Harris Farinon Division 9GKAUR5801T1-1 AURORA 5800 Spread Spectrum Digital Microwave Radi User Manual

Harris Corporation Farinon Division AURORA 5800 Spread Spectrum Digital Microwave Radi

Contents

Reference Manual

RMN-112862-E02Issue 2, January 31, 2000ReferenceAuroraTM 58005.8 GHzDigital Radionext level solutions
Copyright 2000, HARRIS CORPORATION. All rights reserved.Aurora is a trademark of the HARRIS CORPORATION.Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.HARRIS CORPORATIONMicrowave Communications Division350 Twin Dolphin DriveRedwood Shores, CA 94065-1421http://www.microwave.harris.comWe’re ISO certified.CaveatSpread spectrum point-to-point radio relay links like Aurora’s are allowed by various regulatory agencies to operate unlicensed on a “noninterference basis”. Because of the unlicensed nature, the Aurora radios require neither frequency licensing nor prior coordination in most regions. Good engineering judgment needs to be exercised by the operator and professional installer to avoid selecting paths or locations near equipment or facilities that could generate interfering signals. Such equipment might include microwave ovens and other high-power ISM devices. Additionally, precaution should be taken when links are deployed in a region where a large number of other 5.8-GHz, point-to-point or point-to-multipoint links are installed.The Aurora installation software with its adjustable power feature is for professional installer use only, as mandated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC, Part 15) and the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETS 300-328). The customer version is provided with the adjustable power feature disengaged.Harris Corporation does not assume any liability or damage arising out of the application or misuse of this Aurora radio product and its software.WarrantyAny warranties or conditions made herein by Harris are exclusive, made in lieu of all other warranties or conditions, express or implied (except to title) including, but not limited to, any implied warranty or condition of merchantability, any implied warranty or condition of fitness for a particular purpose, or any warranty or condition arising out of performance or custom or usage of trade. Customer acknowledges any circumstances causing any such exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose shall not affect any Harris warranty.Aurora 5800 contains no user-serviceable or replaceable parts.Limitation of DamagesHarris’ total and maximum liability under this agreement, or in connection with the subject matter of this agreement, or any transaction related to this agreement, shall be limited to one-half (1/2) of the aggregate amount paid to Harris, regardless of the basis for such liability. The customer acknowledges and agrees that this section shall be enforceable in the event of any claim made in connection with this agreement, including, but not limited to, any claim for failure of delivery. In no event shall Harris be liable for any punitive, special, incidental, or consequential damages, including, but not limited to, lost profits, opportunities, or savings, or for any loss of use of, or loss of data or information of any kind, however caused, or for any full or partial loss of performance of any product, even if Harris has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
Aurora 58001 • • • ••• • • • • • • ContentsList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Customer Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Caveat .............................................................................. 19Repair and Return .......................................................... 19Service Center Locations .............................................. 20U.S.A. ...................................................................................... 20Canada .................................................................................... 20Telephone and Fax Numbers ................................................. 20Technical Support .......................................................... 21Customer Resource Center ..................................................... 21Business Hours ....................................................................... 21Telephone Numbers ................................................................ 21Fax Number ............................................................................. 21Internet .................................................................................... 22Customer Training .......................................................... 22Telephone Number .................................................................. 22Training Centers ...................................................................... 22Canada .............................................................................. 22U.S.A. ................................................................................ 22
2 Contents• • • •••CHAPTER 1, Introduction .......................................................... 23Aurora 5800 Overview .................................................... 23Related Publications ...................................................... 24CHAPTER 2, Product Description ............................................ 25Physical Description ...................................................... 25Front View ............................................................................... 25Back View ................................................................................ 27DC Connector .......................................................................... 27T1/E1 Line Interface ....................................................... 28T1/E1 Interface Connector ...................................................... 28Unbalanced E1 Interface ......................................................... 28Alarm Port ................................................................................ 29CIT Port ................................................................................... 30DATA Port ............................................................................... 30PHONE .................................................................................... 31Hardware Assemblies .................................................... 32Modem ..................................................................................... 32Transmit Direction ............................................................. 32Receive Direction .............................................................. 34Jumper Settings ................................................................ 36DIP Switch Settings ........................................................... 38Upconverter and Power Amplifier ............................................ 39Down Converter and Low-Noise Amplifier ............................... 39Nominal Frequencies ............................................................... 40Antenna Diplexer ..................................................................... 40Aurora 5800 Block Diagram .................................................... 40CHAPTER 3, System Description ............................................. 43Frequency Plans ............................................................. 43Coexistence with Other Radio Links ........................................ 43Aurora Frequency Plan ............................................................ 43
Aurora 58003 • • • •••Spread Sequence Pseudo-random Number (PN) Selection ... 44Aurora 5800 Radio Configurations ............................... 45Point-to-Point Configuration .................................................... 45Repeater Configuration ........................................................... 46Multihop and Hubbing Arrangements .......................... 48Network Planning .................................................................... 48Parallel-Path Arrangement for Higher Capacity or Protection . 49Multihop Networking Arrangement through Repeaters ............ 49Hubbing (Star) Networking Arrangement Out of a Node ......... 50Wanted and Unwanted Signal Path Antennas at a Hub Site ... 51At the Same Elevation (correlated path fading) ................ 51At Different Elevations (independent path fading) ............. 51Hubbing Examples .................................................................. 52Blocking Arrangement ....................................................... 52Channel Assignments for the Long 2T1/E1 Paths ............ 53Channel Assignments for the Short 1T1/E1 Paths ............ 53Conclusion ............................................................................... 54Harris MCD Service ................................................................. 55CHAPTER 4, Technical Specifications ..................................... 57Features .......................................................................... 57Performance (One Hop) ................................................. 58System Gain (at BER = 10-6) ..................................................... 58Frequency Plan (Standard) ..................................................... 58Acquisition Time ...................................................................... 58Transmission Delay ................................................................. 58Dispersive Fade Margin ........................................................... 59MTBF ....................................................................................... 59Transmitter ...................................................................... 59Specifications 59PN Code and Chip Rate .......................................................... 59Receiver .......................................................................... 60Specifications .......................................................................... 60
4 Contents• • • •••Receiver Level .................................................................. 60Receiver Level at 10-6 BER ............................................... 60Antenna/Diplexer ............................................................ 61Specifications .......................................................................... 61Frequency Spacing .................................................................. 61Digital Data Interface ...................................................... 62Data Capacity .......................................................................... 62T1 Specifications ..................................................................... 62Pulse Shape ...................................................................... 62Jitter .................................................................................. 63E1 Specifications ..................................................................... 65Pulse Shape ...................................................................... 65Jitter .................................................................................. 66Ports, Indicators, Test Points, and Alarms .................. 68Ports ........................................................................................ 68Programmability ................................................................ 68Front-Panel LED Indicators ..................................................... 68Front-Panel Test Jacks ............................................................ 68Built-in Diagnostics (through RS-232) ..................................... 69Power Specifications ..................................................... 69Environmental Specifications ....................................... 69Mechanical Specifications ............................................. 70CHAPTER 5, Installation Planning ........................................... 71General ............................................................................ 71Caveat .............................................................................. 71Interference ..................................................................... 71Performance and Economic Considerations ............... 72Antenna Installation ....................................................... 74Antenna Selection .......................................................... 75Antenna Selection Criteria ....................................................... 75Directivity ........................................................................... 75
Aurora 58005 • • • •••Gain ................................................................................... 75Polarization ....................................................................... 76Site Selection .................................................................. 76Link Performance .................................................................... 76Path Clearance and Reliability ................................................ 77Antenna Site Selection ............................................................ 77Antenna Cable Selection ............................................... 79Antenna Alignment ......................................................... 80Typical RSSI Voltage versus Receiver Input Level ................. 80Point-to-Point Path Analysis .................................................... 81Examples of Transmission Distances ...................................... 84Spacing Requirement ..................................................... 85CHAPTER 6, Software Utility Program ..................................... 87Aurora Software .............................................................. 87Installing the Software ................................................... 87Running the Software .................................................... 88AURORA5800 Main Window .......................................... 88Features 89Status/Alarms .......................................................................... 90Phone ...................................................................................... 90Connection Configuration ............................................. 91Connecting the COMM Port ........................................... 92Frequency ....................................................................... 93Spread Code ................................................................... 94Tx Output Power ............................................................. 94Set Alarm Level ....................................................................... 95Set Power ................................................................................ 95Tx Power Display ..................................................................... 95Init Hardware ................................................................... 96Quitting the AURORA5800 Program ............................. 96
6 Contents• • • •••CHAPTER 7, Troubleshooting Guideline ................................. 97General ............................................................................ 97Power LED Off ................................................................ 98TX Power Alarm .............................................................. 98RX Data Alarm ................................................................ 98Software Diagnosis ........................................................ 99LOS Alarm ....................................................................... 99Interference Resolution ............................................... 100CHAPTER 8, Connecting to FarScan ..................................... 101Introduction ................................................................... 101Hardware Interface ....................................................... 102Hardwire Connection ............................................................. 102Modem Connection ............................................................... 102Software Interface ........................................................ 102For More Information ................................................... 102CHAPTER 9, Customer Service and Warranty Information . 103Warranty and Product Support ................................... 103Ordering Spares ........................................................... 104Repair and Return ........................................................ 104Module Exchange ......................................................... 105Evaluation Fee .............................................................. 105Unrepairable Units ........................................................ 105Return Freight ............................................................... 106Return Material Authorization ..................................... 106Repair Telephone and Fax Numbers .......................... 107U.S.A. and Canada ................................................................ 107
Aurora 58007 • • • •••Repair Service Locations ............................................. 107U.S.A. .................................................................................... 107Canada .................................................................................. 107Customer Training ........................................................ 108Standard Product Warranty Terms ............................. 108Limitation of Damages ................................................. 110APPENDIX A, Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses 111T1/E1 Diplexers ............................................................. 1122T1/2E1 Diplexers ......................................................... 118APPENDIX B, Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 123Transmitter RF Test ...................................................... 123Transmit RF Spectrum (FCC Part 15.247) ............................ 123Receiver Tests .............................................................. 124Test Setup ............................................................................. 124Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................... 125Dispersive Fade Margin ......................................................... 126Test Conditions ............................................................... 126Direction A ....................................................................... 126Direction B ....................................................................... 128Dynamic Fading ..................................................................... 131Sweep Notch Depth Range ............................................. 131Sweep Notch Frequency ................................................. 131Flat Fading ...................................................................... 132Interference Performance ...................................................... 132Narrowband Interference ................................................ 133Wideband Interference .................................................... 134FCC Part 15, Compliance Processing Gain Performance Test 136Test Setup ....................................................................... 136Jamming Margin (J/S Ratio) (for BER 10-5) ................... 137Jitter Transfer Function .......................................................... 140
8 Contents• • • •••Environmental Performance ........................................ 140Temperature Performance .................................................... 140Direction B, Code: 2CF8 ................................................. 140Long-Term Error Performance ........................................ 140Power Consumption Measurement ............................ 140APPENDIX C, Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 141Transmitter RF Test ...................................................... 141Transmit RF Spectrum .......................................................... 141Receiver Tests .............................................................. 142Test Setup ............................................................................. 142Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................... 143Dispersive Fade Margin ......................................................... 143Test Conditions ............................................................... 143Direction A ....................................................................... 143Direction B ....................................................................... 146Dynamic Fading ..................................................................... 148Sweep Notch Depth Range ............................................. 148Sweep Notch Frequency ................................................. 148Flat Fading ...................................................................... 148Interference Performance ...................................................... 149Narrowband Interference ................................................ 149Wideband Interference .................................................... 150Jitter Performance ................................................................. 152Input Jitter Tolerance ...................................................... 152Output Jitter ..................................................................... 152Jitter Gain ........................................................................ 152Jitter Transfer Characteristic ........................................... 153Environmental Performance ........................................ 153Temperature Performance .................................................... 153Long-Term Error Performance ........................................ 153Power Consumption Measurement ............................ 154
Aurora 58009 • • • •••APPENDIX D, Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 155Transmitter RF Test ...................................................... 155Transmit RF Spectrum (FCC Part 15.247) ............................ 155Receiver Tests .............................................................. 156Test Setup ............................................................................. 156Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................... 157Dispersive Fade Margin ......................................................... 157Test Conditions ............................................................... 157Direction A ....................................................................... 158Direction B ....................................................................... 160Dynamic Fading ..................................................................... 162Sweep Notch Depth Range ............................................. 162Sweep Notch Frequency ................................................. 162Flat Fading ...................................................................... 162Interference Performance ...................................................... 163Narrowband Interference ................................................ 164Wideband Interference .................................................... 165FCC Part 15, Compliance Processing Gain Performance Test 166Test Setup ....................................................................... 166Jamming Margin (J/S Ratio) (for BER 10-5) ................... 167Jitter Transfer Function .......................................................... 170Environmental Performance ........................................ 171Temperature Performance .................................................... 171Direction B, Code: 05B8 .................................................. 171Long-Term Error Performance ........................................ 171Power Consumption Measurement ............................ 171APPENDIX E, Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 173Transmitter RF Test ...................................................... 173Transmit RF Spectrum .......................................................... 173Receiver Tests .............................................................. 174Test Setup ............................................................................. 174Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................... 174
10 Contents• • • •••Dispersive Fade Margin ......................................................... 175Test Conditions ............................................................... 175Direction A ....................................................................... 175Direction B ....................................................................... 178Dynamic Fading ..................................................................... 180Sweep Notch Depth Range ............................................. 180Sweep Notch Frequency ................................................. 180Flat Fading ...................................................................... 180Interference Performance ...................................................... 181Narrowband Interference ................................................ 182Wideband Interference .................................................... 183Jitter Performance ................................................................. 185Input Jitter Tolerance ...................................................... 185Output Jitter ..................................................................... 185Jitter Gain ........................................................................ 185Jitter Transfer Characteristic ........................................... 186Environmental Performance ........................................ 186Temperature Performance .................................................... 186Long-Term Error Performance ........................................ 186APPENDIX F, Forms ........................................................ 187Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Aurora 580011 • • • ••• • • • • • • List of FiguresFigure 2-1 Aurora 5800 front view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Figure 2-2 Aurora 5800 back view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Figure 2-3 DC connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Figure 2-4 RJ-48C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Figure 2-5 Alarm port, RS-232, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Figure 2-6 CIT port, RS-232, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Figure 2-7 DA-15, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Figure 2-8 RJ-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 2-9 Modem block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Figure 2-10 Modem, component side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Figure 2-11 Upconverter and Power Amplifier block diagram . 39Figure 2-12 Down Converter block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Figure 2-13 Aurora 5800 block diagram (DC operation shown) 41Figure 3-1 Aurora 5800 T1/E1 frequency plan . . . . . . . . . . . 44Figure 3-2 Aurora 5800 2T1/2E1 frequency plan . . . . . . . . . 44Figure 3-3 Point-to-point configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Figure 3-4 Repeater configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Figure 3-5 Roof mounting with building blockage . . . . . . . . . 52Figure 3-6 Tower mounting with no blockage . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Figure 4-1 Pulse mask for T1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
12 List of Figures• • • •••Figure 4-2 Input jitter tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Figure 4-3 Jitter transfer function tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Figure 4-4 Pulse shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Figure 4-5 Input jitter tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Figure 4-6 Jitter transfer function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Figure 5-1 Antenna height chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Figure 6-1 AURORA5800 main window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Figure 6-2 Connection Configuration dialog box . . . . . . . . . . 91Figure 6-3 Set Rx Frequency dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Figure 6-4 Set Rx Sequence dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Figure 6-5 Tx Power Settings dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Figure 6-6 Initialization dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Figure A-1 Filter with center frequency of 5.735 GHz . . . . . 112Figure A-2 Filter with center frequency of 5.755 GHz . . . . . 113Figure A-3 Filter with center frequency of 5.775 GHz . . . . . 114Figure A-4 Filter with center frequency of 5.8 GHz . . . . . . . 115Figure A-5 Filter with center frequency of 5.82 GHz . . . . . . 116Figure A-6 Filter with center frequency of 5.84 GHz . . . . . . 117Figure A-7 Filter with center frequency of 5.741 GHz . . . . . 118Figure A-8 Filter with center frequency of 5.772 GHz . . . . . 119Figure A-9 Filter with center frequency of 5.803 GHz . . . . . 120Figure A-10 Filter with center frequency of 5.834 GHz . . . . . 121Figure B-1 Transmit RF spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Figure B-2 Receiver test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Figure B-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 127Figure B-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A . . . . . . . . . 128Figure B-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 129Figure B-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 130
Aurora 580013 • • • •••Figure B-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Figure B-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Figure B-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 1F35) . . . . . . . 134Figure B-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 1F35, Direction B: 3F0C) . . . . . . . . 134Figure B-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Figure B-12 Processing gain test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Figure 0-1 Jitter transfer (DS1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Figure C-1 Transmit RF spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Figure C-2 Receiver test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Figure C-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 145Figure C-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A . . . . . . . . . 145Figure C-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 147Figure C-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 147Figure C-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Figure C-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Figure C-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8) . . . . . . . 150Figure C-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 0247) . . . . . . . . 151Figure C-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Figure D-1 Transmit RF spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Figure D-2 Receiver test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Figure D-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 159
14 List of Figures• • • •••Figure D-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 159Figure D-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B . . . . . . . . . . 161Figure D-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 161Figure D-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Figure D-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Figure D-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8) . . . . . . . 165Figure D-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 3F0C) . . . . . . . 165Figure D-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165Figure D-12 Processing gain test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Figure D-13 Jitter transfer (DS1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Figure E-1 Transmit RF spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Figure E-2 Receiver test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Figure E-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 177Figure E-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 177Figure E-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 179Figure E-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B . . . . . . . . . . 179Figure E-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Figure E-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Figure E-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8) . . . . . . . 183Figure E-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 0247) . . . . . . . . 183Figure E-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Aurora 580015 • • • ••• • • • • • • List of TablesTable 2-1 Aurora 5800 front panel information . . . . . . . . . . . 25Table 2-2 RJ-48C pinout specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Table 2-3 Alarm port pinout specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Table 2-4 CIT port pinout specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Table 2-6 RJ-11 pinout specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Table 2-8 SW1 and SW2 positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Table 2-9 SW1 and SW2 positions, options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Table 5-1 LDF4-50A cable parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Table 5-3 Examples of maximum free-space transmission distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Table 6-1 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Table B-1 Direction A, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Table B-2 Direction A, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Table B-3 Direction B, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Table B-4 Direction B, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Table B-5 Sweep notch depth range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Table B-6 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Table B-7 Jamming margin (J/S ratio) (for BER 10-5) for T1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
16 List of Tables• • • •••Table C-1 Receiver sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Table C-2 Direction A, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Table C-3 Direction A, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Table C-4 Direction B, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Table C-5 Direction B, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Table C-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Table C-7 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Table C-8 Test results, input jitter tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Table C-9 Test results, jitter transfer characteristic . . . . . . 153Table D-1 Receiver sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Table D-2 Direction A, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Table D-3 Direction A, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Table D-4 Direction B, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Table D-5 Direction B, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Table D-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Table D-7 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Table D-8 Jamming margin (J/S ratio) (for BER 10-5) for 2T1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Table E-1 Receiver sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Table E-2 Direction A, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Table E-3 Direction A, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Table E-4 Direction B, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Table E-5 Direction B, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Aurora 580017 • • • •••Table E-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Table E-7 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Table E-8 Test results, input jitter tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . 185Table E-9 Test results, jitter transfer characteristic . . . . . . 186
18 List of Tables• • • •••This page intentionally blank.
Aurora 580019 • • • •••• • • • • •Customer SupportRefer to Chapter 9 for detailed information on Customer Support.CaveatAurora 5800 contains no user-serviceable or replaceable parts. If the radio fails, return the entire unit to Harris.Repair and ReturnIf you require module repair service, call the Customer Service Center and first request a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. This request ensures that the repair will be done in a timely manner and prevents any delays caused by incomplete or missing information.Please provide the following information when you call (or fax):•Your name, company, and telephone number (fax number)•Part Number and Serial Number (see label on the back of the shelf)•Purchase Order Number•Billing and shipping addressesDo not attempt to change switch settings reserved for factory use (as indicated in the manual), or repair or replace internal components. To do so will invalidate the warranty.
20 Customer Support• • • ••••Any special return packing or shipping instructions•Any special customs clearance information requiredService Center LocationsThe Customer Service Center locations and telephone numbers:U.S.A.CanadaTelephone and Fax Numbers Harris Microwave Communications DivisionAttn: Customer Service, RMA #_ _ _ _ _5727 Farinon DriveSan Antonio, TX 78249Harris Microwave Communications DivisionAttn: Customer Service, RMA #_ _ _ _ _3, Hotel de VilleDollard-des-Ormeaux, QuebecCANADA H9B 3G4Tel: 1-800-227-8332 (U.S.A.)1-800-465-4654 (Canada)(+1) 514-421-8333Fax: (+1) 514-421-3555
Aurora 580021 • • • •••Technical SupportCustomer Resource CenterIf you are experiencing a traffic-affecting or traffic-threatening situation, technical assistance is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, including holidays. If you call the Customer Resource Center during nonbusiness hours, a Product Support Engineer will return your call within 30 minutes.Please provide the following information when you call.•Your name, company, and telephone number.•Equipment type, part number, and serial number (see label on back of shelf).•Detailed description of the problem.Business HoursNormal business hours for the Customer Resource Center:6:30 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. (Pacific Time)Monday through FridayTelephone NumbersTechnical support telephone numbers:U.S.A. only 1-800-227-8332(+1) 650-594-3800Canada 1-800-465-4654Fax NumberTechnical support fax number:U.S.A.(+1) 650-594-3621Canada (+1) 514-685-4580
22 Customer Support• • • •••InternetE-mail: crcusa@harris.comWorld Wide Web: http://www.microwave.harris.com/cserviceCustomer TrainingTelephone Number1-800-227-8332 (U.S.A.)1-800-465-4654 (Canada)Training CentersCanadaU.S.A.CaliforniaTexasHarris Microwave Communications Division 3, Hotel de VilleDollard-des-Ormeaux, QuebecCANADA H9B 3G4Harris Microwave Communications Division330 Twin Dolphin DriveRedwood Shores, CA 94065-1421Harris Microwave Communications Division5727 Farinon DriveSan Antonio, TX 78249
Aurora 580023 • • • ••• Chapter 1• • • • • • IntroductionAurora 5800 OverviewThe Aurora 5800 is a spread-spectrum, digital microwave radio that operates in the 5.725 to 5.85 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band. It provides wireless interconnection for private wireless access, Internet service access, LAN/WAN, cellular, and PCS/PCN systems. The Aurora radio offers deployment of standard T1 (DSX-1) or E1 (CEPT-1) and 2 × T1 or 2 × E1 wireless service with a typical distance from 1 to over 24 km (15 miles) (with 28-dBi, flat-panel antenna). It provides reliable, full-duplex, digital communication between two sites with line-of-sight clearance.This radio offers three frequency pairs at 1 × E1 (2.048 Mbit/s) and 1 × T1 (1.544 Mbit/s) or two frequency pairs at 2 × E1/T1 in the 5.8 GHz band. Additionally, the Aurora 5800 features a voice/data orderwire and a network management systems channel. The network management systems channel provides a SCAN channel to integrate into Harris’ FarScan element manager or an SNMP-based interface to integrate into an SNMP manager.There is a built-in Craft Interface Tool (CIT) user interface for local and remote radio monitoring and control.The Aurora uses Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) processing that reduces the transmitted power density and the potential for interference into neighboring communication systems.
24 Chapter 1 Introduction• • • •••The Aurora can be used in point-to-point and repeater configurations. In the repeater configuration, the radios serve as links between sites that are beyond each other’s range or whose paths are obstructed.This radio supports either indoor or outdoor environment. This is a compact lightweight radio that requires only one rack-mounting space for a rack or table-top placement in an indoor environment. This radio requires one open rack-mounting space (1 RMS) above and one below. For placement outdoors this radio can be installed in an outdoor cabinet.Aurora 5800 links operate license-exempt on a “no-interference, nonprotection” basis in the U.S.A. and in many countries and regions worldwide. In Canada, however, Aurora 5800 links share the existing 5.725 to 5.85 GHz “Super 2” point-to-point band and therefore may be subject to interference coordination and Industry Canada licensing procedures.Related PublicationsFarScan for Windows Instruction Manual
Aurora 580025 • • • ••• Chapter 2• • • • • • Product DescriptionPhysical DescriptionFront ViewFigure 2-1 Aurora 5800 front viewTable 2-1 Aurora 5800 front panel information23 4 5 6 7 89101112 13 14 15 161Call-out Label Description Additional Information1 ON/OFF Power switch2 T1/E1, TX, RX, #1 UTP/RJ-48C, E1/T1 interface Table 2-23 E1 #1 TX Coax/BNC E1 interface Use 75-ohm cables
26 Chapter 2 Product Description• • • •••4 E1 #1 RX Coax/BNC E1 interface Use 75-ohm cables5 T1/E1, TX, RX, #2 UTP/RJ-48C, E1/T1 interface Table 2-26 E1 #2 TX Coax/BNC E1 interface Use 75-ohm cables7 E1 #2 RX Coax/BNC E1 interface Use 75-ohm cables8 PWR Power indicator LED9 TX ALM Transmitter power alarm, red LED, active high10 RX ALM Receiver sync alarm, red LED, active high11 RSSI Receiver Signal Strength Indicator: yellow, 0 to 4.8 volts, corresponding to approximately receiver input level of Σ−90 to −10 dBm12 GND Ground test jack, black13 ALM PORT RS-232, 9-pin, DE-9 male, TX and RX alarms by dry contact relays Table 2-314 CIT RS-232, 9-pin, DE-9, female, craft interface tool port Table 2-415 DATA DA-15, female, asynchronous data port Table 2-516 PHONE 2-wire, RJ-11, voice orderwire port Table 2-6Call-out Label Description Additional Information
Aurora 580027 • • • •••Back ViewFigure 2-2 shows the Aurora radio’s back panel with an N-type antenna connector. The standard input power connector is an AC connector as shown in Figure 2-2. Optionally, if DC power is required, an input battery power connector block (Figure 2-3) replaces the AC power connector.Also, an example of a customer-service label is shown in Figure 2-2. This label contains information such as technical data and serial number.Figure 2-2 Aurora 5800 back viewDC ConnectorFigure 2-3 DC connectorCustomer service label N-type antenna connectorAC power connector
28 Chapter 2 Product Description• • • •••T1/E1 Line InterfaceT1/E1 Interface ConnectorAn RJ-45 connector is provided on the front panel of the radio for this line interface. The connection follows FCC Section 68.104(c) specified RJ-48C standard. The pinout specification is shown in Table 2-2.Figure 2-4 RJ-48CTable 2-2 RJ-48C pinout specificationUnbalanced E1 InterfaceA pair of BNC connectors are provided on the front panel of the radio for this line interface, one for transmit data and the other for receive data. Use 75-ohm coaxial cables for these connections.Pin Function1 RRING, DS-1/E1 input to the Aurora2 RTIP, DS-1/E1 input to the Aurora3, 6 Not used4 TRING, DS-1/E1 output from the Aurora5 TTIP, DS-1/E1 output from the Aurora7,8 GNDRRINGRTIPNCTRINGTTIPNCGNDGND13456782 PP
Aurora 580029 • • • •••Alarm PortDry relay contacts are provided for the TX power alarm and RX signal alarm. Interface to third-party element manager system is through these contacts.The specification for the relays are listed in Table 2-3.Figure 2-5 Alarm port, RS-232, maleTable 2-3 Alarm port pinout specificationPin Signal Function1 K1_P TX alarm relay COM2 K1_NO TX alarm relay NO (alarm close)3 No connection4 K2_P RX alarm relay COM5 K2_NO RX alarm relay NO (alarm close)6 K1_NC TX alarm relay NC (alarm open)7 No connection8 No connection9 K2_NC RX alarm relay NC (alarm open)1627384952
30 Chapter 2 Product Description• • • •••CIT PortFigure 2-6 CIT port, RS-232, femaleTable 2-4 CIT port pinout specificationDATA PortFigure 2-7 DA-15, femalePin Signal Function1 No connection2 TXD Transmit data, RS-2323 RXD Receive data, RS-2324 No connection5GND6 to 9 No connection1627384952814157613 12 1011543291
Aurora 580031 • • • •••Table 2-5 DA-15 pinout specificationPHONEFigure 2-8 RJ-11Table 2-6 RJ-11 pinout specificationPin Signal Function1 No connection2 RS232_TX Transmit data3 RS232_RX Receive data4 to 6 No connection7GND8 to 15 No connectionPin Signal Function1 No connection2 RING Receive from handset3 TIP Transmit from handset4 No connectionHarris recommends phones with electronic ringers.NOT USEDNCRINGTIPNCNOT USED2341P
32 Chapter 2 Product Description• • • •••Hardware AssembliesThe Aurora 5800 radio contains 7 hardware assemblies:•Modem•Upconverter•TX Power Amplifier•RX Low Noise Amplifier•Down Converter•Antenna Diplexer•Power SupplyCustomer-interface software is included for field-specific programming and diagnostics. This software utility is accessed through the CIT port.ModemThe Modem contains a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) baseband processing section, an I and Q modulator, an IF AGC amplifier with an I/Q demodulator, and a microcontroller section. Figure 2-9 shows the Modem block diagram.Transmit DirectionIn the transmit direction, incoming one-channel or two-channel T1/E1 standard data is converted into NRZ data by the T1/E1 line interface circuit. The line interface circuit also recovers the bit rate clock (1.544 MHz or 2.048 MHz) from the input tributary and then multiplexes it with the Master Clock (MCLK) of the DSSS processor.The voice orderwire samples the analog voice signal from the telephone handset and compresses it to 16 kb/s. It contains a RING generator that rings when the remote radio handset is OFFHOOK. When the handset is ONHOOK, the channel serves as a general-purpose, asynchronous, data-communications channel.
Aurora 580033 • • • •••Figure 2-9 Modem block diagramRx TipRx RingTx TipTx RingT1/E1LINE T1/E1LINEINTERFACEBASEBAND PROCESSORRxDATA1RxCLK1TxDATATxCLKTxDATA1TxCLK1RxDATARxCLKTxPORT DQPSKMOD SPREADDE-A/DA/DTIMINGGENERATOR TESTPORTSERIALRxPORT SPREADMASTERCLOCK0°90°I/Q MODULATORIF OUT140 MHzIF LEVELCONTROLLO0°90°I/Q DEMODULATORIF IN140 MHzSAW BPF140 MHzAGCDETRx SYNTHESIZER CONTROLTx SYNTHESIZER CONTROL TX_CITTxD RX_CITRxDCANCONTROLLERRS-232INTERFACERS-232TO/FROM PC÷2÷2DQPSKDEMOD CONTROLINTERFACEFPGAMUX/DEMUXRxDATA2RxCLK2RxCLK1TxDATA2TxCLK2280 MHzRx TipRx RingTx TipTx RingT1/E1LINE T1/E1LINEINTERFACETxRx DA-15INTERFACETipRing RJ-11INTERFACETO/FROMPHONE TO/FROM PC OR DATA TERMINAL
34 Chapter 2 Product Description• • • •••An asynchronous RS-232 (CIT) port provides a 19.2 kb/s communication link for local and remote radio configuration and monitoring.The DATA port serves as an asynchronous data service channel that provides a 4800 kb/s communication link.The T1/E1 tributary, the voice orderwire channel, and the RS-232 and the DA-15 data service channels are multiplexed to form an aggregate rate of 1.664 Mb/s, 2.176 Mb/s, 3.208 Mb/s, and 4.224 Mb/s for T1, E1, 2T1, and 2E1, respectively, which is then inputted into the baseband processor.The baseband processor performs scrambling, differential encoding, I and Q symbol generation, and spreading. For DQPSK operation, the input data is demultiplexed to become I and Q output symbols, and spread by a PN code. The PN code is user-programmable: 15 chips for T1 rate data, and 11 chips for E1, 2T1, and 2E1 rate data. Hence, the chip rate (fchip) is 12.48 Mcps for T1 rate, 11.968 Mcps for E1 rate, 17.644 Mcps for 2T1 rate, and 23.232 Mcps for 2E1 rate.The I and Q outputs from the baseband processor are input to the I/Q modulator. The I and Q signals then modulate an IF carrier signal to generate a 140-MHz IF DQPSK signal.Receive DirectionThe received 140-MHz IF signal is first passed through a SAW bandpass filter, then inputted to the I/Q demodulator. The IF signal is then demodulated into I and Q signals. The demodulator, together with a front-end AGC amplifier, provides a total of 70 dB of AGC. The demodulated I and Q baseband signals are then outputted to the baseband processor.The baseband processor contains two 3-bit A/Ds, carrier and symbol synchronization and tracking, despreading, differential decoding, and descrambling. The quantized I and Q signals pass to a pair of 16-tap matched filters for calculating the signal correlation with the PN sequence. The output goes through a carrier phase rotation and acquisition process. The baseband processor also includes a frequency loop that tracks and removes the carrier frequency offset.
Aurora 580035 • • • •••The PN correlator uses two samples per chip and despreads the chip rate back to the original data rate. This process provides 10.4 dB of processing gain for 11 chips per bit or 11.76 dB for 15 chips per bit. The correlator output pulse is further tracked by a symbol timing loop performing bit synchronization. The frequency and phase of the signal are corrected from an NCO that is driven by the phase-locked loop (PLL).Demodulation of the signal in the early stages of acquisition is done by delay and subtraction of the phase samples. Once PLL tracking of the carrier is established, the PLL switches to a narrower loop, which achieves a better BER performance margin during the rest of demodulation. The demodulated signal is further differentially decoded and descrambled, then demultiplexed to recover the T1/E1, 2T1/2E1 tributary, the data service channel, and the voice orderwire.The radio uses a CAN microcontroller to provide system configuration, including baseband processor, ADPCM codec, RF transmit and receive frequency synthesizer initialization, control, and monitoring. The system default configuration is initially built-in. The customer can use the Microsoft Windows-based Aurora 5800 software to reconfigure the baseband processor, and the transmit and receive synthesizers by using the radio’s RS-232 interface. The new configuration can be downloaded into the radio and stored in the controller EEPROM.
36 Chapter 2 Product Description• • • •••Jumper SettingsFigure 2-10 Modem, component sideSW2SW1JP3JP4JP12JP15JP2JP1JP5JP10JP16JP11JP14JP18JP20JP17JP19JP6JP8JP13JP9JP72T1/2E1 RADIO MODEMNMK LGHI JE FC DA BDo not change any of the settings marked “factory use only” in the following table. Doing so may invalidate the warranty.
Aurora 580037 • • • •••Table 2-7 Jumper settingsNA = Not applicable.Jumper T1 Rate E1 Rate120 ohms E1 Rate75 ohms 2T1 Rate 2E1 Rate120 ohms 2E1 Rate75 ohmsJP1, JP2 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ONJP3, JP4, JP5 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ONJP6 to JP9 ON (normal operation); OFF (factory use only)JP10 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ONJP11, JP12 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ONJP13 ON (normal operation); OFF (factory use only)JP14 E (normal operation); F (CAN controller in-circuit programming)JP15 A A B A A BJP16 NA NA NA C C DJP17 G (normal operation); H (CAN controller in-circuit programming)JP18 I (normal operation); J (factory use only)JP19 K (normal operation); L (CAN controller in-circuit programming)JP20 M (normal operation); N (CAN controller in-circuit programming)
38 Chapter 2 Product Description• • • •••DIP Switch SettingsTable 2-8 SW1 and SW2 positionsClose = ON; Open = OFFTable 2-9 SW1 and SW2 positions, optionsClose = ON; Open = OFFPosition AMI Encoder B8ZS Encoder HDB3 Encoder Comment1 OFF ON ON2 ON (default setting) OFF (factory use only)3 OFF ON ON4 ON (default setting) OFF (factory use only)5 ON (default setting) OFF (factory use only)6See Table 2-9.ON7ON8ONPosition Option Selected Application678ON OFF OFF 0 to 133 feetT1OFF ON ON 133 to 266 feetOFF ON OFF 266 to 399 feetOFF OFF ON 399 to 533 feetOFF OFF OFF 533 to 655 feetON ON ON 75 ohm (with JP1 and JP2 OFF)120 ohm E1ON ON OFF AT&T CB113 RepeaterON OFF ON FCC Part 68, Option A Network interfaceON OFF OFF
Aurora 580039 • • • •••Upconverter and Power AmplifierThe Upconverter receives the 140-MHz IF signal from the modem. The signal passes into the variable gain amplifier (VGA) section that provides about 10 dB AGC range. The IF signal is then mixed with the LO signal that is generated from the transmit synthesizer. The RF bandpass filter section at the output is centered at f0 5.7875 GHz with passband BW of 125-MHz and a minimum rejection ratio of 40 dBc at f0 + 232.5 MHz.The filtered upper sideband RF signal then passes into the RF intermediate power amplifier (PA) to generate a linear power up to about 0 dBm level. The ALC function keeps the transmit PA at a constant output power level for all the operating temperature range. The PA provides about 23 dB gain and generates up to about +23 dBm maximum output level.Figure 2-11 Upconverter and Power Amplifier block diagramDown Converter and Low-Noise AmplifierThe incoming RF signal from the Antenna Coupling Unit (ACU) is amplified by a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) and then passes into the Down Converter (Figure 2-12). The signal is amplified and then mixed with the LO signal to down-convert it to a 140-MHz IF signal.UPCONVERTERFROM MODEMALC OUTTCXO140 MHz IFFROMMODEM½ DIPLEXERFREQUENCYSYNTHESIZERTX SYNTHESIZER CONTROLTOANTENNAPWR AMPLTO RX RF/IF MODULEFigure 2-12FROMCANCONTROLLERVCO
40 Chapter 2 Product Description• • • •••Figure 2-12 Down Converter block diagramNominal FrequenciesThe nominal frequencies of the Upconverter and Down Converter LO synthesizers are initially set at the factory. The LO frequencies can be reprogrammed in the field by using the Aurora 5800 utility software.Antenna DiplexerThe antenna diplexer consists of two cavity-type filters. The transmit-section insertion loss and the receive-section insertion loss are both less than 3 dB. The return loss is typically better than 16 dB. The diplexer provides more than 80-dB isolation between the transmit and receive sections. This isolation prevents the receiver LNA from being overloaded by transmitter power leakage.Aurora 5800 Block DiagramFigure 2-13 is a block diagram of the Aurora 5800 radio.FROMCANCONTROLLERTCXOFREQUENCYSYNTHESIZERVCORX SYNTHESIZER CONTROLLNA DOWN CONVERTERAGC CONTROLFROM MODEMTO RX RF/IF MODULE½ DIPLEXERFROM Figure 2-11140 MHz IFTO RADIOMODEM
Aurora 580041 • • • •••Figure 2-13 Aurora 5800 block diagram (DC operation shown)PowerSupplyDC/DC6P2P3LNAP4P11/2 Up/Down Converter1/2 T1 ModemDiplexerPower Amplifier1/2 Up/Down Converter
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Aurora 580043 • • • ••• Chapter 3• • • • • • System DescriptionFrequency PlansCoexistence with Other Radio LinksThe Aurora can coexist with other similar radio links in the vicinity. Operation with other links can be achieved through the use of different spreading codes, frequencies, “building blockage”, and antenna pattern and polarization separation. In congested urban areas, Harris recommends the use of a larger, more directional antenna; the narrower beam width allows less interference into the receiving Aurora and lowers interference levels into other radios in the vicinity.Aurora Frequency PlanThe Aurora has one standard frequency plan available. Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 illustrate this plan. The “A” frequency pair uses the first and third frequencies shown. One site transmits on A1 and receives on A2. The site at the opposite end of the link transmits on A2 and receives on A1. The “B” frequency pair uses the second and fourth frequencies shown in the illustration. One of the two pairs may work better than the other in a particular area based on the nature of the interference.
44 Chapter 3 System Description• • • •••Figure 3-1 Aurora 5800 T1/E1 frequency planFigure 3-2 Aurora 5800 2T1/2E1 frequency planSpread Sequence Pseudo-random Number (PN) SelectionThe Aurora radio can be configured with different spread sequence codes. The use of different codes on nearby Aurora 5800 co-channel links ensures interlink privacy. However, the assignment of different codes to adjacent or nearby links does not lower interference levels. Co-channel interference may degrade receiver thresholds and thus reducing fade margins, which increases multipath outages in Aurora links, but usually not beyond the link’s outage objective.The Aurora 5800 has four preset PN spread sequence codes. Every unit shipped to a customer contains a default code.A1 B1 A2 B25725“A” Frequency Pair “B” Frequency PairC1 C2MHz5735 5755 5775 5800 5820 5840 5850“C” Frequency PairA1 B1 A2 B25725“A” Frequency Pair “B” Frequency PairMHz5741 5772 5803 5834 5850
Aurora 580045 • • • •••Aurora 5800 Radio ConfigurationsPoint-to-Point ConfigurationIn a point-to-point configuration, two radios communicate only with each other. Either or both of the radios may be mobile, as long as they remain within each other’s range. Figure 3-3 shows a typical point-to-point radio setup.Figure 3-3 Point-to-point configurationAurora 5800Digital Radio Aurora 5800Digital RadioRF PathDirectionalantenna DirectionalantennaUser EquipmentT1/E1 MultiplexerPBX ComputerUser EquipmentT1/E1 MultiplexerPBXComputerComputerVideoconferenceDirectionalT1/E1 access VideoconferenceComputerT1/E1 access Antenna coax cableAntenna coaxcable
46 Chapter 3 System Description• • • •••Repeater ConfigurationA repeater extends the maximum communication range beyond that of a single hop. In this configuration, two additional radios are installed between the terminal radios in the hop. Each of these intermediate radios faces one of the terminal radios in the hop. A transmission from one end of the hop is received by the repeater radio facing it, is passed on to the other radio in the repeater, and then relayed to the far-end radio. Figure 3-4 illustrates this configuration.Besides Aurora 5800 “active repeaters”, other 5.8 GHz repeater options are available, including “passive reflectors” and “beam benders” (back-to-back antennas) if one RF path is very short, and solar-powered “RF” repeaters.
Aurora 580047 • • • •••Figure 3-4 Repeater configurationAurora 5800Digital Radio Aurora 5800Digital RadioRF Pathantenna DirectionalantennaUser EquipmentT1/E1 MultiplexerPBX ComputerUser EquipmentT1/E1 MultiplexerPBXComputerComputerVideoconferenceDirectionalT1/E1 access VideoconferenceComputerT1/E1 access Aurora 5800RepeaterRF PathAntenna coax cable Antenna coaxcableFor repeater configurations, make sure there is enough frequency separation on the two transmitting channels. Use different antenna directions, polarization, or channel frequencies to achieve this separation.
48 Chapter 3 System Description• • • •••Multihop and Hubbing ArrangementsNetwork PlanningThree transmit/receive frequency pairs are available to single T1/E1 links, and two pairs are assigned to 2T1/2E2 links for hubbing and multihopping Aurora 5800 radio links in the 5735 to 5850 MHz ISM band (see Figure 3-1).T1/E1, 20-MHz bandwidth, go/return RF channels:•Pair A: 5735/5800 MHz•Pair B: 5755/5820 MHz•Pair C: 5775/5840 MHz2T1/2E1, 31-MHz bandwidth, go/return RF channels:•Pair A: 5741/5803 MHz•Pair B: 5772/5834 MHzAny of these duplex RF channels may be assigned a new Aurora 5800 link, taking into consideration possible interference to and from other links in the area that has been assigned the same channels.Each spread-spectrum radio in the area has a discrete PN spread sequence code assigned by user selection, as explained on page 44. While the use of different PN codes does mitigate the effect of external interference on the victim radio’s thresholds and fade margins by a minimal amount, perhaps by only a dB or two, it does ensure that only wanted data is demultiplexed on a link.Interference into a digital receiver is acceptable as long as it does not degrade its threshold (fade margin) for increased outage or degraded errored-second performance beyond the user’s performance objectives. Many shorter Aurora 5800 links may be so deployed with very low (< 20 dB) fade margins, permitting very high levels of co-channel interference that would otherwise be unacceptable on longer fading hops.
Aurora 580049 • • • •••The planning of a complex network of Aurora 5800 links may include the following:•The selection and placement of antennas on towers, rooftops, and building walls•RF channel and polarization assignments•Aurora 5800 power output adjustments and PN spread sequence code selections•The calculation of acceptable levels of interference, accommodating the link’s fade characteristics and performance objectivesWith careful planning, even the most complex Aurora 5800 networks and systems may be commissioned in most areas.Parallel-Path Arrangement for Higher Capacity or ProtectionTwo Aurora 5800 radios that are assigned the same frequency pair may be paralleled on a single path either with dual-polarized antennas or separate cross-polarized antennas positioned at similar heights. With these separate antennas at the same elevation, paralleled paths fade together, ensuring that the > 9 dB carrier-to-interference (C/I) ratio objective for error-free data transmission is maintained at all times.A single-polarized antenna may also be assigned to provide either a protection channel (through a T1 switch) or to double the link capacity. The requirement is, however, that the radios be assigned different RF channel pairs and that 3-dB hybrid couplers combine these radios to a common antenna feed system. This additional 6-dB path loss is acceptable in meeting the user’s performance objectives on most shorter paths.Multihop Networking Arrangement through RepeatersLonger Aurora 5800 paths of hops connected in tandem fade independently, that is, a victim path could fade to its threshold (outage) point while the co-channel interference from another path is high.
50 Chapter 3 System Description• • • •••The two interference mechanisms are:•Receive backside reception from and transmit backside radiation to an adjacent link•Overshoot from a path two hops awayBackside interference is eliminated by the assignment of different RF channels on adjacent hops out of a repeater by a “four-frequency” plan (two duplex channels).Interlink overshoot interference is mitigated by cross-polarizing every other hop, H-H-V-V-H and so forth, on tandem systems; and/or by ensuring that the links are not deployed in a straight line, that is, path azimuths are staggered by at least 3 to 5 degrees for adequate antenna discrimination to overshoot interference.Hubbing (Star) Networking Arrangement Out of a NodeAurora 5800 spur links out of a node or repeater site provide point-to-point T1/E1 connectivity to multiple sites in an area. With the limited number of two or three RF channel pairs available to a user, co-channel interference out of a nodal site must be taken into consideration so that link performance beyond the user’s objectives will not be degraded.Interference into other links out of a hub site is mitigated by the following examples:•Use of different RF duplex channels•Cross-polarization between links•(Usually larger or shrouded) antennas with higher discriminations•Reduced power outputs on short paths•Blockage with antennas positioned on the opposite sides of buildings or elevator penthouses•PN code selection to prevent intelligible crosstalk•Changing some links to Aurora 2400 (in the 2.4 GHz band)
Aurora 580051 • • • •••Wanted and Unwanted Signal Path Antennas at a Hub SiteAt the Same Elevation (correlated path fading)With antennas assigned to the wanted and interfering (co-channel) interference paths at the same elevation, C and I tend to fade together. This tendency lowers the C/I objective to about 9 dB, similar to the parallel-path example on page 49. It is necessary only to cross-polarize the interference and wanted paths for > 20-dB isolation to meet this objective easily.At Different Elevations (independent path fading)At hub sites with independently fading wanted and interfering signals, C/I = the interfering transmission signal’s antenna discrimination to the victim path’s azimuth.Interference does not affect the performance of an Aurora 5800 link if the following C/I ratio is not exceeded.C/I = Fade Margin + T/I = Required Tx Antenna Discrimination, dBwhere•Fade Margin is the victim radio link’s fade margin necessary to meet its outage objectives, typically 15 to 35 dB.•T/I is the victim receiver’s threshold-to-interference ratio. For the Aurora 5800 (Figure E-10):15 dB, co-channel−15 dB, adjacent channelTherefore, if a longer Aurora 5800 link is assigned antennas to provide a 35-dB fade margin (−55 dBm median RSL) to meet its outage objective (see Chapter 5), the C/I ratio at the victim receiver should not exceed about 35 + 15 = 50 dB (−105 dBm interference level).
52 Chapter 3 System Description• • • •••In this case, a standard 4-foot parabolic antenna with > 100/135 degree discrimination angle for co- and cross-polarized paths respectively (or a 6-foot antenna with 30/90 degree discrimination angles) to the interfering radio at the hub site would be suitable.If a shorter Aurora 5800 link’s outage objective is met with only 20-dB fade margin, and the computed free-space RSL is the same (-55 dBm), a lower 20 + 15 = 35 dB C/I is acceptable (−75 dBm interference level). Then, Aurora 5800 radio’s standard 2-foot square antenna, cross-polarized to the victim link, is suitable.Hubbing ExamplesHubbing arrangements are categorized as blocking and nonblocking.Blocking ArrangementTo introduce blockage, Aurora 5800 radio’s antennas are positioned on the opposite sides of the building roofs, water tanks, microwave shelters, and so forth, thus greatly reducing interfering signal coupling between links. See Figure 3-5.Figure 3-5 Roof mounting with building blockage10oTShort path(1T1/E1)45oTLong path2T1/E1)95oTLong path(2T1/E1)165oTShort path(1T1/E1)275oTLong path(2T1/E1) ElevatorPenthouseBuilding Roof195oTShort path(1T1/E1)ABCDEF
Aurora 580053 • • • •••Channel Assignments for the Long 2T1/E1 PathsAntenna A is placed on the opposite side of the elevator penthouse hut from antennas B and C on the building roof. The blockage provided by the hut reduces the interference level > 20 dB between path A to the west, and paths B and C to the east, permitting the co-channel assignment of A to B or C even on co-polarized paths with small antennas.Exposed interference paths are shown–path B to/from path C, for example. With only a single antenna discrimination and no interference blockage, paths B and C are assigned adjacent channels with cross-polarization.Paths E and F are short with low fade activity; so higher interference levels with smaller antennas are permitted.As previously discussed, the required antenna discrimination is computed from C/I = Required Fade Margin + T/I.In the long A, B, and C paths, the required fade margin necessary to meet the performance objectives might be 35 dB. For a co-channel operation, the T/I is 15 dB, requiring 50 dB of antenna discrimination. 4 ft (1.2 m) antennas cross-polarized between paths B and C provide this necessary discrimination with a path azimuth differences > 20o. All three paths are thus assigned the same RF channel with B cross-polarized to A and C.Channel Assignments for the Short 1T1/E1 PathsAssignments to these shorter paths are to the channels adjacent to the long paths to reduce the interference level by > 30 dB. The short paths may be assigned 2 ft (0.6 m) dishes, with paths E and F cross-polarized. These smaller cross-polarized antennas provide about 43 dB discrimination between paths E and F, which meets the 25 + 15 = 40 dB C/I objective (25 dB required fade margin and 15 dB co-channel T/I).The Aurora 5800 transmitter power outputs on the short paths E and F may be reduced to lower the interference levels. This process reduces fade margins while still meeting the performance objectives on these short paths.
54 Chapter 3 System Description• • • •••Figure 3-6 shows a hubbing example at sites with no interlink blockage, as often occurs with tower-mounted antennas. In this arrangement, channel assignments made to a large number of links at a common hubbing site may take into account additional cases of acceptable levels of threshold (fade margin) degradation.Figure 3-6 Tower mounting with no blockageChannel assignments are first made to the longer, fading paths. With no blockage, larger antennas provide higher discriminations between the longer paths. A and D are co-channel cross-polarized; C and D are assigned an adjacent channel cross-polarized, with perhaps > 5 dB of allowable threshold degradation taken on these short nonfading hops.Of course, in very difficult cases (many long fading hops out of a hubbing site, for example), HP antennas with shrouds providing > 20 dB additional discrimination may be assigned.ConclusionThese hubbing examples are but a few of the many hubbing acceptable arrangements for Aurora 5800 links. Nearly any number of Aurora 5800 links can be hubbed at a single site, with RF channel assignments, path polarizations, antenna sizes and types, Aurora 5800 power output adjustments, acceptable fade margin degradation to short nonfading hops, and PN code selection all carefully considered to meet the network’s performance objectives.165oTShort path(1T1/E1)275oTLong path(2T1/E1) 195oTShort path(1T1/E1)45oTLong path1T1/E1)ABCD
Aurora 580055 • • • •••Harris MCD ServiceHarris Microwave Communications Division can provide rapid assistance in the optimum selection of antenna feed systems that meet regulatory and performance objectives for any specific Aurora 5800 single link, paralleled link, multihop, or hubbing application necessary to meet the user’s networking arrangement and performance objectives.
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Aurora 580057 • • • ••• Chapter 4• • • • • • Technical SpecificationsFeatures•5.725 to 5.85 GHz ISM bands•Point-to-point, line of sight up to 15 miles (24 km) (standard 28-dBi, flat-panel antenna)•Full frequency duplex operation•Standard T1 (DSX-1) or E1 (CEPT-1), and 2 × T1 or 2 × E1 interfaces•Typical RF power, +19 dBm•Direct sequence spread spectrum coding and DQPSK modulation•−88 dBm (T1/E1) and −86 dBm (2 × T1/2 × E1) typical receiver threshold at BER = 10-6•Synthesized transmitter and receiver frequencies•Three frequency-channel plans for T1/E1 and two frequency-channel plans for 2T1/2E1•Digital voice orderwire and data wayside traffic•Craft Interface Tool (CIT) interface for local and remote radio monitoring and control•Supports repeater configuration•SNMP network management with external proxy agent
58 Chapter 4 Technical Specifications• • • •••Performance (One Hop)System Gain (at BER = 10-6)Frequency Plan (Standard)Acquisition Time< 50 msTransmission DelayCarrier Designator ValueT1/E1 107 dB2 × T1/2 × E1 105 dB, typicalCarrier Designator Frequency Pair Band(GHz)T1/E1A 5.735 5.800B 5.755 5.820C 5.775 5.8402T1/2E1 A 5.741 5.803B 5.772 5.834Path Time(µs, max.)Radio only 5010 mi/16 km 10020 mi/32 km 150
Aurora 580059 • • • •••Dispersive Fade MarginBetter than 60 dB at BER = 1 × 10-3MTBF430,000 hoursTransmitterSpecificationsPN Code and Chip RateBarker or Modified Barker Codes:Characteristic ValueOutput power +19 dBm, typical at antenna port (+10 dBm min.)Power density < +8 dBm/3 kHzSpurious/Harmonics < − 60 dBcFrequency range 5.725 to 5.85 GHzFrequency stability Within ± 20 kHzFrequency selection Synthesizer default value stored in MCU, and software-selectableIncrements 500 kHzIF frequency 140 MHzModulation Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, DQPSKData Rate Chip RateT1 (Aggr. 1.664 Mb/s) 15 chips/bit, 12.48 Mcp/sE1 (Aggr. 2.176 Mb/s) 11 chips/bit, 11.968 Mcp/s2T1 (Aggr. 3.208 Mb/s) 11 chips/bit, 17.644 Mcp/s
60 Chapter 4 Technical Specifications• • • •••ReceiverSpecificationsReceiver LevelReceiver Level at 10-6 BERCharacteristic ValueNoise figure 8 dB max. at antenna portImage rejection 80 dB minimumAGC range 70 dBFrequency selection Synthesizer default value stored in MCU, and software-selectableIncrements 500 kHzIF frequency 140 MHzProcessing gain≥ 10 dBDemodulation Noncoherent (matched filtering correlation)Carrier acquisition range Better than ± 100 kHzCarrier tracking range Better than ± 150 kHzClock acquisition range Better than ± 100 PPM− 40 dBm nominal−20 dBm max., no performance degradation−10 dBm max., no damageThreshold T1/E1 2T1/2E1Maximum−89 dBm−87 dBmTypical−90 dBm−88 dBm
Aurora 580061 • • • •••Antenna/DiplexerSpecificationsFrequency SpacingC-BandCharacteristic ValueAntenna (optional) 28-dBi gain, flat-panel antennaMechanics External antenna, internal ACUAntenna port N-type female connectorImpedance 50 ohmsReturn loss≥ 18 dBACU RF filter type Cavity diplexer with internal temperature compensationCarrier Designator ValueT1/E1 65 MHz T-R2T1/2E1 62 MHz T-R
62 Chapter 4 Technical Specifications• • • •••Digital Data InterfaceData Capacity•1 × T1 or •1 × E1 or •2 × T1 or •2 × E1T1 SpecificationsPulse ShapeCharacteristic SpecificationsDigital interface DSX-1, meets ITU-T G.703, G.824, AT&T Pub 62411, Bellcore GR-499-COREConnector RJ-48C, balanced, 100 ohmsLine code B8ZS or AMI (DIP switch selectable)Continuity Input T1 signal, 1.544 Mb/s ± 130 PPMPattern should be pseudorandom ≥ 215 −1Requirement: error-free performanceMinimum input level− 6 dB below nominal (0 dB = 2.4 Vp)Meets ITU-T G.703 mask as shown in Figure 4-1.Pattern should be pseudorandom ≥ 215 −1Requirement: error-free performance
Aurora 580063 • • • •••Figure 4-1 Pulse mask for T1JitterOutput JitterAccording to ITU-T G.824, the peak-to-peak limit is as follows:B1 5.0 UI BPF cutoff: lower 10 Hz and high 40 kHzB2 0.1 UI BPF cutoff: lower 8 Hz and high 40 kHz03.01.50. 70. 750 ns 50 ns0.31. 2-3T/1 -T/4 0 T/4 3T/8 T/2T/8VTIME CCITT-3249 2
64 Chapter 4 Technical Specifications• • • •••Input Jitter ToleranceFigure 4-2 Input jitter toleranceJitter Transfer Function ToleranceFigure 4-3 Jitter transfer function toleranceJITTERAMPLITUDE(UIpp)50.1500 8 K JITTERFREQUENCY (Hz)− 54
Aurora 580065 • • • •••E1 SpecificationsPulse ShapeMeets ITU-T G.703 mask as shown in Figure 4-4.Figure 4-4 Pulse shapeCharacteristic SpecificationsDigital interface CEPT-1, meets ITU-T G.703, G.823Connector BNC, unbalanced, 75 ohms, orRJ-48C, balanced, 120 ohmsLine code HDB3 or AMI (DIP switch selectable)Continuity Input E1 signal 2.048 Mb/s ± 50 PPMPattern should be pseudorandom > 215-1Requirement: error-free performanceMinimum input level−12 dB below nominal (0dB = 2.4 Vp)269 ns(244+25)194ns(244-50)244ns219ns(244 -25)488 ns(244 + 244)V =100%50%0%Nominal pulse20%10%10% 10%10%10%10%20%20%
66 Chapter 4 Technical Specifications• • • •••JitterOutput JitterAccording to ITU-T G.823, the peak-to-peak limit is as follows:Input Jitter ToleranceFigure 4-5 Input jitter toleranceB1 1.5 UI BPF cutoff: lower 20 Hz and high 20 kHzB2 0.05 UI BPF cutoff: lower 18 kHz and high 100 kHz
Aurora 580067 • • • •••Jitter Transfer FunctionFigure 4-6 Jitter transfer functionJITTERTRANSFER(dB)0.50-19.51.4 K 11.4 K JITTERFREQUENCY (Hz)
68 Chapter 4 Technical Specifications• • • •••Ports, Indicators, Test Points, and AlarmsPortsProgrammabilityDefault system factory-configuredSoftware-programmable with a PC through RS-232 CIT portFront-Panel LED IndicatorsFront-Panel Test JacksPort SpecificationsALARM TX and RX alarms by dry contact relays, DE-9, maleDATA DA-15, asynchronous, femalePHONE Voice orderwire, 2-wire, RJ-11PHONE Voice orderwire, 2-wire, RJ-11Label Color IndicationPWR Green Power is onTX ALM Red, active high Transmitter power alarmRX ALM Red, active high Receiver sync alarmLabel TestRSSI Receiver Signal Strength Indicator: yellow, 0 to 4.8 volts, corresponding to approximately receive input level of −90 to −20 dBmGND Ground, black
Aurora 580069 • • • •••Built-in Diagnostics (through RS-232)•SIGNAL LOSS•AIS•RX synthesizer lock alarm•TX synthesizer lock alarmPower SpecificationsEnvironmental SpecificationsCharacteristic ValueInput Voltage AC supply: Universal AC 100 to 250 VDC supply: ± 21 to 60 VOutput Voltage +5 V, 3 A, maximum+12 V, 2 A, maximum−5 V, 0.3 A, maximumPower Consumption 30 watts, maximumFuse Built in with the power supplyCharacteristic ValueOperational Temperature 0 to +50°C32 to 122°FStorage Temperature− 40 to +70°C− 40 to 158°FHumidity 95% noncondensingAltitude (above sea level) 4,572 meters 15,000 feet
70 Chapter 4 Technical Specifications• • • •••Mechanical SpecificationsThe Aurora 5800 radio requires one rack-mounting space (RMS) for a rack, plus one open RMS above and one open RMS below, or table-top placement in an indoor environment. For placement outdoors this radio can be installed in an outdoor cabinet.Characteristic ValueHeight 1.75 inches 45 mmWidth 17 inches 432 mmDepth (including the connectors) 11.8 inches 300 mmWeight 7.7 lb 3.5 kg
Aurora 580071 • • • ••• Chapter 5• • • • • • Installation PlanningGeneralSpread-spectrum, point-to-point radio relay links like Aurora’s are allowed by various regulatory agencies to operate unlicensed on a “no-interference, nonprotection basis”. Because of the unlicensed nature, the Aurora radios require neither licensing nor prior frequency coordination in most regions, including the U.S.A.CaveatThe Aurora installation software with its adjustable power feature is for professional installer use only, as mandated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC, Part 15).Harris Corporation does not assume any liability or damage arising out of the application or misuse of this Aurora radio product and its software.InterferenceWhile it is expected that many Aurora 5800 links will be deployed in urban areas that are (or will be) frequency-congested, the robust nature of the digital modulation and spread spectrum technology should mitigate any noticeable customer traffic degradation caused by interference.
72 Chapter 5 Installation Planning• • • •••However, good engineering judgment should be exercised by the operator and professional installer before selecting paths or locations near equipment or facilities that could generate interfering signals. Such equipment might include high-power ISM devices. Additionally, precaution should be taken when links are deployed in a region where a large number of other 5.8-GHz, point-to-point or point-to-multipoint links are installed. In some interference cases, threshold degradation causing an increase in short-term multipath outage or a slightly degraded Residual Bit Error Ratio (RBER) may occur, either or both of which can probably be tolerated.As a general rule, the deployment of a larger antenna with a smaller beam width and higher front-to-back ratio, an antenna relocation for better interference shielding, or a polarization change are often very effective in mitigating most interference cases. These subjects are discussed in a later section. Such field changes, to mitigate interference and to otherwise improve Aurora 5800 link performance, require no prior regulatory approval in unlicensed links.Performance and Economic ConsiderationsAurora 5800 microwave transport offers significant technical and economic advantages over conventional copper- or fiber-based leased or owned transport alternatives when availability, cost-effectiveness, implementation time, security, and difficult terrain or access are significant network design considerations.Ref. [1] describes how the economic and technical challenges of creating a new telecommunications infrastructure are met more effectively with point-to-point radio links than with traditional wireline-based solutions.When Aurora 5800 digital transport facilities are compared to conventional leased-line services, the following four factors are taken into consideration:•Transmission quality and reliability•Circuit availability•Short-haul costs•Construction time
Aurora 580073 • • • •••The infrastructure of most telephone networks has inherent regulatory or technical characteristics that limit its ability to meet microwave’s superior transmission quality, reliability, and other performance and availability characteristics.It is not unusual for the telephone company’s “local loop” subscriber facility to have an RBER of 100 times, or more, worse than microwave links along with a long-term outage (unavailability) measured in hours per year. Simple and highly reliable Aurora 5800 microwave links can provide customers with superior service.Microwave’s short-term reliability standards, in excess of 99.995% to 99.999% (a few minutes outage per year), are often significantly better than those associated with typical leased copper services.
74 Chapter 5 Installation Planning• • • •••Antenna InstallationInstructions for antenna installation usually are part of the antenna kit. Follow these instructions for good and effective antenna installation.Radio performance is affected by all aspects of antenna installation, including:•Antenna type•Line-of-sight path fade characteristics•Antenna orientation•Antenna placement•Distance between antennas•Distance between the radio and its antennaRF output power is set by Harris or authorized distributor. Do not change antennas, cable length, or type. To do so may violate regulatory rules.If changes are necessary, contact Harris Customer Service or your authorized distributor.To prevent equipment damage and shock hazard caused by lightning, antenna installation and the grounding system must comply with NEC or IEC standards, and local regulatory requirements.Harris does not provide grounding kits.
Aurora 580075 • • • •••Antenna SelectionNeither antenna power input nor EIRP constraints in North America (and most other regions that allocate this band for unlicensed point-to-point, radio-relay applications) limit the gain (size) of 5.8 GHz antennas.Although the 28-dBi flat-panel antenna is standard with the Aurora 5800, any other antenna may be used. Most Aurora 5800 applications deploy nonpressurized antennas with N-type fittings for connection to foam coaxial feeders, however.Antenna Selection CriteriaAll antenna designs address two concerns: directivity and gain. A third criterion in selecting an antenna is polarization.DirectivityA highly focused directional antenna should be used for maximum sensitivity and power. This type of antenna also rejects signals not coming from the desired direction and provides a desirable increase in signal-to-noise performance.GainAntenna performance is measured in “dBi” where “i” stands for “isotropic,” which describes the standard spherical radiation pattern. If the semiparabolic directional antenna has a gain of 24 dBi, it represents power and sensitivity levels that are over 200 times greater than those of a 0-dBi This device emits non-ionizing radiation. To meet RF safety requirements, steps must be taken to prevent all personnel from being closer than one (1) meter from the antenna main beam when the transmitter is operational.
76 Chapter 5 Installation Planning• • • •••antenna. The FCC has a new rule on how much antenna gain affects the input power to the antenna and the output power of a radio operating in the 2400-MHz ISM band, but this rule does not apply to the 5.8-GHz links.PolarizationAll 5.8-GHz antennas offer a choice of linear polarization. Aurora 5800 radios usually operate with antennas that are polarized either vertically or horizontally, as long as the polarization is the same at both ends of the path. Cross-polarization greatly reduces signal strength.Site SelectionLink PerformanceAurora 5800 radio’s link performance can be characterized not unlike that of any conventional 6-GHz, point-to-point, nondiversity microwave link. Ref. [2] lists various availability and outage models and objectives from which to select.While the “short-haul” objective (about 27 min/yr or 9 min/any month, end-to-end, one-way T1/E1 trunk outage) may be suitable for most applications, many Aurora 5800 radios are often used for temporary links or as an alternative to copper wire services. A higher outage objective may therefore be assigned to a DSSS link, resulting in significant savings in the cost of antennas and support structures.Aurora 5800 radio’s wide, robust transmitted spectra reduce the probability of multipath fade outage on these links. In sharp contrast to FM analog radio links where the RF carrier disappears, or a broadband Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) or other digital links where increased multipath outage occurs with signal distortion (dispersion), spread-spectrum signals are not nearly as affected by multipath notches.Aurora 5800 radio’s Dispersive Fade Margins (DFMs), the measure of its sensitivity to path-generated spectrum distortion, exceed 60 dB and are thus disregarded in performance calculations.
Aurora 580077 • • • •••For this reason, the addition of diversity protection to lower multipath fade outage is rarely necessary to meet performance objectives. If equipment protection is needed, then dual Aurora 5800 radios on cross-polarized or separate antennas with T1 or E1 span line switches are suggested. Vertically separated antennas (paths) provide a reduction in multipath outage, although T1/E1 span line switching is not hitless.Path Clearance and ReliabilityAs a general rule, spread-spectrum links can be assigned about the same 0.6 F1 at k = 11 path clearance as standard (licensed point-to-point analog and digital radio-relay links) in the 6-GHz band.Since many Aurora 5800 links are short and nondiversity, low clearance paths over reflective terrain (such as open fields or lakes) are usually more stable (fade-free) than those with excessive path clearance. Tables of link reliability under different conditions of terrain, climate, antenna size, and path distance are available from Harris [Ref. 3]. The received signal level and path reliability (outage or SESR) results under a wide variation of link design conditions can be determined by using Harris MCD’s StarLink shareware personal path engineering computer program, which is available at no cost. [Ref. 4]Antenna Site SelectionA good antenna site has the following qualifications:•A clear line of sight for optimum power and maximum range•Sufficient elevation for maximum line-of-sight range•Correct orientation and correct directional aim at the target antenna•Shortest possible distance between antenna and radio unit1. “k” is the ratio of the radius of curvature (refractivity) of the radio path to that of the earth. A k = 1 (no refractive ray bending over a true earth) is commonly used for longer paths.
78 Chapter 5 Installation Planning• • • •••A reasonable approximation of the radio horizon (line-of-sight) based on antenna height is shown in Figure 5-1. On the chart, set a straight-edge so that it crosses the height of one antenna in the column on the left and the height of the other antenna in the column on the right; the radio horizon in miles or kilometers is shown where the straight-edge crosses the center column.Figure 5-1 Antenna height chart*Path length for grazing clearance over flat terrain without trees or other obstructions.ANTENNA1 HEIGHT ANTENNA2 HEIGHT2 X RADIO HORIZON*(feet (miles (feetmeters) meters)km)
Aurora 580079 • • • •••Antenna Cable SelectionHarris recommends low-loss and low-cost RF cables to connect the radio to the antenna. Andrew’s LDF4-50A coaxial cable is standard with the Aurora 5800 radio. See Table 5-1 for cable characteristics. Table 5-1 LDF4-50A cable parameters Characteristic ValueCable Part Number LDF4-50ANominal Size (in.) 1/2Impedance (ohms) 50Approx. Atten, at 5.8 GHzdB/100 ft (dB/100 m) 6.5 (21)Weight, lb/ft (kg/m) 0.15 (0.22)Diameter over Jacket, in. (mm) 0.63 (16)Min. Bending Radius, in. (mm) 5 (125)
80 Chapter 5 Installation Planning• • • •••Antenna AlignmentThe antenna can be aligned by monitoring the RSSI test jack. Use a digital multimeter to measure the RSSI voltage when adjusting the direction of the antenna. The RSSI level of 0 to 4.8 VDC corresponds to the receiver input level of approximately -90 to -20 dBm. See Table 5-2.Typical RSSI Voltage versus Receiver Input LevelTable 5-2 Typical RSSI voltage versus receiver input level RX Input Level(dBm) RSSI Voltage(V)−90−0.05−85 0.69−80 1.34−75 1.83−70 2.30−65 2.67−60 3.01−55 3.28−50 3.54−45 3.77−40 4.00−35 4.20−30 4.39−25 4.58−20 4.75
Aurora 580081 • • • •••Point-to-Point Path AnalysisPrograms that allow you to perform path analysis are available from several vendors. In any case, the following steps should be followed.1.Plot the location of each antenna on a topographical site map.2.Draw lines showing the radio path between sites.3.On a graph paper, plot the distance (horizontal axis, in miles or kilometers) versus the ground elevation (vertical axis, in feet or meters).4.Identify all obstructions on the radio path line on the map, including hills, vegetation, and buildings or structures that will interfere with radio transmission.5.Plot each obstruction on the graph by marking the elevation and distance from the sites.6.For each obstruction, compute the increment to the height of each obstruction to allow for the earth’s curvature. where h1 = additional height increment in feet or meters,d1 = distance of obstruction from site in miles or kilometers,d2 = distance of the obstruction from the second site in miles or kilometers,C= 1.5 for English units or 12.75 for metric units, andk= a refractive index of 1.33 for both English and metric units.Add the additional height increment, h1, to the elevations plotted on your graph.h1 d1 d2×Ck-------------------=
82 Chapter 5 Installation Planning• • • •••7.Compute another increment to the height of each obstruction for the Fresnel zone. where h2 = 60% of the first Fresnel zone in feet or meter,C= 43.26 for English or 10.38 for metric units,d1 = the distance of the obstruction from the first site in miles or kilometers,d2 = the distance of the obstruction from the second site in miles or kilometers,f= 5.8 GHz in English or metric units, andD= total path length (d1 + d2) in miles or kilometers.Add the h2 increment to the elevations on the graph.8.Determine the ideal antenna height by drawing a line on the graph between the sites and across the top of the obstruction heights. Note the elevation of each antenna site.9.Use the following formula to determine the free-space path.where L= the path loss in dB,C= 96.6 for English units (distance in miles) and 92.4 for metric units (distance in kilometers),D= distance in miles or kilometers, and f= the signal frequency (5.8 GHz for both English and metric units for the Aurora radio).For example, for a 15-mile path, path lossh2 C d1 d2×fD×-------------------=LC20 D()log 20 f()log++=
Aurora 580083 • • • •••= 96.6 + 20 log 15 + 20 log 5.8 GHz = 136 dB.For a 15-km path, path loss = 92.4 + 20 log 15 + 20 log 5.8 GHz = 131 dB.10.Calculate the unfaded Received Signal Level (RSL).RSL= TX Power + TX Antenna Gain − Coax Loss − Free Space Loss + RX Antenna Gain − Coax LossFor example, if the TX Power is +19 dBm, the Coax Loss is 2 dB for the TX and 2 dB for the RX, the Antenna Gain is 28 dBi for the TX and 28 dBi for the RX, and the Path Loss is 136 dB, thenRSL= +19 dBm + 28 dBi − 2 dB − 136 dB + 28 dBi − 2 dB = − 65 dBm11.Calculate the Fade Margin (FM)FM = RSL − Receiver Sensitivity at 10-3 BER (outage)FM = −65 − (−90) = 25 dB.
84 Chapter 5 Installation Planning• • • •••Examples of Transmission DistancesTable 5-3 lists some examples of the FCC-compliant Aurora 5800 possible transmission distances for different antennas and different transmit output powers.Table 5-3 Examples of maximum free-space transmission distanceAssumption: 32.8 ft (10 m) LDF4-50A cable feed for both antennas and 25 dB fade margin for BER 10-6/10-3.Notes:1. 32.8 ft (10 m) LDF4-50A cable loss approximately 2 dB.2. Typical T1/E1 Aurora receiver threshold, −88 dBm at BER 10-6 (static threshold) and −90 dBm at BER 10-3 (outage threshold).3. Free-space, path-loss calculation:L = C + 20 log (D) + 20 log (f).L= the path loss in dB.C= 96.6 for distance in miles and 92.4 for distance in kilometers.D= distance in miles or kilometers.f= the signal frequency in MHz.For example, for output power = 19 dBm,antenna gain = 28 dBi, TX antenna cable loss = 2 dB, Antenna Gain(dBi)Transmit Output Power(+19 dBm)EIRP(dBm)Transmission Distance (miles/km)BER 10-6/10-328 45 13/1528.5 45.5 14/1831.4 48.4 28/3534.8 51.8 61/77
Aurora 580085 • • • •••the TX EIRP = 19 + 28 − 2 = 45 dBm.The receiver antenna net gain = 28 − 2 (cable loss) = 26 dB;hence the total path loss with this radio system = 45 + 26 + 90 − 25 (required fade margin) = 136 dB, that corresponds to a free-space distance of about 15 miles. With 23 dB (2 dB less) fade margin for a 10-6 BER static point, this distance reduces to 13 miles.If the actual transmission distance is reduced to 10 miles, the path loss is about 132 dB; then the system has about 27-dB fade margin for BER 10-6 and 29-dB fade margin for BER 10-3.Spacing RequirementIf the Aurora radio is being installed in an equipment rack, leave one rack space above the radio and one rack space below the radio.
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Aurora 580087 • • • ••• Chapter 6• • • • • • Software Utility ProgramAurora SoftwareThe Aurora 5800 is shipped with a diskette containing a utility program, AURORA5800, that is used to configure the radio for proper operation. The utility can also be used to monitor the built-in alarms and status indicators.Installing the SoftwareThe AURORA5800 utility program can be installed and executed on any PC running the Microsoft Windows 95, 98, or NT 4.0 operating system. To install the software, do the following:1.Insert AURORA5800 Setup Disk 1 in the computer’s disk drive (usually drive A:).2.From the Windows or NT Start menu, select SettingsControl PanelAdd/Remove Programs.The setup program guides you through the install process, and you can select which directory you want the AURORA5800 installed.
88 Chapter 6 Software Utility Program• • • •••Running the SoftwareOnce it is installed, you can run the AURORA5800 program by1.clicking on the Start button and 2.choosing Programs from the Start menu and then3.choosing AURORA5800 from the submenu.AURORA5800 Main WindowA few moments after you start AURORA5800, the main window (Figure 6-1) appears.
Aurora 580089 • • • •••Figure 6-1 AURORA5800 main windowFeaturesFrom the main window, you can•Make selections to set the transmit and receive frequencies.•Define the spread code.•Adjust the Tx output power.•Save connection configurations.•Monitor the radio’s alarms/status levels.•See the latest transmit/receive frequencies and PN spread codes.Connect buttonConfiguration buttonTx Frequencybutton Rx Sequence Code buttonRx Frequency buttonHelp buttonTx Power buttonTx Sequence Code buttonMessage boxRing-on stateVoice indicatorLocal equipment address
90 Chapter 6 Software Utility Program• • • •••Status/AlarmsSix status and alarm conditions are monitored and displayed on the AURORA5800 main window.Table 6-1 AlarmsGreen indicates that everything is running okay. Red indicates an alarm condition.PhoneThe green light on the phone icon indicates a voice connection. A red splash above the phone indicates a ring-on state.Alarm Designation Color StatusLOS1LOS2 Green No loss of signal.Red Receiver loss of signal when eitherreceiving 175 consecutive zeros orreceived signal amplitude drops below 0.3 V peak threshold.AIS1AIS2 Green Normal.Red Unframed all one’s is detected (criteria of less than three zeros out at 2048-bit period).Tx ALM Green Transmit power is above threshold level (okay).Red Transmit power has dropped below a preset threshold level.SYNC Green Traffic is normal.Red Synchronization alarm.
Aurora 580091 • • • •••Connection ConfigurationFrom the main window (Figure 6-1), click the Configuration button. The Connection Configuration dialog box appears.Figure 6-2 Connection Configuration dialog box1.To select the COM Port the Aurora 5800 radio is connected to, click the + or − button.2.To select the bit rate for the selected COM Port, click the + or − button.3.To change the parity, click the appropriate button.4.Click the Ok button to save the changes in “aurora.cfg” file.If FarScan is locally connected to the Aurora 5800 radio’s CIT port, then you must select 9600 b/s and no parity.
92 Chapter 6 Software Utility Program• • • •••Connecting the COMM PortThe RS-232 user interface connector is on the front panel of the Aurora radio.1.From the main window (Figure 6-1) double-click theConnect button at the lower right-hand side.2.The AURORA5800 searches the selected comm port that is connected to the radio. A message “connecting over COMx . . .” appears. 3.When the radio is detected at that Comm port, the word “Connected” appears in the message box.4.The main window displays the radio default configuration parameters.T1/E1 interfaceTx and Rx Spread SequenceTx and Rx RF FrequencyTx Output Power levelAlarmsThe Connect button changes to Disconnect.
Aurora 580093 • • • •••FrequencyFrom the main window (Figure 6-1), click on the Tx or the Rx Frequency button. The Set Frequency dialog box appears. Figure 6-3 is an example of a Set Rx Frequency dialog box.Figure 6-3 Set Rx Frequency dialog box1.To change the frequency, click the + or − button.2.When the desired frequency appears, click the Ok button.If the frequency is changed, ensure that the corresponding frequency at the far end is changed also.Small adjustments are possible. Frequency can be adjusted up to 500 kHz away from the nominal channel plan.If the selected frequency is not the same as the frequency displayed on the label, the radio does not function correctly.
94 Chapter 6 Software Utility Program• • • •••Spread CodeFrom the main window (Figure 6-1), click on the Tx or the Rx Sequence code button. The Set Sequence dialog box appears. Figure 6-4 is an example of the Set Rx Sequence dialog box.Figure 6-4 Set Rx Sequence dialog boxThere are 4 preset codes to choose from.1.To change the code, click the ∧ or ∨ button.2.When the desired code appears, click the Ok button to download the new value.Tx Output PowerFrom the main window (Figure 6-1), click on the Tx Power Interface button. The Tx Power Settings dialog box (Figure 6-5) appears.Ensure that the Transmit Code at the far end is the same as the Receive Code at the near end. Otherwise, the radio link does not operate properly.
Aurora 580095 • • • •••Figure 6-5 Tx Power Settings dialog boxSet Alarm Level1.Use an RF Power Meter to monitor the actual power at the antenna port.2.Click the big + and − buttons at the top of the dialog box to set the desired alarm power level.The alarm level may be 3 dB below the output level.3.Click the Set alarm level button to save this setting.Set Power4.Click the big + and − buttons at the top of the dialog box to set the nominal power level.Tx Power Display5.Click the small + and − buttons at the bottom right-hand side of the dialog box to display the nominal power level.6.Click the Set Power button to save this setting.This setting is displayed as a reminder only. This feature does not track the actual power level.
96 Chapter 6 Software Utility Program• • • •••Init Hardware1.Right-click the mouse.2.Choose Init. The Initialization dialog box (Figure 6-6) appears.Figure 6-6 Initialization dialog box3.Select Interface type.4.Click the up and down buttons to select the nominal radio frequency pairs.Refer to the frequencies shown on the back label.5.Click the Ok button to set the new values and start the initialization procedure.Quitting the AURORA5800 ProgramTo quit the program, from the main window click the X in the upper right-hand corner.This dialog box is available only to the professional installer.
Aurora 580097 • • • ••• Chapter 7• • • • • • Troubleshooting GuidelineGeneralThis guideline is offered in troubleshooting the Aurora radio in the unlikely event a trouble occurs. This guideline is intended for new installations only.Always check the radio pairs on a bench before field installation. To perform the bench test, use:•0-dBi omni antennas or •Cables with a coaxial 60-dB attenuator.Once the radio is installed, normal operation is indicated by the following conditions:•The green PWR LED is on.•The red TX ALM and RX ALM LEDs are off.•The RSSI level is between 0 and 4.8 VDC.Call the Harris Customer Resource Center if the trouble is not resolved.
98 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guideline• • • •••Power LED OffIf no communication link is achieved, and if the PWR LED (green) is off:•Check the power switch on the left front panel of the radio.•Check the connections to the power source.•Check the power source itself for availability of power.TX Power AlarmIf the TX ALM LED (red) is on:•The transmit output power level may be too low (3 dB lower than nominal).Use the AURORA5800 software program to check the power level.RX Data AlarmIf the RX ALM LED (red) is on:•There may be a problem in the receive path resulting in a low received signal level, or •The far-end transmitter output power is too low or off, or•There may be a problem with the antenna connection or alignment.Check the receiver’s RSSI voltage level with a DMM.•Level should be between 0 and 4.8 VDC.•If the level is too low (closer to 0 VDC), the antenna may not be properly aligned. Adjust the antenna direction to increase RSSI reading. Check the coaxial cable connections.
Aurora 580099 • • • •••If the RSSI level cannot be improved with antenna adjustment, the remote site transmitter may have a Tx Power alarm. •Go to the remote site and check and correct the transmitter’s output power level.Software DiagnosisIf the LEDs and RSSI are normal but still no communication link can be established, use the Aurora 5800 utility software to troubleshoot the problem. The software’s diagnostics provides additional information about the receive and transmit synthesizers, and the status of the LOS and AIS for the digital interface.If the synthesizer has failed or if there is an LOS or AIS alarm, then the radio does not operate normally. In addition, ensure that the radio pairs are configured correctly by re-downloading the receive and transmit synthesizer frequencies and the spread sequence into the radio processor, and then reset the radio transmit power to nominal levels. See the back label for frequency-pair information.LOS AlarmLoss of Signal (LOS) means the DS-1/E1 signal is missing at the input of the modem board.
100 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guideline• • • •••Interference ResolutionIf, after the link is installed, too many path errors are indicated on the T1 or E1 test set, a potential interference problem may exist. Try the following corrective steps.1.Rotate the antenna direction slightly, and see if there is an improvement in the BER.2.If no improvement is achieved, rotate the polarization of the antenna at both ends of the link by 90o.3.If still no improvement is achieved after 2., use the SSRadio software utility program to change the Transmitter and Receiver Spread Sequence.The software provides four different PNs. Use a PN other than the currently installed one, and check for improvement. Make sure the Transmitter Spread Sequence at one end is the same as the Receiver Spread Sequence at the opposite end. Harris recommends that you use different transmit and receive codes within the same radio to minimize the transmit power leakage into the receiver.4.If no obvious improvement is achieved from the preceding steps, use the SSRadio software and make a slight adjustment to either the transmit or receive synthesizer frequency, or both.•Do not make an adjustment of more than ± 500 kHz from the nominal channel plan (to avoid operating outside of the diplexer filters’ passband). •Ensure that the transmit frequency at one end matches the receive frequency at the opposite end.
Aurora 5800101 • • • ••• Chapter 8• • • • • • Connecting to FarScanIntroductionFarScan is a computer-based network supervision system that runs in Microsoft Windows.FarScan performs five primary functions:•Manual command execution•Polling (AutoPoll and SelectPoll)•Equipment activity logging•FarScan networking•Paging
102 Chapter 8 Connecting to FarScan• • • •••Hardware InterfaceThe FarScan computer can be connected to the Harris radio network locally, or remotely by using standard modems connected to a telephone line.Hardwire ConnectionAurora 5800 radio can be connected to FarScan locally by using the FarScan interface cable.The cable (Harris part number 087-108906-025) is connected to the CIT port on the Aurora 5800 radio. Refer to Chapter 2 for more information on the CIT port.Modem ConnectionA null modem cable is connected to the DATA port (15-pin) on the Aurora 5800 radio. Refer to Chapter 2 for more information on the DATA port.Software InterfaceRefer to Chapter 6 for instructions on how to connect the COMM port.For More InformationRefer to the FarScan for Windows Instruction Manual for more information.
Aurora 5800103 • • • ••• Chapter 9• • • • • • Customer Service and Warranty InformationWarranty and Product SupportWarranty and product support information is provided at the time of purchase with the sales invoice and other sales documents. Read the warranty information on page 108 for the equipment or assembly before contacting the Microwave Communications Division (MCD) Customer Service.
104 Chapter 9 Customer Service and Warranty Information• • • •••Ordering SparesHarris MCD Aurora 5800 is designed to be repaired at the shelf level. For this reason, parts lists are not furnished with an order, nor are they available.All orders must be at the top radio shelf level for a complete unit. Make all inquiries for spare radios to the Spare Products Support Center at the following address.Repair and ReturnHarris MCD repairs all its manufactured products as well as coordinates repairs on vendor items that are part of its systems. The standard repair turnaround time for current models of some products is 5 working days upon receipt of the defective parts. Repair turnaround time for other products is 15 working days. Discontinued items repair turnaround is subject to the availability of spares.Emergency repair is available with a 24-hour turnaround time for current production models of some products and 48 hours for other products. Turnaround time for Manufacturing Discontinued items is subject to the nature of the problems. Emergency repairs are billed at actual repair price Harris Microwave Communications Division Spare Products Support Center3, Hotel de VilleDollard-des-Ormeaux, QuebecCANADA H9B 3G4Tel: 1-800-227-8332 (U.S.A.)1-800-465-4654 (Canada)(+1) 514-421-8333Fax: (+1) 514-421-3555The Customer Resource Center is now available on the worldwide web at http://www.microwave.harris.com/cservice/.
Aurora 5800105 • • • •••(zero for warranty units) plus some surcharge per radio. Our normal shipping time is 4 P.M. (Central Time) unless special shipping instruction is requested.Repair charges and turnaround time for OEM (vendor) items are set by Harris MCD suppliers. Our close working relationships with our suppliers assure us of the best repair prices and turnaround time. Repair charges are billed at supplier’s cost plus the necessary handling fee.Module ExchangeYou may prefer to receive a replacement radio before you send your defective unit to us. Harris MCD maintains an inventory of many different configurations that can be shipped to you within 24 hours. Radios that require retuning or reconfiguring can be shipped within 48 hours.All exchanged radios must be returned to us within 15 days to avoid getting invoiced for the difference between the exchange price and the list price.Evaluation FeeThere is an evaluation charge per unit if no trouble is found and no repair is required.Unrepairable UnitsEquipment that has been damaged because of customer negligence or that has parts removed will be repaired at the prevailing flat repair fee, or on a time-and-material basis, whichever is higher and regardless of the warranty status. Any equipment that is determined to be unrepairable will be returned to the customer. An evaluation fee will be assessed. This fee will be refunded if the customer purchases a replacement radio within 30 days.
106 Chapter 9 Customer Service and Warranty Information• • • •••Return FreightHarris MCD prepays standard return freight back to our customers on warranty repairs. Return freight back to customers on billable repairs is invoiced to the customers. The customer pays for shipping units to Harris MCD for both warranty and out-of-warranty repairs. Special shipping requests may be subject to additional charge.All shipments outside the continental USA and Canada are subject to additional handling charge per shipment.Please pack the unit carefully using static-free, sturdy packaging to prevent damage during transit.Return Material AuthorizationBefore sending in your equipment for repair, first contact the Harris MCD and request a return material authorization (RMA) number. Obtaining an RMA number insures you that the repairs will be done in a timely manner and prevents any delays due to incomplete information.Please provide the following information:1. Your name, company, and telephone number.2. Equipment type, part number, and sales order number (labeled on back of shelf).3. Detailed description of the problem.4. Purchase order number.5. Billing and shipping addresses.6. Any special return packing or shipping instructions.7. If required, customs clearance information.
Aurora 5800107 • • • •••Repair Telephone and Fax Numbers U.S.A. and CanadaRepair Service LocationsWhen you receive the RMA number, the Harris MCD customer service representative will instruct you to ship your defective unit(s) to one of the following addresses.U.S.A.CanadaTel: 1-800-227-8332 (U.S.A. only)1-800-465-4654 (Canada only)(+1) 514-421-8333Fax: (+1) 514-421-3555Harris Microwave Communications DivisionAttn: Customer Service, RMA #_ _ _ _ _5727 Farinon DriveSan Antonio, TX 78249Harris Microwave Communications DivisionAttn: Customer Service, RMA #_ _ _ _ _3, Hotel de VilleDollard-des-Ormeaux, QuebecCANADA H9B 3G4
108 Chapter 9 Customer Service and Warranty Information• • • •••Customer TrainingHarris MCD offers courses in microwave, lightwave, and multiplex system operation designed to maximize product performance and minimize maintenance costs. Regular classes are held in our Redwood Shores, California, and Montreal, Canada facilities. Special classes can be held at customer sites. Training is available for standard products. All other training requirements must be quoted by the Customer Training Department. For information call 1-800-227-8332 or 1-800-465-4654.Standard Product Warranty TermsHarris MCD warrants that each product of its own manufacture shall, at the time of delivery and for a period of 24 months thereafter, be free from defects in materials and workmanship. For such products that are installed by Harris MCD, this warranty shall extend for 18 months from date of installation, provided that the time from the date of delivery to the date of installation does not exceed 6 months. Such warranty shall not include any consumable components to which a specific manufacturer’s guarantee applies. If any Harris MCD product shall prove to be defective in materials or workmanship under normal intended usage, operation, and maintenance during the applicable warranty period as determined by Harris MCD after examination of the product claimed to be defective, then Harris MCD shall repair or replace, at Harris MCD’s sole option, such defective product, in accordance with procedures specified below, at its own expense, exclusive, however, of the cost of labor by the customer’s own employees, agents or contractors in identifying, removing or replacing the defective part(s) of the product.In composite equipment assemblies and systems, which include equipment of such other than Harris MCD manufacture, Harris MCD’s responsibility under this warranty provision for the non-Harris MCD manufactured portion of the equipment shall be limited to the other equipment manufacturer’s standard warranty. Provided, however, that if the other manufacturer’s standard warranty period is of a shorter duration than the warranty period applicable to Harris MCD’s manufactured equipment, then Harris MCD shall extend additional coverage to such other equipment
Aurora 5800109 • • • •••manufacturer’s warranty equal to the differential in time between the expiration of the other manufacturer’s warranty and the duration of Harris MCD’s manufactured equipment warranty applicable to such order. Harris MCD shall repair or replace, at Harris MCD’s sole option, such other manufacturer’s defective part(s) within 60 days after receipt of such parts by Harris MCD in accordance with the below specified procedures, at Harris MCD’s own expense, exclusive, however, of cost of labor by the customer’s own employees, agents or contractors in identifying, removing or replacing the defective part(s) of the product.An authorization to return products to Harris MCD under this warranty must be obtained from a Harris MCD representative prior to making shipment to Harris MCD’s plant, and all returns shall be shipped freight prepaid. Collect shipments will not be accepted, but Harris MCD will prepay return freight charges on repaired and replaced products found to be actually defective.Liability of Harris MCD for breach of any and all warranties hereunder is expressly limited to the repair or replacement of defective products as set forth in this section, and in no event shall Harris MCD be liable for special, incidental or consequential damages by reason of any breach of warranty or defect in materials or workmanship. Harris MCD shall not be responsible for repair or replacement of products that have been subjected to neglect, accident or improper use, or that have been altered by other than authorized Harris MCD personnel.Any warranties or conditions made herein by Harris are exclusive, made in lieu of all other warranties or conditions, express or implied (except to title) including, but not limited to, any implied warranty or condition of merchantability, any implied warranty or condition of fitness for a particular purpose, or any warranty or condition arising out of performance or custom or usage of trade. Customer acknowledges any circumstances causing any such exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose shall not affect any Harris warranty.
110 Chapter 9 Customer Service and Warranty Information• • • •••Limitation of DamagesHarris’ total and maximum liability under this agreement or in connection with the subject matter of this agreement or any transaction related to this agreement, shall be limited to one-half (1/2) of the aggregate amount paid to Harris, regardless of the basis for such liability. Customer acknowledges and agrees this section shall be enforceable in the event of any claim made in connection with this agreement, including, but not limited to, any claim for failure of delivery. In no event shall Harris be liable for any punitive, special, incidental, or consequential damages, including, but not limited to lost profits, opportunities or savings or for any loss of use of, or loss of data or information of any kind, however caused or for any full or partial loss of performance of any product, even if Harris has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
Aurora 5800111 • • • ••• Appendix A• • • • • • Transmit or Receive RF Filter ResponsesThis appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests.
112 Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses• • • •••T1/E1 DiplexersThe RF filter response graphs are shown in Figure A-1 through Figure A-6.Figure A-1 Filter with center frequency of 5.735 GHzCH1 S21 log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 735.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz1233_ -5.9761 dB 5 749.820 000 MHz1_ -2.9798 dB 5.735 GHz2_ -6.003 dB 5.721 GHz1233_:-20.845 dB 5 749.820 000 MHz
Aurora 5800113 • • • •••Figure A-2 Filter with center frequency of 5.755 GHzCH1 S21 log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 755.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz1233_ -6.1175 dB 5 770.585 001 MHz1_ -3.1119 dB 5.755 GHz2_ -6.1371 dB 5.741 GHz1233_:-10.945 dB 5 770.585 001 MHz
114 Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses• • • •••Figure A-3 Filter with center frequency of 5.775 GHzCH1 S21 log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 775.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz1233_ -5.7667 dB 5 790.050 002 MHz1_ -2.7971 dB 5.775 GHz2_ -5.8321 dB 5.761 GHz1233_:-12.904 dB 5 790.050 002 MHz
Aurora 5800115 • • • •••Figure A-4 Filter with center frequency of 5.8 GHzCH1 S21 log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 800.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz1233_ -5.991 dB 5 814.845 001 MHz1_ -3.0377 dB 5.800 GHz2_ -6.01 dB 5.785 GHz1233_:-12.909 dB 5 814.845 001 MHz
116 Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses• • • •••Figure A-5 Filter with center frequency of 5.82 GHzCH1 S21 log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 820.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz1233_ -6.2021 dB 5 834.635 003 MHz1_ -3.2001 dB 5.82 GHz2_ -6.2019 dB 5.806 GHz1233_:-10.913 dB 5 834.635 003 MHz
Aurora 5800117 • • • •••Figure A-6 Filter with center frequency of 5.84 GHzCH1 S21 log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 840.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz1233_ -6.241 dB 5 854.760 002 MHz1_ -3.2412 dB 5.840 GHz2_ -6.1996 dB 5.826 GHz1233_:-14.527 dB 5 854.760 002 MHz
118 Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses• • • •••2T1/2E1 DiplexersFigure A-7 Filter with center frequency of 5.741 GHzCH1 B/R log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S 11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 741.000 000 MHzSPAN 150.000 000 MHz1233_ -5.8986 dB 5 760.005 002 MHz1_ -5.8924 dB 5.722 GHz2_ -2.8476 dB 5.741 GHz1233_:-15.435 dB 5 760.005 002 MHz1_:-10.233 dB 5.722 GHz2_:-22.014 dB 5.741 GHz
Aurora 5800119 • • • •••Figure A-8 Filter with center frequency of 5.772 GHzCH1 B/R log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S 11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 772.000 000 MHzSPAN 150.120 000 MHz1233_ -5.6245 dB 5 790.915 120 MHz1_ -5.6025 dB 5.753 GHz2_ -2.605 dB 5.772 GHz1233_:-10.493 dB 5 790.915 120 MHz1_:-7.135 dB 5.753 GHz2_:-19.927 dB 5.772 GHz
120 Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses• • • •••Figure A-9 Filter with center frequency of 5.803 GHzCH1 B/R log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S 11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 803.000 000 MHzSPAN 150.000 000 MHz1233_ -5.8215 dB 5 821.805 002 MHz1_ -5.8229 dB 5.783 GHz2_ -2.866 dB 5.803 GHz1233_:-9.9514 dB 5 821.805 002 MHz1_:-14.808 dB 5.783 GHz2_:-17.158 dB 5.803 GHz
Aurora 5800121 • • • •••Figure A-10 Filter with center frequency of 5.834 GHzCH1 B/R log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dBCH2 S 11 log MAG REF 0 dB5 dB/ CENTER 5 834.000 000 MHzSPAN 150.000 000 MHz1233_ -6.001 dB 5 853.030 120 MHz1_ -6.0013 dB 5.815 GHz2_ -3.07 dB 5.834 GHz1233_:-18.937 dB 5 853.030 120 MHz1_:-11.868 dB 5.815 GHz2_:-23.856 dB 5.834 GHz
122 Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses• • • •••This page intentionally blank.
Aurora 5800123 • • • ••• Appendix B• • • • • • Typical Radio Performance Results for T1This appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests.Refer to Appendix A for RF filter response graphs.Transmitter RF TestTransmit RF Spectrum (FCC Part 15.247)Figure B-1 Transmit RF spectrum
124 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1• • • •••Receiver TestsTest SetupFigure B-2 Receiver test setupDirection Transmit ReceiveA Radio 1 at 5775 MHz Radio 2 at 5775 MHzB Radio 2 at 5840 MHz Radio 1 at 5840 MHz40 to 130 dBRadio 1 Variable Attenuator Radio 2BERT BERT
Aurora 5800125 • • • •••Receiver SensitivityCode used: 2CF8Requirement: Input threshold at BER 10-6 ≤ −87 dBmResults: Both directions use same spread sequence.Code Direction Input Threshold at BER 10-6 (dBm)3F0C A−92B−912CF8 A−91B−901F35 A−90B−89
126 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1• • • •••Dispersive Fade MarginTest ConditionsDirection A code: 1F35Direction B code: 1F35Fade simulator is inserted in the 140-MHz IF path. RCV input level is at nominal - 40 dBm.Direction ASee Table B-1 and Table B-2 for the results of this test for Direction A.Table B-1 Direction A, minimal phaseNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition134 40 at 134.8 MHz 40 at 136.3 MHz136 19.0 24.5138 20.4 24.5 40 at 139.2 MHz 40140 32.0 33.5 39.4 39.0142 24.4 27.5 40 at 140.5 MHz 40144 27.8 40 at 143.5 MHz145 40 at 144.4 MHz
Aurora 5800127 • • • •••Table B-2 Direction A, non-minimal phaseDFM = 56.17 dB for BER = 1E-6DFM = 64.70 dB for BER = 1E-3See Figure B-3 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6, and Figure B-4 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3.Figure B-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction ANotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition134 40 at 135.7 MHz136 39.5 > 40138 39.0 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0140 32.8 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0142 25.9 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0144 31.0 40 at 143.3 MHz146 40 at 144.4 MHz
128 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1• • • •••Figure B-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction ADirection BSee Table B-3 and Table B-4 for the results of this test for Direction B.Table B-3 Direction B, minimal phaseNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition134 40 at 134.8 MHz 40 at 135.8 MHz136 21.0 28.0138 27.5 29.5 40 at 138.5 MHz 40.0140 27.4 32.0 37.0 34.0142 22.0 28.2 33.0 30.0144 27.0 > 40 > 40144.3 40.0
Aurora 5800129 • • • •••Table B-4 Direction B, non-minimal phaseDFM = 57.74 dB for BER = 1E-6DFM = 68.86 dB for BER = 1E-3See Figure B-5 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6 and Figure B-6 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3.Figure B-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction BNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition135.7 40.0136 39.5138 39.0 > 40.0 > 40.0 > 40.0140 32.8 > 40.0 > 40.0 > 40.0142 25.9 28.5 34.0 31.0144 31.0 40 at 143.3 MHz > 40 > 40144.4 40.0
130 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1• • • •••Figure B-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B
Aurora 5800131 • • • •••Dynamic FadingSweep Notch Depth RangeSee Table B-5 for sweep notch depth range at certain notch frequencies for BER < 10-6 region; elapse time = 0.1 sec.Table B-5 Sweep notch depth rangeSweep Notch FrequencyTable B-6 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec)Notch Frequency (MHz)Direction A Notch Depth(dB) Direction B Notch Depth(dB)MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase135.0 0 to 28 0 to 36 0 to 18 0 to 32138.0 0 to 17 0 to 35 0 to 30 0 to 40140.0 0 to 26 0 to 30 0 to 31 0 to 26142.0 0 to 18 0 to 21 0 to 28 0 to 18145.0 0 to 39 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40Notch Frequency (MHz)Direction A Notch Depth(dB) Direction B Notch Depth(dB)MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase115 to 165 17.5 21.0 19.0 22.0
132 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1• • • •••Flat FadingSweep for ultimate error-free attenuation range (flat fading), elapse time: 0.1 sec.Note: Attenuation is inserted in the IF path. RF AGC is disabled. Only the dynamic performance of the IF AGC is tested.Direction A: 0 to 55 dBDirection B: 0 to 55 dBInterference PerformanceThe effect of an interfering signal into a digital radio receiver is characterized by a 1 dB degradation in the BER = 1 × 10 -6 (static) and 1 × 10 -3 (outage) thresholds. The standard for this characteristic is the threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio, as defined in EIA/TIA Document TSB-10-F. [Ref 5]The test was performed for sinewave (narrowband) interference and for like signal (wideband) interference. The method used in this test follows the TIA Bulletin TSB-10-F Standard T/I measurement recommendation.The C/I uses nominal receiver input level (− 40 dBm), and then interference is injected to get a BER of 10-6. C/I is the ratio of the signal to interference ratio at this point, measured in direction A only.
Aurora 5800133 • • • •••Narrowband InterferenceFigure B-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offsetFigure B-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset
134 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1• • • •••Wideband InterferenceFigure B-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 1F35)Figure B-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 1F35, Direction B: 3F0C)
Aurora 5800135 • • • •••Figure B-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset
136 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1• • • •••FCC Part 15, Compliance Processing Gain Performance TestTest method recommended by FCC 97-114 is the CW Jamming Margin Method.Test SetupTest setup is shown in Figure B-12.Figure B-12 Processing gain test setupCharacteristic ValueData rate T1 (1.544 Mb/s)Chip rate 11 chips/bitDesigned processing gain 10.4 dBHP37701A Communications AnalyzerTransmitter Variable AttenuatorVariable AttenuatorComb/Splitter Comb/SplitterHP8648C Signal GeneratorHP435B Power MeterReceiverData InData Out
Aurora 5800137 • • • •••Jamming Margin (J/S Ratio) (for BER 10-5)The test was performed in Direction B. 50 kHz increments were used in this test; the worst 20% were discarded. See Table B-7.After the worst 20% (64 points marked with (x)) were discarded, the lowest J/S ratio was - 0.5 dB (marked with (**)).Hence Mj = − 0.5 dB.The S/N ratio for ideal noncoherent receiver is calculated fromPe = ½ e(-½ (S/N)o ),where Pe = 10-5. Hence (S/N)o = 13.3 dB.The processing gain can be calculated asGp = (S/N)o + Mj + Lsyswhere Lsys = System Loss.No more than 2 dB loss is allowed (we assumed 0 dB).Hence Gp = 13.3 − 0.5 + 0.0 = 12.8 dB, better than the designed coding gain of 10.4 dB and better than the FCC’s minimum requirement of 10 dB.
138 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1• • • •••Table B-7 Jamming margin (J/S ratio) (for BER 10-5) for T1Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB)−8.00 5.2−6.00 0.8−4.00 2.5−2.00 (x) −0.5.05 5.3 .05−0.1 .05 2.0 .05 (x) −0.8.10 5.6 .10 (x) −1.0 .10 1.5 .10 (x) −1.1.15 6.1 .15 (x) −1.7 .15 1.4 .15 (x) −1.3.20 6.0 .20 (x) −1.8 .20 1.6 .20 (x) −1.4.25 6.2 .25 (x) −2.0 .25 1.3 .25 (x) −1.5.30 6.5 .30 (x) −2.0 .30 1.3 .30 (x) −1.9.35 6.5 .35 (x) −1.7 .35 1.8 .35 (x) −1.3.40 6.8 .40 (x) −0.8 .40 1.6 .40 (x) −1.3.45 7.2 .45−0.2 .45 1.2 .45 (x) −1.3.50 7.2 .50 1.2 .50 0.8 .50 (x) −0.6.55 6.7 .55 1.9 .55 0.3 .55−0.3.60 6.2 .60 2.8 .60 0.0 .60 0.1.65 6.0 .65 3.3 .65−0.4 .65 0.1.70 5.4 .70 3.4 .70−0.5 .70−0.2.75 5.4 .75 3.6 .75 (x) −0.8 .75−0.1.80 4.6 .80 3.9 .80−0.2 .80−0.3.85 4.2 .85 3.8 .85(**) −0.5.85−0.2.90 3.8 .90 3.6 .90−0.5 .90 0.1.95 3.9 .95 2.9 .95 0.4 .95 0.0−7.00 3.8−5.00 2.3−3.00 0.5−1.00 0.6.05 3.7 .05 1.9 .05 1.0 .05 0.9.10 3.8 .10 1.2 .10 1.3 .10 1.8.15 3.7 .15 1.0 .15 1.2 .15 2.1.20 3.7 .20 0.5 .20 2.0 .20 2.1.25 3.8 .25 0.8 .25 2.6 .25 2.1.30 3.3 .30 0.8 .30 3.0 .30 2.4.35 3.7 .35 0.8 .35 3.9 .35 2.5.40 3.7 .40 1.5 .40 4.5 .40 2.3.45 4.2 .45 1.5 .45 4.4 .45 2.2.50 4.3 .50 1.6 .50 4.2 .50 1.5.55 3.7 .55 2.1 .55 4.0 .55 1.0.60 3.1 .60 2.1 .60 3.5 .60−0.1.65 3.0 .65 2.8 .65 3.2 .65 (x) −1.7.70 2.9 .70 2.8 .70 2.9 .70 (x) −3.0.75 2.8 .75 2.9 .75 2.1 .75 (x) −4.0.80 3.1 .80 3.4 .80 1.9 .80 (x) −4.6.85 3.5 .85 3.9 .85 0.8 .85 (x) −4.8.90 3.0 .90 3.9 .90 0.8 .90 (x) −5.2.95 3.4 .95 3.3 .95 0.3 .95 (x) −5.8
Aurora 5800139 • • • •••0.00 (x) −4.3 +2.00 (x) −2.1 +4.00 3.9 +6.00−0.2.05 (x) −4.3 .05 (x) −2.1 .05 4.4 .05 2.0.10 (x) −4.9 .10 (x) −1.8 .10 4.1 .10 2.2.15 (x) −4.7 .15 (x) −1.1 .15 4.0 .15 2.8.20 (x) −3.8 .20 0.0 .20 3.5 .20 3.6.25 (x) −3.5 .25 0.5 .25 3.5 .25 4.5.30 (x) −2.2 .30 1.1 .30 2.8 .30 5.1.35 (x) −1.4 .35 2.0 .35 2.3 .35 6.0.40 (x) −0.5 .40 2.6 .40 1.7 .40 6.1.45 0.1 .45 3.3 .45 1.2 .45 6.4.50 0.3 .50 3.5 .50 1.0 .50 6.0.55 0.3 .55 3.3 .55 0.7 .55 5.1.60 0.7 .60 2.8 .60 0.7 .60 4.4.65 0.8 .65 2.4 .65 1.1 .65 4.0.70 0.8 .70 1.9 .70 1.1 .70 3.4.75 0.8 .75 1.3 .75 1.6 .75 3.1.80 1.2 .80 0.6 .80 1.6 .80 3.1.85 1.2 .85 −0.3 .85 2.2 .85 3.4.90 1.3 .90 (x) −0.8 .90 2.4 .90 3.4.95 0.8 .95 (x) −1.1 .95 2.8 .95 4.0+1.00 0.4 +3.00 (x) −1.4 +5.00 3.5 +7.00 4.1.05 −0.2 .05 (x) −0.5 .05 3.4 .05 4.2.10 (x) −0.5 .10−0.1 .10 3.4 .10 5.2.15 (x) −1.5 .15−0.1 .15 2.9 .15 5.9.20 (x) −1.7 .20 0.0 .20 2.3 .20 6.4.25 (x) −1.8 .25 0.0 .25 1.9 .25 7.2.30 (x) −2.6 .30 0.8 .30 2.2 .30 7.6.35 (x) −2.2 .35 1.0 .35 2.2 .35 7.9.40 (x) −2.5 .40 1.1 .40 2.1 .40 7.9.45 (x) −2.1 .45 1.2 .45 2.3 .45 7.9.50 (x) −2.4 .50 0.8 .50 1.7 .50 7.7.55 (x) −2.3 .55 0.7 .55 1.3 .55 7.0.60 (x) −2.4 .60 0.8 .60 0.8 .60 6.2.65 (x) −3.0 .65 0.9 .65 0.8 .65 5.5.70 (x) −2.5 .70 0.7 .70−0.2 .70 5.4.75 (x) −1.7 .75 1.4 .75 (x) −0.5 .75 5.7.80 (x) −1.9 .80 1.2 .80 (x) −0.5 .80 5.9.85 (x) −1.9 .85 1.3 .85 −0.3 .85 6.4.90 (x) −1.8 .90 2.2 .90−0.3 .90 6.3.95 (x) −2.1 .95 2.8 .95 (x) −0.7 .95 6.5+8.00 6.7Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB)
140 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1• • • •••Jitter Transfer FunctionFigure 0-1 Jitter transfer (DS1)Environmental PerformanceTemperature PerformanceDirection B, Code: 2CF8Long-Term Error PerformanceReceiver input level is set at the nominal − 40 dBm at room temperature. Both transmitter and receiver achieved error-free performance over temperature cycling for 0oC to +50oC for continuous 8-hour testing.Power Consumption MeasurementInput: 110 VACPower consumed: 21 wattsTemperature(°C) Tx Power(dBm) Rx Threshold(dBm)019.2−9125 19.0−9050 18.7−88.5
Aurora 5800141 • • • ••• Appendix C• • • • • • Typical Radio Performance Results for E1This appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests.See Appendix A for RF filter response graphs.Transmitter RF TestTransmit RF SpectrumFigure C-1 Transmit RF spectrum
142 Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1• • • •••Receiver TestsTest SetupFigure C-2 Receiver test setupDirection Transmit ReceiveA Radio 1 at 5775 MHz Radio 2 at 5775 MHzB Radio 2 at 5840 MHz Radio 1 at 5840 MHz40 to 130 dBRadio 1 Variable Attenuator Radio 2BERT BERT
Aurora 5800143 • • • •••Receiver SensitivityCode used: 05B8Requirement: Input threshold at BER 10-6 ≤ −87 dBmResults: Both directions use same spread sequence.Table C-1 Receiver sensitivityDispersive Fade MarginTest ConditionsDirection A code: 05B8Direction B code: 05B8Fade simulator is inserted in the 140-MHz IF path. RCV input level is at nominal − 40 dBm.Direction ASee Table C-2 and Table C-3 for the results of this test for Direction A.Direction Rx Input (dBm) AtA−90 BER = 1E-6−94 BER = 1E-3−96 Sync loss−95 Re-acquisitionB−89 BER = 1E-6−93 BER = 1E-3−96 Sync loss−95 Re-acquisition
144 Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1• • • •••Table C-2 Direction A, minimal phaseTable C-3Direction A, non-minimal phaseDFM = 62.17 dB for BER = 1E-6DFM = 70.26 dB for BER = 1E-3See Figure C-3 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6, and Figure C-4 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3.Notch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition40 at 135.7 MHz136 24.0 40 at 135.1 MHz138 29.3 33.1 > 40 > 40140 33.4 36.4 > 40 > 40142 27.1 32.0 > 40 > 40144 30.0 40 at 142.7 MHz40 at 144.4 MHzNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition40 at 135.9 MHz136 39.0138 34.7 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0140 > 40 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0142 28.0 34 > 40.0 > 40.0144 40 40 at 142.6 MHz
Aurora 5800145 • • • •••Figure C-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction AFigure C-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A
146 Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1• • • •••Direction BSee Table C-4 and Table C-5 for the results of this test for Direction B.Table C-4 Direction B, minimal phaseTable C-5 Direction B, non-minimal phaseDFM = 66.91 dB for BER = 1E-6DFM = 71.05 dB for BER = 1E-3See Figure C-5 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6 and Figure C-6 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3.Notch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition40 at 135.9 MHz136 39.0138 34.7 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0140 > 40 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0142 28.0 34 > 40.0 > 40.0144 40 40 at 142.6 MHzNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition136 40 at 136.2 MHz138 39.1 > 40 > 40 > 40140 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40142 33.3 > 40 > 40 > 40144 40 at 143.6 MHz
Aurora 5800147 • • • •••Figure C-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction BFigure C-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B
148 Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1• • • •••Dynamic FadingSweep Notch Depth RangeTable C-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec)Sweep Notch FrequencyTable C-7 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec)Flat FadingSweep for ultimate error-free attenuation range (flat fading), elapse time: 0.1 sec.Note: Attenuation is inserted in the IF path. RF AGC is disabled. Only the dynamic performance of the IF AGC is tested.Direction A: 0 to 65 dBDirection B: 0 to 65 dBNotch Frequency (MHz)Direction A Notch Depth(dB) Direction B Notch Depth(dB)MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase135.0 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40140.0 0 to 33 0 to 40 0 to 32 0 to 40145.0 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40Notch Frequency (MHz)Direction A Notch Depth(dB) Direction B Notch Depth(dB)MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase115 to 165 23.0 27.0 28.0 32.0
Aurora 5800149 • • • •••Interference PerformanceThe effect of an interfering signal into a digital radio receiver is characterized by a 1 dB degradation in the BER = 1 × 10 -6 (static) and 1 × 10 -3 (outage) thresholds. The standard for this characteristic is the threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio, as defined in EIA/TIA Document TSB-10-F. [5]The test was performed for sinewave (narrowband) interference and for like signal (wideband) interference. The method used in this test follows the TIA Bulletin TSB-10-F Standard T/I measurement recommendation.The C/I uses nominal receiver input level (− 40 dBm), and then interference is injected to get a BER of 10-6. C/I is the ratio of the signal to interference ratio at this point, measured in direction A only.Narrowband InterferenceFigure C-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset
150 Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1• • • •••Figure C-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offsetWideband InterferenceFigure C-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8)
Aurora 5800151 • • • •••Figure C-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 0247)Figure C-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset
152 Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1• • • •••Jitter PerformanceInput Jitter ToleranceHDB3 input ports were tested according to ITU-T Rec. G.823, Table 2 (215 −1 pseudorandom test signal used).Table C-8 Test results, input jitter toleranceThe input jitter tolerance complies with Figure 3/G.823 and Table 2/G.823 requirements.Output Jitter The output jitter complies with Figure 4/G.823 and Table 3/G.921 (same pseudorandom test signal used as in preceding test). The output jitter in the absence of input jitter frequency in the range f0 to f4, is less than 0.1 UIp-p; Table 3/G.921 allows for 0.2 UIp-p.Jitter GainThe jitter gain in the frequency range, f0 to f4, is far below (worst case, − 4 dB) the limit of 3 dB specified in Section 1.3.2.3/G.921.Test Frequency Jitter Frequency(Hz)Tolerable Input Jitter(UIp-p)G.823 Lower Limit(UIp-p)f01.2 ×10-5> 40 36.9f120 10 1.5f22.4 k 10 1.5f318 k 3.6 0.2f4100 k 0.7 0.2
Aurora 5800153 • • • •••Jitter Transfer CharacteristicTable C-9 shows that test results exceeded the standards of Figure 4/G.823 and AT&T 62411.Table C-9 Test results, jitter transfer characteristicEnvironmental PerformanceTemperature PerformanceLong-Term Error PerformanceReceiver input level is set at the nominal − 40 dBm at room temperature. Both transmitter and receiver achieved error-free performance over temperature cycling for 0oC to +50oC for continuous 8-hour testing.Test Frequency Jitter Frequency(Hz) Jitter Attenuation(dB)AT&T 62411 Upper Limit (dB)f01.2 × 10-54.0 0f520 28.0 0f62 k 45.0 40> 2 k > 45.0 40Temperature(°C) Tx Power(dBm) Rx Threshold(dBm)019.2−9125 19.0−8950 18.7−88.5
154 Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1• • • •••Power Consumption MeasurementInput: 110 VACPower consumed: 21 watts
Aurora 5800155 • • • ••• Appendix D• • • • • • Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1This appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests.Refer to Appendix A for RF filter response graphs.Transmitter RF TestTransmit RF Spectrum (FCC Part 15.247)Figure D-1 Transmit RF spectrum
156 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1• • • •••Receiver TestsTest SetupFigure D-2 Receiver test setupDirection Transmit ReceiveA Radio 1 at 5741 MHz Radio 2 at 5741 MHzB Radio 2 at 5803 MHz Radio 1 at 5803 MHz40 to 130 dBRadio 1 Variable Attenuator Radio 2BERT BERT
Aurora 5800157 • • • •••Receiver SensitivityCode used: 05B8Requirement: Input threshold at BER 10-6 ≤ −85 dBmResults: Both directions use same spread sequence.Table D-1 Receiver sensitivityDispersive Fade MarginTest ConditionsDirection A code: 05B8Direction B code: 05B8Fade simulator is inserted in the 140-MHz IF path. RCV input level is at nominal − 40 dBm.Direction Rx Input (dBm) AtA−90 BER = 1E-6−95 Sync loss−94 Re-acquisitionB−89 BER = 1E-6−94 Sync loss−93 Re-acquisition
158 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1• • • •••Direction ASee Table D-2 and Table D-3 for the results of this test for Direction A.Table D-2 Direction A, minimal phaseTable D-3 Direction A, non-minimal phaseNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition134 40.0136 28.0 > 40 > 40 > 40138 25.5 > 40 > 40 > 40140 29.5 > 40 > 40 > 40142 29.5 > 40 > 40 > 40144 31.5 > 40 > 40 > 40146 40 at 144.5 MHzNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition134 > 40136 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40138 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40140 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40142 34.0 > 40 > 40 > 40144 30.0 > 40 > 40 > 40146 40 at 144.8 MHz
Aurora 5800159 • • • •••DFM = 61.68 dB for BER = 1E-6DFM = 74.54 dB for BER = 1E-3See Figure D-3 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6, and Figure D-4 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3.Figure D-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction AFigure D-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A202530354045-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8Frequency Offset (MHz)Notch depth (dB)Min-PhaseNon-min Phase202530354045-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8Frequency Offset (MHz)Notch depth (dB)Min PhaseNon-min Phase
160 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1• • • •••Direction BSee Table D-4 and Table D-5 for the results of this test for Direction B.Table D-4 Direction B, minimal phaseTable D-5 Direction B, non-minimal phaseNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition134 40 at 134.5 MHz136 28.5 > 40 > 40 > 40138 40.0 > 40 > 40 > 40140 31.0 > 40 > 40 > 40142 31.0 > 40 > 40 > 40144 34.0 > 40 > 40 > 40146 40 at 144.6 MHzNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition134 > 40136 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40138 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40140 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40142 37.0 > 40 > 40 > 40144 39.0 > 40 > 40 > 40146 40 at 144.2 MHz
Aurora 5800161 • • • •••DFM = 66.27 dB for BER = 1E-6DFM = 74.54 dB for BER = 1E-3See Figure D-5 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6 and Figure D-6 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3.Figure D-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction BFigure D-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B202530354045-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8Frequency Offset (MHz)Notch depth (dB)Min PhaseNon-min Phase202530354045-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8Frequency Offset (MHz)Notch depth (dB)Min PhaseNon-min phase
162 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1• • • •••Dynamic FadingSweep Notch Depth RangeTable D-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec)Sweep Notch FrequencyTable D-7 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec)Flat FadingSweep for ultimate error-free attenuation range (flat fading), elapse time: 0.1 sec.Note: Attenuation is inserted in the IF path. RF AGC is disabled. Only the dynamic performance of the IF AGC is tested.Direction A: 0 to 62 dBDirection B: 0 to 64 dBNotch Frequency (MHz)Direction A Notch Depth(dB) Direction B Notch Depth(dB)MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase135.0 28.0 > 40 26.0 > 40140.0 30.0 > 40 31.0 > 40145.0 30.0 > 40 > 40 > 40Notch Frequency (MHz)Direction A Notch Depth(dB) Direction B Notch Depth(dB)MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase115 to 165 26.0 31.0 24.0 28.0
Aurora 5800163 • • • •••Interference PerformanceThe effect of an interfering signal into a digital radio receiver is characterized by a 1-dB degradation in the BER = 1 × 10-6 (static) and 1 × 10-3 (outage) thresholds. The standard for this characteristic is the threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio, as defined in EIA/TIA Document TSB-10-F. [5]The test was performed for sinewave (narrowband) interference and for like signal (wideband) interference. The method used in this test follows the TIA Bulletin TSB-10-F Standard T/I measurement recommendation.The C/I uses nominal receiver input level (− 40 dBm), and then interference is injected to get a BER of 10-6. C/I is the ratio of the signal to interference ratio at this point, measured in direction A only.
164 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1• • • •••Narrowband InterferenceFigure D-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset Figure D-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset-60-50-40-30-20-1001020-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Interference Frequency OffsetT/I (dB)T/I (dB)-60-50-40-30-20-10010-20-15-10-5 0 5 101520Interference Frequency OffsetC/I (dB)C/I (dB)
Aurora 5800165 • • • •••Wideband InterferenceFigure D-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8)Figure D-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 3F0C)Figure D-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset-20-15-10-5051015-30-25-20-15-10-5 0 5 1015202530Interference Frequency Offset (MHz)T/I (dB)T/I (dB)-20-15-10-5051015-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30Interference Frequency OffsetT/I (dB)T/I (dB)-20-15-10-505-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30Interference Frequency Offset (MHz)C/I (dB)C/I (dB)
166 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1• • • •••FCC Part 15, Compliance Processing Gain Performance TestTest method recommended by FCC 97-114 is the CW Jamming Margin Method.Test SetupTest setup is shown in Figure D-12.Figure D-12 Processing gain test setupCharacteristic ValueData rate 2T1 (3.208 Mb/s)Chip rate 11 chips/bitDesigned processing gain 10.4 dBHP37701A Communications AnalyzerTransmitter Variable AttenuatorVariable AttenuatorComb/Splitter Comb/SplitterHP8648C Signal GeneratorHP435B Power MeterReceiverData InData Out
Aurora 5800167 • • • •••Jamming Margin (J/S Ratio) (for BER 10-5)The test was performed in Direction B. 50-kHz increments were used in this test; the worst 20% were discarded. See Table D-8.After the worst 20% (64 points marked with (x)) were discarded, the lowest J/S ratio was −1.2 dB (marked with (**)).Hence Mj = −1.2 dB.The S/N ratio for ideal noncoherent receiver is calculated from Pe = ½ e(-½ (S/N)o ),where Pe = 10-5. Hence (S/N)o = 13.3 dB.The processing gain can be calculated asGp = (S/N)o + Mj + Lsyswhere Lsys = System Loss.No more than 2-dB loss is allowed (we assumed 0 dB).Hence Gp = 13.3 − 1.2 + 0.0 = 12.1 dB, better than the designed coding gain of 10.4 dB and better than the FCC’s minimum requirement of 10 dB.
168 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1• • • •••Table D-8 Jamming margin (J/S ratio) (for BER 10-5) for 2T1Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB)−10.00 0.4−8.00−1.2−6.00 (x) −1.6− 4.00 (x) −1.5.05 0.4 .05−1.1 .05 (x) −1.6 .05 (x) −1.4.10 0.4 .10−1.2 .10 (x) −1.7 .10 (x) −1.3.15 0.4 .15 (x) −1.3 .15 (x) −1.7 .15 (x) −1.3.20 0.4 .20 (x) −1.7 .20 (x) −1.7 .20 (x) −1.3.25 0.4 .25 (x) −1.5 .25 (x) −1.7 .25 (x) −1.3.30 0.5 .30 (x) −1.6 .30 (x) −1.7 .30 (x) −1.3.35 0.4 .35 (x) −1.7 .35 (x) −1.5 .35 (x) −1.3.40 0.3 .40 (x) −1.8 .40 (x) −1.4 .40 (x) −1.3.45 0.3 .45 (x) −1.7 .45 (x) −1.3 .45 (x) −1.4.50 0.3 .50 (x) −1.7 .50−1.2 .50 (x) −1.5.55 0.3 .55 (x) −1.8 .55−1.2 .55 (x) −1.2.60 0.3 .60 (x) −1.8 .60 (x) −1.3 .60−1.0.65 0.3 .65 (x) −1.8 .65 (x) −1.3 .65−1.0.70 0.3 .70 (x) −1.8 .70−1.2 .70−0.9.75 0.4 .75 (x) −1.6 .75−1.2 .75−0.8.80 0.5 .80 (x) −1.5 .80 (x) −1.6 .80−0.5.85 0.4 .85 (x) −1.5 .85 (x) −1.5 .85−0.6.90 0.3 .90 (x) −1.4 .90 (x) −1.3 .90−0.7.95 0.2 .95 (x) −1.4 .95 (x) −1.5 .95−0.8−9.00 0.1−7.00 (x) −1.3−5.00 (x) −1.6−3.00−0.9.05−0.1 .05 (x) −1.3 .05 (x) −1.6 .05−0.9.10−0.1 .10−1.0 .10 (x) −1.6 .10−0.9.15−0.2 .15−1.1 .15 (x) −1.5 .15−1.0.20−0.2 .20−1.1 .20 (x) −1.6 .20 (x) −1.2.25−0.1 .25−1.2 .25 (x) −1.7 .25 (x) −1.2.30−0.1 .30(**) −1.2.30 (x) −1.7 .30 (x) −1.2.35−0.1 .35−1.1 .35 (x) −1.6 .35−1.1.40 0.0 .40−1.1 .40 (x) −1.6 .40−1.0.45−0.1 .45 (x) −1.3 .45 (x) −1.6 .45−1.0.50−0.2 .50 (x) −1.4 .50 (x) −1.6 .50−0.9.55−0.2 .55 (x) −1.3 .55 (x) −1.7 .55−0.6.60−0.3 .60 (x) −1.4 .60 (x) −1.7 .60−0.3.65−0.3 .65 (x) −1.6 .65 (x) −1.6 .65−0.5.70−0.4 .70 (x) −1.7 .70 (x) −1.7 .70−0.7.75−0.4 .75 (x) −1.7 .75 (x) −1.3 .75−0.4.80−0.4 .80 (x) −1.7 .80−0.7 .80−0.3.85−0.4 .85 (x) −1.5 .85 (x) −1.6 .85−0.2.90−0.6 .90 (x) −1.4 .90 (x) −1.9 .90−0.1.95−0.6 .95 (x) −1.5 .95 (x) −1.7 .95−0.1
Aurora 5800169 • • • •••−2.00−0.1 0.00 1.0 +2.00 1.3 + 4.00 1.5.05−0.2 .05 0.9 .05 1.3 .05 1.6.10−0.3 .10 0.9 .10 1.4 .10 1.5.15−0.2 .15 0.8 .15 1.3 .15 1.4.20−0.1 .20 0.7 .20 1.3 .20 1.5.25−0.1 .25 0.9 .25 1.3 .25 1.4.30−0.1 .30 1.1 .30 1.3 .30 1.3.35 0.0 .35 0.9 .35 1.4 .35 1.3.40 0.1 .40 0.8 .40 1.2 .40 1.2.45 0.0 .45 1.0 .45 1.2 .45 1.2.50 0.0 .50 1.2 .50 1.3 .50 1.1.55−0.2 .55 1.1 .55 1.1 .55 1.1.60−0.4 .60 1.0 .60 1.0 .60 1.2.65−0.4 .65 1.0 .65 1.1 .65 1.2.70−0.4 .70 1.0 .70 1.2 .70 1.2.75−0.5 .75 0.9 .75 1.3 .75 1.3.80−0.7 .80 0.8 .80 1.4 .80 1.4.85−0.7 .85 0.6 .85 1.2 .85 1.4.90−0.7 .90 0.4 .90 1.3 .90 1.5.95−0.4 .95−0.1 .95 1.4 .95 1.4−1.00−0.2 +1.00−0.2 +3.00 1.5 +5.00 1.3.05 −0.2 .05−0.1 .05 1.5 .05 1.7.10 −0.1 .10−0.6 .10 1.5 .10 1.8.15 0.0 .15 0.1 .15 1.5 .15 1.7.20 0.1 .20 0.2 .20 1.6 .20 1.7.25 0.2 .25 0.3 .25 1.7 .25 1.7.30 0.3 .30 0.4 .30 1.6 .30 1.6.35 0.3 .35 0.5 .35 1.5 .35 1.8.40 0.4 .40 0.7 .40 1.6 .40 2.0.45 0.5 .45 0.8 .45 1.6 .45 1.7.50 0.6 .50 1.0 .50 1.6 .50 1.6.55 0.4 .55 1.0 .55 1.7 .55 1.7.60 0.2 .60 1.1 .60 1.8 .60 1.6.65 0.3 .65 0.6 .65 1.7 .65 1.6.70 0.5 .70 0.3 .70 1.8 .70 1.7.75 0.7 .75 0.5 .75 1.6 .75 1.8.80 0.9 .80 1.1 .80 1.7 .80 1.8.85 0.8 .85 1.1 .85 1.7 .85 1.7.90 0.7 .90 1.1 .90 1.8 .90 1.8.95 0.8 .95 1.2 .95 1.7 .95 1.8Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB)
170 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1• • • •••Jitter Transfer FunctionFigure D-13 Jitter transfer (DS1)+6.00 1.8+7.00 3.2+8.00 3.8+9.00 6.7.05 1.8 .05 3.1 .05 4.1 .05 6.8.10 1.8 .10 3.0 .10 4.6 .10 7.1.15 2.0 .15 3.0 .15 5.2 .15 7.2.20 2.1 .20 3.0 .20 6.0 .20 7.4.25 2.0 .25 3.1 .25 6.0 .25 7.4.30 1.9 .30 3.1 .30 5.2 .30 7.3.35 1.9 .35 2.8 .35 5.3 .35 7.7.40 1.9 .40 2.5 .40 5.5 .40 7.9.45 2.2 .45 2.6 .45 5.6 .45 8.0.50 2.6 .50 2.8 .50 5.7 .50 6.9.55 2.5 .55 2.5 .55 5.7 .55 8.2.60 2.5 .60 2.2 .60 5.8 .60 8.0.65 2.7 .65 2.4 .65 5.8 .65 8.1.70 3.0 .70 2.5 .70 5.9 .70 8.2.75 2.9 .75 3.0 .75 6.0 .75 8.8.80 2.7 .80 3.3 .80 6.2 .809.2.85 2.7 .85 3.3 .85 6.4 .859.2.90 2.8 .90 3.2 .90 6.6 .909.2.95 2.9 .95 3.5 .95 6.6 .959.8+10.00 10.2Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB) Freq. Offset(MHz) J/S(dB)
Aurora 5800171 • • • •••Environmental PerformanceTemperature PerformanceDirection B, Code: 05B8Long-Term Error PerformanceReceiver input level is set at the nominal − 40 dBm at room temperature. Both transmitter and receiver achieved error-free performance over temperature cycling for 0oC to +50oC for continuous 8-hour testing.Power Consumption MeasurementInput: 110 VACPower consumed: 21 wattsTemperature(°C) Tx Power(dBm) Rx Threshold(dBm)019.2−9025 19.0−8950 18.7−87.5
172 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1• • • •••This page intentionally blank.
Aurora 5800173 • • • ••• Appendix E• • • • • • Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1This appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests.Refer to Appendix A for RF filter response graphs.Transmitter RF TestTransmit RF SpectrumFigure E-1 Transmit RF spectrum
174 Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1• • • •••Receiver TestsTest SetupFigure E-2 Receiver test setupReceiver SensitivityCode used: 05B8Requirement:Input threshold at BER 10-6 ≤ −85 dBmResults: Both directions use same spread sequence.Direction Transmit ReceiveA Radio 1 at 5772 MHz Radio 2 at 5772 MHzB Radio 2 at 5834 MHz Radio 1 at 5834 MHz40 to 130 dBRadio 1 Variable Attenuator Radio 2BERT BERT
Aurora 5800175 • • • •••Table E-1 Receiver sensitivityDispersive Fade MarginTest ConditionsDirection A code: 05B8Direction B code: 05B8Fade simulator is inserted in the 140-MHz IF path. RCV input level is at nominal - 40 dBm.Direction ASee Table E-2 and Table E-3 for the results of this test for Direction A.Direction Rx Input (dBm) AtA−88 BER = 1E-6−93 Sync loss−92 Re-acquisitionB−87 BER = 1E-6−93Sync loss−92Re-acquisition
176 Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1• • • •••Table E-2 Direction A, minimal phaseTable E-3 Direction A, non-minimal phaseNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition132 40 at 132.4 MHz134 32.8 > 40136 28.5 33.0 > 40 > 40138 25.0 29.0 > 40 > 40140 26.0 30.0 > 40 > 40142 23.7 32.0 > 40 > 40144 20.5 > 40 > 40 > 40146 20.4148 30.040 at 149.5 MHzNotch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition132 > 40134 > 40136 > 40 > 40138 > 40 > 40140 > 40 > 40142 22.2 > 40144 19.4 > 40146 18.0148 22.040 at 149 MHz
Aurora 5800177 • • • •••DFM = 51.6 dB for BER = 1E-6DFM = 63.01 dB for BER = 1E-3See Figure E-3 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6, and Figure E-4 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3.Figure E-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction AFigure E-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A
178 Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1• • • •••Direction BSee Table E-4 and Table E-5 for the results of this test for Direction B.Table E-4 Direction B, minimal phaseTable E-5 Direction B, non-minimal phaseDFM = 67.34 dB for BER = 1E-6DFM = 76.3 dB for BER = 1E-3Notch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition136 > 40138 > 40 > 40140 > 40 > 40142 33 > 40144 36146 > 40Notch Frequency (MHz)Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-6Notch Depth(dB)at BER 1E-3Notch Depth(dB)at Sync LossNotch Depth(dB)at Re-acquisition136 > 40138 > 40 > 40140 > 40 > 40142 39 > 40144 25146 > 40
Aurora 5800179 • • • •••See Figure E-5 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6 and Figure E-6 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3.Figure E-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction BFigure E-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B
180 Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1• • • •••Dynamic FadingSweep Notch Depth RangeTable E-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec)Sweep Notch FrequencyTable E-7 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec)Flat FadingSweep for ultimate error-free attenuation range (flat fading), elapse time: 0.1 sec.Note: Attenuation is inserted in the IF path. RF AGC is disabled. Only the dynamic performance of the IF AGC is tested.Direction A: 0 to 61 dBDirection B: 0 to 62 dBNotch Frequency (MHz)Direction A Notch Depth(dB) Direction B Notch Depth(dB)MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase135.0 0 to 31 0 to > 40 0 to 24 0 to > 40140.0 0 to 27 0 to > 40 0 to 29 0 to > 40145.0 0 to 18 0 to 18 0 to 31 0 to 25Notch Frequency (MHz)Direction A Notch Depth(dB) Direction B Notch Depth(dB)MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase MinimalPhase Non-minimal Phase115 to 165 19.0 19.0 22.0 24.0
Aurora 5800181 • • • •••Interference PerformanceThe effect of an interfering signal into a digital radio receiver is characterized by a 1-dB degradation in the BER = 1 × 10 -6 (static) and 1 × 10 -3 (outage) thresholds. The standard for this characteristic is the threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio, as defined in EIA/TIA Document TSB-10-F. [Ref 5]The test was performed for sinewave (narrowband) interference and for like signal (wideband) interference. The method used in this test follows the TIA Bulletin TSB-10-F Standard T/I measurement recommendation.The C/I uses nominal receiver input level (− 40 dBm), and then interference is injected to get a BER of 10-6. C/I is the ratio of the signal to interference ratio at this point, measured in direction A only.See Figure E-7 to Figure E-11.
182 Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1• • • •••Narrowband InterferenceFigure E-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offsetFigure E-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset
Aurora 5800183 • • • •••Wideband InterferenceFigure E-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8)Figure E-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 0247)
184 Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1• • • •••Figure E-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset
Aurora 5800185 • • • •••Jitter PerformanceInput Jitter ToleranceHDB3 input ports were tested according to ITU-T Rec. G.823, Table 2 (215 -1 pseudorandom test signal used).Table E-8 Test results, input jitter toleranceThe input jitter tolerance complies with Figure 3/G.823 and Table 2/G.823 requirements.Output Jitter The output jitter complies with Figure 4/G.823 and Table 3/G.921 (same pseudorandom test signal used as in preceding test). The output jitter in the absence of input jitter frequency in the range f0 to f4, is less than 0.1 UIp-p; Table 3/G.921 allows for 0.2 UIp-p.Jitter GainThe jitter gain in the frequency range, f0 to f4, is far below (worst case, − 4 dB) the limit of 3 dB specified in Section 1.3.2.3/G.921.Test Frequency Jitter Frequency(Hz)Tolerable Input Jitter(UIp-p)G.823 Lower Limit(UIp-p)f01.2 ×10-5> 40 36.9f120 10 1.5f22.4 k 10 1.5f318 k 3.6 0.2f4100 k 0.7 0.2
186 Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1• • • •••Jitter Transfer CharacteristicTable E-9 shows that test results exceeded the standards of Figure 4/G.823 and AT&T 62411.Table E-9 Test results, jitter transfer characteristicEnvironmental PerformanceTemperature PerformanceLong-Term Error PerformanceReceiver input level is set at the nominal − 40 dBm at room temperature. Both transmitter and receiver achieved error-free performance over temperature cycling for 0oC to +50oC for continuous 8-hour testing.Test Frequency Jitter Frequency(Hz) Jitter Attenuation(dB)AT&T 62411 Upper Limit (dB)f01.2 × 10-54.0 0f520 28.0 0f62 k 45.0 40> 2 k > 45.0 40Temperature(°C) Tx Power(dBm) Rx Threshold(dBm)019.2−8925 19.0−8850 18.7−87.5
Aurora 5800187 • • • ••• Appendix F• • • • • • FormsService Registration FormRapid Request for Return Material Authorization (RMA)Harris MCD Instruction Manual Survey
188 Appendix F Forms• • • •••This page intentionally blank.
Harris Microwave Communications DivisionService Registration FormTo facilitate warranty support and to receive product update information, please complete and return this form to our customer service department.By fax: 514-421-3555By e-mail:crcmtl@harris.comBy mail:Harris CorporationMicrowave Communications Division3 Hotel de VilleDollard-des-Ormeaux, QuebecCANADA H9B 3G4Attention: Customer Resource CenterThe Customer Resource Center is available on the internet at http://www.microwave.harris.com/cservice/.Please print:Company Name: _____________________________________Requester’s Name: ___________________________________Title________________________________________________ Dept. _____________________________AddressCity_________________________________________ State/Province_____________________________ZIP/Postal Code ______________________________ Country__________________________________Telephone Number ____________________________ Fax Number ______________________________E-mail_______________________________________Original Sales Order/PO Number________________(Sales order number is found in your documentation and on the equipment rack base plate.)
Harris Microwave Communications DivisionRapid Request for Return Material Authorization (RMA)Service Locations:5727 Farinon Drive or 3, Hotel de Ville, Dollard-des-OrmeauxSan Antonio, TX 78249, USA Quebec, CANADA H9B 3G4Tel: 1-800-227-8332 or 1-800-465-4654, (+1) 514-421-8333Fax: (+1) 514-421-3555The Customer Resource Center is available on the internet at http://www.microwave.harris.com/cservice/.Company Name:_____________________________ Phone: ______________________________________Requester’s Name: __________________________ Fax:_________________________________________Billing Address Shipping Address____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________Service Requested: [ ] Repair [ ] ExchangeRequested Repair Urgency: [ ] Standard [ ] ExpediteWarranty Status: [ ] IN-WARR (Provide Sales Order No.) _______________________________[ ] NON-WARR (Provide Purchase Order No.) _________________________Requested Mode of Shipment: [ ] Standard Service [ ] 2nd Day Air [ ] OvernightNOTE: IN-WARRANTY UNITS are returned via STANDARD SERVICE only. Please provide COURIER ACCOUNT NUMBER if faster delivery is required.________________________________________________________________SD Number and Options Part Description Problem/Service Required________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________Special Instructions_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Please do not write below this spaceDate Form Received: ____________________ Rec by: _________________________ Your RMA # is: ________Repair/Exchange Price: Item 1_______________________ Item 4 _______________________Item 2_______________________ Item 5 _______________________Item 3_______________________ Item 6 _______________________
Harris MCD Instruction Manual Survey1. Overall, taking everything into account, how would you rate this Harris MCD instruction manual (IM)? (check one box)Excellent FairVery Good PoorGood2. How do you think this Harris MCD IM compares with the instruction manuals provided by other manufacturers of microwave radio assemblies? (check one box)Better than other instruction manuals.About the same as other instruction manuals.Worse than other instruction manuals.3. If you have the printed version of the Harris MCD IM, please rate the following characteristics. (check one box per characteristic)VeryExcellent Good Good Fair PoorBindingSection tabsPrintingType styleText formatPage layout4. If you have the CD-ROM version of the Harris MCD IM, please rate the following characteristics. (check one box per characteristic)VeryExcellent Good Good Fair PoorEase of installationHypertext linksLegibilityText formatPage layout5. Using the same scale as in question 3 or 4, please rate each of the following characteristics as they relate to the context of this Harris MCD IM. (check one box per characteristic)VeryExcellent Good Good Fair PoorOrganizationClarityCompletenessCorrectness6. Using the same scale once again, please rate each of the following characteristics as they relate to the diagrams, illustrations, charts, graphs, tables, and figures in this Harris MCD IM. (check one box per characteristic)VeryExcellent Good Good Fair PoorOrganizationClarityCompletenessCorrectness7. Please rate the following sections of this Harris MCD IM. (check one box per characteristic)VeryExcellent Good Good Fair PoorTable of contentsGeneral informationInstallation sectionOperation procedureAlignment sectionRoutine maintenanceTrouble isolationUnit replacementAppendixesIndex8. What is there about this Harris MCD IM that you like? (please be specific)9. On the other hand, what is there about this Harris MCD IM that you dislike? (please be specific)10. Which of the following comes closest to describing your title? (check one box)Technician Communications TechEngineer Operations ManagerOther (specify): Please complete the following information.After completing this form, fold (see reverse side), seal, and mail to Harris MCD. No postage required if mailed in the United States.IM Part No.: Issue:Product:Your Name:Your Title:Company:Address:
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Aurora 5800195 • • • ••• • • • • • • GlossaryACAlternating Current.ACUAntenna Coupling Unit.A/DAnalog to Digital.ADPCMAdaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation.AGCAutomatic Gain Control; automatic gain adjustment of a varying input signal level to produce a constant output signal level.AISAlarm Indication Signal.ALCAutomatic Level Control.AMIAlternate Mark Inversion.
196 Glossary• • • •••ANSIAmerican National Standards Institute.antenna feed systemA system that transports signals from the output terminal of the transmitter to the antenna or to the antenna radiator. It usually consists of the transmitter-antenna feed connector, the antenna feed, and the antenna mechanical structure, such as a tower, mast, and radiator support, and does not include the antenna or the radiator and reflector, if any.B8ZSBipolar with Eight Zero Substitution.basebandA frequency band occupied by a modulating information signal.BellcoreBell Communications Research, Inc. (source of telephony standards in the U.S.A.).BERBit Error Ratio.BERTBit Error Ratio Tester.BPFBandPass Filter.BSCBase Station Controller.BWBandWidth.
Aurora 5800197 • • • •••CANController Area Network, an interface standard (ISO 11898) for interconnecting microcontrollers.CEPTConference Européen des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications.C/ICarrier-to-Interference (ratio).CITCraft Interface Terminal.CRCCustomer Resource Center.CWContinuous Wave.DCDirect Current.demuxdemultiplexer.DFMDispersive Fade Margin.DIPDual In-line Package (switch).directivityThe distribution in space of the energy radiated by an antenna.
198 Glossary• • • •••DMMDigital MultiMeter.DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying.DSSSDirect Sequence Spread Spectrum.D-subminiature connectorsThe size of the D-subminiature connector is specified by the standard shell size and the number of connectors. For example, a 15-pin connector is referred to as a DA-15. See the following table.DTEData Terminal Equipment.EEPROMElectronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory.EIAElectronic Industries Association.EIRPEffective Isotropic Radiated Power.Standard Shell Size No. of ConnectorsE9A15B25C37D50
Aurora 5800199 • • • •••ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute.FarScanHarris’ network management system software.FCCFederal Communications Commission (U.S.).FMFade Margin; Frequency Modulation.FPGAField-Programmable Gate Array.hopThe span between a transmitter and a receiver.IFIntermediate Frequency; frequency below the radio frequency.IMInstruction Manual.ISMIndustrial, Scientific, and Medical.ISOInternational Organization for Standardization.ITUInternational Telecommunication Union.
200 Glossary• • • •••J/SJamming-to-Signal (ratio).LANLocal Area Network.LEDLight-Emitting Diode.LNALow-Noise Amplifier.LOLocal Oscillator.LOSLoss Of input data Signal.MCDMicrowave Communications Division, formerly Farinon Division.MCUMicroController Unit.MMICMicrowave Monolithic Integrated Circuit.MSCMobile Switch Center.MTBFMean Time Between Failures.muxmultiplexer.
Aurora 5800201 • • • •••NCNormally Closed.NCONumerically Controlled Oscillator.NMSNetwork Management System.NONormally Open.NRZNonReturn to Zero (coding).OEMOriginal Equipment Manufacturer.PAPower Amplifier.PCBPrinted Circuit Board.PCNPersonal Communications Network.PCSPersonal Communications Service.PLLPhase-Locked Loop.PNPseudo-random Number.
202 Glossary• • • •••QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying.RFRadio Frequency.RMAReturn Material Authorization.RMSRack-Mounting Space.ROMRead-Only Memory.RSLReceived Signal Level.RSSIReceive Signal Strength Indicator.RXReceiver.SAWSurface Acoustic Wave.SCANSystem Control And Alarm Network. Harris’ proprietary standard for sending alarm/status/control messages over a serial port.SDSchematic Drawing.
Aurora 5800203 • • • •••SESRSevere Errored-Second Ratio.SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol.SPSCSpare Products Support Center.TCXOTemperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator.T/IThreshold-to Interference (ratio).TIATelecommunication Industries Association.TXTransmitter.VCOVoltage-Controlled Oscillator.VGAVariable Gain Amplifier.WANWide Area Network.XOCrystal Oscillator.
204 Glossary• • • •••This page intentionally blank.
Aurora 5800205 • • • ••• • • • • • • References1. Docherty, “Why Microwave Makes Sense for Short Haul Transport in Cities”, 5/96, Harris Technical Doc. No. 117.2. R. U. Laine and A. R. Lunan, “Digital Microwave Link Engineering–Performance Definitions and Objectives”, ENTELEC ’94, San Antonio, TX, 3/94. Harris Technical Doc. No. 215.3. A. R. Lunan, W. Shaw, “Aurora 2400 Multipath Reliability and Distance Charts”, 8/98, Harris Technical Doc. No. 220.4. StarLink personal computer program for the Windows operating system, available free of charge from Harris Corporation. See www.harris.com, Microwave Communications/StarLink Internet page.5. TIA/EIA Telecommunications Systems Bulletin TSB-10-F, “Interference Criteria for Microwave Systems”, Washington, DC, 5/95.
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Aurora 5800207 • • • ••• • • • • • •IndexAacquisition time 58address, to order spare parts 104alarm and status levels 90loss of signal 90alarm port 29antennaalignment 80cable selection 79connector 27cross-polarized 49dual-polarized 49flat panel 75parabolic 52performance 75selection criteria 75single-polarized 49site selection 77Antenna Diplexer 32, 40antenna feed system 49antenna/diplexerfrequency spacing 61specifications 61antennas, cost savings 76Aurora 5800 23back view 27front view 25
208 Index• • • •••Bbackside interference 50blocking arrangement 52built-in diagnostics 69CCAN microcontroller 35carrier-to-interference ratio 49, 51cellular system 23chip rate 59CIT 23interface 57pinout 30port 34COMM port connection 92configuration button 91correlated path fading 51Customer Resource Center 21Customer Service Center locations 20customer training 22, 108Ddamages, limitation of 110data capacity 62DATA port 34, 102pinouts 30deployment, urban areas 71diagnostics, built-in 69direct sequence spread spectrum 23directivity 75dispersive fade margin 59, 762E1 1752T1 157T1 126test 143Down Converter 32, 39nominal frequencies 40dynamic fading2E1 1802T1 162E1 148T1 131EE1 jitter 66pulse shape 65specifications 65environmental specifications 69environmental test2E1 1862T1 171E1 153T1 140evaluation fee 105Ffade margin 83FarScan 23, 24, 101flat fading2E1 1802T1 162E1 148T1 132formInstruction Manual Survey 193RMA 191Service Registration 189frequencydialog box 93pairs 23plan 43, 58
Aurora 5800209 • • • •••Ggain 75HHarris MCD Instruction Manual Survey 187hubbing examples 52hubbing network 50hybrid couplers 49Iindependent path fading 51input power connector 27interference 71, 100mitigating 72narrowband2E1 182E1 149wideband2E1 183E1 150interference mechanisms 50interference performance2E1 1812T1 163E1 149T1 132Internet addressHarris Corporation 22Internet service 23ISM frequency band 23Jjamming margin2T1 167T1 137jitterE1 66gain2E1 185E1 152input2E1 185E1 152output2E1 185E1 152performance testE1 152performance test, 2E1 185T1 63transfer characteristic2E1 186E1 153jitter transfer function2T1 170T1 140LLAN/WAN 23leased-line services 72LED indicators 68liability, Harris’ 110licensing procedureIndustry Canada 24licensing requirement 71link performance 76link reliability 77long-term error performance2E1 186E1 153T1 140, 171LOS alarm 99Low-Noise Amplifier 39
210 Index• • • •••Mmailing address, spare parts 104main window 89mechanical specifications 70modem 32block diagram 33DIP switch settings 38jumper settings 36module exchange 105MTBF 59multihop network 49multihopping and hubbing links 48Nnarrowband interference2T1 164T1 133network management systems channel 23network planning 49Ooutdoor installation 24output power dialog box 94Pparallel-path arrangement 49path clearance 77PCS/PCN system 23point-to-point configuration 24, 45point-to-point path analysis 81polarization 76ports 68power adjust 71Power Amplifier 39power consumption2T1 171E1 154T1 140power specifications 69Power Supply 32processing gain performance test2T1 166T1 136product support 103programmability 68protection channel 49protection planning 77pseudo-random number 44Rrack spacing requirement 85RBER 72, 73received signal level 83receiverlevel 60specifications 60receiver sensitivity2T1 157T1 125receiver test setup2E1 1742T1 156E1 142T1 124reliability standards 73repair and return 19, 104repair service locations 107repeater configuration 24, 46repeaters 49return freight 106
Aurora 5800211 • • • •••return material authorization 106RJ-11 pinout 31RJ-48C pinout 28RMA Form 187Routine Maintenance Log form 187RS-232 29RSSIvoltage 80, 97, 98voltage table 80running the software 88RX ALM LED 98RX Low Noise Amplifier 32SSCAN channel 23Service Registration form 187, 189site selection 76SNMP manager 23SNMP network management 57software utilityhow to install 87monitor the built-in alarms and status indicators 87program 87spare parts ordering 104spread code dialog box 94spread sequence 44standard product warranty terms 108StarLink computer program 77sweep notch depth range2E1 1802T1 162E1 148sweep notch frequency2E1 180E1 148system gain 58TT1 jitter 63pulse shape 62specifications 62T1/E1 interface 28Technical Support 21temperature test2E1 1862T1 171E1 153T1 140test jacks 68training centers 22transmission delay 58transmit RF spectrum2T1 155T1 123transmitter specifications 59troubleshooting guideline 97TX ALM LED 98TX Power Amplifier 32TX power dialog box 94Uunrepairable units 105Upconverter 32, 39nominal frequencies 40utility program 87Vvoice orderwire 32voice orderwire channel 34, 35voice/data orderwire 23
212 Index• • • •••Wwideband interference2T1 165T1 134wireless access 23

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