Hp C Ac For Pa Risc Software Users Guide AC++/HP A.06.28 Programmer's Guide; March 2014 (AR1403)

2015-03-28

• HP aC++/HP C A.06.28 Programmer's Guide
• Contents
• HP secure development lifecycle
• About This Document
  • Intended Audience
  • What’s in This Document
    • Typographical Conventions
    • HP-UX Release Name and Release Identifier
  • Publishing History
  • Related Documents
  • HP Encourages Your Comments
• 1 Getting Started with HP aC++
  • Components of the Compilation System
    • Using the aCC Command
    • Compiling a Simple Program
    • Executing the Program
    • Debugging Programs
      • HP Code Advisor
      • HP WDB Debugger
      • Accessing Online Example Source Files
  • Compiler Command Syntax and Environmental Variables
    • Examples of the aCC Command
      • Compiling and Renaming an Output File
      • Compiling and Debugging
      • Compiling Without Linking
      • Linking Object Files
      • Compiling, Optimizing, and Getting Verbose Information
      • Compiling and Creating a Shared Library
  • Files on the aCC Command Line
    • C++ Source File (.C file)
    • Preprocessed Source Files (.i Files)
    • Assembly Language Source Files (.s Files)
    • Object Files (.o Files)
    • Library Files (.a and .so Files)
    • Configuration Files (.conf Files)
  • Environment Variables
    • aCC_FULL_PATHNAMES Environment Variable
    • aCC_MAXERR Environment Variable
    • CXXOPTS Environment Variable
    • CCLIBDIR Environment Variable
    • CCROOTDIR Environment Variable
    • CXX_MAP_FILE Environment Variable
    • TMPDIR Environment Variable
  • Floating Installation
    • HP aC++
    • HP C
    • Setting up Floating Installation
• 2 Command-Line Options
  • Options to Control Code Generation
    • -c
    • +DOosname
    • +DDdata_model
    • +DSmodel
      • Using +DS to Specify Instruction Scheduling
      • Compiling in Networked Environments
    • -S
  • Data Alignment and Storage
    • -fshort-enums
    • +unum
  • Debugging Options
    • +d
    • +expand_types_in_diag
    • -g
    • -g0
    • -g1
    • Differences Between -g, -g0, and -g1 Options
    • When to use -g, -g0, and -g1
    • -g, -g1 Algorithm
    • +macro_debug
    • +[no]objdebug
    • +pathtrace
  • Error Handling
    • +p
    • -w
    • +w
    • +wn
    • +Wargs
    • +Wcontext_limit
    • +We
    • +Weargs
    • +Wv
    • +Wwargs
    • +wlint
    • +Wmacro
    • +wperfadvice
    • +wsecurity
  • Exception Handling
    • +noeh
  • Extensions to the Language
    • -ext
    • +e
  • Floating-Point Processing Options
    • +O[no]cxlimitedrange
    • +O[no]fenvaccess
    • -fpeval
    • -fpevaldec
    • -[no]fpwidetypes
    • +decfp
    • +FP
    • +FPmode
    • +O[no]libmerrno
    • +Oprefetch_latency
    • +O[no]preserved_fpregs
    • +O[no]rotating_fpregs
    • +O[no]sumreduction
  • Header File Options
    • -H
    • +hdr_create
    • +hdr_use
    • -I directory
    • -I-
  • Online Help Option
    • +help
  • Inlining Options
    • +inline_level num
  • Library Options
    • -b
    • -dynamic
    • -exec
    • -lname
    • -L directory
    • -minshared
    • +nostl
    • +Onolibcalls=
  • Linker Options
    • -e epsym
    • -n
    • -N
    • +O[no]dynopt
    • -q
    • -Q
    • -r
    • -s
    • -usymbol
    • +ild
    • +ildrelink
  • Options for Naming the Output File
    • -o
    • -.suffix
  • Native Language Support Option
    • -Y
  • Handling Null Pointers Options
    • -z
    • -Z
  • Code Optimizing Options
    • Basic Optimization Level Options
      • -O
      • +O0
      • +O1
      • +O2
      • +O3
      • +O4
        • Object Files Generated at Optimization Level 4
    • Additional Optimization Options for Finer Control
      • -ipo
        • Object Files Generated with -ipo
      • +[no]nrv
      • +O[no]failsafe
      • +O[no]aggressive
      • +O[no]limit
      • +O[no]ptrs_to_globals[=list]
      • +O[no]size
    • Advanced +Ooptimization Options
      • +O[no]cross_region_addressing
      • +O[no]datalayout
      • +O[no]dataprefetch
      • +O[no]fltacc
      • +Ofrequently_called
      • +O[no]initcheck
      • +O[no]inline
      • +Olit
      • +Ointeger_overflow
      • +Olevel
      • +O[no]loop_transform
      • +O[no]loop_unroll
      • +O[no]openmp
      • +opts
      • +O[no]parminit
      • +O[no]parmsoverlap
      • +O[no]procelim
      • +O[no]promote_indirect_calls
      • +Orarely_called
      • +O[no]signedpointers
      • +Oshortdata
      • +O[no]store_ordering
      • +Otype_safety
      • +Ounroll_factor
    • Profile-Based Optimization Options
      • +Oprofile
    • Information Embedding Options
      • -annotate=structs
    • Displaying Optimization Information
      • +O[no]info
  • Parallel Processing Options
    • -mt
    • +O[no]autopar
    • +tls=[static|dynamic]
    • +wlock
  • Performance Options
    • -fast
    • +Ofast
    • +Ofaster
    • +O[no]tls_calls_change_tp
    • +[no]srcpos
    • +DSmodel
  • Porting Options
    • -fast
    • +sb
    • +ub
    • +uc
    • +w64bit
    • +wdriver
    • +wendian
  • Preprocessor Options
    • -C
    • -dM
    • -Dname
    • -E
      • Redirecting Output From This Option
    • make[d]
    • +Make[d]
    • -P
    • -Uname
  • Profiling Code Options
    • -G
    • -p
    • +profilebucketsize
  • Runtime Checking Options
    • +check
    • +check=all
    • +check=none
    • +check=bounds
    • +check=globals
    • +check=lock
    • +check=malloc
    • +check=stack[:frame|:variables|:none]
    • +check=thread
    • +check=truncate[:explicit|:implicit]
    • +check=uninit
  • Standards Related Options
    • -Aa
    • -AA
    • -Aarm
    • -AC89
    • -AC99
    • -Ae
    • -Ag++
    • -Agcc
    • -AOa and -AOe
    • -AP
    • -Ax
    • +legacy_cpp
    • +legacy_v5
    • +std=c89|c99|c++98|c++11|gcc|g++|gnu
    • +stl=rw|none
    • +tru64
    • -Wc,-ansi_for_scope,[on|off]
    • -Wc,-koenig_lookup,[on|off]
  • Subprocesses of the Compiler
    • -tx,name
      • More Examples of -t
    • -Wx,args
      • Passing Options to the Linker with -W
      • Passing Multiple Options to the Linker with -W
  • Symbol Binding Options
    • -Bdefault
    • -Bextern
    • -Bhidden
    • -Bhidden_def
    • -Bprotected
    • -Bprotected_data
    • -Bprotected_def
    • -Bsymbolic
  • Template Options
    • +[no]dep_name
    • +inst_compiletime
    • +inst_directed
    • +inst_implicit_include
    • +inst_include_suffixes
  • Trigraph Processing Suppression Option
    • -notrigraph
  • Verbose Compile and Link Information
    • -dumpversion
    • +dryrun
    • +O[no]info
    • +wsecurity
    • +time
    • -v
    • -V
  • Concatenating Options
• 3 Pragma Directives and Attributes
  • Initialization and Termination Pragmas
    • INIT
    • FINI
  • Copyright Notice and Identification Pragmas
    • COPYRIGHT
    • COPYRIGHT_DATE
    • LOCALITY
    • LOCALITY_ALL
    • VERSIONID
  • Data Alignment Pragmas
    • ALIGN
    • PACK
      • Basic Example
      • Template Example
      • Handling Unaligned Data
      • Implicit Access to Unaligned Data
    • UNALIGN
  • Optimization Pragmas
    • OPT_LEVEL Pragma
    • OPTIMIZE Pragma
    • FLOAT_TRAPS_ON Pragma
    • [NO]INLINE Pragma
    • NO_INLINE Pragma
    • IVDEP Pragma
    • NODEPCHK Pragma
    • NO_RETURN Pragma
  • Diagnostic Pragmas
    • diag_xxx Pragmas
  • Other Pragmas
    • assert Pragma
    • BINDING Pragma
    • DEFAULT_BINDING Pragma
    • ESTIMATED_FREQUENCY Pragma
    • EXTERN Pragma
    • FREQUENTLY_CALLED Pragma
    • HDR_STOP Pragma
    • HIDDEN Pragma
    • HP_DEFINED_EXTERNAL Pragma
    • HP_DEFINED_INTERNAL Pragma
    • IF_CONVERT Pragma
    • POP Pragma
    • Pragma (once)
    • PROTECTED Pragma
    • PTRS_STRONGLY_TYPED Pragma
    • PTRS_TO_GLOBALS Pragma
    • PUSH Pragma
    • RARELY_CALLED Pragma
    • STDC CX_LIMITED_RANGE Pragma
    • STDC FLOAT_CONST_DECIMAL64 Pragma
    • STDC FP_CONTRACT Pragma
    • STDC FENV_ACCESS Pragma
    • UNROLL_FACTOR Pragma
    • OMP ATOMIC Pragma
    • OMP BARRIER Pragma
    • OMP CRITICAL Pragma
    • OMP FOR Pragma
    • OMP FLUSH Pragma
    • OMP MASTER Pragma
    • OMP ORDERED Pragma
    • OMP PARALLEL Pragma
    • OMP PARALLEL FOR Pragma
    • OMP PARALLEL SECTIONS Pragma
    • OMP SECTIONS Pragma
    • OMP SINGLE Pragma
    • OMP TASK Pragma
    • OMP TASKWAIT Pragma
    • OMP THREADPRIVATE Pragma
  • OpenMP Clauses
    • private
    • firstprivate
    • lastprivate
    • copyprivate
    • if
    • default
    • shared
    • copyin
    • reduction
    • nowait
    • ordered
    • schedule
    • num_threads
  • Attributes
    • attribute aligned
    • attribute malloc
    • attribute non_exposing
    • attribute noreturn
    • attribute format
    • attribute visibility
    • attribute warn_unused_result
• 4 Preprocessing Directives
  • Overview of the Preprocessor
    • Syntax
    • Usage Guidelines
    • Source File Inclusion (#include, #include_next)
      • Syntax
      • Description
      • Examples
    • Macro Replacement (#define, #undef)
      • Syntax
      • Description
      • Macros with Parameters
      • Specifying String Literals with the # Operator
      • Concatenating Tokens with the ## Operator
        • Example 1
        • Example 2
      • Using Macros to Define Constants
      • Other Macros
        • Example 1
        • Example 2
      • Using Constants and Inline Functions Instead of Macros
        • Example
      • Predefined Macros
    • Assertions (#assert, #unassert)
      • Syntax
      • Description
    • Conditional Compilation (#if, #ifdef, .. #endif)
      • Syntax
      • Description
      • Using the defined Operator
      • Using the #if Directive
      • The #endif Directive
      • Using the #ifdef and #ifndef Directives
      • Nesting Conditional Compilation Directives
      • Using the #else Directive
      • Using the #elif Directive
      • Examples
    • Line Control (#line)
      • Syntax
      • Description
      • Example
    • IOSTREAM Performance Improvement Pragma
      • Syntax:
    • Pragma Directive (#pragma) and _Pragma Operator
      • Syntax
      • Description
      • Example
    • Error Directive (#error)
      • Syntax
      • Example
    • Warning Directive
      • Syntax
    • Trigraph Sequences
    • Examples
• 5 Using HP aC++ Templates
  • Invoking Compile-Time Instantiation
    • Scope and Precedence
    • Template Processing
    • Explicit Instantiation
      • Usage
      • Performance
      • Examples
        • Class Template
        • Function Template
    • Command-Line Option Instantiation
    • Compile-Time Instantiation
      • Why Use Compile-Time Instantiation
      • Scope
      • Usage
    • Migrating from Automatic Instantiation to Compile-time Instantiation
      • Possible Duplicate Symbols in Shared Libraries
      • Possible Duplicate Symbols in Archive Libraries
        • Building an Archive Library with +inst_auto/+inst_close
        • Building an Archive Library with Compile-time Instantiation
    • C++ Template Tutorial
      • Class Templates
      • Function Templates
• 6 Standardizing Your Code
  • HP aC++ Keywords
    • bool Keyword
      • Usage
      • Example
    • dynamic_cast Keyword
      • Usage
      • Example
    • explicit Keyword
      • Usage
      • Example
    • mutable Keyword
      • Usage
      • Example
    • namespace and using Keywords
      • Connections Across Translation Units
      • An Auxiliary Translation Unit
      • using- declarations and using- directives
        • using- declaration
        • using- directive
    • typeid Keyword
      • Usage
        • typeid Example
    • volatile Keyword
      • Usage
      • Example
    • wchar_t Keyword
      • Usage
      • Example
    • template Keyword
      • Usage
      • Example
    • typename Keyword
      • Usage
      • Example
  • Overloading new[] and delete[] for Arrays
    • Example
  • Standard Exception Classes
    • Example
  • Exceptions Thrown by the Standard C++ Library
  • type_info Class
  • Unsupported Functionality
• 7 Optimizing HP aC++ Programs
  • Requesting Optimization
    • Setting Basic Optimization Levels
      • Level 1 Optimization
      • Level 2 Optimization
      • Level 3 Optimization
      • Level 4 Optimization
    • Additional Options for Finer Control
      • Enabling Aggressive Optimizations
      • Enabling Only Conservative Optimizations
      • Removing Compilation Time Limits When Optimizing
      • Limiting the Size of Optimized Code
      • Combining Optimization Options
    • Profile-Based Optimization
      • Instrumentation
      • Collecting Data for Profiling
      • Maintaining Profile Data Files
      • Example 1
      • Example 2
      • Performing Profile-Based Optimization
  • Pragmas That Control Optimization
• 8 Exception Handling
  • Exception Handling
    • Exception Handling in C++
    • Exception Handling as Defined by the ANSI/ISO C++ International Standard
    • Basic Exception Handling Example
    • Function Try Block Examples
    • Debugging Exception Handling
    • Performance Considerations
  • Using Threads
    • Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library 2.2.1
    • Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library 1.2.1 and Tools.h++ 7.0.6
    • Using Locks
    • Required Command-line Options
      • Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library 2.2.1
      • Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library 1.2.1 and Tools.h++ 7.0.6
    • Limitations
      • Using -D_THREAD_SAFE with the cfront Compatible libstream
      • Differences between Standard iostreams and cfront Compatible libstream
      • Using -D__HPACC_THREAD_SAFE_RB_TREE
    • Exception Handling
  • Pthreads (POSIX Threads)
    • Limitations
  • Function Scoping
  • Performance Options
  • Parallel Programming Using OpenMP
    • OpenMP Implementation
      • OpenMP Header File
      • OpenMP Library
      • +O[no]openmp Command Line Option
      • _OPENMP Macro
    • Environment Variables in OpenMP
      • OMP_SCHEDULE
      • OMP_NUM_THREADS
      • OMP_DYNAMIC
      • OMP_NESTED
    • Runtime Library Functions in OpenMP
    • Execution Environment Functions
      • omp_set_num_threads
      • omp_get_num_threads
      • omp_get_max_threads
      • omp_get_thread_num
      • omp_get_num_procs
      • omp_in_parallel
      • omp_set_dynamic
      • omp_get_dynamic
      • omp_set_nested
      • omp_get_nested
    • Lock Functions
      • omp_init_lock and omp_init_nest_lock
      • omp_destroy_lock and omp_destroy_nest_lock
      • omp_set_lock and omp_set_nest_lock
      • omp_unset_lock and omp_unset_nest_lock
      • omp_test_lock and omp_test_nest_lock Functions
    • Timing Functions
      • omp_get_wtime
      • omp_get_wtick
• 9 Tools and Libraries
  • HP Specific Features of lex and yacc
  • Creating and Using Libraries
    • HP aC++ Libraries
      • Standard C++ Library
      • Introduction
      • Introduction to Using the Standard C++ Library
      • Differences between Standard C++ Library and Other Libraries
      • The Non-Object-Oriented Design of the Standard C++ Library
        • Smaller Source Code
        • Flexibility
        • Efficiency
        • Iterators: Mismatches and Invalidations
        • Templates: Errors and Code Bloat
        • Multithreading Problems
      • Standard C++ Library Reference
      • Incompatibilities Between the Library and the Standard
      • Tools.h++ Library
      • HP aC++ Runtime Support Library
      • IOStream Library
      • Standard Components Library Not Provided
      • Linking to C++ Libraries
      • Linking with Shared or Archive Libraries
      • Specifying Other Libraries
    • Creating and Using Shared Libraries
      • Compiling for Shared Libraries
        • Example
      • Creating a Shared Library
        • Example
      • Using a Shared Library
        • Example
      • Example of Creating and Using a Shared Library
      • Linking Archive or Shared Libraries
        • Syntax
        • Example
      • Updating a Shared Library
    • Advanced Shared Library Features
      • Forcing the Export of Symbols in main
      • Binding Times
        • Forcing Immediate Binding
      • Side Effects of C++ Shared Libraries
      • Routines and Options to Manage C++ Shared Libraries
      • Linker Options to Manage Shared Libraries
      • Version Control for Shared Libraries
      • Adding New Versions to a Shared Library
    • Standard HP-UX Libraries and Header Files
      • Location of Standard HP-UX Header Files
      • Using Header Files
        • Example
    • Allocation Policies for Containers
      • For -AP Standard Library
      • For -AA Standard Library
  • HP aC++ File Locations
    • HP aC++ Executable Files
    • HP aC++ Runtime Libraries and Header Files
• 10 Mixing C++ with Other Languages
  • Calling Other Languages
  • Data Compatibility between C and C++
    • HP aC++ Calling HP C
      • Using the extern "C" Linkage Specification
      • Syntax of extern "C"
      • Examples of extern "C"
      • Differences in Argument Passing Conventions
      • The main() Function
      • Examples: HP aC++ Calling HP C
        • Running the Example
    • HP C Calling HP aC++
      • Compiling and Running the Sample Programs
    • Calling HP FORTRAN 90 from HP aC++
      • The main() Function
      • Function Naming Conventions
      • Using Reference Variables to Pass Arguments
        • Example of Reference Variables as Arguments
      • Using extern "C" Linkage
      • Strings
      • Arrays
      • Files in FORTRAN
• 11 Distributing Your C++ Products
  • Applications that use HP aC++ Shared Libraries
  • Linking Your HP aC++ Libraries with Other Languages
  • Installing your Application
  • HP aC++ Files You May Distribute
  • Terms for Distribution of HP aC++ Files
• 12 Migrating from HP C++ (cfront) to HP aC++
  • General Guidelines for Migration
    • Getting Started with Migration
    • Writing Code for both Compilers
    • Explicit Loading and Unloading of Shared Libraries
    • Memory Allocation
  • Command-Line Differences
    • New Command-Line Options
    • Obsolete Command-Line Options
    • Changed Command-Line Options
  • Migration Considerations when Debugging
  • Migration Considerations when Using Exception Handling
    • Exception Handling is the Default
    • Memory Allocation Failure and operator new
    • Possible Differences when Exiting a Signal Handler
    • Differences in setjmp/longjmp Behavior
    • Calling unexpected
    • Unreachable catch Clauses
    • Throwing an Object having an Ambiguous Base Class
  • Migration Considerations when Using Libraries
    • Standards Based Libraries
    • HP C++ (cfront) Compatibility Libraries
      • IOStream Library
        • Manpages
        • Header Files
      • Standard Components Library Not Provided
      • HP C++ (cfront) Complex Library Not Supported
        • Manpages
        • Header File
      • HP C++ (cfront) Task Library Not Supported
        • Manpages
  • Migration Considerations Related to Preprocessing
    • Obsolete Preprocessor Options
  • Migration Considerations Related to Standardization
    • Changes in C++ Semantics
      • Implicit Typing of Character String Literals
      • Overload Resolution Ambiguity of Subscripting Operator
      • Execution Order of Static Constructors in Shared Libraries
      • More Frequent Inlining of Inline Code
    • Changes in C++ Syntax
      • Explicit int Declaration
      • The for Statement, New Scoping Rules
      • struct as Template Type Parameter is Permitted
      • Base Template Class Reference Syntax Change
      • Tokens after #endif
      • overload not a Keyword
      • Dangling Comma in enum
      • Static Member Definition Required
      • Declaring friend Classes
      • Incorrect Syntax for Calls to operator new
      • Using :: in Class Definitions
      • Duplicate Formal Argument Names
      • Ambiguous Function or Object Declaration
      • Overloaded Operations ++ and --
      • Reference Initialization
      • Using operator new to Allocate Arrays
      • Parentheses in Static Member Initialization List
      • &qualified-id Required in Static Member Initialization List
      • Non-constant Reference Initialization
      • Digraph White Space Separators
  • Migration Considerations when Using Templates
    • Verbose Template Processing Information
    • Common Template Migration Syntax Changes
    • The cfront Implicit Include Convention
    • Converting Directed Mode to Explicit Instantiation
• 13 Documentation feedback
• A Diagnostic Messages
  • aC++ Message Catalog
    • Command Errors
    • Command Warnings
    • Fatal Errors
    • Future Errors
    • Anachronisms
    • Warnings
    • Suggestion/Information
    • Tool Errors
  • Frequently Encountered Messages
• Glossary
• Index