Harris Farinon Division 9GKAUR5802T1-1 AURORA 5800 Spread Spectrum Microwave Radio System User Manual
Harris Corporation Farinon Division AURORA 5800 Spread Spectrum Microwave Radio System
Users Manual
Reference Aurora 5800 TM 5.8 GHz Digital Radio RMN-112862-E02 Issue 2, January 31, 2000 next level solutions Caveat Spread spectrum point-to-point radio relay links like Aurora’s are allowed by various regulatory agencies to operate unlicensed on a “noninterference basis”. Because of the unlicensed nature, the Aurora radios require neither frequency licensing nor prior coordination in most regions. Good engineering judgment needs to be exercised by the operator and professional installer to avoid selecting paths or locations near equipment or facilities that could generate interfering signals. Such equipment might include microwave ovens and other high-power ISM devices. Additionally, precaution should be taken when links are deployed in a region where a large number of other 5.8-GHz, point-to-point or point-to-multipoint links are installed. The Aurora installation software with its adjustable power feature is for professional installer use only, as mandated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC, Part 15) and the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETS 300-328). The customer version is provided with the adjustable power feature disengaged. Harris Corporation does not assume any liability or damage arising out of the application or misuse of this Aurora radio product and its software. Warranty Any warranties or conditions made herein by Harris are exclusive, made in lieu of all other warranties or conditions, express or implied (except to title) including, but not limited to, any implied warranty or condition of merchantability, any implied warranty or condition of fitness for a particular purpose, or any warranty or condition arising out of performance or custom or usage of trade. Customer acknowledges any circumstances causing any such exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose shall not affect any Harris warranty. Aurora 5800 contains no user-serviceable or replaceable parts. Limitation of Damages Harris’ total and maximum liability under this agreement, or in connection with the subject matter of this agreement, or any transaction related to this agreement, shall be limited to one-half (1/2) of the aggregate amount paid to Harris, regardless of the basis for such liability. The customer acknowledges and agrees that this section shall be enforceable in the event of any claim made in connection with this agreement, including, but not limited to, any claim for failure of delivery. In no event shall Harris be liable for any punitive, special, incidental, or consequential damages, including, but not limited to, lost profits, opportunities, or savings, or for any loss of use of, or loss of data or information of any kind, however caused, or for any full or partial loss of performance of any product, even if Harris has been advised of the possibility of such damages. We’re ISO certified. Copyright 2000, HARRIS CORPORATION. All rights reserved. Aurora is a trademark of the HARRIS CORPORATION. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. HARRIS CORPORATION Microwave Communications Division 350 Twin Dolphin Drive Redwood Shores, CA 94065-1421 http://www.microwave.harris.com Contents •••••• List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Customer Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Caveat .............................................................................. 19 Repair and Return .......................................................... 19 Service Center Locations .............................................. 20 U.S.A. ...................................................................................... 20 Canada .................................................................................... 20 Telephone and Fax Numbers ................................................. 20 Technical Support .......................................................... 21 Customer Resource Center ..................................................... 21 Business Hours ....................................................................... 21 Telephone Numbers ................................................................ 21 Fax Number ............................................................................. 21 Internet .................................................................................... 22 Customer Training .......................................................... 22 Telephone Number .................................................................. 22 Training Centers ...................................................................... 22 Canada .............................................................................. 22 U.S.A. ................................................................................ 22 Aurora 5800 • • • • • • CHAPTER 1, Introduction .......................................................... 23 Aurora 5800 Overview .................................................... 23 Related Publications ...................................................... 24 CHAPTER 2, Product Description ............................................ 25 Physical Description ...................................................... 25 Front View ............................................................................... 25 Back View ................................................................................ 27 DC Connector .......................................................................... 27 T1/E1 Line Interface ....................................................... 28 T1/E1 Interface Connector ...................................................... 28 Unbalanced E1 Interface ......................................................... 28 Alarm Port ................................................................................ 29 CIT Port ................................................................................... 30 DATA Port ............................................................................... 30 PHONE .................................................................................... 31 Hardware Assemblies .................................................... 32 Modem ..................................................................................... 32 Transmit Direction ............................................................. 32 Receive Direction .............................................................. 34 Jumper Settings ................................................................ 36 DIP Switch Settings ........................................................... 38 Upconverter and Power Amplifier ............................................ 39 Down Converter and Low-Noise Amplifier ............................... 39 Nominal Frequencies ............................................................... 40 Antenna Diplexer ..................................................................... 40 Aurora 5800 Block Diagram .................................................... 40 CHAPTER 3, System Description ............................................. 43 Frequency Plans ............................................................. 43 Coexistence with Other Radio Links ........................................ 43 Aurora Frequency Plan ............................................................ 43 • • • • • • Contents Spread Sequence Pseudo-random Number (PN) Selection ... 44 Aurora 5800 Radio Configurations ............................... 45 Point-to-Point Configuration .................................................... 45 Repeater Configuration ........................................................... 46 Multihop and Hubbing Arrangements .......................... 48 Network Planning .................................................................... 48 Parallel-Path Arrangement for Higher Capacity or Protection . 49 Multihop Networking Arrangement through Repeaters ............ 49 Hubbing (Star) Networking Arrangement Out of a Node ......... 50 Wanted and Unwanted Signal Path Antennas at a Hub Site ... 51 At the Same Elevation (correlated path fading) ................ 51 At Different Elevations (independent path fading) ............. 51 Hubbing Examples .................................................................. 52 Blocking Arrangement ....................................................... 52 Channel Assignments for the Long 2T1/E1 Paths ............ 53 Channel Assignments for the Short 1T1/E1 Paths ............ 53 Conclusion ............................................................................... 54 Harris MCD Service ................................................................. 55 CHAPTER 4, Technical Specifications ..................................... 57 Features .......................................................................... 57 Performance (One Hop) ................................................. 58 System Gain (at BER = 10-6) ..................................................... 58 Frequency Plan (Standard) ..................................................... 58 Acquisition Time ...................................................................... 58 Transmission Delay ................................................................. 58 Dispersive Fade Margin ........................................................... 59 MTBF ....................................................................................... 59 Transmitter ...................................................................... 59 Specifications 59 PN Code and Chip Rate .......................................................... 59 Receiver .......................................................................... 60 Specifications .......................................................................... 60 Aurora 5800 • • • 3 • • • Receiver Level .................................................................. 60 Receiver Level at 10-6 BER ............................................... 60 Antenna/Diplexer ............................................................ 61 Specifications .......................................................................... 61 Frequency Spacing .................................................................. 61 Digital Data Interface ...................................................... 62 Data Capacity .......................................................................... 62 T1 Specifications ..................................................................... 62 Pulse Shape ...................................................................... 62 Jitter .................................................................................. 63 E1 Specifications ..................................................................... 65 Pulse Shape ...................................................................... 65 Jitter .................................................................................. 66 Ports, Indicators, Test Points, and Alarms .................. 68 Ports ........................................................................................ 68 Programmability ................................................................ 68 Front-Panel LED Indicators ..................................................... 68 Front-Panel Test Jacks ............................................................ 68 Built-in Diagnostics (through RS-232) ..................................... 69 Power Specifications ..................................................... 69 Environmental Specifications ....................................... 69 Mechanical Specifications ............................................. 70 CHAPTER 5, Installation Planning ........................................... 71 General ............................................................................ 71 Caveat .............................................................................. 71 Interference ..................................................................... 71 Performance and Economic Considerations ............... 72 Antenna Installation ....................................................... 74 Antenna Selection .......................................................... 75 Antenna Selection Criteria ....................................................... 75 Directivity ........................................................................... 75 • • • • • • Contents Gain ................................................................................... 75 Polarization ....................................................................... 76 Site Selection .................................................................. 76 Link Performance .................................................................... 76 Path Clearance and Reliability ................................................ 77 Antenna Site Selection ............................................................ 77 Antenna Cable Selection ............................................... 79 Antenna Alignment ......................................................... 80 Typical RSSI Voltage versus Receiver Input Level ................. 80 Point-to-Point Path Analysis .................................................... 81 Examples of Transmission Distances ...................................... 84 Spacing Requirement ..................................................... 85 CHAPTER 6, Software Utility Program ..................................... 87 Aurora Software .............................................................. 87 Installing the Software ................................................... 87 Running the Software .................................................... 88 AURORA5800 Main Window .......................................... 88 Features 89 Status/Alarms .......................................................................... 90 Phone ...................................................................................... 90 Connection Configuration ............................................. 91 Connecting the COMM Port ........................................... 92 Frequency ....................................................................... 93 Spread Code ................................................................... 94 Tx Output Power ............................................................. 94 Set Alarm Level ....................................................................... 95 Set Power ................................................................................ 95 Tx Power Display ..................................................................... 95 Init Hardware ................................................................... 96 Quitting the AURORA5800 Program ............................. 96 Aurora 5800 • • • 5 • • • CHAPTER 7, Troubleshooting Guideline ................................. 97 General ............................................................................ 97 Power LED Off ................................................................ 98 TX Power Alarm .............................................................. 98 RX Data Alarm ................................................................ 98 Software Diagnosis ........................................................ 99 LOS Alarm ....................................................................... 99 Interference Resolution ............................................... 100 CHAPTER 8, Connecting to FarScan ..................................... 101 Introduction ................................................................... 101 Hardware Interface ....................................................... 102 Hardwire Connection ............................................................. 102 Modem Connection ............................................................... 102 Software Interface ........................................................ 102 For More Information ................................................... 102 CHAPTER 9, Customer Service and Warranty Information . 103 Warranty and Product Support ................................... 103 Ordering Spares ........................................................... 104 Repair and Return ........................................................ 104 Module Exchange ......................................................... 105 Evaluation Fee .............................................................. 105 Unrepairable Units ........................................................ 105 Return Freight ............................................................... 106 Return Material Authorization ..................................... 106 Repair Telephone and Fax Numbers .......................... 107 U.S.A. and Canada ................................................................ 107 • • • • • • Contents Repair Service Locations ............................................. 107 U.S.A. .................................................................................... 107 Canada .................................................................................. 107 Customer Training ........................................................ 108 Standard Product Warranty Terms ............................. 108 Limitation of Damages ................................................. 110 APPENDIX A, Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses 111 T1/E1 Diplexers ............................................................. 112 2T1/2E1 Diplexers ......................................................... 118 APPENDIX B, Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 123 Transmitter RF Test ...................................................... 123 Transmit RF Spectrum (FCC Part 15.247) ............................ 123 Receiver Tests .............................................................. 124 Test Setup ............................................................................. 124 Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................... 125 Dispersive Fade Margin ......................................................... 126 Test Conditions ............................................................... 126 Direction A ....................................................................... 126 Direction B ....................................................................... 128 Dynamic Fading ..................................................................... 131 Sweep Notch Depth Range ............................................. 131 Sweep Notch Frequency ................................................. 131 Flat Fading ...................................................................... 132 Interference Performance ...................................................... 132 Narrowband Interference ................................................ 133 Wideband Interference .................................................... 134 FCC Part 15, Compliance Processing Gain Performance Test 136 Test Setup ....................................................................... 136 Jamming Margin (J/S Ratio) (for BER 10-5) ................... 137 Jitter Transfer Function .......................................................... 140 Aurora 5800 • • • 7 • • • Environmental Performance ........................................ 140 Temperature Performance .................................................... 140 Direction B, Code: 2CF8 ................................................. 140 Long-Term Error Performance ........................................ 140 Power Consumption Measurement ............................ 140 APPENDIX C, Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 141 Transmitter RF Test ...................................................... 141 Transmit RF Spectrum .......................................................... 141 Receiver Tests .............................................................. 142 Test Setup ............................................................................. 142 Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................... 143 Dispersive Fade Margin ......................................................... 143 Test Conditions ............................................................... 143 Direction A ....................................................................... 143 Direction B ....................................................................... 146 Dynamic Fading ..................................................................... 148 Sweep Notch Depth Range ............................................. 148 Sweep Notch Frequency ................................................. 148 Flat Fading ...................................................................... 148 Interference Performance ...................................................... 149 Narrowband Interference ................................................ 149 Wideband Interference .................................................... 150 Jitter Performance ................................................................. 152 Input Jitter Tolerance ...................................................... 152 Output Jitter ..................................................................... 152 Jitter Gain ........................................................................ 152 Jitter Transfer Characteristic ........................................... 153 Environmental Performance ........................................ 153 Temperature Performance .................................................... 153 Long-Term Error Performance ........................................ 153 Power Consumption Measurement ............................ 154 • • • • • • Contents APPENDIX D, Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 155 Transmitter RF Test ...................................................... 155 Transmit RF Spectrum (FCC Part 15.247) ............................ 155 Receiver Tests .............................................................. 156 Test Setup ............................................................................. 156 Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................... 157 Dispersive Fade Margin ......................................................... 157 Test Conditions ............................................................... 157 Direction A ....................................................................... 158 Direction B ....................................................................... 160 Dynamic Fading ..................................................................... 162 Sweep Notch Depth Range ............................................. 162 Sweep Notch Frequency ................................................. 162 Flat Fading ...................................................................... 162 Interference Performance ...................................................... 163 Narrowband Interference ................................................ 164 Wideband Interference .................................................... 165 FCC Part 15, Compliance Processing Gain Performance Test 166 Test Setup ....................................................................... 166 Jamming Margin (J/S Ratio) (for BER 10-5) ................... 167 Jitter Transfer Function .......................................................... 170 Environmental Performance ........................................ 171 Temperature Performance .................................................... 171 Direction B, Code: 05B8 .................................................. 171 Long-Term Error Performance ........................................ 171 Power Consumption Measurement ............................ 171 APPENDIX E, Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 173 Transmitter RF Test ...................................................... 173 Transmit RF Spectrum .......................................................... 173 Receiver Tests .............................................................. 174 Test Setup ............................................................................. 174 Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................... 174 Aurora 5800 • • • 9 • • • Dispersive Fade Margin ......................................................... 175 Test Conditions ............................................................... 175 Direction A ....................................................................... 175 Direction B ....................................................................... 178 Dynamic Fading ..................................................................... 180 Sweep Notch Depth Range ............................................. 180 Sweep Notch Frequency ................................................. 180 Flat Fading ...................................................................... 180 Interference Performance ...................................................... 181 Narrowband Interference ................................................ 182 Wideband Interference .................................................... 183 Jitter Performance ................................................................. 185 Input Jitter Tolerance ...................................................... 185 Output Jitter ..................................................................... 185 Jitter Gain ........................................................................ 185 Jitter Transfer Characteristic ........................................... 186 Environmental Performance ........................................ 186 Temperature Performance .................................................... 186 Long-Term Error Performance ........................................ 186 APPENDIX F, Forms ........................................................ 187 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 • • 10 •• • • Contents List of Figures •••••• Figure 2-1 Aurora 5800 front view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Figure 2-2 Aurora 5800 back view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 2-3 DC connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Figure 2-4 RJ-48C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Figure 2-5 Alarm port, RS-232, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Figure 2-6 CIT port, RS-232, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Figure 2-7 DA-15, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Figure 2-8 RJ-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Figure 2-9 Modem block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Figure 2-10 Modem, component side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Figure 2-11 Upconverter and Power Amplifier block diagram . 39 Figure 2-12 Down Converter block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Figure 2-13 Aurora 5800 block diagram (DC operation shown) 41 Figure 3-1 Aurora 5800 T1/E1 frequency plan . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Figure 3-2 Aurora 5800 2T1/2E1 frequency plan . . . . . . . . . 44 Figure 3-3 Point-to-point configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Figure 3-4 Repeater configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Figure 3-5 Roof mounting with building blockage . . . . . . . . . 52 Figure 3-6 Tower mounting with no blockage . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Figure 4-1 Pulse mask for T1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Aurora 5800 • • • 11 • • • • • 12 •• • • List of Figures Figure 4-2 Input jitter tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Figure 4-3 Jitter transfer function tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Figure 4-4 Pulse shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Figure 4-5 Input jitter tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Figure 4-6 Jitter transfer function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Figure 5-1 Antenna height chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Figure 6-1 AURORA5800 main window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Figure 6-2 Connection Configuration dialog box . . . . . . . . . . 91 Figure 6-3 Set Rx Frequency dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Figure 6-4 Set Rx Sequence dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Figure 6-5 Tx Power Settings dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Figure 6-6 Initialization dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Figure A-1 Filter with center frequency of 5.735 GHz . . . . . 112 Figure A-2 Filter with center frequency of 5.755 GHz . . . . . 113 Figure A-3 Filter with center frequency of 5.775 GHz . . . . . 114 Figure A-4 Filter with center frequency of 5.8 GHz . . . . . . . 115 Figure A-5 Filter with center frequency of 5.82 GHz . . . . . . 116 Figure A-6 Filter with center frequency of 5.84 GHz . . . . . . 117 Figure A-7 Filter with center frequency of 5.741 GHz . . . . . 118 Figure A-8 Filter with center frequency of 5.772 GHz . . . . . 119 Figure A-9 Filter with center frequency of 5.803 GHz . . . . . 120 Figure A-10 Filter with center frequency of 5.834 GHz . . . . . 121 Figure B-1 Transmit RF spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Figure B-2 Receiver test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Figure B-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 127 Figure B-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A . . . . . . . . . 128 Figure B-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 129 Figure B-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 130 Figure B-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Figure B-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Figure B-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 1F35) . . . . . . . 134 Figure B-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 1F35, Direction B: 3F0C) . . . . . . . . 134 Figure B-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Figure B-12 Processing gain test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Figure 0-1 Jitter transfer (DS1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Figure C-1 Transmit RF spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Figure C-2 Receiver test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Figure C-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 145 Figure C-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A . . . . . . . . . 145 Figure C-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 147 Figure C-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 147 Figure C-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Figure C-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Figure C-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8) . . . . . . . 150 Figure C-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 0247) . . . . . . . . 151 Figure C-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Figure D-1 Transmit RF spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Figure D-2 Receiver test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Figure D-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 159 Aurora 5800 • • • 13 • • • Figure D-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 159 Figure D-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B . . . . . . . . . . 161 Figure D-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 161 Figure D-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Figure D-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Figure D-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8) . . . . . . . 165 Figure D-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 3F0C) . . . . . . . 165 Figure D-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Figure D-12 Processing gain test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Figure D-13 Jitter transfer (DS1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 • • 14 •• • • List of Figures Figure E-1 Transmit RF spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Figure E-2 Receiver test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Figure E-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 177 Figure E-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A . . . . . . . . . . 177 Figure E-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B . . . . . . . . . 179 Figure E-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B . . . . . . . . . . 179 Figure E-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Figure E-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Figure E-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8) . . . . . . . 183 Figure E-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 0247) . . . . . . . . 183 Figure E-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 List of Tables •••••• Table 2-1 Aurora 5800 front panel information . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Table 2-2 RJ-48C pinout specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Table 2-3 Alarm port pinout specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Table 2-4 CIT port pinout specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Table 2-6 RJ-11 pinout specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Table 2-8 SW1 and SW2 positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Table 2-9 SW1 and SW2 positions, options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Table 5-1 LDF4-50A cable parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Table 5-3 Examples of maximum free-space transmission distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Table 6-1 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Table B-1 Direction A, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Table B-2 Direction A, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Table B-3 Direction B, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Table B-4 Direction B, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Table B-5 Sweep notch depth range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Table B-6 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Table B-7 Jamming margin (J/S ratio) (for BER 10-5) for T1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Aurora 5800 • • • 15 • • • • • 16 •• • • List of Tables Table C-1 Receiver sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Table C-2 Direction A, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Table C-3 Direction A, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Table C-4 Direction B, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Table C-5 Direction B, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Table C-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Table C-7 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Table C-8 Test results, input jitter tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Table C-9 Test results, jitter transfer characteristic . . . . . . 153 Table D-1 Receiver sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Table D-2 Direction A, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Table D-3 Direction A, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Table D-4 Direction B, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Table D-5 Direction B, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Table D-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Table D-7 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Table D-8 Jamming margin (J/S ratio) (for BER 10-5) for 2T1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Table E-1 Receiver sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Table E-2 Direction A, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Table E-3 Direction A, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Table E-4 Direction B, minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Table E-5 Direction B, non-minimal phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Table E-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Table E-7 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Table E-8 Test results, input jitter tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Table E-9 Test results, jitter transfer characteristic . . . . . . 186 Aurora 5800 • • • 17 • • • This page intentionally blank. • • 18 •• • • List of Tables Customer Support •••••• Refer to Chapter 9 for detailed information on Customer Support. Caveat Aurora 5800 contains no user-serviceable or replaceable parts. If the radio fails, return the entire unit to Harris. Do not attempt to change switch settings reserved for factory use (as indicated in the manual), or repair or replace internal components. To do so will invalidate the warranty. Repair and Return If you require module repair service, call the Customer Service Center and first request a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. This request ensures that the repair will be done in a timely manner and prevents any delays caused by incomplete or missing information. Please provide the following information when you call (or fax): • • • • Your name, company, and telephone number (fax number) Part Number and Serial Number (see label on the back of the shelf) Purchase Order Number Billing and shipping addresses Aurora 5800 • • • 19 • • • • Any special return packing or shipping instructions • Any special customs clearance information required Service Center Locations The Customer Service Center locations and telephone numbers: U.S.A. Harris Microwave Communications Division Attn: Customer Service, RMA #_ _ _ _ _ 5727 Farinon Drive San Antonio, TX 78249 Canada Harris Microwave Communications Division Attn: Customer Service, RMA #_ _ _ _ _ 3, Hotel de Ville Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec CANADA H9B 3G4 Telephone and Fax Numbers Tel: 1-800-227-8332 (U.S.A.) 1-800-465-4654 (Canada) (+1) 514-421-8333 Fax: (+1) 514-421-3555 • • 20 •• • • Customer Support Technical Support Customer Resource Center If you are experiencing a traffic-affecting or traffic-threatening situation, technical assistance is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, including holidays. If you call the Customer Resource Center during nonbusiness hours, a Product Support Engineer will return your call within 30 minutes. Please provide the following information when you call. • Your name, company, and telephone number. • Equipment type, part number, and serial number (see label on back of shelf). • Detailed description of the problem. Business Hours Normal business hours for the Customer Resource Center: 6:30 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. (Pacific Time) Monday through Friday Telephone Numbers Technical support telephone numbers: U.S.A. only 1-800-227-8332 (+1) 650-594-3800 Canada 1-800-465-4654 Fax Number Technical support fax number: U.S.A. Canada (+1) 650-594-3621 (+1) 514-685-4580 Aurora 5800 • • • 21 • • • Internet E-mail: crcusa@harris.com World Wide Web: http://www.microwave.harris.com/cservice Customer Training Telephone Number 1-800-227-8332 (U.S.A.) 1-800-465-4654 (Canada) Training Centers Canada Harris Microwave Communications Division 3, Hotel de Ville Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec CANADA H9B 3G4 U.S.A. California Harris Microwave Communications Division 330 Twin Dolphin Drive Redwood Shores, CA 94065-1421 Texas Harris Microwave Communications Division 5727 Farinon Drive San Antonio, TX 78249 • • 22 •• • • Customer Support Chapter 1 Introduction •••••• Aurora 5800 Overview The Aurora 5800 is a spread-spectrum, digital microwave radio that operates in the 5.725 to 5.85 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band. It provides wireless interconnection for private wireless access, Internet service access, LAN/WAN, cellular, and PCS/PCN systems. The Aurora radio offers deployment of standard T1 (DSX-1) or E1 (CEPT1) and 2 × T1 or 2 × E1 wireless service with a typical distance from 1 to over 24 km (15 miles) (with 28-dBi, flat-panel antenna). It provides reliable, fullduplex, digital communication between two sites with line-of-sight clearance. This radio offers three frequency pairs at 1 × E1 (2.048 Mbit/s) and 1 × T1 (1.544 Mbit/s) or two frequency pairs at 2 × E1/T1 in the 5.8 GHz band. Additionally, the Aurora 5800 features a voice/data orderwire and a network management systems channel. The network management systems channel provides a SCAN channel to integrate into Harris’ FarScan element manager or an SNMP-based interface to integrate into an SNMP manager. There is a built-in Craft Interface Tool (CIT) user interface for local and remote radio monitoring and control. The Aurora uses Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) processing that reduces the transmitted power density and the potential for interference into neighboring communication systems. Aurora 5800 • • • 23 • • • The Aurora can be used in point-to-point and repeater configurations. In the repeater configuration, the radios serve as links between sites that are beyond each other’s range or whose paths are obstructed. This radio supports either indoor or outdoor environment. This is a compact lightweight radio that requires only one rack-mounting space for a rack or table-top placement in an indoor environment. This radio requires one open rack-mounting space (1 RMS) above and one below. For placement outdoors this radio can be installed in an outdoor cabinet. Aurora 5800 links operate license-exempt on a “no-interference, nonprotection” basis in the U.S.A. and in many countries and regions worldwide. In Canada, however, Aurora 5800 links share the existing 5.725 to 5.85 GHz “Super 2” point-to-point band and therefore may be subject to interference coordination and Industry Canada licensing procedures. Related Publications FarScan for Windows Instruction Manual • • 24 •• • • Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Product Description •••••• Physical Description Front View Figure 2-1 Aurora 5800 front view 10 Table 2-1 12 13 14 15 16 11 Aurora 5800 front panel information Call-out Label Description Additional Information ON/OFF Power switch T1/E1, TX, RX, #1 UTP/RJ-48C, E1/T1 interface Table 2-2 E1 #1 TX Use 75-ohm cables Coax/BNC E1 interface Aurora 5800 • • • 25 • • • Call-out Label • • 26 •• • • Chapter 2 Product Description Description Coax/BNC E1 interface Additional Information E1 #1 RX Use 75-ohm cables T1/E1, TX, RX, #2 UTP/RJ-48C, E1/T1 interface Table 2-2 E1 #2 TX Coax/BNC E1 interface Use 75-ohm cables E1 #2 RX Coax/BNC E1 interface Use 75-ohm cables PWR Power indicator LED TX ALM Transmitter power alarm, red LED, active high 10 RX ALM Receiver sync alarm, red LED, active high 11 RSSI Receiver Signal Strength Indicator: yellow, 0 to 4.8 volts, corresponding to approximately receiver input level of Σ−90 to −10 dBm 12 GND Ground test jack, black 13 ALM PORT RS-232, 9-pin, DE-9 male, TX and RX Table 2-3 alarms by dry contact relays 14 CIT RS-232, 9-pin, DE-9, female, craft interface tool port Table 2-4 15 DATA DA-15, female, asynchronous data port Table 2-5 16 PHONE 2-wire, RJ-11, voice orderwire port Table 2-6 Back View Figure 2-2 shows the Aurora radio’s back panel with an N-type antenna connector. The standard input power connector is an AC connector as shown in Figure 2-2. Optionally, if DC power is required, an input battery power connector block (Figure 2-3) replaces the AC power connector. Also, an example of a customer-service label is shown in Figure 2-2. This label contains information such as technical data and serial number. Figure 2-2 Aurora 5800 back view AC power connector Customer service label N-type antenna connector DC Connector Figure 2-3 DC connector Aurora 5800 • • • 27 • • • T1/E1 Line Interface T1/E1 Interface Connector An RJ-45 connector is provided on the front panel of the radio for this line interface. The connection follows FCC Section 68.104(c) specified RJ-48C standard. The pinout specification is shown in Table 2-2. Figure 2-4 RJ-48C RRING RTIP NC TRING TTIP NC GND GND 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Table 2-2 RJ-48C pinout specification Pin Function RRING, DS-1/E1 input to the Aurora RTIP, DS-1/E1 input to the Aurora 3, 6 Not used TRING, DS-1/E1 output from the Aurora TTIP, DS-1/E1 output from the Aurora 7,8 GND Unbalanced E1 Interface A pair of BNC connectors are provided on the front panel of the radio for this line interface, one for transmit data and the other for receive data. Use 75-ohm coaxial cables for these connections. • • 28 •• • • Chapter 2 Product Description Alarm Port Dry relay contacts are provided for the TX power alarm and RX signal alarm. Interface to third-party element manager system is through these contacts.The specification for the relays are listed in Table 2-3. Figure 2-5 Alarm port, RS-232, male Table 2-3 Pin Alarm port pinout specification Signal Function K1_P TX alarm relay COM K1_NO TX alarm relay NO (alarm close) No connection K2_P RX alarm relay COM K2_NO RX alarm relay NO (alarm close) K1_NC TX alarm relay NC (alarm open) No connection No connection K2_NC RX alarm relay NC (alarm open) Aurora 5800 • • • 29 • • • CIT Port Figure 2-6 CIT port, RS-232, female Table 2-4 Pin CIT port pinout specification Signal Function No connection TXD Transmit data, RS-232 RXD Receive data, RS-232 No connection GND 6 to 9 No connection DATA Port Figure 2-7 • • 30 •• • • Chapter 2 Product Description 15 DA-15, female 14 13 12 11 10 Table 2-5 Pin DA-15 pinout specification Signal Function No connection RS232_TX Transmit data RS232_RX Receive data 4 to 6 No connection GND 8 to 15 No connection PHONE Figure 2-8 RJ-11 NOT USED NC RING TIP NC NOT USED 1 2 3 4 Table 2-6 Pin RJ-11 pinout specification Signal Function No connection RING Receive from handset TIP Transmit from handset No connection Harris recommends phones with electronic ringers. Aurora 5800 • • • 31 • • • Hardware Assemblies The Aurora 5800 radio contains 7 hardware assemblies: • • • • • • • Modem Upconverter TX Power Amplifier RX Low Noise Amplifier Down Converter Antenna Diplexer Power Supply Customer-interface software is included for field-specific programming and diagnostics. This software utility is accessed through the CIT port. Modem The Modem contains a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) baseband processing section, an I and Q modulator, an IF AGC amplifier with an I/Q demodulator, and a microcontroller section. Figure 2-9 shows the Modem block diagram. Transmit Direction In the transmit direction, incoming one-channel or two-channel T1/E1 standard data is converted into NRZ data by the T1/E1 line interface circuit. The line interface circuit also recovers the bit rate clock (1.544 MHz or 2.048 MHz) from the input tributary and then multiplexes it with the Master Clock (MCLK) of the DSSS processor. The voice orderwire samples the analog voice signal from the telephone handset and compresses it to 16 kb/s. It contains a RING generator that rings when the remote radio handset is OFFHOOK. When the handset is ONHOOK, the channel serves as a general-purpose, asynchronous, datacommunications channel. • • 32 •• • • Chapter 2 Product Description Tx RxD TxD Rx RS-232 INTERFACE DA-15 INTERFACE RJ-11 INTERFACE RX_CIT CAN CONTROLLER AGC DET Tx SYNTHESIZER CONTROL Rx SYNTHESIZER CONTROL ° RS-232 TO/FROM PC TO/FROM PC OR DATA TERMINAL Tip 90 Ring ÷2 LO 280 MHz ÷2 ° TO/FROM PHONE A/D A/D SERIAL CONTROL INTERFACE DESPREAD SPREAD TxCLK2 MASTER CLOCK TEST PORT DQPSK DEMOD TIMING GENERATOR Rx PORT DQPSK MOD I/Q DEMODULATOR ° Tx Tip TX_CIT FPGA MUX/DEMUX RxCLK RxDATA Tx PORT IF IN 140 MHz IF OUT 140 MHz SAW BPF 140 MHz IF LEVEL CONTROL I/Q MODULATOR 90 RxDATA2 T1/E1 RxCLK2 Tx Ring LINE INTERFACE TxDATA2 Rx Ring TxCLK1 TxDATA1 TxCLK RxCLK1 BASEBAND PROCESSOR ° Rx Tip T1/E1 Tx Ring LINE INTERFACE Tx Tip TxDATA RxDATA1 T1/E1 LINE T1/E1 LINE Rx Tip Rx Ring Figure 2-9 Modem block diagram Aurora 5800 • • • 33 • • • An asynchronous RS-232 (CIT) port provides a 19.2 kb/s communication link for local and remote radio configuration and monitoring. The DATA port serves as an asynchronous data service channel that provides a 4800 kb/s communication link. The T1/E1 tributary, the voice orderwire channel, and the RS-232 and the DA-15 data service channels are multiplexed to form an aggregate rate of 1.664 Mb/s, 2.176 Mb/s, 3.208 Mb/s, and 4.224 Mb/s for T1, E1, 2T1, and 2E1, respectively, which is then inputted into the baseband processor. The baseband processor performs scrambling, differential encoding, I and Q symbol generation, and spreading. For DQPSK operation, the input data is demultiplexed to become I and Q output symbols, and spread by a PN code. The PN code is user-programmable: 15 chips for T1 rate data, and 11 chips for E1, 2T1, and 2E1 rate data. Hence, the chip rate (fchip) is 12.48 Mcps for T1 rate, 11.968 Mcps for E1 rate, 17.644 Mcps for 2T1 rate, and 23.232 Mcps for 2E1 rate. The I and Q outputs from the baseband processor are input to the I/Q modulator. The I and Q signals then modulate an IF carrier signal to generate a 140-MHz IF DQPSK signal. Receive Direction The received 140-MHz IF signal is first passed through a SAW bandpass filter, then inputted to the I/Q demodulator. The IF signal is then demodulated into I and Q signals. The demodulator, together with a frontend AGC amplifier, provides a total of 70 dB of AGC. The demodulated I and Q baseband signals are then outputted to the baseband processor. The baseband processor contains two 3-bit A/Ds, carrier and symbol synchronization and tracking, despreading, differential decoding, and descrambling. The quantized I and Q signals pass to a pair of 16-tap matched filters for calculating the signal correlation with the PN sequence. The output goes through a carrier phase rotation and acquisition process. The baseband processor also includes a frequency loop that tracks and removes the carrier frequency offset. • • 34 •• • • Chapter 2 Product Description The PN correlator uses two samples per chip and despreads the chip rate back to the original data rate. This process provides 10.4 dB of processing gain for 11 chips per bit or 11.76 dB for 15 chips per bit. The correlator output pulse is further tracked by a symbol timing loop performing bit synchronization. The frequency and phase of the signal are corrected from an NCO that is driven by the phase-locked loop (PLL). Demodulation of the signal in the early stages of acquisition is done by delay and subtraction of the phase samples. Once PLL tracking of the carrier is established, the PLL switches to a narrower loop, which achieves a better BER performance margin during the rest of demodulation. The demodulated signal is further differentially decoded and descrambled, then demultiplexed to recover the T1/E1, 2T1/2E1 tributary, the data service channel, and the voice orderwire. The radio uses a CAN microcontroller to provide system configuration, including baseband processor, ADPCM codec, RF transmit and receive frequency synthesizer initialization, control, and monitoring. The system default configuration is initially built-in. The customer can use the Microsoft Windows-based Aurora 5800 software to reconfigure the baseband processor, and the transmit and receive synthesizers by using the radio’s RS-232 interface. The new configuration can be downloaded into the radio and stored in the controller EEPROM. Aurora 5800 • • • 35 • • • Jumper Settings JP9 Modem, component side JP7 Figure 2-10 C D JP12 JP19 JP8 JP10 JP11 JP16 JP2 JP5 JP4 JP3 JP1 JP15 A B JP17 I J GH K L NM JP20 SW2 SW1 JP18 E F JP13 JP6 JP14 2T1/2E1 RADIO MODEM Do not change any of the settings marked “factory use only” in the following table. Doing so may invalidate the warranty. • • 36 •• • • Chapter 2 Product Description Table 2-7 Jumper settings Jumper T1 Rate E1 Rate E1 Rate 2T1 120 ohms 75 ohms Rate 2E1 Rate 2E1 Rate 120 ohms 75 ohms JP1, JP2 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON JP3, JP4, JP5 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON JP6 to JP9 ON (normal operation); OFF (factory use only) JP10 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON JP11, JP12 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF ON JP13 ON (normal operation); OFF (factory use only) JP14 E (normal operation); F (CAN controller in-circuit programming) JP15 JP16 NA NA NA JP17 G (normal operation); H (CAN controller in-circuit programming) JP18 I (normal operation); J (factory use only) JP19 K (normal operation); L (CAN controller in-circuit programming) JP20 M (normal operation); N (CAN controller in-circuit programming) NA = Not applicable. Aurora 5800 • • • 37 • • • DIP Switch Settings Table 2-8 SW1 and SW2 positions Position AMI B8ZS HDB3 Comment Encoder Encoder Encoder OFF ON ON (default setting) OFF ON (default setting) OFF (factory use only) ON (default setting) OFF (factory use only) ON ON OFF (factory use only) ON ON See Table 2-9. ON ON Close = ON; Open = OFF Table 2-9 SW1 and SW2 positions, options Position Option Selected ON OFF OFF 0 to 133 feet OFF ON ON 133 to 266 feet OFF ON OFF 266 to 399 feet OFF OFF ON 399 to 533 feet OFF OFF OFF 533 to 655 feet ON ON ON 75 ohm (with JP1 and JP2 OFF) 120 ohm ON ON OFF AT&T CB113 Repeater ON OFF ON FCC Part 68, Option A ON OFF OFF Network interface Close = ON; Open = OFF • • 38 •• • • Chapter 2 Product Description Application T1 E1 Upconverter and Power Amplifier The Upconverter receives the 140-MHz IF signal from the modem. The signal passes into the variable gain amplifier (VGA) section that provides about 10 dB AGC range. The IF signal is then mixed with the LO signal that is generated from the transmit synthesizer. The RF bandpass filter section at the output is centered at f0 5.7875 GHz with passband BW of 125-MHz and a minimum rejection ratio of 40 dBc at f0 + 232.5 MHz. The filtered upper sideband RF signal then passes into the RF intermediate power amplifier (PA) to generate a linear power up to about 0 dBm level. The ALC function keeps the transmit PA at a constant output power level for all the operating temperature range. The PA provides about 23 dB gain and generates up to about +23 dBm maximum output level. Figure 2-11 Upconverter and Power Amplifier block diagram ½ DIPLEXER UPCONVERTER 140 MHz IF FROM MODEM PWR AMPL TO ANTENNA FROM MODEM ALC OUT TO RX RF/IF MODULE Figure 2-12 FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER FROM CAN CONTROLLER VCO TCXO TX SYNTHESIZER CONTROL Down Converter and Low-Noise Amplifier The incoming RF signal from the Antenna Coupling Unit (ACU) is amplified by a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) and then passes into the Down Converter (Figure 2-12). The signal is amplified and then mixed with the LO signal to down-convert it to a 140-MHz IF signal. Aurora 5800 • • • 39 • • • Figure 2-12 Down Converter block diagram DOWN CONVERTER LNA FROM Figure 2-11 TO RX RF/IF MODULE TO RADIO MODEM 140 MHz IF ½ DIPLEXER FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER FROM CAN CONTROLLER TCXO VCO RX SYNTHESIZER CONTROL AGC CONTROL FROM MODEM Nominal Frequencies The nominal frequencies of the Upconverter and Down Converter LO synthesizers are initially set at the factory. The LO frequencies can be reprogrammed in the field by using the Aurora 5800 utility software. Antenna Diplexer The antenna diplexer consists of two cavity-type filters. The transmitsection insertion loss and the receive-section insertion loss are both less than 3 dB. The return loss is typically better than 16 dB. The diplexer provides more than 80-dB isolation between the transmit and receive sections. This isolation prevents the receiver LNA from being overloaded by transmitter power leakage. Aurora 5800 Block Diagram Figure 2-13 is a block diagram of the Aurora 5800 radio. • • 40 •• • • Chapter 2 Product Description P2 P4 P3 1/2 Up/Down Converter Power Supply DC/DC Power Amplifier Diplexer LNA 1/2 Up/Down Converter P1 1/2 T1 Modem Figure 2-13 Aurora 5800 block diagram (DC operation shown) Aurora 5800 • • • 41 • • • This page intentionally blank. • • 42 •• • • Chapter 2 Product Description Chapter 3 System Description •••••• Frequency Plans Coexistence with Other Radio Links The Aurora can coexist with other similar radio links in the vicinity. Operation with other links can be achieved through the use of different spreading codes, frequencies, “building blockage”, and antenna pattern and polarization separation. In congested urban areas, Harris recommends the use of a larger, more directional antenna; the narrower beam width allows less interference into the receiving Aurora and lowers interference levels into other radios in the vicinity. Aurora Frequency Plan The Aurora has one standard frequency plan available. Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 illustrate this plan. The “A” frequency pair uses the first and third frequencies shown. One site transmits on A1 and receives on A2. The site at the opposite end of the link transmits on A2 and receives on A1. The “B” frequency pair uses the second and fourth frequencies shown in the illustration. One of the two pairs may work better than the other in a particular area based on the nature of the interference. Aurora 5800 • • • 43 • • • Figure 3-1 “A” Frequency Pair Aurora 5800 T1/E1 frequency plan “B” Frequency Pair “C” Frequency Pair A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2 5735 5755 5775 5800 5820 5840 MHz 5725 Figure 3-2 5850 Aurora 5800 2T1/2E1 frequency plan “A” Frequency Pair “B” Frequency Pair A1 B1 A2 B2 5741 5772 5803 5834 MHz 5725 5850 Spread Sequence Pseudo-random Number (PN) Selection The Aurora radio can be configured with different spread sequence codes. The use of different codes on nearby Aurora 5800 co-channel links ensures interlink privacy. However, the assignment of different codes to adjacent or nearby links does not lower interference levels. Co-channel interference may degrade receiver thresholds and thus reducing fade margins, which increases multipath outages in Aurora links, but usually not beyond the link’s outage objective. The Aurora 5800 has four preset PN spread sequence codes. Every unit shipped to a customer contains a default code. • • 44 •• • • Chapter 3 System Description Aurora 5800 Radio Configurations Point-to-Point Configuration In a point-to-point configuration, two radios communicate only with each other. Either or both of the radios may be mobile, as long as they remain within each other’s range. Figure 3-3 shows a typical point-to-point radio setup. Figure 3-3 Point-to-point configuration RF Path Directional antenna Directional antenna Antenna coax cable Antenna coax cable Aurora 5800 Digital Radio Aurora 5800 Digital Radio T1/E1 access T1/E1 access Computer User Equipment T1/E1 Multiplexer PBX Computer Computer Video conference Video conference User Equipment T1/E1 Multiplexer Computer PBX Aurora 5800 • • • 45 • • • Repeater Configuration A repeater extends the maximum communication range beyond that of a single hop. In this configuration, two additional radios are installed between the terminal radios in the hop. Each of these intermediate radios faces one of the terminal radios in the hop. A transmission from one end of the hop is received by the repeater radio facing it, is passed on to the other radio in the repeater, and then relayed to the far-end radio. Figure 3-4 illustrates this configuration. Besides Aurora 5800 “active repeaters”, other 5.8 GHz repeater options are available, including “passive reflectors” and “beam benders” (back-to-back antennas) if one RF path is very short, and solar-powered “RF” repeaters. • • 46 •• • • Chapter 3 System Description Figure 3-4 Repeater configuration RF Path RF Path Directional antenna Directional antenna Aurora 5800 Repeater Antenna coax cable Antenna coax cable Aurora 5800 Digital Radio Aurora 5800 Digital Radio T1/E1 access T1/E1 access Computer User Equipment T1/E1 Multiplexer PBX Computer Computer Video conference Video conference User Equipment T1/E1 Multiplexer Computer PBX For repeater configurations, make sure there is enough frequency separation on the two transmitting channels. Use different antenna directions, polarization, or channel frequencies to achieve this separation. Aurora 5800 • • • 47 • • • Multihop and Hubbing Arrangements Network Planning Three transmit/receive frequency pairs are available to single T1/E1 links, and two pairs are assigned to 2T1/2E2 links for hubbing and multihopping Aurora 5800 radio links in the 5735 to 5850 MHz ISM band (see Figure 3-1). T1/E1, 20-MHz bandwidth, go/return RF channels: • Pair A: 5735/5800 MHz • Pair B: 5755/5820 MHz • Pair C: 5775/5840 MHz 2T1/2E1, 31-MHz bandwidth, go/return RF channels: • Pair A: 5741/5803 MHz • Pair B: 5772/5834 MHz Any of these duplex RF channels may be assigned a new Aurora 5800 link, taking into consideration possible interference to and from other links in the area that has been assigned the same channels. Each spread-spectrum radio in the area has a discrete PN spread sequence code assigned by user selection, as explained on page 44. While the use of different PN codes does mitigate the effect of external interference on the victim radio’s thresholds and fade margins by a minimal amount, perhaps by only a dB or two, it does ensure that only wanted data is demultiplexed on a link. Interference into a digital receiver is acceptable as long as it does not degrade its threshold (fade margin) for increased outage or degraded errored-second performance beyond the user’s performance objectives. Many shorter Aurora 5800 links may be so deployed with very low (< 20 dB) fade margins, permitting very high levels of co-channel interference that would otherwise be unacceptable on longer fading hops. • • 48 •• • • Chapter 3 System Description The planning of a complex network of Aurora 5800 links may include the following: • The selection and placement of antennas on towers, rooftops, and building walls • RF channel and polarization assignments • Aurora 5800 power output adjustments and PN spread sequence code selections • The calculation of acceptable levels of interference, accommodating the link’s fade characteristics and performance objectives With careful planning, even the most complex Aurora 5800 networks and systems may be commissioned in most areas. Parallel-Path Arrangement for Higher Capacity or Protection Two Aurora 5800 radios that are assigned the same frequency pair may be paralleled on a single path either with dual-polarized antennas or separate cross-polarized antennas positioned at similar heights. With these separate antennas at the same elevation, paralleled paths fade together, ensuring that the > 9 dB carrier-to-interference (C/I) ratio objective for error-free data transmission is maintained at all times. A single-polarized antenna may also be assigned to provide either a protection channel (through a T1 switch) or to double the link capacity. The requirement is, however, that the radios be assigned different RF channel pairs and that 3-dB hybrid couplers combine these radios to a common antenna feed system. This additional 6-dB path loss is acceptable in meeting the user’s performance objectives on most shorter paths. Multihop Networking Arrangement through Repeaters Longer Aurora 5800 paths of hops connected in tandem fade independently, that is, a victim path could fade to its threshold (outage) point while the cochannel interference from another path is high. Aurora 5800 • • • 49 • • • The two interference mechanisms are: • Receive backside reception from and transmit backside radiation to an adjacent link • Overshoot from a path two hops away Backside interference is eliminated by the assignment of different RF channels on adjacent hops out of a repeater by a “four-frequency” plan (two duplex channels). Interlink overshoot interference is mitigated by cross-polarizing every other hop, H-H-V-V-H and so forth, on tandem systems; and/or by ensuring that the links are not deployed in a straight line, that is, path azimuths are staggered by at least 3 to 5 degrees for adequate antenna discrimination to overshoot interference. Hubbing (Star) Networking Arrangement Out of a Node Aurora 5800 spur links out of a node or repeater site provide point-to-point T1/E1 connectivity to multiple sites in an area. With the limited number of two or three RF channel pairs available to a user, co-channel interference out of a nodal site must be taken into consideration so that link performance beyond the user’s objectives will not be degraded. Interference into other links out of a hub site is mitigated by the following examples: • • • • • Use of different RF duplex channels Cross-polarization between links (Usually larger or shrouded) antennas with higher discriminations Reduced power outputs on short paths Blockage with antennas positioned on the opposite sides of buildings or elevator penthouses • PN code selection to prevent intelligible crosstalk • Changing some links to Aurora 2400 (in the 2.4 GHz band) • • 50 •• • • Chapter 3 System Description Wanted and Unwanted Signal Path Antennas at a Hub Site At the Same Elevation (correlated path fading) With antennas assigned to the wanted and interfering (co-channel) interference paths at the same elevation, C and I tend to fade together. This tendency lowers the C/I objective to about 9 dB, similar to the parallel-path example on page 49. It is necessary only to cross-polarize the interference and wanted paths for > 20-dB isolation to meet this objective easily. At Different Elevations (independent path fading) At hub sites with independently fading wanted and interfering signals, C/I = the interfering transmission signal’s antenna discrimination to the victim path’s azimuth. Interference does not affect the performance of an Aurora 5800 link if the following C/I ratio is not exceeded. C/I = Fade Margin + T/I = Required Tx Antenna Discrimination, dB where • Fade Margin is the victim radio link’s fade margin necessary to meet its outage objectives, typically 15 to 35 dB. • T/I is the victim receiver’s threshold-to-interference ratio. For the Aurora 5800 (Figure E-10): 15 dB, co-channel −15 dB, adjacent channel Therefore, if a longer Aurora 5800 link is assigned antennas to provide a 35dB fade margin (−55 dBm median RSL) to meet its outage objective (see Chapter 5), the C/I ratio at the victim receiver should not exceed about 35 + 15 = 50 dB (−105 dBm interference level). Aurora 5800 • • • 51 • • • In this case, a standard 4-foot parabolic antenna with > 100/135 degree discrimination angle for co- and cross-polarized paths respectively (or a 6foot antenna with 30/90 degree discrimination angles) to the interfering radio at the hub site would be suitable. If a shorter Aurora 5800 link’s outage objective is met with only 20-dB fade margin, and the computed free-space RSL is the same (-55 dBm), a lower 20 + 15 = 35 dB C/I is acceptable (−75 dBm interference level). Then, Aurora 5800 radio’s standard 2-foot square antenna, cross-polarized to the victim link, is suitable. Hubbing Examples Hubbing arrangements are categorized as blocking and nonblocking. Blocking Arrangement To introduce blockage, Aurora 5800 radio’s antennas are positioned on the opposite sides of the building roofs, water tanks, microwave shelters, and so forth, thus greatly reducing interfering signal coupling between links. See Figure 3-5. Figure 3-5 Roof mounting with building blockage 45 o T Long path 2T1/E1) 10 o T Short path (1T1/E1) Building Roof Elevator Penthouse 275 oT Long path (2T1/E1) 195 o T Short path (1T1/E1) • • 52 •• • • Chapter 3 System Description 95 o T Long path (2T1/E1) 165 oT Short path (1T1/E1) Channel Assignments for the Long 2T1/E1 Paths Antenna A is placed on the opposite side of the elevator penthouse hut from antennas B and C on the building roof. The blockage provided by the hut reduces the interference level > 20 dB between path A to the west, and paths B and C to the east, permitting the co-channel assignment of A to B or C even on co-polarized paths with small antennas. Exposed interference paths are shown–path B to/from path C, for example. With only a single antenna discrimination and no interference blockage, paths B and C are assigned adjacent channels with cross-polarization. Paths E and F are short with low fade activity; so higher interference levels with smaller antennas are permitted. As previously discussed, the required antenna discrimination is computed from C/I = Required Fade Margin + T/I. In the long A, B, and C paths, the required fade margin necessary to meet the performance objectives might be 35 dB. For a co-channel operation, the T/I is 15 dB, requiring 50 dB of antenna discrimination. 4 ft (1.2 m) antennas cross-polarized between paths B and C provide this necessary discrimination with a path azimuth differences > 20o. All three paths are thus assigned the same RF channel with B cross-polarized to A and C. Channel Assignments for the Short 1T1/E1 Paths Assignments to these shorter paths are to the channels adjacent to the long paths to reduce the interference level by > 30 dB. The short paths may be assigned 2 ft (0.6 m) dishes, with paths E and F cross-polarized. These smaller cross-polarized antennas provide about 43 dB discrimination between paths E and F, which meets the 25 + 15 = 40 dB C/I objective (25 dB required fade margin and 15 dB co-channel T/I). The Aurora 5800 transmitter power outputs on the short paths E and F may be reduced to lower the interference levels. This process reduces fade margins while still meeting the performance objectives on these short paths. Aurora 5800 • • • 53 • • • Figure 3-6 shows a hubbing example at sites with no interlink blockage, as often occurs with tower-mounted antennas. In this arrangement, channel assignments made to a large number of links at a common hubbing site may take into account additional cases of acceptable levels of threshold (fade margin) degradation. Figure 3-6 Tower mounting with no blockage 45 oT Long path 1T1/E1) 275 o T Long path (2T1/E1) 195 oT Short path (1T1/E1) 165 oT Short path (1T1/E1) Channel assignments are first made to the longer, fading paths. With no blockage, larger antennas provide higher discriminations between the longer paths. A and D are co-channel cross-polarized; C and D are assigned an adjacent channel cross-polarized, with perhaps > 5 dB of allowable threshold degradation taken on these short nonfading hops. Of course, in very difficult cases (many long fading hops out of a hubbing site, for example), HP antennas with shrouds providing > 20 dB additional discrimination may be assigned. Conclusion These hubbing examples are but a few of the many hubbing acceptable arrangements for Aurora 5800 links. Nearly any number of Aurora 5800 links can be hubbed at a single site, with RF channel assignments, path polarizations, antenna sizes and types, Aurora 5800 power output adjustments, acceptable fade margin degradation to short nonfading hops, and PN code selection all carefully considered to meet the network’s performance objectives. • • 54 •• • • Chapter 3 System Description Harris MCD Service Harris Microwave Communications Division can provide rapid assistance in the optimum selection of antenna feed systems that meet regulatory and performance objectives for any specific Aurora 5800 single link, paralleled link, multihop, or hubbing application necessary to meet the user’s networking arrangement and performance objectives. Aurora 5800 • • • 55 • • • This page intentionally blank. • • 56 •• • • Chapter 3 System Description Chapter 4 Technical Specifications •••••• Features • 5.725 to 5.85 GHz ISM bands • Point-to-point, line of sight up to 15 miles (24 km) (standard 28-dBi, flatpanel antenna) • Full frequency duplex operation • Standard T1 (DSX-1) or E1 (CEPT-1), and 2 × T1 or 2 × E1 interfaces • Typical RF power, +19 dBm • Direct sequence spread spectrum coding and DQPSK modulation • −88 dBm (T1/E1) and −86 dBm (2 × T1/2 × E1) typical receiver threshold at BER = 10-6 • Synthesized transmitter and receiver frequencies • Three frequency-channel plans for T1/E1 and two frequency-channel plans for 2T1/2E1 • Digital voice orderwire and data wayside traffic • Craft Interface Tool (CIT) interface for local and remote radio monitoring and control • Supports repeater configuration • SNMP network management with external proxy agent Aurora 5800 • • • 57 • • • Performance (One Hop) System Gain (at BER = 10-6) Carrier Designator Value T1/E1 107 dB 2 × T1/2 × E1 105 dB, typical Frequency Plan (Standard) Carrier Designator T1/E1 Frequency Pair Band (GHz) 5.735 5.800 5.755 5.820 5.775 5.840 5.741 5.803 5.772 5.834 2T1/2E1 Acquisition Time < 50 ms Transmission Delay Path • • 58 •• • • Time (µs, max.) Radio only 50 10 mi/16 km 100 20 mi/32 km 150 Chapter 4 Technical Specifications Dispersive Fade Margin Better than 60 dB at BER = 1 × 10-3 MTBF 430,000 hours Transmitter Specifications Characteristic Value Output power +19 dBm, typical at antenna port (+10 dBm min.) Power density < +8 dBm/3 kHz Spurious/Harmonics < − 60 dBc Frequency range 5.725 to 5.85 GHz Frequency stability Within ± 20 kHz Frequency selection Synthesizer default value stored in MCU, and softwareselectable Increments 500 kHz IF frequency 140 MHz Modulation Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, DQPSK PN Code and Chip Rate Barker or Modified Barker Codes: Data Rate Chip Rate T1 (Aggr. 1.664 Mb/s) 15 chips/bit, 12.48 Mcp/s E1 (Aggr. 2.176 Mb/s) 11 chips/bit, 11.968 Mcp/s 2T1 (Aggr. 3.208 Mb/s) 11 chips/bit, 17.644 Mcp/s Aurora 5800 • • • 59 • • • Receiver Specifications Characteristic Value Noise figure 8 dB max. at antenna port Image rejection 80 dB minimum AGC range 70 dB Frequency selection Synthesizer default value stored in MCU, and softwareselectable Increments 500 kHz IF frequency 140 MHz Processing gain ≥ 10 dB Demodulation Noncoherent (matched filtering correlation) Carrier acquisition range Better than ± 100 kHz Carrier tracking range Better than ± 150 kHz Clock acquisition range Better than ± 100 PPM Receiver Level − 40 dBm nominal −20 dBm max., no performance degradation −10 dBm max., no damage Receiver Level at 10-6 BER Threshold • • 60 •• • • T1/E1 2T1/2E1 Maximum −89 dBm −87 dBm Typical −90 dBm −88 dBm Chapter 4 Technical Specifications Antenna/Diplexer Specifications Characteristic Value Antenna (optional) 28-dBi gain, flat-panel antenna Mechanics External antenna, internal ACU Antenna port N-type female connector Impedance 50 ohms Return loss ≥ 18 dB ACU RF filter type Cavity diplexer with internal temperature compensation Frequency Spacing C-Band Carrier Designator Value T1/E1 65 MHz T-R 2T1/2E1 62 MHz T-R Aurora 5800 • • • 61 • • • Digital Data Interface Data Capacity • • • • 1 × T1 or 1 × E1 or 2 × T1 or 2 × E1 T1 Specifications Characteristic Specifications Digital interface DSX-1, meets ITU-T G.703, G.824, AT&T Pub 62411, Bellcore GR-499-CORE Connector RJ-48C, balanced, 100 ohms Line code B8ZS or AMI (DIP switch selectable) Continuity Input T1 signal, 1.544 Mb/s ± 130 PPM Pattern should be pseudorandom ≥ 215 −1 Requirement: error-free performance Minimum input level − 6 dB below nominal (0 dB = 2.4 Vp) Pulse Shape Meets ITU-T G.703 mask as shown in Figure 4-1. Pattern should be pseudorandom ≥ 215 −1 Requirement: error-free performance • • 62 •• • • Chapter 4 Technical Specifications Figure 4-1 Pulse mask for T1 0. 7 0. 7 3.0 50 ns 50 ns 0.3 1.5 1. 2 -3T/1 -T/4 T/8 TIME T/4 3T/8 T/2 CCITT-32492 Jitter Output Jitter According to ITU-T G.824, the peak-to-peak limit is as follows: B1 5.0 UI BPF cutoff: lower 10 Hz and high 40 kHz B2 0.1 UI BPF cutoff: lower 8 Hz and high 40 kHz Aurora 5800 • • • 63 • • • Input Jitter Tolerance Figure 4-2 Input jitter tolerance JITTER AMPLITUDE (UIpp) 0.1 500 Jitter Transfer Function Tolerance Figure 4-3 − 54 • • 64 •• • • Chapter 4 Technical Specifications Jitter transfer function tolerance 8K JITTER FREQUENCY (Hz) E1 Specifications Characteristic Specifications Digital interface CEPT-1, meets ITU-T G.703, G.823 Connector BNC, unbalanced, 75 ohms, or RJ-48C, balanced, 120 ohms Line code HDB3 or AMI (DIP switch selectable) Continuity Input E1 signal 2.048 Mb/s ± 50 PPM Pattern should be pseudorandom > 215-1 Requirement: error-free performance Minimum input level −12 dB below nominal (0dB = 2.4 Vp) Pulse Shape Meets ITU-T G.703 mask as shown in Figure 4-4. Figure 4-4 Pulse shape 269 ns (244+25) 20% 10% V =100% 10% 194ns (244-50) 20% Nominal pulse 244ns 50% 219ns (244 -25) 10% 10% 0% 10% 10% 20% 488 ns (244 + 244) Aurora 5800 • • • 65 • • • Jitter Output Jitter According to ITU-T G.823, the peak-to-peak limit is as follows: B1 1.5 UI BPF cutoff: lower 20 Hz and high 20 kHz B2 0.05 UI BPF cutoff: lower 18 kHz and high 100 kHz Input Jitter Tolerance Figure 4-5 • • 66 •• • • Chapter 4 Technical Specifications Input jitter tolerance Jitter Transfer Function Figure 4-6 Jitter transfer function JITTER TRANSFER (dB) 0.5 -19.5 1.4 K 11.4 K JITTER FREQUENCY (Hz) Aurora 5800 • • • 67 • • • Ports, Indicators, Test Points, and Alarms Ports Port Specifications ALARM TX and RX alarms by dry contact relays, DE-9, male DATA DA-15, asynchronous, female PHONE Voice orderwire, 2-wire, RJ-11 PHONE Voice orderwire, 2-wire, RJ-11 Programmability Default system factory-configured Software-programmable with a PC through RS-232 CIT port Front-Panel LED Indicators Label Color Indication PWR Green Power is on TX ALM Red, active high Transmitter power alarm RX ALM Red, active high Receiver sync alarm Front-Panel Test Jacks • • 68 •• • • Label Test RSSI Receiver Signal Strength Indicator: yellow, 0 to 4.8 volts, corresponding to approximately receive input level of −90 to −20 dBm GND Ground, black Chapter 4 Technical Specifications Built-in Diagnostics (through RS-232) • • • • SIGNAL LOSS AIS RX synthesizer lock alarm TX synthesizer lock alarm Power Specifications Characteristic Value Input Voltage AC supply: Universal AC 100 to 250 V DC supply: ± 21 to 60 V Output Voltage +5 V, 3 A, maximum +12 V, 2 A, maximum −5 V, 0.3 A, maximum Power Consumption 30 watts, maximum Fuse Built in with the power supply Environmental Specifications Characteristic Value Operational Temperature 0 to +50°C 32 to 122°F Storage Temperature − 40 to +70°C − 40 to 158°F Humidity 95% noncondensing Altitude (above sea level) 4,572 meters 15,000 feet Aurora 5800 • • • 69 • • • Mechanical Specifications The Aurora 5800 radio requires one rack-mounting space (RMS) for a rack, plus one open RMS above and one open RMS below, or table-top placement in an indoor environment. For placement outdoors this radio can be installed in an outdoor cabinet. Characteristic Height 1.75 inches 45 mm Width 17 inches 432 mm 11.8 inches 300 mm 7.7 lb 3.5 kg Depth (including the connectors) Weight • • 70 •• • • Value Chapter 4 Technical Specifications Chapter 5 Installation Planning •••••• General Spread-spectrum, point-to-point radio relay links like Aurora’s are allowed by various regulatory agencies to operate unlicensed on a “no-interference, nonprotection basis”. Because of the unlicensed nature, the Aurora radios require neither licensing nor prior frequency coordination in most regions, including the U.S.A. Caveat The Aurora installation software with its adjustable power feature is for professional installer use only, as mandated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC, Part 15). Harris Corporation does not assume any liability or damage arising out of the application or misuse of this Aurora radio product and its software. Interference While it is expected that many Aurora 5800 links will be deployed in urban areas that are (or will be) frequency-congested, the robust nature of the digital modulation and spread spectrum technology should mitigate any noticeable customer traffic degradation caused by interference. Aurora 5800 • • • 71 • • • However, good engineering judgment should be exercised by the operator and professional installer before selecting paths or locations near equipment or facilities that could generate interfering signals. Such equipment might include high-power ISM devices. Additionally, precaution should be taken when links are deployed in a region where a large number of other 5.8-GHz, point-to-point or point-to-multipoint links are installed. In some interference cases, threshold degradation causing an increase in short-term multipath outage or a slightly degraded Residual Bit Error Ratio (RBER) may occur, either or both of which can probably be tolerated. As a general rule, the deployment of a larger antenna with a smaller beam width and higher front-to-back ratio, an antenna relocation for better interference shielding, or a polarization change are often very effective in mitigating most interference cases. These subjects are discussed in a later section. Such field changes, to mitigate interference and to otherwise improve Aurora 5800 link performance, require no prior regulatory approval in unlicensed links. Performance and Economic Considerations Aurora 5800 microwave transport offers significant technical and economic advantages over conventional copper- or fiber-based leased or owned transport alternatives when availability, cost-effectiveness, implementation time, security, and difficult terrain or access are significant network design considerations. Ref. [1] describes how the economic and technical challenges of creating a new telecommunications infrastructure are met more effectively with pointto-point radio links than with traditional wireline-based solutions. When Aurora 5800 digital transport facilities are compared to conventional leased-line services, the following four factors are taken into consideration: • • • • • • 72 •• • • Chapter 5 Installation Planning Transmission quality and reliability Circuit availability Short-haul costs Construction time The infrastructure of most telephone networks has inherent regulatory or technical characteristics that limit its ability to meet microwave’s superior transmission quality, reliability, and other performance and availability characteristics. It is not unusual for the telephone company’s “local loop” subscriber facility to have an RBER of 100 times, or more, worse than microwave links along with a long-term outage (unavailability) measured in hours per year. Simple and highly reliable Aurora 5800 microwave links can provide customers with superior service. Microwave’s short-term reliability standards, in excess of 99.995% to 99.999% (a few minutes outage per year), are often significantly better than those associated with typical leased copper services. Aurora 5800 • • • 73 • • • Antenna Installation Instructions for antenna installation usually are part of the antenna kit. Follow these instructions for good and effective antenna installation. RF output power is set by Harris or authorized distributor. Do not change antennas, cable length, or type. To do so may violate regulatory rules. If changes are necessary, contact Harris Customer Service or your authorized distributor. Radio performance is affected by all aspects of antenna installation, including: • • • • • • Antenna type Line-of-sight path fade characteristics Antenna orientation Antenna placement Distance between antennas Distance between the radio and its antenna To prevent equipment damage and shock hazard caused by lightning, antenna installation and the grounding system must comply with NEC or IEC standards, and local regulatory requirements. Harris does not provide grounding kits. • • 74 •• • • Chapter 5 Installation Planning Antenna Selection Neither antenna power input nor EIRP constraints in North America (and most other regions that allocate this band for unlicensed point-to-point, radio-relay applications) limit the gain (size) of 5.8 GHz antennas. Although the 28-dBi flat-panel antenna is standard with the Aurora 5800, any other antenna may be used. Most Aurora 5800 applications deploy nonpressurized antennas with N-type fittings for connection to foam coaxial feeders, however. This device emits non-ionizing radiation. To meet RF safety requirements, steps must be taken to prevent all personnel from being closer than one (1) meter from the antenna main beam when the transmitter is operational. Antenna Selection Criteria All antenna designs address two concerns: directivity and gain. A third criterion in selecting an antenna is polarization. Directivity A highly focused directional antenna should be used for maximum sensitivity and power. This type of antenna also rejects signals not coming from the desired direction and provides a desirable increase in signal-tonoise performance. Gain Antenna performance is measured in “dBi” where “i” stands for “isotropic,” which describes the standard spherical radiation pattern. If the semiparabolic directional antenna has a gain of 24 dBi, it represents power and sensitivity levels that are over 200 times greater than those of a 0-dBi Aurora 5800 • • • 75 • • • antenna. The FCC has a new rule on how much antenna gain affects the input power to the antenna and the output power of a radio operating in the 2400-MHz ISM band, but this rule does not apply to the 5.8-GHz links. Polarization All 5.8-GHz antennas offer a choice of linear polarization. Aurora 5800 radios usually operate with antennas that are polarized either vertically or horizontally, as long as the polarization is the same at both ends of the path. Cross-polarization greatly reduces signal strength. Site Selection Link Performance Aurora 5800 radio’s link performance can be characterized not unlike that of any conventional 6-GHz, point-to-point, nondiversity microwave link. Ref. [2] lists various availability and outage models and objectives from which to select. While the “short-haul” objective (about 27 min/yr or 9 min/any month, endto-end, one-way T1/E1 trunk outage) may be suitable for most applications, many Aurora 5800 radios are often used for temporary links or as an alternative to copper wire services. A higher outage objective may therefore be assigned to a DSSS link, resulting in significant savings in the cost of antennas and support structures. Aurora 5800 radio’s wide, robust transmitted spectra reduce the probability of multipath fade outage on these links. In sharp contrast to FM analog radio links where the RF carrier disappears, or a broadband Quadrature PhaseShift Keying (QPSK) or other digital links where increased multipath outage occurs with signal distortion (dispersion), spread-spectrum signals are not nearly as affected by multipath notches. Aurora 5800 radio’s Dispersive Fade Margins (DFMs), the measure of its sensitivity to path-generated spectrum distortion, exceed 60 dB and are thus disregarded in performance calculations. • • 76 •• • • Chapter 5 Installation Planning For this reason, the addition of diversity protection to lower multipath fade outage is rarely necessary to meet performance objectives. If equipment protection is needed, then dual Aurora 5800 radios on cross-polarized or separate antennas with T1 or E1 span line switches are suggested. Vertically separated antennas (paths) provide a reduction in multipath outage, although T1/E1 span line switching is not hitless. Path Clearance and Reliability As a general rule, spread-spectrum links can be assigned about the same 0.6 F1 at k = 11 path clearance as standard (licensed point-to-point analog and digital radio-relay links) in the 6-GHz band. Since many Aurora 5800 links are short and nondiversity, low clearance paths over reflective terrain (such as open fields or lakes) are usually more stable (fade-free) than those with excessive path clearance. Tables of link reliability under different conditions of terrain, climate, antenna size, and path distance are available from Harris [Ref. 3]. The received signal level and path reliability (outage or SESR) results under a wide variation of link design conditions can be determined by using Harris MCD’s StarLink shareware personal path engineering computer program, which is available at no cost. [Ref. 4] Antenna Site Selection A good antenna site has the following qualifications: • • • • A clear line of sight for optimum power and maximum range Sufficient elevation for maximum line-of-sight range Correct orientation and correct directional aim at the target antenna Shortest possible distance between antenna and radio unit 1. “k” is the ratio of the radius of curvature (refractivity) of the radio path to that of the earth. A k = 1 (no refractive ray bending over a true earth) is commonly used for longer paths. Aurora 5800 • • • 77 • • • A reasonable approximation of the radio horizon (line-of-sight) based on antenna height is shown in Figure 5-1. On the chart, set a straight-edge so that it crosses the height of one antenna in the column on the left and the height of the other antenna in the column on the right; the radio horizon in miles or kilometers is shown where the straight-edge crosses the center column. Figure 5-1 (feet Antenna height chart meters) ANTENNA1 HEIGHT (miles km) 2 X RADIO HORIZON* (feet meters) ANTENNA2 HEIGHT *Path length for grazing clearance over flat terrain without trees or other obstructions. • • 78 •• • • Chapter 5 Installation Planning Antenna Cable Selection Harris recommends low-loss and low-cost RF cables to connect the radio to the antenna. Andrew’s LDF4-50A coaxial cable is standard with the Aurora 5800 radio. See Table 5-1 for cable characteristics. Table 5-1 LDF4-50A cable parameters Characteristic Value Cable Part Number LDF4-50A Nominal Size (in.) 1/2 Impedance (ohms) 50 Approx. Atten, at 5.8 GHz dB/100 ft (dB/100 m) Weight, lb/ft (kg/m) 6.5 (21) 0.15 (0.22) Diameter over Jacket, in. (mm) 0.63 (16) Min. Bending Radius, in. (mm) 5 (125) Aurora 5800 • • • 79 • • • Antenna Alignment The antenna can be aligned by monitoring the RSSI test jack. Use a digital multimeter to measure the RSSI voltage when adjusting the direction of the antenna. The RSSI level of 0 to 4.8 VDC corresponds to the receiver input level of approximately -90 to -20 dBm. See Table 5-2. Typical RSSI Voltage versus Receiver Input Level Table 5-2 • • 80 •• • • Chapter 5 Installation Planning Typical RSSI voltage versus receiver input level RX Input Level (dBm) RSSI Voltage (V) −90 −0.05 −85 0.69 −80 1.34 −75 1.83 −70 2.30 −65 2.67 −60 3.01 −55 3.28 −50 3.54 −45 3.77 −40 4.00 −35 4.20 −30 4.39 −25 4.58 −20 4.75 Point-to-Point Path Analysis Programs that allow you to perform path analysis are available from several vendors. In any case, the following steps should be followed. 1. Plot the location of each antenna on a topographical site map. 2. Draw lines showing the radio path between sites. 3. On a graph paper, plot the distance (horizontal axis, in miles or kilometers) versus the ground elevation (vertical axis, in feet or meters). 4. Identify all obstructions on the radio path line on the map, including hills, vegetation, and buildings or structures that will interfere with radio transmission. 5. Plot each obstruction on the graph by marking the elevation and distance from the sites. 6. For each obstruction, compute the increment to the height of each obstruction to allow for the earth’s curvature. d1 × d2 h1 = ------------------Ck where h1 = additional height increment in feet or meters, d1 = distance of obstruction from site in miles or kilometers, d2 = distance of the obstruction from the second site in miles or kilometers, C = 1.5 for English units or 12.75 for metric units, and k = a refractive index of 1.33 for both English and metric units. Add the additional height increment, h1, to the elevations plotted on your graph. Aurora 5800 • • • 81 • • • 7. Compute another increment to the height of each obstruction for the Fresnel zone. × d2h2 = C d1 -----------------f×D where h2 = 60% of the first Fresnel zone in feet or meter, C = 43.26 for English or 10.38 for metric units, d1 = the distance of the obstruction from the first site in miles or kilometers, d2 = the distance of the obstruction from the second site in miles or kilometers, f = 5.8 GHz in English or metric units, and D = total path length (d1 + d2) in miles or kilometers. Add the h2 increment to the elevations on the graph. 8. Determine the ideal antenna height by drawing a line on the graph between the sites and across the top of the obstruction heights. Note the elevation of each antenna site. 9. Use the following formula to determine the free-space path. L = C + 20 log ( D ) + 20 log ( f ) where L = the path loss in dB, C = 96.6 for English units (distance in miles) and 92.4 for metric units (distance in kilometers), D = distance in miles or kilometers, and f = the signal frequency (5.8 GHz for both English and metric units for the Aurora radio). For example, for a 15-mile path, path loss • • 82 •• • • Chapter 5 Installation Planning = 96.6 + 20 log 15 + 20 log 5.8 GHz = 136 dB. For a 15-km path, path loss = 92.4 + 20 log 15 + 20 log 5.8 GHz = 131 dB. 10. Calculate the unfaded Received Signal Level (RSL). RSL= TX Power + TX Antenna Gain − Coax Loss − Free Space Loss + RX Antenna Gain − Coax Loss For example, if the TX Power is +19 dBm, the Coax Loss is 2 dB for the TX and 2 dB for the RX, the Antenna Gain is 28 dBi for the TX and 28 dBi for the RX, and the Path Loss is 136 dB, then RSL= +19 dBm + 28 dBi − 2 dB − 136 dB + 28 dBi − 2 dB = − 65 dBm 11. Calculate the Fade Margin (FM) FM = RSL − Receiver Sensitivity at 10 BER (outage) FM = −65 − (−90) = 25 dB. -3 Aurora 5800 • • • 83 • • • Examples of Transmission Distances Table 5-3 lists some examples of the FCC-compliant Aurora 5800 possible transmission distances for different antennas and different transmit output powers. Table 5-3 Examples of maximum free-space transmission distance Assumption: 32.8 ft (10 m) LDF4-50A cable feed for both antennas and 25 dB fade margin for BER 10-6/10-3 Transmit Output Power (+19 dBm) Antenna Gain (dBi) EIRP (dBm) Transmission Distance (miles/km) BER 10-6/10-3 28 45 13/15 28.5 45.5 14/18 31.4 48.4 28/35 34.8 51.8 61/77 Notes: 1. 32.8 ft (10 m) LDF4-50A cable loss approximately 2 dB. 2. Typical T1/E1 Aurora receiver threshold, −88 dBm at BER 10-6 (static threshold) and −90 dBm at BER 10-3 (outage threshold). 3. Free-space, path-loss calculation: L = C + 20 log (D) + 20 log (f). = the path loss in dB. = 96.6 for distance in miles and 92.4 for distance in kilometers. = distance in miles or kilometers. = the signal frequency in MHz. For example, for output power = 19 dBm, antenna gain = 28 dBi, TX antenna cable loss = 2 dB, • • 84 •• • • Chapter 5 Installation Planning the TX EIRP = 19 + 28 − 2 = 45 dBm. The receiver antenna net gain = 28 − 2 (cable loss) = 26 dB; hence the total path loss with this radio system = 45 + 26 + 90 − 25 (required fade margin) = 136 dB, that corresponds to a free-space distance of about 15 miles. With 23 dB (2 dB less) fade margin for a 10-6 BER static point, this distance reduces to 13 miles. If the actual transmission distance is reduced to 10 miles, the path loss is about 132 dB; then the system has about 27-dB fade margin for BER 10-6 and 29-dB fade margin for BER 10-3. Spacing Requirement If the Aurora radio is being installed in an equipment rack, leave one rack space above the radio and one rack space below the radio. Aurora 5800 • • • 85 • • • This page intentionally blank. • • 86 •• • • Chapter 5 Installation Planning Chapter 6 Software Utility Program •••••• Aurora Software The Aurora 5800 is shipped with a diskette containing a utility program, AURORA5800, that is used to configure the radio for proper operation. The utility can also be used to monitor the built-in alarms and status indicators. Installing the Software The AURORA5800 utility program can be installed and executed on any PC running the Microsoft Windows 95, 98, or NT 4.0 operating system. To install the software, do the following: 1. Insert AURORA5800 Setup Disk 1 in the computer’s disk drive (usually drive A:). 2. From the Windows or NT Start menu, select Settings Control Panel Add/Remove Programs. The setup program guides you through the install process, and you can select which directory you want the AURORA5800 installed. Aurora 5800 • • • 87 • • • Running the Software Once it is installed, you can run the AURORA5800 program by 1. clicking on the Start button and 2. choosing Programs from the Start menu and then 3. choosing AURORA5800 from the submenu. AURORA5800 Main Window A few moments after you start AURORA5800, the main window (Figure 6-1) appears. • • 88 •• • • Chapter 6 Software Utility Program Figure 6-1 AURORA5800 main window Ring-on state Voice indicator Configuration button Message box Connect button Local equipment Rx Sequence address Tx Power button Code button Tx Sequence Code button Tx Frequency button Rx Frequency button Help button Features From the main window, you can • • • • • • Make selections to set the transmit and receive frequencies. Define the spread code. Adjust the Tx output power. Save connection configurations. Monitor the radio’s alarms/status levels. See the latest transmit/receive frequencies and PN spread codes. Aurora 5800 • • • 89 • • • Status/Alarms Six status and alarm conditions are monitored and displayed on the AURORA5800 main window. Table 6-1 Alarms Alarm Color Status Designation LOS1 LOS2 Green No loss of signal. AIS1 AIS2 Green Normal. Tx ALM Red Red Unframed all one’s is detected (criteria of less than three zeros out at 2048-bit period). Green Transmit power is above threshold level (okay). Red SYNC Receiver loss of signal when either receiving 175 consecutive zeros or received signal amplitude drops below 0.3 V peak threshold. Transmit power has dropped below a preset threshold level. Green Traffic is normal. Red Synchronization alarm. Green indicates that everything is running okay. Red indicates an alarm condition. Phone The green light on the phone icon indicates a voice connection. A red splash above the phone indicates a ring-on state. • • 90 •• • • Chapter 6 Software Utility Program Connection Configuration If FarScan is locally connected to the Aurora 5800 radio’s CIT port, then you must select 9600 b/s and no parity. From the main window (Figure 6-1), click the Configuration button. The Connection Configuration dialog box appears. Figure 6-2 Connection Configuration dialog box 1. To select the COM Port the Aurora 5800 radio is connected to, click the + or − button. 2. To select the bit rate for the selected COM Port, click the + or − button. 3. To change the parity, click the appropriate button. 4. Click the Ok button to save the changes in “aurora.cfg” file. Aurora 5800 • • • 91 • • • Connecting the COMM Port The RS-232 user interface connector is on the front panel of the Aurora radio. 1. From the main window (Figure 6-1) double-click the Connect button at the lower right-hand side. 2. The AURORA5800 searches the selected comm port that is connected to the radio. A message “connecting over COMx . . .” appears. 3. When the radio is detected at that Comm port, the word “Connected” appears in the message box. 4. The main window displays the radio default configuration parameters. T1/E1 interface Tx and Rx Spread Sequence Tx and Rx RF Frequency Tx Output Power level Alarms The Connect button changes to Disconnect. • • 92 •• • • Chapter 6 Software Utility Program Frequency From the main window (Figure 6-1), click on the Tx or the Rx Frequency button. The Set Frequency dialog box appears. Figure 6-3 is an example of a Set Rx Frequency dialog box. Figure 6-3 Set Rx Frequency dialog box 1. To change the frequency, click the + or − button. 2. When the desired frequency appears, click the Ok button. Small adjustments are possible. Frequency can be adjusted up to 500 kHz away from the nominal channel plan. If the frequency is changed, ensure that the corresponding frequency at the far end is changed also. If the selected frequency is not the same as the frequency displayed on the label, the radio does not function correctly. Aurora 5800 • • • 93 • • • Spread Code From the main window (Figure 6-1), click on the Tx or the Rx Sequence code button. The Set Sequence dialog box appears. Figure 6-4 is an example of the Set Rx Sequence dialog box. Figure 6-4 Set Rx Sequence dialog box There are 4 preset codes to choose from. 1. To change the code, click the ∧ or ∨ button. 2. When the desired code appears, click the Ok button to download the new value. Ensure that the Transmit Code at the far end is the same as the Receive Code at the near end. Otherwise, the radio link does not operate properly. Tx Output Power From the main window (Figure 6-1), click on the Tx Power Interface button. The Tx Power Settings dialog box (Figure 6-5) appears. • • 94 •• • • Chapter 6 Software Utility Program Figure 6-5 Tx Power Settings dialog box Set Alarm Level 1. Use an RF Power Meter to monitor the actual power at the antenna port. 2. Click the big + and − buttons at the top of the dialog box to set the desired alarm power level. The alarm level may be 3 dB below the output level. 3. Click the Set alarm level button to save this setting. Set Power 4. Click the big + and − buttons at the top of the dialog box to set the nominal power level. Tx Power Display 5. Click the small + and − buttons at the bottom right-hand side of the dialog box to display the nominal power level. 6. Click the Set Power button to save this setting. This setting is displayed as a reminder only. This feature does not track the actual power level. Aurora 5800 • • • 95 • • • Init Hardware This dialog box is available only to the professional installer. 1. Right-click the mouse. 2. Choose Init. The Initialization dialog box (Figure 6-6) appears. Figure 6-6 Initialization dialog box 3. Select Interface type. 4. Click the up and down buttons to select the nominal radio frequency pairs. Refer to the frequencies shown on the back label. 5. Click the Ok button to set the new values and start the initialization procedure. Quitting the AURORA5800 Program To quit the program, from the main window click the X in the upper righthand corner. • • 96 •• • • Chapter 6 Software Utility Program Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guideline •••••• General This guideline is offered in troubleshooting the Aurora radio in the unlikely event a trouble occurs. This guideline is intended for new installations only. Always check the radio pairs on a bench before field installation. To perform the bench test, use: • 0-dBi omni antennas or • Cables with a coaxial 60-dB attenuator. Once the radio is installed, normal operation is indicated by the following conditions: • The green PWR LED is on. • The red TX ALM and RX ALM LEDs are off. • The RSSI level is between 0 and 4.8 VDC. Call the Harris Customer Resource Center if the trouble is not resolved. Aurora 5800 • • • 97 • • • Power LED Off If no communication link is achieved, and if the PWR LED (green) is off: • Check the power switch on the left front panel of the radio. • Check the connections to the power source. • Check the power source itself for availability of power. TX Power Alarm If the TX ALM LED (red) is on: • The transmit output power level may be too low (3 dB lower than nominal). Use the AURORA5800 software program to check the power level. RX Data Alarm If the RX ALM LED (red) is on: • There may be a problem in the receive path resulting in a low received signal level, or • The far-end transmitter output power is too low or off, or • There may be a problem with the antenna connection or alignment. Check the receiver’s RSSI voltage level with a DMM. • Level should be between 0 and 4.8 VDC. • If the level is too low (closer to 0 VDC), the antenna may not be properly aligned. Adjust the antenna direction to increase RSSI reading. Check the coaxial cable connections. • • 98 •• • • Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guideline If the RSSI level cannot be improved with antenna adjustment, the remote site transmitter may have a Tx Power alarm. • Go to the remote site and check and correct the transmitter’s output power level. Software Diagnosis If the LEDs and RSSI are normal but still no communication link can be established, use the Aurora 5800 utility software to troubleshoot the problem. The software’s diagnostics provides additional information about the receive and transmit synthesizers, and the status of the LOS and AIS for the digital interface. If the synthesizer has failed or if there is an LOS or AIS alarm, then the radio does not operate normally. In addition, ensure that the radio pairs are configured correctly by re-downloading the receive and transmit synthesizer frequencies and the spread sequence into the radio processor, and then reset the radio transmit power to nominal levels. See the back label for frequency-pair information. LOS Alarm Loss of Signal (LOS) means the DS-1/E1 signal is missing at the input of the modem board. Aurora 5800 • • • 99 • • • Interference Resolution If, after the link is installed, too many path errors are indicated on the T1 or E1 test set, a potential interference problem may exist. Try the following corrective steps. 1. Rotate the antenna direction slightly, and see if there is an improvement in the BER. 2. If no improvement is achieved, rotate the polarization of the antenna at both ends of the link by 90o. 3. If still no improvement is achieved after 2., use the SSRadio software utility program to change the Transmitter and Receiver Spread Sequence. The software provides four different PNs. Use a PN other than the currently installed one, and check for improvement. Make sure the Transmitter Spread Sequence at one end is the same as the Receiver Spread Sequence at the opposite end. Harris recommends that you use different transmit and receive codes within the same radio to minimize the transmit power leakage into the receiver. 4. If no obvious improvement is achieved from the preceding steps, use the SSRadio software and make a slight adjustment to either the transmit or receive synthesizer frequency, or both. • Do not make an adjustment of more than ± 500 kHz from the nominal channel plan (to avoid operating outside of the diplexer filters’ passband). • Ensure that the transmit frequency at one end matches the receive frequency at the opposite end. • • 100 •• • • Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guideline Chapter 8 Connecting to FarScan •••••• Introduction FarScan is a computer-based network supervision system that runs in Microsoft Windows. FarScan performs five primary functions: • • • • • Manual command execution Polling (AutoPoll and SelectPoll) Equipment activity logging FarScan networking Paging Aurora 5800 • • •101 • • • Hardware Interface The FarScan computer can be connected to the Harris radio network locally, or remotely by using standard modems connected to a telephone line. Hardwire Connection Aurora 5800 radio can be connected to FarScan locally by using the FarScan interface cable. The cable (Harris part number 087-108906-025) is connected to the CIT port on the Aurora 5800 radio. Refer to Chapter 2 for more information on the CIT port. Modem Connection A null modem cable is connected to the DATA port (15-pin) on the Aurora 5800 radio. Refer to Chapter 2 for more information on the DATA port. Software Interface Refer to Chapter 6 for instructions on how to connect the COMM port. For More Information Refer to the FarScan for Windows Instruction Manual for more information. • • 102 •• • • Chapter 8 Connecting to FarScan Chapter 9 Customer Service and Warranty Information •••••• Warranty and Product Support Warranty and product support information is provided at the time of purchase with the sales invoice and other sales documents. Read the warranty information on page 108 for the equipment or assembly before contacting the Microwave Communications Division (MCD) Customer Service. Aurora 5800 • • •103 • • • Ordering Spares Harris MCD Aurora 5800 is designed to be repaired at the shelf level. For this reason, parts lists are not furnished with an order, nor are they available. All orders must be at the top radio shelf level for a complete unit. Make all inquiries for spare radios to the Spare Products Support Center at the following address. Harris Microwave Communications Division Spare Products Support Center 3, Hotel de Ville Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec CANADA H9B 3G4 Tel: 1-800-227-8332 (U.S.A.) 1-800-465-4654 (Canada) (+1) 514-421-8333 Fax: (+1) 514-421-3555 The Customer Resource Center is now available on the worldwide web at http://www.microwave.harris.com/cservice/. Repair and Return Harris MCD repairs all its manufactured products as well as coordinates repairs on vendor items that are part of its systems. The standard repair turnaround time for current models of some products is 5 working days upon receipt of the defective parts. Repair turnaround time for other products is 15 working days. Discontinued items repair turnaround is subject to the availability of spares. Emergency repair is available with a 24-hour turnaround time for current production models of some products and 48 hours for other products. Turnaround time for Manufacturing Discontinued items is subject to the nature of the problems. Emergency repairs are billed at actual repair price • • 104 •• • • Chapter 9 Customer Service and Warranty Information (zero for warranty units) plus some surcharge per radio. Our normal shipping time is 4 P.M. (Central Time) unless special shipping instruction is requested. Repair charges and turnaround time for OEM (vendor) items are set by Harris MCD suppliers. Our close working relationships with our suppliers assure us of the best repair prices and turnaround time. Repair charges are billed at supplier’s cost plus the necessary handling fee. Module Exchange You may prefer to receive a replacement radio before you send your defective unit to us. Harris MCD maintains an inventory of many different configurations that can be shipped to you within 24 hours. Radios that require retuning or reconfiguring can be shipped within 48 hours. All exchanged radios must be returned to us within 15 days to avoid getting invoiced for the difference between the exchange price and the list price. Evaluation Fee There is an evaluation charge per unit if no trouble is found and no repair is required. Unrepairable Units Equipment that has been damaged because of customer negligence or that has parts removed will be repaired at the prevailing flat repair fee, or on a time-and-material basis, whichever is higher and regardless of the warranty status. Any equipment that is determined to be unrepairable will be returned to the customer. An evaluation fee will be assessed. This fee will be refunded if the customer purchases a replacement radio within 30 days. Aurora 5800 • • • 105 • • • Return Freight Harris MCD prepays standard return freight back to our customers on warranty repairs. Return freight back to customers on billable repairs is invoiced to the customers. The customer pays for shipping units to Harris MCD for both warranty and out-of-warranty repairs. Special shipping requests may be subject to additional charge. All shipments outside the continental USA and Canada are subject to additional handling charge per shipment. Please pack the unit carefully using static-free, sturdy packaging to prevent damage during transit. Return Material Authorization Before sending in your equipment for repair, first contact the Harris MCD and request a return material authorization (RMA) number. Obtaining an RMA number insures you that the repairs will be done in a timely manner and prevents any delays due to incomplete information. Please provide the following information: 1. Your name, company, and telephone number. 2. Equipment type, part number, and sales order number (labeled on back of shelf). 3. Detailed description of the problem. 4. Purchase order number. 5. Billing and shipping addresses. 6. Any special return packing or shipping instructions. 7. If required, customs clearance information. • • 106 •• • • Chapter 9 Customer Service and Warranty Information Repair Telephone and Fax Numbers U.S.A. and Canada Tel: 1-800-227-8332 (U.S.A. only) 1-800-465-4654 (Canada only) (+1) 514-421-8333 Fax: (+1) 514-421-3555 Repair Service Locations When you receive the RMA number, the Harris MCD customer service representative will instruct you to ship your defective unit(s) to one of the following addresses. U.S.A. Harris Microwave Communications Division Attn: Customer Service, RMA #_ _ _ _ _ 5727 Farinon Drive San Antonio, TX 78249 Canada Harris Microwave Communications Division Attn: Customer Service, RMA #_ _ _ _ _ 3, Hotel de Ville Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec CANADA H9B 3G4 Aurora 5800 • • • 107 • • • Customer Training Harris MCD offers courses in microwave, lightwave, and multiplex system operation designed to maximize product performance and minimize maintenance costs. Regular classes are held in our Redwood Shores, California, and Montreal, Canada facilities. Special classes can be held at customer sites. Training is available for standard products. All other training requirements must be quoted by the Customer Training Department. For information call 1-800-227-8332 or 1-800-465-4654. Standard Product Warranty Terms Harris MCD warrants that each product of its own manufacture shall, at the time of delivery and for a period of 24 months thereafter, be free from defects in materials and workmanship. For such products that are installed by Harris MCD, this warranty shall extend for 18 months from date of installation, provided that the time from the date of delivery to the date of installation does not exceed 6 months. Such warranty shall not include any consumable components to which a specific manufacturer’s guarantee applies. If any Harris MCD product shall prove to be defective in materials or workmanship under normal intended usage, operation, and maintenance during the applicable warranty period as determined by Harris MCD after examination of the product claimed to be defective, then Harris MCD shall repair or replace, at Harris MCD’s sole option, such defective product, in accordance with procedures specified below, at its own expense, exclusive, however, of the cost of labor by the customer’s own employees, agents or contractors in identifying, removing or replacing the defective part(s) of the product. In composite equipment assemblies and systems, which include equipment of such other than Harris MCD manufacture, Harris MCD’s responsibility under this warranty provision for the non-Harris MCD manufactured portion of the equipment shall be limited to the other equipment manufacturer’s standard warranty. Provided, however, that if the other manufacturer’s standard warranty period is of a shorter duration than the warranty period applicable to Harris MCD’s manufactured equipment, then Harris MCD shall extend additional coverage to such other equipment • • 108 •• • • Chapter 9 Customer Service and Warranty Information manufacturer’s warranty equal to the differential in time between the expiration of the other manufacturer’s warranty and the duration of Harris MCD’s manufactured equipment warranty applicable to such order. Harris MCD shall repair or replace, at Harris MCD’s sole option, such other manufacturer’s defective part(s) within 60 days after receipt of such parts by Harris MCD in accordance with the below specified procedures, at Harris MCD’s own expense, exclusive, however, of cost of labor by the customer’s own employees, agents or contractors in identifying, removing or replacing the defective part(s) of the product. An authorization to return products to Harris MCD under this warranty must be obtained from a Harris MCD representative prior to making shipment to Harris MCD’s plant, and all returns shall be shipped freight prepaid. Collect shipments will not be accepted, but Harris MCD will prepay return freight charges on repaired and replaced products found to be actually defective. Liability of Harris MCD for breach of any and all warranties hereunder is expressly limited to the repair or replacement of defective products as set forth in this section, and in no event shall Harris MCD be liable for special, incidental or consequential damages by reason of any breach of warranty or defect in materials or workmanship. Harris MCD shall not be responsible for repair or replacement of products that have been subjected to neglect, accident or improper use, or that have been altered by other than authorized Harris MCD personnel. Any warranties or conditions made herein by Harris are exclusive, made in lieu of all other warranties or conditions, express or implied (except to title) including, but not limited to, any implied warranty or condition of merchantability, any implied warranty or condition of fitness for a particular purpose, or any warranty or condition arising out of performance or custom or usage of trade. Customer acknowledges any circumstances causing any such exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose shall not affect any Harris warranty. Aurora 5800 • • • 109 • • • Limitation of Damages Harris’ total and maximum liability under this agreement or in connection with the subject matter of this agreement or any transaction related to this agreement, shall be limited to one-half (1/2) of the aggregate amount paid to Harris, regardless of the basis for such liability. Customer acknowledges and agrees this section shall be enforceable in the event of any claim made in connection with this agreement, including, but not limited to, any claim for failure of delivery. In no event shall Harris be liable for any punitive, special, incidental, or consequential damages, including, but not limited to lost profits, opportunities or savings or for any loss of use of, or loss of data or information of any kind, however caused or for any full or partial loss of performance of any product, even if Harris has been advised of the possibility of such damages. • • 110 •• • • Chapter 9 Customer Service and Warranty Information Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses •••••• This appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests. Aurora 5800 • • • 111 • • • T1/E1 Diplexers The RF filter response graphs are shown in Figure A-1 through Figure A-6. Figure A-1 CH1 S21 Filter with center frequency of 5.735 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -5.9761 dB 5 749.820 000 MHz 1_ -2.9798 dB 5.735 GHz 2_ -6.003 dB 5.721 GHz CH2 S11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-20.845 dB 5 749.820 000 MHz CENTER 5 735.000 000 MHz • • 112 •• • • Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses SPAN 150.000 000 MHz Figure A-2 CH1 S21 Filter with center frequency of 5.755 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -6.1175 dB 5 770.585 001 MHz 1_ -3.1119 dB 5.755 GHz 2_ -6.1371 dB 5.741 GHz CH2 S11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-10.945 dB 5 770.585 001 MHz CENTER 5 755.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz Aurora 5800 • • • 113 • • • Figure A-3 CH1 S21 Filter with center frequency of 5.775 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -5.7667 dB 5 790.050 002 MHz 1_ -2.7971 dB 5.775 GHz 2_ -5.8321 dB 5.761 GHz CH2 S11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-12.904 dB 5 790.050 002 MHz CENTER 5 775.000 000 MHz • • 114 •• • • Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses SPAN 150.000 000 MHz Figure A-4 CH1 S21 Filter with center frequency of 5.8 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -5.991 dB 5 814.845 001 MHz 1_ -3.0377 dB 5.800 GHz 2_ -6.01 dB 5.785 GHz CH2 S11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-12.909 dB 5 814.845 001 MHz CENTER 5 800.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz Aurora 5800 • • • 115 • • • Figure A-5 CH1 S21 Filter with center frequency of 5.82 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -6.2021 dB 5 834.635 003 MHz 1_ -3.2001 dB 5.82 GHz 2_ -6.2019 dB 5.806 GHz CH2 S11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-10.913 dB 5 834.635 003 MHz CENTER 5 820.000 000 MHz • • 116 •• • • Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses SPAN 150.000 000 MHz Figure A-6 CH1 S21 Filter with center frequency of 5.84 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -6.241 dB 5 854.760 002 MHz 1_ -3.2412 dB 5.840 GHz 2_ -6.1996 dB 5.826 GHz CH2 S11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-14.527 dB 5 854.760 002 MHz CENTER 5 840.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz Aurora 5800 • • • 117 • • • 2T1/2E1 Diplexers Figure A-7 CH1 B/R Filter with center frequency of 5.741 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -5.8986 dB 5 760.005 002 MHz 1_ -5.8924 dB 5.722 GHz 2_ -2.8476 dB 5.741 GHz CH2 S 11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-15.435 dB 5 760.005 002 MHz 1_:-10.233 dB 5.722 GHz 2_:-22.014 dB 5.741 GHz CENTER 5 741.000 000 MHz • • 118 •• • • Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses SPAN 150.000 000 MHz Figure A-8 CH1 B/R Filter with center frequency of 5.772 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -5.6245 dB 5 790.915 120 MHz 1_ -5.6025 dB 5.753 GHz 2_ -2.605 dB 5.772 GHz CH2 S 11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-10.493 dB 5 790.915 120 MHz 1_:-7.135 dB 5.753 GHz 2_:-19.927 dB 5.772 GHz CENTER 5 772.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.120 000 MHz Aurora 5800 • • • 119 • • • Figure A-9 CH1 B/R Filter with center frequency of 5.803 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -5.8215 dB 5 821.805 002 MHz 1_ -5.8229 dB 5.783 GHz 2_ -2.866 dB 5.803 GHz CH2 S 11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-9.9514 dB 5 821.805 002 MHz 1_:-14.808 dB 5.783 GHz 2_:-17.158 dB 5.803 GHz CENTER 5 803.000 000 MHz • • 120 •• • • Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses SPAN 150.000 000 MHz Figure A-10 CH1 B/R Filter with center frequency of 5.834 GHz log MAG 10 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_ -6.001 dB 5 853.030 120 MHz 1_ -6.0013 dB 5.815 GHz 2_ -3.07 dB 5.834 GHz CH2 S 11 log MAG 5 dB/ REF 0 dB 3_:-18.937 dB 5 853.030 120 MHz 1_:-11.868 dB 5.815 GHz 2_:-23.856 dB 5.834 GHz CENTER 5 834.000 000 MHz SPAN 150.000 000 MHz Aurora 5800 • • • 121 • • • This page intentionally blank. • • 122 •• • • Appendix A Transmit or Receive RF Filter Responses Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 •••••• This appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests. Refer to Appendix A for RF filter response graphs. Transmitter RF Test Transmit RF Spectrum (FCC Part 15.247) Figure B-1 Transmit RF spectrum Aurora 5800 • • •123 • • • Receiver Tests Test Setup Figure B-2 Receiver test setup 40 to 130 dB Variable Attenuator Radio 1 BERT BERT Direction Transmit • • 124 •• • • Radio 2 Receive Radio 1 at 5775 MHz Radio 2 at 5775 MHz Radio 2 at 5840 MHz Radio 1 at 5840 MHz Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 Receiver Sensitivity Code used: 2CF8 Requirement: Input threshold at BER 10-6 ≤ −87 dBm Results: Both directions use same spread sequence. Code 3F0C 2CF8 1F35 Input Threshold at BER 10-6 (dBm) Direction −92 −91 −91 −90 −90 −89 Aurora 5800 • • • 125 • • • Dispersive Fade Margin Test Conditions Direction A code: 1F35 Direction B code: 1F35 Fade simulator is inserted in the 140-MHz IF path. RCV input level is at nominal - 40 dBm. Direction A See Table B-1 and Table B-2 for the results of this test for Direction A. Table B-1 Notch Frequency (MHz) 134 • • 126 •• • • Direction A, minimal phase Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition 40 at 134.8 MHz 40 at 136.3 MHz 136 19.0 24.5 138 20.4 24.5 40 at 139.2 MHz 40 140 32.0 33.5 39.4 39.0 142 24.4 27.5 40 at 140.5 MHz 40 144 27.8 40 at 143.5 MHz 145 40 at 144.4 MHz Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 Table B-2 Direction A, non-minimal phase Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition 134 40 at 135.7 MHz 136 39.5 > 40 138 39.0 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0 140 32.8 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0 142 25.9 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0 144 31.0 40 at 143.3 MHz 146 40 at 144.4 MHz DFM = 56.17 dB for BER = 1E-6 DFM = 64.70 dB for BER = 1E-3 See Figure B-3 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6, and Figure B-4 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3. Figure B-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A Aurora 5800 • • • 127 • • • Figure B-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A Direction B See Table B-3 and Table B-4 for the results of this test for Direction B. Table B-3 Notch Frequency (MHz) 134 • • 128 •• • • Direction B, minimal phase Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition 40 at 134.8 MHz 40 at 135.8 MHz 136 21.0 28.0 138 27.5 29.5 40 at 138.5 MHz 40.0 140 27.4 32.0 37.0 34.0 142 22.0 28.2 33.0 30.0 144 27.0 > 40 > 40 144.3 40.0 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 Table B-4 Direction B, non-minimal phase Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition 135.7 40.0 136 39.5 138 39.0 > 40.0 > 40.0 > 40.0 140 32.8 > 40.0 > 40.0 > 40.0 142 25.9 28.5 34.0 31.0 144 31.0 40 at 143.3 MHz > 40 > 40 144.4 40.0 DFM = 57.74 dB for BER = 1E-6 DFM = 68.86 dB for BER = 1E-3 See Figure B-5 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6 and Figure B-6 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3. Figure B-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B Aurora 5800 • • • 129 • • • Figure B-6 • • 130 •• • • W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 Dynamic Fading Sweep Notch Depth Range See Table B-5 for sweep notch depth range at certain notch frequencies for BER < 10-6 region; elapse time = 0.1 sec. Table B-5 Sweep notch depth range Direction A Notch Depth (dB) Direction B Notch Depth (dB) Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase 135.0 0 to 28 0 to 36 0 to 18 0 to 32 138.0 0 to 17 0 to 35 0 to 30 0 to 40 140.0 0 to 26 0 to 30 0 to 31 0 to 26 142.0 0 to 18 0 to 21 0 to 28 0 to 18 145.0 0 to 39 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40 Notch Frequency (MHz) Sweep Notch Frequency Table B-6 Notch Frequency (MHz) 115 to 165 Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) Direction A Notch Depth (dB) Direction B Notch Depth (dB) Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase 17.5 21.0 19.0 22.0 Aurora 5800 • • • 131 • • • Flat Fading Sweep for ultimate error-free attenuation range (flat fading), elapse time: 0.1 sec. Note: Attenuation is inserted in the IF path. RF AGC is disabled. Only the dynamic performance of the IF AGC is tested. Direction A: 0 to 55 dB Direction B: 0 to 55 dB Interference Performance The effect of an interfering signal into a digital radio receiver is characterized by a 1 dB degradation in the BER = 1 × 10 -6 (static) and 1 × 10 -3 (outage) thresholds. The standard for this characteristic is the threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio, as defined in EIA/TIA Document TSB10-F. [Ref 5] The test was performed for sinewave (narrowband) interference and for like signal (wideband) interference. The method used in this test follows the TIA Bulletin TSB-10-F Standard T/I measurement recommendation. The C/I uses nominal receiver input level (− 40 dBm), and then interference is injected to get a BER of 10-6. C/I is the ratio of the signal to interference ratio at this point, measured in direction A only. • • 132 •• • • Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 Narrowband Interference Figure B-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset Figure B-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset Aurora 5800 • • • 133 • • • Wideband Interference • • 134 •• • • Figure B-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 1F35) Figure B-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 1F35, Direction B: 3F0C) Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 Figure B-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset Aurora 5800 • • • 135 • • • FCC Part 15, Compliance Processing Gain Performance Test Test method recommended by FCC 97-114 is the CW Jamming Margin Method. Characteristic Value Data rate T1 (1.544 Mb/s) Chip rate 11 chips/bit Designed processing gain 10.4 dB Test Setup Test setup is shown in Figure B-12. Figure B-12 Processing gain test setup Transmitter Variable Attenuator HP435B Power Meter Comb/ Splitter HP8648C Signal Generator Data Out • • 136 •• • • Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 Comb/ Splitter Variable Attenuator Receiver HP37701A Communications Analyzer Data In Jamming Margin (J/S Ratio) (for BER 10-5) The test was performed in Direction B. 50 kHz increments were used in this test; the worst 20% were discarded. See Table B-7. After the worst 20% (64 points marked with (x)) were discarded, the lowest J/S ratio was - 0.5 dB (marked with (**)). Hence Mj = − 0.5 dB. The S/N ratio for ideal noncoherent receiver is calculated from Pe = ½ e(-½ (S/N)o ), where Pe = 10-5. Hence (S/N)o = 13.3 dB. The processing gain can be calculated as Gp = (S/N)o + Mj + Lsys where Lsys = System Loss. No more than 2 dB loss is allowed (we assumed 0 dB). Hence Gp = 13.3 − 0.5 + 0.0 = 12.8 dB, better than the designed coding gain of 10.4 dB and better than the FCC’s minimum requirement of 10 dB. Aurora 5800 • • • 137 • • • Jamming margin (J/S ratio) (for BER 10-5) for T1 Table B-7 Freq. Offset (MHz) −8.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 −7.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 • • 138 •• • • J/S (dB) Freq. Offset (MHz) 5.2 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.8 7.2 7.2 6.7 6.2 6.0 5.4 5.4 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.3 3.7 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.4 −6.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 −5.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 J/S (dB) 0.8 −0.1 (x) −1.0 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.8 (x) −2.0 (x) −2.0 (x) −1.7 (x) −0.8 −0.2 1.2 1.9 2.8 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.6 2.9 2.3 1.9 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.3 Freq. Offset (MHz) −4.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 −3.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.0 −0.4 −0.5 (x) −0.8 −0.2 (**) −0.5 −0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.9 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.1 1.9 0.8 0.8 0.3 Freq. Offset (MHz) −2.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 −1.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) (x) −0.5 (x) −0.8 (x) −1.1 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.4 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.9 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 (x) −0.6 −0.3 0.1 0.1 −0.2 −0.1 −0.3 −0.2 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.9 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.0 −0.1 (x) −1.7 (x) −3.0 (x) −4.0 (x) −4.6 (x) −4.8 (x) −5.2 (x) −5.8 Freq. Offset (MHz) 0.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 +1.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) (x) −4.3 (x) −4.3 (x) −4.9 (x) −4.7 (x) −3.8 (x) −3.5 (x) −2.2 (x) −1.4 (x) −0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.4 −0.2 (x) −0.5 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.8 (x) −2.6 (x) −2.2 (x) −2.5 (x) −2.1 (x) −2.4 (x) −2.3 (x) −2.4 (x) −3.0 (x) −2.5 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.9 (x) −1.9 (x) −1.8 (x) −2.1 Freq. Offset (MHz) +2.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 +3.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) (x) −2.1 (x) −2.1 (x) −1.8 (x) −1.1 0.0 0.5 1.1 2.0 2.6 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.4 1.9 1.3 0.6 −0.3 (x) −0.8 (x) −1.1 (x) −1.4 (x) −0.5 −0.1 −0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.3 2.2 2.8 Freq. Offset (MHz) +4.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 +5.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) 3.9 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.5 2.8 2.3 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.8 −0.2 (x) −0.5 (x) −0.5 −0.3 −0.3 (x) −0.7 Freq. Offset (MHz) +6.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 +7.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 +8.00 J/S (dB) −0.2 2.0 2.2 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.1 6.0 6.1 6.4 6.0 5.1 4.4 4.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.4 4.0 4.1 4.2 5.2 5.9 6.4 7.2 7.6 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.9 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.7 Aurora 5800 • • • 139 • • • Jitter Transfer Function Figure 0-1 Jitter transfer (DS1) Environmental Performance Temperature Performance Direction B, Code: 2CF8 Temperature (°C) Tx Power (dBm) Rx Threshold (dBm) 19.2 −91 25 19.0 −90 50 18.7 −88.5 Long-Term Error Performance Receiver input level is set at the nominal − 40 dBm at room temperature. Both transmitter and receiver achieved error-free performance over temperature cycling for 0oC to +50oC for continuous 8-hour testing. Power Consumption Measurement Input: 110 VAC Power consumed: 21 watts • • 140 •• • • Appendix B Typical Radio Performance Results for T1 Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 •••••• This appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests. See Appendix A for RF filter response graphs. Transmitter RF Test Transmit RF Spectrum Figure C-1 Transmit RF spectrum Aurora 5800 • • •141 • • • Receiver Tests Test Setup Figure C-2 Receiver test setup 40 to 130 dB Variable Attenuator Radio 1 BERT BERT Direction Transmit • • 142 •• • • Radio 2 Receive Radio 1 at 5775 MHz Radio 2 at 5775 MHz Radio 2 at 5840 MHz Radio 1 at 5840 MHz Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 Receiver Sensitivity Code used: 05B8 Requirement: Input threshold at BER 10-6 ≤ −87 dBm Results: Both directions use same spread sequence. Table C-1 Direction Receiver sensitivity Rx Input (dBm) At −90 BER = 1E-6 −94 BER = 1E-3 −96 Sync loss −95 Re-acquisition −89 BER = 1E-6 −93 BER = 1E-3 −96 Sync loss −95 Re-acquisition Dispersive Fade Margin Test Conditions Direction A code: 05B8 Direction B code: 05B8 Fade simulator is inserted in the 140-MHz IF path. RCV input level is at nominal − 40 dBm. Direction A See Table C-2 and Table C-3 for the results of this test for Direction A. Aurora 5800 • • • 143 • • • Table C-2 Notch Frequency (MHz) Direction A, minimal phase Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition 40 at 135.7 MHz 136 24.0 40 at 135.1 MHz 138 29.3 33.1 > 40 > 40 140 33.4 36.4 > 40 > 40 142 27.1 32.0 > 40 > 40 144 30.0 40 at 142.7 MHz 40 at 144.4 MHz Table C-3 Notch Frequency (MHz) Direction A, non-minimal phase Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition 40 at 135.9 MHz 136 39.0 138 34.7 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0 140 > 40 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0 142 28.0 34 > 40.0 > 40.0 144 40 40 at 142.6 MHz DFM = 62.17 dB for BER = 1E-6 DFM = 70.26 dB for BER = 1E-3 See Figure C-3 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6, and Figure C-4 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3. • • 144 •• • • Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 Figure C-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A Figure C-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A Aurora 5800 • • • 145 • • • Direction B See Table C-4 and Table C-5 for the results of this test for Direction B. Table C-4 Notch Frequency (MHz) Direction B, minimal phase Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition 40 at 135.9 MHz 136 39.0 138 34.7 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0 140 > 40 > 40 > 40.0 > 40.0 142 28.0 34 > 40.0 > 40.0 144 40 40 at 142.6 MHz Table C-5 Direction B, non-minimal phase Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition 136 40 at 136.2 MHz 138 39.1 > 40 > 40 > 40 140 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40 142 33.3 > 40 > 40 > 40 144 40 at 143.6 MHz DFM = 66.91 dB for BER = 1E-6 DFM = 71.05 dB for BER = 1E-3 See Figure C-5 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6 and Figure C-6 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3. • • 146 •• • • Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 Figure C-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B Figure C-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B Aurora 5800 • • • 147 • • • Dynamic Fading Sweep Notch Depth Range Table C-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec) Direction A Notch Depth (dB) Direction B Notch Depth (dB) Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase 135.0 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40 140.0 0 to 33 0 to 40 0 to 32 0 to 40 145.0 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40 0 to 40 Notch Frequency (MHz) Sweep Notch Frequency Table C-7 Notch Frequency (MHz) Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) Direction A Notch Depth (dB) Direction B Notch Depth (dB) Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase 23.0 27.0 28.0 32.0 115 to 165 Flat Fading Sweep for ultimate error-free attenuation range (flat fading), elapse time: 0.1 sec. Note: Attenuation is inserted in the IF path. RF AGC is disabled. Only the dynamic performance of the IF AGC is tested. Direction A: 0 to 65 dB Direction B: 0 to 65 dB • • 148 •• • • Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 Interference Performance The effect of an interfering signal into a digital radio receiver is characterized by a 1 dB degradation in the BER = 1 × 10 -6 (static) and 1 × 10 -3 (outage) thresholds. The standard for this characteristic is the threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio, as defined in EIA/TIA Document TSB-10-F. [5] The test was performed for sinewave (narrowband) interference and for like signal (wideband) interference. The method used in this test follows the TIA Bulletin TSB-10-F Standard T/I measurement recommendation. The C/I uses nominal receiver input level (− 40 dBm), and then interference is injected to get a BER of 10-6. C/I is the ratio of the signal to interference ratio at this point, measured in direction A only. Narrowband Interference Figure C-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset Aurora 5800 • • • 149 • • • Figure C-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset Wideband Interference Figure C-9 • • 150 •• • • T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8) Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 Figure C-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 0247) Figure C-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset Aurora 5800 • • • 151 • • • Jitter Performance Input Jitter Tolerance HDB3 input ports were tested according to ITU-T Rec. G.823, Table 2 (215 −1 pseudorandom test signal used). Table C-8 Test results, input jitter tolerance Test Frequency Jitter Frequency Tolerable Input Jitter G.823 Lower Limit (UIp-p) (UIp-p) (Hz) f0 1.2 ×10-5 > 40 36.9 f1 20 10 1.5 f2 2.4 k 10 1.5 f3 18 k 3.6 0.2 f4 100 k 0.7 0.2 The input jitter tolerance complies with Figure 3/G.823 and Table 2/G.823 requirements. Output Jitter The output jitter complies with Figure 4/G.823 and Table 3/G.921 (same pseudorandom test signal used as in preceding test). The output jitter in the absence of input jitter frequency in the range f0 to f4, is less than 0.1 UIp-p; Table 3/G.921 allows for 0.2 UIp-p. Jitter Gain The jitter gain in the frequency range, f0 to f4, is far below (worst case, − 4 dB) the limit of 3 dB specified in Section 1.3.2.3/G.921. • • 152 •• • • Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 Jitter Transfer Characteristic Table C-9 shows that test results exceeded the standards of Figure 4/G.823 and AT&T 62411. Table C-9 Test results, jitter transfer characteristic Test Frequency Jitter Frequency (Hz) Jitter Attenuation (dB) AT&T 62411 Upper Limit (dB) f0 1.2 × 10-5 4.0 f5 20 28.0 f6 2k 45.0 40 >2k > 45.0 40 Environmental Performance Temperature Performance Temperature (°C) Tx Power (dBm) Rx Threshold (dBm) 19.2 −91 25 19.0 −89 50 18.7 −88.5 Long-Term Error Performance Receiver input level is set at the nominal − 40 dBm at room temperature. Both transmitter and receiver achieved error-free performance over temperature cycling for 0oC to +50oC for continuous 8-hour testing. Aurora 5800 • • • 153 • • • Power Consumption Measurement Input: 110 VAC Power consumed: 21 watts • • 154 •• • • Appendix C Typical Radio Performance Results for E1 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 •••••• This appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests. Refer to Appendix A for RF filter response graphs. Transmitter RF Test Transmit RF Spectrum (FCC Part 15.247) Figure D-1 Transmit RF spectrum Aurora 5800 • • •155 • • • Receiver Tests Test Setup Figure D-2 Receiver test setup 40 to 130 dB Variable Attenuator Radio 1 Radio 2 BERT BERT Direction Transmit • • 156 •• • • Receive Radio 1 at 5741 MHz Radio 2 at 5741 MHz Radio 2 at 5803 MHz Radio 1 at 5803 MHz Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 Receiver Sensitivity Code used: 05B8 Requirement: Input threshold at BER 10-6 ≤ −85 dBm Results: Both directions use same spread sequence. Table D-1 Direction Receiver sensitivity Rx Input (dBm) At −90 BER = 1E-6 −95 Sync loss −94 Re-acquisition −89 BER = 1E-6 −94 Sync loss −93 Re-acquisition Dispersive Fade Margin Test Conditions Direction A code: 05B8 Direction B code: 05B8 Fade simulator is inserted in the 140-MHz IF path. RCV input level is at nominal − 40 dBm. Aurora 5800 • • • 157 • • • Direction A See Table D-2 and Table D-3 for the results of this test for Direction A. Table D-2 Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 134 40.0 136 28.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 138 25.5 > 40 > 40 > 40 140 29.5 > 40 > 40 > 40 142 29.5 > 40 > 40 > 40 144 31.5 > 40 > 40 > 40 146 40 at 144.5 MHz Table D-3 • • 158 •• • • Direction A, minimal phase Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition Direction A, non-minimal phase Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 134 > 40 136 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40 138 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40 140 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40 142 34.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 144 30.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 146 40 at 144.8 MHz Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition DFM = 61.68 dB for BER = 1E-6 DFM = 74.54 dB for BER = 1E-3 See Figure D-3 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6, and Figure D-4 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3. Figure D-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A Notch depth (dB) 45 40 35 Min-Phase 30 Non-min Phase 25 20 -8 -6 -4 -2 Frequency Offset (MHz) W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A Figure D-4 Notch depth (dB) 45 40 35 Min Phase 30 Non-min Phase 25 20 -8 -6 -4 -2 Frequency Offset (MHz) Aurora 5800 • • • 159 • • • Direction B See Table D-4 and Table D-5 for the results of this test for Direction B. Table D-4 Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 134 40 at 134.5 MHz 136 28.5 > 40 > 40 > 40 138 40.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 140 31.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 142 31.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 144 34.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 146 40 at 144.6 MHz Table D-5 • • 160 •• • • Direction B, minimal phase Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition Direction B, non-minimal phase Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 134 > 40 136 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40 138 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40 140 > 40 > 40 > 40 > 40 142 37.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 144 39.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 146 40 at 144.2 MHz Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition DFM = 66.27 dB for BER = 1E-6 DFM = 74.54 dB for BER = 1E-3 See Figure D-5 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6 and Figure D-6 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3. Figure D-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B Notch depth (dB) 45 40 35 Min Phase 30 Non-min Phase 25 20 -8 -6 -4 -2 Frequency Offset (MHz) Figure D-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B Notch depth (dB) 45 40 35 Min Phase 30 Non-min phase 25 20 -8 -6 -4 -2 Frequency Offset (MHz) Aurora 5800 • • • 161 • • • Dynamic Fading Sweep Notch Depth Range Table D-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec) Direction A Notch Depth (dB) Direction B Notch Depth (dB) Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase 135.0 28.0 > 40 26.0 > 40 140.0 30.0 > 40 31.0 > 40 145.0 30.0 > 40 > 40 > 40 Notch Frequency (MHz) Sweep Notch Frequency Table D-7 Notch Frequency (MHz) Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) Direction A Notch Depth (dB) Direction B Notch Depth (dB) Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase 26.0 31.0 24.0 28.0 115 to 165 Flat Fading Sweep for ultimate error-free attenuation range (flat fading), elapse time: 0.1 sec. Note: Attenuation is inserted in the IF path. RF AGC is disabled. Only the dynamic performance of the IF AGC is tested. Direction A: 0 to 62 dB Direction B: 0 to 64 dB • • 162 •• • • Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 Interference Performance The effect of an interfering signal into a digital radio receiver is characterized by a 1-dB degradation in the BER = 1 × 10-6 (static) and 1 × 10-3 (outage) thresholds. The standard for this characteristic is the threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio, as defined in EIA/TIA Document TSB-10-F. [5] The test was performed for sinewave (narrowband) interference and for like signal (wideband) interference. The method used in this test follows the TIA Bulletin TSB-10-F Standard T/I measurement recommendation. The C/I uses nominal receiver input level (− 40 dBm), and then interference is injected to get a BER of 10-6. C/I is the ratio of the signal to interference ratio at this point, measured in direction A only. Aurora 5800 • • • 163 • • • Narrowband Interference T/I (dB) Figure D-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset 20 10 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 T/I (dB) -20 -15 -10 -5 10 15 20 Interference Frequency Offset Figure D-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset 10 C/I (dB) -10 -20 C/I (dB) -30 -40 -50 -60 -20 -15 -10 -5 10 Interference Frequency Offset • • 164 •• • • Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 15 20 Wideband Interference Figure D-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8) T/I (dB) 15 10 -5 -10 T/I (dB) -15 -20 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 10 15 20 25 30 Interference Frequency Offset (MHz) Figure D-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 3F0C) 15 10 T/I (dB) T/I (dB) -5 -10 -15 -20 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 10 15 20 25 30 Interference Frequency Offset Figure D-11 C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset C/I (dB) -5 C/I (dB) -10 -15 -20 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 10 15 20 25 30 Interference Frequency Offset (M Hz) Aurora 5800 • • • 165 • • • FCC Part 15, Compliance Processing Gain Performance Test Test method recommended by FCC 97-114 is the CW Jamming Margin Method. Characteristic Value Data rate 2T1 (3.208 Mb/s) Chip rate 11 chips/bit Designed processing gain 10.4 dB Test Setup Test setup is shown in Figure D-12. Figure D-12 Processing gain test setup Transmitter Variable Attenuator HP435B Power Meter Comb/ Splitter HP8648C Signal Generator Data Out • • 166 •• • • Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 Comb/ Splitter Variable Attenuator Receiver HP37701A Communications Analyzer Data In Jamming Margin (J/S Ratio) (for BER 10-5) The test was performed in Direction B. 50-kHz increments were used in this test; the worst 20% were discarded. See Table D-8. After the worst 20% (64 points marked with (x)) were discarded, the lowest J/S ratio was −1.2 dB (marked with (**)). Hence Mj = −1.2 dB. The S/N ratio for ideal noncoherent receiver is calculated from Pe = ½ e(-½ (S/N)o ), where Pe = 10-5. Hence (S/N)o = 13.3 dB. The processing gain can be calculated as Gp = (S/N)o + Mj + Lsys where Lsys = System Loss. No more than 2-dB loss is allowed (we assumed 0 dB). Hence Gp = 13.3 − 1.2 + 0.0 = 12.1 dB, better than the designed coding gain of 10.4 dB and better than the FCC’s minimum requirement of 10 dB. Aurora 5800 • • • 167 • • • Jamming margin (J/S ratio) (for BER 10-5) for 2T1 Table D-8 Freq. Offset (MHz) −10.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 −9.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 • • 168 •• • • J/S (dB) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 −0.1 −0.1 −0.2 −0.2 −0.1 −0.1 −0.1 0.0 −0.1 −0.2 −0.2 −0.3 −0.3 −0.4 −0.4 −0.4 −0.4 −0.6 −0.6 Freq. Offset (MHz) −8.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 −7.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 J/S (dB) −1.2 −1.1 −1.2 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.8 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.8 (x) −1.8 (x) −1.8 (x) −1.8 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.4 (x) −1.4 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 −1.0 −1.1 −1.1 −1.2 (**) −1.2 −1.1 −1.1 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.4 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.4 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.4 (x) −1.5 Freq. Offset (MHz) −6.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 −5.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) (x) −1.6 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.4 (x) −1.3 −1.2 −1.2 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 −1.2 −1.2 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.7 (x) −1.3 −0.7 (x) −1.6 (x) −1.9 (x) −1.7 Freq. Offset (MHz) − 4.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 −3.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) (x) −1.5 (x) −1.4 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.3 (x) −1.4 (x) −1.5 (x) −1.2 −1.0 −1.0 −0.9 −0.8 −0.5 −0.6 −0.7 −0.8 −0.9 −0.9 −0.9 −1.0 (x) −1.2 (x) −1.2 (x) −1.2 −1.1 −1.0 −1.0 −0.9 −0.6 −0.3 −0.5 −0.7 −0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 −0.1 Freq. Offset (MHz) −2.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 −1.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) −0.1 −0.2 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 −0.1 −0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 −0.2 −0.4 −0.4 −0.4 −0.5 −0.7 −0.7 −0.7 −0.4 −0.2 −0.2 −0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 Freq. Offset (MHz) 0.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 +1.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 −0.1 −0.2 −0.1 −0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 Freq. Offset (MHz) +2.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 +3.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) Freq. Offset (MHz) 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 + 4.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 +5.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 Aurora 5800 • • • 169 • • • Freq. Offset (MHz) +6.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 J/S (dB) Freq. Offset (MHz) 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 J/S (dB) +7.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 Freq. Offset (MHz) 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 +8.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 Jitter Transfer Function Figure D-13 • • 170 •• • • Jitter transfer (DS1) Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 J/S (dB) Freq. Offset (MHz) 3.8 4.1 4.6 5.2 6.0 6.0 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.6 +9.00 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 .80 .85 .90 .95 +10.00 J/S (dB) 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.7 7.9 8.0 6.9 8.2 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.8 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.8 10.2 Environmental Performance Temperature Performance Direction B, Code: 05B8 Temperature (°C) Tx Power (dBm) Rx Threshold (dBm) 19.2 −90 25 19.0 −89 50 18.7 −87.5 Long-Term Error Performance Receiver input level is set at the nominal − 40 dBm at room temperature. Both transmitter and receiver achieved error-free performance over temperature cycling for 0oC to +50oC for continuous 8-hour testing. Power Consumption Measurement Input: 110 VAC Power consumed: 21 watts Aurora 5800 • • • 171 • • • This page intentionally blank. • • 172 •• • • Appendix D Typical Radio Performance Results for 2T1 Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 •••••• This appendix includes actual results from laboratory tests. Refer to Appendix A for RF filter response graphs. Transmitter RF Test Transmit RF Spectrum Figure E-1 Transmit RF spectrum Aurora 5800 • • •173 • • • Receiver Tests Test Setup Figure E-2 Receiver test setup 40 to 130 dB Variable Attenuator Radio 1 Radio 2 BERT BERT Direction Transmit Receive Radio 1 at 5772 MHz Radio 2 at 5772 MHz Radio 2 at 5834 MHz Radio 1 at 5834 MHz Receiver Sensitivity Code used: 05B8 Requirement:Input threshold at BER 10-6 ≤ −85 dBm Results: Both directions use same spread sequence. • • 174 •• • • Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 Table E-1 Direction Receiver sensitivity Rx Input (dBm) At −88 BER = 1E-6 −93 Sync loss −92 Re-acquisition −87 BER = 1E-6 −93 Sync loss −92 Re-acquisition Dispersive Fade Margin Test Conditions Direction A code: 05B8 Direction B code: 05B8 Fade simulator is inserted in the 140-MHz IF path. RCV input level is at nominal - 40 dBm. Direction A See Table E-2 and Table E-3 for the results of this test for Direction A. Aurora 5800 • • • 175 • • • Table E-2 Direction A, minimal phase Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition 132 40 at 132.4 MHz 134 32.8 > 40 136 28.5 33.0 > 40 > 40 138 25.0 29.0 > 40 > 40 140 26.0 30.0 > 40 > 40 142 23.7 32.0 > 40 > 40 144 20.5 > 40 > 40 > 40 146 20.4 148 30.0 40 at 149.5 MHz Table E-3 Direction A, non-minimal phase Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 132 > 40 134 > 40 136 > 40 > 40 138 > 40 > 40 140 > 40 > 40 142 22.2 > 40 144 19.4 > 40 146 18.0 148 22.0 40 at 149 MHz • • 176 •• • • Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition DFM = 51.6 dB for BER = 1E-6 DFM = 63.01 dB for BER = 1E-3 See Figure E-3 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6, and Figure E-4 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3. Figure E-3 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction A Figure E-4 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction A Aurora 5800 • • • 177 • • • Direction B See Table E-4 and Table E-5 for the results of this test for Direction B. Table E-4 Direction B, minimal phase Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 136 > 40 138 > 40 > 40 140 > 40 > 40 142 33 > 40 144 36 146 > 40 Table E-5 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 Direction B, non-minimal phase Notch Frequency (MHz) Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-6 Notch Depth (dB) at BER 1E-3 136 > 40 138 > 40 > 40 140 > 40 > 40 142 39 > 40 144 25 146 > 40 DFM = 67.34 dB for BER = 1E-6 DFM = 76.3 dB for BER = 1E-3 • • 178 •• • • Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 Notch Depth Notch Depth (dB) (dB) at Sync Loss at Re-acquisition See Figure E-5 for the W curve at BER = 1E-6 and Figure E-6 for the W curve at BER = 1E-3. Figure E-5 W Curve at BER = 1E-6, Direction B Figure E-6 W Curve at BER = 1E-3, Direction B Aurora 5800 • • • 179 • • • Dynamic Fading Sweep Notch Depth Range Table E-6 Sweep notch depth range for ultimate error-free region (elapse time: 0.1 sec) Direction A Notch Depth (dB) Direction B Notch Depth (dB) Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase 135.0 0 to 31 0 to > 40 0 to 24 0 to > 40 140.0 0 to 27 0 to > 40 0 to 29 0 to > 40 145.0 0 to 18 0 to 18 0 to 31 0 to 25 Notch Frequency (MHz) Sweep Notch Frequency Table E-7 Notch Frequency (MHz) Checking for error notch depth region, elapse time: 0.1 sec (equivalent to sweep speed 600 MHz/sec) Direction A Notch Depth (dB) Direction B Notch Depth (dB) Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase Minimal Phase Non-minimal Phase 19.0 19.0 22.0 24.0 115 to 165 Flat Fading Sweep for ultimate error-free attenuation range (flat fading), elapse time: 0.1 sec. Note: Attenuation is inserted in the IF path. RF AGC is disabled. Only the dynamic performance of the IF AGC is tested. Direction A: 0 to 61 dB Direction B: 0 to 62 dB • • 180 •• • • Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 Interference Performance The effect of an interfering signal into a digital radio receiver is characterized by a 1-dB degradation in the BER = 1 × 10 -6 (static) and 1 × 10 -3 (outage) thresholds. The standard for this characteristic is the threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio, as defined in EIA/TIA Document TSB-10-F. [Ref 5] The test was performed for sinewave (narrowband) interference and for like signal (wideband) interference. The method used in this test follows the TIA Bulletin TSB-10-F Standard T/I measurement recommendation. The C/I uses nominal receiver input level (− 40 dBm), and then interference is injected to get a BER of 10-6. C/I is the ratio of the signal to interference ratio at this point, measured in direction A only. See Figure E-7 to Figure E-11. Aurora 5800 • • • 181 • • • Narrowband Interference • • 182 •• • • Figure E-7 T/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset Figure E-8 C/I versus narrowband interference frequency offset Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 Wideband Interference Figure E-9 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Directions A and B, same code, 05B8) Figure E-10 T/I versus wideband interference frequency offset (Direction A: 05B8, Direction B: 0247) Aurora 5800 • • • 183 • • • Figure E-11 • • 184 •• • • C/I versus wideband interference frequency offset Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 Jitter Performance Input Jitter Tolerance HDB3 input ports were tested according to ITU-T Rec. G.823, Table 2 (215 -1 pseudorandom test signal used). Table E-8 Test results, input jitter tolerance Test Frequency Jitter Frequency Tolerable Input Jitter G.823 Lower Limit (UIp-p) (UIp-p) (Hz) f0 1.2 ×10-5 > 40 36.9 f1 20 10 1.5 f2 2.4 k 10 1.5 f3 18 k 3.6 0.2 f4 100 k 0.7 0.2 The input jitter tolerance complies with Figure 3/G.823 and Table 2/G.823 requirements. Output Jitter The output jitter complies with Figure 4/G.823 and Table 3/G.921 (same pseudorandom test signal used as in preceding test). The output jitter in the absence of input jitter frequency in the range f0 to f4, is less than 0.1 UIp-p; Table 3/G.921 allows for 0.2 UIp-p. Jitter Gain The jitter gain in the frequency range, f0 to f4, is far below (worst case, − 4 dB) the limit of 3 dB specified in Section 1.3.2.3/G.921. Aurora 5800 • • • 185 • • • Jitter Transfer Characteristic Table E-9 shows that test results exceeded the standards of Figure 4/G.823 and AT&T 62411. Table E-9 Test results, jitter transfer characteristic Test Frequency Jitter Frequency (Hz) Jitter Attenuation (dB) AT&T 62411 Upper Limit (dB) f0 1.2 × 10-5 4.0 f5 20 28.0 f6 2k 45.0 40 >2k > 45.0 40 Environmental Performance Temperature Performance Temperature (°C) Tx Power (dBm) Rx Threshold (dBm) 19.2 −89 25 19.0 −88 50 18.7 −87.5 Long-Term Error Performance Receiver input level is set at the nominal − 40 dBm at room temperature. Both transmitter and receiver achieved error-free performance over temperature cycling for 0oC to +50oC for continuous 8-hour testing. • • 186 •• • • Appendix E Typical Radio Performance Results for 2E1 Appendix F Forms •••••• Service Registration Form Rapid Request for Return Material Authorization (RMA) Harris MCD Instruction Manual Survey Aurora 5800 • • •187 • • • This page intentionally blank. • • 188 •• • • Appendix F Forms Harris Microwave Communications Division Service Registration Form To facilitate warranty support and to receive product update information, please complete and return this form to our customer service department. By fax: 514-421-3555 By e-mail:crcmtl@harris.com By mail: Harris Corporation Microwave Communications Division 3 Hotel de Ville Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec CANADA H9B 3G4 Attention: Customer Resource Center The Customer Resource Center is available on the internet at http://www.microwave.harris.com/cservice/. Please print: Company Name: _____________________________________ Requester’s Name: ___________________________________ Title________________________________________________ Dept. _____________________________ Address City _________________________________________ State/Province_____________________________ ZIP/Postal Code ______________________________ Country__________________________________ Telephone Number ____________________________ Fax Number ______________________________ E-mail _______________________________________ Original Sales Order/PO Number________________ (Sales order number is found in your documentation and on the equipment rack base plate.) Harris Microwave Communications Division Rapid Request for Return Material Authorization (RMA) Service Locations: 5727 Farinon Drive San Antonio, TX 78249, USA or 3, Hotel de Ville, Dollard-des-Ormeaux Quebec, CANADA H9B 3G4 Tel: 1-800-227-8332 Fax: (+1) 514-421-3555 or 1-800-465-4654, (+1) 514-421-8333 The Customer Resource Center is available on the internet at http://www.microwave.harris.com/cservice/. Company Name: _____________________________ Phone: ______________________________________ Requester’s Name: __________________________ Fax: _________________________________________ Billing Address Shipping Address ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Service Requested: Requested Repair Urgency: Warranty Status: Requested Mode of Shipment: Repair [ ] Exchange Standard [ ] Expedite IN-WARR (Provide Sales Order No.) _______________________________ NON-WARR (Provide Purchase Order No.) _________________________ Standard Service [ ] 2nd Day Air [ ] Overnight NOTE: IN-WARRANTY UNITS are returned via STANDARD SERVICE only. Please provide COURIER ACCOUNT NUMBER if faster delivery is required.________________________________________________________________ SD Number and Options Part Description Problem/Service Required ________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________ ________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________ ________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________ ________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________ ________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________ Special Instructions _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Please do not write below this space Date Form Received: ____________________ Repair/Exchange Price: Rec by: _________________________ Your RMA # is: ________ Item 1_______________________ Item 4 _______________________ Item 2_______________________ Item 5 _______________________ Item 3_______________________ Item 6 _______________________ Harris MCD Instruction Manual Survey 1. Overall, taking everything into account, how would you rate this Harris MCD instruction manual (IM)? (check one box) Excellent Fair Very Good Poor Good 2. How do you think this Harris MCD IM compares with the instruction manuals provided by other manufacturers of microwave radio assemblies? (check one box) Better than other instruction manuals. About the same as other instruction manuals. Worse than other instruction manuals. 3. If you have the printed version of the Harris MCD IM, please rate the following characteristics. (check one box per characteristic) Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor Binding Section tabs Printing Type style Text format Page layout 7. Please rate the following sections of this Harris MCD IM. (check one box per characteristic) Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor Table of contents General information Installation section Operation procedure Alignment section Routine maintenance Trouble isolation Unit replacement Appendixes Index 8. What is there about this Harris MCD IM that you like? (please be specific) 9. On the other hand, what is there about this Harris MCD IM that you dislike? (please be specific) 4. If you have the CD-ROM version of the Harris MCD IM, please rate the following characteristics. (check one box per characteristic) Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor Ease of installation Hypertext links Legibility Text format Page layout 10. Which of the following comes closest to describing your title? (check one box) Technician Communications Tech Engineer Operations Manager Other (specify): 5. Using the same scale as in question 3 or 4, please rate each of the following characteristics as they relate to the context of this Harris MCD IM. (check one box per characteristic) Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor Organization Clarity Completeness Correctness IM Part No.: Issue: Product: Your Name: Your Title: 6. Using the same scale once again, please rate each of the following characteristics as they relate to the diagrams, illustrations, charts, graphs, tables, and figures in this Harris MCD IM. (check one box per characteristic) Excellent Organization Clarity Completeness Correctness Please complete the following information. Very Good Good Fair Company: Address: Poor After completing this form, fold (see reverse side), seal, and mail to Harris MCD. No postage required if mailed in the United States. SEAL WITH TAPE BEFORE MAILING FOLD HERE NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS MAIL. PERMIT NO. 241, SAN CARLOS, CA POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE HARRIS CORPORATION MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION ATTN: TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS 350 TWIN DOLPHIN DRIVE REDWOOD SHORES CA 94065-1421 FOLD HERE Glossary •••••• AC Alternating Current. ACU Antenna Coupling Unit. A/D Analog to Digital. ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation. AGC Automatic Gain Control; automatic gain adjustment of a varying input signal level to produce a constant output signal level. AIS Alarm Indication Signal. ALC Automatic Level Control. AMI Alternate Mark Inversion. Aurora 5800 • • •195 • • • ANSI American National Standards Institute. antenna feed system A system that transports signals from the output terminal of the transmitter to the antenna or to the antenna radiator. It usually consists of the transmitter-antenna feed connector, the antenna feed, and the antenna mechanical structure, such as a tower, mast, and radiator support, and does not include the antenna or the radiator and reflector, if any. B8ZS Bipolar with Eight Zero Substitution. baseband A frequency band occupied by a modulating information signal. Bellcore Bell Communications Research, Inc. (source of telephony standards in the U.S.A.). BER Bit Error Ratio. BERT Bit Error Ratio Tester. BPF BandPass Filter. BSC Base Station Controller. BW BandWidth. • • 196 •• • • Glossary CAN Controller Area Network, an interface standard (ISO 11898) for interconnecting microcontrollers. CEPT Conference Européen des Administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications. C/I Carrier-to-Interference (ratio). CIT Craft Interface Terminal. CRC Customer Resource Center. CW Continuous Wave. DC Direct Current. demux demultiplexer. DFM Dispersive Fade Margin. DIP Dual In-line Package (switch). directivity The distribution in space of the energy radiated by an antenna. Aurora 5800 • • • 197 • • • DMM Digital MultiMeter. DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying. DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum. D-subminiature connectors The size of the D-subminiature connector is specified by the standard shell size and the number of connectors. For example, a 15-pin connector is referred to as a DA-15. See the following table. Standard Shell Size No. of Connectors 15 25 37 50 DTE Data Terminal Equipment. EEPROM Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. EIA Electronic Industries Association. EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power. • • 198 •• • • Glossary ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute. FarScan Harris’ network management system software. FCC Federal Communications Commission (U.S.). FM Fade Margin; Frequency Modulation. FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array. hop The span between a transmitter and a receiver. IF Intermediate Frequency; frequency below the radio frequency. IM Instruction Manual. ISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical. ISO International Organization for Standardization. ITU International Telecommunication Union. Aurora 5800 • • • 199 • • • J/S Jamming-to-Signal (ratio). LAN Local Area Network. LED Light-Emitting Diode. LNA Low-Noise Amplifier. LO Local Oscillator. LOS Loss Of input data Signal. MCD Microwave Communications Division, formerly Farinon Division. MCU MicroController Unit. MMIC Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit. MSC Mobile Switch Center. MTBF Mean Time Between Failures. mux multiplexer. • • 200 •• • • Glossary NC Normally Closed. NCO Numerically Controlled Oscillator. NMS Network Management System. NO Normally Open. NRZ NonReturn to Zero (coding). OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer. PA Power Amplifier. PCB Printed Circuit Board. PCN Personal Communications Network. PCS Personal Communications Service. PLL Phase-Locked Loop. PN Pseudo-random Number. Aurora 5800 • • • 201 • • • QPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying. RF Radio Frequency. RMA Return Material Authorization. RMS Rack-Mounting Space. ROM Read-Only Memory. RSL Received Signal Level. RSSI Receive Signal Strength Indicator. RX Receiver. SAW Surface Acoustic Wave. SCAN System Control And Alarm Network. Harris’ proprietary standard for sending alarm/status/control messages over a serial port. SD Schematic Drawing. • • 202 •• • • Glossary SESR Severe Errored-Second Ratio. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol. SPSC Spare Products Support Center. TCXO Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator. T/I Threshold-to Interference (ratio). TIA Telecommunication Industries Association. TX Transmitter. VCO Voltage-Controlled Oscillator. VGA Variable Gain Amplifier. WAN Wide Area Network. XO Crystal Oscillator. Aurora 5800 • • • 203 • • • This page intentionally blank. • • 204 •• • • Glossary References •••••• 1. Docherty, “Why Microwave Makes Sense for Short Haul Transport in Cities”, 5/96, Harris Technical Doc. No. 117. 2. R. U. Laine and A. R. Lunan, “Digital Microwave Link Engineering– Performance Definitions and Objectives”, ENTELEC ’94, San Antonio, TX, 3/94. Harris Technical Doc. No. 215. 3. A. R. Lunan, W. Shaw, “Aurora 2400 Multipath Reliability and Distance Charts”, 8/98, Harris Technical Doc. No. 220. 4. StarLink personal computer program for the Windows operating system, available free of charge from Harris Corporation. See www.harris.com, Microwave Communications/StarLink Internet page. 5. TIA/EIA Telecommunications Systems Bulletin TSB-10-F, “Interference Criteria for Microwave Systems”, Washington, DC, 5/95. Aurora 5800 • • •205 • • • This page intentionally blank. • • 206 •• • • References Index •••••• acquisition time 58 address, to order spare parts 104 alarm and status levels 90 loss of signal 90 alarm port 29 antenna alignment 80 cable selection 79 connector 27 cross-polarized 49 dual-polarized 49 flat panel 75 parabolic 52 performance 75 selection criteria 75 single-polarized 49 site selection 77 Antenna Diplexer 32, 40 antenna feed system 49 antenna/diplexer frequency spacing 61 specifications 61 antennas, cost savings 76 Aurora 5800 23 back view 27 front view 25 Aurora 5800 • • • 207 • • • B backside interference 50 blocking arrangement 52 built-in diagnostics 69 Down Converter 32, 39 nominal frequencies 40 dynamic fading 2E1 180 2T1 162 E1 148 T1 131 CAN microcontroller 35 carrier-to-interference ratio 49, 51 cellular system 23 E1 jitter 66 pulse shape 65 specifications 65 chip rate 59 CIT 23 interface 57 pinout 30 port 34 environmental specifications 69 correlated path fading 51 environmental test 2E1 186 2T1 171 E1 153 T1 140 Customer Resource Center 21 evaluation fee 105 COMM port connection 92 configuration button 91 Customer Service Center locations 20 customer training 22, 108 fade margin 83 FarScan 23, 24, 101 damages, limitation of 110 flat fading 2E1 180 2T1 162 E1 148 T1 132 data capacity 62 DATA port 34, 102 pinouts 30 deployment, urban areas 71 diagnostics, built-in 69 direct sequence spread spectrum 23 directivity 75 dispersive fade margin 59, 76 2E1 175 2T1 157 T1 126 test 143 • • • • • 208 • Index form Instruction Manual Survey 193 RMA 191 Service Registration 189 frequency dialog box 93 pairs 23 plan 43, 58 T1 137 gain 75 Harris MCD Instruction Manual Survey 187 hubbing examples 52 hubbing network 50 hybrid couplers 49 independent path fading 51 input power connector 27 interference 71, 100 mitigating 72 narrowband 2E1 182 E1 149 wideband 2E1 183 E1 150 interference mechanisms 50 interference performance 2E1 181 2T1 163 E1 149 T1 132 Internet address Harris Corporation 22 jitter E1 66 gain 2E1 185 E1 152 input 2E1 185 E1 152 output 2E1 185 E1 152 performance test E1 152 performance test, 2E1 185 T1 63 transfer characteristic 2E1 186 E1 153 jitter transfer function 2T1 170 T1 140 LAN/WAN 23 leased-line services 72 LED indicators 68 liability, Harris’ 110 licensing procedure Industry Canada 24 licensing requirement 71 link performance 76 Internet service 23 link reliability 77 ISM frequency band 23 long-term error performance 2E1 186 E1 153 T1 140, 171 jamming margin 2T1 167 LOS alarm 99 Low-Noise Amplifier 39 Aurora 5800 • • 209 • • • • M Power Amplifier 39 mailing address, spare parts 104 power consumption 2T1 171 E1 154 T1 140 main window 89 mechanical specifications 70 modem 32 block diagram 33 DIP switch settings 38 jumper settings 36 module exchange 105 MTBF 59 multihop network 49 multihopping and hubbing links 48 power specifications 69 Power Supply 32 processing gain performance test 2T1 166 T1 136 product support 103 programmability 68 protection channel 49 protection planning 77 narrowband interference 2T1 164 T1 133 pseudo-random number 44 network management systems channel 23 rack spacing requirement 85 network planning 49 RBER 72, 73 received signal level 83 outdoor installation 24 output power dialog box 94 path clearance 77 PCS/PCN system 23 reliability standards 73 point-to-point configuration 24, 45 repair and return 19, 104 point-to-point path analysis 81 repair service locations 107 polarization 76 repeater configuration 24, 46 ports 68 repeaters 49 power adjust 71 return freight 106 parallel-path arrangement 49 • • • • • Index receiver sensitivity 2T1 157 T1 125 receiver test setup 2E1 174 2T1 156 E1 142 T1 124 210 • receiver level 60 specifications 60 return material authorization 106 RJ-11 pinout 31 T1 RJ-48C pinout 28 jitter 63 pulse shape 62 specifications 62 RMA Form 187 Routine Maintenance Log form 187 RS-232 29 T1/E1 interface 28 RSSI voltage 80, 97, 98 voltage table 80 Technical Support 21 RX ALM LED 98 temperature test 2E1 186 2T1 171 E1 153 T1 140 RX Low Noise Amplifier 32 test jacks 68 running the software 88 training centers 22 transmission delay 58 Service Registration form 187, 189 transmit RF spectrum 2T1 155 T1 123 site selection 76 transmitter specifications 59 SNMP manager 23 troubleshooting guideline 97 SNMP network management 57 TX ALM LED 98 SCAN channel 23 software utility how to install 87 monitor the built-in alarms and status indicators 87 program 87 spare parts ordering 104 spread code dialog box 94 spread sequence 44 standard product warranty terms 108 StarLink computer program 77 sweep notch depth range 2E1 180 2T1 162 E1 148 sweep notch frequency 2E1 180 E1 148 TX Power Amplifier 32 TX power dialog box 94 unrepairable units 105 Upconverter 32, 39 nominal frequencies 40 utility program 87 voice orderwire 32 voice orderwire channel 34, 35 voice/data orderwire 23 system gain 58 Aurora 5800 • • 211 • • • • W wideband interference 2T1 165 T1 134 wireless access 23 • • • • • 212 • Index
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