Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V Users Manual And VM

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Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform VM
User and Reference Guide

FASTFIND LINKS
Document Organization
Product Version
Getting Help
Contents

MK-96RD635-04

Copyright © 2008 Hitachi Data Systems
Corporation, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Notice: No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and recording, or stored in a
database or retrieval system for any purpose
without the express written permission of
Hitachi Data Systems Corporation (hereinafter
referred to as “Hitachi Data Systems”).
Hitachi Data Systems reserves the right to
make changes to this document at any time
without notice and assumes no responsibility
for its use. Hitachi Data Systems products and
services can only be ordered under the terms
and conditions of Hitachi Data Systems’
applicable agreements. All of the features
described in this document may not be
currently available. Refer to the most recent
product announcement or contact your local
Hitachi Data Systems sales office for
information on feature and product availability.
This document contains the most current
information available at the time of publication.
When new and/or revised information becomes
available, this entire document will be updated
and distributed to all registered users.
Hitachi, the Hitachi logo, and Hitachi Data
Systems are registered trademarks and service
marks of Hitachi, Ltd. The Hitachi Data
Systems logo is a trademark of Hitachi, Ltd.
Dynamic Provisioning, Hi-Track, ShadowImage,
TrueCopy, and Universal Star Network are
registered trademarks or trademarks of Hitachi
Data Systems.
All other brand or product names are or may
be trademarks or service marks of and are
used to identify products or services of their
respective owners.

ii
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Contents
Preface .................................................................................................. vii
Safety and Environmental Notices....................................................................... viii
Intended Audience .............................................................................................. ix
Product Version................................................................................................... ix
Document Revision Level ..................................................................................... ix
Source Document(s) for this Revision ................................................................... ix
Changes in this Revision .......................................................................................x
Document Organization ........................................................................................x
Referenced Documents........................................................................................ xi
Document Conventions....................................................................................... xii
Convention for Storage Capacity Values ............................................................... xii
Getting Help ..................................................................................................... xiii
Comments ........................................................................................................ xiii

Product Overview ................................................................................. 1-1
Universal Storage Platform V Family ...................................................................1-2
New and Improved Capabilities ..........................................................................1-3
Specifications at a Glance ..................................................................................1-4
Specifications for the Universal Storage Platform V ........................................1-4
Specifications for the Universal Storage Platform VM .....................................1-6
Software Products .............................................................................................1-8

Architecture and Components................................................................ 2-1
Hardware Architecture .......................................................................................2-2
Multiple Data and Control Paths ...................................................................2-3
Storage Clusters .........................................................................................2-4
Hardware Components ......................................................................................2-5
Shared Memory ..........................................................................................2-6
Cache Memory ...........................................................................................2-6
Front-End Directors and Host Channels ........................................................2-7
Contents
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

iii

Back-End Directors and Array Domains ........................................................ 2-9
Hard Disk Drives ...................................................................................... 2-11
Service Processor..................................................................................... 2-11
Power Supplies ........................................................................................ 2-12
Batteries ................................................................................................. 2-12
Control Panel and Emergency Power-Off Switch ................................................ 2-13
Control Panel........................................................................................... 2-13
Emergency Power-Off Switch .................................................................... 2-15
Intermix Configurations................................................................................... 2-16
RAID-Level Intermix................................................................................. 2-16
Hard Disk Drive Intermix .......................................................................... 2-17
Device Emulation Intermix ........................................................................ 2-17

Functional and Operational Characteristics ............................................. 3-1
RAID Implementation ....................................................................................... 3-2
Array Groups and RAID Levels .................................................................... 3-2
Sequential Data Striping ............................................................................. 3-4
LDEV Striping Across Array Groups .............................................................. 3-5
CU Images, LVIs, and LUs................................................................................. 3-7
CU Images ................................................................................................ 3-7
Logical Volume Images............................................................................... 3-7
Logical Units.............................................................................................. 3-8
Storage Navigator............................................................................................. 3-9
System Option Modes, Host Modes, and Host Mode Options .............................. 3-10
System Option Modes............................................................................... 3-10
Host Modes and Host Mode Options .......................................................... 3-21
Mainframe Operations..................................................................................... 3-22
Mainframe Compatibility and Functionality ................................................. 3-22
Mainframe Operating System Support........................................................ 3-22
Mainframe Configuration .......................................................................... 3-23
Open-Systems Operations ............................................................................... 3-24
Open-Systems Compatibility and Functionality............................................ 3-24
Open-Systems Host Platform Support ........................................................ 3-25
Open-Systems Configuration..................................................................... 3-26
Battery Backup Operations .............................................................................. 3-27

Troubleshooting ................................................................................... 4-1
General Troubleshooting ................................................................................... 4-2
Service Information Messages ........................................................................... 4-3
Calling the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center................................................. 4-4

Contents
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Units and Unit Conversions.................................................................... A-1
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Index

Contents
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Preface
This document describes the physical, functional, and operational
characteristics of the Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V (USP V) and Hitachi
Universal Storage Platform VM (USP VM) storage systems and provides
general instructions for operating the USP V and USP VM.
Please read this document carefully to understand how to use this product,
and maintain a copy for reference purposes.
This preface includes the following information:
Safety and Environmental Notices
Intended Audience
Product Version
Document Revision Level
Source Document(s) for this Revision
Changes in this Revision
Document Organization
Referenced Documents
Document Conventions
Convention for Storage Capacity Values
Getting Help
Comments

Notice: The use of the Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage
systems and all other Hitachi Data Systems products is governed by the terms
of your agreement(s) with Hitachi Data Systems.

Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

vii

Safety and Environmental Notices
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when
the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user
will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
“EINE LEICHT ZUGÄNGLICHE TRENN-VORRICHTUNG, MIT EINER KONTAKTÖFFNUNGSWEITE VON MINDESTENS 3mm IST IN DER UNMITTELBAREN NÄHE
DER VERBRAUCHERANLAGE ANZUORDNEN (4-POLIGE ABSCHALTUNG).”
Maschinenlärminformationsverordnung 3. GSGV, 18.01.1991: Der
höchste Schalldruckpegel beträgt 70 db(A) oder weniger gemäß ISO 7779.
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT

CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
LASER KLASSE 1

WARNING: This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product
may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take
adequate measures.
WARNUNG: Dies ist ein Produkt der Klasse A. In nichtgewerblichen
Umgebungen können von dem Gerät Funkstörungen ausgehen, zu deren
Beseitigung vom Benutzer geeignete Maßnahmen zu ergreifen sind.

viii

Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Intended Audience
This document is intended for system administrators, Hitachi Data Systems
representatives, and authorized service providers who are involved in
installing, configuring, and operating the Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V
and/or Hitachi Universal Storage Platform VM storage systems.
This document assumes the following:

•

The user has a background in data processing and understands RAID
storage systems and their basic functions.

•

The user is familiar with the host systems supported by the Hitachi
Universal Storage Platform V/VM.

•

The user is familiar with the equipment used to connect RAID storage
systems to the supported host systems.

Product Version
This document revision applies to USP V/VM microcode 60-02-4x and higher.

Document Revision Level
Revision

Date

Description

MK-96RD635-P

February 2007

Preliminary Release

MK-96RD635-00

May 2007

Initial Release, supersedes and replaces MK-96RD635-P

MK-96RD635-01

June 2007

Revision 1, supersedes and replaces MK-96RD635-00

MK-96RD635-02

September 2007

Revision 2, supersedes and replaces MK-96RD635-01

MK-96RD635-03

November 2007

Revision 3, supersedes and replaces MK-96RD635-02

MK-96RD635-04

April 2008

Revision 4, supersedes and replaces MK-96RD635-03

Source Document(s) for this Revision
•

Exhibit M1, DKC610I Disk Subsystem, Hardware Specifications, revision 13

•

Exhibit M1, DKC615I Disk Subsystem, Hardware Specifications, revision 5

•

Public Mode for RAID600, R600_Public_Mode_2008_0314.xls

Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Changes in this Revision
•

Added the 400-GB disk drive (Specifications at a Glance, Hard Disk Drives).

•

Updated the maximum usable capacity values (Specifications at a Glance).

•

Added a table of specifications for the disk drives (new Table 2-3).

•

Updated the list of public system option modes (Table 3-1).

–

Added the following new modes: 545, 685, 689, 690, 697, 701, 704.

–

Modified the description of mode 467 as follows:

–

•

Changed the default from OFF to ON.

•

Added Universal Volume Manager to the list of affected functions.

•

Added a caution about setting mode 467 ON when using external
volumes as secondary copy volumes.

•

Added a note about copy processing time and the prioritization of
host I/O performance.

Removed mode 198.

Document Organization
The following table provides an overview of the contents and organization of
this document. Click the chapter title in the left column to go to that chapter.
The first page of each chapter provides links to the sections in that chapter.
Chapter

Description

Product Overview

Provides an overview of the Universal Storage Platform V/VM, including
features, benefits, general function, and connectivity descriptions.

Architecture and Components

Describes the Universal Storage Platform V/VM architecture and
components.

Functional and Operational
Characteristics

Discusses the functional and operational capabilities of the Universal
Storage Platform V/VM.

Troubleshooting

Provides troubleshooting guidelines and customer support contact
information for the Universal Storage Platform V/VM.

Units and Unit Conversions

Provides conversions for standard (U.S.) and metric units of measure
associated with the Universal Storage Platform V/VM.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Defines the acronyms and abbreviations used in this document.

Index

Lists the topics in this document in alphabetical order.

Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Referenced Documents
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM documentation:

•

Table 1-3 lists the user documents for Storage Navigator-based software.

•

Table 1-4 lists the user documents for host- and server-based software.

•

Table 3-5 lists the configuration guides for host attachment.

•

Other referenced USP V/VM documents:

–

USP V Installation Planning Guide, MK-97RD6668

–

USP VM Installation Planning Guide, MK-97RD6679

IBM® documentation:

•

Planning for IBM Remote Copy, SG24-2595

•

DFSMSdfp Storage Administrator Reference, SC28-4920

•

DFSMS MVS V1 Remote Copy Guide and Reference, SC35-0169

•

OS/390 Advanced Copy Services, SC35-0395

•

Storage Subsystem Library, 3990 Transaction Processing Facility Support
RPQs, GA32-0134

•

3990 Operations and Recovery Guide, GA32-0253

•

Storage Subsystem Library, 3990 Storage Control Reference for Model 6,
GA32-0274

Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Document Conventions
The terms “Universal Storage Platform V” and “Universal Storage Platform VM”
refer to all models of the Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage
systems, unless otherwise noted.
This document uses the following icons to draw attention to information:
Icon

Meaning

Description

Note

Calls attention to important and/or additional information.

Tip

Provides helpful information, guidelines, or suggestions for performing
tasks more effectively.

Caution

Warns the user of adverse conditions and/or consequences (e.g.,
disruptive operations).

WARNING

Warns the user of severe conditions and/or consequences (e.g.,
destructive operations).

DANGER

Dangers provide information about how to avoid physical injury to
yourself and others.

ELECTRIC SHOCK
HAZARD!

Warns the user of electric shock hazard. Failure to take appropriate
precautions (e.g., do not touch) could result in serious injury.

ESD Sensitive

Warns the user that the hardware is sensitive to electrostatic discharge
(ESD). Failure to take appropriate precautions (e.g., grounded wrist
strap) could result in damage to the hardware.

Convention for Storage Capacity Values
Physical storage capacity values (e.g., disk drive capacity) are calculated
based on the following values:
1
1
1
1
1

KB = 1,000 bytes
MB = 1,0002 bytes
GB = 1,0003 bytes
TB = 1,0004 bytes
PB = 1,0005 bytes

Logical storage capacity values (e.g., logical device capacity) are calculated
based on the following values:
1
1
1
1
1
1

xii

KB = 1,024 bytes
MB = 1,0242 bytes
GB = 1,0243 bytes
TB = 1,0244 bytes
PB = 1,0245 bytes
block = 512 bytes

Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Getting Help
If you need to call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center, make sure to
provide as much information about the problem as possible, including:

•

The circumstances surrounding the error or failure.

•

The exact content of any message(s) displayed on the host system(s).

•

The exact content of any message(s) displayed by Storage Navigator.

•

The service information messages (SIMs), including reference codes and
severity levels, displayed by Storage Navigator and/or logged at the host.

The Hitachi Data Systems customer support staff is available 24 hours/day,
seven days a week. If you need technical support, please call:

•

United States: (800) 446-0744

•

Outside the United States: (858) 547-4526

Comments
Please send us your comments on this document. Make sure to include the
document title, number, and revision. Please refer to specific section(s) and
paragraph(s) whenever possible.

•

E-mail: doc.comments@hds.com

•

Fax: 858-695-1186

•

Mail:
Technical Writing, M/S 35-10
Hitachi Data Systems
10277 Scripps Ranch Blvd.
San Diego, CA 92131

Thank you! (All comments become the property of Hitachi Data Systems
Corporation.)

Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

xiii

xiv

Preface
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

1
Product Overview
This chapter provides an overview of the Universal Storage Platform V and VM
storage systems.
Universal Storage Platform V Family
New and Improved Capabilities
Specifications at a Glance
Software Products

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

1-1

Universal Storage Platform V Family
The Hitachi Universal Storage Platform™ V family, the industry’s highest
performing and most scalable storage solution, represents the first
implementation of a large-scale, enterprise-class virtualization layer combined
with thin provisioning software, delivering virtualization of internal and
external storage into one pool. Users realize the consolidation benefits of
external storage virtualization with the efficiencies, power, and cooling
advantages of thin provisioning in one integrated solution.
The Universal Storage Platform V family, which includes the USP V floor
models and the rack-mounted USP VM, offer a wide range of storage and data
services, including thin provisioning with Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning™
software, application-centric storage management and logical partitioning, and
simplified and unified data replication across heterogeneous storage systems.
The Universal Storage Platform V family enables users to deploy applications
within a new framework, leverage and add value to current investments, and
more closely align IT with business objectives.
The Universal Storage Platform V family is an integral part of the Services
Oriented Storage Solutions architecture from Hitachi Data Systems. These
storage systems provide the foundation for matching application requirements
to different classes of storage and deliver critical services such as:

•

Business continuity services

•

Content management services (search, indexing)

•

Non-disruptive data migration

•

Volume management across heterogeneous storage arrays

•

Thin provisioning

•

Security services (immutability, logging, auditing, data shredding)

•

Data de-duplication

•

I/O load balancing

•

Data classification

•

File management services

For further information on storage solutions and the Universal Storage
Platform V and VM storage systems, please contact your Hitachi Data Systems
account team.

1-2

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

New and Improved Capabilities
The Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems offer the
following new and improved capabilities as compared with the TagmaStore
Universal Storage Platform and Network Storage Controller:

•

NEW! Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning™
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning is a new and advanced thin-provisioning
software product that provides “virtual storage capacity” to simplify
administration and addition of storage, eliminate application service
interruptions, and reduce costs.

•

Cache capacity
The USP V supports up to 256 GB (128 GB for TagmaStore USP).

•

Shared memory capacity
The USP V supports up to 32 GB (12 GB for TagmaStore USP).
The USP VM supports up to 16 GB (6 GB for TagmaStore NSC).

•

Total storage capacity (internal and external storage)
The USP V supports up to 247 PB (32 PB for TagmaStore USP).
The USP VM supports up to 96 PB (16 PB for TagmaStore NSC).

•

Aggregate bandwidth
The USP V provides an aggregate bandwidth of up to 106 GB/sec
(81 GB/sec for TagmaStore USP).

•

Fibre-channel ports
The USP V supports up to 224 FC ports (192 for TagmaStore USP).

•

FICON® ports
The USP V supports up to 112 FICON ports (96 for TagmaStore USP).
The USP VM supports up to 24 FICON ports (16 for TagmaStore NSC).

•

ESCON® ports
The USP V supports up to 112 ESCON ports (96 for TagmaStore USP).

•

Open-system logical devices
The USP VM supports up to 65,536 LDEVs (16,384 for TagmaStore NSC).

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

1-3

Specifications at a Glance
Specifications for the Universal Storage Platform V
Table 1-1 provides a brief overview of the USP V specifications.

Table 1-1

Specifications – Universal Storage Platform V

Controller
Basic platform packaging unit: Integrated control/array frame and 1 to 4 optional array frames
Universal Star Network Crossbar Switch
Number of switches

Aggregate bandwidth

106 GB/sec

Aggregate IOPS

4.5 million

Cache Memory
Boards

Board capacity

4 GB or 8 GB

Maximum

256 GB

Shared Memory
Boards

Board capacity

4 GB

Maximum

32 GB

Front-End Directors (Connectivity)
Boards

Fibre-channel host ports per board

8 or 16

Maximum fibre-channel host ports

224

Virtual host ports

1,024 per physical port

Maximum FICON host ports

112

Maximum ESCON host ports

112

Logical Devices (LDEVs)—Maximum Supported
Open systems

65,536

Mainframe

65,536

Hard Disk Drives

1-4

Type (fibre channel)

73 GB, 146 GB, 300 GB, 400 GB, 750 GB

Number of drives (minimum–maximum)

4–1152

Spare drives per system (minimum–maximum)

1–16

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Internal Raw Capacity
Minimum (73-GB disks)

82 TB

Maximum (750-GB disks)

850.8 TB

Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-5
Open systems (750-GB disks)

739.3 TB

Mainframe (400-GB disks)

374.3 TB

Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-6
Open systems (750-GB disks)

633.7 TB

Mainframe (400-GB disks)

318.5 TB

Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-1+
Open systems (750-GB disks)

423.9 TB

Mainframe (400-GB disks)

207.7 TB

External Storage Support
Maximum internal and external capacity

247 PB

Virtual Storage Machines

Standard Back-End Directors

1-8

Operating System Support
Mainframe: IBM OS/390®, MVS/ESA™, MVS/XA™, VM/ESA®, VSE/ESA™, z/OS, z/OS.e, z/VM®,
zVSE™; Fujitsu MSP; Red Hat Linux for IBM S/390® and zSeries®
Open Systems: Sun Solaris, HP-UX, IBM AIX®, Microsoft® Windows, Novell NetWare, Red Hat
and SuSE Linux, VMWare ESX, HP Tru64, SGI IRIX, HP OpenVMS

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

1-5

Specifications for the Universal Storage Platform VM
Table 1-2 provides a brief overview of the USP VM specifications.

Table 1-2

Specifications – Universal Storage Platform VM

Controller
Single-rack configuration: controller and up to two disk chassis
Optional second rack: up to two disk chassis
Universal Star Network Crossbar Switch
Number of switches

Aggregate bandwidth

13.3 GB/sec

Aggregate IOPS

1.2 million

Cache Memory
Boards

Board capacity

4 or 8 GB

Maximum

64 GB

Shared Memory
Boards

Board capacity

4 GB

Maximum

16 GB

Front-End Directors (Connectivity)
Boards

Fibre-channel host ports per feature

8 or 16

Fibre-channel port performance

4 Gb/sec

Maximum number of fibre-channel host ports

Virtual host ports

1,024 per physical port

Maximum FICON host ports

Maximum ESCON host ports

Logical Devices (LDEVs)—Maximum Supported
Open systems

65,536

Mainframe

65,536

Hard Disk Drives
Capacity and (fibre channel)

73 GB, 146 GB, 300 GB, 400 GB, 750 GB

Number (minimum–maximum)

0–240

Spare drives per system (minimum–maximum)

1–16

Internal Raw Capacity

1-6

Minimum (73-GB disks)

0 GB (146 GB)

Maximum (750-GB disks)

177 TB

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Controller
Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-5
Open systems (750-GB disks)

144.7 TB

Mainframe (400-GB disks)

73.3 TB

Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-6
Open systems (750-GB disks)

124 TB

Mainframe (400-GB disks)

62.4 TB

Maximum Usable Capacity—RAID-1+
Open systems (750-GB disks)

87.1 TB

Mainframe (400-GB disks)

42.7 TB

External Storage Support
Maximum internal and external capacity

96 PB

Virtual Storage Machines

Standard Back-End Director

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

1-7

Software Products
The Universal Storage Platform V and VM provide many advanced features and
functions that increase data accessibility and deliver enterprise-wide coverage
of online data copy/relocation, data access/protection, and storage resource
management. Hitachi Data Systems’ software products and solutions provide a
full set of industry-leading copy, availability, resource management, and
exchange software to support business continuity, database backup and
restore, application testing, and data mining.
Table 1-3 lists and describes the Storage Navigator-based software for the
Universal Storage Platform V and VM. Table 1-4 lists and describes the
host/server-based software for the Universal Storage Platform V and VM.

NEW – Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning
Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning is a new and advanced thin-provisioning software
product for the Universal Storage Platform V/VM that provides “virtual storage
capacity” to simplify administration and addition of storage, eliminate
application service interruptions, and reduce costs.
Dynamic Provisioning allows storage to be allocated to an application without
being physically mapped until it is used. This “just-in-time” provisioning decouples the provisioning of storage to an application from the physical addition
of storage capacity to the storage system to achieve overall higher rates of
storage utilization. Dynamic Provisioning also transparently spreads many
individual I/O workloads across multiple physical disks. This I/O workload
balancing feature directly reduces performance and capacity management
expenses by eliminating I/O bottlenecks across multiple applications.
For further information on Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning, please contact your
Hitachi Data Systems account team, or visit Hitachi Data Systems online at
www.hds.com.

1-8

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Table 1-3

Storage Navigator-Based Software

Name

Description

Documents

Obtains system configuration and status information and sends userrequested commands to the storage systems. Serves as the
integrated user interface for all Resource Manager components.

MK-96RD621

NEW: Hitachi Dynamic
Provisioning

Provides “virtual storage capacity” to simplify administration and
addition of storage, eliminate application service interruptions, and
reduce costs. See Hitachi Dynamic Provisioning.

MK-96RD641

Hitachi TrueCopy

Enables the user to perform remote copy operations between storage
systems in different locations. TrueCopy provides synchronous and
asynchronous copy modes for open-system and mainframe data.

MK-96RD622

Allows the user to create internal copies of volumes for purposes such
as application testing and offline backup. Can be used in conjunction
with TrueCopy to maintain multiple copies of data at primary and
secondary sites.

MK-96RD618

Hitachi Compatible Mirroring
for IBM FlashCopy

Provides compatibility with the IBM FlashCopy mainframe host
software function, which performs server-based data replication for
mainframe data.

MK-96RD614

Hitachi Universal Replicator

Provides a RAID storage-based hardware solution for disaster
recovery which enables fast and accurate system recovery,
particularly for large amounts of data which span multiple volumes.
Using UR, you can configure and manage highly reliable data
replication systems using journal volumes to reduce chances of
suspension of copy operations.

MK-96RD624

Hitachi Compatible
Replication for IBM XRC*

Provides compatibility with the IBM Extended Remote Copy (XRC)
mainframe host software function, which performs server-based
asynchronous remote copy operations for mainframe LVIs.

MK-96RD610

Hitachi Copy-on-Write
Snapshot

Provides ShadowImage functionality using less capacity of the storage
system and less time for processing than ShadowImage by using
“virtual” secondary volumes. COW Snapshot is useful for copying and
managing data in a short time with reduced cost. ShadowImage
provides higher data integrity.

MK-96RD607

Hitachi Universal Volume
Manager

Realizes the virtualization of the storage system. Users can connect
other storage systems to the USP V/VM and access the data on the
external storage system over virtual devices on the USP V/VM.
Functions such as TrueCopy and Cache Residency can be performed
on the external data.

MK-96RD626

Provides storage logical partition and cache logical partition:

MK-96RD629

Hitachi Storage Navigator
Hitachi Storage Navigator
Messages

Hitachi TrueCopy for
IBM z/OS
Hitachi ShadowImage
Hitachi ShadowImage for
IBM z/OS

Hitachi Universal Replicator
for IBM z/OS

Hitachi Virtual Partition
Manager

Storage logical partition allows you to divide the available storage
among various users to reduce conflicts over usage.

Cache logical partition allows you to divide the cache into multiple
virtual cache memories to reduce I/O contention.

MK-96RD613

MK-96RD623

MK-96RD619

MK-96RD625

Hitachi LUN Manager

Enables users to configure the fibre-channel ports and devices (LUs)
for operational environments (for example, arbitrated-loop and fabric
topologies, host failover support).

MK-96RD615

Hitachi SNMP Agent

Provides support for SNMP monitoring and management. Includes
Hitachi specific MIBs and enables SNMP-based reporting on status and
alerts. SNMP agent on the SVP gathers usage and error information
and transfers the information to the SNMP manager on the host.

MK-96RD620

Audit Log

Provides detailed records of all operations performed using Storage
Navigator (and the SVP).

MK-96RD606

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

1-9

Encrypted Communications

Allows users to employ SSL-encrypted communications with the
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM.

MK-96RD631

Hitachi LUN Expansion

Allows open-system users to concatenate multiple LUs into single LUs
to enable open-system hosts to access the data on the entire
Universal Storage Platform V/VM using fewer logical units.

MK-96RD616

Hitachi Virtual LVI/LUN

Enables users to convert single volumes (LVIs or LUs) into multiple
smaller volumes to improve data access performance.

MK-96RD630

Hitachi Cache Residency
Manager

Allows users to “lock” and “unlock” data into cache in real time to
optimize access to your most frequently accessed data.

MK-96RD609

Hitachi Compatible PAV

Enables the mainframe host to issue multiple I/O requests in parallel
to single LDEVs in the USP V/VM. Compatible PAV provides
compatibility with the IBM Workload Manager (WLM) host software
function and supports both static and dynamic PAV functionality.

MK-96RD608

Hitachi LUN Security

Allows users to restrict host access to data on the USP V/VM. Opensystem users can restrict host access to LUs based on the host’s world
wide name (WWN). Mainframe users can restrict host access to LVIs
based on node IDs and logical partition (LPAR) numbers.

MK-96RD615

Hitachi Database Validator*

Prevents corrupted data environments by identifying and rejecting
corrupted data blocks before they are written onto the storage disk,
thus minimizing risk and potential costs in backup, restore, and
recovery operations.

MK-96RD611

Hitachi Data Retention Utility

MK-96RD612

Hitachi Volume Retention
Manager

Allows users to protect data from I/O operations performed by hosts.
Users can assign an access attribute to each logical volume to restrict
read and/or write operations, preventing unauthorized access to data.

Hitachi Performance Monitor

Performs detailed monitoring of storage system and volume activity.

MK-96RD617

Hitachi Volume Migration

Performs automatic relocation of volumes to optimize performance.

MK-96RD617

Hitachi Server Priority
Manager*

Allows open-system users to designate prioritized ports (for example,
for production servers) and non-prioritized ports (for example, for
development servers) and set thresholds and upper limits for the I/O
activity of these ports.

MK-96RD617

Volume Shredder

Enables users to overwrite data on logical volumes with dummy data.

MK-96RD630

Hitachi Volume Security

MK-96RD628

MK-96RD627

* Please contact your Hitachi Data Systems account team for the latest
information on the availability of these features.

1-10

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Table 1-4

Host/Server-Based Software

Name

Description

Documents

Hitachi Command
Control Interface

Enables open-system users to perform data replication
and data protection operations by issuing commands
from the host to the Hitachi storage systems. The CCI
software supports scripting and provides failover and
mutual hot standby functionality in cooperation with
host failover products.

User and Reference Guide:
MK-90RD011

Hitachi Cross-OS
File Exchange

Enables users to transfer data between mainframe and
open-system platforms using the FICON and/or ESCON
channels, for high-speed data transfer without requiring
network communication links or tape.

User’s Guide: MK-96RD647

HiCommand Global
Link Availability
Manager

Provides simple, integrated, single-point, multipath
storage connection management and reporting.
Improves system reliability and reduces downtime by
automated path health checks, reporting alerts and
error information from hosts, and assisting with rapid
troubleshooting. Administrators can optimize application
performance by controlling path bandwidth (per host
LUN load balancing), and keep applications online while
performing tasks that require taking a path down by
easily switching to and from alternate paths

User’s Guide: MK-95HC106
Installation & Admin: MK-95HC107
Messages: MK-95HC108

Hitachi Dynamic
Link Manager

Provides automatic load balancing, path failover, and
recovery capabilities in the event of a path failure.

Concepts & Planning: MK-96HC144
For AIX: MK-92DLM111
For HP-UX: MK-92DLM112
For Linux: MK-92DLM113
For Solaris: MK-92DLM114
For Windows: MK-92DLM129

HiCommand
Device Manager

Enables users to manage the Hitachi storage systems
and perform functions (e.g., LUN Manager,
ShadowImage) from virtually any location via the
Device Manager Web Client, command line interface
(CLI), and/or third-party application.

Web Client: MK-91HC001
Server Inst & Config: MK-91HC002
CLI: MK-91HC007
Messages: MK-92HC016
Agent: MK-92HC019

HiCommand
Provisioning
Manager

Designed to handle a variety of storage systems to
simplify storage management operations and reduce
costs. Works together with HiCommand Device Manager
to provide the functionality to integrate, manipulate,
and manage storage using provisioning plans.

User’s Guide: MK-93HC035
Server: MK-93HC038
Messages: MK-95HC117

Hitachi Business
Continuity Manager

Enables mainframe users to make Point-in-Time (PiT)
copies of production data, without quiescing the
application or causing any disruption to end-user
operations, for such uses as application testing,
business intelligence, and disaster recovery for business
continuance.

Installation: MK-95HC104
Reference Guide: MK-95HC105
User’s Guide: MK-94RD247
Messages: MK-94RD262

HiCommand
Replication Monitor

Supports management of storage replication (copy pair)
operations, enabling users to view (report) the
configuration, change the status, and troubleshoot copy
pair issues. Replication Monitor is particularly effective
in environments that include multiple storage systems
or multiple physical locations, and in environments in
which various types of volume replication functionality
(such as both ShadowImage and TrueCopy) are used.

Install & Config: MK-96HC131
Messages: MK-96HC132
User’s Guide: MK-94HC093

Hitachi Code
Converter

Code Converter: MK-94RD253

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

1-11

HiCommand
Tuning Manager

Provides intelligent and proactive performance and
capacity monitoring as well as reporting and forecasting
capabilities of storage resources.

Server Installation: MK-95HC109
Getting Started: MK-96HC120
Server Administration: MK-92HC021
User’s Guide: MK-92HC022
CLI: MK-96HC119
Performance Reporter: MK-93HC033
Agent Admin Guide: MK-92HC013
Agent Installation: MK-96HC110
Hardware Agent: MK-96HC111
OS Agent: MK-96HC112
Database Agent: MK-96HC113
Messages: MK-96HC114

HiCommand
Protection Manager

Systematically controls storage systems,
backup/recovery products, databases, and other system
components to provide efficient and reliable data
protection using simple operations without complex
procedures or expertise.

User’s Guide: MK-94HC070
Console: MK-94HC071
Command Reference: MK-94HC072
Messages: MK-94HC073

HiCommand Tiered
Storage Manager

Enables users to relocate data non-disruptively from one
volume to another for purposes of Data Lifecycle
Management (DLM). Helps improve the efficiency of the
entire data storage system by enabling quick and easy
data migration according to the user’s environment and
requirements.

Server: MK-94HC089
User’s Guide: MK-94HC090
CLI: MK-94HC091
Messages: MK-94HC092

Hitachi Copy
Manager for TPF

Enables TPF users to control DASD copy functions on
Hitachi RAID storage systems from TPF through an
interface that is simple to install and use.

Administrator’s Guide: MK-92RD129
Messages: MK-92RD130
Operations Guide: MK-92RD131

Hitachi Cache
Manager

Enables users to perform Cache Residency Manager
operations from the mainframe host system. Cache
Residency Manager allows you to place specific data in
cache memory to enable virtually immediate access to
this data.

User’s Guide: MK-96RD646

Hitachi Dataset
Replication for
z/OS

Operates together with the ShadowImage feature.
Rewrites the OS management information (VTOC,
VVDS, and VTOCIX) and dataset name and creates a
user catalog for a ShadowImage target volume after a
split operation. Provides the prepare, volume divide,
volume unify, and volume backup functions to enable
use of a ShadowImage target volume.

User’s Guide: MK-96RD648

1-12

Product Overview
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2
Architecture and Components
This chapter describes the architecture and components of the Hitachi
Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems:
Hardware Architecture
Hardware Components
Control Panel and Emergency Power-Off Switch
Intermix Configurations

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2-1

Hardware Architecture
Figure 2-1 illustrates the hardware architecture of the Universal Storage
Platform V storage system. Figure 2-2 illustrates the hardware architecture of
the Universal Storage Platform VM storage system. As shown, the USP V and
USP VM share the same hardware architecture, differing only in number of
features (FEDs, BEDs, etc.), number of hard disk drives (HDDs), and power
supply.
Channel Interface

Controller

Power Supply

SMA

SM Path

Input
Power

DKA
DKA
DKA
BED

DKA
DKA
DKA
FED

CSW
CSW

AC-DC
AC-DC
Power
Power
Supply
Supply

AC-Box
AC-Box

Battery
Battery
Box
Box

Cache Path

CMA
CACHE

Input
Power

Power Supply
AC-Box
AC-Box

CMA
CACHE

Disk Path (max. 64 paths)

AC-DC
Power
AC-DC
Supply
Power
Supply

FC-AL (4 Gbps/port)

Max. 48
HDDs

Battery
Battery
Box
Box

Figure 2-1

2-2

DKA
DKA
DKA
BED

Disk Unit

Max. 1,152 HDDs per storage system

Universal Storage Platform V Hardware Architecture

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Channel Interface

Controller

Power Supply

SMA

SM Path

Input
Power

PDB-Box
PDU

DKA

PDB-Box
PDU

CHA
CHA
CHA

CSW

CMA

DKA

AC-DC
AC-DC
Power
Power
Supply
Supply
Battery
Battery
Box
Box

Input
Power

CHA
CHA
CHA

Cache Path

Power Supply

Disk Path (max. 8 paths)

AC-DC
Power
AC-DC
Supply
Power
Supply

FC-AL (4 Gbps/port)
Max. 60
HDDs

Disk Unit

Figure 2-2

Max. 240 HDDs per storage system

Universal Storage Platform VM Hardware Architecture

Multiple Data and Control Paths
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM employs the proven Hi-Star™ crossbar
switch architecture, which uses multiple point-to-point data and command
paths to provide redundancy and improve performance. Each data and
command path is independent. The individual paths between the front-end or
back-end directors and cache are steered by high-speed cache switch cards
(CSWs). The USP V/VM does not have any common buses, thus eliminating
the performance degradation and contention that can occur in bus
architecture. All data stored on the USP V/VM is moved into and out of cache
over the redundant high-speed paths.

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2-3

Storage Clusters
Each controller consists of two redundant controller halves called storage
clusters. Each storage cluster contains all physical and logical elements (for
example, power supplies, channel adapters, disk adapters, cache, control
storage) needed to sustain processing within the storage system. Both storage
clusters should be connected to each host using an alternate path scheme, so
that if one storage cluster fails, the other storage cluster can continue
processing for the entire storage system.
The front-end and back-end directors are split between clusters to provide full
backup. Each storage cluster also contains a separate, duplicate copy of cache
and shared memory contents. In addition to the high-level redundancy that
this type of storage clustering provides, many of the individual components
within each storage cluster contain redundant circuits, paths, and/or
processors to allow the storage cluster to remain operational even with
multiple component failures. Each storage cluster is powered by its own set of
power supplies, which can provide power for the entire storage system in the
event of power supply failure. Because of this redundancy, the USP V/VM can
sustain the loss of multiple power supplies and still continue operation.
The redundancy and backup features of the USP V/VM eliminate all active
single points of failure, no matter how unlikely, to provide an additional level
of reliability and data availability.

2-4

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Hardware Components
The USP V/VM hardware includes the controller, disk unit, and power supply
components. Each component is connected over the cache paths, shared
memory paths, and/or disk paths. The USP V/VM controller is fully redundant
and has no active single point of failure. All components can be repaired or
replaced without interrupting access to user data.
The main hardware components of the USP V and VM storage systems are:

•

Shared Memory

•

Cache Memory

•

Host Channels and Front-End Directors

•

Back-End Directors and Array Domains

•

Hard Disk Drives

•

Service Processor

•

Power Supplies

•

Batteries

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2-5

Shared Memory
The nonvolatile shared memory contains the cache directory and configuration
information for the USP V/VM storage system. The path group arrays (for
example, for dynamic path selection) also reside in the shared memory. The
shared memory is duplexed, and each side of the duplex resides on the first
two shared memory cards, which are in clusters 1 and 2. In the event of a
power failure, shared memory is protected for at least 36 hours by battery
backup.
The Universal Storage Platform V can be configured with up to 32 GB of shared
memory, and the Universal Storage Platform VM can be configured with up to
16 GB of shared memory. The size of the shared memory is determined by
several factors, including total cache size, number of logical devices (LDEVs),
and replication function(s) in use. Any required increase beyond the base size
is automatically shipped and configured during the installation or upgrade
process.

Cache Memory
The Universal Storage Platform V can be configured with up to 256 GB of
cache, and the Universal Storage Platform VM can be configured with up to
64 GB of cache memory. All cache memory in the USP V/VM is nonvolatile and
is protected for at least 36 hours by battery backup.
The Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems place all read and
write data in cache. The amount of fast-write data in cache is dynamically
managed by the cache control algorithms to provide the optimum amount of
read and write cache, depending on the workload read and write I/O
characteristics.
The cache is divided into two equal areas (called cache A and cache B) on
separate cards. Cache A is in cluster 1, and cache B is in cluster 2. The
Universal Storage Platform V/VM places all read and write data in cache. Write
data is normally written to both cache A and B with one channel write
operation, so that the data is always duplicated (duplexed) across logic and
power boundaries. If one copy of write data is defective or lost, the other copy
is immediately destaged to disk. This “duplex cache” design ensures full data
integrity in the unlikely event of a cache memory or power-related failure.
Note: Mainframe hosts can specify special attributes (for example, cache fast
write (CFW) command) to write data (typically sort work data) without write
duplexing. This data is not duplexed and is usually given a discard command
at the end of the sort, so that the data will not be destaged to the disk drives.

2-6

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Front-End Directors and Host Channels
The Universal Storage Platform V and VM support all-mainframe, all-opensystem, and multiplatform configurations. The front-end directors (FEDs)
process the channel commands from the hosts and manage host access to
cache. In the mainframe environment, the front-end directors perform CKDto-FBA and FBA-to-CKD conversion for the data in cache.
Each front-end director feature (pair of boards) is composed of one type of
host channel interface: fibre-channel, FICON, or Extended Serial Adapter
(ExSA) (compatible with ESCON protocol). The channel interfaces on each
board can transfer data simultaneously and independently.
The FICON and fibre-channel FED features are available in shortwave
(multimode) and longwave (single mode) versions. When configured with
shortwave features, the USP V/VM can be located up to 500 meters (2750
feet) from the host. When configured with longwave features, the USP V/VM
can be located up to ten kilometers from the host(s).

•

FICON. The FICON features provide data transfer speeds of up to 4 Gbps
and have 8 ports per feature (pair of boards).
Note: FICON data transmission rates vary according to configuration:
S/390 Parallel Enterprise Servers - Generation 5 (G5) and Generation 6
(G6) only support FICON at 1 Gbps.
z800 and z900 series hosts have the following possible configurations:

–

FICON channel will operate at 1 Gbps ONLY.

–

FICON EXPRESS channel transmission rates will vary according to
microcode release. If microcode is 3G or later, the channel will autonegotiate to set a 1-Gbps or 2-Gbps transmission rate. If microcode is
previous to 3G, the channel will operate at 1 Gbps ONLY.

For further information on FICON connectivity, refer to the Mainframe Host
Attachment and Operations Guide (MK-96RD645), or contact your Hitachi
Data Systems representative.

•

ESCON. The ExSA features provide data transfer speeds of up to 17
MB/sec and have 8 ports per feature (pair of boards). Each ExSA channel
can be directly connected to a CHPID or a serial channel director. Shared
serial channels can be used for dynamic path switching. The USP V/VM also
supports the ESCON Extended Distance Feature (XDF).

•

Fibre-Channel. The fibre-channel features provide data transfer speeds of
up to 4 Gbps and can have either 8 or 16 ports per feature (pair of
boards). The USP V/VM supports shortwave (multimode) and longwave
(single-mode) versions of fibre-channel ports on the same adapter board.
Note: Fiber-channel connectivity is also supported for IBM mainframe
attachment when host FICON channel paths are defined to operate in fiberchannel protocol (FCP) mode.

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2-7

Table 2-1 lists the specifications and configurations for the front-end directors
and specifies the number of channel connections for each configuration.

Table 2-1

Front-End Director and Channel Specifications
Parameter

Number of front-end director features

Specifications
USP V: 1 – 8, 14 when FEDs are installed in BED slots
USP VM: 1 – 3

Simultaneous data transfers per FED pair:
FICON
ExSA (ESCON)
Fibre-channel

8
8
8, 16

Maximum data transfer rate:
FICON
ExSA (ESCON)
Fibre-channel

400 MB/sec (4 Gbps)
17 MB/sec
400 MB/sec (4 Gbps)

Physical interfaces per FED pair:
FICON
ExSA (ESCON)
Fibre-channel

8
8
8, 16

Max. physical FICON interfaces per system

USP V: 112
USP VM: 24

Max. physical ExSA interfaces per system

USP V: 112
USP VM: 24

Max. physical FC interfaces per system

USP V: 224
USP VM: 48

Logical paths per FICON port

2105 emulation: 65,536 (1024 host paths × 64 CUs)
2107 emulation: 261,120 (1024 host paths x 255 CUs)

Logical paths per ExSA (ESCON) port

512 (32 host paths × 16 CUs) *

Max. FICON logical paths per system

2105 emulation: 131,072
2107 emulation: 522,240

Max. ExSA (ESCON) logical paths per system

8,192

Maximum LUs per fibre-channel port

2048

Maximum LDEVs per storage system

USP V: 130,560 (256 LDEVs x 510 CUs)
USP VM: 65,280

*Note: When the number of devices per CHL image is limited to a maximum
of 1024, 16 CU images can be assigned per CHL image. If one CU includes 256
devices, the maximum number of CUs per CHL image is limited to 4.

2-8

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Back-End Directors and Array Domains
The back-end director (BED) features control the transfer of data between the
disk drives and cache. The BEDs are installed in pairs for redundancy and
performance. The USP V can be configured with up to eight BED pairs,
providing up to 64 concurrent data transfers to and from the disk drives. The
USP VM is configured with one BED pair, which provides eight concurrent data
transfers to and from the disk drives.
The disk drives are connected to the BED pairs by fibre cables using an
arbitrated-loop (FC-AL) topology. Each BED pair has eight independent fibre
back-end paths controlled by eight back-end microprocessors. Each dualported fibre-channel disk drive is connected through its two ports to each
board in a BED pair over separate physical paths for improved performance as
well as redundancy.
Table 2-2 lists the BED specifications. Each BED pair contains eight buffers
(one per fibre path) that support data transfer to and from cache. Each dualported disk drive can transfer data over either port. Each of the two paths
shared by the disk drive is connected to a separate board in the BED pair to
provide alternate path capability. Each BED pair is capable of eight
simultaneous data transfers to or from the HDDs.

Table 2-2

BED Specifications
Parameter

Number of back-end director features

Specifications
USP V: 1 – 8
USP VM: 1

Back-end paths per BED feature
Back-end paths per storage system

8
USP V: 8 – 64
USP VM: 8

Back-end array interface type

Fibre-channel arbitrated loop (FC-AL)

Back-end interface transfer rate (burst rate)

400 MB/sec (4 Gbps)

Maximum concurrent back-end operations per BED feature

Maximum concurrent back-end operations per storage system

USP V: 64
USP VM: 8

Back-end (data) bandwidth

USP V: 68 GB/sec
USP VM: 8.5 GB/sec

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2-9

Figure 2-3 illustrates a conceptual array domain. All functions, paths, and disk
drives controlled by one BED pair are called an “array domain.” An array
domain can contain a variety of LVI and/or LU configurations. RAID-level
intermix (all RAID types) is allowed within an array domain (under a BED pair)
but not within an array group.
RAID group (7D+1P / 4D+4D)
Fibre Port Number
Fibre Port

BED
(CL1)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

BED Pair

BED
(CL2)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Fibre Loop

RAID group (3D+1P / 2D+2D)

Max. 64 HDDs per FCAL

*1: A RAID group (3D+1P/2D+2D) consists of fibre port number 0, 2, 4, and 6, or 1, 3, 5 and 7.

Figure 2-3

2-10

Conceptual Array Domain

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Hard Disk Drives
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM uses disk drives with fixed-blockarchitecture (FBA) format. Table 2-3 lists and describes the currently available
hard disk drives: 72 GB, 146 GB, 300 GB, 400 GB, and 750 GB.

Table 2-3

Disk Drive Specifications

Disk Drive
Size

Formatted
Capacity*

Revolution
Speed

Interface

Interface Data Transfer Rate
(maximum)

72 GB

71.50 GB

15,000 rpm

400 MB/s

146 GB

143.76 GB

15,000 rpm

400 MB/s

300 GB

288.20 GB

10,000 rpm

200 MB/s

300 GB

288.20 GB

15,000 rpm

400 MB/s

400 GB

393.85 GB

10,000 rpm

400 MB/s

750 GB

738.62 GB

7,200 rpm

SATA

300 MB/s

* The storage capacity values for the disk drives (raw capacity) are calculated based on the following
values: 1 KB = 1,000 bytes, 1 MB = 1,0002 bytes, 1 GB = 1,0003 bytes, 1 TB = 1,0004 bytes.

Each disk drive can be replaced non-disruptively on site. The USP V/VM utilizes
diagnostic techniques and background dynamic scrubbing that detect and
correct disk errors. Dynamic sparing is invoked automatically if needed. For an
array group of any RAID level, any spare disk drive can back up any other disk
drive of the same rotation speed and the same or lower capacity anywhere in
the storage system, even if the failed disk and the spare disk are in different
array domains (attached to different BED pairs). The USP V/VM can be
configured with up to 16 spare disk drives. The standard configuration
provides one spare drive for each type of drive installed in the storage system.
The Hi-Track monitoring and reporting tool detects disk failures and notifies
the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center automatically, and a service
representative is sent to replace the disk drive.
Note: The spare disk drives are used only as replacements and are not
included in the storage capacity ratings of the storage system.

Service Processor
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM includes a built-in custom PC called the
service processor (SVP). The SVP is integrated into the controller and can only
be used by authorized Hitachi Data Systems personnel. The SVP enables the
Hitachi Data Systems representative to configure, maintain, service, and
upgrade the storage system. The SVP also provides the Storage Navigator
functionality, and it collects performance data for the key components of the
USP V/VM to enable diagnostic testing and analysis. The SVP is connected with
a service center for remote maintenance of the storage system.
Note: The SVP does not have access to any user data stored on the Universal
Storage Platform V/VM.
Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2-11

Power Supplies
Each storage cluster is powered by its own set of redundant power supplies,
and each power supply is able to provide power for the entire system, if
necessary. Because of this redundancy, the Universal Storage Platform V/VM
can sustain the loss of multiple power supplies and still continue to operate. To
make use of this capability, the USP V/VM should be connected either to dual
power sources or to different power panels, so if there is a failure on one of
the power sources, the USP V/VM can continue full operations using power
from the alternate source.
The AC power supplied to the USP V/VM is converted by the AC-DC power
supply to supply 56V/12V DC power to all storage system components. Each
component has its own DC-DC converter to generate the necessary voltage
from the 56V/12V DC power that is supplied.

Batteries
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM uses nickel-hydrogen batteries to provide
backup power for the control and operational components (cache memory,
shared memory, FEDs, BEDs) as well as the hard disk drives. The
configuration of the storage system and the operational conditions determine
the number and type of batteries that are required.

2-12

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Control Panel and Emergency Power-Off Switch
Control Panel
Figure 2-4 shows the location of the control panel on the USP V, and Figure
2-5 shows the location of the control panel on the USP VM. Table 2-4 describes
the items on the USP V/VM control panel. To open the control panel cover,
push and release on the point marked PUSH.
Control Panel

FRONT VIEW

SUB-SYSTEM
READY

RESTART

ALARM

REMOTE
MAINTENANCE

ENABLE

PROCESSING

MESSAGE

DISABLE

EMERGENCY

ENABLE

BS-ON
PS-ON

Figure 2-4

OFF

Location of Control Panel on the USP V

FRONT VIEW

Control Panel
SUB-SYSTEM
READY

RESTART

ALARM

ENABLE
REMOTE
MAINTENANC
PROCESSING

MESSAGE

DISABLE

EMERGENCY

ENABLE

BS-ON
PS-ON

Figure 2-5

OFF

Location of Control Panel on the USP VM

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2-13

Table 2-4
Name

Control Panel (USP V and USP VM)
Type

Description

SUBSYSTEM
READY

LED
(Green)

When lit, indicates that input/output operation on the channel
interface is possible. Applies to both storage clusters.

SUBSYSTEM
ALARM

LED
(Red)

When lit, indicates that low DC voltage, high DC current, abnormally
high temperature, or a failure has occurred. Applies to both storage
clusters.

SUBSYSTEM
MESSAGE

LED
(Amber)

On: Indicates that a SIM (Message) was generated from either of the
clusters. Applied to both storage clusters.
Blinking: Indicates that the SVP failure has occurred.

2-14

SUBSYSTEM
RESTART

Switch

Used to un-fence a fenced drive path and to release the Write Inhibit
command. Applies to both storage clusters.

REMOTE
MAINTENANCE
PROCESSING

LED
(Amber)

When lit, indicates that remote maintenance activity is in process. If
remote maintenance is not in use, this LED is not lit. Applies to both
storage clusters.

REMOTE
MAINTENANCE
ENABLE/DISABLE

Switch

Used for remote maintenance. While executing remote maintenance
(the REMOTE MAINTENANCE PROCESSING LED in item 5 is blinking),
when switching from ENABLE to DISABLE, remote maintenance is
interrupted. If the remote maintenance function is not used, this
switch is ineffective. Applies to both storage clusters.

BS-ON

LED
(Amber)

Indicates input power is available.

PS-ON

LED
(Green)

Indicates that storage system is powered on.
Applies to both storage clusters.

PS SW ENABLE

Switch

Used to enable the PS ON/ PS OFF switch. To be enabling the PS ON/
PS OFF switch, turn the PS SW ENABLE switch to the ENABLE
position.

PS ON / PS OFF

Switch

Used to power storage system on/off. This switch is valid when the
PS REMOTE/LOCAL switch is set to LOCAL. Applies to both storage
clusters.

EMERGENCY

LED
(Red)

This LED shows status of EPO switch on the rear door.
OFF: Indicates that the EPO switch is off.
ON: Indicates that the EPO switch is on.

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Emergency Power-Off Switch
Figure 2-6 shows the location of the emergency power-off (EPO) switch on the
USP V (top right corner of the back side of controller frame). Figure 2-7 shows
the location of the EPO switch on the USP VM (next to the control panel on the
primary rack). Use the EPO switch only in case of an emergency.
To power off the USP V/VM storage system in case of an emergency, pull the
EPO switch up and then out towards you, as illustrated on the switch. The EPO
switch must be reset by service personnel before the storage system can be
powered on again.
REAR VIEW
OF
CONTROLLER
FRAME

EMERGENCY
UNIT
EMERGENCY
POWER OFF

Figure 2-6

Location of EPO Switch on the USP V
FRONT VIEW OF
PRIMARY RACK

EMERGENCY
UNIT
EMERGENCY
POWER OFF

Figure 2-7

Location of EPO Switch on the USP VM

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2-15

Intermix Configurations
RAID-Level Intermix
RAID technology provides full fault-tolerance capability for the disk drives of
the Universal Storage Platform V/VM. The cache management algorithms
enable the USP V to stage up to one full RAID stripe of data into cache ahead
of the current access to allow subsequent access to be satisfied from cache at
host channel transfer speeds.
The Universal Storage Platform V supports RAID-1, RAID-5, RAID-6, and
intermixed RAID-level configurations, including intermixed array groups within
an array domain. Figure 2-8 illustrates an intermix of RAID levels. All types of
array groups (RAID-5 3D+1P, 7D+1P; RAID-1 2D+2D, 4D+4D; RAID-6
6D+2P) can be intermixed under one BED pair.
RAID group
(2D+2D)

BED
(CL1)
1st, 3rd
5th or 7th
BED Pair

BED
(CL2)

BED
(CL2)
2nd, 4th
6th or 8th
BED Pair
BED
(CL1)

0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3

2-16

RAID group
(7D+1P/6D+2P)

RAID group
(3D+1P)

Figure 2-8

RAID group
(3D+1P)

RAID group
(4D+4D)

Sample RAID Level Intermix

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Hard Disk Drive Intermix
All hard disk drives (HDDs) in one array group (parity group) must be of the
same capacity and type. Different HDD types can be attached to the same BED
pair. All HDDs under a single BED pair must operate at the same data transfer
rate (200 or 400 MB/sec), so certain restrictions apply. For example, when an
array group consisting of HDDs with 200 MB/sec transfer rate is intermingled
with an array group consisting of HDDs with 400 MB/sec transfer rate, both
array groups operate at 200 MB/sec.

Device Emulation Intermix
Figure 2-9 illustrates an intermix of device emulation types. The Universal
Storage Platform V supports an intermix of all device emulations on the same
BED pair, with the restriction that the devices in each array group have the
same type of track geometry or format.
The Virtual LVI/LUN function enables different logical volume types to coexist.
When Virtual LVI/LUN is not being used, an array group can be configured with
only one device type (for example, 3390-3 or 3390-9, not 3390-3 and 33909). When Virtual LVI/LUN is being used, you can intermix 3390 device types,
and you can intermix OPEN-x device types, but you cannot intermix 3390 and
OPEN device types.
Note: For the latest information on supported LU types and intermix
requirements, please contact your Hitachi Data Systems account team.
Array Frame

Array Frame

USP V
Controller Frame
4th
BED
Pair

2nd
BED
Pair

3rd
BED
Pair

1st
BED
Pair

Array Frame

3390-9
3390-3
OPEN-V

Figure 2-9

Array Frame

OPEN-3
3390-9
OPEN-V

Sample Device Emulation Intermix

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

2-17

2-18

Architecture and Components
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3
Functional and Operational
Characteristics
This chapter discusses the functional and operational capabilities of the USP V.
RAID Implementation
CU Images, LVIs, and LUs
Storage Navigator
System Option Modes, Host Modes, and Host Mode Options
Mainframe Operations
Open-Systems Operations
Battery Backup Operations

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-1

RAID Implementation
This section provides an overview of the implementation of RAID technology
on the Universal Storage Platform V:

•

Array Groups and RAID Levels

•

Sequential Data Striping

•

LDEV Striping Across Array Groups

Array Groups and RAID Levels
The array group (also called parity group) is the basic unit of storage capacity
for the USP V. Each array group is attached to both boards of a BED pair over
16 fibre paths, which enables all disk drives in the array group to be accessed
simultaneously by the BED pair. Each array frame has two canister mounts,
and each canister mount can have up to 128 physical disk drives.
The USP V supports the following RAID levels: RAID-1, RAID-5, RAID-6, and
RAID1+0 (also known as RAIDA). RAID-0 is not supported on the USP V.
When configured in four-drive RAID-5 parity groups (3D+1P), ¾ of the raw
capacity is available to store user data, and ¼ of the raw capacity is used for
parity data.
RAID-1. Figure 3-1 illustrates a sample RAID-1 (2D+2D) layout. A RAID-1
(2D+2D) array group consists of two pair of disk drives in a mirrored
configuration, regardless of disk drive capacity. A RAID-1 (4D+4D) group*
combines two RAID-1 (2D+2D) groups. Data is striped to two drives and
mirrored to the other two drives. The stripe consists of two data chunks. The
primary and secondary stripes are toggled back and forth across the physical
disk drives for high performance. Each data chunk consists of either eight
logical tracks (mainframe) or 768 logical blocks (open systems). A failure in a
drive causes the corresponding mirrored drive to take over for the failed drive.
Although the RAID-5 implementation is appropriate for many applications, the
RAID-1 option on the USP V is ideal for workloads with low cache-hit ratios.
*Note for RAID-1(4D+4D): It is recommended that both RAID-1 groups
within a RAID-1 (4D+4D) group be configured under the same BED pair.

3-2

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

RAID-1 using 2D + 2D and 3390-x LDEVs

Track 0
to
Track 7

Track 8
to
Track 15

Track 16
to
Track 23

Track 24
to
Track 31

Track 32
to
Track 39

Track 40
to
Track 47

Track 48
to
Track 55

Track 56
to
Track 63

Figure 3-1

Sample RAID-1 2D + 2D Layout

RAID-5. A RAID-5 array group consists of four (3D+1P) or eight (7D+1P) disk
drives. The data is written across the four (or eight) disk drives in a stripe that
has three (or seven) data chunks and one parity chunk. Each chunk contains
either eight logical tracks (mainframe) or 768 logical blocks (open). The
enhanced RAID-5+ implementation in the USP V minimizes the write penalty
incurred by standard RAID-5 implementations by keeping write data in cache
until an entire stripe can be built and then writing the entire data stripe to the
disk drives. The 7D+1P RAID-5 increases usable capacity and improves
performance.
Figure 3-2 illustrates RAID-5 data stripes mapped over four physical drives.
Data and parity are striped across each of the disk drives in the array group
(hence the term “parity group”). The logical devices (LDEVs) are evenly
dispersed in the array group, so that the performance of each LDEV within the
array group is the same. Figure 3-2 also shows the parity chunks that are the
“Exclusive OR” (EOR) of the data chunks. The parity and data chunks rotate
after each stripe. The total data in each stripe is either 24 logical tracks (eight
tracks per chunk) for mainframe data, or 2304 blocks (768 blocks per chunk)
for open-systems data. Each of these array groups can be configured as either
3390-x or OPEN-x logical devices. All LDEVs in the array group must be the
same format (3390-x or OPEN-x). For open systems, each LDEV is mapped to
a SCSI address, so that it has a TID and logical unit number (LUN).

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-3

RAID-5 using 3D + 1P and 3390-x LDEVs

Track 0
to
Track 7

Track 8
to
Track 15

Track 16
to
Track 23

Parity
Tracks

Track 32
to
Track 39

Track 40
to
Track 47

Parity
Tracks

Track 24
to
Track 31

next
8
tracks

Parity
Tracks

next
8
tracks

Parity
Tracks

next
8
tracks

Figure 3-2

Sample RAID-5 3D + 1P Layout (Data Plus Parity Stripe)

RAID-6. A RAID-6 array group consists of eight (6D+2P) disk drives. The data
is written across the eight disk drives in a stripe that has six data chunks and
two parity chunks. Each chunk contains either eight logical tracks (mainframe)
or 768 logical blocks (open).
In the case of RAID-6, data can be assured when up to two drives in an array
group fail. Therefore, RAID-6 is the most reliable of the RAID levels.

Sequential Data Striping
The Universal Storage Platform V’s enhanced RAID-5+ implementation
attempts to keep write data in cache until parity can be generated without
referencing old parity or data. This capability to write entire data stripes, which
is usually achieved only in sequential processing environments, minimizes the
write penalty incurred by standard RAID-5 implementations. The device data
and parity tracks are mapped to specific physical disk drive locations within
each array group. Therefore, each track of an LDEV occupies the same relative
physical location within each array group in the storage system.
In a RAID-6 (dual parity) configuration, data is striped twice across four rows.
RAID-6 uses two parity drives to prevent loss of data in the unlikely event of a
second failure during a rebuild of a previous failure.

3-4

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

LDEV Striping Across Array Groups
In addition to the conventional concatenation of RAID-1 array groups
(4D+4D), the Universal Storage Platform V supports LDEV striping across
multiple RAID-5 array groups for improved LU performance in open-system
environments. The advantages of LDEV striping are:

•

Improved performance, especially of an individual LU, due to an increase in
the number of HDDs that constitute an array group.

•

Better workload distribution: in the case where the workload of one array
group is higher than another array group, you can distribute the workload
by combining the array groups, thereby reducing the total workload
concentrated on each specific array group.

The supported LDEV striping configurations are:

•

LDEV striping across two RAID-5 (7D+1P) array groups (see Figure 3-3).
The maximum number of LDEVs in this configuration is 1000.

•

LDEV striping across four RAID-5 (7D+1P) array groups (see Figure 3-4).
The maximum number of LDEVs in this configuration is 2000.
LDEV#B

LDEV#A

B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4

A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4

Array group 1 (7D+1P)

Array group 2 (7D+1P)
LDEV Striping

A-1
B-2
A-3
B-4

Array group 1 (7D+1P)
Figure 3-3

B-1
A-2
B-3
A-4

Array group 2 (7D+1P)

LDEV Striping Across 2 RAID-5 (7D+1P) Array Groups

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-5

LDEV#A

LDEV#B
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4

A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4

Array group 1 (7D+1P)

Array group 2 (7D+1P)
LDEV#D

LDEV#C

D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4

C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4

Array group 3 (7D+1P)

Array group 4 (7D+1P)
LDEV Striping
B-1
A-2
D-3
C-4

A-1
D-2
C-3
B-4

Array group 1 (7D+1P)

Array group 2 (7D+1P)
D-1
C-2
B-3
A-4

C-1
B-2
A-3
D-4

Array group 3 (7D+1P)
Figure 3-4

Array group 4 (7D+1P)

LDEV Striping Across 4 RAID-5 (7D+1P) Array Groups

All disk drives and device emulation types are supported for LDEV striping.
LDEV striping can be used in combination with all USP V data management
functions.

3-6

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

CU Images, LVIs, and LUs
CU Images
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM is configured with one control unit image
for each 256 devices (one SSID for each 64 or 256 LDEVs) and supports a
maximum of 510 CU images (255 in each logical disk controller, or LDKC).
The USP V/VM supports the following control unit (CU) emulation types:

•

3990-6, 3990-6E

•

2105, 2107

Note: The mainframe data management features of the USP V/VM may have
restrictions on CU image compatibility.
For further information on CU image support, refer to the Mainframe Host
Attachment and Operations Guide (MK-96RD645), or contact your Hitachi Data
Systems account team.

Logical Volume Images
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM supports the 3390 (and 3380*)
mainframe LVI types:

•

3390-3, -3R, -9, -L, and –M
Note: The 3390-3 and 3390-3R LVIs cannot be intermixed in the same
storage system.

•

3380-3, -F, -K
Note: The use of 3380 device emulation is restricted to Fujitsu
environments.

The LVI configuration of the USP V/VM storage system depends on the RAID
implementation and physical disk drive capacities. The LDEVs are accessed
using a combination of logical disk controller number (00-01), CU number
(00-FE), and device number (00-FF). All control unit images can support an
installed LVI range of 00 to FF.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-7

Logical Units
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM is configured with OPEN-V LU types. The
OPEN-V LU can vary in size from 48.1 MB to 4 TB. For information on other LU
types (OPEN-3, OPEN-9), contact your Hitachi Data Systems representative.
For maximum flexibility in LU configuration, the USP V provides the Virtual
LVI/LUN (VLL) and LUN Expansion (LUSE) features. Virtual LVI/LUN allows
users to configure multiple LUs under a single LDEV, and LUN Expansion
enables users to concatenate multiple LUs into large volumes. For further
information on Virtual LVI/LUN and LUN Expansion, please refer to the Virtual
LVI/LUN User’s Guide (MK-96RD630) and LUN Expansion User’s Guide
(MK-96RD616).

3-8

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Storage Navigator
The Hitachi Storage Navigator software communicates directly with the the
Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems via a local-area network
(LAN) to obtain storage system configuration and status information and send
user-requested commands to the storage systems. Storage Navigator displays
detailed storage system information and allows users to configure and perform
operations on the Universal Storage Platform V/VM.
Storage Navigator is provided as a Java® applet program that can be executed
on any machine that supports a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). A PC hosting the
Storage Navigator software is called a remote console. Each time a remote
console accesses and logs into the SVP of the desired storage system, the
Storage Navigator applet is downloaded from the SVP to the remote console.
Figure 3-5 illustrates remote console and SVP configuration for Storage
Navigator.
For further information on Storage Navigator, refer to the Storage Navigator
User’s Guide (MK-96RD621).
Storage Navigator

Universal Storage Platform V

SVP

Private LAN

Public
LAN

Private LAN

Web Browser
Web Client
Java™ Applet
program is
running.

Web Client (JVM™)

Figure 3-5

Download

Data communication
Information acquisition

HTTPD
server
RMI™
Server

Web Client
Java™ Applet

Configuration
information

Web Server (JVM™)

Storage Navigator and SVP Configuration

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-9

System Option Modes, Host Modes, and Host Mode Options
System Option Modes
To provide greater flexibility and enable the Universal Storage Platform V/VM
to be tailored to unique customer operating requirements, additional
operational parameters, or system option modes, are available. At installation,
the modes are set to their default values (specified in below). Be sure to
discuss these settings with your Hitachi Data Systems team. The system
option modes can only be changed by a Hitachi Data Systems representative.
Table 3-1 lists the system option mode information for Universal Storage
Platform V/VM microcode 60-02-48-00/00. Table 3-2 specifies the relationship
between modes 503 and 269 for Storage Navigator operations. Table 3-3
specifies the relationship between modes 503 and 269 for SVP operations.
The system option mode information may change in future microcode
releases. Contact your Hitachi Data Systems representative for the latest
information on the USP V/VM system option modes.

Table 3-1
Mode

System Option Modes
Category

Function

MCU/RCU

OFF

RCU

TrueCopy for z/OS

Setting default function (CRIT=Y) option for SVP panel (TCz).

OFF

MCU

TrueCopy for z/OS

Setting effective range of CGROUP.

OFF

MCU

ShadowImage for
z/OS

Suppression of ShadowImage (and Business Continuity
Manager) Quick Restore function.

OFF

–

ShadowImage

ShadowImage Quick Resync by CCI.

OFF

–

TrueCopy for z/OS
Async

TrueCopy for z/OS Async throttling feature.

OFF

MCU

104

TrueCopy for z/OS

Changing default of CGROUP Freeze option.

OFF

MCU

114

TrueCopy for z/OS

Turning TCz Links Around option.

OFF

MCU/RCU

122

ShadowImage for
z/OS

Suppression of ShadowImage for z/OS (and Business
Continuity Manager) Quick Split and Resync function.

OFF

–

161

Open

Suppression of high speed micro-program exchange for CHT.

OFF

–

190

TrueCopy for z/OS

TCz – Allows you to update the VOLSER and VTOC of the R-VOL
while the pair is suspended if both mode 20 and 190 are ON.

OFF

RCU

3-10

R-VOL read only function.

Default

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Mode
269

Category

Function
High-Speed Format for Virtual LVI/LUN (VLL) (available for all
device emulation types).

Common

Default

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

OFF

–

OFF

MCU/RCU

(1) High-Speed Format support: When redefining all LDEVs in
an array group using VLL Volume Initialize or Make Volume
operation, LDEV format, as the last process, will be performed
in high speed.
(2) Make Volume feature enhancement: The Make Volume
operation (recreating new CVs after deleting all volumes in a
VDEV) is now supported for all device emulation types.
Mode 269 = ON: The High Speed format is available when
performing VLL operations on Storage Navigator (or LDEV
format (SVP Maintenance) for all LDEVs in a array group).
Mode 269 = OFF: Only the low-speed format is available when
performing VLL operations on Storage Navigator (and LDEV
format operations on SVP Maintenance).
Note: If mode 503 is ON, since the format processing is
prevented, the High Speed Format function for VLL operations
(mode 269 ON) is not available. For details on the relationship
between modes 503 and 269, see Table 3-2 and Table 3-3
below.
Note: Mode 269 is effective only when using the SVP to format
the CVS.
278

Open

Tru64 (Host Mode 07) and OpenVMS (Host Mode 05)
Caution: Host offline: Required

292

TrueCopy for z/OS

Issuing OLS when Switching Port
When the mainframe host (FICON) is connected with the CNTmade FC switch (e.g., FC9000) and is using along with the
TrueCopy for z/OS with Open Fibre connection, the occurrence
of Link Incident Report for the mainframe host from the FC
switch will be deterred when switching the CHT port attribute
(including automatic switching when executing CESTPATH and
CDELPATH in case of mode 114 = ON).
Mode 292 = ON: When switching the port attribute, issue the
OLS (100 ms) first, and then reset the Chip.
Mode 292 = OFF: When switching the port attribute, reset the
Chip without issuing the OLS.

305

Mainframe

Pre-labeling: Pre-label is added via SVP as tentative volume
serial name into logical device formatting.

OFF

–

313

Open

OPEN-V Geometry

OFF

–

OFF

–

For OPEN-V and setting Host Mode Option 16 ON or System
Option Mode 313 ON, the same geometry shared by USP V and
USP/NSC can be responded to the host. When changing Mode
313 or Host Mode Option 16, the connecting server should be
powered off.
Caution: Host offline: Required
316

Open

Auto Negotiation in fixed speed.
If signal synchronizing has been unmatched for 2.6 seconds
during Auto Negotiation, the fixed speed can be set as follows:
Mode 316 = ON: 1 Gbps
Mode 316 = OFF: 2 Gbps
The mode should be set when a fixed speed of Auto Negotiation
is needed though the transfer speed may slow down.
The mode is available for CHT PCB.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-11

Mode
346

Category

Function
If an HBA containing HP WWN being connected, the LUN
Security function is operational by setting system option mode
346.

Open

Default

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

OFF

–

OFF

–

OFF

–

OFF

–

Mode 346 = ON: LUN Security is operational without host mode
setting restriction.
Mode 346 = OFF: LUN Security is operational only when host
mode 03 is set to ON.
Note: For a new storage system, system option mode 346 ON
can be set as the default setting.
Caution: For a storage system in use, you must shut down the
server in order to set mode 346 ON in this HBA configuration:
1. Shut down the server.
2. Set mode 346 to ON.
3. Power on the server.
4. Check whether any problems exist.
448

Universal
Replicator
Universal
Replicator for z/OS

Mode 448 = ON: (Enabled) If the SVP detects a blocked path,
the SVP assumes that an error occurred and immediately splits
(suspends) the mirror.
Mode 448 = OFF: (Disabled) If the SVP detects a blocked path
and the path does not recover within the specified period of
time, the SVP assumes that an error occurred and splits
(suspends) the mirror.
Note: The mode 448 setting takes effect only when mode 449
is set to OFF.

449

Universal
Replicator

Detecting and monitoring path blockade between MCU and RCU
of UR/URz.

Universal
Replicator for z/OS

Mode 449 = ON: Detecting and monitoring of path blockade will
NOT be performed.
Mode 449 = OFF: Detecting and monitoring of the path
blockade will be performed.

454

Virtual Partition
Manager

When making a destage schedule for CLPRs, using the average
workload of all the CLPRs or the highest workload of those of
the CLPRs can be optional.
Mode 454 = ON: The average workload of all the CLPRs is used
to make the destage schedule.
Mode 454 = OFF: The highest workload of those of the CLPRs is
used to make the destage schedule.
Note: The priority of the destage processing for a specific CLPR
in the overloaded status decreases and the overloaded status is
not released so that TOV (MIH) may occur.

459

ShadowImage for
z/OS
ShadowImage

When the secondary volume of an SI/SIz pair is an external
volume, the transaction to change the status from SP-PEND to
SPLIT is as follows:
(1) Mode 459 = ON when creating an SI/SIz pair: The copy
data is created in cache memory. When the write processing on
the external storage completes and the data is fixed, the pair
status will change to SPLIT.
(2) Mode 459 = OFF when creating an SI/SIz pair Once the
copy data has been created in cache memory, the pair status
will change to SPLIT. The external storage data is not fixed
(current spec).

3-12

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Mode
460

Category

Function
When turning off PS, the control information of the following
software stored in shared memory will be backed up in SVP.
After that, when performing volatile PS ON, the control
information will be restored into shared memory from SVP.

SM SVP

Default

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

OFF

MCU

OFF

–

TrueCopy, TrueCopy for z/OS, ShadowImage, ShadowImage for
z/OS, Volume Migration, FlashCopy, Universal Replicator,
Universal Replicator for z/OS, COW Snapshot
Setting Mode 460 to ON is required to enable the function.
Note: This support only applies to the case of volatile PS ON
after PS OFF. As usual, power outage, offline micro-program
exchange, DCI and System Tuning are not supported.
Note: Since PS-OFF/ON takes up to 25 minutes, when using
power monitoring devices (PCI, etc.), it is required to take
enough time for PS-OFF/ON.
464

TrueCopy for z/OS

SIM Report without Inflow Limit
For TrueCopy for z/OS, the SIM report for the volume without
inflow limit is available when mode 464 is set to ON.
SIM: RC=490x-yy (x=CU#, yy=LDEV#)

466

For UR/URz operations it is strongly recommended that the
path between main and remote storage systems have a
minimum data transfer speed of 100 Mbps. If the data transfer
speed falls to 10 Mbps or lower, UR operations cannot be
properly processed. As a result, many retries occur and UR
pairs may be suspended. Mode 466 is provided to ensure
proper system operation for data transfer speeds of at least 10
Mbps.

UR/URz

Mode 466 = ON: Data transfer speeds of 10 Mbps and higher
are supported. The JNL read is performed with 4-multiplexed
read size of 256 KB.
Mode 466 = OFF: For conventional operations. Data transfer
speeds of 100 Mbps and higher are supported. The JNL read is
performed with 32-multiplexed read size of 1 MB by default.
Note: The data transfer speed can be changed using the
Change JNL Group options.
467

SI/SIz, FlashCopy,
COW Snapshot,
Volume Migration,
Universal Volume
Manager

For the following features, the current copy processing slows
down when the percentage of “dirty” data is 60% or higher,
and it stops when the percentage is 75% or higher. Mode 467
is provided to prevent the percentage from exceeding 60%, so
that the host performance is not affected.
ShadowImage, ShadowImage for z/OS, FlashCopy, Copy-onWrite SnapShot, Volume Migration, Universal Volume Manager
Mode 467 = ON: Copy overload prevention. Copy processing
stops when the percentage of “dirty” data reaches 60% or
higher. When the percentage falls below 60%, copy processing
restarts.
Mode 467 = OFF: Normal operation. The copy processing slows
down if the dirty percentage is 60% or larger, and it stops if the
dirty percentage is 75% or larger.
Caution: This mode must always be set to ON when using an
external volume as the secondary volume of any of the abovementioned replication products.
Note: It takes longer to finish the copy processing because it
stops for prioritizing the host I/O performance.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-13

Mode
471

Category

Function
SIMs that require action only by the user and not maintenance
personnel are displayed on the Information of SVP and Storage
Navigator and are not reported to maintenance personnel. This
mode is provided for sites where it is required to report all SIMs
to maintenance personnel.

Common

Default

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

OFF

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

OFF

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

Mode 471 = ON: Report SIMs to maintenance personnel.
Mode 471 = OFF: Not report SIMs to maintenance personnel.
474

Universal
Replicator for z/OS

Reduce UR for z/OS initial copy time for better performance by
using the TC for z/OS initial copy operation.
Mode 474 = ON: For a suspended URz pair, a dedicated script
can be used to create a TC z pair on the same P-VOL and
S-VOL as the URz pair to shorten the initial copy time.
Mode 474 = OFF: For a suspended URz pair, a dedicated script
cannot be used to create a TC for z/OS pair on the same P-VOL
and S-VOL of the UR for z/OS pair to shorten the UR for z/OS
initial copy time.

481

Display the detail of Identifier Type=1 of Inquiry P83 (for
Windows Vista).

OPEN

Mode 481 = ON: Not display the detail of Identifier Type=1 of
Inquiry Page 83.
Mode 481 = OFF: Display the detail of Identifier Type=1 of
Inquiry Page 83.
Note: System option mode 312 must be OFF to use this mode.
484

TrueCopy for z/OS

Display the information of PPRC path QUERY in FC interface
format. Previously, the PPRC path QUERY information was only
displayed in ESCON interface format even when the path was
FC link. When IBM host functions (e.g., PPRC, GDPS) are being
used, mode 484 can be enabled to display the PPRC path
QUERY information in FC interface format.
Mode 484 = ON: Display information of PPRC path QUERY in FC
interface format.
Mode 484 = OFF: Display information of PPRC path QUERY in
ESCON interface format.

491

ShadowImage
ShadowImage for
z/OS
FlashCopy V1

Improve the performance of ShadowImage, ShadowImage for
z/OS, and FlashCopy version 1.
Mode 491 = ON: The option (Reserve 05) of SI/SIz is available.
When this option is set to ON, copy operations (SI, SIz, FCv1)
are increased from 64 processes to 128 processes for improved
performance.
Mode 491 = OFF: The option (Reserve 05) of SI/SIz is not
available. The copy operations (SI, SIz, FCv1) are performed
with 64 processes.
Notes:

3-14

Mode 491 requires at least three BED features. If there are
less than three BED features, mode 491 is not effective.

Enable mode 491 when the performance of ShadowImage,
ShadowImage for z/OS, and/or is considered to be
important.

Do not enable mode 491 when host I/O performance is
considered to be important.

When mode 491 is ON, set mode 467 to OFF. If mode 467 is
ON, the performance may not improve.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Mode
493

Category
Mainframe

Function
The CUIR function requires that the SA_ID reported to the host
is unique. The SA_ID value cannot be changed during online
operations. To change the SA_ID value from normal to unique,
set mode 493 to ON and then perform a power cycle*. Setting
mode 493 to ON without performing a power cycle does not
enable the function.

Default

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

OFF

–

OFF

–

*Power cycle includes PS-OFF/ON (volatile/non-volatile), startup after breaker OFF/ON, or offline micro-program exchange.
Mode 493 = ON: When mode 493 is ON and a power cycle is
performed, a unique SA_ID value for each port is reported to
the host.
Mode 493 = OFF: When mode 493 is OFF and a power cycle is
performed, and 2107 port is not set, normal SA_ID values are
reported to the host. When 2107 emulation is set, the SA_ID
value of mainframe PCB port remains unique even after setting
mode 493 to OFF and then performing a power cycle.
Caution: Power cycle is required.
494

Mainframe

Enables CUIR processing when replacing a FICON PCB.
Mode 494 = ON: CUIR processing is available when replacing a
FICON PCB, but only when mode 493 is ON and a power cycle*
is performed to enable the SA_ID unique mode.
*Power cycle includes PS-OFF/ON (volatile/non-volatile), startup after breaker OFF/ON, or offline micro-program exchange.
Mode 494 = OFF: CUIR processing is not available.
Caution: Power cycle is required.

498

OPEN

One path performance improvement for the OPEN random read.
Mode 498 = ON: One path performance improvement for the
OPEN random read is available.
Mode 498 = OFF: One path performance improvement for the
OPEN random read is not available.
Notes:

When mode 498 is ON, the maximum performance of CHP is
improved, which icreases the number of I/Os to the
back-end (DKP, HDD, external initiator MP, external
storage). Because of this, back-end performance must be
checked to make sure it is sufficient. If back-end
performance is insufficient, a timeout may occur due to a
bottleneck in the back-end.

When a bottleneck occurs in the back-end, the performance
may be worse than when mode 498 is OFF.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-15

Mode
503

Category

Function
For the Install CV, Make Volume, and Volume Initialize
functions of Virtual LVI/LUN, after LDEVs are installed, LDEV
format is suppressed, and a blocked LDEV is created.

Common

Default

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

OFF

–

OFF

RCU

OFF

MCU/RCU

OFF

MCU

Also, VLL operations and the UVM Add LU and Delete LU
operations are available even when an LDEV is blocked or being
formatted.
Mode 503 = ON: VLL operations with LDEV format suppressed
are available, and VLL operations can be performed when an
LDEV is blocked.
Mode 503 = OFF: After LDEV installation using VLL, LDEV
format is performed, and VLL operations cannot be performed
when an LDEV is blocked.
Notes:

When mode 503 is ON, LDEV format processing is
prevented, so the High Speed Format function for VLL
operations (mode 269) is not available.
For details about the relationship between mode 503 and
mode 269, see Table 3-2 and Table 3-3 below.

505

When a PDEV is blocked or a correction copy is in progress,
VLL operations cannot be performed.

Speed up changing CLPR cache assignment, and reduce the
processing time to a maximum of one minute per 1 GB.

VPM

Mode 505 = ON: Speed up changing CLPR cache assignment
(max 1 minute per 1 GB).
Mode 505 = OFF: Speed of changing CLPR cache assignment is
normal (max 5 minutes per 1 GB).
530

Universal
Replicator for z/OS

When a UR for z/OS pair is in the duplex state, this option
switches the display of Consistency Time (C/T) between the
values at JNL restore completion and at JNL copy completion.
Mode 530 = ON: C/T displays the value of when JNL copy is
completed.
Mode 530 = OFF: C/T displays the value of when JNL restore is
completed.
Note: At the time of Purge suspend or RCU failure suspend, the
C/T of UR for z/OS displayed by Business Continuity Manager or
Storage Navigator may show earlier time than the time shown
when the pair was in the duplex state.

531

OPEN and
mainframe

When PIN data is generated, the SIM currently stored in SVP is
reported to the host.
Mode 531 = ON: The SIM for PIN data generation is stored in
SVP and reported to the host.
Mode 531 = OFF: The SIM for PIN data generation is stored in
SVP only, not reported to the host, the same as the current
specification.

545

Mainframe

When creating the record #0 field, this option is used to allow
the record #0 format with the WRFTK (x95) command in the
case the CCHH of Count part transferred from the host differs
from the CCHH of the currently accessed track address.
Mode 545 = ON: The record #0 format is allowed.
Mode 545 = OFF: The record #0 format is not allowed.
Note: Use this mode when CU type 2107 is used, or INVALID
TRACK FORMAT ERROR occurs on VM MINIDISK.

3-16

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Mode
676

Category
Audit Log

Function
Store an audit log on the system disk as specified by the user.

Default

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

OFF

MCU/RCU

OFF

MCU/RCU

OFF

MCU/RCU

Mode 676 = ON: Store an audit log onto the system disk.
Mode 676 = OFF: Do not store an audit log onto the system
disk.
677

OPEN and
mainframe

This option is used not to perform SM backup for saving battery
consumption after planned PS Off.
Mode 677 = ON: Mode 677 is available only when Mode 460 is
ON.
When planned PS Off ends normally and the SM information is
successfully saved in SVP, the following operations are
performed according to the model:

USP V, USP VM model: Battery is not used for SM backup.

NSC model: BASE PCB is powered off.

Mode 677 = OFF: Although planned PS Off ends normally,
battery is used for SM backup.
Note: This option is recommended when PS Off that exceeds
the backup time is performed, or where NSC model is used.
685

OPEN and
mainframe

This option treats the blocakde of cache module group as that
of cache PCB to prevent performance degradation.
Mode 685 = ON: Cache module group blockade is treated as
Cache PCB blockade.
Mode 685 = OFF: Cache module group blockade is treated as
Cache PCB blockade when the blocked part reaches 75% of the
Cache capacity.
Notes:

689

TrueCopy and
TrueCopy for z/OS

This mode must not be set to ON in the device containing
only two Cache PCBs because the performance greatly
degrades with the device where only two Cache PCBs are
mounted since only one side of the cluster can be used due
to the Cache PCB blockade.

Since the failure of a cache module group is treated as the
failure of a cache PCB, the unavailable cache capacity is the
capacity of the entire PCB, instead of that of the failed
module group.

This option is used to prevent the initial copy operation when
the Write Pending rate on RCU exceeds 60%.
Mode 689 = ON: The initial copy operation is prevented when
the Write Pending rate on RCU exceeds 60%.
Mode 689 = OFF: The initial copy operation is not prevented
when the Write Pending rate on RCU exceeds 60% (the same
as before).
Notes:

This mode can be set online.

The micro-programs on both MCU and RCU must support
this mode.

This mode should be set per customer’s requests.

If the Write Pending status long keeps 60% or more on RCU,
it takes extra time for the initial copy to be completed by
making up for the prevented copy operation.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-17

Mode
690

Category
Universal
Replicator and
Universal
Replicator for z/OS

Function
This option is used to prevent Read JNL or JNL Restore when
the Write Pending rate on RCU exceeds 60% as follows:

When CLPR of JNL-Volume exceeds 60%, Read JNL is
prevented.

When CLPR of Data (secondary)-Volume exceeds 60%, JNL
Restore is prevented.

Default

MCU/RCU

OFF

RCU

OFF

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

Mode 690 = ON: Read JNL or JNL Restore is prevented when
the Write Pending rate on RCU exceeds 60%.
Mode 690 = OFF: Read JNL or JNL Restore is not prevented
when the Write Pending rate on RCU exceeds 60% (the same
as before).
Notes:

697

TrueCopy Async,
TrueCopy for z/OS
Async,
ShadowImage,
ShadowImage for
z/OS

This mode can be set online.

This mode should be set per customer’s requests.

If the Write Pending status long keeps 60% or more on RCU,
it takes extra time for the initial copy to be completed by
making up for the prevented copy operation.

If the Write Pending status long keeps 60% or more on RCU,
the pair status may become Suspend due to the JNL-Vol
being full.

This option prevents the SI Split command execution when the
coordinated TCA pair status is Suspend, and its Consistency
state is not guaranteed.
Mode 697 = ON: SI Split is not executed when the coordinated
TCA pair status is Suspend, and its Consistency state is not
guaranteed.
Mode 697 = OFF: SI Split is executed regardless of the pair
status or Consistency state of the coordinated TCA.
Note: This option should be applied only to prevent SI Split
when the following conditions 1 and 2, or 1 and 3 are met.
1. TCA S-VOL and SI P-VOL coexist (for either mainframe or
open).
2. The TCA that is coordinated with SI has not been in
Suspend.
3. The TCA that is coordinated with SI is in Suspend, and its
Consistency is not in the latest state.

701

Universal Volume
Manager

This option is used to issue the Read command at the LU
discovery operation using UVM.
Mode 701 = ON: The Read command is issued at the LU
discovery operation.
Mode 701 = OFF: The Read command is not issued at the LU
discovery operation.
Notes:

3-18

When the Open LDEV Guard attribute (VMA) is defined on an
external device, set the system option to ON.

When this option is set to ON, it takes longer time to
complete the LU discovery. The amount of time depends on
external storages.

With this system option OFF, if searching for external
devices with VMA set, the VMA information cannot be read.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Mode
704

Category
OPEN and
mainframe

Function
To reduce the chance of MIH, this option can reduce the priority
of SI, VM, CoW Shapshot, Flash Copy or Resync copy internal
IO requests so that host IO has a higher priority. This mode
creates new work queues where these jobs can be assigned
with a lower priority.

Default

MCU/RCU

OFF

–

Mode 704 = ON: Copy processing requested is registered into a
newly created queue so that the processing is scheduled with
lower priority than host I/O.
Mode 704 = OFF: Copy processing requested is not registered
into a newly created queue. Only the existing queue is used.
Note: If the PDEV is highly loaded, the priority of Read/Write
processing made by SI, VM, CoW Shapshot, Flash Copy or
Resync may become lower. As a consequence the copy speed
may be slower.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-19

Table 3-2

Modes 503 and 269: Storage Navigator Operations
Mode 269

Mode 503
ON

OFF

Table 3-3

Operation

Target of Operation

OFF

Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)

All LDEVs in a PG

No format

Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)

Some LDEVs in a PG

No format

Format

PG is specified

No operation

Format

All LDEVs in a PG

Low speed

Format

Some LDEVs in a PG

Low speed

Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)

All LDEVs in a PG

High speed

Low speed

Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)

Some LDEVs in a PG

Low speed

Format

PG is specified

No operation

Format

All LDEVs in a PG

Low speed

Format

Some LDEVs in a PG

Low speed

Modes 503 and 269: SVP Operations
Mode 269

Mode 503
ON

OFF

3-20

Operation

Target of Operation

OFF

PDEV Addition

High speed

Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)

All LDEVs in a PG

No format

Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)

Some LDEVs in a PG

No format

Format

PG is specified

High speed

Format

All LDEVs in a PG

High speed

Low speed

Format

Some LDEVs in a PG

Low speed

PDEV Addition

High speed

Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)

All LDEVs in a PG

High speed

Low speed

Virtual LVI/LUN (CVS)

Some LDEVs in a PG

Low speed

Format

PG is specified

High speed

Format

All LDEVs in a PG

High speed

Low speed

Format

Some LDEVs in a PG

Low speed

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Host Modes and Host Mode Options
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM supports connection of multiple server
hosts of different platforms to each of its ports. When your system is
configured, the hosts connected to each port are grouped by host group or by
target. For example, if Solaris and Windows hosts are connected to a fibre
port, a host group is created for the Solaris hosts, another host group is
created for the Windows hosts, and the appropriate host mode and host mode
options are assigned to each host group. The host modes and host mode
options provide enhanced compatibility with supported platforms and
environments.
The host groups, host modes, and host mode options are configured using the
LUN Manager software on Storage Navigator. For further information on host
groups, host modes, and host mode options, refer to the LUN Manager User’s
Guide (MK-96RD615).

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-21

Mainframe Operations
Mainframe Compatibility and Functionality
In addition to full System-Managed Storage (SMS) compatibility, the Universal
Storage Platform V and VM provide the following functionalities and support in
the mainframe environment:

•

Sequential data striping

•

Cache fast write (CFW) and DASD fast write (DFW)

•

Enhanced dynamic cache management

•

Extended count key data (ECKD) commands

•

Multiple Allegiance

•

Concurrent Copy (CC)

•

Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC)

•

FlashCopy

•

Parallel Access Volume (PAV)

•

Enhanced CCW

•

Priority I/O queuing

•

Red Hat Linux for IBM S/390® and zSeries®

Mainframe Operating System Support
Table 3-4 lists the mainframe operating systems currently supported by the
Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems. Please contact your
Hitachi Data Systems account team for the latest information on mainframe
operating system support.

Table 3-4

Mainframe Operating System Support

Vendor
IBM

Operating System(s)

Document

OS/390
MVS/ESA, MVS/XA
VM/ESA, VSE/ESA

Mainframe Host Attachment and
Operations Guide, MK-96RD645

z/OS, z/OS.e, z/VM, z/VSE

3-22

Red Hat

Linux for IBM S/390 and zSeries

Fujitsu

MSP

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Mainframe Configuration
After physical installation of the Universal Storage Platform V or VM storage
system has been completed, the user configures the storage system for
mainframe operations with assistance as needed from the Hitachi Data
Systems representative.
Please refer to the following user documents for information and instructions
on configuring your USP V/VM storage system for mainframe operations:

•

The Mainframe Host Attachment and Operations Guide (MK-96RD645)
describes and provides instructions for configuring the USP V/VM for
mainframe operations, including FICON and ESCON attachment, hardware
definition, cache operations, and device operations.
For detailed information on FICON connectivity, FICON/Open intermix
configurations, and supported HBAs, switches, and directors for the USP V
and VM, please contact your Hitachi Data Systems account team.

•

The Storage Navigator User’s Guide (MK-96RD621) provides instructions
for installing, configuring, and using Storage Navigator to perform resource
and data management operations on the USP V/VM storage system(s).

•

The Virtual LVI/LUN and Volume Shredder User’s Guide (MK-96RD630)
provides instructions for converting single volumes (LVIs) into multiple
smaller volumes to improve data access performance.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-23

Open-Systems Operations
Open-Systems Compatibility and Functionality
The Universal Storage Platform V/VM supports and offers many features and
functions for the open-systems environment, including:

•

Multi-initiator I/O configurations in which multiple host systems are
attached to the same fibre-channel interface

•

Fibre-channel arbitrated-loop (FC-AL) and fabric topologies

•

Command tag queuing

•

Industry-standard failover and logical volume management software

•

SNMP remote storage system management

The Universal Storage Platform V/VM’s global cache enables any fibre-channel
port to have access to any LU in the storage system. In the USP V/VM, each
LU can be assigned to multiple fibre-channel ports to provide I/O path failover
and/or load balancing (with the appropriate middleware support, such as
HGLAM) without sacrificing cache coherency.
The user should plan for path failover (alternate pathing) to ensure the highest
data availability. The LUs can be mapped for access from multiple ports and/or
multiple target IDs. The number of connected hosts is limited only by the
number of FC ports installed and the requirement for alternate pathing within
each host. If possible, the primary path and alternate path(s) should be
attached to different channel cards.

3-24

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Open-Systems Host Platform Support
Table 3-5 lists the open-systems host platforms supported by the USP V/VM
and the corresponding Configuration Guide for each host platform. The
Configuration Guides provide information and instructions on configuring the
USP V/VM disk devices for open-systems operations.

Table 3-5

Open-Systems Platforms and Configuration Guides

Platform

Configuration Guide

UNIX-Based Platforms
IBM AIX *

MK-96RD636

HP-UX

MK-96RD638

Sun Solaris

MK-96RD632

SGI IRIX

MK-96RD651

HP Tru64 UNIX

MK-96RD654

HP OpenVMS

MK-96RD653

PC Server Platforms
Windows

MK-96RD639

Novell NetWare

MK-96RD652

Linux Platforms
Red Hat Linux

MK-96RD640

SuSE Linux

MK-96RD650

VMware

MK-96RD649

*Note: The AIX ODM updates are included on the Product Documentation
Library (PDL) CDs that come with the Hitachi USP V and VM.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-25

Open-Systems Configuration
After physical installation of the Universal Storage Platform V/VM has been
completed, the user configures the storage system for open-systems
operations with assistance as needed from the Hitachi Data Systems
representative.
Please refer to the following user documents for information and instructions
on configuring your USP V/VM storage system for open-systems operations:

•

The Configuration Guides for Host Attachment (listed in Table 3-5 above)
provide information and instructions on configuring the USP V/VM storage
system and disk devices for attachment to the open-systems hosts.
Note: The queue depth and other parameters may need to be adjusted for
the USP V/VM devices. Refer to the appropriate Configuration Guide for
queue depth and other requirements.

•

The Hitachi LUN Manager User’s Guide (MK-96RD645) describes and
provides instructions for configuring the USP V/VM for host operations,
including FC port configuration, LUN mapping, host groups, host modes
and host mode options, and LUN Security.
Each fibre-channel port on the USP V/VM provides addressing capabilities
for up to 2,048 LUNs across as many as 255 host groups, each with its own
LUN 0, host mode, and host mode options. Multiple host groups are
supported using LUN Security.

3-26

•

The Hitachi SNMP Agent User and Reference Guide (MK-96RD620)
describes the SNMP API interface for the USP V/VM storage systems and
provides instructions for configuring and performing SNMP operations.

•

The Virtual LVI/LUN and Volume Shredder User’s Guide (MK-96RD630)
provides instructions for configuring multiple custom volumes (LUs) under
single LDEVs on the USP V/VM storage system.

•

The LUN Expansion User’s Guide (MK-96RD616) provides instructions for
configuring size-expanded LUs on the USP V/VM storage system by
concatenating multiple LUs to form individual large LUs.

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Battery Backup Operations
Figure 3-6 illustrates the two types of backup operations: backup mode and
destage mode.
Backup Mode (USP V and VM)
When backup mode is chosen and a power failure occurs, storage system
operations will continue normally for 200 milliseconds. If the power failure
exceeds 200 ms, the storage system uses power from the batteries to back
up the cache memory and shared memory for 36 hours or 48 hours,
depending on the amount of cache memory.
Destage Mode (USP V only)
When destage mode is chosen and a power failure occurs, storage system
operations will continue normally for 1 minute. If the power failure exceeds
1 minute, the storage system uses power from the batteries to destage the
data from cache memory onto the disk drives and back up the cache
memory and shared memory for 18 hours or 24 hours, depending on the
amount of cache memory.
Destage mode requires the 56V battery option (DKC-F610I-ABX).
Note: Destage mode is not supported in the following cases:

–

When external storage is connected

–

When Cache Residency Manager BIND mode is applied.

Battery Charge
If the battery is not fully charged when a power failure occurs, the backup
processes are affected as follows:

–

Backup mode: The backup time becomes short (less than 36/48 hours).

–

Destage mode: The destage process may not be possible until the
battery charging is complete, and the backup time may also become
short (less than 18/24 hours).

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

3-27

AC Input Power Failure Occurs
Detection of Power Failure

Universal Storage Platform V:
48 hours: CM up to 128 GB
36 hours: CM 132 GB to 256 GB

Universal Storage Platform VM:
36 hours

200 ms

Backup Mode
USP V/VM

Power Failure

Ç*1

Storage
System
Operating

CM and SM are backed up by battery.

24 hours (CM up to 128 GB)
18 hours (CM 132 GB to 256 GB)
1 minute

Destage Mode
USP V only
(battery option
required)

Power Failure
Storage
System
Operating

8 minutes

5 minutes

Ç*2
Data destage process

CM and SM are backed up by battery.
Power off process

Notes:
4. When power is recovered after a failure while backup power is being supplied by battery, the storage system
operates depending on the status of the Auto-Power-On JP on the Operator panel:
ENABLE: The storage system is powered on automatically.
DISABLE: The storage system is powered on by operating the Power ON/OFF switch or the PCI.
5. When power is recovered after a failure during the destage process, the destage and power-off processes are
executed.

Figure 3-6

3-28

Battery Backup Processes for Power Failure

Functional and Operational Characteristics
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

4
Troubleshooting
This chapter provides basic troubleshooting information for the Universal
Storage Platform V/VM and instructions for calling technical support.
General Troubleshooting
Service Information Messages
Calling the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center

Troubleshooting
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

4-1

General Troubleshooting
The Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V and VM storage systems are not
expected to fail in any way that would prevent access to user data. The READY
LED on the control panel must be ON when the storage system is operating
online.
Table 4-1 lists potential error conditions and provides recommended actions
for resolving each condition. If you are unable to resolve an error condition,
contact your Hitachi Data Systems representative, or call the Hitachi Data
Systems Support Center for assistance.

Table 4-1

Troubleshooting

Error Condition
Error message
displayed.
General power failure.

Recommended Action
Determine the type of error (refer to the SIM codes section. If possible,
remove the cause of the error. If you cannot correct the error condition, call
the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for assistance.
Call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for assistance.
WARNING: Do not open the Universal Storage Platform V control frame or
touch any of the controls.

4-2

Fence message is
displayed on the
console.

Determine if there is a failed storage path. If so, toggle the RESTART switch,
and retry the operation. If the fence message is displayed again, call the
Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for assistance.

READY LED does not
go on, or there is no
power supplied.

Call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for assistance.
WARNING: Do not open the Universal Storage Platform V control frame or
touch any of the controls.

Emergency (fire,
earthquake, flood,
etc.)

Pull the emergency power-off (EPO) switch. You must call the Hitachi Data
Systems Support Center to have the EPO switch reset.

ALARM LED is on.

If there is a temperature problem in the area, power down the storage
system, lower the room temperature to the specified operating range, and
power on the storage system. Call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center
for assistance with power off/on operations. If the area temperature is not the
cause of the alarm, call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center for
assistance.

Troubleshooting
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Service Information Messages
The Universal Storage Platform V and VM generate service information
messages (SIMs) to identify normal operations (for example, TrueCopy pair
status change) as well as service requirements and errors or failures. For
assistance with SIMs, please call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center.
SIMs can be generated by the front-end and back-end directors and by the
SVP. All SIMs generated by the USP V/VM are stored on the SVP for use by
Hitachi Data Systems personnel, logged in the SYS1.LOGREC dataset of the
mainframe host system, displayed by the Storage Navigator software, and
reported over SNMP to the open-system host. The SIM display on Storage
Navigator enables users to remotely view the SIMs reported by the attached
storage systems. Each time a SIM is generated, the amber Message LED on
the control panel turns on. The Hi-Track remote maintenance tool also reports
all SIMs to the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center.
SIMs are classified according to severity: service, moderate, serious, or acute.
The service and moderate SIMs (lowest severity) do not require immediate
attention and are addressed during routine maintenance. The serious and
acute SIMs (highest severity) are reported to the mainframe host(s) once
every eight hours.
Note: If a serious or acute-level SIM is reported, call the Hitachi Data Systems
Support Center immediately to ensure that the problem is being addressed.
Figure 4-1 illustrates a typical 32-byte SIM from the USP V/VM. SIMs are
displayed by reference code (RC) and severity. The six-digit RC, which is
composed of bytes 22, 23, and 13, identifies the possible error and determines
the severity. The SIM type, located in byte 28, indicates which component
experienced the error.

Byte

5 6

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

SIM SSB

00 90 10 00 00 00 8F E0 44 10 00 04 00 80 04 0C 69 00 00 00 00 02 30 70 05 10 42 C0 F1 00 02 00
SSB13

Indicates SIM.

Figure 4-1

SSB22, 23

RC = 307080

SIM type
F1: DKC SIM
F2: CACHE SIM
FE: DEVICE SIM
FF: MEDIA SIM

Typical SIM Showing Reference Code and SIM Type

Troubleshooting
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

4-3

Calling the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center
If you need to call the Hitachi Data Systems Support Center, make sure to
provide as much information about the problem as possible, including:

•

The circumstances surrounding the error or failure

•

The exact content of any error messages displayed on the host system(s)

•

The error code(s) displayed on the Storage Navigator

•

The service information messages (SIMs) displayed on the Storage
Navigator and the reference codes and severity levels of the recent SIMs

The Hitachi Data Systems customer support staff is available 24 hours/day,
seven days a week. If you need technical support, please call:

4-4

•

United States: (800) 446-0744

•

Outside the United States: (858) 547-4526

Troubleshooting
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

A
Units and Unit Conversions
Table A-1 provides conversions for standard (U.S.) and metric units of
measure associated with the Universal Storage Platform V/VM storage
systems.

Table A-1

Conversions for Standard (U.S.) and Metric Units of Measure
From

Multiply By:

To Get:

British thermal units (BTU)

0.251996

Kilocalories (kcal)

British thermal units (BTU)

0.000293018

Kilowatts (kW)

Inches (in)

2.54000508

Centimeters (cm)

Feet (ft)

0.3048006096

Meters (m)

Square feet (ft2)

0.09290341

Square meters (m2)

Cubic feet per minute (ft3/min)

0.028317016

Cubic meters per minute (m3/min)

Pound (lb)

0.4535924277

Kilogram (kg)

Kilocalories (kcal)

3.96832

British thermal units (BTU)
-3

Kilocalories (kcal)

1.16279 × 10

Kilowatts (kW)

3412.08

British thermal units (BTU)

Kilowatts (kW)

859.828

Kilocalories (kcal)

Millimeters (mm)

0.03937

Inches (in)

Centimeters (cm)

0.3937

Inches (in)

Meters (m)

39.369996

Inches (in)

Meters (m)

3.280833

Feet (ft)

Square meters (m2)

10.76387

Square feet (ft2)

Cubic meters per minute (m3/min)

35.314445

Cubic feet per minute (ft3/min)

Kilograms (kg)

2.2046

Pounds (lb)

Ton (refrigerated)

12,000

BTUs per hour (BTU/hr)

Degrees Fahrenheit (°F)

First subtract 32, then multiply:
°C = (°F - 32) × 0.555556

Degrees Celsius (°C)

First multiply, then add 32:
°F = (°C × 1.8) + 32

Degrees Fahrenheit (°F)

Degrees Fahrenheit per hour (°F/hour)

0.555555

Degrees Celsius per hour (°C/hour)

1.8

Degrees Fahrenheit per hour (°F/hour)

Units and Unit Conversions
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

A-1

A-2

Units and Unit Conversions
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
ACP
ASTM
ATA
AVE

ampere
array control processor (another name for back-end director)
American Society for Testing and Materials
Advanced Technology Attachment standard
average

BC
BED
BS
BSA
BTU

business continuity
back-end director
basic (power) supply
bus adapter
British thermal unit

°C
ca
CC
CCI
CD
CEC
CFW
CH
CHA
CHIP
CHL
CHP
CHPID
CIFS
CKD
CL
CLI
CLPR
CMA
CPU
CSA
CSW
CU
CV

degrees Celsius
cache
Concurrent Copy
Command Control Interface
compact disk
Canadian Electroacoustic Community
cache fast write
channel
channel adapter
client-host interface processor (another name for front-end director)
channel
channel processor (MPs on the FED features) or channel path
channel path identifier
common internet file system
count key data
cluster
command line interface
cache logical partition
cache memory adapter
central processing unit
Canadian Standards Association
cache switch, cache switch card
control unit
custom volume
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Acronyms-1

CVS

Custom Volume Size (another name for Virtual LVI/LUN)

DASD
dB(A)
DFDSS
DFSMS
DFW
DKA
DKC
DKP
DKU
DLM
DNS
dr
DRAM
DSF
DTDS+

direct access storage device
decibel (A-weighted)
Data Facility Dataset Services
Data Facility System Managed Storage
DASD fast write
disk adapter
disk controller (DKC610 = USP V, DKC615 = USP VM)
disk processor (microprocessors on the BED features)
disk unit
data lifecycle management
domain name system
drive
dynamic random access memory
Device Support Facilities
Disaster Tolerant Storage System Plus

ECKD
EOF
EMI
EPO
EREP
ESA
ESCON
ESS
ExSA

Extended Count Key Data
end of field
electromagnetic interference
emergency power-off
Error Reporting
Enterprise Systems Architecture
Enterprise System Connection (IBM trademark for optical channels)
Enterprise Storage Server®
Extended Serial Adapter

FAL
FBA
FC
FC-AL
FCC
FCP
FCU
FDR
FED
FICON
F/M
FWD
FX

File Access Library (part of the Cross-OS File Exchange software)
fixed-block architecture
fibre-channel
fibre-channel arbitrated loop
Federal Communications Commission
fibre-channel protocol
File Conversion Utility (part of the Cross-OS File Exchange software)
Fast Dump/Restore
front-end director
Fiber Connection
format/message
fast wide differential
Hitachi Cross-OS File Exchange

g
Gb
GB
Gbps, Gb/s
GLM
GLPR
GUI

acceleration of gravity (9.8 m/s2) (unit used for vibration and shock)
gigabit
gigabyte (see Convention for Storage Capacity Values)
gigabit per second
gigabyte link module
global logical partition
graphical user interface

HACMP
HBA
HCD
HDLM

High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing
host bus adapter
hardware configuration definition
HiCommand Dynamic Link Manager

Acronyms-2

Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

HDS
HDU
HGLAM
Hi-Star
HSN
HWM
Hz

Hitachi Data Systems
hard disk unit
HiCommand Global Link Availability Manager
Hierarchical Star Network
Hierarchical Star Network
high-water mark
Hertz

ICKDSF
IDCAMS
IML
in.
IO, I/O
IOCP

A DSF command used to perform media maintenance
access method services (a component of Data Facility Product)
initial microprogram load
inch(es)
input/output (operation or device)
input/output configuration program

JCL

job control language

KB
kcal
kg
km
kVA
kW

kilobyte (see Convention for Storage Capacity Values)
kilocalorie
kilogram
kilometer
kilovolt-ampere
kilowatt

LAN
lb
LD
LDEV
LED
LPAR
LCP
LRU
LU
LUN
LVI
LVM
LW

local area network
pound
logical device
logical device
light-emitting diode
logical partition
link control processor, local control port
least recently used
logical unit
logical unit number, logical unit
logical volume image
logical volume manager, Logical Volume Manager
long wavelength

m
MB
MIH
mm
MP
MPLF
MR
ms, msec
MVS
NBU
NEC
NFS
NIS
NTP
NVS

meter
megabyte (see Convention for Storage Capacity Values)
missing interrupt handler
millimeter
microprocessor
Multi-Path Locking Facility
magnetoresistive
millisecond
Multiple Virtual Storage (including MVS/ESA, MVS/XA)
NetBackup (a VERITAS software product)
National Electrical Code
network file system
network information service
network time protocol
nonvolatile storage

Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Acronyms-3

ODM
OEM
OFC
ORM
OS

Object Data Manager
original equipment manufacturer
open fibre control
online read margin
operating system

PAV
PB
PC
PCI
P/DAS
PDEV
PDL
PG
PPRC
PS

Parallel Access Volume
petabyte (see Convention for Storage Capacity Values)
personal computer system
power control interface
PPRC/dynamic address switching (IBM mainframe software function)
physical device
Product Documentation Library
parity group
Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (an IBM mainframe host software function)
power supply

RAB
RAID
RAM
RC
RISC
R/W

RAID Advisory Board
redundant array of independent disks
random-access memory
reference code
reduced instruction-set computer
read/write

S/390
SAN
SATA
SCSI
SCP
sec.
seq.
SFP
SGI
SI
SIM
SIz
SLPR
SMA
SMS
SNMP
SSID
SVP
SW

IBM System/390 architecture
storage-area network
serial Advanced Technology Attachment standard
small computer system interface
state-change pending
second
sequential
small form-factor pluggable
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
ShadowImage
service information message
ShadowImage for z/OS
storage logical partition
shared memory adapter
System Managed Storage
simple network management protocol
storage system identification
service processor
switch, short wavelength

TB
T&B
TC
TCz
TID
TPF
TSO

terabyte (see Convention for Storage Capacity Values)
Thomas & Betts
TrueCopy
TrueCopy for z/OS
target ID
Transaction Processing Facility
Time Sharing Option (an IBM mainframe operating system option)

UCB

unit control block

Acronyms-4

Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

UIM
UL
μm
USP V
USP VM

unit information module
Underwriters’ Laboratories
micron, micrometer
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform VM

VA
VAC
VCS
VDE
VDEV
VM
VOLID
volser
VSE
VTOC

volt-ampere
volts AC
VERITAS Cluster Server
Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker
virtual device
Virtual Machine (an IBM mainframe system control program)
volume ID
volume serial number
Virtual Storage Extension (an IBM mainframe operating system)
volume table of contents

W
WLM

watt
Workload Manager (an IBM mainframe host software function)

XA
XDF
XRC

System/370 Extended Architecture
Extended Distance Feature (for ExSA channels)
Extended Remote Copy (an IBM mainframe host software function)

Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Acronyms-5

Acronyms-6

Acronyms and Abbreviations
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Index
A
alternate pathing
scheme, 2-4
arbitrated-loop topology, 2-9
array
domain, 2-10
group, 3-2

fixed-block-architecture, 2-11

hdd storage capacities, 2-11
Hierarchical Star Network, 2-3

back-end director, 2-9

intermix
virtual lvi/lun, 2-17

cache
global, 3-24
memory battery backup, 2-6
switch cards, 2-3
canister mount, 3-2
commands
cache fast write, 2-6
write inhibit, 2-14
conversion
fba to ckd, 2-7
copy functions
dasd on raid, 1-12

J
Java applet, 3-9

LDEV mapping
scsi address, 3-3
LU types, 3-8

mainframe
lvi supported types, 3-7
multiple LUs
concatenate, 3-8

data
sequential striping, 3-4
striping, 3-2
data transmission rates
ficon, 2-7
DKA pair
buffers, 2-9
device emulation, 2-17
dynamic path switching, 2-7

P
parity
data, 3-2
groups, 3-2
paths
data and command, 2-3
power supply, 2-12

R
RAID-5 array group, 3-3
RAID-6 array group, 3-4
Red Hat Linux, 3-22

error conditions, 4-2
extended count key data, 3-22

Index
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Index-1

scrubbing
background, 2-11
service processor, 2-11
shared memory
nonvolatile, 2-6
single points of failure, 2-4
spare disk drives
max qty, 2-11
storage
clusters, 2-4

USP advanced features and functions, 1-8
USP hardware architecture, 2-5

write penalty, 3-4

Index-2

Index
Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM User and Reference Guide

Hitachi Data Systems
Hitachi Data Systems
Corporate Headquarters
Corporate
750 Central Headquarters
Expressway
750 Central
Santa
Clara,Expressway
California 95050-2627
Santa Clara, California 95050-2627
U.S.A.
U.S.A. 1 408 970 1000
Phone:
Phone:
1 408 970 1000
www.hds.com
www.hds.com
info@hds.com
info@hds.com
Asia Pacific and Americas
AsiaCentral
PacificExpressway
and Americas
750
750 Central
Santa
Clara,Expressway
California 95050-2627
Santa
U.S.A. Clara, California 95050-2627
U.S.A. 1 408 970 1000
Phone:
Phone:
1 408 970 1000
info@hds.com
info@hds.com
Europe Headquarters
EuropePark
Headquarters
Sefton
Sefton
Park
Stoke Poges
Stoke Poges
Buckinghamshire
SL2 4HD
Buckinghamshire
United
Kingdom SL2 4HD
United
Phone: Kingdom
+ 44 (0)1753 618000
Phone:
+ 44 (0)1753 618000
info.eu@hds.com
info.eu@hds.com

MK-96RD635-04

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Title                           : Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V and Hitachi Universal Storage Platform VM
Creator                         : Hitachi Data Systems
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Subject                         : universal storage platform v vm user reference guide family capabilities specifications software products hardware architecture components shared memory cache front-end directors host channels back-end array domains control panel mainframe operating
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