Hp E4440A Users Manual Getting Started Guide

2015-02-09

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Getting Started Guide

PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers

This manual provides documentation for the following instruments:

E4440A (3 Hz - 26.5 GHz)

E4443A (3 Hz - 6.7 GHz

E4445A (3 Hz - 13.2 GHz)

E4446A (3 Hz - 44 GHz)

E4448A (3 Hz - 50 GHz)

Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90242 Supersedes: E4440-90229

Printed in USA

August 2004

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change

without notice.

Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this

material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of

merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent

Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for

incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,

performance, or use of this material.

The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual.

Familiarize yourself with the symbols and their meaning before

operating this analyzer.

WARNING Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure

which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in

injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note

until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

CAUTION Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not

correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or

destruction of the analyzer. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until

the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

NOTE Note calls out special information for the user’s attention. It provides

operational information or additional instructions of which the user

should be aware.

Additional Information

For the latest information about this analyzer, including firmware

upgrades, application information, and product information, see the

following URL:

http://www.agilent.com/find/psa/

Contents

1. Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

AC Power Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Using an External Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Firmware Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Running Internal Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Printer Setup and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2. Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Front-Panel Connectors and Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Display Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Rear-Panel Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Key Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Front and Rear Panel Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3. Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Entering Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Using Menu Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Creating a User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Viewing a Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4. Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Locating and viewing files in the catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Creating a directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Saving a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Step 1. Set up the analyzer trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Step 2. Save the file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Loading a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Renaming a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Copying a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Deleting a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Using the Alpha Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

5. Options and Accessories

Ordering Options and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Contents

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

50 Ohm/75 Ohm Minimum Loss Pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

75 Ohm Matching Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

AC Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

AC Probe (Low Frequency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Broadband Preamplifiers and Power Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

GPIB Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

USB/GPIB Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

RF and Transient Limiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Static Safe Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6. In Case of Difficulty

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Before Calling Agilent Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Check the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Read the Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Service Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Calling Agilent Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Returning an Analyzer for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

1Installation and Setup

6Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

This chapter provides the following information that you may need when you first receive

your spectrum analyzer:

•“Initial Inspection” on page 7

•“Power Requirements” on page 9

•“Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time” on page 13

•“Printer Setup and Operation” on page 17

•“Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge” on page 19

•“Running Internal Alignments” on page 16

•“Safety Information” on page 20

Agilent Technologies Performance Spectrum Analyzer (PSA)

Chapter 1 7

Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection

Inspect the shipping container and the cushioning material for signs of stress. Retain the

shipping materials for future use, as you may wish to ship the analyzer to another location

or to Agilent Technologies for service. Verify that the contents of the shipping container are

complete. The following table lists the items shipped with the analyzer.

Item Description

Accessories

IntuiLink Toolbar software, CD-ROM Provides a set of connectivity tools that enable you to easily

move data from your analyzer to your PC.

Power Cable (See Table 1-2. on page 11) Connection for power source.

Adapter (E4446A and E4448A only) 2.4 mm(f) to K(f) front panel connector adapter, part number

1250-2187

Adapter (E4446A and E4448A only) 2.4 mm(f) to 2.4 mm(f) front panel connector adapter, part

number 1250-2188

Standard Documentation Set

Getting Started Guide Covers unpacking and setting up the analyzer, analyzer

features, and how to make a basic measurement. Includes

information on options and accessories, and what to do if you

have a problem.

User’s and Programmer’s Reference Describes analyzer features in detail, including front-panel

key descriptions, basic spectrum analyzer programming

information, and SCPI command descriptions.

Measurement Guide Provides details on how to measure various signals, and how

to use catalogs and files.

Specifications Guide Documents specifications, safety, and regulatory information.

Instrument Messages and Functional Tests Includes instrument messages (and suggestions for

troubleshooting them), and manual functional tests.

Programming Conversion Guide Describes SCPI programming command compatibility for

8590, 8560, 8566, ESA/PSA series analyzers.

Documentation CD-ROM Includes the documents in the standard set (listed above).

You can view and print the information as needed. See the

CD-ROM jacket for installation information.

NOTE If you purchased one or more optional measurement personalities, the related guides for the

options you ordered are included.

Service documentation is not included in the standard documentation set. See “Options” on

page 61 for information on ordering.

8Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection

If There Is a Problem

If the shipping materials are damaged or the contents of the container are incomplete:

•Contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office to arrange for repair or replacement

(Table 6-2. on page 75). You will not need to wait for a claim settlement.

•Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.

•If you must return an analyzer to Agilent Technologies, use the original (or comparable)

shipping materials (see “Returning an Analyzer for Service” on page 76).

Chapter 1 9

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

The only physical installation of your Agilent spectrum analyzer is a connection to a power

source.

Line voltage does not need to be selected.

This analyzer does not contain customer serviceable fuses.

WARNING Failure to ground the analyzer properly can result in personal

injury. Before turning on the analyzer, you must connect its

protective earth terminals to the protective conductor of the main

power cable. Insert the main power cable plug into a socket outlet

that has a protective earth contact only. DO NOT defeat the

earth-grounding protection by using an extension cable, power

cable, or autotransformer without a protective ground conductor.

If you are using an autotransformer, make sure its common terminal

is connected to the protective earth contact of the power source

outlet socket.

This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing

ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only

be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth

contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or

outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous.

Intentional interruption is prohibited.

WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent Technologies

spectrum analyzer from mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or

one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts.

Do not attempt to clean internally.

CAUTION VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet,

the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient

temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating

temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the

cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts,

then forced convection must be used.

This analyzer has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage

is within the specified range.

10 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

NOTE For more information regarding analyzer specifications, see the

Specifications guide.

AC Power Cord

The analyzer is equipped with a three-wire power cord, in accordance with international

safety standards. This cable grounds the analyzer cabinet when connected to an

appropriate power line outlet. The cable appropriate to the original shipping location is

included with the analyzer.

Various AC power cables are available that are unique to specific geographic areas. You

can order additional AC power cables for use in different areas. AC Power Cords, on

page 11 lists the available AC power cables, illustrates the plug configurations, and

identifies the geographic area in which each cable is appropriate.

NOTE The front panel switch is a standby switch only; it is not a LINE switch

(power disconnecting device).

WARNING Install the product so that the detachable power cord is readily

identifiable and easily reached by the operator. The detachable

power cord is the product disconnecting device. It disconnects the

mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the

product. The front panel switch is only a standby switch and is not a

LINE switch. Alternatively, an externally installed switch or circuit

breaker (which is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the

operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.

CAUTION Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this product.

Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord can cause

product damage.

Table 1-1. Power Requirements

Description Specifications

Voltage,

Frequency

100 to 132 Vrms, 47 to 66 Hz/360 to 440Hz

195 to 250 Vrms, 47 to 66 Hz

Power Consumption, On Base Fully Loaded

< 260 W < 450 W

Power Consumption, Standby < 20 W

Chapter 1 11

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

Table 1-2. AC Power Cords

12 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

Battery Information

The analyzer uses a Lithium Polycarbon Monofloride battery to power the analyzer clock.

The battery is located on the CPU board.

You can order the service documentation for Agilent spectrum analyzers through your

Agilent Sales and Service office. The documentation is described under “Options” on

page 61.

NOTE If the analyzer’s clock does not work, the problem is the battery. See

“Returning an Analyzer for Service” on page 76.

WARNING Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only

with the same or equivalent type recommended. Discard used

batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Chapter 1 13

Installation and Setup

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

❏Plug in the power cord.

WARNING If this product is to be energized via an external auto transformer for

voltage reduction, make sure that its common terminal is connected to a

neutral (earthed pole) of the power supply.

CAUTION The analyzer is shipped with a a transportation disk inserted in the disk

drive to prevent damage to the disk drive during transportation. This

transportation disk, or a blank floppy disk, should be inserted in the disk

drive whenever transporting the analyzer.

Do not leave a disk in the front-panel disk drive while turning the analyzer

on. Also, ensure that the transportation disk is removed from the drive.

NOTE Do not connect anything else to the analyzer yet.

❏Press the power switch (located in the lower left-hand corner of the analyzer’s front

panel) to turn the analyzer on. See “Front Panel Overview” on page 22.

NOTE The instrument requires >2 minutes to power-on.

Information Screen

An information screen appears during the initialization process. The information screen

contains the analyzer product number and a URL for accessing product support

information on the World Wide Web. See “Additional Information” on page 2.

NOTE The information screen displays for approximately 10 seconds before the

initialization process is complete.

Record the firmware revision and serial number, and keep it for reference. If

you should ever need to call Agilent Technologies for service or with any

questions regarding your analyzer, it will be helpful to have this information

readily available. You can also obtain the firmware revision and serial

number by pressing System, More, Show System.

14 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

❏If using LAN, set the IP address of the analyzer to an appropriate number for your

network (one that the network recognizes, but that is not yet in use):

—Press System, Config I/O, and note the IP address.

—If the current address is not appropriate, press IP Address and use the keypad to

change it.

—Connect the LAN cable to the LAN connector located on the rear panel of your

analyzer (see “Rear-Panel Features” on page 27).

—Cycle the analyzer power.

NOTE It is necessary to cycle the power to the analyzer after plugging in the LAN

for the analyzer to recognize the network.

❏Allow the spectrum analyzer to warm-up for 30 minutes before making a calibrated

measurement. To meet its specifications, the analyzer must meet operating

temperature conditions.

NOTE It is normal to hear clicking when the Auto Alignment function is on. See

“Running Internal Alignments” on page 16 for more information.

Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory?

Many measurement personality options are available for use with this instrument. If the

option is loaded in the instrument, you must also have a license key entered, to use it.

Some versions of instrument hardware my not have enough memory to accommodate all

the options that you have ordered. If this is the case you will need to swap the applications

in/out of memory, as needed. It may also be possible to upgrade your hardware to have

more memory. Contact your local sales/service office.

Using an External Reference

1. To use an external frequency reference, connect it to the EXT REF IN connector on the

rear panel (see “Rear-Panel Features” on page 27).

2. Enter the frequency of the external reference into the analyzer:

a. Press System, Reference, Freq Ref

b. Select the Ext function.

c. Use the keypad to enter the frequency of the external frequency reference.

Chapter 1 15

Installation and Setup

Firmware Revision

To view the firmware revision of your analyzer, press System, More, Show System. If you

call Agilent Technologies regarding your analyzer, it is helpful to have this revision and the

analyzer serial number available.

TIP You can get automatic electronic notification of new firmware releases and

other product updates/information by subscribing to the Agilent Technologies

Test & Measurement E-Mail Notification Service for the PSA and ESA Series

at http://www.agilent.com/find/notifyme

16 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Running Internal Alignments

Each time the analyzer is powered on, the internal alignment routine runs automatically.

The analyzer was shipped from the factory with the Alignments mode set to Auto. This

setting enables the alignment routine to run automatically either every 24 hours, or when

the internal analyzer temperature changes ±3°C.

NOTE When the Alignment routine runs, you will hear the attenuator settings

changing, which generates noise. This is not an indication of trouble.

Manually Performing an Alignment

If Auto Align, Off is selected, refer to the Specifications guide for the conditions required to

maintain calibration.

NOTE For detailed information regarding the alignment routine (including how to

run alignments, and how the analyzer can alert you when alignments are

required) refer to the User’s guide for your analyzer.

Chapter 1 17

Installation and Setup

Printer Setup and Operation

A printer can be connected to your analyzer if it is equipped with an external I/O interface.

Supported printers accept Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language Level 3 (PCL3) or 5

(PCL5). Refer to the documentation or specifications supplied with your printer, or contact

the manufacturer to identify your printer’s language.

Equipment

•IEEE 1284 compliant printer cable.

•Supported and tested printers are listed below. Note that there are many PCL3/5

printers that may work with your analyzer, however, they have not been tested.

—PCL3 printers include most HP DeskJet printers.

—PCL5 printers include most HP LaserJet printers.

NOTE The following printers are not compatible with your analyzer.

•HP Deskjet 720C, 722C, 820C and 1600C

•Epson MX-80, FX-85, Stylus, and LQ-570

Printer Models Language Type Color Capable

HP DeskJet 310, 320, 350C, 400L PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 500C, 550C, 600, 660C, 672C,

680C, 682C, 690C, 693C PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 840C, 850C, 870C, 890C, 895C PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 935C, 970C, 990C PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 1120C, 1150C PCL3 yes

HP Inkjet 2000C PCL 3 yes

HP LaserJet 4L, 4P, 4 Plus PCL3/5 no

HP LaserJet 5L, 5M, 5N, 5P, 5SI PCL3/5 no

HP LaserJet 6L, 6MP, 6P PCL5 no

HP LaserJet 2100 Series, PCL3/5 no

HP LaserJet 4050N PCL3/5 yes

HP LaserJet 5000GN PCL3/5 yes

HP Professional Series 2500CM PCL3 yes

18 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Printer Setup and Operation

Interconnection and Setup

1. Turn off the printer and the analyzer.

2. Using an IEEE 1284 compliant parallel printer cable, connect the printer to the

analyzer parallel I/O interface connector on the rear panel (see “Rear-Panel Features”

on page 27).

3. Turn on the analyzer and printer.

4. On the front panel, press Print Setup, then press the Printer Setup menu key.

5. Select the printer language and color capability appropriate for your printer. See table

above this section for a list of some compatible printers.

Testing Printer Operation

When you have completed the printer setup for the analyzer, press the front panel Print

key. If the printer is ready and the printer setup was successful, a printout of the analyzer

display will be printed. If the printer is not ready, the message “Printer not responding”

appears at the bottom of the screen.

NOTE There may be some small discrepancies in the color mapping of the analyzer

display to your color printer. Due to differences in display and printer

technologies, the default display colors do not map exactly to the printer

colors. For example trace 1 is yellow on your analyzer display while it maps to

green on your printer.

Chapter 1 19

Installation and Setup

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components (the possibility

of unseen damage caused by ESD is present whenever components are transported, stored,

or used).

Test Equipment and ESD

To help reduce ESD damage that can occur while using test equipment:

•Before connecting any coaxial cable to an analyzer connector for the first time each day,

momentarily short the center and outer conductors of the cable together.

•Personnel should be grounded with a 1 MΩ resistor-isolated wrist-strap before touching

the center pin of any connector and before removing any assembly from the analyzer.

•Be sure that all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent build-up of static

charge.

WARNING Do not use these first three techniques when working on circuitry

with a voltage potential greater than 500 volts.

•Perform work on all components or assemblies at a static-safe workstation.

•Keep static-generating materials at least one meter away from all components.

•Store or transport components in static-shielding containers.

•Always handle printed circuit board assemblies by the edges. This reduces the

possibility of ESD damage to components and prevent contamination of exposed

plating.

For information on ordering static-safe accessories, see “Accessories” on page 66.

Additional Information about ESD

For more information about ESD and how to prevent ESD damage, contact the

Electrostatic Discharge Association (http://www.esda.org). The ESD standards developed

by this agency are sanctioned by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

20 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Safety Information

WARNING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing

ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall be

inserted only in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth

contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or

outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous.

Intentional interruption is prohibited.

If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by

the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a

normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

2Front and Rear Panel Features

This chapter gives you an overview of the front and rear panels of your analyzer. For

details on analyzer keys and remote programming, refer to the User’s and Programmer’s

Reference. For connector specifications (including input/output levels), see the

Specifications guide.

22 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

This section provides information on the analyzer’s front panel, including:

•Front Panel Connectors and Keys, see below

•“Display Annotations” on page 24

Front-Panel Connectors and Keys

Item Description

#Name

1I and

QInputs Allow connection of an analog I/Q demodulator (not currently implemented).

2Softkeys Menu labels identifying the current function of each softkey appear to the left of each

key. Softkey menus dependent on the active menu. Also see “Using Menu Keys” on

page 49.

3ESC Key Exits any function without modifying the current parameters. Also blanks the active

function annotation.

4Control Keys Set parameters used for making measurements in the current measurement mode.

5Measure Key

sSelect and set up specific measurements within the current application.

6Mode Keys Select measurement mode and mode parameters.

Chapter 2 23

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

7System Keys Access features used with all analyzer modes and affect the state of the entire spectrum

analyzer.

8Vol. Control/

Earphones Not currently implemented. To be implemented in future firmware upgrade.

9PROBE PWR Supplies power for external high frequency probes and accessories (see page 83).

10 Marker Keys Enable markers to obtain specific information about the displayed measurement.

11 EXT TRIGGE

INPUT

Enables you to externally trigger measurements.

12 POWER

ON/OFF Turns the analyzer on. A green light indicates power on. A yellow light indicates standby

mode.

NOTE The front-panel switch is a standby switch, not a LINE switch

(disconnecting device); the analyzer continues to draw power even when

the line switch is in standby. Use the detachable power cord to

disconnect the analyzer from the mains supply.

13 Help Key Not currently implemented. To be implemented in future firmware upgrade.

14 Window Key

Next Window: On displays with multiple windows, changes the highlighted window that is

currently active.

Zoom: Zooms in on the highlighted window.

15 Navigation

Keys Not currently implemented. To be implemented in future firmware upgrade.

16 Return Key Exits the current menu and returns to the previous menu.

17 Data Control

sChange the numeric value of an active function. Entries appear in the active function

area of the display. Also see “Entering Data” on page 49.

18 Floppy

Disk Drive Accepts a 3.5 inch 1.44 MB floppy disk.

19 RF Input Input for an external signal. Make sure that the total power of all signals at the analyzer

input does not exceed +30 dBm (1 watt). The E4446A and E4448A input connector is

2.4 mm.

20 IF Input, 1st

LO Output Allows connections for external mixing (Option AYZ)

Item Description

#Name

24 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Display Annotations

Item Description Associated Function Keys

1Detector typeaDet/Demod, Detector

2 Reference level Amplitude, Ref Level

3 Active function block Refer to the description of the activated function.

4 Screen title Display, Title

5 Time and date display System, Time/Date

6RF attenuationaAmplitude, Attenuation

7Display line Display, Display Line

8Marker Marker

9 Active marker Marker

10 Active marker frequency and

amplitude Marker

Chapter 2 25

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

11 Data invalid indicator Asterisk (*) means some or all trace data may not match

annotation due to possible analyzer setting changes.

12 Status message area Displays status messages (see “Types of Spectrum

Analyzer Messages” on page 71).

13 Key menu title Dependent on menu selection.

14 Softkey menu Softkey labels

15 Frequency span or stop frequency Span or Frequency, Stop Freq

16 Sweep timeaSweep, Sweep Time

17 Video bandwidthaBW, Video BW

18 Frequency offset Frequency, Freq Offset

19 Display status line Displays informational and error messages (see “Types of

Spectrum Analyzer Messages” on page 71).

20 Resolution bandwidthaBW, Res BW

21 Center frequency or start frequency Frequency, Center Freq or Start Freq

22 Internal preamp Amplitude, Int Preamp

23 Auto alignment routine status System, Alignments, Auto align

(If auto alignment is off, no indicator appears)

AA: auto alignment of all

analyzer parameters. AL: analyzer alerts you

when alignment is

needed.

24 Trigger or Trace Trig or Trace/Avg

Trigger & sweep modes:

F: free-run trigger

X: external (front) trigger

R: external (rear) trigger

L: line trigger

V: video trigger

C: continuous sweep

S: single sweep

Trace modes:

W: clear-write

S: store blank

m: minimum hold

M: maximum hold

V: view

1: trace 1

2: trace 2

3: trace 3

25 AverageaTrace/Avg, Average: The

number shown indicates

current average number.

VAvg: voltage average

LgAv: log power average

PAvg power average

26 Display line annotation Display, Display Line

27 Amplitude offset Amplitude, Ref Lvl Offst

28 Amplitude scale Amplitude, Scale Type or Amplitude, Scale/Div

Item Description Associated Function Keys

26 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

29 Phase noise optimizationaAuto Couple, PhNoise Opt

Phase noise can be optimized for:

f<50k: frequencies less than 50 kHz from carrier.

f>50k: frequencies greater than 50 kHz from carrier.

FTun: LO for fast tuning.

30 Sweep typeaSweep, Sweep Type

31 Signal track

(could also be CP Continuous Peak

Frequency, Signal Track

Peak Search, Continuous Pk

a. This function can be auto-coupled. A pound (#) symbol in front of this annotation indicates an

uncoupled function.

Item Description Associated Function Keys

Chapter 2 27

Front and Rear Panel Features

Rear-Panel Features

Item Description

#Name

1 NOISE SOURCE

DRIVE OUT

+28 V (PULSED)

Provides 28 V to drive a noise source. Used on Option 219 Noise Figure personality.

2 PRESEL TUNE

OUT Outputs tuning voltage for preselected harmonic mixer.

310 MHz OUT

(SWITCHED) A switched output of the analyzer’s internal 10 MHz frequency reference signal used

to lock the frequency reference of other test equipment to the analyzer.

4EXT REF IN Input for a 1 to 30 MHz external frequency reference signal. Also see page 12.

5 321.4 MHz IF

Out Provides 321.4 MHz IF output.

6TRIGGER 1 OUT A trigger output used to synchronize other test equipment with the analyzer. Trigger

1 is the High=Sweeping (HSWP) signal.

7TRIGGER 2 IN Allows external triggering of measurements.

8VIDEO OUT Provides a y-axis video out signal. Note that this signal is not available when gating

is being used.

921.4 MHz IF OUT Provides 21.4 MHz IF output.

10 SCSI This feature is for factory use only

28 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Rear-Panel Features

11 KYBD Enables connection of an external PS-2 keyboard using a 6-pin mini-DIN connector.

Always turn off power before plugging in keyboard.

This feature not fully implemented. Currently used only for firmware upgrades.

12 Line power

input The AC power connection. Also see “Power Requirements” on page 5.

13 GPIB Allows the connection of a General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB, IEEE 488.1) cable,

which enables remote analyzer operation.

14 LAN A TCP/IP Interface.

Also see “Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time” on page 11 for information on

setting the IP address.

For information on using the analyzer remotely, refer to the User’s and

Programmer’s Reference.

15 TRIGGER 2 OUT A trigger output used to synchronize other test equipment with the analyzer.

Reserved for future applications.

16 PARALLEL Supports remote printing (Printing is supported only from the parallel port).

17 70 MHZ IF OUT Provides 70 MHz IF output.

18 MONITOR Allows connection of an external VGA monitor.

19 RS-232 Allows connection of a PC, printer, or modem.

This feature not fully implemented; to be implemented in a future release.

20 HNQ IN

H7L IN

H70 IN

These features are only available when special options are installed.

Item Description

#Name

Chapter 2 29

Front and Rear Panel Features

Key Overview

The keys labeled FREQUENCY Channel, System, and Marker are all examples of front-panel

keys. The front-panel keys are dark gray, light gray, green, or white in color. Front-panel

keys that are white perform an immediate action rather than bringing up a menu. The

only green key is the Preset key, which performs an analyzer reset (A summary of all front

panel keys and their related menu keys can be found in user’s guide for your analyzer).

Pressing most of the dark or light gray front-panel keys accesses menus of functions that

are displayed along the right side of the display. These are called menu keys.

Menu keys list functions other than those accessed directly by the front panel keys. To

activate a menu key function, press the key immediately to the right of the annotation on

the screen. The menu keys that are displayed depend on which front-panel key is pressed

and which menu level is enabled.

If a menu key function’s value can be changed, it is called an active function. The function

label of the active function is highlighted after that key has been selected. For example,

press AMPLITUDE Y Scale. This calls up the menu of related amplitude functions. Note the

function labeled Ref Level (the default selected key in the Amplitude menu) is highlighted.

Ref Level also appears in the active function block, indicating that it is the active amplitude

function and can now be changed using any of the data entry controls.

A menu key with On and Off in its label can be used to turn the menu key’s function on or

off. To turn the function on, press the menu key so that On is underlined. To turn the

function off, press the menu key so that Off is underlined. In the manual, when On should

be underlined, it will be indicated as Function (On).

A function with Auto and Man in the label can either be auto-coupled or have its value

manually changed. The value of the function can be changed manually using the numeric

keypad, knob, or step keys. To auto-couple a function, press the menu key so that Auto is

underlined. In the manual, when Auto should be underlined, it will be indicated as

Function (Auto).

In some key menus, one key label will always be highlighted to show which key has been

selected. For example, when you press Marker, you will access a menu of keys in which

some of the keys are grouped together by a blue bar on the left side of the menu. The

Normal key, which is the Marker menu default key, will be highlighted. When you press

another key within the blue bar region, such as Delta, the highlight will move to that key to

show it has been selected.

30 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Key Overview

In other key menus, one key label will always be highlighted to show which key has been

selected but the menu is immediately exited when a selection is made. For example, when

you press the Orientation key (on the Print Setup menu), it will bring up its own menu of

keys. The Portrait key, which is the Orientation menu default key, will be highlighted.

When you press the Landscape key, the highlight will move to that key to show it has been

selected and the screen will return to the Print Setup menu.

The arrow keys located below the analyzer display (sometimes referred to as Tab keys) can

be used to navigate within tables, for example the Limit-Line table. These keys are used to

move between rows. The Left-arrow key moves up, while the right-arrow key moves down.

While navigating through the table, the cursor (inverse video highlight) stays in the same

column. Navigating left or right in the table is accomplished by choosing the desired field

using the front-panel keys.

Chapter 2 31

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front and Rear Panel Symbols

This symbol is used to indicate power ON (green LED).

This symbol is used to indicate power STANDBY mode (yellow LED).

This symbol is used to indicate the ON position of the power button.

This symbol is used to indicate the OFF position of the power button.

This symbol indicates the input power required is AC.

The instruction documentation symbol. The product is marked with this

symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to instructions in the

documentation.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum

Management Agency.

This is a marking of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A

product, and to indicate product compliance with the Canadian

Interference-Causing Equipment Standard (ICES-001).

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards

Association.

32 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front and Rear Panel Symbols

3Making a Basic Measurement

This chapter provides information on basic analyzer operation. For more information on

making measurements, see the measurement guide for your analyzer.

34 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

This chapter is divided into the following sections:

•“Using the Front Panel” on page 35

•“Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer” on page 36

•“Viewing a Signal” on page 37

CAUTION Ensure that the total power of all signals at the analyzer input does not

exceed +30 dBm (1 watt).

Basic Assumption

The material in this chapter is presented with the assumption that you understand the

front and rear panel layout, and display annotations of your analyzer. If you do not, refer

to “Front and Rear Panel Features” on page 21.

NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

Chapter 3 35

Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel

Entering Data

When setting measurement parameters, there are several ways to enter or modify the

value of the active function:

Using Menu Keys

Menu Keys (which appear along the right side of the display) provide access to many

analyzer functions. Here are examples of menu key types:

Knob Increments or decrements the current value.

Arrow Keys Increments or decrements the current value.

Numeric Keypad Enters a specific value. Then press the desired terminator (either

a unit softkey, or the Enter key).

Unit Softkeys Terminate a value that requires a unit-of-measurement.

Enter Key Terminates an entry when either no unit of measure is needed, or

you want to use the default unit.

Toggle Allows you to activate/deactivate states.

Example: Toggles the selection (underlined choice)

each time you press the key.

Submenu Displays a new menu of softkeys.

Example: A submenu key allows you to view a new

menu of softkeys related to the submenu

key category.

Choice Allows you to make a selection from a list of values.

Example: A choice key displays the currently selected

submenu choice, in this example, dBm.

When the choice is made, the submenu

automatically returns.

Adjust Highlights the softkey and sets the active function.

Examples: Press this type of key and enter a value.

The default for softkeys with an automatic

(Auto) or manual (Man) choice is automatic.

After you enter a value, the selection

changes to manual. You can also press the

softkey twice to change to manual.

On Off

Signal Track

Catalog

dBm

Y Axis Units

13.2550000 GHz

CF Step

10.00 dB

Auto Man

Attenuation

36 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer

Preset provides a known starting point for making measurements. The analyzer has

three types of preset:

Factory Preset Restores the analyzer to its factory-defined state.

User Preset Restores the analyzer to a user-defined state.

Mode Preset This type of preset restores the currently selected mode to a known

state.

For details, see the User’s/Programmer’s manual.

When Preset Type is set to Factory, pressing the green Preset key triggers a factory

preset. When Preset Type is set to User, pressing Preset displays the softkeys Factory

Preset, User Preset, and Mode Preset (if applicable); you then select the preset you want.

If Preset Type is set to Mode, but a personality is not installed, pressing Preset triggers a

factory preset.

Creating a User Preset

If you constantly use settings which are not the factory defaults, use the following steps

to create a user-defined preset:

1. Set analyzer parameters as desired.

2. Press System, Power On/Preset, Save User Preset to set the current parameters as the

user preset state.

3. Press Preset to select User in the same softkey menu to enable user preset as an

option.

Disabling User Preset

Go to the Power On/Preset menu (press System, Power On/Preset) and select a Preset Type

of Factory or Mode.

Chapter 3 37

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

1. Press Preset. If the softkeys Factory Preset and User Preset appear, select

Factory Preset.

2. Press System, Reference, then note the 10MHz Out setting. If Off is active (underlined),

press the softkey to toggle the reference on.

3. Connect the analyzer’s rear panel 10 MHz OUT (SWITCHED) to the front-panel input.

Setting Reference Level and Center Frequency

NOTE The display examples in this section are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

4. Set the reference level to 10 dBm: Press AMPLITUDE, 10, dBm.

5. Set the center frequency to 30 MHz: Press FREQUENCY,Center Freq,30,MHz.

The 10 MHz reference signal spectrum appears on the display, as shown in

Figure 3-1.

NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

38 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-1 10 MHz Internal Reference Signal and Associated Spectrum

Setting Frequency Span

6. Set the frequency span to 50 MHz: Press SPAN,5,0,MHz.

This displays the signal as shown in Figure 3-2.

10 MHz Peak

Chapter 3 39

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-2 Span Changed to 50 MHz

Reading Frequency & Amplitude

7. Place a marker (labeled 1) on the 10 MHz peak, as shown in Figure 3-3.

Press Peak Search.

Note that the frequency and amplitude of the marker appear both in the active

function block, and in the upper-right corner of the screen. You can use the knob, the

arrow keys, or the softkeys in the Peak Search menu to move the marker. Pressing

Esc removes the value from the display.

8. If you have moved the marker, return it to the peak of the 10 MHz signal.

Changing Reference Level

9. Press AMPLITUDE, and note that reference level (Ref Level) is now the active function.

Press Marker ➞, Mkr ➞Ref Lvl.

Note that changing the reference level changes the amplitude value of the top

graticule line.

Figure 3-4 shows the relationship between center frequency and reference level. The

box represents the analyzer display. Changing the center frequency changes the

horizontal placement of the signal on the display. Changing the reference level

changes the vertical placement of the signal on the display. Increasing the span

increases the frequency range that appears horizontally across the display.

10 MHz Peak

40 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-3 A Marker on the 10 MHz Peak

Figure 3-4 Relationship Between Frequency and Amplitude

Marker AnnotationActive function block

Chapter 3 41

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Improving Frequency Accuracy

10.While not all of the zeros following the decimal in the active function block are

significant, the numbers after the decimal in the marker annotation (upper-right

corner of screen) are significant. To increase the accuracy of the frequency reading in

the marker annotation, turn on the frequency count function.

a. Press Mkr Fctn.

•The Marker Fctn softkeys appear.

b. Press Marker Count.

•The Marker Count softkeys appear.

11.Note softkey Marker Count On Off. If Off is underlined, press the softkey to toggle

marker count on.

As shown in Figure 3-5:

•The marker annotation changes from Mkr1 to Cntr1.

•The displayed resolution in the marker annotation improves.

NOTE When you use the frequency count function, if the ratio of the resolution

bandwidth to the span is less than 0.002, the following message

appears on the display: Freq Count: Reduce Span/RBW ratio

This indicates that the resolution bandwidth is too narrow.

12.Press Marker ➞, Mkr ➞CF to move the 10 MHz peak to the center of the display.

Valid Marker Count Range

13.Move the marker down the skirt of the 10 MHz peak. Note that although the readout

in the active function changes, as long as the marker is at least 26 dB above the noise,

the counted value (upper-right corner of display) does not change (see Figure 3-6). For

an accurate count, the marker does not have to be at the exact peak.

NOTE Marker count functions properly only on CW signals or discrete peaks.

For a valid reading, the marker must be ≥26 dB above the noise.

14.Press BW/Avg, Res BW, then enter a new value. This action makes the resolution

bandwidth the active function and allows you to experiment with different resolution

bandwidth (RBW) values.

15.Press Marker, Off to turn the marker off.

NOTE After properly setting the analyzer to display your signal, you can save

the settings as either a user preset (press System, Power On/Preset, Save

User Preset), or a file (see “Saving a File” on page 48).

42 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-5 Increasing Marker Frequency Accuracy

Figure 3-6 Using Marker Counter

Frequency Count

increases accuracy

4Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

44 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

The analyzer stores and retrieves data similarly to the way that a personal computer (PC)

does: both have internal storage and a floppy disk drive. While a PC has an internal drive,

the analyzer’s internal storage is nonvolatile (flash) memory, which acts as an internal

drive. As with a PC, both the internal storage and the floppy disk drive have directory and

sub-directory capability; in the analyzer, directories and subdirectories are called catalogs.

This chapter tells you how to:

•locate catalogs and view files, on page 45.

•save a file, on page 48.

For more information on catalogs and files, see the Measurement guide.

Chapter 4 45

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

This chapter describes how to use the functions located under the front-panel File key.

Data storage and retrieval are handled similarly to that of personal computers (PCs). Like

PCs, these analyzers include an internal storage drive and a floppy disk drive, both of

which have directory and sub-directory capability.

You will learn how to do all of the following:

•locate and view files in the catalog

•format a floppy disk

•save a file

•load a file

•rename a file

•copy a file

•delete a file

NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer models,

you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

Locating and viewing files in the catalog

Techniques for locating files and directories are consistent throughout the various file

menu functions. Although this section provides specific information about navigation in

the catalog, you may wish to refer back to this section when performing other operations of

the file menu.

The analyzer has three default catalogs (directories):

•State, which stores analyzer settings.

•Trace, which stores trace information.

•Screen, which stores screen captures of the display in .gif or .wmf format.

NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported into

other applications or converted. If you require the use of other applications,

for example Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel, be sure to save your files as

.gif or .wmf formats using Screen for your file Type.

46 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

Press File, Catalog to bring up a screen display as shown in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1. Catalog Menu

NOTE Use the front-panel Step Keys or Knob and the Dir Up or Dir Select keys to

move up and down within the directory information box.

1. The entry fields show the parameters for the files viewed. Entry fields that are being

modified or are modifiable are indicated by highlighting (inverse video). Each file menu

function has its own unique set of entry fields pertaining to that function. Below are the

fields listed under the catalog key:

a. Name: field states the filename.

b. Show Type: field displays the type of files viewed.

c. Path: field displays the drive and directory location of the files.

2. The directory information box displays the drives, directories, and/or files currently

described in the entry fields. Highlighting a row of information selects that location and

updates the entry fields. There are four column headings in this area of the display.

They are described as follows:

a. Name: column states the drive ([-A-] or [-C-]) if at the top level on the drive,

directory name, or filename.

Chapter 4 47

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

b. Type: column displays the extension of the filename, for example, .SET, .STA,

.TRC. Directories are displayed as DIR and drives have nothing listed under Type:.

They are only designated by the Name: column ([-A-] or [-C-]).

c. Size: column displays the size of the file in bytes.

d. Modified: column displays the date and time the last change occurred.

3. The softkey menu has four options:

a. Type: allows you to choose the type of file you wish to view. (You may view all types

by using the All key under Type.)

b. Sort: Under the Sort key, you can sort by any of the four columns and you can choose

up (ascending) or down (descending).

c. Dir Up: moves you up one directory level. If you are already at the top level, this key

moves you up to the drive level, displaying the available disk drives.

d. Dir Select: moves you down into the highlighted directory or up into the next level

(directory or drive) if the “. .” under the Name: column is highlighted.

NOTE Navigation keys: Use the front-panel Step Keys or Knob and the Dir Up or Dir

Select keys to move around in the directory information box.

4. The drive space line shows the number of bytes used on the drive and the number of

bytes still free on the drive.

Creating a directory

Directories and sub-directories can be created on both the A: floppy disc and the internal

C: drive. This allows maximum flexibility in organizing files. For this example, we will

create a directory on the C: drive.

1. Press File, More 1 of 2, Create Dir. Your screen should look similar to Figure 4-1, except

the entry fields will be Dir Name: and Path: and the Heading will read: Directories.

2. Navigate through the file system until the Path: field displays C:\. (Use the Step Keys,

Knob, Dir Up, and/or Dir Select keys.)

3. Press Name and enter the name, “START” using the Alpha Editor. (The numeric keypad

is also available for the filename.) Press Enter (hardkey) when the Dir Name: field

contains this directory title. (Use the Bk Sp hardkey on the front panel to make

corrections.)

4. Press Create Dir Now to execute the operation. The message: Creating Directory

appears on the screen. Then the status bar displays: Directory C:\START created.

5. To make a sub-directory, scroll down to the START directory you just created and press

Dir Select. The Path: field should now read: C:\START\. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 above,

using a new name. The status bar now should read: Directory C:\START\new name

created.

48 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

You can save files (setups, states, traces, limits, corrections, measurement results, or

screens) to a floppy disk (A:\), or the internal drive (C:\). In this example you will save a

trace to the internal C: drive.

NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported into

other applications or converted. If you require the use of other applications,

for example Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel, be sure to save your files as

.gif or .wmf formats using Screen for your file Type.

Step 1. Set up the analyzer trace

1. Perform a factory preset by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).

2. Turn on the internal 50 MHz alignment signal of the analyzer as follows:

•Press Input/Output, Input Port, Amptd Ref.

3. Set the center frequency to 50 MHz by pressing press FREQUENCY, Center Freq, 50, MHz.

4. Set the span to 75 MHz by pressing SPAN, Span, 75, MHz. The reference signal will

appear on the display.

5. View trace 1 and put it into maximum hold by pressing View/Trace, Max Hold. (Trace 1

should already by underlined, but if not, press Trace 1 2 3 until 1 is underlined and then

press Max Hold.) Your analyzer display should look similar to Figure 4-3.

Figure 4-2. Viewing Trace 1

Chapter 4 49

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

6. Activate trace 2 and put it into minimum hold by pressing Trace (2), Min Hold. Your

analyzer display should look similar to Figure 4-4.

Figure 4-3. Viewing Traces 1 and 2

7. Activate trace 3 by pressing Trace (3), Clear Write. Your analyzer display should look

similar to Figure 4-5.

50 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Figure 4-4. Viewing Traces 1, 2, and 3

Step 2. Save the file

1. To access the Save menu, press, File, Save.

2. Select the type of file you want to save. In this example you are saving a trace; press

Type, Trace.

NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported into

other applications or converted. If you require the use of other applications,

for example Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel, be sure to save your files as

.gif or .wmf formats using Screen for your file Type.

3. Select the trace you wish to save (1, 2, 3, or all traces). In this example you will save

trace 3; press Source (softkey), Trace 3.

4. Select the format you wish to use for saving the trace, either trace plus state

(Trace + State) or comma separated value (CSV). In this example you will save as trace

plus state; press Format, Trace + State.

Chapter 4 51

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

5. Enter a filename by pressing Name. The Alpha Editor appears. For this example you

will name the file, “TEST1”. (The numeric keypad is also available for the filename.)

Note that the file extension is always set by the system and for this file type the

extension is TRC. You must now press the Enter (hardkey) to get back to the Save menu.

NOTE You need to use a filename that does not already exist in the current

directory. The filename is limited to eight characters, alpha (A-Z) or numeric

(0-9) in any combination. The analyzer will not allow you to overwrite an

existing file. If you select a filename that already exists, the status bar will

display the message: File already exists. If you do not choose a filename,

the analyzer will automatically generate a name based on the type of file you

are saving (Setup: SETUP, State: STATE, Trace: TRACE, Limits: LIMIT,

Corrections: COREC, Screen: SCREN). It also generates a three digit integer

(starting at 000 and extending through 999, remembering the previously

saved value through a power cycle) which it adds to the name, for example:

TRACE056.TRC. Also note that this three digit integer increments upon each

attempted save until a unique filename is created, without regard to the

success of the save.

6. The destination for the saved file is shown in the Path: field. In this example, you will

select the path as C:\START\. If the correct location is not listed in the Path: field,

change directories as follows:

a. Press Dir Up or Dir Select and use the step keys or knob, to highlight the desired

destination directory.

b. Press Dir Select and confirm your choice displayed in the Path: field.

7. Press Save Now or Save (hardkey) to save the file to the C:\Start\ location. The

message Saving Now is displayed during this operation. For this example, the status

line displays: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file saved.

NOTE When saving to drive (A:), never remove the floppy disk during the save

operation. To do so could corrupt all data on the floppy disk.

52 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Loading a file

1. Reset the analyzer by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).

2. To access the Load menu, press File, Load.

3. Select the type of file you want to load (setup, state, trace, limits, or corrections). In this

example you are loading a trace file; press Type, Trace.

NOTE Not all file types can be loaded back into the analyzer. For example, Screen

files and CSV (comma separated value) files cannot be loaded. CSV and

Screen files are designed for use with a PC.

4. Select the directory where your file is located. In this example, select the C:\START\

directory. (Use the front-panel step keys, knob, Dir Up, and/or Dir Select keys to locate

the directory.)

5. Select the file you want to load into the analyzer by moving the cursor with the

front-panel knob to highlight the file name. In this example the file is TEST1.TRC. Select

the trace into which you wish to load the file. In this example, load it into Trace 2.

(Destination, Trace 2).

6. Press Load Now to load the specified file. Your display should look similar to Figure 4-6.

The status bar reads: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file loaded.

Figure 4-5. File Loaded

Chapter 4 53

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

NOTE You should notice that the trace you saved, in this example trace 3, is loaded

to trace 2. If you wish to verify this condition, remove the signal input. Press

Input/Output, Input Port, Amptd Ref (Off).

Note that when a trace is loaded, it is placed in view mode. To see that trace 2

is in view mode, blank traces 1 and 3 by pressing View/Trace, Trace 1, Blank,

Trace 3, Blank. Then press Trace 2. Notice that trace 2 is the only trace

displayed in view mode (the view key is selected, and the trace is not

sweeping). Your display should look similar to Figure 4-7.

Figure 4-6. Verifying Trace 1

CAUTION When operating in dc coupled mode, ensure protection of the input mixer by

limiting the input level to 0 Vdc and +30 dBm.

NOTE When loading Limits files, be sure you have selected the appropriate X Axis

Units: frequency or time (Display, Limits, Properties, X Axis Units). If you are in

time X-Axis Units, and you load frequency limits, all current limit line data

will be erased and the analyzer will switch to the frequency domain. The

reverse of the this situation also holds true.

54 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Renaming a File

1. To access the Rename menu, press File, Rename.

2. Select the type of file you want to rename (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or

corrections). In this example you are renaming a trace file; press Type, Trace.

3. Select the drive and directory where your file is located. In this example, choose drive

C:\START.

4. Select the file you want to rename. In this example, choose the file TEST1.TRC.

5. Press Name to open the Alpha Editor menu. For this example, rename the file to RENAME

using the Alpha Editor softkeys. (The Name: field is limited to eight characters.) Your

display should look similar to Figure 4-8.

6. Press Enter, Rename Now: your file is now renamed and visible within the directory

displayed on your analyzer. The status line displays the message: C:\START\TEST1.TRC

file renamed to C:\START\RENAME.TRC.

Figure 4-7. Renaming a File

Chapter 4 55

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Copying a File

1. To access the Copy menu, press File, Copy. This menu function brings up 2 directory

boxes as described by the From: and To: fields located directly above the boxes. Refer to

Figure 4-9.

Figure 4-8. Copy Menu

2. Put a formatted floppy in the A: drive.

3. Select the type of file you want to copy (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or

corrections). In this example you are copying a trace file from the C: drive to the A:

drive; press, Type, Trace.

4. Press Dir (in the key menu) to underline From:. Notice the From: field (just above the

top directory box) highlights the location from which you will be copying. Using the

navigation keys (Dir Up, Direct select, step keys, or front panel knob), locate the

C:\START\ directory.

5. Scroll to highlight the file displayed in the directory box from which you wish to copy. In

this example, you will need to highlight the file RENAME.

6. Press Dir (in the key menu) to underline To:. The To: field (just above the bottom

directory box) is highlighting the location to which you will be copying. Using the

navigation keys as described above, highlight the A:\ drive.

NOTE When pressing Dir (To), the file chosen in the From: location is no longer

highlighted, however the Name: field above the From directory box displays

the chosen file; in this example: RENAME.TRC.

56 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

NOTE Highlighting a filename in the To: directory box has no significance. The file

cannot be placed inside another file.

7. Press Copy Now to execute the operation. The message: “Copying file” is displayed

during the copying process. Upon completion, the status bar reads:

“C:\START\RENAME.TRC file copied”. You have now copied the file RENAME from the

C: drive to the A: drive.

Deleting a File

1. To access the Delete menu, press File, Delete.

2. Select the type of file you want to delete (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or

corrections). In this example, you are deleting a trace file; press Type, Trace.

3. Select the drive and directory where the file you wish to delete is located. In this

example, choose C:\START\. Use the navigation keys (Dir Up, Dir Select, step keys, front

panel knob) to highlight this location in the Path: field. (Refer to “Locating and viewing

files in the catalog” on page 45 for more instructions.)

4. Select the file you want to delete. In this example, choose the file RENAME.TRC. Move the

cursor with the navigation keys to highlight the file name.

5. Press Delete Now. The message: Deleting file pops up on the display during the

operation. Upon completion, the status bar reads: C:\START\RENAME.TRC file

deleted. Your file is now deleted and is no longer visible in the directory displayed on

your analyzer.

Chapter 4 57

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Using the Alpha Editor

The Alpha Editor enables you to select letters to enter a name for a file or directory (File,

Rename, for example).

1. Use the More keys to display the softkey that lists the character you want. Each softkey

has several characters on it.

2. When you press a softkey, its characters are displayed on individual softkeys.

3. Select the one you want.

58 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Using the Alpha Editor

5Options and Accessories

This chapter lists options and accessories available for your analyzer.

60 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Ordering Options and Accessories

Options and accessories help you configure the analyzer for your specific applications, and

enable you to use the analyzer.

Options (see page 61)

Unless specified otherwise, all options are available when you order a spectrum analyzer;

some options are also available as kits that you can order and install after you receive the

analyzer. Order kits through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office.

For the latest information on Agilent Spectrum Analyzer options and upgrade kits, visit

the following Internet URL:

http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades

Accessories (see page 66)

Order accessories through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office.

Chapter 5 61

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number Name Description

0B0 Manual Set on CD-ROM

Only The documentation CD-ROM contains the standard

documentation set as well as Adobe Acrobat Reader with Search.

0B1 Additional Manual Set An additional set of the standard documentation shipped with

the analyzer. See “Initial Inspection” on page 7 for information

about the standard documentation set.

0BW Service Documentation The Service guide describes assembly-level troubleshooting

procedures, provides a parts list, and documents post-repair

procedures.

1CM Rack Mount Kit Includes rack mount flanges and hardware. Used to rack mount

analyzers without front handles (available as P/N 5063-9215).

1CN Front Handle Kit Available as P/N 5063-9228.

1CP Rack Mount Kit with

Handles Includes the parts necessary to rack mount an analyzer with

front handles attached (available as P/N 5063-9222). (Includes

handles.)

1CR Rack Slide Kit Available as P/N E4406-60115. Rack slides allow the analyzer to

be pulled out while the analyzer is secured to the rack.

1DS Preamplifier An internal preamplifier assembly.

Frequency Range: 100 kHz to 3 GHz

122 80 MHz Bandwidth

Digitizer Adds an alternative 80 MHz wide IF path for making

measurements. Additional measurement accuracy can be

achieved using the External Calibration Wizard Option 235, or

with the 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer Application calibration.

The 80 MHz functionality is available as part of the added Basic

Mode. Basic Mode includs the measurements:

spectrum (frequency domain)

waveform (time domain)

123 Switchable Microwave

Preselector Bypass Allows you to bypass the tuned filter at the input of the spectrum

analyzer when making measurements in the 3 - 26.5 GHz range.

This improves the sensitivity and increases the available

measurement dynamic range. However it allows the analyzers

internal mixing products and image response signals to be

visible on the display, in addition to the actual desired signal

response.

62 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Options

124 Y-axis Video Output Provides a 0 to 1 V signal that corresponds to the bottom and top

of the display graticule, respectively. The output voltage tracks

the Y-axis position of the trace data while the analyzer is

sweeping. (This output is similar to the 8566B Video Out.)

202 GSM with EDGE

Measurement Personality General transmitter measurement:

transmit power

Provides GSM (GMSK modulation) transmitter measurements:

power vs. time

phase and frequency error

output RF spectrum

transmit band spurs

Provides EDGE (8PSK modulation) transmitter measurements:

EVM

power vs. time

output RF spectrum

transmit band spurs

Requires Option B7J hardware.

204 1xEV-DO Measurement

Personality Provides 1xEV transmitter measurements:

channel power

ACPR

intermodulation

spectrum emission mask

occupied BW

code domain power (pilot)

EVM (pilot)

QPSK EVM

power statistics CCDF

Requires Option B7J hardware.

210 HSDPA Measurement

Personality Provides High-Speed Downlink Packet Access to support 16

QAM and modulation accuracy. Requires Option BAF.

Requires Option B7J harware.

211 TD-SCDMA Measurement

Personality Measures the power profile of TD SCDMA BTS and MS.

Requires Option B7J hardware.

214 1xEV-DV Supports 8 PSK and 16 QAM modulation analysis. Requires

Option B78. Includes measurements:

Composite Rho

Code Domain tests

Requires Option B7J hardware.

219 Noise Figure Measurement

Personality Provides noise figure measurements:

Limit lines

Loss compensation

Extended frequency (measures up/down converters)

You need the preamp Option 1DS to have specified performance

below 3 GHz.

Option

Number Name Description

Chapter 5 63

Options and Accessories

Options

226 Phase Noise Measurement

Personality Provides phase noise measurements:

Monitor spectrum

Spot frequency

Log plot

233 License for N5531A

Measuring Receiver

Software

This option allows you to license your PSA to use the N5531A

Measuring Receiver Software. The software networks a power

meter with the PSA. The resulting system can be used as a

substitute for the HP 8902A measuring receiver.

235 80 MHz Digitizer External

Calibration Wizard and

License

This calibration software runs on an external PC to generate a

file of correction factors for PSAs with option 122. You get

improved measurement accuracy using this correction file.

241 Flexible Digital Modulation

Analysis Provides flexible demodulating analysis for measuring many

different formats of digital modulation, including:

MSK type 1 and type 2

EDGE

QPSK and offset QPSK

8PSK

BPSK

DQPSK and Pi/4 DQPSK

D8PSK

QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, 256

FSK 2, 4, 8 states

266 Programming Code

Compatibility Suite Lets you select one of three different modes that let you use a

limited set of 8566 Series, 8566B/8568B or 8590 Series

programming commands. These modes let you control the PSA

Series analyzers with code from other spectrum analyzer

families. When these modes are enabled, the instruments native

SCPI commands are disabled if the remote language selected is

not SCPI.

ANE Enhanced Memory Upgrade Replaces existing pc board providing additional memory for

storing optional measurement personalities.

AYZ External Mixing Provides the ability to use the HP/Agilent 11970 Series harmonic

mixers, and HP/Agilent 11974 preselected harmonic mixers with

the Agilent E4440A, E4446A, or E4448A analyzer to extend the

frequency range to 110 GHz. Operation to 325 GHz is also

possible with non-HP/Agilent mixers.

Option

Number Name Description

64 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Options

B78 cdma2000 Measurement

Personality Provides cdma2000 transmitter measurements:

channel power

ACPR

intermodulation

spectrum emission mask

occupied BW

code domain power

modulation accuracy (composite rho)

QPSK EVM

power statistics CCDF

Requires Option B7J hardware.

B7J Digital Demod Hardware Adds 1 dB step, electronic attenuator in addition to the existing

manual attenuator. This is required for the personality options:

BAC, BAE, BAF, B78, 202, 204. This option also adds the

functionality of Basic Mode, including the measurements:

spectrum (frequency domain)

waveform (time domain)

BAB APC 3.5 Input Connector Replaces the standard type-N female connector with an APC

3.5-mm male connector.

BAC cdmaOne Measurement

Personality Provides IS-95 and J-STD-008 transmitter measurements:

channel power

modulation accuracy (rho)

code domain power

ACPR

spur close

Requires Option B7J hardware.

BAE NADC/PDC Measurement

Personality Provides NADC transmitter measurements:

ACP

EVM (error vector magnitude)

Provides PDC transmitter measurements:

ACP

EVM (error vector magnitude)

occupied BW

Requires Option B7J hardware.

BAF W-CDMA Measurement

Personality Provides 3GPP W-CDMA transmitter measurements:

channel power

ACPR (ACLR)

intermodulation

multi carrier power

spectrum emission mask

occupied BW

code domain power

modulation accuracy (composite EVM)

QPSK EVM

power statistics CCDF

Requires Option B7J hareware.

Option

Number Name Description

Chapter 5 65

Options and Accessories

Options

UK6 Commercial Calibration

with Test Data aProvides the factory calibration test data and the standard

commercial calibration certificate at initial shipment.

W30 3-Year Warranty Service

Support aA total of 3 years of warranty service support. This adds a 2-year

service contract to the base analyzer 1-year warranty

W50 5-Year Warranty Service

Support aA total of 5 years of warranty service support. This adds a 4-year

service contract to the base analyzer 1-year warranty

a. Available only at time of purchase

Option

Number Name Description

66 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Accessories

A number of accessories are available from Agilent Technologies to help you configure your

analyzer for your specific applications. They can be ordered through your local Agilent

Sales and Service Office and are listed below.

50 Ohm/75 Ohm Minimum Loss Pad

The HP/Agilent 11852B is a low VSWR minimum loss pad that allows you to make

measurements on 75 Ohm devices using an analyzer with a 50 Ohm input. It is effective

over a frequency range of dc to 2 GHz.

75 Ohm Matching Transformer

The HP/Agilent 11694A allows you to make measurements in 75 Ohm systems using an

analyzer with a 50 Ohm input. It is effective over a frequency range of 3 to 500 MHz.

AC Probe

The Agilent 85024A high frequency probe performs in-circuit measurements without

adversely loading the circuit under test. The probe has an input capacitance of 0.7 pF

shunted by 1 MOhm of resistance and operates over a frequency range of 300 kHz to

3 GHz. High probe sensitivity and low distortion levels allow measurements to be made

while taking advantage of the full dynamic range of the spectrum analyzer.

AC Probe (Low Frequency)

The Agilent 41800A low frequency probe has a low input capacitance and a frequency

range of 5 Hz to 500 MHz.

Broadband Preamplifiers and Power Amplifiers

Preamplifiers and power amplifiers can be used with your spectrum analyzer to enhance

measurements of very low-level signals.

•The Agilent 8447D preamplifier provides a minimum of 25 dB gain from 100 kHz to

1.3 GHz.

The Agilent 87405A preamplifier provides a minimum of 22 dB gain from 10 MHz to

3 GHz. (Power is supplied by the probe power output of the analyzer.)

The Agilent 83006A preamplifier provides a minimum of 26 dB gain from 10 MHz to

26.5 GHz.

•The Agilent 85905A CATV 75 ohm preamplifier provides a minimum of 18 dB gain from

45 MHz to 1 GHz. (Power is supplied by the probe power output of the analyzer.)

•The 11909A low noise preamplifier provides a minimum of 32 dB gain from 9 kHz to

1 GHz and a typical noise figure of 1.8 dB.

Chapter 5 67

Options and Accessories

Accessories

GPIB Cable

For use with Option A4H. The Agilent 10833 Series GPIB cables interconnect GPIB

devices and are available in four different lengths (0.5 to 4 meters). GPIB cables are used

to connect controllers to a spectrum analyzer.

USB/GPIB Cable

For use with Option A4H. The Agilent 82357A USB/GPIB interface provides a direct

connection from the USB port on your laptop or desktop PC to GPIB instruments. It comes

with the SICL and VISA software for Windows® 98 (SE)/Me/2000/XP. Using VISA

software, your existing GPIB programs work immediately, without modification. The

82357A is a standard Plug and Play device and you can interface with up to 14 GPIB

instruments.

HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers

The 11970 Series harmonic mixers are available to extend the frequency range of

analyzers with Option AYZ (external mixing) up to 110 GHz. The following six models are

available:

Table 5-1.

HP/Agilent Model

Number Frequency Range

11970K 18.0 to 26.5 GHz

11970A 26.5 to 40.0 GHz

11970Q 33.0 to 50.0 GHz

11970U 40.0 to 60.0 GHz

11970V 50.0 to 75.0 GHz

11970W 75.0 to 110 GHz

68 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Accessories

HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers

11974 Series preselected millimeter mixers are available to extend the frequency range of

analyzers with Option AYZ (external mixing) up to 75 GHz. Preselection reduces mixer

overload from broadband signals, reduces radiation of local oscillator harmonics back to

the device under test, and reduces the level of image and multiple responses displayed.

The following four models are available:

RF and Transient Limiters

The Agilent 11867A and 11693A RF Limiters protect the analyzer input circuits from

damage due to high power levels. The 11867A operates over a frequency range of dc to

1800 MHz and begins reflecting signal levels over 1 mW up to 10 W average power and

100 watts peak power. The 11693A microwave limiter (0.1 to 12.4 GHz, usable to 18 GHz)

guards against input signals over 1 milliwatt up to 1 watt average power and 10 watts

peak power.

The Agilent 11947A Transient Limiter protects the analyzer input circuits from damage

due to signal transients. It specifically is needed for use with a line impedance

stabilization network (LISN). It operates over a frequency range of 9 kHz to 200 MHz, with

10 dB of insertion loss.

Static Safe Accessories

9300-0797 3M static control mat 0.6 m × 1.2 m (2 ft. × 4 ft.) with a 4.6 cm (15 ft.)

ground wire. Does not include wrist strap or cord

9300-1367 Wrist-strap, color black, stainless steel. Four adjustable links and a 7 mm

post-type connection.

9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft.)

9300-1308 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months)

Table 5-2.

HP/Agilent Model

Number Frequency Range

11974A 26.5 to 40.0 GHz

11974Q 33.0 to 50.0 GHz

11974U 40.0 to 60.0 GHz

11974V 50.0 to 75.0 GHz

6In Case of Difficulty

This chapter includes information on how to check for a problem with your Agilent

Technologies spectrum analyzer, and how to return it for service.

If you experience a problem or would like additional information about your analyzer,

Agilent Technologies’ worldwide organization is ready to provide the support you need.

70 Chapter 6

In Case of Difficulty

Before calling Agilent Technologies, however (or returning an analyzer for service),

perform the quick checks listed in “Check the Basics” on page 72. This check may eliminate

the problem.

If a problem persists, you may choose to:

•Repair the analyzer yourself. See “Service Options” on page 74.

•Return the analyzer to Agilent Technologies for repair. See “Returning an Analyzer for

Service” on page 76, for more information.

WARNING No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified

personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.

NOTE If the analyzer is still under warranty or is covered by a maintenance

contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or plan (the

warranty is located at the front of this manual).

If the analyzer is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent

Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the

cost of the repair after examining the analyzer.

Chapter 6 71

In Case of Difficulty

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages

The analyzer can generate various messages that appear on the display during operation.

For a complete list of spectrum analyzer messages, see the Instrument Messages and

Functional Tests manual. The following table describes the four types of spectrum

analyzer messages.

Table 6-1 Types of Messages

Type of Message Location Notes

Informational messages

typically provide verification

that an action has occurred. In

general, no user intervention is

required.

Bottom of the

display in the

status line (in

green on analyzers

with a color

display).

Messages will remain until the

message is cleared by pressing

Esc or Preset, or is overwritten

by another message.

Pop-up messages prompt you

to verify that an action will be

performed or tell you that an

action is currently being

performed.

Middle of the

display in a

framed box.

Message remains until you

acknowledge the prompt, or the

action is completed.

Status messages indicate a

condition that may result in

erroneous data being displayed.

Multiple status messages may

be displayed at the same time.

Right side of the

display and/or in

the SCPI Status

Most messages remain only

until the erroneous condition is

corrected.

User Error messages appear

when an attempt has been

made to set a parameter

incorrectly or an operation has

failed (such as saving a file).

Bottom of the

display in the

status line (in

yellow on

analyzers with a

color display) and

in the SCPI Error

Queue.

Messages remain until you

clear the error (press System,

Show Errors, Clear Error Queue),

or another message is displayed

in the status line.

Pressing the Esc or Preset keys

will clear error messages from

the display, but the messages

will remain in the error queue.

72 Chapter 6

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

Check the Basics

❏Is there power at the receptacle?

❏Make sure there is no disk in the front-panel disk drive.

❏Is the analyzer turned on? Check to see if the green LED above the power switch is on.

Also, listen for internal fan noise to determine if the analyzer cooling fans are running.

❏If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with your spectrum analyzer,

make sure they are connected properly and operating correctly.

❏Review the measurement procedures being performed when the problem first appeared.

Are all of the settings correct?

❏If the analyzer is not functioning as expected, return the analyzer to a known state by

pressing Preset, and Factory Preset (if displayed).

NOTE Some analyzer settings are not affected by a Preset. If you wish to reset the

analyzer configuration to the state it was in when it was originally sent from

the factory, press System, Power On/Preset, Preset Type, Factory. Then press the

green Preset key on the front panel.

❏Is the measurement being performed, and the results that are expected, within the

specifications and capabilities of the analyzer? Refer to the Specifications guide for your

analyzer.

❏If the analyzer is not communicating via the LAN connection, check for the presence of

blinking yellow LEDs on the rear panel LAN connector. If the Rx (receive) LED is not

blinking, check the LAN cable and LAN integrity.

NOTE The analyzer must be powered on with the LAN already connected in order to

recognize the LAN port.

❏To meet specifications, the analyzer must be aligned. Either the Auto Align (On) feature

must be selected (press System, Alignments, Auto Align, On), or the analyzer must be

manually aligned at least once every 24 hours, or whenever the temperature changes

more than 3°C. When Auto Align, On is selected, the AA screen annotation appears on

the left edge of the display.

Chapter 6 73

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

❏Perform an Alignment. Press System, Alignments, Align Now, All.

❏If the previously performed alignments did not resolve the problem, press System,

Alignments, Restore Align Defaults. Then press System, Alignments, Align All Now.

❏Is the analyzer displaying an error message? If so, refer to the Instrument Messages

and Functional Tests manual.

❏If the necessary equipment is available, perform the functional tests in the Instrument

Messages and Functional Tests document for your analyzer.

❏If the 10 MHz output is not functioning, verify that it is turned on by pressing System,

Reference, 10 MHz to select On.

TIP You can get automatic electronic notification of new firmware releases and

other product updates/information by subscribing to the Agilent Technologies

Test & Measurement E-Mail Notification Service for the PSA or ESA Series at

http://wwwdb.tm.agilent.com/cgi-bin/notification/user.pl

74 Chapter 6

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

Read the Warranty

The warranty for your analyzer is in the front of your Specifications Guide. Please read it

and become familiar with its terms.

If your analyzer is covered by a separate maintenance agreement, please be familiar with

its terms.

Service Options

Agilent Technologies offers several optional maintenance plans to service your analyzer

after the warranty has expired. Call your Agilent Technologies office for full details.

If you want to service the analyzer yourself after the warranty expires, you can purchase

the service documentation that provides all necessary test and maintenance information.

You can order the service documentation, Option 0BW (assembly level troubleshooting and

adjustment software) through your Agilent Technologies office.

Calling Agilent Technologies

Agilent Technologies has offices around the world to provide you with complete support for

your analyzer. To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the

nearest Agilent Technologies office listed in Table 6-2. on page 75. In any correspondence

or telephone conversations, refer to your analyzer by its product number, full serial

number, and firmware revision.

Press System, More (1 of 3), Show System, and the product number, serial number, and

firmware revision information will be displayed on your analyzer screen. A serial number

label is also attached to the rear panel of the analyzer.

Chapter 6 75

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

Table 6-2. Contacting Agilent Technologies

Online assistance: www.agilent.com/find/assist

United States

(tel) 1 800 452 4844 Latin America

(tel) (305) 269 7500

(fax) (305) 269 7599

New Zealand

(tel) 0 800 738 378

(fax) 64 4 495 8950

Canada

(tel) 1 877 894 4414

(fax) (905) 282-6495

Japan

(tel) (81) 426 56 7832

(fax) (81) 426 56 7840

Asia Pacific

(tel) (852) 3197 7777

(fax) (852) 2506 9284

Europe

(tel) (31 20) 547 2323

(fax) (31 20) 547 2390

Australia

(tel) 1 800 629 485

(fax) (61 3) 9210 5947

76 Chapter 6

In Case of Difficulty

Returning an Analyzer for Service

Service Tag

When you are returning an analyzer to Agilent Technologies for service, fill out and attach

one of the blue service tags provided at the end of this chapter. Please be as specific as

possible about the problem. If you have recorded any error messages that appeared on the

display, have completed a functional test, or have any other specific data on the

performance of your analyzer, please include a copy of this information.

Original Packaging

Before shipping, pack the unit in the original factory packaging materials if they are

available. If the original materials were not retained, see "Other Packaging" (below).

NOTE Install the transportation disk into the floppy drive to reduce the possibility

of damage during transportation. If the original transportation disk is not

available, a blank floppy may be substituted.

Other Packaging

CAUTION Analyzer damage can result from using packaging materials other than those

specified. Never use styrene pellets in any shape as packaging materials.

They do not adequately cushion the equipment or prevent it from shifting in

the carton. They cause equipment damage by generating static electricity and

by lodging in the analyzer louvers, blocking airflow.

You can repackage the analyzer with commercially available materials, as follows:

1. Attach a completed service tag to the analyzer.

2. Install the transportation disk or a blank floppy disk into the disk drive.

3. Wrap the analyzer in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage caused by

electrostatic discharge.

4. Use a strong shipping container. The carton must be both large enough and strong

enough to accommodate the analyzer. A double-walled, corrugated cardboard carton

with 159 kg (350 lb) bursting strength is adequate. Allow at least 3 to 4 inches on all

sides of the analyzer for packing material.

Chapter 6 77

In Case of Difficulty

Returning an Analyzer for Service

5. Surround the equipment with three to four inches of packing material and prevent the

equipment from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best

alternative is S.D.-240 Air Cap™ from Sealed Air Corporation (Hayward, California,

94545). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with 1-1/4 inch air bubbles. Use the

pink-colored Air Cap to reduce static electricity. Wrapping the equipment several times

in this material should both protect the equipment and prevent it from moving in the

carton.

6. Seal the shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive tape.

7. Mark the shipping container “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE” to assure careful

handling.

8. Retain copies of all shipping papers.

78 Chapter 6

In Case of Difficulty

Returning an Analyzer for Service

Index

Index-79

Numerics

10 MHz reference, turning on, 37

50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss

pad, 66

75 ohm matching transformer, 66

AC probe, 66

Accessories, 66

accessories

50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss

pad, 66

75 ohm matching transformer,

AC probe, 66

broadband preamplifiers, 66

GPIB cable, 67

harmonic mixers, 67

preselected millimeter mixers,

RF limiters, 68

transient limiters, 68

active function, 29

address, IP, 14

Agilent Technologies, calling, 74

alignments, internal, 16

alpha editor, using, 57

amplifiers, 66

annotations, display, 24

application information, 2

arrow keys, using, 35

battery information, 12

broadband preamplifiers, 66

cable

GPIB, 67

Catalog Menu, 46

catalogs

definition, 44

naming, 57

clock, battery, 12

connectivity

tools, 7

connectors, front panel, 22

copy files, 55

data, entering from front panel,

DC probes

use of, 66

delete files, 56

Dir Select key, 47

Dir Up key, 47

directories, definition, 44

Hp E4440A Users Manual Getting Started Guide

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