................18
5 Glossary.................................................................................................19
6 Technical specifications Series Access Points.......................................20
6.1 Standards supported......................................................................20
6.2 Environmental ................................................................................20
6.3 Power specifications.......................................................................20
6.4 Radio specifications .......................................................................20
6.5 Specific features.............................................................................20
6.6 Physical Dimensions......................................................................20
6.7 Weight……………………………………………………………………20
2 Introduction
Thank you for purchasing your 11Mbps Wireless LAN Access Point. This manual will assist you with the installation procedure
for PCMCIA 11Mbps PC Card models
The package you have received should contain the following items:
• User manual
• Access Point
• Power adapter
• Diskette containing APManager Software
Note: if anything is missing, please contact your vendor
A wireless LAN is normally used in a predefined environment. In such a network, Access Points are mounted at assigned places,
each covering its own area in which wireless nodes can operate. These Access Points are connected to a wired network to
communicate with each other and with servers and clients on that network.
The Access Point can be connected to a 10/100 Mbps Ethernet network through a RJ45 (UTP) connector.
3 Installation
1. Mount the Access Point firmly to the wall on the position that is determined during the site survey. A drill model is supplied
as a separate sheet with this manual.
2. Make sure the antennas are in a vertical position (if not, rotate over 90 degrees).
3. Insert the power connector.
4. Attach the UTP Ethernet cable to the Access Point.
5. Switch on the Access Point.
At the front of the Access Point you will see three LEDs.
If all goes well, the middle LED (power) is green and the leftmost (WLAN) and rightmost (wired network) LEDs flash whenever
there is traffic on the respective networks which is at least ten times per second for the wireless LAN because of so-called
‘beacons’.
The Access Point automatically selects the medium attached. When the cable network is detected, the network LED will turn
green.
You can reset the Access Point’s settings to factory defaults by pushing a paperclip in the little hole next to the power switch.
The sequence of the ACT is on, and keep holding until the LED is being turned off.
When you push a paperclip in the reset hole while the Access Point is switched on, only the lock set by APManager (Par 4.5) is
deactivated.
4 APManager Features
APManager provides a consistent view of the Wireless network. The systems administrator can use APManager to control a
large number of Access Points from a single location. The Access Points are remotely updated via the SNMP (Simple Network
Management Protocol).
Among the supported features are:
• Adding and removing Access Points
• Restricting access to the Wireless network
• Managing data protection options such as IEEE 802.11b WEP
• Assigning radio channels for optimal cell management
• Grouping the wireless network into multiple WLANs with individual access control and security options
• Programming an Access Point with a specified IP address
• Setting the SNMP Write Community string
• Storing the Access Point configurations on disk
• Verifying the status of all Access Points in the network
4.1 APManager Main Window
The Main Window of APManager may look like this. Before going into detail it is good to have an idea of what kind of information
to expect.
You may wish to skip to Quick Start to Wireless Networking.
The tree structure on the left of the window shows a list of WLANs (Wireless LANs) and the Access Points that are part of each
WLAN. The sample image above shows a single Access Point with hardware address 00:90:4b:08:05:36 that is assigned to the
WLAN named “Wireless LAN”. The icons indicate the status of the WLANs and their associated Access Points.
You can use clicking, double clicking, dragging etc. to view Access Point properties or move an Access Point to another WLAN
etc. See Managing WLANs.
The name (or ESSID) of the WLAN is used for identifying the WLAN. Client stations can roam freely over Access Points that
have the same ESSID. Therefore the security options for all Access Points with the same ESSID are identical. Security options
can be managed through the WLAN Security property sheet. See the section on Managing Security.
The Access Point property sheet will mainly be used to select a radio channel for each Access Point. See Managing Access
Points below.
4.2 Quick Start to Wireless Networking
Configuring a Wireless Network for the very first time, involves the following seven steps:
1. Physically connect the Access Points to the Ethernet LAN. Make sure they are switched on. The wireless network will be up
and running immediately. If you are content with the default settings of the Access Points, you can stop right here. It is more
likely however, that you want to assign different radio frequencies to each Access Point, or impose some restrictions on the
use of your wireless network.
2. To be able to manage the Access Points via SNMP, every Access Point needs a unique IP address. If you provide a DHCP
or BOOTP service on your LAN (and have sufficient free IP addresses available) this will be taken care of automatically. If
not, please read the section Manually programming IP addresses.
3. Fire up APManager and configure the Network Settings to reflect your situation (Use the Edit/Network Settings… menu
item). See the section Network Settings Dialog for details.
4. Create at least one WLAN (Edit/Insert Wireless LAN) and select the desired security configuration options.
5. Apply the built-in scanning function under Edit/Search Access Points to collect information about the Access Points. See
the section Searching for Access Points for more information about the scanning function. Drag the new Access Points to
the WLAN of your choice.
6. Select the radio channels of the Access Points according to your cell plan. See also More about Cells. Add descriptive
information about each Access Point for later reference.
7. Save the configuration information to disk, and commit the new settings to the Access Points in your network. Using this
button.
Note that the actual settings of the Access Points will not be affected until the Commit to Network function is executed. If
you quit APManager, you will be asked to both save and commit.
See Updating Access Point Settings.
You can open the saved configuration file anytime you to make changes to the network.
4.3 Managing WLANs
A WLAN or “Wireless Local Area Network” consists of a number of Access Points that together provide seamless access to any
wireless stations that are in reach of any of the Access Points.
Create a WLAN Select the Edit/Insert Wireless LAN menu
item to insert a new WLAN into the list.
Type the name (ESSID) of the new
WLAN.
Destroy a WLAN Remove an empty WLAN by pressing
Delete or selecting the Edit/Clear menu
item.
Rename a WLAN Click on the label of the WLAN to change
its name (ESSID). Note that client stations
use the name to identify the WLAN.
You can move an Access Point from one WLAN to another by dragging it with the mouse or by selecting Edit/Cut followed by
Edit/Paste.
There are two WLANs that have a special meaning in APManager. These are the Unused Access Points and Disabled Access
Points special WLAN’s.
Unused
Access Points APManager does not manage the Unused
Access Points within the context of the current
document. In other words, these Access Points
are ignored. You can view some information
about them (e.g. radio channel), but not modify
any of their properties. APManager does not
change the settings of these Access Points
when File/Commit to Network is selected. This is
useful when different people manage different
sets of Access Points.
Disabled
Access Points Access Points that are moved to this folder will
be made inaccessible for any client station as
soon as they are updated.
4.4 Managing Access Points
Individual Access Points are identified by their hardware address (or MAC address). To insert a new Access Point into the
APManager document by hand, its hardware address must be known. You can search for Access Points in your network
automatically; see Searching for Access Points.
Insert an
Access Point Select the Edit/Insert Access Point menu item to
insert a new Access Point into the selected
WLAN. APManager will ask for the hardware
address of the Access Point.
Disable an
Access Point Move an Access Point to the “Disabled” special
WLAN by pressing Delete or selecting the
Edit/Clear menu item. Access Points in this
special WLAN will not be accessible for any
client station. See Managing WLANs.
The Access Points are shown with one of the following icons.
On-line The Access Point is accessible on-line.
Off-line The Access Point is currently not accessible, or
the IP address is not known or incorrect.
Locked The Access Point is permanently locked. Its
properties cannot be changed.
Select the Access Point property sheet to view or modify the settings of the selected Access Point. The main function is to be
able to program the Access Point’s radio channel to match the cell plan. See the section “More about Cells” for details.
Read-only features shown include hardware address, brand and version, and the regulatory domain.
Hardware address (MAC address)
Brand, type, and version
information.
The regulatory domain for which
the Access Point has been
configured (factory setting). Note
that it is illegal to use the Access
Point outside the designated
domain. See Regulatory Domains
for details.
The IP address and the hostname
of the Access Point.
The radio channel number. The
permissible channels depend on
the Regulatory Domain.
An optional description field for
easy reference.
4.4.1 Network Settings Dialog
Selecting the Edit/Network Settings… menu item (or clicking the corresponding toolbar button) pops up the Network Settings
dialog. Use this dialog to inform APManager about your network configuration. APManager needs this information to be able to
scan for Access Points.
Add your network addresses (subnets) by entering the correct information in the Network address, mask and default gateway
fields in the dialog, and clicking the Set button for each network/subnet. To view the details of a particular network, click on the
Address field in the list. Click the Remove button to delete a network from the list.
If the computer on which APManager is running is connected to all your networks directly, you can try Auto Add Local Networks
to insert them in the list. Note: if subnetting is used, the network addresses and masks generated by this function may not be
correct and should be adjusted manually.
4.4.2 Searching for Access Points
APManager has an easy-to-use Access Point discovery function that simplifies the administration of the Access
Points in your network. You normally apply the Search function in one of the following situations:
• New Access Points have been added to the network
• The IP address of one or more Access Points is no longer valid or known, possibly because the DHCP or BOOTP server
has assigned it a different IP address. You may be informed of this fact because the Access Points will be reported off-line
by APManager.
Invoke the Search function by selecting the menu command Edit/Search Access Points, or pressing the associated toolbar
button. While APManager is scanning the network, you may continue work on the document. If necessary you can abort a scan
by clicking on the Abort Search button.
A progress indicator will be shown in the status bar.
4.4.3 Manually programming IP addresses
The preferred method of providing IP addresses for your Access Points is applying a DHCP or BOOTP server in your network. If
you do, the Access Points will acquire an IP address automatically from this server.
If you do not have a DHCP server it is possible to set the IP address of your Access Points from APManager.
1. Physically connect the Access Points and the computer on which you run APManager to the same Ethernet segment.
2. Make sure there is no DHCP or BOOTP server running.
3. Switch the Access Points on. The network LED should light up in red.
4. Configure the network you want your Access Points to be part of. See Network Settings Dialog for details.
5. Enter the hardware addresses of the Access Points by hand using the Edit/Insert Access Point menu command or clicking
the appropriate toolbar button.
6. For each Access Point select Edit/Set IP Address menu command and enter the required IP address manually. As soon as
you press apply, the Access Point should acquire the designated IP address. Within a few seconds the network LED on the
Access Point should light up green.
Note that you may or may not be able to communicate with the Access Point, depending on the validity of the IP address in
the current Ethernet segment.
4.5 Managing Security
Maintaining security in a wireless LAN environment is somewhat different from a wired network, because the radio waves do not
stop at your office walls. Eavesdropping or unauthorised access from outside your building can be a serious threat.
There are three types of actions involved:
• Protecting your data while it is transferred from one station to another. Encryption techniques will be necessary in most
environments (Data Privacy).
• Control who can make use of the wireless network (Access Control).
• Protecting your network configuration against tampering from both inside and outside your organisation (Secure
Management).
Data Privacy An Access Point supports two different data privacy
algorithms: unencrypted data; standardised IEEE
802.11b WEP (based on a 40 bit shared key).
Access Control The IEEE 802.11b standard allows for Access Control
rules based on the client station’s hardware address,
and is fully implemented by the AP.
Secure
Management The primary protection against tampering for any SNMP
agent is the Write Community String (WCS), which
functions as a password for network management
commands. The WCS is sent over your network in plain
text, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping from within
your organisation. The WCS is never sent over the
radio, however.
If you want you can lock your Access Points. After
being locked they can no longer be managed via
SNMP. Press the pinhole Reset switch on the back-
panel of the Access Point to unlock the Access Point.
Select the required security options in the WLAN Security property sheet.
Use this button to lock the settings of the
Access Points (almost) permanently
Edit the Community String
field to modify the SNMP
Write Community String for
all Access Points in the
selected WLAN.
Select the data privacy
algorithm(s) you want to
support in the Access Points.
See the section Access
Control for details.
.
4.5.1 Access Control
Within the IEEE 802.11b framework, Access Control is based on the hardware address of the client stations. Per client you can
select whether or not it will be allowed access to your wireless network infrastructure. On the WLAN Security tab, check the Use
Access Control box to enable Access Control. If this box is not checked, any client station can associate with your network.
Click the Access Control Settings… button on the WLAN Security tab to pop up the Access Control Dialog. Press Add… to enter
the client stations you want to grant access.
A default rule determines whether unregistered stations can join. You can move clients between Access Granted and Access
Denied lists by clicking the >> and << buttons or pressing the left and right arrow keys.
Press Apply to confirm your changes and close the dialog.
4.6 Updating Access Point Settings
After modifying the open APManager document you should update the Access Points in your network with the new settings.
This is done for all Access Points simultaneously by selecting the File/Commit to Network menu command. Or clicking the
associated toolbar button. During the update the following Dialog is displayed:
Access Point that
is currently being
processed.
Progress indicator
Update result
counters. The
‘Skipped’ count
refers to Access
Points in the
‘Unused’ special
WLAN.
Specific error
messages.
Within 10 seconds after the Access Point has been successfully updated it will disconnect all client stations that are joined with it,
and restart with the new settings. While restarting it will show red LEDs for a short period of time.
4.7 IEEE 802.11b WEP Security
The IEEE 802.11b standard includes a Shared Key data privacy mechanism, called ‘Wired Equivalent Privacy’.
Features of WEP are:
• Data encryption using a 40 bit shared key
• No key distribution mechanism. The shared key (password) must be distributed manually to all personnel and either be
remembered or stored somewhere on the hard disk.
• Simple authentication of clients based on hardware address.
4.8 More about Cells
Each Access Point in the network forms the centre of a cell, or BSS. The Cells should overlap slightly to guarantee seamless
wireless connectivity everywhere. Nearby Access Points should preferably send and receive on different channels for maximum
throughput.
Creating a cell plan for your site can be complicated, and is usually done by experts employing special measuring equipment.
Furthermore, the radio channels you may use depend on both the capabilities of the PC-Cards you are deploying, as well as the
regulations in your area. The following table may be of help:
Regulatory
Domain Area Permissible
Channels
FCC United States 1 – 11
RSS Canada 1 – 11
ETSI Europe except
Spain and France 1 – 13
TELEC Japan 1-14
5 Glossary
BSS “Basic Service Set”. De facto an alias for Access
Point.
Cell Area in which the radio signal of an Access Point
is sufficiently good to join with it.
ESS “Extended Service Set”. A group of Access
Points with identical settings among which a
client system can roam. An ESS forms the heart
of a WLAN.
Shared Key Algorithm Encryption scheme for which both sender and
receiver need to know the (same) encryption
key.
SNMP “Simple Network Management Protocol”
WLAN “Wireless LAN” The set of Access Points and
Wireless Clients that form a local area network.
Write Community String SNMP password
WEP “Wired Equivalent Protection”
Data privacy mechanism based on a 40 bit
shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE
802.11b standard
6 Technical specifications of Series Access Points
6.1 Standards supported
− IEEE 802.11b standard for Wireless LAN
− All major networking standards (including IP, IPX)
6.2 Environmental
Operating temperature (ambient):
− -10 ~ 55°C
Humidity:
− Max. 95% Non-condensing
6.3 Power specifications
DC power supply
− Input : DC 100-240 50-60 Hz 1A
− Output: 5V DC 1A converter incl.
6.4 Radio specifications
Range:
− per cell indoors approx. 35-100 meters
− per cell outdoors up to 100-300 meters
Transmit power:
− Nominal Temp Range: 14 dBm, 12min.
− Extend Temp Range: 14 dBm, 11 dBm min.
− Transmit Power, 2.7 v to 3v: 14 dBm max,11 dBm min.
Frequency range:
− 2.4-2.4835 GHz, direct sequence spread spectrum
Number of Channels:
− Most European countries: 13
− US and Canada: 11 (3 non-overlapping)
− France: 4 (1 non-overlapping)
− Japan : 14
Antenna system:
− Dual antenna diversity system; 2dB gain with swivel neck
6.5 Specific features
Supported bit rates:
− 11 Mbps : CCK
− 5.5 Mbps : CCK
− 1 Mbps : DBSK
− 2 Mbps : DQPSK
Data encryption:
− 40-bit WEP Encryption
Utility Software:
− AP Manager to manage wireless LAN, network connection and client access control
6.6 Physical Dimensions
− 119.5 x 101.5 x 27 mm
6.7 Weight
− 130g