Hp Webqos Software Administrators Guide

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HP WebQoS Administration Guide
Edition 4

E0801

U.S.A.
© Copyright 2001, Hewlett-Packard Company.

Legal Notices
The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited
to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall
not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential
damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Warranty. A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett- Packard product and
replacement parts can be obtained from your local Sales and Service Office.
Restricted Rights Legend. Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to
restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013.
HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY
3000 Hanover Street
Palo Alto, California 94304 U.S.A.
Rights for non-DOD U.S. Government Departments and Agencies are as set forth in FAR
52.227-19(c)(1,2).
Copyright Notices. ©copyright 1999-01 Hewlett-Packard Company.
©copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985-93 Regents of the University of California
This software is based in part on the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution under license from the
Regents of the University of California.
©copyright 1980, 1984, 1986 Novell, Inc.
©copyright 1986-1992 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
©copyright 1985-86, 1988 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
©copyright 1989-93 The Open Software Foundation, Inc.
©copyright 1986 Digital Equipment Corporation.
©copyright 1990 Motorola, Inc.
©copyright 1990, 1991, 1992 Cornell University
©copyright 1989-1991 The University of Maryland
©copyright 1988 Carnegie Mellon University
Trademark Notices.UNIX® is a registered trademark of the Open Group.

X Window System is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
OSF/Motif is a trademark of the Open Software Foundation in the U.S. and other countries.
Java™ is a U.S. trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
MS-DOS®, Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation.

Contents
1. Understanding HP WebQoS
The Role and Benefits of HP WebQoS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WebQoS Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Request Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Capacity Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLOs, Thresholds, and Corrective Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How WebQoS Fits Into Your Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WebQoS Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12
14
14
14
14
15
15
17
18

2. Setup
WebQoS Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WebQoS Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
qos.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCA and Web Server Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Web Server Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCA Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCO Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging and Tracing Parameters (UNIX Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
URL Encoding Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restarting Individual WebQoS Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restarting WebQoS Components (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restarting WebQoS Components (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Single Server Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple Server Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Server 1 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Servers 2 and 4 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Server 3 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing WebQoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22
22
23
23
23
26
27
28
29
30
30
30
30
31
33
34
35
36
37

3. The Management Console
Management Console Login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Console Main Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Services/Systems View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Console Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40
41
43
43
44

Contents
Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Domain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4. Templates
Preconfigured and Default Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preconfigured Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Default Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
URL Group Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add/Edit SLOs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Redirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Site Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classification Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add/Edit Classification Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add/Edit SLOs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Threshold Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add/Edit Threshold Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Session Timeouts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Web Server Accept Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corrective Action Policy Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Site Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
52
53
55
56
57
58
59
59
60
61
62
63
65
66
68
69
70
70
74

5. Services, Sites, and Systems
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Add a Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Edit a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Contents
Move a Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delete a Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edit a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Move a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delete a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Microsoft IIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting and Stopping IIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iPlanet Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delete a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78
79
80
80
80
80
81
81
81
81
82
82
82

6. Statistics
Service Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service SLO Related Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Session Control Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Defer Related Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Site Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Site SLO Related Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Site Session Control Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

86
86
88
89
90
91
92

7. Logs and Filters
SLOs, Thresholds, and the History Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
The Service Level Objectives View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
The History Log View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
SLO and Threshold Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
History Log Filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
OpenView Logs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Service and Site Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Site Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Policy and Corrective Action Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

8. Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting on UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Shared Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Management Console Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Contents
Error Logging and Tracing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Measurement Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statistics Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing Logging and Tracing Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Troubleshooting on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Problems with Shared Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resetting the Management Console Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Messages Viewable From the Management Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging and Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changing Logging and Tracing Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting WebQoS Log and Trace Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111
112
112
112
112
112
114
114
114
115
116
116
116
116
117

A. Policy and Rule Descriptions
Request Classification Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Policies Set in WebQoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Level Objectives for Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Level Objectives for the Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Threshold Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corrective Actions for SLO and Threshold Policy Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing the Defer and Reject Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120
122
122
123
124
124
125

B. External Measurement API
Using the External Measurement API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wqCreateConnection() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synopsis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Return Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wqSendMeasurement() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synopsis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Return Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wqCloseConnection() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Synopsis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arguments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Return Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sample Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Contents

Printing History
The manual printing date and part number indicate its current edition.
The printing date will change when a new edition is printed. Minor
changes may be made at reprint without changing the printing date. The
manual part number will change when extensive changes are made.
Manual updates may be issued between editions to correct errors or
document product changes. To ensure that you receive the updated or
new editions, you should subscribe to the appropriate product support
service. See your HP sales representative for details.
First Edition: August 2001

Understanding HP WebQoS
This chapter explains the roles and benefits of HP WebQoS and how it
fits into your environment. It also describes fundamental WebQoS
concepts to help you understand how WebQoS technology works.

Chapter 1

Understanding HP WebQoS
The Role and Benefits of HP WebQoS

The Role and Benefits of HP WebQoS
HP WebQoS is an enhancement to your operating environment that
stabilizes, optimizes, and prioritizes Internet-related applications and
transactions that run on Windows 2000 and NT servers (Windows) and
SPARC1 servers (Solaris1 operating environment). HP WebQoS works
with web-enabled applications built on top of the iPlanet Web Server1
version 4.1 (UNIX®) and Microsoft® IIS2 (Internet Information Server)
version 4.0 (Windows NT) and version 5.0 (Windows 2000).
HP WebQoS enables you to use your resources efficiently to deliver
predictable and differentiated service levels for your web-based
applications, based on the type of customer or transaction. It allows you
to determine these service levels based on business policies.
Although the Internet represents significant opportunities for expanding
your business, the following risks may hamper your ability to deliver
web-based services to customers and partners reliably:
• Unpredictable and possibly fluctuating demand for services.
Because the Internet offers instantaneous access to your site,
promotional, seasonal, or current events may instigate sudden and
immediate interest in your services. Although the additional interest
and business may be welcome, your server may not be able to handle
the load if significant numbers of clients come all at one time. Or if
you are a service provider hosting multiple sites on one server, you
should make sure that the demands of one site do not restrict use by
other sites on the same server.
• Heavier than expected system processing per user request.
The actual workloads exhibited by each visitor to your site may not
align with the workload models you generated during the capacity
planning stage. Perhaps users are performing far more searches than
you anticipated or are spending a lot more time performing compute
intensive operations while at your site.

1. SPARC, Solaris, and the iPlanet Web Server are products of Sun
Microsystems, Inc.
2. Microsoft IIS is a product of Microsoft Corporation.
12

Chapter 1

Understanding HP WebQoS
The Role and Benefits of HP WebQoS

• All requests are treated the same.
During overload conditions, all user requests and all transactions are
impacted. Even your most important customers who are trying to
access their accounts to make purchases, or sales representatives who
are trying to make a sale at the end of the month, are at the mercy of
Web surfers.
Each of the above conditions can cause increased load at your site or may
impede your ability to deliver your services at optimum levels.
By configuring WebQoS based on the type of services offered and traffic
experienced at your site, you ensure that important web-based
transactions are handled optimally in order to maximize revenue and
customer satisfaction.
Key capabilities and benefits of WebQoS allow you to do the following:
• Stabilize the system during server overload situations.
When the server is at capacity, WebQoS works to alleviate the load
and improve the performance. For more information, refer to
“Capacity Protection” on page 15.
• Prioritize client requests to the server system.
WebQoS allows you to provide differentiating service to different
types of client requests by prioritizing requests submitted to the site.
For more information, refer to “Request Classifications” on page 14.
• Establish rules for the classification of service requests from users.
WebQoS fulfills high priority service requests with optimum
performance while lower priority service requests are handled in
accordance with your instructions. For more information, refer to
“Request Classifications” on page 14.

Chapter 1

Understanding HP WebQoS
The Role and Benefits of HP WebQoS

WebQoS Concepts
This section describes fundamental WebQoS concepts and capabilities.
Understanding these concepts is necessary before you can understand
how WebQoS technology works.
Service
A service refers to something of value that a business is offering to other
businesses or consumers. For example, a business may provide email,
messaging, documentation publishing, cataloging, and Electronic
Commerce services. A WebQoS service is a way to logically group web
sites related to a business application that you offer to customers or
partners.
Request Classifications
Request classifications determine access priority for requests submitted
to a web site. They enable you to give preferential treatment to your
most important customers or transactions, allowing you to meet formal
or informal service level agreements.
WebQoS request classifications differentiate requests as they enter the
server system by dividing requests into categories based on application,
client or destination IP addresses, destination port number, and URL
document paths. These request classifications can be assigned different
priority levels.
WebQoS supports three request classification priority levels: high,
medium, and low. During periods of heavy system load high priority
requests can be given preferred access to the server and low priority
requests can be redirected or rejected. If a request is accepted, it is
scheduled based on its request classification priority. Based on your
configured policies, the request might be immediately processed, or it
may wait while higher priority requests are processed first.
Sessions
A session is composed of one or more requests to a web site from the
same user. These requests may arrive over one, or over several
connections. Once a session has been granted access to a web site, a
user's remaining requests are guaranteed to be forwarded to the web
server, unless the session times out.
Under periods of heavy system load, new sessions may not be granted.

Chapter 1

Understanding HP WebQoS
The Role and Benefits of HP WebQoS
This is controlled by the WebQoS policies. When new sessions are
rejected, redirected, or deferred, existing sessions continue
uninterrupted. User request prioritization and session management are
the primary tools used by WebQoS to provide capacity protection. The
network manager is responsible for updating the timers that define a
session, and for establishing the policies that control if the session is
admitted.
Capacity Protection
Capacity Protection prevents system overload with prioritization and
admission control. This minimizes the impact of unexpected surges in
demand while maximizing the volume of completed transactions.
Capacity Protection makes sure that performance levels for active
customers and their currently running transactions are not
compromised. New user requests are not admitted to a site unless their
transactions can be completed quickly.
Capacity is assessed by service level objectives and thresholds.
Protection is provided by corrective actions.
SLOs, Thresholds, and Corrective Actions
To ensure that your business policies are reflected in your Web
applications, they need to be translated into service level objectives
(SLOs) and thresholds. SLOs are business-oriented policies and
thresholds are operations-oriented policies. When an SLO or threshold is
violated, a configured corrective action is performed.
SLOs WebQoS has the following types of business-oriented SLOs:
• Capacity - Maximum number of concurrent sessions supportable with
acceptable performance. Typically coupled with a response time SLO
or performance threshold.
• Response times - A key component of customer satisfaction.
Measured from the time a request enters the server to the time a
response is sent back.
• External measurement - Measurements collected from external
sources can be used to determine corrective actions.
Thresholds WebQoS uses an operations-oriented load threshold to
keep your system operating properly during times of peak load. System
load is assessed as a function of CPU (central processing unit) usage.

Chapter 1

Understanding HP WebQoS
The Role and Benefits of HP WebQoS
Corrective Actions Corrective actions help bring the violated SLO or
threshold into compliance. You configure and prioritize corrective
actions, which are executed when a violation occurs.
There are three types of corrective actions:
• Redirect requests to another system.
• Defer requests for a few moments until current sessions are
completed.
• Reject low priority customers in extreme overload conditions.

Chapter 1

Understanding HP WebQoS
How WebQoS Fits Into Your Environment

How WebQoS Fits Into Your Environment
WebQoS works with your web server and application servers for all of
your web-enabled applications. Refer to Figure 1-1, "WebQoS in Your
Environment".
Figure 1-1

WebQoS in Your Environment

To ensure acceptable web-based interactions between you and your
customers, all parts of your web environment (client, network, web
server, and application server which includes an application) must work
together efficiently and effectively. The network alone cannot deliver
acceptable service levels if the server is creating delays due to excessive
demand or component failures. The server alone cannot deliver
acceptable service levels if the network is exhibiting bottlenecks.
The following describes briefly the function of each part of the
environment:
• The client identifies itself and initiates requests.
• The network distinguishes class priorities and routes priority packets
efficiently while delivering best effort service to lower priority
packets.
• The web server distinguishes WebQoS request priorities and resource
management policies to ensure high priority service requests are
processed quickly.
• The application server contains an application with the processing
rules that enables service requests to be classified and handled by the
server and network.

Chapter 1

Understanding HP WebQoS
How WebQoS Fits Into Your Environment

WebQoS Components
WebQoS comprises a number of components that perform priority-based
resource management and service request handling (see Table 1-2,
WebQoS Components). In addition, management components allow you
to configure WebQoS for the systems on which it is installed as well as
define the SLOs and threshold policies that are important to your
business.
Note that not all components are required on every WebQoS-enabled
system but at least one of each component must exist in a WebQoS
domain. Refer to the HP WebQoS release note for more detailed
information.
Figure 1-2

WebQoS Components

Chapter 1

Understanding HP WebQoS
How WebQoS Fits Into Your Environment

Component

Installed On

Description

Management
Console

Any Windows
NT/95/98/00 system.
Can be installed on
multiple PCs.

Allows you to define performance objectives
for the components of the service and to
monitor performance levels and SLOs.

Database

Any system*.

Stores configuration and event information,
statistics, and component status. Resides on
only one system in your WebQoS domain.

SCA (Service
Control Agent) or
Web Services

Any system* running
a web server that is
managed by
WebQoS.

Monitors site level SLOs, classifies user
requests, collects performance information,
and performs corrective actions. Resides on
at least one system in your WebQoS domain.

SCI (Service
Control Interface)
or
Communications

Any system*.

Receives configuration information from the
management console and API and monitors
the SCO and SCA(s). Resides on at least one
system in your WebQoS domain.

SCO (Service
Control Operator)
or Management
Server

Any system*.

Monitors service level SLOs. Resides on
only one system in your WebQoS domain.

*If

you are running WebQoS on Windows 2000 or NT 4.0, any system is
any Windows 2000 or NT 4.0 server or any Advanced Server system.
If you are running WebQoS on the Solaris operating environment, any
system is any SPARC server running Solaris 8.

Chapter 1

Understanding HP WebQoS
How WebQoS Fits Into Your Environment

Chapter 1

Setup
This chapter covers the initial steps you must complete before
configuring policies and rules using WebQoS. Complete the following
steps:

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS Software Installation
1. Install the WebQoS software.
2. Modify the WebQoS configuration files.
3. Run the WebQoS setup script and start your web server(s) (UNIX).

WebQoS Software Installation
Information about installing, upgrading, and removing WebQoS and its
management console can be found in the HP WebQoS release note.
On a Windows system, the Microsoft IIS software should be installed,
configured, and running on the web server system before WebQoS is
installed.
See “Microsoft IIS” on page 81 for more information about using
Microsoft IIS with WebQoS.

NOTE

In this manual, the location where the WebQoS program files are
installed for Windows is referred to as . The
default installation directory is
C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HPWebQoS.

WebQoS Configuration Files
The following configuration file can be modified before starting WebQoS:
• qos.conf - WebQoS global configuration file.

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS Configuration Files

qos.conf
qos.conf is the WebQoS global configuration file. In UNIX, this file is
located in the /etc/opt/webqos directory. In Windows, this file is
located in .
On a UNIX system, configure qos.conf before running the WebQoS
setup script. If you update qos.conf after running the setup script,
individual components (for example, the web server, SCA, SCI, and/or
SCO) must be restarted for any changes to take effect (see “Restarting
WebQoS Components (UNIX)” on page 30).
On a Windows system, if you update qos.conf, individual components
(for example, the web server, SCA, SCI, and/or SCO) must be restarted
for any changes to take effect (see “Restarting WebQoS Components
(Windows)” on page 30).
The following parameters can be set:
SCA and Web Server Parameter
The following parameter affects the SCA and web server. If you change
this parameter, you must restart the SCA and web server.
• MeasurementInterval (seconds)
Default: 30
Range: 5 - 43200 (12 hours)
How often, in seconds, WebQoS collects performance measurements.
The MeasurementInterval must be an even multiple of the
MonitorInterval.
If Site Statistics Logging is enabled from the management console,
this parameter also specifies the interval at which the SCA generates
site statistics.
Web Server Parameters
The following parameters affect the web server. If you change any of
these parameters, you must restart the web server.
• EXCLUDE_FILE_EXTNS
Default: gif jpeg jpg
Range: Up to 10 extensions can be specified. Each extension can be up
to 10 characters.

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS Configuration Files
Extensions of file types that are typically embedded in a requested
page and should not be considered new sessions. Any policies or rules
should not be applied to them. For example, gif, jpeg, and jpg are
graphic files that are typically embedded in a requested page. A
separate request is generated for each of these files but these requests
should not be considered new sessions. Also, any policies and/or rules
configured are applied only to the requested page, not to these
embedded files.
• HTTPVersion
Default: HTTP/1.1
• KeepDeferringAfterMaxDeferTime
Default: TRUE
Range: TRUE or FALSE
Based on the calculated defer time and the maximum defer time
configured in the Defer Corrective Actions screen (default
maximum defer time is 120 seconds). If the calculated defer time is
greater than the maximum defer time and this parameter is set to
TRUE, new sessions are deferred. If the parameter is set to FALSE,
new sessions are re-evaluated (in accordance with the configured
corrective actions).
• MonitorCPUWeight (%)
Default: 20
Range: 1 - 100
Percentage of the current CPU utilization (pstat is used to determine
current CPU utilization) used to calculate the weighted CPU
utilization. The weighted CPU utilization is based on the current and
previous (last measured) CPU utilization:
weighted CPU% = (MonitorCPUWeight% * current CPU) +
[(100 - MonitorCPUWeight)% * previous CPU]
For example, if you set the MonitorCPUWeight to 20, the current
CPU utilization is 60, and the previous CPU utilization is 50, the
weighted CPU utilization is (20% * 60) + [(100 - 20)% * 50] or 52%.
If you want to monitor the current CPU utilization only, set this
parameter to 100.
The MonitorInterval parameter determines how often the weighted
CPU utilization is calculated (default is every 5 seconds).

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS Configuration Files
• MonitorInterval (seconds)
Default: 5
Range: 1 - 43200 (12 hours)
How often, in seconds, threshold policies are monitored.
• MonitorResponseTimeWeight (%)
Default: 50
Range: 1 - 100
Percentage of the current response time used to calculate the
weighted response time. The weighted response time is based on the
current and previous (last measured) response time:
weighted response = (MonitorResponseTimeWeight% * current
response time) + [(100 - MonitorResponseTimeWeight)% * previous
response time]
For example, if you set the MonitorResponseTimeWeight to 20, the
current response time is 3 seconds, and the previous response time is
2 seconds, the weighted response time is (20% * 3) + [(100 - 20)% * 2]
or 2.2 seconds.
If you want to monitor the current response time only, set this
parameter to 100.
The MonitorInterval parameter determines how often the weighted
response time is calculated (default is every 5 seconds).
• NumOfDeferredSessionsPerSecond
Default: 1
The number of deferred sessions that have the same deferral time
allocated to them. The default minimum deferral time is 10 seconds
and the default maximum deferral time is 120 seconds.
For example, if you set this parameter to 1 and three requests arrive
at the same time, the first deferred session is allocated a deferral time
of 10 seconds, the second deferred session is allocated a deferral time
of 11 seconds, and the third deferred session is allocated a deferral
time of 12 seconds. If you set the parameter to 2 and three requests
arrive at the same time, the first and second deferred sessions are
allocated a deferral time of 10 seconds and the third deferred session
is allocated a deferral time of 11 seconds.
The default minimum and maximum deferral times (also called wait

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS Configuration Files
times) can be configured for a template by selecting the Advanced tab
and then Corrective Actions Policy Details.
SCA Parameters
The following parameters affect the SCA only. If you change any of these
parameters, you must restart the SCA.
These parameters impact measurement log files. In UNIX, the
measurement log files are located in the /var/opt/webqos/measures
directory. In Windows, these files are located in the
\measures directory.
• LogInterval (minutes)
Default: 30
Range: >=1
How often, in minutes, WebQoS logs measurements to a log file. The
LogOn parameter must be enabled (set to 1) before WebQoS logs
measurements to the log file.
• LogOn
Default: 0 (disabled)
Range: 0 (disabled) or 1 (enabled)
Enable or disable measurement logging. To enable measurement
logging, set this parameter to 1. To disable measurement logging, set
this parameter to 0.
WebQoS creates a new measurement log file daily for each WebQoS
site. The measurement log file name is the site name you entered in
the management console followed by the date. The log file contains
performance measurements collected during the day for the site
including:
— Average response time for each request class
— Number of new, redirected, deferred, and rejected sessions for each
request class
• SaveFiles
Default: 0 (disabled)
Range: 0 (disabled) or 1 (enabled)
Enable or disable saving measurement log files. If enabled, all
measurement log files are saved. If disabled, measurement log files
26

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS Configuration Files
more than two days old are deleted.
SCO Parameters
The following parameters affect the SCO only. If you change any of these
parameters, you must restart the SCO.
• HistoryEventDays (days)
Default: 7
Range: 1 - 365
How many days of history events to save. At midnight, history events
older than the specified age are deleted.
• SCOLogExternMeas
Default: 0 (disabled)
Range: 0 (disabled) or 1 (enabled)
Enable or disable external measurement logging.
The SCOLogInterval parameter determines how often the SCO
writes external measurement data to a log file.
In UNIX, the external measurement log files are located in the
/var/opt/webqos/stats directory. In Windows, these files are
located in the \stats directory.
• SCOLogInterval (minutes)
Default: 5
Range: 1 - 1440 (24 hours)
How often, in minutes, WebQoS logs aggregate service statistics to a
service statistics log file. Service statistics logging must be enabled
using the management console before aggregate service statistics are
logged. See “Service Statistics” on page 50 for a list of the logged
aggregate statistics.
In UNIX, the service statistics log file is located in the
/var/opt/webqos/stats directory. In Windows, these files are
located in the \stats directory.
• ServiceSLOInterval (seconds)
Default: 30
Range: 5 - 43200 (12 hours)
How often, in seconds, the SCO monitors the service level SLOs.
Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS Configuration Files
Logging and Tracing Parameters (UNIX Only)
Refer to “Changing Logging and Tracing Levels” on page 116 for
information on how to change these levels on your Windows server.
The following parameters affect the amount of information written to the
logging and tracing files. Logging and tracing is dynamically updated for
the web server (information written to qoslog, qoslog.child,
qostrace, and qostrace.child). However, you must restart the SCA,
SCI, and SCO for changes to affect logging and tracing for WebQoS
components. You can control logging and tracing levels by component by
restarting specific components. For example, if you change the LOGLEVEL
from 3 to 4 but only restart the SCO, detailed logging only occurs for the
SCO. If you do not restart the SCA and SCI, the logging level remains at
level 3.
• LOGLEVEL
Default: 3 (informative logging)
Range: 0 - 4
The amount of logging information that is written to the qoslog,
qoslog.child, scalog, scilog, and scolog log files. Logging values
are:
0 - None
1 - Error
2 - Warning
3 - Informative
4 - Detailed
The larger the value, the more logging information is generated.
The log files are located in the /var/opt/webqos/logs directory.
• TRACELEVEL
Default: 0 (no tracing)
Range: 0 - 3
The amount of tracing information that is written to the qostrace,
qostrace.child, scatrace, scitrace, and scotrace files. Tracing
values are:
0 - None
1 - Data flow
2 - Detailed
3 - Procedural
28

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS Configuration Files
The larger the value, the more tracing information is logged.
The trace files are located in the /var/opt/webqos/logs directory.
URL Encoding Parameters
The following parameters allow you to support users who have disabled
cookies on their browser. These parameters are useful only if you are
using an application server such as the BroadVision One-To-One
Server1. If you change any of these parameters, you must restart the
SCA.
• APP_SESS_ENABLE_URL_ENCODING
Default: 0 (disabled)
Range: 0 (disabled), 1 (enabled), or 3 (dynamic enable)
Enable or disable URL encoding. If disabled, cookies are used to pass
state information and users who have disabled cookies are not
supported. If enabled, URLs are encoded to pass state information,
users who have disabled cookies are supported, but the aggregate
session count SLO is not useful. If set to 3, the application server you
are using allows dynamic switching between cookies and URL
encoding.
• APP_SESSION_ID_STR
No default.
The application server session identifier. How the application server
uniquely identifies its sessions. For example, BroadVision uses the
identifier BV_SessionID, so you would enter APP_SESSIONS_ID_STR
BV_SessionID in the qos.conf file.
You must enable APP_SESS_ENABLE_URL_ENCODING to use this
parameter.

1. The BroadVision One-To-One Server is a product of BroadVision,
Inc.
Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)

Restarting Individual WebQoS Components
In UNIX, if you have configured parameters in the qos.conf file after
you have run the WebQoS setup script, you must restart (by stopping
and starting) specific components (the SCA, SCI, and/or SCO).
In Windows, if you have configured parameters in the qos.conf file, you
must restart specific components (the SCA, SCI, and/or SCO).
Restarting WebQoS Components (UNIX)
To restart the SCA, type the following:
/opt/webqos/bin/sca_stop
/opt/webqos/bin/sca_start
To restart the SCI, type the following:
/opt/webqos/bin/sci_stop
/opt/webqos/bin/sci_start
To restart the SCO, type the following:
/opt/webqos/bin/sco_stop
/opt/webqos/bin/sco_start
Restarting WebQoS Components (Windows)
On a Windows NT system, to restart a WebQoS component, go to the
Control Panel and select Services. Highlight the component you want to
restart (WebQoS SCA, WebQoS SCI, or WebQoS SCO), click on the Stop
button and then the Start button.
On a Windows 2000 system, to restart a WebQoS component, click on
Start -> Programs -> Administrative Tools -> Services.
Double-Click on the component you want to restart (WebQoS SCA,
WebQoS SCI, or WebQoS SCO).

WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)
This utility enables and disables the WebQoS daemons and “qosifies”
your web server. You run it after your web server is installed and after
WebQoS is installed on systems running any WebQoS component or if
30

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)
you add a new instance of a web server to your “qosified” web server.
Run the following script on any UNIX server you are using as an
application tier or a web server tier for WebQoS:
/opt/webqos/bin/setup

Single Server Setup
In a single server setup, you are using only one server in your WebQoS
domain.

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)
When you run the setup script, provide the following information:
• Continue?
Enter y or hit Enter to continue. If you do not want to run WebQoS or
read the software license terms, enter n to exit the script now.
• Do you accept the HP Software License Terms?
If you accept the software license terms and want to continue running
the setup script, enter y. Otherwise, enter n to exit the script.
• Would you like to create the WebQoS database on this
system?
You must create a database in your WebQoS domain in order to
configure and manage your WebQoS-enabled web servers.
Enter y or hit Enter to create the WebQoS database.
• Enter a database password:
Re-enter the password:
Enter a password for the WebQoS database. This password is not
recoverable. If you forget this password, you must recreate the
database.
• Enter a password:
Re-enter the password:
Enter a password for the WebQoS management console. There is one
password for all management consoles in a WebQoS domain. The
management console is used to configure policies and rules.
• Would you like to enable the SCO?
You must enable one SCO in your WebQoS domain in order to
monitor service level SLOs.
Enter y or hit Enter to enable the SCO.
• Would you like to enable the SCI?
You must enable one SCI in your WebQoS domain in order to run the
management console and the API.
Enter y or hit Enter to enable the SCI.
• Root pathname of Netscape server.
This is the path to the web server you want to manage on this system.
The setup script installs WebQoS for all the web servers operating
32

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)
under the directory you specify.
After the script finishes, start your web server(s).

Multiple Server Setup
In a multiple server setup, you are using more than one server in your
WebQoS domain.

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)
Server 1 Setup
On server 1, you are creating the database and enabling the SCO and
SCI. When you run the setup script on server 1, you must provide the
following information:
• Continue?
Enter y or hit Enter to continue. If you do not want to run WebQoS or
read the software license terms, enter n to exit the script now.
• Do you accept the HP Software License Terms?
If you accept the software license terms and want to continue running
the setup script, enter y. Otherwise, enter n to exit the script.
• Would you like to create the WebQoS database on this
system?
You must create one database in your WebQoS domain in order to
configure and manage your WebQoS-enabled web servers. The
database is created on this server.
Enter y or hit Enter to create the WebQoS database.
• Enter a database password:
Re-enter the password:
Enter a password for the WebQoS database. This password is not
recoverable. If you forget this password, you must recreate the
database.
• Enter a password:
Re-enter the password:
Enter a password for the WebQoS management console. There is one
password for all management consoles in a WebQoS domain. The
management console is used to configure policies and rules.
• Would you like to enable the SCO?
You must enable one SCO in your WebQoS domain in order to
monitor service level SLOs. The SCO is running on this server.
Enter y or hit Enter to enable the SCO.
• Would you like to enable the SCI?
You must enable one SCI in your WebQoS domain in order to run the
management console and the API. You are running the SCI on this

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)
server.
Enter y or hit Enter to enable the SCI.
• Root pathname of Netscape server.
Enter NONE. You do not want to configure any web servers.
Servers 2 and 4 Setup
On servers 2 and 4, you are running the web servers. You must identify
server 1 as the system on which the database is running. When you run
the setup script on servers 2 and 4, you must provide the following
information:
• Continue?
Enter y or hit Enter to continue. If you do not want to run WebQoS or
read the software license terms, enter n to exit the script now.
• Do you accept the HP Software License Terms?
If you accept the software license terms and want to continue running
the setup script, enter y. Otherwise, enter n to exit the script.
• Would you like to create the WebQoS database on this
system?
Enter n. The database has been created on server 1.
• Please configure the name of the system where the database
runs.
Enter the name of server 1.
• Enter the database password:
Enter the password for the WebQoS database on server 1. If you have
forgotten the password, you must recreate the database.
• Would you like to enable the SCO?
Enter n. You are not running the SCO on this server.
• Would you like to enable the SCI?
Enter n. You are not running the SCI on this server.
• Root pathname of Netscape server.
Enter the path to the web server you are managing on this system.
The setup script installs WebQoS for all the web servers operating
Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)
under the directory you specify.
After the script finishes, start your web server(s).
Server 3 Setup
On server3, you are running the SCI. You must identify server 1 as the
system on which the database is running. When you run the setup script
on server 3, you must provide the following information:
• Continue?
Enter y or hit Enter to continue. If you do not want to run WebQoS or
read the software license terms, enter n to exit the script now.
• Do you accept the HP Software License Terms?
If you accept the software license terms and want to continue running
the setup script, enter y. Otherwise, enter n to exit the script.
• Would you like to create the WebQoS database on this
system?
Enter n. The database has been created on server 1.
• Please configure the name of the system where the database
runs.
Enter the name of server 1.
• Enter the database password:
Enter the password for the WebQoS database on server 1. If you have
forgotten the password, you must recreate the database.
• Would you like to enable the SCO?
Enter n. You are not running the SCO on this server.
• Would you like to enable the SCI?
Enter y. You are running the SCI on this server.
• Root pathname of Netscape server.
Enter NONE. You do not want to configure any web servers.
Note that you were not asked to enter a management console password.
The password was configured when you ran the setup script on server 1
and stored in the database.

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)

Removing WebQoS
If you want to “unqosify” (not use WebQoS with) your web server, run the
following command.
/opt/webqos/install/setup -r
WebQoS configuration data is preserved in case you want to run WebQoS
again later.
When you run setup -r, you must provide the following information:
• Enter the root pathname of Netscape server.
This is the path to the web server you want to unqosify. The setup -r
script unqosifies all the web servers operating under the directory you
specify.
After the script finishes, start your web server(s).

Chapter 2

Setup
WebQoS setup Script (UNIX)

Chapter 2

The Management Console
This chapter describes how to log in to the management console and its
basic functionality.

Chapter 3

The Management Console
Management Console Login

Management Console Login
To log in to the WebQoS management console, do the following:
1. You should have already installed the management console software.
Refer to the HP WebQoS release note for information on installing
this software.
2. On your Solaris system, type /opt/webqos/bin/console_start.
On a PC, double-click on the WebQoS icon on the Windows desktop.
The WebQoS login dialog box appear (Figure 3-1, “WebQoS Login
Dialog Box”).
Figure 3-1

WebQoS Login Dialog Box

3. Enter the system name where the SCI is installed in the
Management Station field.
4. Enter the management console password. This is the management
console password you configured when you ran the setup script
(UNIX) or the installation file (Windows). There is one password for
all management consoles in a WebQoS domain.
You can change the management console password. See “Password”
on page 44 for more information.
5. Choose [OK].

Chapter 3

The Management Console
Console Main Screen

Console Main Screen
When you successfully log in, the management console’s main screen
appears. Your systems and sites are automatically discovered.
The following figure and table describe the management console’s main
screen. For more information, refer to the online help.
Figure 3-2

The Management Console Main Screen

Menu Bar
Task Bar
Pulldown
Lists
Services/
Systems Views
SLO/
History Views
Status Summary

Window Area

Description

Menu Bar

The File menu allows you to change the administrator’s
password, select a management station to which to connect,
or exit the management console.
The Actions menu allows you to add, move, edit, or delete
services, systems, and/or sites. You can also filter SLOs and
the History log, set the default template, and view statistics.
The Help menu provides overview online help and product
information. It also provides a link to HP’s support web site.

Task Bar

Each button provides quick access to an action in the
Actions menu.

Chapter 3

The Management Console
Console Main Screen

Window Area

Description

Pulldown Lists

The Services/Systems pulldown list allows you to select
either the services view or the systems view.
The Service Level Objective/History log pulldown list allows
you to select either the SLO view or the History log view.

Services/Systems Views

These views display a tree containing your configured
services, systems, and sites (your domain topology).
The Services view displays your domain by services. The
systems and sites that provide each service are displayed
below the service.
The Systems view displays your domain by systems. The
services and sites available on each system are displayed
below the system.
For an explanation of the symbols see “The
Services/Systems View” on page 43.
When editing or deleting a service or site, you must first
select it in this view area.

SLO /History Views

Displays the SLOs or history log for the service, system, or
site that you selected in the Services/Systems view area.
For more information about these views, refer to Chapter 7,
“Logs and Filters.”.

Status Summary

The buttons at the bottom report the number of SLOs being
violated, at risk, in compliance, and inactive.
For an explanation of the color codes, see “The Service Level
Objectives View” on page 96.

Chapter 3

The Management Console
Console Main Screen

Auto Discovery
WebQoS uses a database to store information about your domain.
WebQoS uses this information to automatically display the system(s)
and site(s). The systems displayed are those that are using the same
database to store configuration information. The site(s) displayed are
those that are configured for each system.
For more information about adding and removing systems, refer to
“Systems” on page 82.
For more information about sites, refer to “Sites” on page 80.

The Services/Systems View
The services/systems view shows the services, systems and sites
configured in WebQoS. A WebQoS domain is a set of sites residing on one
or more systems. Sites can also be grouped logically in services so that
you can easily manage all the sites in that service.
By selecting the appropriate service, system, or site, you can determine
which services, systems, and sites are meeting their SLO and threshold
objectives.
You can navigate in this view by using the following navigation symbols:
House - displays everything in your domain.
Magnifying glass - click on the magnifying glass symbol to expand or
reduce your view.
Briefcase - displays a service.
Monitor - displays a system name.
Globe - displays a site name.
Diamond - color coded to let you see which services, systems and sites
are meeting their objectives. For a description of the color codes, see
the section, “The Service Level Objectives View” on page 96.
In the services view, all configured services are displayed at the first
level. Expanding the service displays the systems configured for that
service. Expanding the system displays all the sites configured on the
system under that service.
In the systems view, the systems are displayed at the first level.
Expanding the system displays the services configured for that system.

Chapter 3

The Management Console
Console Administration
Expanding the service displays all the sites configured for that service on
that system.

Console Administration
Basic tasks that you can complete from the management console’s main
screen are changing the management console’s password and managing
another domain.

Password
To change the password that is used by the management console, do the
following:
1. Select File: Change Password.
2. In the Change Password dialog box, type in the old password. You
need to enter the new password twice.
3. Click on OK.
If you forget the management console’s password, you can reset it. In
UNIX, on any system running a WebQoS component, type:
/opt/webqos/install/setup -p
In Windows, go to the and type the following:
jre1.3\bin\java.exe -jar InstallPwd.jar

Chapter 3

The Management Console
Console Administration

Domain Management
To change the WebQoS domain that you are managing by connecting to
another database, do the following:
1. Choose File: Connect Management Station.
2. In the WebQoS dialog box, type in the name of the system containing
the database to which you want to connect and that WebQoS domain’s
management console password.
3. Click on OK.

Chapter 3

The Management Console
Console Administration

Chapter 3

Templates
This chapter describes the WebQoS templates.
Templates are used to configure your SLOs, corrective actions,
thresholds, and/or request classification rules. If you have multiple

Chapter 4

Templates
Preconfigured and Default Templates
services or sites that use the same policies and rules, you only have to
configure the policies and rules once in a template. You can then apply
the template to each service or site.

Preconfigured and Default Templates
WebQoS comes with preconfigured service and site templates. These
templates are also set as the default templates.

Preconfigured Templates
WebQoS comes with the following two preconfigured templates:
• Default_Service_Template
• Default_Site_Template
The templates do not have any policies or rules configured.
When WebQoS is started for the first time, any sites that are
automatically discovered are assigned the default site template. Any
systems and sites that are automatically discovered are assigned to a
default service named Default_Service. Default_Service uses the
default service template.
Because the preconfigured templates do not have any policies or rules
configured, your sites will function as if WebQoS is not configured on
your server.

Default Templates
The default template is used when you delete a template that is still
assigned to a service or site. If you delete a template that is configured to
a service, that service is reconfigured with the default service template.
Likewise, if you delete a template that is configured to a site, that site is
reconfigured with the default site template.
You can set the default templates by selecting Actions: Set Default
Template.

Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template

Service Template
Description
This screen displays the name of the service template.
Figure 4-1

Service Template Description

Enter a service template name. A service template name can be anything
that is meaningful to you as an administrator of WebQoS. For example, a
service template name could be “Big Company Template.” This template
can be assigned to the “Big Company” service that might contain sites
such as: www.BigCompanyStore.com, www.BigCompanySupport.com and
www.BigCompanyHR.com. Spaces are allowed in the service template
name.
If you wish to log service statistics logging, configure SLOs, or configure
corrective actions, go to the next sections. Otherwise click [OK].

Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template

Statistics
This screen displays whether or not service statistics logging is enabled
for the service template.
Figure 4-2

Service Template Statistics

By default, service statistics logging is disabled.
If you enable service statistics logging, WebQoS logs service statistics to
a log file on the management server (the server on which the SCO is
installed). In UNIX, the log files are located in the
/var/opt/webqos/stats directory. In Windows, the log files are located
in the \stats directory.
You can specify how often the statistics are generated by editing the
SCOLogInterval parameter in the qos.conf file. The default value is 5
minutes. For more information on the SCOLogInterval parameter, see
“qos.conf” on page 23.
Service Statistics
If you enable service statistics logging, WebQoS logs service statistics to
a log file named .stat where service_name is the
name of the service to which this template is assigned.

Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template
The log file is created daily until you disable service statistics logging. At
midnight, the file is moved to .stat..
The following aggregate service statistics are logged:
Timestamp
Sessions
Admissions
Deferrals
Redirections
Rejections
Compliances (Number of sites in compliance)
N/A (This field is not used)
Violation (Number of sites in violation)
Other (Number of sites in states other than compliance or violation)
Response High
Response Medium
Response Low
Admissions High
Admissions Medium
Admissions Low
Deferrals High
Deferrals Medium
Deferrals Low
Redirections High
Redirections Medium
Redirections Low
Rejections High
Rejections Medium
Rejections Low
Deferred Outstanding High
Deferred Outstanding Medium
Deferred Outstanding Low
Deferral Time Average High
Deferral Time Average Medium
Deferral Time Average Low
Deferral Time Current High
Deferral Time Current Medium
Deferral Time Current Low

URL Group Statistics
If you enable service statistics logging and the SLO Ensure less than
millisecond response time for requests to
is configured, URL group statistics are logged to the
URL____.stat file

Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template
where service_name is the name of the service to which this template is
assigned, and URL GROUP, CLASS, and NUMBER correspond to the
parameters defined in the SLO.
The following aggregate URL group statistics are logged:
Timestamp
URL Group Response Time

SLOs
This screen displays the SLOs configured for the service template.
Figure 4-3

Service Template SLOs

An SLO specifies the level of service that you expect to provide. They can
be configured to set a minimum average response time, the maximum
concurrent sessions supported, and to meet an externally specified
measurement.
WebQoS monitors the SLOs to make sure they are met. If they are not
met, WebQoS will execute any configured corrective actions.
If you have configured an SLO, the results can be viewed from the
management console’s main screen. For more information on statistics,
see “Service Statistics” on page 86.

Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template
To configure an SLO, click [Add] or highlight an existing SLO and click
[Edit].
Add/Edit SLOs
This screen displays the SLOs you can configure and the corrective
actions configured to the SLOs for the service template.
Figure 4-4

Add/Edit Service Level Objectives

You can configure the following SLOs:
• Support at most WebQoS sessions
• Ensure less than millisecond response time for
requests to
• Ensure is
If you modify an SLO, all of its events in the history log are deleted.
For more information about these SLOs, refer to the online help and
“Service Level Objectives for the Service” on page 123.
If you wish to add corrective actions for when the SLO is violated, go to
Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template
the next section. Otherwise click [OK].
Add/Edit Corrective Actions This screen displays the corrective
actions you can configure for the service template.
Figure 4-5

Add/Edit Corrective Actions

Corrective actions are those actions taken to bring an SLO into
compliance. Corrective actions may involve making trade-offs between
requests belonging to different request classifications, or making
trade-offs between requests going to different sites or services running
on the same system. You can add, edit or delete corrective actions by
selecting the appropriate button.
You can configure the following corrective actions:
• Redirect sessions up to times for priority
requests
• Reject priority requests
• Defer priority requests
For more information about these corrective actions, refer to the online
help and “Corrective Actions for SLO and Threshold Policy Violations” on
page 124.
If more than one action is configured for one class, the action with the
highest priority occurs first. Priority is based on the order assigned to the
action, with order 1 having the highest priority.
For example, a set of corrective actions can be:
Order 1: Redirect low class sessions 3 times
Order 2: Reject low class sessions

Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template
A low class session is redirected up to three times. If a session has been
redirected three times, it is rejected.
It is recommended that the reject action be configured as the last action
(lowest priority) for the class.
You can change the order of the corrective actions by moving their order
using [Move Up] and [Move Down].

Advanced
From this screen, you can configure how a session is deferred, redirected,
or rejected. You must have configured a corrective action to a SLO for
these policies to take effect for the service template.
For information on customizing a defer and reject web page, refer to
“Customizing the Defer and Reject Web Pages” on page 125.
Figure 4-6

Service Template Advanced

Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template
Defer
From this screen you can configure how a defer corrective action is
executed for the service template.
Figure 4-7

Defer Corrective Action

You can configure the minimum and maximum wait times of a deferred
session, the maximum number of times a session is deferred, automatic
entry after a defer, and the type of defer message. Refer to the online
help for more information.

Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template
Redirect
From this screen you can configure how a redirect corrective action is
executed for the service template.
Figure 4-8

Redirect Corrective Action

You can enable or disable redirection and configure the URL of a web site
to which to redirect. Refer to the online help for more information.
If you have configured a redirect corrective action but disable redirection
in this screen, all redirect corrective actions are ignored.

Chapter 4

Templates
Service Template
Reject
From this screen you can configure how a reject corrective action is
executed for the service template.
Figure 4-9

Reject Corrective Action

You can configure the message sent to a rejected session. Refer to the
online help for more information.

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template

Site Template
Description
This screen displays the name of the site template and the service to
which this site template is associated.
Figure 4-10

Site Template Description

Enter a site template name. A site template name can be anything that
is meaningful to you as an administrator of WebQoS. Select a service
name from the pulldown box. The service names listed are those services
that have already been configured.

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template

Classification Rules
This screen displays the request classification rules configured for the
site template.
Figure 4-11

Site Template Classification Rules

Request classification rules prioritize requests to the site. Requests can
be differentiated by IP address, port number, URL document path,
and/or virtual server name and assigned a class. These rules, when
combined with the response time SLO, can determine how quickly a
request is processed.
Adding request classification rules is optional. In Windows and Solaris, if
you do not configure any request classification rules, all SSL and
non-SSL requests are assigned the default (lowest) level of service.

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Add/Edit Classification Rules
This screen displays the request classification rules you can configure for
the site template.
Figure 4-12

Add/Edit Request Classifications Rules

You can configure the following request classification rules:
• Requests to IP address are
• Requests from IP address are
• Requests to port number are
• Requests to URL document path are
• Requests to virtual server are
For more information about these request classification rules, refer to the
online help and “Request Classification Rules” on page 120.

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template

SLOs
This screen displays the SLOs configured for the site template.
Figure 4-13

Site Template SLOs

An SLO specifies the level of service that you expect to provide. They can
be configured to set a minimum average response time and/or the
minimum and maximum concurrent sessions supported.
WebQoS monitors the SLOs to make sure they are met. If they are not
met, WebQoS will execute any configured corrective actions.
If you have configured an SLO, the results can be viewed from the
management console’s main screen. For more information on statistics,
see “Site Statistics” on page 90.

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Add/Edit SLOs
This screen displays the SLOs you can configure and the corrective
actions configured to the SLOs for the site template.
Figure 4-14

Add/Edit SLOs

You can configure the following SLOs:
• Support at most WebQoS sessions
• Maintain less than millisecond avg response time for
priority requests
• Support at least WebQoS sessions
If you modify an SLO, all of its events in the history log are deleted.
For more information about these SLOs, refer to the online help and
“Service Level Objectives for Site” on page 122.
If you wish to add corrective actions for when the SLO is violated, go to
the next section. Otherwise click [OK].

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Add/Edit Corrective Actions This screen displays the corrective
actions you can configure for the site template.
Figure 4-15

Add/Edit Corrective Actions

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
A low class session is redirected up to three times. If a session has been
redirected three times, it is rejected.
It is recommended that the reject action be configured as the last action
(lowest priority) for the class.
You can change the order of the corrective actions by moving their order
using [Move Up] and [Move Down].

Threshold Policies
This screen displays the threshold policies configured for the site
template.
Figure 4-16

Site Template Threshold Policies

A threshold policy is a type of SLO. It provides capacity protection for
your system and site. Both threshold policies and SLOs are displayed in
the service level objectives view in the management console’s main
screen.
When multiple thresholds and SLOs are violated, the corrective action
with the highest priority is taken.
To configure a threshold policy, click [Add] or highlight an existing
threshold policy and click [Edit].
Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Add/Edit Threshold Policies
This screen displays the threshold policies you can configure and the
corrective actions configured to the threshold policies for the site
template.
Figure 4-17

Add Thresholds Dialog Box

You can configure the following threshold policy:
• Ensure CPU is no more than % busy
For more information about this threshold policy, refer to the online help
and “Threshold Policy” on page 124.
If you wish to add corrective actions for when the threshold policy is
violated, go to the next section. Otherwise click [OK].

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Add/Edit Corrective Actions This screen displays the corrective
actions you can configure for the site template.
Figure 4-18

Add/Edit Corrective Actions

Corrective actions are those actions taken to bring a threshold policy into
compliance. Corrective actions may involve making trade-offs between
requests belonging to different request classifications, or making
trade-offs between requests going to different sites or services running
on the same system. You can add, edit or delete corrective actions by
selecting the appropriate button.
You can configure the following corrective actions:
• Redirect sessions up to times for priority
requests
• Reject priority requests
• Defer priority requests
For more information about these corrective actions, refer to the online
help and “Corrective Actions for SLO and Threshold Policy Violations” on
page 124.
If more than one action is configured for one class, the action with the
highest priority occurs first. Priority is based on the order assigned to the
action, with order 1 having the highest priority.
For example, a set of corrective actions can be:
Order 1: Redirect low class sessions 3 times
Order 2: Reject low class sessions
Chapter 4

Advanced
From this screen, you can configure session timeouts, web server accept
threads, site template corrective actions, and enable/disable site
template statistics logging.
Figure 4-19

Edit Site Configuration Advanced Dialog Box

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Session Timeouts
From this screen you can configure the maximum allowable time
between requests and of a session.
Figure 4-20

Site Advanced Session Timeouts Dialog Box

A session consists of all requests from a user within a certain time frame.
Once a user has been granted a session, all requests from that user are
forwarded to the web server, even when new sessions are no longer being
accepted due to an SLO or threshold policy violation. If the session
timeouts are exceeded, the current session ends and WebQoS starts a
new session unless prevented by a corrective action.
If you have enabled URL encoding and configured the application server
session identifier and BroadVision user name in the qos.conf file, you
cannot configure the interval between requests session timeout.
At least one session timeout must be enabled. Both can be enabled
simultaneously.
For more information about session timeouts, refer to the online help.

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Web Server Accept Threads
From this screen you can configure the web server accept threads.
Figure 4-21

Site Advanced Accept Threads Dialog Box

WebQoS web server accept threads are those WebQoS threads that
accept incoming connections. The number of WebQoS accept threads
affects the speed at which WebQoS can process requests. More accept
threads could mean faster processing, but might also increase the load on
your system.
Your web server(s) must be restarted in order for this change to take
effect.
For more information about web server accept threads, refer to the online
help.
Corrective Action Policy Details
From this screen, you can configure how a session is deferred, redirected,
or rejected. You must have configured a corrective action to an SLO or
threshold policy for these policies to take effect for the site template.
For information on customizing a defer and reject web page, refer to
“Customizing the Defer and Reject Web Pages” on page 125.

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Defer From this screen you can configure how a defer corrective action
is executed for the site template.
Figure 4-22

Defer Corrective Action

You can configure the minimum and maximum times a session is
deferred, the maximum number of times a session is deferred, automatic
entry after a defer, and the type of defer message. Refer to the online
help for more information.

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Redirect From this screen you can configure how a redirect corrective
action is executed for the site template.
Figure 4-23

Redirect Corrective Action

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Reject From this screen you can configure how a reject corrective action
is executed for the site template.
Figure 4-24

Reject Corrective Action

You can configure the message sent to a rejected session. Refer to the
online help for more information.

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Site Statistics
This screen displays whether or not site statistics logging is enabled for
the site template.
Figure 4-25

Site Template Statistics

By default, site statistics logging is disabled.
If you enable site statistics logging, WebQoS logs site statistics to a log
file named .stat where site_name is the name of the site
to which this template is assigned. The log file is located on the web
services system (the server on which the SCA is installed)
The log file is created daily until you disable site statistics logging. At
midnight, the file is moved to .stat..
In UNIX, the log files are located in the /var/opt/webqos/stats
directory. In Windows, the log files are located in the
\stats directory.
You can specify how often the statistics are generated by editing the
MeasurementInterval parameter in the qos.conf file. The default is 30
seconds. For more information on the MeasurementInterval parameter,
see “qos.conf” on page 23.
The following site statistics are logged:
Timestamp
Response High
Response Medium
Response Low
Admissions High
Admissions Medium
Admissions Low
Deferrals High
Deferrals Medium
Deferrals Low

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template
Redirections High
Redirections Medium
Redirections Low
Rejections High
Rejections Medium
Rejections Low
Deferred Outstanding High
Deferred Outstanding Medium
Deferred Outstanding Low
Deferral Time Average High
Deferral Time Average Medium
Deferral Time Average Low
Deferral Time Current High
Deferral Time Current Medium
Deferral Time Current Low

Chapter 4

Templates
Site Template

Chapter 4

Services, Sites, and Systems
This chapter describes services, sites, and systems.

Chapter 5

Services, Sites, and Systems
Services

Services
A service is a way to logically group web sites related to a business
application. It allows you to view logical groups of web sites as a single
entity from the management console.

Add a Service
To add a service, do the following:
1. Select Actions: Add -> Service.
2. Select the service template to use.
3. Enter a service name.
4. Select [OK].

Edit a Service
You can edit a service’s name and/or the service template to which it is
configured. You cannot edit a service that is in the not connected state.
To edit a service, do the following:
1. Highlight the service in the services/systems view area.
2. Click on Edit in the task bar.
3. Once you have finished modifying the information, select [OK].

Move a Service
You can move a service or multiple services to use another service
template.
If you are moving a single service, you can either edit or move the
service.
To move a service or multiple services, select Actions: Move ->
Services and then refer to the online help.

Chapter 5

Services, Sites, and Systems
Services

Delete a Service
To delete a service, do the following:
1. Make sure all web sites contained by the service are in the not
connected state (aqua color code). To achieve this, stop all the web
sites of the service.
2. Highlight the service in the services/systems view area.
3. Select Actions: Delete -> Service.

NOTE

You cannot delete a service if it is used by the default site template.
Either edit the default site template to use another service or define a
new default site template.
If a site template other than the default site template uses the service
you are about to delete, the template will be changed to use the
service configured in the default site template.

4. Verify that you want to delete the service.

NOTE

The sites configured to the service are also deleted. However, any
systems containing the service are not deleted.

Chapter 5

Services, Sites, and Systems
Sites

Sites
A site is a web site or web server instance that is managed by WebQoS.

Add a Site
WebQoS automatically discovers systems and their web sites. For a web
site to be automatically discovered, complete the following:
1. Run the setup script on the system on which the web site resides.
The setup script only needs to be run once on the system. If you have
already run setup on the system, go to the next step.
2. Make sure the web site is configured in the root pathname that you
specified while running the setup script.
3. Start the web site.

Edit a Site
You can edit a site’s name and/or the site template to which it is
configured. You cannot edit a site that is in the not connected state
(aqua color code).
To edit a site, do the following:
1. Highlight the site in the services/systems view area.
2. Click on Edit in the task bar.
3. Once you have finished modifying the information, select [OK].

Move a Site
You can move a site or multiple sites to use another site template.
If you are moving a single site, you can either edit or move the site.
To move a site or multiple sites, select Actions: Move -> Sites and
then refer to the online help.

Chapter 5

Services, Sites, and Systems
Sites

Delete a Site
To delete a site, do the following:
1. Disable the web site. The site must be in the not connected state
(aqua color code).
2. Highlight the site in the services/systems view area.
3. Select Actions: Delete -> Site.
4. Verify that you want to delete the site.

Microsoft IIS
This section discusses important points about starting and stopping
Microsoft IIS.
Starting and Stopping IIS
On a Windows NT system, you can start and stop Microsoft IIS by going
to the Control Panel and selecting Services. Then highlight IIS Admin
Service from the list and press the Start or Stop button.
On a Windows 2000 system, you can start and stop Microsoft IIS by
selecting Start -> Programs -> Administrative Tools ->
Services. Then select IIS Admin Service from the list.
When you stop IIS, all web sites are stopped. Then, when you start IIS,
the web sites are not started. Make sure that you start up all the web
sites that were running when IIS was stopped.
In Windows 2000, if you use the Restart command from the Action
menu, IIS and all web sites are restarted.

iPlanet Web Server
If you add a new instance of a web server on your system, you must run
the setup script for the site to be automatically discovered.
If you edit a web server instance by either adding a new object type or
enabling cgi-bin processing using the iPlanet Administration Server, you
must add the following item in the web server’s obj.conf file after the
object type definition: Service fn=”SendResponse”

Chapter 5

Services, Sites, and Systems
Systems

Systems
A system is a computer with web sites managed by WebQoS.

Add a System
WebQoS automatically discovers systems and their web sites (see “Auto
Discovery” on page 43 for more information). The systems must have the
SCA (the Web Services component on UNIX and the Services for IIS
component on Windows) installed and the web sites must be running.
In UNIX, to add a system, run the setup script on it. Once setup has
been run, the system’s sites (determined by the root pathname you
entered in the setup script), when started, are also automatically added.
For more information about the setup script, refer to “WebQoS setup
Script (UNIX)” on page 30.
In Windows, to add a system, run the W2KWebQoS.exe installation file (if
you downloaded the software from the Internet) or the setup.exe
program on the CD and install the Services for IIS component on the
system. For more information, refer to the release note.

Delete a System
You can delete a system from your WebQoS domain using the
management console or by running the setup script.
If you are deleting a system running the SCO, do the following:
1. Stop the SCO on the system to be deleted. Refer to “Restarting
Individual WebQoS Components” on page 30 for more information.
2. On another system in your WebQoS domain, using the setup script,
install and enable an SCO. You must have one (and only one) SCO
running in your WebQoS domain.
3. From the management console, highlight the system in the
services/systems view area.
4. Select Actions: Delete -> System.
5. Verify that you want to delete the system.
If you are deleting a system running the SCA, do the following:

Chapter 5

Services, Sites, and Systems
Systems
1. Stop the SCA. Refer to “Restarting Individual WebQoS Components”
on page 30 for more information.
2. If this is the only system running an SCA in your WebQoS domain,
you must enable an SCA on another system in your WebQoS domain.
You must have at least one SCA running in your WebQoS domain.
3. From the management console, highlight the system in the
services/systems view area.
4. Select Actions: Delete -> System.
5. Verify that you want to delete the system.
If you use the setup script, run setup -r on that system. Make sure
that you have at least one SCA and only one SCO running in your
WebQoS domain.

NOTE

The sites configured to the system are also deleted.

Chapter 5

Services, Sites, and Systems
Systems

Chapter 5

Statistics

Chapter 6

Statistics
Service Statistics

Service Statistics
HP WebQoS provides the following service statistics:
• SLO related - average response times per request class and total
number of unexpired concurrent sessions
• Session control - percentage of new sessions admitted, deferred,
redirected, or rejected for the service during the last 30 minutes
• Defer statistics - total number of outstanding deferred sessions,
current defer time, and average defer time for the last 30 minutes

Service SLO Related Statistics
If you have enabled URL encoding and configured the application server
session identifier and the BroadVision user name in the qos.conf file,
the statistics displayed in the SLO Related Statistic screens are based on
BroadVision’s session counts.
To view the SLO related statistics, do the following:
1. Highlight a service in the services/systems view.
2. Choose Statistics from the task bar.

Chapter 6

Statistics
Service Statistics
Figure 6-1

Service SLO Related Statistics

The following statistics are displayed:
• Response Time per request class - the amount of time, in
milliseconds, the web server and web server application take to
process a request. The response time does not include the time the
request spends on the network between the browser and the web
server.
If the web server does not receive any requests during a two minute
interval, the response time is displayed as zero.
• WebQoS Sessions - the total number of unexpired concurrent
sessions. By default, a session expires after two hours or if the time
between requests within a session exceeds 15 minutes. You configure
the session timeouts under the Advanced tab of a site template.
There may be a short delay in reporting statistics while WebQoS
recalculates the statistics.
To display SLO related statistics for each site in the service, choose
Details in the Service SLO Related Statistics screen.
In the detailed screen, you can sort the information in the columns
alphabetically or numerically by clicking on the column heading. For

Chapter 6

Statistics
Service Statistics
example, to list the sites in the Site column alphabetically, click on the
Site column heading. To reverse the order, click on the Site column
heading again.

Service Session Control Statistics
To view the session control statistics, do the following:
1. Highlight a service in the services/systems view.
2. Choose Statistics from the task bar.
3. Click on the Session Control Statistics tab.
Figure 6-2

Service Session Control Statistics

This screen shows how WebQoS executes corrective actions to control the
number of new sessions admitted to the service.
Statistics displayed are the percentage of admitted, deferred, redirected,
and rejected sessions, broken down by request classification, during the
past 30 minutes. Each statistic also includes the number of sessions
(shown in parentheses). For example, 90% (117) means that 90% of all
new sessions (or 117 new sessions) were admitted during the last 30
minutes.
88

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Service Statistics
There may be a short delay in reporting statistics while WebQoS
recalculates the statistics.
To display session control statistics for each site in the service, choose
Details in the Service Session Control Statistics screen.
In the detailed screen, you can sort the information in the columns
alphabetically or numerically by clicking on the column heading. For
example, to list the percentages in the Total Admitted column
numerically from highest to lowest, click on the Total Admitted
column heading. To reverse the order, click on the Total Admitted
column heading again.

Service Defer Related Statistics
To view the defer related statistics, do the following:
1. Highlight a service in the services/systems view.
2. Choose Statistics from the task bar.
3. Click on the Defer Statistics tab.
Figure 6-3

Service Defer Related Statistics

Chapter 6

Statistics
Site Statistics
The following statistics are displayed:
• Number of Outstanding Deferred Sessions - the total number of
deferred sessions that have not yet been admitted. This number is
incremented every time a deferral is initiated.
• Current Defer Time - the amount of time, in seconds, the last deferred
session must wait before being admitted. This information is logged
every time a deferral occurs and is reset when the SLO is in
compliance.
• 30 Minute Average Defer Time - the average amount of time, in
seconds, deferred sessions in the last 30 minutes waited before being
admitted. The data is collected and the average is updated every 30
seconds.
To display defer related statistics for each site in the service, choose
Details in the Service Defer Statistics screen.
In the detailed screen, you can sort the information in the columns
alphabetically or numerically by clicking on the column heading. For
example, to list the sites in the Site column alphabetically, click on the
Site column heading. To reverse the order, click on the Site column
heading again. To sort the numbers in the Sessions High column from
highest to lowest, click on the Sessions High column heading. To
reverse the order, click again on the Sessions High column heading.

Site Statistics
HP WebQoS provides the following site statistics:
• SLO related - total number of unexpired concurrent sessions, average
response times per request class, total number of outstanding
deferred sessions, current defer time, and average defer time for the
last 30 minutes
• Session control - percentage of new sessions admitted, deferred,
redirected, or rejected for the service during the last 30 minutes

Chapter 6

Statistics
Site Statistics

Site SLO Related Statistics
To view the SLO related statistics, do the following:
1. Highlight a site in the services/systems view.
2. Choose Statistics from the task bar.
Figure 6-4

Site SLO Related Statistics

The following statistics are displayed:
• WebQoS Sessions - the total number of unexpired concurrent
sessions. By default, a session expires after two hours or if the time
between requests within a session exceeds 15 minutes. You configure
the session timeouts under the Advanced tab of a site template.
• Response Time per request class - the amount of time, in
milliseconds, the web server and web server application take to
process a request. The response time does not include the time the
request spends on the network between the browser and the web
server.
If the web server does not receive any requests during a two minute
interval, the response time is displayed as zero.
• Number of Outstanding Deferred Sessions - the total number of
deferred sessions that have not yet been admitted. This number is
incremented every time a deferral is initiated.
• Current Defer Time - the amount of time, in seconds, the last deferred
Chapter 6

Statistics
Site Statistics
session must wait before being admitted. This information is logged
every time a deferral occurs and is reset when the SLO is in
compliance.
• 30 Minute Average Defer Time - the average amount of time, in
seconds, deferred sessions in the last 30 minutes must wait before
being admitted. The data is collected and the average is updated
every 30 seconds.
There may be a short delay in reporting statistics while WebQoS
recalculates the statistics.

Site Session Control Statistics
If you have enabled URL encoding and configured the application server
session identifier and the BroadVision user name in the qos.conf file,
these statistics cannot be displayed.
To view the session control statistics, do the following:
1. Highlight a site in the services/systems view.
2. Choose Statistics from the task bar.
3. Click on the Session Control Statistics tab.
Figure 6-5

Site Session Control Statistics

This screen shows how WebQoS executes corrective actions to control the
number of new sessions admitted to the site.

Chapter 6

Statistics
Site Statistics
Statistics displayed are the percentage of admitted, deferred, redirected,
and rejected sessions, broken down by request classification, during the
past 30 minutes. Each statistic also includes the number of sessions
(shown in parentheses). For example, 90% (117) means that 90% of all
new sessions (or 117 new sessions) were admitted during the last 30
minutes.
There may be a short delay in reporting statistics while WebQoS
recalculates the statistics.

Chapter 6

Statistics
Site Statistics

Chapter 6

Logs and Filters

Chapter 7

Logs and Filters
SLOs, Thresholds, and the History Log

SLOs, Thresholds, and the History Log
You can use the SLO and the history log views to do the following:
• Verify your WebQoS configuration
• Check that your topology and web server configuration meet
objectives
• Determine when objectives are not met so you can make changes to
your WebQoS configuration, topology, or web server configuration to
better meet the objectives
• Determine when objectives are being met so you and your customers
know that their requirements are being fulfilled

The Service Level Objectives View
The service level objectives view displays the status of service level SLOs
in the top part of the window, and the status of site SLOs and thresholds
in the bottom part of the window. You can rearrange the columns if you
wish by clicking on the column title and dragging it to its new position.
Figure 7-1

Service Level Objectives View

Service SLO Status
Site SLO Status
Status Summary Bar

Pulldown List

Chapter 7

Logs and Filters
SLOs, Thresholds, and the History Log
• Status column - Displays the color-coded status associated with SLOs
and thresholds.
— Red: Violation. The SLO or threshold is in violation and no
corrective actions are being executed by WebQoS.
— Yellow: At risk. The SLO or threshold is in violation, but WebQoS
is executing a corrective action to try and bring it back into
compliance.
Only one SLO or threshold can be yellow on any given system, as
only one corrective action is executed at a time. If you select the
Services View, the SLO status for SLOs on several systems (if they
are configured) would be shown.
— Green: In compliance. The SLO or threshold is being met.
— Blue: Inactive. The SLO is inactive; WebQoS is disabled.
— Aqua: Not connected. The SLO is not currently connected to the
system, or that the system is not connected to a web server. For a
site, the web server is not connected to the SCA. For a service, the
SCO is not running.
The management console updates the status display every 30
seconds. An SLO can show a status of “not connected” if the
display has not yet been updated. Click on another site, service, or
system to get an updated status.
— Orange: Never connected. The SLO was never connected. When
you configure a site, the WebQoS configuration database and the
web server running that site are notified. If the web server is
off-line, the WebQoS Service Control Agent (SCA) tries to contact
the site later. In the mean time, the site status is defined as “never
connected.”
— Red: In error. The SLO or threshold is in error. This is most likely
a state for the site that is inherited by the SLOs. It usually means
the web server is not functioning properly. For example, the web
server is unable to start up or shut down completely.

NOTE

If there is a problem with the web server, for example if the web
server is unable to start or shut down completely, the SLOs inherit
this problem and the SLO status is represented with a blue, aqua,
orange, or red color code.

Chapter 7

Logs and Filters
SLOs, Thresholds, and the History Log
• Status summary bar - Displays the number of SLOs and thresholds of
each status. The status summary bar is color-coded with the same
scheme as the status column described above.
• Priority column - Displays the SLO or threshold priority (for example
1, 2, 3, or 4). WebQoS performs corrective actions defined for the
highest priority (1) SLO or threshold policy that is currently violated.
• Component column - Displays the site associated with the SLO or
threshold.
• Objective column - Displays a one line description of the SLO or
threshold.

The History Log View
The history log view displays a history of SLO, threshold, and corrective
action events for the site or service selected in the service/systems view.

NOTE

The management console uses the local time zone. If the system where
you installed the management console is in a different time zone than
the web server and application server, the time stamps are formatted
using the local time of the management console.

The history log shows which corrective actions have been taken. The
history log entries have time stamps so you can tell how long an SLO or
threshold has been violated.
You can use the history log to determine performance trends. You can see
how often the objectives of a system, service, or site have not been met
over time (for example, during the past month).
If you modify an SLO, all of its events in the history log are deleted.
When a service-level SLO is violated, all corrective actions configured for
that SLO are entered into the history log.

Chapter 7

Logs and Filters
SLOs, Thresholds, and the History Log
Figure 7-2

History Log View

Severity Column
Status Summary Bar

Pulldown List

• Severity column - Displays the color-coded severity associated with
the events.
— Red: Number of critical log entries
— Orange: Number of major log entries
— Yellow: Number of minor log entries
— Cyan (light blue): Number of warning log entries
— Green: Number of normal log entries
— Blue: Number of unknown log entries
• Status summary bar - Displays the number of events of each status.
The status summary bar is color-coded with the same scheme as the
severity column described above.
• Time column - Displays the time and date an event occurred.
• Event column - Displays the event type. The following event types can
be displayed:
— SLO or threshold violation
— SLO or threshold risk

Chapter 7

Logs and Filters
SLO and Threshold Filters
— Action taken
— CPU limit
— CPU reset
— Disk limit
— Disk reset
• Description column - Displays a one line description of the event.

SLO and Threshold Filters
You may be managing a large web complex and you may have a
significant number of sites. SLO filtering lets you view SLOs and
thresholds selectively to make problem solving easier. WebQoS can only
display 50 SLOs and thresholds. You can use the filtering and sorting
options to do the following:
• Determine which SLOs or thresholds to display. For example, you
might want to display only priority one SLOs and thresholds.
• View SLO and threshold status for an important web site.
• View which SLOs and thresholds are in violation.
To filter your SLOs and thresholds, do the following:
1. Highlight the service, system, or site in the services/systems view and
select Service Level Objectives from the SLO/history log pull
down list.
2. Choose Filter from the task bar.

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SLO and Threshold Filters
Figure 7-3

SLO Filters

3. Select the appropriate status classifications to display SLOs and
thresholds with the chosen status. By default, all types are selected.
For example, you might choose to display only SLOs and thresholds
that are being violated or in error. See the online help for descriptions
of the status classifications.
4. Specify the appropriate Priority classification. SLOs and thresholds
with the requested priority are displayed. These are the priorities
that you assigned to the SLO which determine the order the SLOs are
checked. For example, you may want to display only priority 1 SLOs
and thresholds. The default is to display all priorities.
5. Sort your list of SLOs and thresholds as desired by selecting the
appropriate sort item from the Sort by: pull down list. For example
you may want to sort your SLOs and thresholds by priority.
6. Choose [OK].

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Logs and Filters
History Log Filter

History Log Filter
History log filtering allows you to view history log entries selectively to
make analysis and problem solving easier. WebQoS can only display 50
history log entries at a time. If there are more than 50 log entries for a
service, system, or site, you can use filtering to specify which 50 entries
should be displayed. Filtering and sorting the history log helps you to see
patterns in the behavior of a service, system, or site.
To filter the history log, do the following:
1. Highlight the system, service or site in the services/systems view and
select History log from the SLO/History log pull down list.
2. Choose Filter from the task bar.
Figure 7-4

History Filters Dialog

3. Select the appropriate severity classifications to display events with
the chosen severity. For example, you might choose to display only
events that are critical and major. See the online Help for descriptions
of the severity classifications.
4. Type the date/time range to display history log entries which occur
during this range. (The date format is MM/DD/YY and the time
format is HH:MM AM or PM.) For example, you can use the time
filter in combination with the severity filter to determine if any of the
site’s SLOs have been violated in the last month.

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History Log Filter

NOTE

5. Sort the history log as desired by selecting the appropriate sort item
from the Sort by: pull down list. For example, you can sort events by
severity.
6. Choose [OK].

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Logs and Filters
OpenView Logs

OpenView Logs
Log files created by WebQoS can also be used by OpenView. These log
files keep track of service and site statistics, site measurements, and
policy and corrective action events.

Service and Site Statistics
OpenView can use the information logged by a service or site template.
Logging must be enabled in the template for this information to be
available. In UNIX, the log files are located in the
/var/opt/webqos/stats directory. In Windows, the log files are located
in the \stats directory.
If you enable logging in a service template, use the following log file(s):
.stat and/or .stat..
Refer to “Service Statistics” on page 50 for a list of statistics that are
logged.
If you enable logging in a site template, use the following log file(s):
.stat and/or .stat.. Refer
to “Site Statistics” on page 74 for a list of statistics that are logged.

Site Measurements
To log site measurements to a log file, on the system running a web
server managed by WebQoS, do the following:
1. Enable the LogOn parameter in the qos.conf file.
2. Restart the SCA.
Site measurements are logged to .. In UNIX, the log
files are located in the /var/opt/webqos/measures directory. In
Windows, the log files are located in the measures
directory.
The following statistics are listed as a total and broken out by class:
Timestamp
Average number of active sessions
Average response time
Admitted sessions
Redirected sessions

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OpenView Logs
Deferred sessions
Rejected sessions
Average number of deferred sessions
Average defer time

Policy and Corrective Action Events
To log policy and corrective action events, on the system running the
SCO, do the following:
1. In UNIX, create the subdirectory OV in /var/opt/webqos.
2. Add SCOLogITOOn 1 to the qos.conf file.
3. Restart the SCO.
In UNIX, policy and corrective action event log files are located in the
/var/opt/webqos/OV directory. In Windows, the log files are located in
\OV.
Service policy events are logged to the file servicepolicyevents.
The following information is logged:
Date
Time
Service name
Event type
SLO status
SLO type
SLO class
Name

Site policy events are logged to the file sitepolicyevents.
The following information is logged:
Date
Time
System name
Site name
IP address
Port number
Event type
SLO status
SLO type
SLO class

Service corrective events are logged to the file servicecorractevents.

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Logs and Filters
OpenView Logs
The following information is logged:
Date
Time
Service name
Event type
Corrective action
Class

Site corrective action events are logged to the file sitecorractevents.
The following information is logged:
Date
Time
System name
Site name
IP address
Port number
Event type
Corrective action
Class

Events are logged every 15 seconds. The following fields may have the
following values (a value of “-” means that the information is not
available):
Field

Values

(SLO) Class

•
•
•
•

low
medium
high
-

Corrective
Action

•
•
•
•

redirect
reject
defer
-

Event Type

• cor (corrective action)
• pol (policy)

Name

• URL group name if the SLO type is url_response_time
• external measurement name if the SLO type is external_measure
• -

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OpenView Logs

Field

Values

SLO Status

•
•
•
•

SLO Type

Service SLOs:

violation
risk
compliance
-

• external_measure (Ensure is
)
• session_count (Support at most WebQoS sessions)
• url_response_time (Ensure less than millisecond
response time for requests to )
• Site SLOs:
• cpu_load (Ensure CPU is no more than % busy)
• max_sessions (Support at most WebQoS sessions)
• min_sessions (Support at least WebQoS sessions)
• response_time (Maintain less than millisecond avg
response time for priority requests)
• -

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Logs and Filters
OpenView Logs

108

Chapter 7

Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting is broken down by platform: UNIX or Windows. Refer to
the appropriate section.

Chapter 8

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Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting on UNIX

Troubleshooting on UNIX
Make sure you have installed all required patches. Refer to the release
note for a list of these patches.

Shared Memory
The following warning in the /var/opt/webqos/logs/scalog file:
Couldn’t attach to shared memory
means the SCA cannot function correctly without memory segments.
Do the following:
• run ipcs to list memory segments, and then run ipcrm -m to delete
memory segments.

Management Console Error Messages
The following error messages are viewable in the management console:
• The SCI on on port is not running.
The WebQoS SCI is down. Restart the SCI by running
/opt/webqos/bin/sci_start and then reconnect to the
management station.
NOTE

You must be root to run /opt/webqos/bin/sci_start

• Problems writing to the SCI socket
The WebQoS SCI is down. Restart the SCI by running
/opt/webqos/bin/sci_start and then reconnect to the
management station.
NOTE

You must be root to run /opt/webqos/bin/sci_start

• Problems connecting to the SCI on . Unknown
hostname

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Troubleshooting on UNIX
The machine that contains the SCI may be down or the network is
unreachable. Also, the intended machine may be mistyped or
unknown to the name server. Try the following steps:
1. Verify network connectivity. Run /usr/sbin/ping .
Reference the ping(1M)man page for more information.
2. Verify the name server configuration for your network. For
example, if you are using DNS or /etc/hosts, run
/usr/sbin/nslookup . Reference the nslookup(1) man
page for more information.
• This new
At least
priority
later to

threshold put the set of thresholds out of order.
one threshold won’t be violated until a higher
threshold is violated. You may wish to edit it
change its priority.

Threshold rules are misconfigured.
Ensure that the lower priority threshold rule is violated after the
higher priority rule.

Error Logging and Tracing
The WebQos components use the following log files to record WebQoS
related activity. You can use these files to monitor the WebQoS server
and help with troubleshooting. The files are:
/var/opt/webqos/logs/qoslog
/var/opt/webqos/logs/qoslog.child
/var/opt/webqos/logs/qostrace
/var/opt/webqos/logs/qostrace.child
/var/opt/webqos/measures
/var/opt/webqos/logs/scalog
/var/opt/webqos/logs/scatrace
/var/opt/webqos/logs/scilog
/var/opt/webqos/logs/scitrace
/var/opt/webqos/logs/scolog
/var/opt/webqos/logs/scotrace

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Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting on UNIX
Logging
Error messages are logged in the qoslog, qoslog.child, scalog,
scilog, and scolog files. You can set the level of logging (number and
types of messages) by setting the parameters in the file
/etc/opt/webqos/qos.conf. For information on how to set the logging
level, see “Logging and Tracing Parameters (UNIX Only)” on page 28.
More messages will be logged by changing the levels. See “Changing
Logging and Tracing Levels” on page 112 for more information.
Tracing
The qostrace, qostrace.child, scatrace, scitrace, and scotrace
files are for use by HP Support.
Measurement Logging
If you have set the LogOn parameter in the /etc/opt/webqos/qos.conf
file to on, WebQoS creates a new measurement log file daily for each
WebQoS site and places them in /var/opt/webqos/measures. The
measurement log file name is the site name that was entered in the
management console, followed by the date. For information on how to set
the parameter, see “SCA Parameters” on page 26.
Statistics Logging
If you have enabled service and site statistics logging in the management
console, WebQoS generates statistics and creates files in
/var/opt/webqos/stats.
The statistics log file names are the site name or service name that you
entered in the management console followed by the date. For information
on how to enable Statistics Logging, and for a description of which
statistics are generated, see “Statistics” on page 50 for service statistics
logging, and “Site Statistics” on page 74 for site statistics logging.
Changing Logging and Tracing Levels
The product ships with default levels. For logging, the default level is
informative messages. Tracing is turned off. It is recommend that you
run the product with these levels. Turning on more detailed levels will
quickly fill up the log files. The levels are set in the
/etc/opt/webqos/qos.conf file. There is more information on the
levels in this file. To change the levels and see more detail do the
following:
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1. Edit the /etc/opt/webqos/qos.conf and set the level.
2. Restart the WebQoS components.
For more information on modifying the parameters in the
/etc/opt/webqos/qos.conf file, see “qos.conf” on page 23.

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Troubleshooting on Windows

Troubleshooting on Windows
The WebQoS management console displays the status of the service or
site SLO. If there is a problem with the web server, the SLO status will
likely reflect this problem. For example, if the Status column of the
Service Level Objectives view shows “Never Connected” (orange color),
the web server may be offline. In this case, check the web server status.
See “The Service Level Objectives View” on page 96 for descriptions of
the Status column entries and color codes.

Problems with Shared Memory
If you see the following warning in the
\logs\qoslog.txt file:
• Couldn’t attach to shared memory
The Service Control Agent (SCA) cannot function correctly without
memory segments. Restart the SCA (see “Restarting Individual
WebQoS Components” on page 30).

Resetting the Management Console Password
When resetting the management console password (see “Password” on
page 44), you may receive the following error message after typing the
command:
• Exception in thread “main” java.util.zip.ZipException: The
system cannot find the file specified
at
at
at
at

java.util.zip.ZipFile.open(Native Method)
java.util.zip.ZipFile.(Unknown Source)
javautil.jar.JarFile.(Unknown Source)
java.util.jar.JarFile.(Unknown Source)

Make sure you are in the before typing the
command.

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Error Messages Viewable From the Management
Console
The following error messages appear in popup windows in the
management console:
• The SCI on on port is not running.
The WebQoS SCI is down. You need to exit the management console,
restart the SCI on the WebQoS Management Server (see “Restarting
Individual WebQoS Components” on page 30), then restart the
management console.
• Problems writing to the SCI socket.
The WebQoS SCI is down. You need to exit the management console,
restart the SCI on the WebQoS Management Server (see “Restarting
Individual WebQoS Components” on page 30), then restart the
management console.
• Problems connecting to the SCI on . Unknown
hostname.
The machine that contains the SCI may be down or the network is
unreachable. Also, the intended machine may be mistyped or
unknown to the name server. Do the following:
1. Verify network connectivity. Run ping . If there is no
response, then check the Network connections from the Control
Panel.
2. Verify the name server configuration for your network in the
Control Panel
• This new
At least
priority
later to

threshold put the set of thresholds out of order.
one threshold won’t be violated until a higher
threshold is violated. You may wish to edit it
change its priority.

Misconfiguration of threshold rules.
Fix: Ensure that the lower priority threshold rule is violated after the
higher priority rule.

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Troubleshooting on Windows

Logging and Tracing
The WebQos components use the following log files to record WebQos
related activity. You can use these files to monitor the WebQoS server
and help with troubleshooting. The files are:
\logs\qoslog.txt
\logs\qostrace.txt
\logs\scalog

Logging
Error messages are logged in the
\logs\qoslog.txt and scalog files. The default
logging level is informative messages. More messages will be logged by
changing the level. See “Changing Logging and Tracing Levels” for more
information.
Tracing
The \logs\qostrace.txt file is for use by HP
Support.
Changing Logging and Tracing Levels
The product ships with default levels. For logging, the default level is
informative messages. Tracing is turned off. It is recommended that the
product be run with these levels. Turning on more detailed levels will
quickly fill up the logfiles.
WebQoS tracing and logging levels are stored in the Windows Registry.
You can change WebQoS tracing and logging levels with the Windows
Registry Editor.
To change the WebQoS tracing or logging level:
1. From the Windows Start menu, choose the Run option.
2. Run the Registry Editor program by entering regedt32.exe in the
Run window.
3. Click on the Registry Editor window HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.
4. Click on the icons for Software, Hewlett-Packard, then WebQoS.

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Figure 8-1

Registry Editor Window for WebQoS

5. In the left side of the window, double-click on the LogLevel or
TraceLevel values.
6. In the popup window, enter the new value for the selected item.
The default tracing level is 0, which means no tracing. A value from
0-3 can be specified; the level of tracing increases with each value.
The default value for logging is 3, which means informative logging. A
value from 0-4 can be specified; the level of logging increases with
each value.
Deleting WebQoS Log and Trace Files
The size of the WebQoS log and trace files is fairly small, unless you turn
on detailed log or trace levels. If you need to delete log or trace files, you
must first stop Microsoft IIS, then stop the WebQoS SCA and SCO (see
“Restarting Individual WebQoS Components” on page 30). You can then
delete the WebQoS log and trace files.

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Chapter 8

Policy and Rule Descriptions
This appendix describes request classification rules, service level
objectives, and threshold policies.

Appendix A

119

Policy and Rule Descriptions
Request Classification Rules

Request Classification Rules
In Windows and Solaris, if there is no request classification applied to a
request, the default class is low for SSL and non-SSL requests.
If more than one class rule match is found in the request, the highest
classification is chosen.
IP masking is allowed when entering an IP address in a request
classification rule. That is, you can enter an * (asterisk) instead of a
number in the last three octets of the IP address. The * represents the
octets from 0 to 255 and must be entered in consecutive positions to the
last octet. For example, if you enter the IP address of 1.2.3.*, you are
referring to IP addresses 1.2.3.0 to 1.2.3.255. If you enter the IP address
of 1.2.*.*, you are referring to IP addresses 1.2.0.0 to 1.2.255.255. If you
enter the IP address of 1.*.*.*, you are referring to IP addresses 1.0.0.0 to
1.255.255.255. The following are NOT VALID IP addresses using IP
masking: 1.*.3.4, 1.*.3.*, 1.*.*.4, and 1.2.*.4.
The request classification rules supported by WebQoS are listed below.
• Requests to URL document path PATH are CLASS (default)
You need to enter a URL document path in the Path input box. A
request classification (High, Medium, or Low) must be selected. This
rule then assigns the chosen class to all requests going to the URL
document path defined in the Path input box. Refer to the online help
for information about using wildcards in the URL document path.
• Requests to IP address ADDRESS are CLASS
You need to enter an IP address in the Address input box. A request
classification (High, Medium or Low) must be selected. This rule then
assigns the chosen class to all requests going to the IP address
defined in the Address input box. This option is most useful in
hardware virtual server configurations.
• Requests from IP address ADDRESS are CLASS
You need to enter an IP address in the Address input box. A request
classification (High, Medium or Low) must be selected. This rule then
assigns the chosen class to all requests coming from the IP address
defined in the Address input box.

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Policy and Rule Descriptions
Request Classification Rules

• Requests to port number NUMBER are CLASS
You need to enter a port number in the Port Number input box. A
request classification (High, Medium, or Low) must be selected. This
rule then assigns the chosen class to all requests going to the Port
Number specified in the input box.
• Requests to virtual server NAME are CLASS
You need to input a virtual server name in the Name input box. A
request classification (High, Medium or Low) must be selected. This
rule then assigns the chosen class to all requests going to the virtual
server defined in the Name input box.
The virtual server concept allows you to configure several “sites” on a
single http port. All the virtual sites are handled by the same web
server instance, but they appear to the user to be distinct sites.
This rule is only supported if the HTTPVersion web server parameter
in the qos.conf file is set to HTTP/1.1 (this is the default setting).

Appendix A

121

Policy and Rule Descriptions
Policies Set in WebQoS

Policies Set in WebQoS
There are two types of policies for WebQoS: business-oriented SLOs and
operations-oriented Threshold Policies. You define these two types of
policies and prioritize them relative to one another. WebQoS trades off
meeting these policies based on their priorities.
WebQoS uses priorities to determine which corrective actions to take
when one or more of the SLOs or Threshold policies are violated. When
multiple policies are violated, WebQoS executes the corrective actions
configured for the highest priority policy.
The scope of priorities apply across both SLOs and thresholds.
SLOs and thresholds involving the CPU are system-wide. All other SLOs
and thresholds are site-specific.

Service Level Objectives for Site
Service level objectives (SLOs) are measures that are typically
negotiated with a customer or business unit and specify the level of
service they expect you to provide. WebQoS helps you to meet these
expectations by monitoring compliance and taking corrective actions.
SLOs put limits on response time delays and minimum concurrent
session capacity.
The SLOs supported by WebQoS are:
• Maintain less than NUMBER millisecond avg response time
for CLASS priority requests
You can choose an appropriate NUMBER to input for the average
response time (in milliseconds) for each request classification (High,
Medium or Low) supported by the site.
• Support at least NUMBER WebQoS sessions
This SLO lets you support a specific NUMBER (for example, 20) of
concurrent sessions. It is tied to the average response time SLO
described in the previous bullet. It can only be violated if one or more
SLOs or thresholds are violated. The request classification CLASS
information is not supported.
Concurrent sessions means the total number of sessions that have not

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Policy and Rule Descriptions
Policies Set in WebQoS
expired (based on the configuration of the advanced features
discussed in “Session Timeouts” on page 69) and are possibly active.
This number does not indicate the total number of sessions currently
active on the system.
• Support at most NUMBER WebQoS sessions
This SLO lets you support a specific NUMBER (for example, 1000) of
concurrent sessions. The request classification CLASS information is
not supported.
Concurrent sessions means the total number of sessions that have not
expired (based on the configuration of the advanced features
discussed in “Session Timeouts” on page 69) and are possibly active.
This number does not indicate the total number of sessions currently
active on the system.

Service Level Objectives for the Service
WebQoS offers the following SLOs at the service level:
• Support at most NUMBER WebQoS sessions
This SLO lets you support a specific NUMBER (for example, 1000) of
concurrent sessions. The request classification CLASS information is
not supported.
Concurrent sessions means the total number of sessions that have not
expired and are possibly active.
• Ensure less than NUMBER millisecond response time for
CLASS requests to URL GROUP
For requests to the specified URL(s), make sure the response time is
met for the specified request classification. Refer to the online help for
information about using wildcards in the URL(s).
• Ensure MEASUREMENT is CONDITION NUMBER
Make sure the specified measurement meets the specified condition.

Appendix A

123

Policy and Rule Descriptions
Policies Set in WebQoS

Threshold Policy
The threshold policy is an “internal” measure used to ensure that your
system is operating in a reasonable performance range and does not get
overloaded. It puts limits on CPU load.
If CPU load gets too high, your server may get into a thrashing state
causing few or possibly no requests to be satisfied in a timely fashion. If
WebQoS queues begin to grow abnormally, this may signal a problem
with your web server or an application/database process that it relies
upon.
The threshold policy supported by WebQoS is:
• Ensure CPU is no more than PERCENT % busy
This threshold policy lets you specify the upper threshold of how busy
the CPU is. The CLASS request classification information is not
required.
You can define five threshold policies for up to five CPU thresholds.

Corrective Actions for SLO and Threshold Policy
Violations
Corrective actions are those actions taken to bring an SLO or threshold
policy into compliance. These actions are only performed on new
sessions. Existing sessions that are already admitted into the system are
not affected. The corrective actions supported by WebQoS are:
• Redirect sessions up to NUMBER times for CLASS priority
request
This corrective action limits the number of times a session can be
redirected. You enter the NUMBER of times for the respective priority
request. It is highly recommended that the specific URL all have
mirrored sites. You can redirect the session to the URL of a website
(for example, http://www.bigcompany.com) which would redirect
sessions to this specified location.
If the NUMBER of redirection is met, the next corrective action for this
class is executed. If no other corrective action for this class is found,
the session is admitted into the system. Therefore, it is highly
recommended that every redirection policy has a rejection action of
the same class following it in the corrective action list.

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Policies Set in WebQoS
• Reject CLASS priority requests
This corrective action rejects sessions for the respective priority
request.
When a session is rejected, WebQoS sends the rejected session a web
page indicating that the server is not available.
If both redirection and rejection actions are configured for any class,
the rejection action should be the last in the corrective action list. For
example, for any class, the order of its corrective action class could be:
“redirect, reject” but not “reject, redirect.”
Refer to “Customizing the Defer and Reject Web Pages” on page 125
for information about how to customize the Reject web page.
• Defer CLASS priority requests
This corrective action defers sessions for the priority request. The
deferred session is admitted instantly after the deferred time has
passed if the Automatically Enter checkbox is selected.
When a session is deferred, WebQoS sends the deferred session a
customized web page indicating that the web site is very busy, and
that the request will be fulfilled soon. The requestor sees a timer that
indicates when the request will be re-submitted automatically.
Refer to “Customizing the Defer and Reject Web Pages” below for
information about how to customize the Defer web page.
Customizing the Defer and Reject Web Pages
The defer and reject web pages can be customized by editing the
following files:
• Defer.html
• Reject.html
In UNIX, these files are located in the /etc/opt/webqos/html directory.
In Windows, these files are located in the \html
directory.
The customizable defer and reject web pages can be edited to contain
foreign language contents. In Windows, these customizable web pages do
not support Unicode.
You must restart the web server if you modify these files or path names.

Appendix A

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Policy and Rule Descriptions
Policies Set in WebQoS
To use the customizable reject web page, you must enable Reject
message is an HTML file name and enter the exact path name(s) and
filename in the Reject Message box (for example,
/etc/opt/webqos/html/Reject.html or
C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HPWebQoS\html\Reject.html).
You can also use your own reject web page. Be sure to enter its exact path
name(s) and filename in the Reject Message box and restart the web
server. If you enter the path name(s) or filename incorrectly, WebQoS
uses the Reject.html file instead.
To use the customizable defer page, you must enable Defer message is
a URL. The following are examples of customizable defer pages. One
example shows how to incorporate the configured URL (from the Defer
Corrective Action screen) into the defer page.

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Policy and Rule Descriptions
Policies Set in WebQoS
Using a Defer Timer If you are creating a Defer HTML page and want
to use the defer timer mechanism, you need to place the following form in
your page:

(minutes:seconds).

Figure A-1 shows the default defer page with a defer timer. The defer
timer displays the time remaining before the request is retried.
Figure A-1

Default Defer Page

Appendix A

127

Policy and Rule Descriptions
Policies Set in WebQoS
Using the Is URL Link Your defer page can also include a link to
another page that the user can go to while waiting for the original
request to be retried (see Figure A-2).
Figure A-2

Example of Custom Defer Page with Link

If you want to use the link you configured in the Defer Corrective
Actions screen (by selecting the Is URL checkbox, entering a URL in the
Defer Message box, and restarting the web server) within the defer page
you are creating, you must code the link using Javascript. This retains
the request’s position in the defer session queue. The Javascript dialog is
shown below:

Why not

view coupons while you wait?

Appendix A

129

Policy and Rule Descriptions
Policies Set in WebQoS
Using a Popup Window Your defer page can also include a popup
window that prompts the user to enter the site after the defer timer has
expired (see Figure A-3).
Figure A-3

Example of Custom Defer Page with Popup Dialog

You must code the popup using Javascript. This is shown below:

Why not

view coupons while you wait?

Appendix A

131

Policy and Rule Descriptions
Policies Set in WebQoS

132

Appendix A

External Measurement API
This appendix describes how to use the external measurement API.

Appendix B

133

External Measurement API
Using the External Measurement API

Using the External Measurement API
In Windows and Solaris, you must install the WebQoS API component.
The API allows you to send measurements to a customizable service level
SLO. The SLO is: Ensure is .
It is configured in the service template using the management console
(refer to the online help for more information about this SLO).
To use the API, do the following:
1. Choose a unique measurement name. The name you use in your
program must match the name you use in the service level SLO. If
you are configuring more than one SLO based on different
measurements, make sure you choose unique measurement names.
2. Write your program. Note the following:
• Include the following header file in your program:
In UNIX, the header file is
/opt/webqos/include/qosExternMeasApi.h
In Windows, the header file is
\include\qosExternMeasApi.h
• Call the following three methods in this order
(wqSendMeasurement() can be called multiple times within a
single wqCreateConnection() and wqCloseConnection()
pairing):
a. wqCreateConnection()
b. wqSendMeasurement()
c. wqCloseConnection()
• Link to the following library when compiling your program:
In UNIX, link to the file
/opt/webqos/lib/libqosExternMeasApi.sl
In Windows, link to the file
\lib\hpqosExternMeasApi.lib
3. Define the service level SLO in the service template using the
management console.

134

Appendix B

External Measurement API
Using the External Measurement API
4. If you want to create a log file, on the system running the SCO
component, enable the SCOLogExternMeas parameter in the
qos.conf file by setting it to 1. Restart the SCO.
5. Run your program.

Appendix B

135

External Measurement API
wqCreateConnection()

wqCreateConnection()
Establishes a connection to the SCI component of WebQoS.

Synopsis
#include or
#include \include\qosExternMeasApi.h
wqStatus wqCreateConnection(char *hostname, wqSocket *socket)

Arguments
hostname

The name of the system running the WebQoS SCI
component.

socket

The socket descriptor returned by WebQoS and used by
the two other methods to identify the connection to
WebQoS.

Return Value
wqCreateConnection() returns a non-negative value representing the
method status.
Return Value

Status

WQ_STATUS_OK

A connection with WebQoS has been established.

WQ_STATUS_FAILURE

Could not establish a connection with WebQoS.

136

Appendix B

External Measurement API
wqSendMeasurement()

wqSendMeasurement()
Sends the timestamp, measurement name, and measurement value to
WebQoS.

Synopsis
#include or
#include \include\qosExternMeasApi.h
wqStatus wqSendMeasurement(wqSocket socket, char *xmlString)

Arguments
socket

The socket descriptor returned by
wqCreateConnection() used to identify the
connection to WebQoS.

xmlString

Timestamp, measurement name(s), and measurement
value(s) in the following format:

TIMESTAMPMEASUREMENT_NAME
MEASUREMENT_VALUE

where TIMESTAMP is the unformatted timestamp (in
milliseconds), MEASUREMENT_NAME must match the
measurement name you configured or will configure in
the service level SLO, and MEASUREMENT_VALUE is the
value of the measurement. More than one measPair
can be included in the xmlString.

xmlString cannot be greater than 1024 characters (as
defined by WQ_MAX_XML_STRING_SIZE in the
header file).

Appendix B

137

External Measurement API
wqSendMeasurement()

Return Value
wqSendMeasurement() returns a non-negative value representing the
method status.
Return Values

Status

WQ_STATUS_OK

The measurement has been sent to WebQoS.

WQ_STATUS_PACK_ERR

Packing error.

WQ_STATUS_UNPACK_ERR

Unpacking error.

WQ_STATUS_READ_ERR

Error reading from the socket.

WQ_STATUS_DIR_ERR

Unrecognized data read.

WQ_STATUS_MEM_ERR

Memory allocation error.

WQ_STATUS_PART_READ_ERR Partial read error.
WQ_STATUS_WRITE_ERR

138

Error writing to the socket.

Appendix B

External Measurement API
wqCloseConnection()

wqCloseConnection()
Closes the connection to the SCI component of WebQoS.

Synopsis
#include or
#include \include\qosExternMeasApi.h
wqStatus wqCloseConnection(wqSocket socket)

Arguments
socket

The socket descriptor returned by
wqCreateConnection() used to close the connection
to WebQoS.

Return Value
wqCloseConnection() returns a non-negative value representing the
method status.
Return Value

Status

WQ_STATUS_OK

The connection with WebQoS has been closed.

Appendix B

139

External Measurement API
Sample Program

Sample Program
This sample UNIX program is an example of how the three methods can
be used. It prompts for the name of the system to connect to and the
measurement name and value to supply to the service level SLO.
To successfully run this program, you must first configure the service
level SLO. The measurement name you type in response to the
measurement name prompt must match the name you configured for the
SLO.
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define MAX_TOKEN 64
/******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************
* SOURCE FILE : Test.c
*
* PURPOSE : A sample test program that invokes the methods in the external
*
measurement API and changes the statistic values. It makes the
*
following three calls to the API.
*
*
1. wqStatus wqCreateConnection(char *hostname, wqSocket *socket):This
*
call sets up the connection with the SCI. This method returns an
*
integer indicating success or failure.
*
*
2. wqStatus wqSendMeasurement(wqSocket socket, char *xmlString): This
*
call sends the xml string to the SCI, again returning an integer to
*
success or failure.
*
*
3. wqStatus wqCloseConnection(wqSocket socket): This call closes the
*
connection between the SCI and the API.
*
*******************************************************************************
*******************************************************************************/
void main()
{
char xmlString[WQ_MAX_XML_STRING_SIZE];
char measName[MAX_TOKEN];

140

// Measurement Name

Appendix B

External Measurement API
Sample Program
char measValue[MAX_TOKEN];
char hostname[MAX_TOKEN];
char str_timestamp[MAX_TOKEN];
wqStatus status = 0;
wqSocket socket;
char flag = ‘y’;
double timestamp;
long l_timestamp;

// Measurement Value as a char array
// SCI System Name
// timestamp as a char array
// status code
//socket Descriptor

// get the SCI system name
printf(“Enter the host name:\n”);
gets(hostname);
// connect to the SCI
status = wqCreateConnection(hostname, &socket);
if (status == WQ_STATUS_OK)
{
// calculate the timestamp, once the connection is set up
timestamp = (double)time(NULL); /* convert seconds to milliseconds */
l_timestamp = ceil(timestamp);
// convert the timestamp into char*
ltoa(l_timestamp, str_timestamp,10);
// see the Schema file or the DTD to create an xml string.
// create the xml string with the appropriate values and tags.
strcpy(xmlString,””);
strcat(xmlString, str_timestamp);
strcat(xmlString, “”);
while(flag == ‘y’)
{
fflush(stdin);
strcat(xmlString, “”);
printf(“Enter the Measurement Name :\n”);
gets(measName);
printf(“Enter the Value:\n”);
gets(measValue);
strcat(xmlString,measName);
strcat(xmlString,””);
strcat(xmlString,measValue);
strcat(xmlString,””);
printf(“Do you want to Continue :(y-yes)\n”);
scanf(“%c”, &flag);
}
// send the xml string to the SCI
status = wqSendMeasurement(socket, xmlString);

Appendix B

141

External Measurement API
Sample Program
}
// close the connection once everything is done
if (status == WQ_STATUS_OK)
status = wqCloseConnection(socket);
}

142

Appendix B

Glossary

A
admission control - A type of
access control that is focused on
protecting the system from
overload. Based on one or more
system load thresholds, it makes
decisions about what type of
requests to admit and which ones
to defer, redirect or reject.

C
class - See request classification
rule.
co-hosting - The sharing of a
server/cluster by several sites
whose contents are typically
owned and supplied by different
companies or business units.
Service isolation features within
the system and the web server
prevent different sites from
interfering with each other.
co-location - The sharing of a
physical premise by
servers/clusters each hosting a
different site, typically owned by
different companies or business
units. The businesses or business
units save money by having one
organization (Information
Technology or a service provider)
manage and maintain the
systems. The machines, however,
are considered to be owned by the
business or business unit.

expired (based on the
configuration of the advanced
features under “Session
Timeouts”) and are possibly
active. This number does not
indicate the total number of
sessions currently active on the
system.
corrective action - A set of one
or more actions that are invoked
when an SLO is violated. The set
of potential actions are intended
to alleviate the condition by
causing a lower priority SLO to be
violated, or by reducing load on
the system via session deferral or
rejection.

D
database - Stores configuration
and event information, statistics,
and component status. Resides on
only one system in your WebQoS
domain.
deferral - The postponement of
the servicing of a user request. A
deferral is performed by an
admission controller, typically in
response to heavy load on the
server. The request is given a time
slot at which it is expected that
the server will have enough
capacity to handle the entire
session.

concurrent sessions - The total
number of sessions that have not

143

differentiated access - Access
based on classification rules.
Requests associated with one
classification rule might be
admitted while those associated
with another are not.

Protocols that are used for network
quality of service. For example, IP
ToS, RSVP, 802.1p, etc. Also known
as QoS behavior.

differentiated performance -

persistent connection - An
HTTP 1.1 feature in which a
connection established with a web
browser remains open for the
servicing of additional subsequent
requests coming from that browser.

Differentiated response time and
throughput achieved via queuing,
process control, and flow control.
Differentiation may be based on
request classifications.

I
IP precedence - Refers to the
precedence field in the ToS byte
(see ToS byte) in IP. See RFC 1812.
In WebQoS, the low-order 2 bits
are used.

L
load balancer - A network
element that directs traffic to
servers within a server farm based
on the current load being
processed by the servers.

M
management console - Allows
you to define performance
objectives for the components of
the service and to monitor
performance levels and SLOs.

N
network QoS protocols -

144

priority - Request classifications
determine how quickly a request is
processed. Priorities are
designated as high, medium, or
low.

R
redirection - Redirection of a
session to a specified URL that has
WebQoS configured and running.
rejection - The decision not to
satisfy a user request. A rejection
is performed by an admission
controller, typically in response to
heavy load on the server. The user
may come back at a later time
when the server is less busy. The
rejection may contain special
incentives for the user to return
later, such as a personalized
promotion or an electronic coupon.

request classification rule Determines the processing
priority and access priority for
requests submitted to a web site.
During periods of heavy system
load, low priority requests may be
deferred or rejected. (This
depends on your specific policies.)
If a request is accepted, it is
placed on a processing queue,
based on its request class priority.
Based on your specified policies,
the request might be immediately
processed, or may “sit” in the
queue while other higher priority
requests are processed first.

performs corrective actions.
Resides on at least one system in
your WebQoS domain.

Service Level Agreement
(SLA) - A negotiated agreement
between service providers (or
information technology) and
businesses or business divisions.
SLAs contain one or more service
level objectives (SLOs) that
describe performance and capacity
requirements for a given service
hosted by the service provider.
The SLA will often specify any
penalties associated with violation
of the objectives.

service - Something of value that
a business is offering. A service is
made up of a collection of service
components (see service
components), such as web sites,
ftp sites, mail sites, customer
databases, pricing rules,
application logic modules, and so
on
service component - A
component that provides business
specific data or processing rules.
Examples include Internet service
sites (for example, web sites, ftp
sites), databases, business logic
modules, business specific rules
and scripts, and so on.
Service Control Agent (SCA) Monitors site level SLOs, classifies
user requests, collects
performance information, and

Service Control Interface
(SCI) - Receives configuration
information from the management
console and API and monitors the
SCO and SCA(s). Resides on at
least one system in your WebQoS
domain.
Service Control Operator
(SCO) - Monitors service level
SLOs. Resides on only one system
in your WebQoS domain.

Service Level Objective (SLO)
- A performance (response time),
capacity, or availability objective
for a service. Typically, there are
several SLOs, each stating a very
specific objective, possibly tied to a
particular request classification
rule. Action policies state
corrective actions that may be
taken when a SLO is in jeopardy.

145

service-oriented request
classification - A request
classification that focuses on the
destination (specific module or
content) of a request.
session - In WebQoS, a session is
composed of one or more requests
to a web site. These requests may
arrive over one, or possibly several
connections. Once a session has
been granted, a user’s remaining
requests are guaranteed to be
forwarded to the web server, unless
the session times out. Under
periods of heavy system load, it is
possible that new sessions will not
be granted. (This is driven by your
specific policies.) However, existing
sessions continue uninterrupted.
shared server/cluster - A system
or cluster of systems that host
services and content belonging to
several businesses or business
units.

T
threshold policy - An SLO
defined by an IT/ISP administrator
for the purposes of monitoring and
maintaining the health and well
being of the complex as well as
keeping critical services up and
running. This SLO is private to the
service provider and are distinct
from business SLOs which are
explicitly negotiated with a hosting
customer.
ToS byte - Type of Service byte in

146

the IP header. In RFC1812, it is
divided into three sections: the
precedence field (high-order 3 bits),
a field that is customarily called
type of service or ToS (next 4 bits),
and a reserved bit (the low order
bit).
transparent classification - The
classification performed by
examining the attributes of a
request such as whom it came
from, where it is destined, or the
type of service for which the
request is constructed. The
application is unaware that the
classification has been performed
by WebQoS.

U
URL document path - The
directory path and filename of the
URL used to access the site. For
example, given the URL
http://some.system.domain.com/my
_path/index.html, the URL
document path is
/my_path/index.html

Index
A
accept threads
modifying, 70
add
service, 78
service SLOs, 52
site, 80
site SLOs, 62
site threshold policies, 65
system, 82
systems, 30
admission control, 143
advanced features
configuring, 68
auto discovery, 43
C
capacity protection, 15
change
logging levels, UNIX, 112
logging levels, Windows, 116
management server, 45
tracing levels, UNIX, 112
tracing levels, Windows, 116
classification rule
See request classification rule, 120
co-hosting, 143
co-location, 143
communications component, 19
component
communications, 19
database, 19
management console, 19
management server, 19
restarting, 30
SCA, 19
SCI, 19
SCO, 19
services, 19
WebQoS, 18
concepts of WebQoS, 14
concurrent session, 143
configuration file, 22
logging parameters, 28
modifying before startup, 22
qos.conf, 23
SCA parameters, 23, 26
SCO parameters, 27
tracing parameters, 28

URL encoding parameters, 29
web server parameters, 23
configure
advanced features, 68
policies, 122
connect
management server, 45
corrective action, 16, 124, 143
service SLOs, 54
customize
defer web page, 125
reject web page, 125
D
database component, 19
default service template, 48
default site template, 48
default templates, 48
defer
popup web page, 130
timer web page, 127
URL link web page, 128
web page customization, 125
deferral, 143
delete
log files, Windows, 117
service, 79
site, 81
system, 37, 82
trace files, Windows, 117
differentiated access, 144
display
service performance statistics, 86
site statistics, 90
E
edit
service, 78
site, 80
error messages, UNIX
management console, 110
shared memory, 110
error messages, Windows
management console, 115
shared memory, 114
F
filter
history log, 102

147

Index
SLOs, 100
thresholds, 100
H
history log
filtering, 102
viewing, 98
I
icons, 43
initialization, 21
installation directory, Windows, 22
installing WebQoS, 22
IP precedence, 144
L
load balancer, 144
log in
management console, 40
logging
changing levels, UNIX, 112
changing levels, Windows, 116
configuration file parameters, 28
deleting files, Windows, 117
measurements, UNIX, 112
OpenView, 104
service statistics, 50
site statistics, 74
statistics, UNIX, 112
UNIX, 111, 112
Windows, 116
M
management console, 19, 39, 144
error messages, UNIX, 110
error messages, Windows, 115
logging in, 40
main screen, 41
starting, 40
management server, 19
changing, 45
connecting, 45
management station
See management server, 45
measurement logging
UNIX, 112
modify
accept threads, 70
configuration files, 22
148

management console password, 44
session timeouts, 69
move
service, 78
site, 80
O
OpenView logs, 104
P
password
change, 44
resetting, 44
performance statistics
service, 86
persistent connection, 144
policy
configuring, 122
setting, 122
popup
web page, 130
preconfigured templates, 48
priority, 144
Q
qos.conf, 23
R
redirection, 144
reject
web page customization, 125
rejection, 144
request classification, 14
request classification rule, 120, 145
reset
management console password, 44
restart
components, 30
SCA, 30
SCI, 30
SCO, 30
rules
classification, 120
S
SCA, 19, 145
configuration file parameters, 23, 26
restarting, 30
SCI, 19, 145

Index
restarting, 30
SCO, 19, 145
configuration file parameters, 27
restarting, 30
script
setup, 30
setup -r, 37
service, 14, 145
adding, 78
component, 145
defer related statistics, 89
deleting, 79
displaying performance statistics, 86
editing, 78
enabling logging statistics, 50
moving, 78
session control statistics, 88
SLO related statistics, 86
Service Level Agreement, 145
service view, 43
service-oriented request classification, 146
services component, 19
session, 14, 146
modifying timeouts, 69
setup, 21
setup script, 30
-r option, 37
setup steps, 22
shared memory
error messages, UNIX, 110
error messages, Windows, 114
shared server/cluster, 146
site
adding, 80
deleting, 81
displaying statistics, 90
editing, 80
enabling logging statistics, 74
moving, 80
session control statistics, 92
SLO related statistics, 91
SLO, 15, 122, 145
adding for a service, 52
adding for a site, 62
adding site threshold policies, 65
corrective actions, 124
filtering, 100
specifying service corrective actions, 54
viewing, 96
start

management console, 40
statistics
defer related for a service, 89
displaying service, 86
displaying site, 90
enabling logging for a service, 50
enabling logging for a site, 74
session control for a service, 88
session control for a site, 92
SLO related for a service, 86
SLO related for a site, 91
statistics logging
UNIX, 112
switch
management server, 45
system
adding, 30, 82
deleting, 37, 82
system view, 43
T
template
default, 48
preconfigured, 48
threads
modifying, 70
threshold, 15
filtering, 100
viewing, 96
threshold policy, 146
adding to a site, 65
corrective actions, 124
timeouts
modifying session, 69
timer
web page, 127
ToS byte, 146
tracing
changing levels, UNIX, 112
changing levels, Windows, 116
configuration file parameters, 28
deleting files, Windows, 117
UNIX, 111, 112
Windows, 116
transparent classification, 146
U
URL document path, 146
URL encoding

149

Index
configuration file parameters, 29
URL link
web page, 128
user class
See request classification, 14
V
view
history log, 98
SLOs, 96
thresholds, 96
W
web page
customizing, 125
defer default, 125
defer popup, 130
defer timer, 127
defer URL link, 128
reject default, 125
web server
configuration file parameters, 23
modifying accept threads, 70
WebQoS
concepts, 14
configuration files, 22
first steps, 21
initialization, 21
installation, 22
setup, 21

150

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