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HP 20b Business Consultant
Financial Calculator Quick Start Guide

For free training, visit www.hp.com/go/calctraining

HP part number: F2219-90001
First edition: January 2008

Basic Features

Legal Notices
This manual and any examples contained herein are provided “as is” and are subject to
change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard
to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, noninfringement and fitness for a particular purpose.
Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual or the
examples contained herein.
Copyright © 2008 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior written
permission of Hewlett-Packard Company, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
Hewlett-Packard Company
16399 West Bernardo Drive
MS 8-600
San Diego, CA 92127-1899
USA

2

Contents
Legal Notices

2

HP 20b Business Consultant

4

1

Basic Features

6

2

Mathematical Calculations

20

3

Statistical Operations

34

4

Time Value of Money

40

5

Cash Flows

50

6

Business Problems

62

7

Bonds

68

8

Depreciation

74

9

Break-even

81

10 Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact Information

3

84

HP 20b Business Consultant

HP 20b Business Consultant

4

HP 20b Business Consultant

Keyboard Map Legend
No.

Feature

Chapter(s)

No.

Feature

Chapter(s)

1

Time Value of
Money keys

4

16

Annunciator
display area

2

Cash Flows, IRR,
and NPV menus

5

15

Amortization and
Depreciation
menus

4,8

3

Data and Statistics
menus

3

14

% key and
Percent
Calculation menu

2,6

4

Input

1

13

Store and Recall

1

5

Memory

1

12

Break-even menu

9

6

Up/Insert and
Down/Delete keys

1

11

Backspace key
and Reset menu

1

7

Shift key

1

10

Math Menu

2

8

On/Off

1

9

Mathematical
functions (rows)

2

5

1

Basic Features

1

Basic Features

Welcome to the HP 20b Financial Calculator
This guidebook is designed to get you started with your new 20b Financial
Calculator. If you require more detailed information about calculator operation
and features, please refer to the training materials available at:
www.hp.com/go/calctraining.

Turning the Calculator On and Off
To turn on your calculator, press O. To turn it off, press :a.
Turning the calculator off does not erase any data you have stored. The
calculator automatically turns itself off after approximately five minutes to
conserve energy. If you see the low battery symbol () in the display, replace
the batteries. See Chapter 10, Warranty and Contact Information for instructions
on replacing the batteries.

Selecting a Language
English is stored as the default language. To select a language other than
English for messages on the display:
1.

Press :u to access the Mode menu. FIX= displays on the top
line of the screen.

6

Basic Features

2.

Press > repeatedly until English displays on the screen.

3.

Press I until the desired language is displayed. The displayed
language is the active setting.

4.

Press O to return to the default calculator screen.

For more information on accessing menus and changing calculator settings, refer
to the section below titled, Accessing Menus.

Adjusting the Display Contrast
To adjust the brightness of the display, press and hold O while pressing the

+ or - keys.

Each press of the + or - keys slightly increases or

decreases the brightness of the display.

Cursor
When you enter a number, the cursor (-) blinks in the display and indicates you
are in number entry mode.

Two Line Display
There are two lines in the display screen as shown in Figure 1-1:

Figure 1-1 Display Screen

7

Basic Features

The top line of the screen displays operation status, operator symbols,
annunciators, and abbreviations of the registers, variables, and menus.
Throughout this manual, this line is referred to as the top line. In Figure 1-1, SIN
and RPN on the far right are on the top line.
The bottom line displays numbers you have entered, or results. Throughout this
manual, this line is referred to as the bottom line.
When no operations have been entered and no operations are pending, the
bottom line of the screen displays 0. This state of the calculator is referred to as
the default calculator screen.

The Mode Menu: Setting Preferences
The Mode menu allows you to customize the calculator. To access the Mode
menu, press :u. Press > or < repeatedly to scroll through the
menu starting with FIX=2 (the number of digits displayed to the right of the
decimal point). Once an item is displayed, press I to cycle through the
other options for that setting. To exit the Mode menu, press O. Table 1-1
below lists the items in the Mode menu.

8

Basic Features

Table 1-1 Mode Menu Settings
Setting

Display Description

FIX= 2

The current number of digits displayed to the right of the
decimal point. Default is 2.
Key in the number of digits you want and press I, or
press = until the number of digits you want is displayed.

Degree or

The current angular mode in degrees or radians.

Radian

Default is Degree.
Pressing I toggles between these options.

Date:

The current format for dates entered into menus: mm dd yyyy

mm dd yyyy

or dd mm yyyy. December 3, 2010 is entered as 12.032010 in

or

mm dd yyyy format, or 3.122010 in dd mm yyyy format. Note

dd mm yyyy

the (.) in both formats separating the first and second groups.
Default is mm dd yyyy format.
Pressing I toggles between these options.

1.23 or 1,23

The current decimal separator as a decimal point or comma.
Default is decimal point, 1.23
Pressing I toggles between these options.

9

Basic Features

Table 1-1 Mode Menu Settings
Setting

Display Description

Decimal or

The current thousands separator. Decimal (1000.00 or

Comma

1,000.00); Comma (1000,00 or 1.000,00).
Default is decimal. Pressing I cycles through these
options.

Chain,

The current operation mode.

Algebraic, or

Default is Chain.

RPN

Pressing I cycles through these options.

English,

The current language option.

Français,

Default is English.

Deutsch,

Pressing I cycles through these options.

Español
Actual or

The current calendar options for bonds and date calculations.

Cal.360

Default is Actual
Pressing I toggles between these options.

Annual or

The current bond type.

Semiannual

Default is Annual.
Pressing I toggles between these options.

10

Basic Features

Changing the Operating Mode
After viewing the default settings, suppose you want to change the operating
mode from Chain to RPN. See Table 1-2.
Table 1-2 Changing the Operating Mode
Keys

Display

Description

:u

Opens the Mode menu, starting
with first setting option, FIX=, the
number of digits displayed to the
right of the decimal point.

<<<<
<

Scrolls to the current setting for
the operating mode, Chain.

(Press five times)

II

Selects RPN as the active

(Press two times)

setting. Note the RPN
annunciator to the right.

> or <

Pressed repeatedly, scrolls
through other settings in the
menu. The displayed settings
are the active settings.

11

Basic Features

Table 1-2 Changing the Operating Mode
Keys

Display

Description

O

Exits the Mode menu and returns
you to the default calculator
screen.

Key Presses and the Shift : Key
To activate a key, press and release the desired key.
Most of the 20b's keys have two functions: the primary function and the shifted, or

secondary function. The primary function is printed on the top of the key. The
secondary function is printed on the bevel of the key.
To activate the secondary function of a key, press and release

: followed by

the key with the secondary function printed on the bevel. Unlike the shift key on a
typewriter or computer keyboard, it is not necessary to press and hold

: while

pressing another key.
In this manual, commands with secondary key functions are represented by the
shift key symbol, :, followed by the key with the secondary function. For
example, to activate sine, press :p.

12

Basic Features

When : is active, the down arrow annunciator appears on screen, indicating
that the next key pressed will execute the secondary function of the key. To
cancel an accidental press of :, simply press : a second time.
Key commands for example problems are provided throughout the text and in
tables. Key symbols are placed in the order they are to be pressed, from left to
right.

Annunciators
Annunciators are symbols that appear in the display as messages, or after certain
keys or key combinations have been pressed. Annunciators are special symbols
indicating a specific status in the calculator. Table 1-3 lists the annunciators.
Table 1-3 Annunciator Symbols
Annunciator Symbol

(•)

Status
The shift key has been pressed. When
another key is pressed with this symbol
displayed, the secondary function printed on
the bevel of the key is activated.

Big (=) symbol

When displayed with an item, for example,

Price =, it indicates the value assigned to that
variable.

13

Basic Features

Table 1-3 Annunciator Symbols
Annunciator Symbol
Small (=) symbol

Status
Indicates an item for which the = key is
valid. This symbol appears on the upper right
of the display screen.



Battery power is low.

BEG

Begin mode is activated.

STO

Stores a number in memory.

RCL

Recalls stored numbers.

RAD

Radians setting is active.

RPN

RPN mode is active.

360

The 360-day calendar option is active.

INPUT

Input mode is activated.

The I Key
The I key is used to input values for variables and execute menu items.

14

Basic Features

The I key is also used in Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) mode to enter a
number on the stack or duplicate it.

The = Key
The = key is used at the end of a mathematical operation to calculate the final
result. For example, 1+2= returns a final result of 3.
The = key also allows you to request a calculation for the value of an item.
This request only applies to items that can be calculated.
For example, when you select the nominal interest rate (Nom. %= ) in the Interest
Conversion (Iconv) menu, pressing = outside of a mathematical operation
calculates and displays the nominal interest rate based on the stored data in the
other variables in the menu.
To open the Iconv menu, press :&. Nom %= displays on the top line, and
the current value assigned to the nominal interest rate is displayed on the bottom
line. At this screen, press 12I to enter a new current value for the
nominal rate. Press < followed by = to calculate the current value for the
effective rate. See Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2

15

Basic Features

When an item for which the = key is valid displays, the small indicator (=) is
displayed on the top line at the right of the screen. Do not confuse this small
annunciator (=) with the larger annunciator (=) found to the right of a variable.

Editing Entries and Clearing
The On/CE O Key
Pressing O one time cancels current number entries, mathematical operations,
or a menu selection, in that order.
Pressing O repeatedly while performing multiple actions or operations, or with
multiple operations pending, cancels one operation at a time, from the latest to the
earliest.

The Reset :x Menu
The Reset menu allows you to reset some, or all, of the menu items, variables,
and registers to their default values.
To open the Reset menu, press :x. TVM displays on the top line. Press

< repeatedly to scroll to a specific item.

If you select the command to reset all

values, All , you will be prompted to confirm your choice. To reset, press
At the All Reset message, press O or

I.

I to exit.

Pressing :x while working within a particular menu takes you directly to the
item of the Reset menu that allows you to reset that menu. Say, for example, you

16

Basic Features

are working in the Bond menu and you wish to reset all your entries in the Bond
menu. From anywhere in the Bond menu, press :x. Bond displays on
screen. At this prompt, pressing I resets the Bond menu and returns you
to the last item you were working with in the Bond menu.

Notes about Special Menus
The Mode, Memory, Math and Reset menus are special menus, because when
you exit them by pressing

O, you return to the previous menu (if any).

This

feature allows you to work in two or more menus simultaneously without having to
exit a menu and lose your work.

Memory
The Cash Flow and Statistics menus share the same memory and are limited to a
combined total of 50 memory slots.
Macros can record up to 120 keys.
Since entering data in menus can represent a significant amount of work, when
the reset commands for the macro, cash flows, statistics and delete all (Del.All? )
functions are used, you will be asked to confirm your choice. At the prompt, press

I to confirm, or O to cancel.

17

Basic Features

Accessing Menus and Menu Maps
Many of the 20b's functions are located within menus. To access a menu, press
the key, or shift key combination for the menu in which you wish to work. To exit a
menu, press O.
For example, to access the Break-even menu, press

:!.

Once opened,

you can scroll through the items in the menu by pressing >< repeatedly.
When you arrive at the last item in a menu, pressing < returns you to the first
item. Similarly, pressing > one time on the first menu item scrolls to the last
item in the menu.
In this manual, diagrams called Menu Maps are included at the beginning of each
section to assist you in navigating through the menus used for that section. For
an example of a menu map, see Figure 1-3 below.

Figure 1-3 The Menu Map for the Break-even Menu

18

Basic Features

There are four types of menu items:
1.

Read/write. Read/write menu items, such as Price= in the Breakeven menu shown above, are easily recognizable, because when they
are selected, both the INPUT and small (=) annunciators are lit. When
lit, these annunciators indicate that entering a number and pressing

I will store the entered number in the displayed menu item.
pressing = (outside of a mathematical operation) you will then

By

calculate the value for that item based on data entered elsewhere in the
menu.
2.

Read-only. Read-only items such as Internal Rate of Return (IRR%= )
in the IRR menu are display-only; they are calculated values computed
internally by the calculator.

3.

Write-only. Write-only items, such as investment interest rate (Inv.
I%= ) in the Net Present Value (NPV) menu, are similar to read/write
items in that the INPUT annunciator is lit when these items are
selected, indicating that entering a number and pressing I stores
that number in that menu item.

4.

Special items. Special items, such as the Degree/Radian option in
the Mode menu, the items of the Reset menu, and the items of the
Percent Calculation (%calc ) menu perform an action when I is
pressed. Depending on the menu, this action can be the selection of a
sub-menu in the %calc menu, changing a mode or setting in the Mode
menu, or erasing data with the Reset menu.

19

Mathematical Calculations

2

Mathematical Calculations

Mathematical Functions
Mathematical functions are located:


On keys, such as, +-*/ etc.



On shifted, or secondary functions, such as, :p



In the Math menu :s

Number Entry and Display
Numbers are entered by pressing:


Numbered keys, 0-9



The decimal point .



The } key



The :w keys

To correct a number entry, press {. Each press of { erases the last digit or
symbol you entered.
Change how numbers are displayed on screen with the options in the Mode
menu. For more information on calculator display settings, see the section titled,

The Mode Menu: Setting Preferences.

20

Mathematical Calculations

To enter a number in the display, press the digits successively. A number can
have up to 12 digits.
To change the sign of a number from positive to negative, press }.
Use scientific notation to enter very large and very small numbers. For example,
to enter the number 12345.12123 in scientific notation, first enter the mantissa,

12345, then press :w and enter the number representing the exponent,
123. The exponent must have a value between -499 and +499.

Chain Mode
By default, calculations are performed in Chain mode. To change the calculating
mode, refer to the section titled, The Mode Menu: Setting Preferences.
Calculations in Chain mode are interpreted in the order in which they are entered.
For example, enter the following numbers and operations as written from left to
right: 1+2*3. See Figure 2-1. Note how if you press an
operator key, +-*/, after =, the calculation is continued using
the currently displayed value.

Figure 2-1 Calculation in Chain Mode
In Chain mode, if you wish to override the left to right order of entry, use
parentheses () to prioritize operations.

21

Mathematical Calculations

For example, to calculate 1+ (2 x 3), you may enter the problem as written from
left to right, with parentheses to prioritize the multiplication operation. See Table
2-1 below.
Table 2-1 Simple Arithmetic Calculations in Chain Mode

Keys

Display

Description

1+
(2*3)

Sets operational priority, inputs
numbers, and multiplies 2 and
3.

=

Adds 1 to 6 and returns 7.00
on the bottom line as the final
result.

Algebraic Mode
To set the calculator in Algebraic mode, refer to the section titled, The Mode

Menu: Setting Preferences.
In Algebraic mode, multiplication and division have a higher priority than addition
and subtraction. For example, in Algebraic mode, pressing 1+2*3
returns a result of 7.00. In Chain mode, the same key presses return a result of

9.00.
In Algebraic mode, operations have the following priority:

22

Mathematical Calculations



First priority: the power function (y x)



Second priority: combinations and permutations



Third priority: multiplication and division



Fourth priority: addition and subtraction

For example, key in 1+2 x 5 nPr 2 2 in Algebraic mode by pressing:

1+2*5:b2:m=. The result is 241.

Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) Mode
To set the calculator in RPN mode, refer to the section titled, The Mode Menu:

Setting Preferences.
In RPN mode, numbers are entered first, separated by pressing I, followed
by an operation key.
Note: pressing I is optional after entering a number if the next key pressed
is an operation.
Each time you press an operation or function key, the answer is calculated
immediately and displayed. For example, suppose you wanted to add two
numbers in RPN, 1 and 2. Press 1I2+. The result, 3.00, is
calculated and displayed immediately on the bottom line along with the (+) symbol
on the top line.

23

Mathematical Calculations

You do not need to enter parentheses to set the priority of your operations in
RPN. Key in numbers and operations inside the parentheses first, followed by
those outside of the parentheses. If a problem has more than one set of
parentheses, start by working with the operations and numbers in the innermost
parentheses and work out. For example, calculate: (3 + 4) x (5 + 6).
One way to calculate this problem is to key in the numbers and operations within
the parentheses first, followed by the operations outside of the parentheses. See
Table 2-2 below.
Table 2-2 Simple Arithmetic Calculations in RPN Mode
Keys

Display

Description
Inputs the numbers and the

3I4+

operation in the first set of
parentheses. Intermediate results
are displayed. Note the (+) and
(RPN) annunciators.

5I6+

Inputs the numbers and the
operation in the second set of
parentheses. Intermediate results
are displayed. Note the (+)
annunciator.

24

Mathematical Calculations

Table 2-2 Simple Arithmetic Calculations in RPN Mode
Keys

Display

Description

*

Continues the operation with the
displayed results.

=

Validates the final result of 77.
Note the absence of the (*)
annunciator.

One-Number Functions and the Math Menu
The key presses for the one-number mathematical functions listed in Table 2-3
below apply to all modes, Chain, Algebraic, and RPN. To execute one-number
functions:
1.

Key in a number, x , into the display.

2.

Press the key or key combination corresponding to the operation you
wish to execute. The results are displayed on the bottom line.

For example, to calculate

6 , press 6:n. A result of 2.45 is

calculated immediately and displays on the bottom line. The
on the top line.

25

symbol appears

Mathematical Calculations

Note: before doing any trigonometric calculations in the Math menu, check
whether the angle mode is set for degrees (Degrees) or radians (Radians).
You can change the setting if the active mode is not what your problem
requires. For more information on the Mode menu and calculator settings,
refer to the section titled, The Mode Menu: Setting Preferences.
Table 2-3 lists one-number functions along with their corresponding keys.
Table 2-3 Shifted Function Mathematical Operations
Keys

Description

:w

Keys in numbers with explicit powers of 10.

:p

Calculates sine.

:q

Calculates cosine.

:r

Calculates tangent.

:k

Natural log.

:l

e x. Calculates natural exponent to the power of x.

:m

X2. Returns square of x.

:n

Calculates square root.

26

Mathematical Calculations

Table 2-3 Shifted Function Mathematical Operations
Keys

Description

:f

Executes the Random function. Returns a random
number in the range 0 < x <1.

:g

Calculates factorial of x (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 253).

:h

y x. Returns y to the x power.

:i

Reciprocal.

:e

Rounds x internally to the number specified by the
display format. Default is two digits to the right of the
decimal point.

The Math :s Menu
There are additional one-number functions available in the Math menu. To open
the Math menu, press :s. See Figure 2-2 for the menu map of the Math
menu.

27

Mathematical Calculations

Figure 2-2 The Menu Map for the Math Menu

28

Mathematical Calculations

Press < to scroll through the menu items, starting with Trigonometry. The

Trigonometry, Hyperbolic, and Probability items have sub-menus. Press I
with an item displayed to access the functions within the sub menus.
Press O to cancel the Math menu and return to current work.
Press :s to return to the top of the Math menu.
Using the Math menu, calculate Sin -1 (0.5). See Table 2-4.
Table 2-4 Math Menu Example
Keys

Display

Description

.5I

Enters 0.5 and opens the Math

:s

menu starting with Trigonometry.

I<

Selects the Trigonometry menu item
and scrolls to ASIN. Note the value
for Sin -1 is calculated immediately
and displayed.

I or =

Validates the result.

Note: in the Math menu, PI does not perform calculations; it overrides the current
number by PI. You may start an operation, use the Math menu to execute a

29

Mathematical Calculations

function, and continue calculating with your original operation without losing your
work.

Two-Number Functions
Apart from +-*/, the three additional two-number functions
accessible on the keyboard are:


Yx



nCr



nPr

Y x is the power function; nCr stands for the number of combinations of elements,
r, among n, and nPr stands for the number of permutations of elements, r, among
n.
nCr=n!/(r!(n-r)!)
nPr=n!/(n-r)!
Perform calculations with these functions in the same way you would perform
calculations with +-/ and *, but press : to access the
secondary function key. For example, to calculate 15 3 :
1.

Press

15.

2.

Press

:h.
30

Mathematical Calculations

3.

Press

3=.

The results are shown Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3
In RPN mode, key in the numbers first, followed by

I, then press the

function key. For example, for the power function example above, in RPN press:

15I3:h.

Storing and Recalling Numbers
EURO has ten calculation memories available for use during calculations. These
memories are numbered from 0-9. To store numbers, press :$; to recall
them, press L. You can use the store and recall functions for these memories
any time a number is displayed, or when you wish to enter a number. To store a
number in a memory:
1.

Key in a number, x.

2.

Press :$.

3.

With STO displayed on the top line, key in a number, 0-9, to identify the
number of the memory register where you wish to store x.

31

Mathematical Calculations

4.

To recall a number, press L. With RCL displayed in the top line, key
in the number of the memory you used.

You can also perform operations to stored numbers. For example, press

5:$2 to store 5 in memory 2. To add 12 to the value of memory 2,
press 12:$+2. Later on, during a calculation, you can
press L2 to recall memory 2. Note how the new current value is 17, (5
+12). +-* and / are valid mathematical operations in the storage
memories.

Recalling Stored Numbers
In RPN, typing 12L+2= adds the value of memory 2 to 12,
but it will not modify the stored value of memory 2. You can also use

-*

and / after L.
In Algebraic and Chain modes, press 12+L2=.

Rounding Numbers
The 20b performs all calculations internally with 15-digit precision and rounds to
12 digits when returning the results.
When displayed, a number is rounded to the number of digits after the decimal
point set by the FIX= item in the Mode menu. The default setting is two digits to
the right of the decimal point. For more information, refer to the section titled, The

Mode Menu: Setting Preferences.

32

Mathematical Calculations

Note: the FIX= setting only affects the display; it does not affect the actual
numbers.

Simple Percentages
In Algebraic or Chain modes, pressing % divides a number by 100. For
example, pressing 25% returns 0.25.
To find a percentage of a given number, enter the number and multiply it by the
desired percentage, followed by = to return the result. For example, to find
25% of 200, press 200*25%= to return a result of

50.
To add or subtract a percentage of a number, enter the first number, followed by

+ or - the percentage, followed by %. Finish your calculation with
=, if desired. For example, to add 10% to 50, press
50+10%= to return a result of 55.
In RPN mode, the % key calculates x percent of the number on level two of the
stack, when x is the number on level one of the stack. It does not modify the
number on level two of the stack, allowing you to perform an addition or a
subtraction after pressing % to add or subtract x % from the number.
For example,

200I25% returns 50, but 200

is still on

level two of the stack, and pressing - returns 150, or 200-25%, with the (-)
annunciator displayed on the top line.

33

Statistical Operations

3

Statistical Operations

Figure 3-1 The Menu Map for the Data and Statistics Menus

34

Statistical Operations

Statistics operations require the use of two secondary function keys: :y
and :z. See Figure 3-1 for assistance with navigating through the menus.
Press

:y to open the Data menu.

In this menu, enter a list of x values for

one-variable statistics, a list of pairs, (x, w) for weighted, one-variable statistics, or
a list of paired values (x, y) for two-variable statistics. To enter data, key in a
number and press I.
Press :z to analyze the data. If you attempt to open the Statistics (Stats)
menu before entering data, you will be redirected to the Data menu. When
opened, the menu displays 2 Vars. Press I repeatedly to scroll through
the menu items, two-variable, (2 Vars ), one-variable, (1 Var ), and one-variable
weighted, (1 Weight ). Press < with an item displayed to open the first submenu. To return from the sub-menu to the menu above it, press >.
To reset the Stats and Data menus, press :x. At the prompt, Stats=,
confirm your choice by pressing I.
The first sub-menu contains the following items: Descriptions, Predictions (2 Vars
only) and Sums. Press > or < repeatedly to scroll through the items. With
an item displayed, press I to open its sub-menu. Press > or <
repeatedly to view the results.
Note: in one-variable and one-weight items, there are no items for y. For an
example using the Stats menu, see Tables 3-1 and 3-2. The example is shown
with RPN as the active operating mode.

35

Statistical Operations

Sales for the last five months are represented by the pairs of values shown
below, with the month number as x, and the sales values as y. Enter these
into the Data menu. Using the Stats menu for Predictions, predict sales for
month seven. What is the slope and y-intercept of the linear regression line?
What is the sum of all the y values?
Table 3-1 Months and Sales Numbers
Month

Sales Values

1

150

2

165

3

160

4

175

5

170

Table 3-2 Statistics Example
Keys

Display

Description

:y

Opens Data menu starting
with the current value for
X(1).

36

Statistical Operations

Table 3-2 Statistics Example
Keys

Display

Description

1I1
50I

Inputs current values for X(1)
and Y(1). Displays current
value for X(2).

2I1
65I

Inputs current values for X(2)
and Y(2). Displays current
value for X(3).

3I1
60I

Inputs current values for X(3)
and Y(3). Displays current
value for X(4).

4I1
75I

Inputs current values for X(4)
and Y(4). Displays current
value for X(5).

5I1
70I

Inputs current values for X(5)
and Y(5). Displays current
value for X(6).

:z

Opens Stats menu.

37

Statistical Operations

Table 3-2 Statistics Example
Keys

Display

Description

<

Opens Descriptive submenu.

I<<

Displays current value for y
average.

:z<<
I

Opens Predictions sub-menu

<

Scrolls to current value of

starting with Linear.

Prediction X.

7I

Inputs current value for
Prediction X (month).

<=

Calculates predicted Y value
(sales).

<

Displays current value for
slope.

<

Displays current value for yintercept.

38

Statistical Operations

Table 3-2 Statistics Example
Keys

Display

Description

<

Displays current value for
Correlation.

:z<<


Description
Scrolls to payments per year, P/YR.
Default value is 12.

365
I

Inputs 365 as the current value for the
number of compounding periods or
payments per year.

>=

Scrolls to the variable for the effective
rate, Eff%=. Returns the effective rate.
A 36.5% nominal rate compounded
daily equals an effective rate of
44.03%.

TVM Keys and Entering Values
For a list of keys used for TVM problems along with their descriptions, see Table
4-3.
To reset the TVM variables to their default values, with any TVM variable
displayed, press :x. With TVM displayed, press I. At the TVM

Reset prompt, press I or O.

42

Time Value of Money

To input current data, enter a number followed by the TVM key for the required
item. To calculate an unknown value, enter all known values and press the key of
the item you want solved. For a TVM example, see Table 4-4.
Table 4-3 TVM Keys
Keys

Description

N

Stores or calculates the number of payments or
compounding periods (N).

^

Multiplies a value by the number of payments per year and
stores as N.

Y

Stores or calculates the nominal annual interest rate as a
percentage.

V

Stores or calculates the present value (PV). To a lender or
borrower, PV is the amount of a loan; to an investor, PV is
the initial investment. PV always occurs at the beginning of
the first period.

M

Stores or calculates the dollar amount of each periodic
payment (PMT). Payments can occur at the beginning or
end of each compounding period.

[

Stores or calculates the number of payments or
compounding periods per year.

43

Time Value of Money

Table 4-3 TVM Keys
Keys

Description

F

Stores or calculates the future value (FV), a final cash flow.
FV always occurs at the end of the last compounding period.

?

Sets Begin mode (Beg). Payments occur at the beginning of
each compounding period.

]

Sets End mode (End). Payments occur at the end of each
compounding period.

You borrow $140,000.00 from a credit union for 30 years (360 months) at
6.5% annual interest, compounded monthly. What is your monthly payment
to the credit union? Note: at the end of the 30 years, you expect to have a
zero balance (FV=0 ). The example below in Table 4-4 is shown with RPN
as the active operating mode.
Table 4-4 TVM Example
Keys

12:[

Display

Description
Inputs 12 as the current value for the
number of payments, or compounding
periods.

44

Time Value of Money

Table 4-4 TVM Example
Keys

Display

Description

360
N

Inputs 360 as the current value for the

6.5
Y

Inputs 6.5 as the current value for the

1400
00V

Inputs the present value of the loan at

number of payments over 30 years.

interest rate percentage per year.

the time of the first payment. This
value is positive (+); it is money you
receive.

0F

Inputs the future value of the loan (or
remaining balance) as 0.

M

Returns the monthly payment. This
result is negative (-); it is money you
pay out.

Amortization
Refer to Figure 4-2 for a menu map of the Amortization menu. Table 4-5 lists the
keys and variables of the Amortization menu. To open the menu, press

45

A.

Time Value of Money

The Amortization menu calculations are based on values stored in the following
TVM keys: N,

Y, V, M and [.

To enter current data for the TVM keys, enter a number followed by the key for the
required item.
To reset the variables to their default values, from anywhere in the

A menu,

press :x. With TVM displayed, press I. At the TVM Reset
prompt, press I or O.
For an amortization example, see Table 4-6.

Figure 4-2 The Menu Map for the Amortization Menu
Table 4-5 Amortization Menu Items
Menu Item/Key

Description

A

Opens the Amortization (amrt) menu starting with

Nb Per=.

46

Time Value of Money

Table 4-5 Amortization Menu Items
Menu Item/Key

Description

Nb Per=

Number of periods to group together in the amortization
calculation. The default value is the number of
payments per year defined by the [ key.

Start=

Period on which to start amortization. Default is 1. If
you want to amortize for the 2nd year, enter 13 (the
second year starts at the 13th payment).

Balance=

The loan balance at the end of the assigned amortized
period.

Principle=

Amount of the loan payment applied to the principle at
the end of the amortized period.

Interest=

Amount of the loan payment applied to the interest at
the end of the amortized period.

Enter the values for the TVM keys from the example below. Press A followed
by > or < to view the amortization schedule.
You borrow $140,000.00 for 360 months at 10% interest from a credit union.
Create an amortization schedule for the loan. How much interest did you pay
for the first year? What is the balance of your loan after the first year? See

47

Time Value of Money

Table 4-6. The example below is shown with RPN as the active operating
mode.
Table 4-6 Amortization Example
Keys

Display

Description

12:

Inputs current value of payments per

[

year as 12.

30:

Inputs 360 (30 times 12 payments per

^

year) as the current value for the
number of payments for the 30-year
loan.

10Y

Inputs 10 as the current interest rate
percentage per year.

1400
00V

0F

Inputs the current present value of the
loan at the time of the first payment.
Inputs the current future value of the
loan as 0 (zero balance).

M

Returns the result for the monthly
payment.

48

Time Value of Money

Table 4-6 Amortization Example
Keys

A

Display

Description
Displays the current period of
amortization in months. Default is 12.

<

Displays the number of the starting
payment in first period to amortize.

<

Displays the current balance remaining
after the first year.

<

Displays the current amount of principle
applied towards the loan for the first
year.

<

Displays the amount of interest paid on
the loan for the first year. The amount
of your payments applied towards
interest for the first year is about
$14,000.00.

<

Displays the first payment in the next
period to amortize (the 2nd year).

49

Cash Flows

5

Cash Flows

Figure 5-1 Cash Flow Diagram
A cash flow list is a set of numbered pairs, CF(n) and #CF(n), where n is the
index of the cash flow list. Each pair represents a single cash flow.

CF(n) represents the monetary value of the cash flow; #CF(n) is the number of
consecutive occurrences of that cash flow. By default, #CF(n) is equal to 1, as
most cash flows occur only once. However, in cases where a cash flow is

50

Cash Flows

repeated multiple times in a list, using #CF(n) instead of entering the cash flow
value multiple times can save you time and memory space in the calculator.
To enter a cash flow list, press

C to open the cash flow menu.

For each cash flow item, enter the cash flow followed by

I; then enter the

number of occurrences followed by I.
If a cash flow occurs once, you do not need to type 1I; you can simply
press I, as 1 is the default.
To reset a cash flow list to its default values, with any cash flow displayed, press

:x.

The number of cash flows in the list, along with Cash Flow= , displays.

I. You will be asked to confirm your choice. Either
press I to confirm and O to return to the cash flow list, or press O
to cancel. Pressing O once again after you cancel the reset command also
At this prompt, press

returns you to the cash flow list.
Table 5-1 lists the keys used for cash flow problems. For a cash flow example,
see Table 5-2.
Table 5-1 Cash Flow Keys
Key

Description

C

Opens the cash flow list.

51

Cash Flows

Table 5-1 Cash Flow Keys
Key

Description

I

Inputs current values to variables in the cash flow list
as well as the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal
Rate of Return (IRR) menus.

><

Scrolls up and down.

o

Inserts cash flows into a cash flow list.

j

Removes cash flows from a cash flow list.

RP

Opens internal rate of return (IRR) and Net Present
Value (NPV) menus.

After an initial investment of $80,000.00, you expect returns over the next
five years as follows: cash flow 1, $5,000.00, cash flow 2, $4,500.00, cash
flow 3, $0.00, cash flow 4, $4,000.00, cash flow 5, $5,000.00, 5 times, cash
flow 6, $115,000.00.
Given this information, calculate the total of the cash flows and the internal rate of
return (IRR) of the investment. Calculate net present value (NPV) and net future
value (NFV), assuming an annual investment interest rate of 10.5%. See Figure
5-1 and Table 5-2. The example below is shown with RPN as the active operating
mode.

52

Cash Flows

Table 5-2 Cash Flow Example
Keys

Display

Description

C

Opens the cash flow list starting
with the current value of the
initial cash flow, CF(0).

8000
0}

Keys in -80000 as the value of
the initial cash flow. Note: the
sign of the cash outflow is
negative.

I

Inputs the current value
of -80000 for CF(0). Displays
the current value, 1, for the
frequency of CF(0).

I

Inputs the current value of 1 for
the frequency of CF(0). Displays
the current value of CF(1).

5000

Keys in 5000 as the value of
CF(1).

53

Cash Flows

Table 5-2 Cash Flow Example
Keys

Display

Description

I

Inputs the current value of CF(1)
as 5000. Displays the current
value,1, for the frequency of
CF(1).

I

Inputs the current value of 1 for
the frequency of CF(1). Displays
current value of CF(2).

4500

Keys in 4500 as the current
value of CF(2).

I

Inputs the current value of CF(2)
as 4500. Displays the current
value, 1, for the frequency of
CF(2).

I

Inputs the current value of 1 for
frequency of CF(2). Displays the
current value of CF(3).

54

Cash Flows

Table 5-2 Cash Flow Example
Keys

Display

Description

I

Inputs the current value of CF(3)
as 0. Displays the current value,

1, for the frequency of CF(3).

I

Inputs the current value of 1 for
the frequency of CF(3). Displays
the current value of CF(4).

4000

Keys in 4000 as the current
value of CF(4).

I

Inputs the current value of CF(4)
as 4000. Displays the current
value, 1, for the frequency of
CF(4).

I

Inputs the current value of 1 for
the frequency of CF(4). Displays
the current value of CF(5).

5000

Keys in 5000 as the current
value of CF(5).

55

Cash Flows

Table 5-2 Cash Flow Example
Keys

Display

Description

I

Assigns the current value of
CF(5) as 5000. Displays the
current value, 1, for the
frequency of CF(5).

5

Keys in 5 as the current value
for the frequency of CF(5).

I

Inputs the current value of 5 for
the frequency of CF(5). Displays
the current value of CF(6).

11500
0

Keys in 115000 as the current

I

Inputs the current value of CF(6)

value of CF(6).

as 115000. Displays the current
value, 1, for the frequency of
CF(6).

I

Inputs the current value of 1 for
frequency of CF(6). Ends list.

56

Cash Flows

Analyzing Cash Flows
The various functions used to analyze cash flows are located in the NPV

P and

IRR R menus.
If you press R or P before entering cash flows, you will be redirected to the
cash flow menu to enter values into the cash flow list.
The menu maps for the IRR and NPV menus are shown in Figure 5-2. Table 5-3
describes the items within these menus.

57

Cash Flows

Figure 5-2 The Menu Map for the NPV and IRR Menus

58

Cash Flows

Table 5-3 NPV and IRR Menu Items
Item

Description

Inv. I%=

Investment or discount rate. Enter the investment rate
or discount rate for the cash flow followed by I.

Net PV=

Net present value. Returns the value of the cash flows
at the time of the initial cash flow, discounting the future
cash flows by the value set for Inv. I%.

Net FV=

Net future value. Returns the value of the cash flows at
the time of the last cash flow, discounting the earlier
cash flows by the value set for Inv. I%.

Net US=

Net uniform series. The per-period payment of a
regular, periodic cash flow of equivalent present value
to the cash flow list.

Payback=

Payback. The number of periods for the investment to
return value.

Discounted Payback=

Discounted Payback. The number of periods required
for the investment to return value if the cash flows are
discounted using the value set in Inv. I%.

59

Cash Flows

Table 5-3 NPV and IRR Menu Items
Item

Description

Total=

The sum of all the cash flows, equivalent to NPV if Inv.
I% is 0.

RIRR%=

Internal rate of return. This is the discount rate for the
cash flow that returns a Net Present Value of 0.

See Table 5-4 for an example of the NPV and IRR functions using the cash flow
example in Table 5-2. Press P and R to open the menus. At Inv. I%, key in
a number followed by I. Scroll through the menus by pressing > or

< repeatedly.

The example below is shown with RPN as the active operating

mode.
Table 5-4 NPV and IRR Example
Keys

P

Display

Description
Opens NPV menu starting with current
value of Inv. I%.

10.
5I

Inputs 10.5 as current Inv. I%.

<

Scrolls to current value for NPV.

60

Cash Flows

Table 5-4 NPV and IRR Example
Keys

Display

<
<
<
<<

Description
Scrolls to current value for NFV.
Scrolls to current value for Net US.
Scrolls to current value for Payback.
Scrolls to current value of cash flow
total.

R

Returns current value for IRR.

Editing Cash Flows
In the cash flow list, you can view and modify the current values of a specific cash
flow, or cash flows. Press > or < repeatedly to scroll through the list. To
modify an entry, type a new number and press I with a cash flow displayed.
For example, to change the current value of CF(7) in the example in Table 5-2
from 0 to 200, with CF(7)= displayed, press 200 and press I.
You can also modify the frequency of a cash flow in the same manner with the
frequency, #CF(n) =, displayed. Pressing :j with a cash flow displayed
erases the displayed cash flow. Pressing :o inserts a cash flow into the
list before the displayed cash flow.

61

Business Problems

6

Business Problems

Figure 6-1 The Menu Map for the Percent Calculation (%calc) Menu
Press :# to open the menu. There are four items in this menu: markup as
a percentage of cost (Mkup. %C ), markup as a percentage of price (Mkup. %P ),
percent change (%Change ), and part as a percentage of total (Part%Tot. ).
These items allow you to access sub-menus. Press

62

> or < repeatedly to

Business Problems

scroll to the item you require. Press I with a menu item displayed to
access its-sub menu. To enter data in the sub-menus, select the appropriate
menu item, key in the number, and press I. Press > or < to select
the menu item you need solved and press = to calculate it.
To return to the menu items from within a sub-menu, press

O.

Note: for business problems using 20b, margin is based on price; markup is based
on cost.
To reset the menu items to their default values, from anywhere in the %calc menu
press :x. With TVM displayed, press > or < to scroll until %Calc
displays and press I. Press O to exit the menu. See Tables 6-1
through 6-3 for examples of calculations in the %calc menu. The examples below
are shown with RPN as the active operating mode.
1.

Find the markup on an item if the cost price is $15.00 and the
selling price is $22.00. See Table 6-1.

Table 6-1 Markup Example
Keys

Display

Description

:#

Opens the %calc menu starting
with Mkup.%C.

I

Displays the current value of

Cost=.

63

Business Problems

Table 6-1 Markup Example
Keys

Display

Description

15I

Inputs 15 as the current value for
cost.

<

Scrolls to Price= and displays the
current value.

22I

Inputs 22 as the current value for
price.

<

Scrolls to Mkup.%C variable. Note
the (=) symbol. Displays the
current value of markup.

=

Returns result of 46.67 for markup.

2.

Find the percent change between 20 and 35 with no
compounding.

64

Business Problems

Table 6-2 Percent Change Example
Keys

Display

Description

:#

Opens the %calc menu starting
with Mkup.%C.

<<<

Scrolls to %Change.

I

Displays the current value for Old=.

20I

Inputs 20 as the current value for

Old=.

<

Displays the current value for

New=.

35I

Inputs 35 as the current value for

New=.

<

Displays the current value for

%Change=. Note: the (=) symbol.

=

Calculates the current value for

%Change=.

65

Business Problems

3.

What is 30% of 80?

Table 6-3 Part % of Total Example
Keys

Display

Description

:#

Opens the %calc menu starting
with Mkup.%C.

<<

Scrolls to the Part %Tot. menu
item.

I

Displays the current value for

Total=.

80I

Inputs 80 as the current value for

Total=.

<

Scrolls to the current value of

Part=.

30I

Inputs 30 as the current value for

Part=.

<

Scrolls to the current value for Part

% Tot.=. Note the (=) symbol.

66

Business Problems

Table 6-3 Part % of Total Example
Keys

Display

Description

=

Calculates the current value of Part

% Tot.=. 30 is 37.50% of 80.

67

Bonds

7

Bonds

Figure 7-1 The Menu Map for the Bond Menu
Before you enter the Bond menu, be sure to check that the date format is set in
the format required for your problem. The default setting is mm.dd yyyy, but it
can be set for dd.mm yyyy. Bond day counts (360/365) and annual or semiannual
coupon payment schedules may be set from either the Mode menu or the Bond
menu. For more information on setting the preferences in the Mode Menu, see
the section titled, The Mode Menu: Setting Preferences.
To open the Bond menu, press B.

68

Bonds

Press > or < repeatedly to scroll through the items shown in Figure 7-1.

I.
Press > or < repeatedly to scroll to an unknown item, and press = to
To input current data, with an item displayed, key in a number and press
calculate it.
To reset the values to their default values, from anywhere in the Bond menu,
press :x. With Bond displayed, press I to reset the menu or O
to cancel. Press O again to exit the menu.
Table 7-1 lists the items in the Bond menu. For an example of calculating price
and yield in the Bond menu, see Table 7-2.
Table 7-1 Bond Menu
Variable

Description

Settlement Date=

Settlement date. Displays the current settlement
date in either mm.ddyyyy or dd.mmyyyy format.
Note: input only.

Maturity Date=

Maturity date or call date. The call date must
coincide with a coupon date. Displays the current
maturity date in either mm.ddyyyy or dd.mmyyyy
format. Note: Input only.

CPN%=

Coupon rate stored as an annual %. Note: Input
only.

69

Bonds

Table 7-1 Bond Menu
Variable

Description

Call=

Call value. Default is set for a call price per
$100.00 face value. A bond at maturity has a call
value of 100% of its face value. Note: Input only.

Yield%=

Yield% to maturity or yield% to call date for given
price. Note: Input/Output.

Price=

Price per $100.00 face value for a given yield.
Note: Input/Output.

Accrued=

Interest accrued from the last coupon or payment
date until the settlement date for a given yield.
Note: Input/Output.

Actual/Cal.360

Actual (365-day calendar) or Cal.360 (30-day
month/360-day year calendar).

Annual/Semiannual

Bond coupon (payment) frequency.

What price should you pay on April 28, 2010 for a 6.75% U.S. Treasury bond
maturing on June 4, 2020, if you want a yield of 4.75%? Assume the bond is
calculated on a semiannual coupon payment on an actual/actual basis. See

70

Bonds

Table 7-2. The example below is shown with RPN as the active operating
mode.
Table 7-2 Bond Calculation Example
Key

Display

Description

B

Opens the Bond menu starting with
the current settlement date.

>

Scrolls to bond coupon (payment)
frequency.

I

Selects semiannual coupon
payment, as required by the
example.

<

Inputs semiannual coupon
payment and returns to the current
settlement date.

4.28
2010
I

Inputs the current settlement date
in mm.ddyyyy format. Note: 3 in
the display represents the day of
the week.

71

Bonds

Table 7-2 Bond Calculation Example
Key

Display

Description

<

Displays the current maturity date
in mm.ddyyy format.

6.04
2020
I

Inputs the current maturity date.

<

Displays the current value for

Note: 4 in the display represents
the day of the week.

CPN%=.

6.75
I

Inputs 6.75 as current value for

<

Displays current call value. Default

CPN%=.

is 100. Note: if Call= requires
another value, key in the number
followed by I.

<

Displays the current value of

Yield%=.

4.75
I

Inputs 4.75 as the current value for

Yield%=.

72

Bonds

Table 7-2 Bond Calculation Example
Key

Display

Description

<

Displays the current value for

Price=.

=

Calculates the current value for

Price=.

:$1

Stores 115.89 in memory 1.

<

Displays the current value for
accrued interest.

:$2

Stores 2.69 in memory 2.

OL1+
L2=

Returns the result for total price
(value of price + value of accrued
interest). The net price you should
pay for the bond is $118.58.

73

Depreciation

8

Depreciation

Figure 8-1 The Menu Map for the Depreciation Menu
Press :\ to open the Depreciation menu. Press I to cycle through
the depreciation methods. With a depreciation method displayed, press > or

< repeatedly to view the items of the sub-menu.
a number and press I.

To enter current data, key in

To reset the Depreciation menu, press :x. With Depreciation displayed,
press I to reset the menu or O to cancel. Press O again to exit the
menu.

74

Depreciation

Brief descriptions of the methods used to calculate depreciation are provided in
Table 8-1. Table 8-2 describes the items found in the depreciation sub-menus.
For an example calculating depreciation using the straight-line method, see Table
8-3.
Table 8-1 Depreciation Methods
Depreciation
Method
Sline

Description

Straight line is a method of calculating depreciation
presuming an asset loses a certain percentage of its value
annually at an amount evenly distributed throughout its
useful life.

SOYD

Sum-of-the-years' digits is an accelerated depreciation
method based on the idea that the years of an asset's
useful life are divided by the sum of the years counting
backwards. For example, a five year useful life would be
shown as 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1= 15. Press 4 / 15, then
press = to return a 27% depreciation for the first year.
In RPN, press 4 I 15 /.

75

Depreciation

Table 8-1 Depreciation Methods
Depreciation
Method
DecBal

Description

Declining balance is an accelerated depreciation method
that presumes an asset will lose the majority of its value
during the first few years of its useful life.

DBXover

Declining balance crossover is an accelerated
depreciation method that presumes an asset will lose the
majority of its value in the first few years of its useful life,
but that it will revert to a consistent depreciation during the
latter part of its life, which is then calculated using the
straight line method.

ACRS

Accelerated Cost Recovery System calculates the amount
of tax deduction under U.S. Accelerated Cost Recovery
System.

Sl Fr

Straight line French. This method of depreciation is similar
to the Straight line method, except an actual calendar date
in mm.dd format is entered in for Start= to indicate when
the asset was first placed into service.

76

Depreciation

Table 8-2 Depreciation Menu Items
Item

Description

Life=

The expected useful life of the asset in whole years.

Start=

Start refers to the date or month in which the asset
is first placed into service. Depending on the type
of depreciation, this can be the month, or the actual
date in mm.dd format.

Cost=

The depreciable cost of the asset at acquisition.

Salvage=

The salvage value of the asset at the end of its
useful life.

Year=

Assigns the value of the year for which you want the
depreciation.

Depreciation=

Depreciation calculation used for straight line,
SOYD, and declining balance methods only.

R.Book Value=

Remaining book value.

R.Depreciable Value=

Remaining depreciable value.

77

Depreciation

Table 8-2 Depreciation Menu Items
Item

Description

Factor=

The declining balance factor as a percentage. This
is used for declining balance and declining balance
crossover methods only.

A metalworking machine, purchased for $10,000.00, is to be depreciated
over five years. Its salvage value is estimated at $500.00. Using the
straight-line method, find the depreciation and remaining depreciable value
for each of the first two years of the machine's life. See Table 8-3.
Table 8-3 Straight Line Depreciation Example
Key

Display

Description

:\

Opens the Depreciation menu
starting with the straight line
method.

<

Displays the current value of the
useful life. 1 is the default value.

5I

Inputs 5 as the current value for
the useful life.

78

Depreciation

Table 8-3 Straight Line Depreciation Example
Key

Display

Description

<

Displays the current value of

Start=. 1 is the default value.

<

Displays the current value for

Cost=.

1000
0I

Inputs the current value for cost as

<

Displays the current value for

10,000.00.

Salvage=.

500I

Inputs the current value for salvage
as 500.00.

<

Displays the current year of the
depreciation. 1 is the default value.

<

Displays the current depreciation
amount after year 1.

<

Displays the current remaining
book value after year 1.

79

Depreciation

Table 8-3 Straight Line Depreciation Example
Key

Display

Description

<

Displays the current remaining
depreciable value after year 1.

<

Displays the current year of the
depreciation.

<

Displays the current depreciation
amount after year 2.

<

Displays the current remaining
book value after year 2.

<

Displays the remaining depreciable
value after year 2.

80

Break-even

9

Break-even

Figure 9-1 The Menu Map for the Break-even Menu
Press :! to open the Break-even menu. Starting with Fixed=, input known
data by entering a number and pressing I. Scroll to the unknown variable
by pressing > or < repeatedly. Press = to calculate it.
To reset the Break-even menu, from anywhere in the menu press :x. With

BrkEven displayed, press I to reset the menu or O to cancel. Press

O again to exit the menu.
The sale price of an item is $300.00, the variable cost price is $250.00, and
the fixed costs are $150,000.00. How many units would have to be sold to
break even (profit = 0%)? This example is shown in Table 9-1 with RPN as
the active operating mode.

81

Break-even

Table 9-1 Break-even Example
Keys

Display

Description

:!

Opens the Break-even menu
starting with the current value for
fixed costs.

1500
00I

Inputs the current value for fixed

<

Displays the current vale for Cost=.

250I

Inputs the current value for cost as

costs as 150,000.00.

250.00.

<

Displays the current value for

Price=.

300I

Inputs the current value for price as

300.00.

<

Displays the current value for

Profit=.

I

Inputs the current value for profit as

0.

82

Break-even

Table 9-1 Break-even Example
Keys

Display

Description

<

Displays the current value for

Quantity=.

=

Calculates the current value for the
unknown item. 3000 units would
have to be sold to return a 0%
profit.

83

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

10

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact Information

Replacing the Batteries
Use only fresh batteries. Do not use rechargeable batteries. EURO takes two, 3volt CR2032 lithium batteries. To install a new battery:
1.

With the calculator turned off, slide the back cover off.

2.

Remove the old batteries.

3.

Insert new batteries, with the positive polarity symbol facing outward.

4.

Replace the back cover.

Warning! There is danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced.
Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the
manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer's
instructions. Do not mutilate, puncture, or dispose of batteries in fire. The
batteries can burst or explode, releasing hazardous chemicals.

HP Limited Hardware Warranty and Customer Care
This HP Limited Warranty gives you, the end-user customer, express limited
warranty rights from HP, the manufacturer. Please refer to HP’s Web site for an
extensive description of your limited warranty entitlements. In addition, you may
also have other legal rights under applicable local law or special written
agreement with HP.
Limited Hardware Warranty Period
Duration: 12 months total (may vary by region, please visit www.hp.com/support
for latest information)
General Terms

84

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information
HP warrants to you, the end-user customer, that HP hardware, accessories and
supplies will be free from defects in materials and workmanship after the date of
purchase, for the period specified above. If HP receives notice of such defects
during the warranty period, HP will, at its option, either repair or replace products
which prove to be defective. Replacement products may be either new or likenew.
HP warrants to you that HP software will not fail to execute its programming
instructions after the date of purchase, for the period specified above, due to
defects in material and workmanship when properly installed and used. If HP
receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, HP will replace
software media which does not execute its programming instructions due to such
defects.
HP does not warrant that the operation of HP products will be uninterrupted or
error free. If HP is unable, within a reasonable time, to repair or replace any
product to a condition as warranted, you will be entitled to a refund of the
purchase price upon prompt return of the product with proof of purchase.
HP products may contain remanufactured parts equivalent to new in performance
or may have been subject to incidental use.
Warranty does not apply to defects resulting from (a) improper or inadequate
maintenance or calibration, (b) software, interfacing, parts or supplies not supplied
by HP, (c) unauthorized modification or misuse, (d) operation outside of the
published environmental specifications for the product, or (e) improper site
preparation or maintenance.
HP MAKES NO OTHER EXPRESS WARRANTY OR CONDITION WHETHER
WRITTEN OR ORAL. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF MERCHANTABILITY,
SATISFACTORY QUALITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS
LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THE EXPRESS WARRANTY SET FORTH
ABOVE. Some countries, states or provinces do not allow limitations on the
duration of an implied warranty, so the above limitation or exclusion might not
apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you might also have
other rights that vary from country to country, state to state, or province to
province.

85

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information
TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE REMEDIES IN THIS
WARRANTY STATEMENT ARE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
EXCEPT AS INDICATED ABOVE, IN NO EVENT WILL HP OR ITS SUPPLIERS
BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF DATA OR FOR DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING LOST PROFIT OR DATA), OR OTHER
DAMAGE, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE. Some
countries, States or provinces do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental
or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to
you.
The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express
warranty statements accompanying such products and services. HP shall not be
liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.
FOR CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND: THE
WARRANTY TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS STATEMENT, EXCEPT TO THE
EXTENT LAWFULLY PERMITTED, DO NOT EXCLUDE, RESTRICT OR
MODIFY AND ARE IN ADDITION TO THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS
APPLICABLE TO THE SALE OF THIS PRODUCT TO YOU.

Customer Care
In addition to the one year hardware warranty your HP calculator also comes with
one year of technical support. If you need assistance, HP customer care can be
reached by either email or telephone. Before calling please locate the call center
nearest you from the list below. Have your proof of purchase and calculator serial
number ready when you call.
Telephone numbers are subject to change, and local and national telephone rates
may apply. A complete list is available on the web at: www.hp.com/support.

86

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

Regulatory Information
Federal Communications Commission Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio or television technician for
help.

Modifications

The FCC requires the user to be notified that any changes or modifications made to
this device that are not expressly approved by Hewlett-Packard Company may void
the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

87

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

Declaration of Conformity for
Products Marked with FCC Logo,
United States Only

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.
If you have questions about the product that are not related to this declaration, write
to
Hewlett-Packard Company
P. O. Box 692000, Mail Stop 530113
Houston, TX 77269-2000
For questions regarding this FCC declaration, write to
Hewlett-Packard Company
P. O. Box 692000, Mail Stop 510101
Houston, TX 77269-2000
or call HP at 281-514-3333
To identify your product, refer to the part, series, or model number located on the
product.

Canadian Notice

This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian InterferenceCausing Equipment Regulations.

Avis Canadien

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement
sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.

88

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

European Union Regulatory Notice

This product complies with the following EU Directives:

• Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC
• EMC Directive 2004/108/EC
Compliance with these directives implies conformity to applicable harmonized
European standards (European Norms) which are listed on the EU Declaration of
Conformity issued by Hewlett-Packard for this product or product family.
This compliance is indicated by the following conformity marking placed on the
product:

xxxx*
This marking is valid for non-Telecom products
and EU harmonized Telecom products (e.g.
Bluetooth).

This marking is valid for EU non-harmonized
Telecom products .
*Notified body number (used only if
applicable - refer to the product label)

Hewlett-Packard GmbH, HQ-TRE, Herrenberger Srasse 140, 71034 Boeblingen,
Germany

89

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

Japanese Notice

Disposal of Waste Equipment by Users in
Private Household in the European Union
This symbol on the product or on its packaging
indicates that this product must not be disposed of
with your other household waste. Instead, it is your
responsibility to dispose of your waste equipment by
handing it over to a designated collection point for
the recycling of waste electrical and electronic
equipment. The separate collection and recycling of your waste equipment at the
time of disposal will help to conserve natural resources and ensure that it is
recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment. For more
information about where you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling,
please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the
shop where you purchased the product.

Perchlorate Material - special handling may apply
This calculator's Memory Backup battery may contain perchlorate and
may require special handling when recycled or disposed in California.

90

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

Table 10-1 Contact Information
Country/Region

Contact

Africa (English)

www.hp.com/support

Africa (French)

www.hp.com/support

Argentina

0-800-555-5000

Australia

1300-551-664

Austria

01 360 277 1203

Belgium (French)

02 620 00 85

Belgium (English)

02 620 00 86

Bolivia

800-100-193

Brasil

0-800-709-7751

Canada

800-HP-INVENT

Caribbean

1-800-711-2884

Chile

800-360-999

China

010-68002397

91

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

Table 10-1 Contact Information
Country/Region

Contact

Colombia

01-8000-51-4746-8368

Costa Rica

0-800-011-0524

Czech Republic

296 335 612

Denmark

82 33 28 44

Ecuador

800-711-2884

El Salvador

800-6160

Finland

09 8171 0281

France

01 4993 9006

Germany

069 9530 7103

Greece

210 969 6421

Guatemala

1-800-999-5105

Honduras

800-711-2884

Hong Kong

852 2833-1111

Hungary

www.hp.com/support

92

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

Table 10-1 Contact Information
Country/Region

Contact

India

www.hp.com/support/india

Indonesia

+65 6100 6682

Ireland

01 605 0356

Italy

02 754 19 782

Japan

81-3-6666-9925

Korea

www.hp.com/support/korea

Malaysia

+65 6100 6682

Mexico

01-800-474-68368

Middle East International

www.hp.com/support

Netherlands

020 654 5301

New Zealand

0800-551-664

Nicaragua

1-800-711-2884

Norway

23500027

Panama

001-800-711-2884

93

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

Table 10-1 Contact Information
Country/Region

Contact

Paraguay

(009) 800-541-0006

Peru

0-800-10111

Philippines

+65 6100 6682

Poland

www.hp.com/support

Portugal

021 318 0093

Puerto Rico

1-877 232 0589

Russia

495 228 3050

Singapore

6100 6682

South Africa

0800980410

South Korea

2-561-2700

Spain

913753382

Sweden

08 5199 2065

Switzerland (French)

022 827 8780

Switzerland (German)

01 439 5358

94

Warranty, Regulatory, and Contact
Information

Table 10-1 Contact Information
Country/Region

Contact

Switzerland (Italian)

022 567 5308

Taiwan

+852 2805-2563

Thailand

+65 6100 6682

Turkey

www.hp.com/support

United Kingdom

0207 458 0161

Uruguay

0004-054-177

United States

800-HP INVENT

Venezuela

0-800-474-68368

Vietnam

+65 6100 6682

95



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