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| Document Description | User_Manual |
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| Document Title | User_Manual |
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| Document Author: | China |
Geodetic GNSS Receiver (P3DT)
1103906523
User Guide
Revision 2.0
May 16, 2018
Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology LTD.
Table of Content
Table of Content.............................................................................................................2
Preface............................................................................................................................4
Copyright................................................................................................................ 4
Safety Warnings......................................................................................................4
1 Introduction................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 About the Receiver...........................................................................................5
1.2 Technical Support............................................................................................. 5
1.3 Disclaimer......................................................................................................... 6
1.4 User’s Comments............................................................................................. 6
2 Overview..................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Receiver Framework.........................................................................................7
2.1.1 The Network Appliance Concept...........................................................8
2.2 Receiver Services.............................................................................................. 8
2.3 Receiver Features............................................................................................. 9
2.4 Insert Battery and SIM Card............................................................................. 9
2.5 Electronic Interfaces......................................................................................... 9
2.6 P3DT Accessories............................................................................................10
2.7 Front Connectors............................................................................................11
2.8 Rear View........................................................................................................13
3 Setting Up the Receiver............................................................................................ 14
3.1 System Installation......................................................................................... 14
3.1.1 Supported Antenna............................................................................. 14
3.1.2 System Installation Diagram................................................................14
4 Configure P3DT Using CHC Software........................................................................16
4.1 Configure P3DT Work Mode by Hcconfig.......................................................16
4.1.1 Two Ways to Connect P3DT.................................................................16
4.1.2 RTK Set.................................................................................................17
4.1.3 Radio Mode......................................................................................... 18
4.1.4 CORS Mode..........................................................................................18
4.1.5 APIS Mode........................................................................................... 18
4.2 Configure P3DT using Winflash...................................................................... 19
4.2.1 Receiver Firmware Upgrade................................................................ 19
4.2.2 IP Configuration...................................................................................21
4.3 Configure through Web Browser....................................................................22
4.3.1 I/O Configuration.................................................................................23
4.3.2 Ethernet Port Configuration................................................................ 24
4.4 Connect P3DT using GNSSTool....................................................................... 25
4.5 Receiver Registration......................................................................................26
5 Specifications............................................................................................................ 26
5.1 GNSS Characteristics.......................................................................................26
5.2 Communications.............................................................................................27
5.3 Physical........................................................................................................... 28
5.4 Electrical......................................................................................................... 28
5.5 General........................................................................................................... 29
Firmware Upgrading....................................................................................... 29
AI The Winflash Utility..........................................................................................29
AII Upgrading the receiver firmware through com port...................................... 29
B Trouble Shooting.......................................................................................................30
BI Receiver Issues................................................................................................. 30
C Communication Ports Definition............................................................................ 32
CI CHC P3DT Receiver DB9 Male Connector Definition....................................... 32
D Glossary.................................................................................................................... 32
Preface
Copyright
Copyright 2014-2015
Copyright 2009-2015 CHC | Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Ltd. All rights
reserved. The CHC are trademark of Shanghai Huae Navigation Technology Limited.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Trademarks
All product and brand names mentioned in this publication are trademarks of their
respective holders.
Safety Warnings
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is operated by the U.S. Government, which is
solely responsible for the accuracy and maintenance of the GPS network. Accuracy
can also be affected by poor satellite geometry and obstructions, like buildings and
heavy canopy.
1 Introduction
The P3DT GNSS Reference Receiver User Guide describes how to set up and use the
CHC® P3DT™ GNSS reference receiver.
In this manual, “the receiver” refers to the P3DT GNSS reference receiver unless
otherwise stated.
Even if you have used other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) products
before, CHC recommends that you spend some time reading this manual to learn
about the special features of this product. If you are not familiar with GNSS, go to
www.chcnav.com for an interactive look at CHC and GNSS.
1.1 About the Receiver
The P3DT GNSS reference receiver (“the receiver”) is a multiple-constellation and
multiple-frequency GNSS receiver.
You can use the front panel of the receiver or an office computer to configure the
receiver, download data or publish it on your company intranet or the Internet. The
receiver makes it easy for you to set up a powerful, flexible, and reliable reference
station for continuous operation.
The receiver can serve as common geodetic reference receiver. It can be main
component in a Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS), streaming data to
CHC GNSS Infrastructure software. It can also work well as a campaign receiver prior
to permanent deployment. The receiver makes an excellent portable RTK base
station with its internal battery. It also has specialized capabilities that make it an
excellent reference receiver for scientific applications.
1.2 Technical Support
If you have any problem and cannot find the information you need on CHC website
(www.chcnav.com), please contact local CHC dealer from which you purchased the
receiver(s).
If you need help from CHC technical support, feel free to contact us online via skype
(chc_support) or send email to support@chcnav.com.
1.3 Disclaimer
Before using the receiver, please make sure that you have read and understood this
User Guide, as well as the safety requirements. CHC holds no responsibility for the
wrong operation by users and for the losses incurred by the wrong understanding
about this User Guide. However, CHC reserves the rights to update and optimize the
contents in this guide regularly. Please contact your local CHC dealer for new
information.
1.4 User’s Comments
Your feedback about this user guide will help us to improve it in future revision.
Please email your comments to support@chcnav.com.
2 Overview
This chapter is a introduction about the P3DT GNSS reference receiver (“the
receiver”). This receiver makes it easier for users to set up a powerful and reliable
Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) or temporary data collection in the
field.
The receiver is an ideal choice for the following applications:
As part of a GNSS Infrastructure network integrated with CHC Precision Service
(CPS) software.
As part of a permanent reference station with or without related software.
As a temporary base station in field to broadcast RTK corrections and collect
observation data for post processing.
2.1 Receiver Framework
The receiver integrates multi-frequency GNSS technology into a specialized
processing and communication framework. The receiver can either operate as a
stand alone reference station or be integrated into a scalable network.
Using IP (Internet Protocol) as primary communications method, users can use public
domain tools such as a web browser or FTP client, to configure the receiver and
access logged data files.
NOTE - All references to the Internet refer to either a Wide Area Network (WAN) or a
Local Area Network (LAN) connection.
The receiver adopts a secured system that requires password to log in for further
receiver configuration and data access.
Use the network management features to create a base/rover configuration with a
variety of operating modes. You can then enable those modes as necessary instead
of switching the global state of the receiver from one mode to another. For example,
you can configure a number of streaming services with different configurations (such
as any combination of data stream, sample interval) on different TCP or UDP ports.
To activate one or more modes, open the connection to the specific port. This allows
multiple clients to access any given streaming service.
These kinds of features, shift the model of a GNSS receiver toward the concept of a
"network appliance".
2.1.1 The Network Appliance Concept
Traditionally, a GNSS receiver has only one user. Thus that only one user can change
the settings without affecting other users.
However, P3DT has more than one users. That means an operator can make it
available as a network appliance for more than one users (or clients).
This network appliance concept brings multiple services to many other users via
LAN(Local Area Network) or WAN(Wide Area Network) such as the Internet. Only a
few small changes is needed after the receiver was set up.
lets you set up the receiver to provide one or more services that one or more users
can access through a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), such
as the Internet. Once the receiver is set up, you need make only minimal changes, if
any, to the receiver configuration.
When the receiver is operating as a network appliance, it provides services to all
users attached to the receiver through the network.
Different streamed services may be configured on different ports, for example, with
differing data rates or data combination. To obtain a service, the client has only to
connect to a specific port. In this way, most users do not need to control the receiver.
Changing global settings, such as masks, will affect all users of all services.
The receiver provides the following standard configuration and data logging services:
Use
To perform
HTTP
All manual and automated configuration operations to
manage the logged data file space.
FTP
Remote manual and/or automated operations to
manage the logged data file upload path.
2.2 Receiver Services
The receiver more than one data streaming and query services either through a
RS-232 serial port or a TCP/IP port:
Streaming service
Anyone with authorized access can obtain streamed information, such as GNSS
measurements or RTCM corrections, without having to control or issue commands to
the receiver. Users only need to connect with the port that is streaming the required
information.
2.3 Receiver Features
220-channels
– GPS: L1 C/A, L2E, L2C, L5
– GLONASS: L1 C/A, L1 P, L2 C/A, L2 P
– Galileo: L1 BOC, E5A, E5B, E5AltBOC
– BDS: B1, B2
– SBAS: L1 C/A, L5
– QZSS: L1 C/A, L1 SAIF, L2C, L5
Easy-to-use web page for quick configuration and status checking
IP65 water proof and dust proof level, rugged design
-40°C to +75°C (-40°F to +167°F) operating temperature
9 V to 36 V DC power input
Multiple languages available for web interface
NTRIP client/server/caster support
Integrated Bluetooth wireless technology for cable-free data transmission
2.4 Insert Battery and SIM Card
This receiver can withstand harsh environment that typically occurs during CORS
installation. However, it is a high-precision electronic instrument and should be
treated with reasonable care.
CAUTION – Operating or storing the receiver outside the specified temperature
range can damage it.
2.5 Electronic Interfaces
High-power signals from a nearby radio or radar transmitter can overwhelm the
receiver circuits. This does not harm the instrument, but it can prevent the receiver
electronics from functioning correctly.
Avoid locating the receiver or antenna within 400 meters of powerful radar,
television, or other transmitters or GNSS antennas. Low-power transmitters, such as
those in cell phones and two-way radios, normally do not interfere with receiver
operations.
2.6 P3DT Accessories
The table below provides an overview of the different items composing the P3DT.
Name
Photo
CHC P3DT GNSS
Receiver
DB9 to DB9 Cable
GPS Antenna Cable
Power Cable
Φ2.5-0.75m DC
Semi-finished Line
A220GR Geodetic GNSS
Antenna
10
Magnetic Mount
Magnetic Mount UHF
Antenna
GPRS Antenna (SMA)
2.7 Front Connectors
Feature
Description
11
1
TNC
Connect to the GNSS antenna
TNC
Connect to the GNSS antenna
LED
From left to right in picture above:
Satellites LED.
Record LED.
Correction LED
Power LED
TNC
Connect to the Radio antenna
DB9
RS-232 serial port, 9-pin male connector
DB9
RS-232 serial port, 9-pin male connector
Lemo (2-pin) port
Power Supply
12
2.8 Rear View
Feature
Description
TNC
Connect with GNSS antenna
SMA
Connect to the 3G antenna
SIM card slot
Support to insert SIM card with middle size
RJ45 jack
Supports links to 10BaseT/100BaseT auto-negotiate
networks
HTTP, TCP/IP, UDP, FTP, NTRIP Caster, NTRIP Server,
NTRIP Client
Simultaneously transmits multiple data stream
13
3 Setting Up the Receiver
This chapter describes best practices for setting up the equipment, and outline the
precautions that you must take to protect the equipment. It also describes the typical
installation diagram of reference station composed of P3DT GNSS receiver, GNSS
antenna, external power and network cable.
3.1 System Installation
3.1.1 Supported Antenna
The receiver provides two TNC-type female connectors for connecting to antenna.
The receiver is intended for use with two CHC Geodetic GNSS antennas.
CHC A220GR GNSS
Geodetic Antenna
Other GNSS antennas may however be used ensuring that the antenna receive the
proper GNSS frequencies and operates at either 3.3V or 7.1V with a signal greater
than 40 dB at the antenna port.
3.1.2 System Installation Diagram
The typical installation diagram of the CHC P3DT GNSS receiver connected with CHC
A220GR GNSS Geodetic Antenna, external power supply and network cable.
14
CHC A220GR GNSS
Geodetic Antenna
Data Cable
GNSS Antenna
Cable
Network Cable
Power Cable Adapter
1. Install the GNSS antenna at the
appropriate location; connect the
antenna to the TNC Plug Socket of P3DT
via the GNSS Antenna Cable.
2. Power the P3DT by external power
source (e.g. mains supply) with Adapter
via Power Cable.
A. Connect the 2-pin Lemo of CHC Power Cable to P3DT.
B. Plug the male jack connector of Adapter into the female connector of CHC
Power Cable.
C. Connect two leg plugs or three leg plugs of Adapter to the mains supply.
3. Connect the network cable to the RJ45 jack of P3DT to link the P3DT with
network.
NOTE: Also, the P3DT can be powered by external battery via CHC Data Cable. And
the power supply voltage should be controlled between 9 to 36 V DC.
15
4 Configure P3DT Using CHC Software
The P3DT is a versatile GNSS Sensor which offers various setup and
configuration software tools. Those software tools are described in the
following pages. Please read this Getting Started Guide carefully before
selecting the most appropriate ones for your application.
The configuration of the P3DT Sensor can be performed via the serial port link
(RS232 or USB).
4.1 Configure P3DT Work Mode by Hcconfig
4.1.1 Two Ways to Connect P3DT
There are two ways to connect the P3DT with PC.
1.Via cable
Connect P3DT with computer via COM1 by DB9 to DB9 Cable.
Open Hcconfig, Manufacture select CHC, Device Type select GNSS RTK, choose the
right port and baud (default baud 9600), click connect.
2.Via Bluetooth
Search the Bluetooth signal and connect the signal named as GNSS###### (SN of the
receiver), the PIN is 1234.
16
Then, the config steps are the same with these two kinds of connections.
4.1.2 RTK Set
Choose
in software interface, Output Mode select Normal,
Output Freq. select 1Hz (can be set by needed), Receiver Mode select Auto Rover,
Transmit Port select GPRS Or UHF, Data Format is the same as base station, click set
firstly and click get to check whether the setting is saved.
NOTE: After clicking set, receiver will restart, please click get when P3DT track
satellites normally.
17
4.1.3 Radio Mode
Click into
, work mode select Internal UHF, Protocol and
Frequency select according to base station, click set firstly and click get to check
whether the setting is saved.
4.1.4 CORS Mode
Insert SIM card (middle-sized), Work Mode select GPRS, Mode select Rover, Protocol
select Ntrip Client, input Address, Port, Source (click get firstly), User Name and
Password (Server is left blank), click Auto Login, click set firstly and click get to check
whether the setting is saved. After setting successfully, correction LED will be on.
4.1.5 APIS Mode
Insert SIM card, Work Mode select GPRS, Mode select Rover, Server is left blank,
18
Protocol select APIS, input Address, Port and Base ID (CHC receivers recommend to
be base station), click set firstly and click get to check whether the setting is saved.
After setting successfully, correction LED will be on.
4.2 Configure P3DT using Winflash
Install WinFlash on your PC
Connect the P3DT to your PC using the GPS to PC Data cable by COM2 or
Bluetooth
4.2.1 Receiver Firmware Upgrade
Start the WinFlash utility. The Device Configuration screen appears.
From the PC serial port field, select the serial (COM2) port on the computer that the
receiver is connected to Click Next.
19
Select Load GPS software and then click Next. From the Available Software list, select
the latest version and then click Next.
If all is correct, click Finish, then Click OK. The Software Upgrade window appears
again and states that the operation was completed successfully.
20
.
4.2.2 IP Configuration
Start WinFlash and follow the instruction below to set the static IP of P3DT sensor to
log on internet.
21
4.3 Configure through Web Browser
When connecting the P3DT to your PC using the LAN cable for the first time, follow
the steps, if you already configuration P3DT static IP, please directly using this static
IP to configuration P3DT.
Set your PC IP address to “Obtain an IP address automatically
Connect PC with P3DT with a LAN cable
Type http://169.254.1.0 in your default Internet browser
Enter default User name = admin and Password = password
Press OK to login.
The P3DT GNSS Sensor configuration screen will appear
The following menus are available on the left side on the screen:
Receiver Status
22
Satellites
Receiver Configuration
I/O Configuration
Network Configuration
Security
Firmware and Help
Change the User Interface Language
Check the receiver Status: differential status, receiver options
Satellites configuration (Enable / Disable)
Important Setting: set up NTRIP Client and Data output message
IP configuration to set the P3DT Static IP address
4.3.1 I/O Configuration
After configuring the P3DT via COM2, user can connect P3DT with PC via
network cable.
I/O Configuration Interface
23
Serial Port Configuration Interface
4.3.2 Ethernet Port Configuration
After configuring the P3DT via COM2, in I/O configuration interface, choose TCP/IP,
set up P3DT via following interface.
Data Output Option
24
Data Output Configuration
4.4 Connect P3DT using GNSSTool
Turn on the receiver → Launch GNSSTool → press config on the bottom of the screen
→ choose Connect.
In the Connect screen, set Device Type as GNSS RTK, Connection Type as Bluetooth.
Tap Target Bluetooth at the third row, press Bluetooth icon at right top of the screen
and connect to the receiver’s Bluetooth whose name is the GNSS-XXXXXXX (the SN of
the current receiver, PIN is 1234).
One step back, choose paired Bluetooth device with the receiver’s SN. Press Connect
on the lower right of the screen.
25
4.5 Receiver Registration
If the receiver is expired, it will do not output data normally. Please contact CHC
Support, ask for registration code and register it via HCconfig.
Connect P3DT with PC via DB9 to DB9 cable, open HCconfig and click Device Info.,
click Register, input registration code, when registration is finished, click Get to
refresh the Expiration Date.
5 Specifications
This chapter describes the specifications of the P3DT GNSS reference receiver.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
5.1 GNSS Characteristics
Feature
Tracking
Specification
220 channels
– GPS: L1 C/A, L2C, L2E, L5
– GLONASS: L1 C/A, L1P, L2C/A, L2P
– SBAS: L1 C/A, L5
26
– Galileo: L1 BOC, E5A, E5B, E5AltBOC
– BDS: B1, B2
– QZSS: L1 C/A, L1 SAIF, L2C, L5
Pseudo-range measurement with high-precision
multi-correlator
Very low noise carrier phase measurements with
<1 mm precision in a 1 Hz bandwidth
Real Time Kinematic
(RTK)
Horizontal: 8 mm + 1 ppm RMS
Initialization time
Typically < 1 minute
Initialization reliability
Typically > 99.9%
Vertical: 15 mm + 1 ppm RMS
5.2 Communications
Feature
Specification
RJ45 Jack
Ethernet
COM1 (DB9 male)
3-wire RS232, see C.I. CHC N72 receiver DB9
maleconnector definition for details
COM2 (DB9 male)
3-wire RS232, see C.I. CHC N72 receiver DB9 male
connector definition for details
LEMO PORT (2-pin)
Power Supply
Protocols
Correction formats: CMR, CMR+, SCMR, RTCM2.3, 3.0
Observables: RT17, RT27, RTCM3.X
Position/Status I/O: NMEA-0183 V2.30 (GPGGA &
GPGSV)
27
5.3 Physical
Feature
Specification
Size
175.5 x 140 x 63.8 mm (6.9 x 5.5 x 2.5 in)
Weight
1.2 kg (42 oz)
Operating temperature
-40 °C to +75 °C (-40 °F to +167 °F)
Storage temperature
-55 °C to +85 °C (-67 °F to +185 °F)
Humidity
100% condensation
Waterproof and dust
proof
Tested to IP65; dustproof
Shock
Designed to survive a 2 m (6.56 ft) drop onto concrete
5.4 Electrical
Feature
Power consumption
Specification
4.5 W
Power input on Lemo ports is 9 V DC to 36 V DC
external power input
28
5.5 General
Feature
Specification
Receiver type
GNSS receiver
Antenna type
CHC A220GR GNSS Geodetic antenna
Other models supported.
A Firmware Upgrading
The receiver is supplied with the latest version of the receiver firmware already
installed. If a later version of the firmware becomes available, use the serial port to
upgrade the firmware on your receiver. For the latest firmware resource, please
consult your local CHC dealer.
AI The Winflash Utility
The WinFlash utility communicates with CHC products to perform various functions
including:
load or verify GPS software of the mainboard
update or verify the receiver options
For more information, online help is also available when using the WinFlash utility.
AII Upgrading the receiver firmware through com port
1. Use the 2-pin lemo cable to power the receiver and to connect the receiver with
the computer’s COM1 port.
29
A Communication Ports Definition
2. Run the firmware update application. Restart the receiver and then the screen
will prompt you whether to upgrade the firmware.
3. Click
button, and then go to Connect Setup.
4. Select the COM port that used to connect the receiver with your computer for
Port and click OK button.
5. Go to Connect→Link (or click
6. Click
button).
button and then the prompt about restarting the receiver will be
shown in the message box.
7. Turn off the receiver, wait for about 5 seconds, and then turn on the receiver, the
update application program will update the receiver automatically.
8. When the update is complete, the prompt box will display. Click Ok and then exit
the update application program.
9. Once the firmware update is done, turn off the receiver for about 5 seconds, and
you will have the correct version of firmware.
NOTE: After the receiver firmware upgrading, the IP information may be changed.
Please confirm the IP setting of the receiver before using it.
B Trouble Shooting
Use this appendix to identify and solve common problems that may occur during the
use of the receiver.
Please read this section before you contact CHC Technical Support.
BI Receiver Issues
This section describes some possible receiver issues, possible causes, and how to
solve them.
Issue
Possible Reason
Solution
30
A Communication Ports Definition
The receiver does
not turn on.
Power is too low. Check the charge on the external battery
and, if applicable, check the fuse.
External power
is not properly
connected.
Check that the Lemo connector is seated
correctly and that the cable is secured to
the receiver.
Check for broken or bent pins in the
connector.
Faulty power
cable.
Check that you are using the correct cable
for the connection between Lemo port and
power supply.
Check that the correct external power
supply is connected to a particular Lemo
port.
Check pinouts with a multimeter to ensure
internal wiring is intact.
The receiver is not
responding.
Receiver needs a
soft reset.
Turn off the receiver and then turn it back
on again.
The receiver is not
receiving satellite
The GNSS
antenna cable is
loose.
Make sure that the GNSS antenna cable is
tightly seated in the antenna connector on
the GNSS antenna.
The cable is
damaged.
Check the cable for any signs of damage. A
damaged cable can inhibit signal detection
from the antenna at the receiver.
signals
The GNSS
Make sure that the GNSS antenna is located
antenna is not in with a clear view of the sky.
clear line of sight
Restart the receiver as a last resort (turn off
to the sky.
and then turn it on again).
31
A Communication Ports Definition
C Communication Ports Definition
CI CHC P3DT Receiver DB9 Male Connector Definition
PIN
Signal Name
Description
1,4,6,
Not Used
7,8,9
TXD
RS232-TX (transmit data through this pin)
RXD
RS232-RX (receive data through this pin)
Not Used
GND
External Power Ground
D Glossary
base station
Also called reference station. A base station in construction, is a
receiver placed at a known point on a jobsite that tracks the same
satellites as an RTK rover, and provides a real-time differential
correction message stream through radio to the rover, to obtain
centimeter level positions on a continuous real-time basis. A base
station can also be a part of a virtual reference station network, or
a location at which GPS observations are collected over a period of
time, for subsequent postprocessing to obtain the most accurate
position for the location.
32
A Communication Ports Definition
carrier
A radio wave having at least one characteristic (such as frequency,
amplitude, or phase) that can be varied from a known reference
value by modulation.
carrier
The frequency of the unmodulated fundamental output of a radio
frequency
transmitter. The GPS L1 carrier frequency is 1575.42 MHz.
carrier phase
The time taken for the L1 or L2 carrier signal generated by the
satellite to reach the GPS receiver. Measuring the number of
carrier waves between the satellite and receiver is a very accurate
method of calculating the distance between them.
CMR
Compact Measurement Record. A real-time message format
CMR+
developed by Trimble for broadcasting corrections to other
Trimble mainboard receivers. CMR is a more efficient alternative
to RTCM.
DGPS
See real-time differential GPS.
differential
Differential correction is the process of correcting GPS data
correction
collected on a rover with data collected simultaneously at a base
station. Because the base station is on a known location, any
errors in data collected at the base station can be measured, and
the necessary corrections applied to the rover data.
Differential correction can be done in real-time, or after the data
has been collected by postprocessing.
Differential GPS See real-time differential GPS.
DOP
Dilution of Precision. A measure of the quality of GPS positions,
based on the geometry of the satellites used to compute the
positions. When satellites are widely spaced relative to each other,
the DOP value is lower, and position accuracy is greater. When
satellites are close together in the sky, the DOP is higher and GPS
positions may contain a greater level of error.
PDOP (Position DOP) indicates the three-dimensional geometry of
the satellites. Other DOP values include HDOP (Horizontal DOP)
and VDOP (Vertical DOP), which indicate the accuracy of horizontal
measurements (latitude and longitude) and vertical
measurements respectively. PDOP is related to HDOP and VDOP as
follows:
PDOP² = HDOP² + VDOP²
dual-frequency A type of receiver that uses both L1 and L2 signals from GPS
GPS
satellites. A dual-frequency receiver can compute more precise
position fixes over longer distances and under more adverse
conditions because it compensates for ionospheric delays.
EGNOS
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service. A
satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) that provides a
free-to-air differential correction service for GPS.
33
A Communication Ports Definition
EGNOS is the European equivalent of WAAS, which is available in
the United States.
elevation mask The angle below which the receiver will not track satellites.
Normally set to 10 degrees to avoid interference problems caused
by buildings and trees, and multipath errors.
ephemeris
/ A list of predicted (accurate) positions or locations of satellites as a
ephemerides
function of time. A set of numerical parameters that can be used
to determine a satellite’s position.
Available as broadcast ephemeris or as postprocessed precise
ephemeris.
epoch
The measurement interval of a GPS receiver. The epoch varies
according to the measurement type: for real-time measurement it
is set at one second; for postprocessed measurement it can be set
to a rate of between one second and one minute. For example, if
data is measured every 15 seconds, loading data using 30-second
epochs means loading every alternate measurement.
firmware
The program inside the receiver that controls receiver operations
and hardware.
GLONASS
Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System. GLONASS is a Soviet
space-based navigation system comparable to the American GPS
system. The operational system consists of 21 operational and 3
non-operational satellites in 3 orbit planes.
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System.
GSOF
General Serial Output Format. A Trimble proprietary message
format.
HDOP
Horizontal Dilution of Precision. HDOP is a DOP value that
indicates the accuracy of horizontal measurements. Other DOP
values include VDOP (vertical DOP) and PDOP (Position DOP).
Using a maximum HDOP is ideal for situations where vertical
precision is not particularly important, and your position yield
would be decreased by the vertical component of the PDOP ( for
example, if you are collecting data under canopy).
L1
The primary L-band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit
satellite data.
L2
The secondary L-band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit
satellite data.
L5
The third L-band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit satellite
data. L5 will provide a higher power level than the other carriers.
As a result, acquiring and tracking weak signals will be easier.
MSAS
MTSAT Satellite-Based Augmentation System. A satellite-based
augmentation system (SBAS) that provides a free-to-air differential
correction service for GPS. MSAS is the Japanese equivalent of
34
A Communication Ports Definition
multi-frequenc
y GPS
multipath
NMEA
PDOP
postprocessing
real-time
differential
GPS
reference
station
rover
RTCM
WAAS, which is available in the United States.
A type of receiver that uses multiple carrier phase measurements
(L1, L2, and L5) from different satellite frequencies.
Interference, similar to ghosts on a television screen that occurs
when GPS signals arrive at an antenna having traversed different
paths. The signal traversing the longer path yields a larger
pseudorange estimate and increases the error. Multiple paths can
arise from reflections off the ground or off structures near the
antenna.
National Marine Electronics Association. NMEA 0183 defines the
standard for interfacing marine electronic navigational devices.
This standard defines a number of 'strings' referred to as NMEA
strings that contain navigational details such as positions. Most
CHC GPS receivers can output positions as NMEA strings.
Position Dilution of Precision. PDOP is a DOP value that indicates
the accuracy of three-dimensional measurements. Other DOP
values include VDOP (vertical DOP) and HDOP (Horizontal Dilution
of Precision).
Using a maximum PDOP value is ideal for situations where both
vertical and horizontal precision are important.
Postprocessing is the processing of satellite data after it has been
collected, in order to eliminate error. This involves using computer
software to compare data from the rover with data collected at
the base station.
Also known as real-time differential correction or DGPS. Real-time
differential GPS is the process of correcting GPS data as you collect
it. Corrections are calculated at a base station and then sent to the
receiver through a radio link. As the rover receives the position it
applies the corrections to give you a very accurate position in the
field.
Most real-time differential correction methods apply corrections
to code phase positions. RTK uses carrier phase measurements.
While DGPS is a generic term, its common interpretation is that it
entails the use of single-frequency code phase data sent from a
GPS base station to a rover GPS receiver to provide sub-meter
position accuracy. The rover receiver can be at a long range
(greater than 100 km (62 miles)) from the base station.
See base station
A rover is any mobile GPS receiver that is used to collect or update
data in the field, typically at an unknown location.
Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services. A commission
35
A Communication Ports Definition
RTK
SBAS
signal-to-noise
ratio
skyplot
SNR
UTC
VRS
WAAS
established to define a differential data link for the real-time
differential correction of roving GPS receivers. There are three
versions of RTCM correction messages. All CHC GPS receivers use
Version 2 protocol for single-frequency DGPS type corrections.
Carrier phase corrections are available on Version 2, or on the
newer Version 3 RTCM protocol, which is available on certain CHC
dual-frequency receivers. The Version 3 RTCM protocol is more
compact but is not as widely supported as Version 2.
Real-time kinematic. A real-time differential GPS method that uses
carrier phase measurements for greater accuracy.
Satellite-Based Augmentation System. SBAS is based on differential
GPS, but applies to wide area (WAAS/EGNOS and MSAS) networks
of reference stations. Corrections and additional information are
broadcast via geostationary satellites.
SNR. The signal strength of a satellite is a measure of the
information content of the signal, relative to the signal’s noise. The
typical SNR of a satellite at 30° elevation is between 47 and 50
dBHz. The quality of a GPS position is degraded if the SNR of one
or more satellites in the constellation falls below 39.
The satellite skyplot confirms reception of a differentially
corrected GPS signal and displays the number of satellites tracked
by the GPS receiver, as well as their relative positions.
See signal-to-noise ratio
Universal Time Coordinated. A time standard based on local solar
mean time at the Greenwich meridian.
Virtual Reference Station. A VRS system consists of GNSS
hardware, software, and communication links. It uses data from a
network of reference stations to provide corrections to each rover
that are more accurate than corrections from a single base station.
To start using VRS corrections, the rover sends its position to the
VRS server. The VRS server uses the reference station data to
model systematic errors (such as ionospheric noise) at the rover
position. It then sends RTCM or CMR correction messages back to
the rover.
Wide Area Augmentation System. WAAS was established by the
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for flight and approach
navigation for civil aviation. WAAS improves the accuracy and
availability of the basic GPS signals over its coverage area, which
includes the continental United States and outlying parts of
Canada and Mexico.
The WAAS system provides correction data for visible satellites.
Corrections are computed from ground station observations and
36
A Communication Ports Definition
then uploaded to two geostationary satellites. This data is then
broadcast on the L1 frequency, and is tracked using a channel on
the GPS receiver, exactly like a GPS satellite.
Use WAAS when other correction sources are unavailable, to
obtain greater accuracy than autonomous positions. For more
information on WAAS, refer to the FAA website at
http://gps.faa.gov.
The EGNOS service is the European equivalent and MSAS is the
Japanese equivalent of WAAS.
CHC - Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Ltd.
37
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which
the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Caution: Any changes or modifications to this device not explicitly approved
by manufacturer could void your authority to operate this equipment.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment.
This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm
between the radiator & your body.
599 Gaojing Road, Building D
Shanghai, 201702, China
Tel: +86 21 542 60 273
Fax: +86 21 649 50 963
Email: sales@chcnav.com | support@chcnav.com
Website: www.chcnav.com
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