Huawei Technologies ODU3601C-800 CDMA Base Station User Manual 2

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User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
System Description
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 System Overview .................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................1-1
1.1.1 Network Solution of cdma2000 1X System ........................................................1-1
1.1.2 Market Orientation of ODU3601C......................................................................1-3
1.2 System Feature .........................................................................................................1-3
1.3 Technical Index .........................................................................................................1-4
1.3.1 Engineering Index............................................................................................1-5
1.3.2 Protection Index...............................................................................................1-5
1.3.3 Performance Index...........................................................................................1-5
1.4 External Interface.......................................................................................................1-6
1.4.1 Um Interface....................................................................................................1-6
1.4.2 Baseband Data Interface..................................................................................1-9
1.4.3 Other Interface...............................................................................................1-10
1.5 Reliability Design .....................................................................................................1-10
1.5.1 Hardware Reliability Design ............................................................................1-10
1.5.2 Software Reliability Design .............................................................................1-12
Chapter 2 Hardware Architecture .........................................................................................2-1
2.1 Overview...................................................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 Appearance.....................................................................................................2-1
2.1.2 Functional Structure .........................................................................................2-2
2.2 MTRM.......................................................................................................................2-2
2.2.1 Structure and Principle .....................................................................................2-3
2.2.2 External Interface.............................................................................................2-5
2.2.3 Key Index ........................................................................................................2-6
2.3 MPAM.......................................................................................................................2-6
2.3.1 Structure and Principle .....................................................................................2-6
2.3.2 External Interface.............................................................................................2-8
2.3.3 Key Index ........................................................................................................2-8
2.4 MFEM.......................................................................................................................2-8
2.4.1 Structure and Principle .....................................................................................2-8
2.4.2 External Interface.............................................................................................2-9
2.4.3 Key Index ......................................................................................................2-10
2.5 MAPM.....................................................................................................................2-10
2.5.1 Structure and Principle ...................................................................................2-10
2.5.2 External Interface...........................................................................................2-11
2.5.3 Key Index......................................................................................................2-11
2.6 MBKP .....................................................................................................................2-11
User Manual
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Table of Contents
2.7 Antenna and Feeder Subsystem...............................................................................2-12
Chapter 3 System Function ..................................................................................................3-1
3.1 RF Functions.............................................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Power Control..................................................................................................3-1
3.1.2 Handoff ...........................................................................................................3-3
3.1.3 Cell Breath ......................................................................................................3-3
3.1.4 Diversity Reception ..........................................................................................3-4
3.1.5 Radio Configuration and Channel Support .........................................................3-4
3.2 Maintenance Function ................................................................................................3-9
3.3 Lightning Protection .................................................................................................3-10
3.3.1 Lightning Protection for Power Supply .............................................................3-10
3.3.2 Lightning Protection for Antenna and Feeder System .......................................3-11
3.4 Configuration and Networking ...................................................................................3-12
3.4.1 Cabinet Configuration.....................................................................................3-12
3.4.2 Site Configuration ..........................................................................................3-13
3.4.3 ODU3601C Networking ..................................................................................3-14
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter ....................................................... A-1
A.1 Performance of Receiver .......................................................................................... A-1
A.1.1 Frequency Coverage ...................................................................................... A-1
A.1.2 Access Probe Acquisition ................................................................................ A-1
A.1.3 R-TCH Demodulation Performance.................................................................. A-1
A.1.4 Receiving Performance................................................................................... A-8
A.1.5 Limitation on Emission .................................................................................... A-9
A.1.6 RSQI ............................................................................................................. A-9
A.2 Performance of Transmitter ..................................................................................... A-10
A.2.1 Frequency Requirement ................................................................................ A-10
A.2.2 Modulation Requirement ............................................................................... A-10
A.2.3 RF Output Power Requirement...................................................................... A-11
A.2.4 Limitation on Emission .................................................................................. A-11
Appendix B EMC Performance ............................................................................................ B-1
B.1 EMI Performance ..................................................................................................... B-1
B.2 EMS Performance .................................................................................................... B-2
Appendix C Environment Requirement ............................................................................... C-1
C.1 Storage Environment................................................................................................ C-1
C.2 Transportation Environment ...................................................................................... C-2
C.3 Operation Environment............................................................................................. C-4
Appendix D Electromagnetic Radiation ............................................................................... D-1
D.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. D-1
D.2 MPE........................................................................................................................ D-1
D.3 Estimation of Exposure to Electromagnetic Field ........................................................ D-3
D.4 Calculation of Safe Distance ..................................................................................... D-3
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D.4.1 S = power density [W/m2] see also MPE Limits................................................. D-4
D.5 Location of BTS Antenna .......................................................................................... D-4
D.5.1 Exclusion Zone............................................................................................... D-4
D.5.2 Guidelines on Selecting Antenna Location ....................................................... D-4
Appendix E Standard Compliance....................................................................................... E-1
E.1 General Technical Specification ................................................................................ E-1
E.2 Um Interface ............................................................................................................ E-1
E.3 Abis Interface........................................................................................................... E-1
E.4 Lightning Protection .................................................................................................. E-2
E.5 Safety...................................................................................................................... E-3
E.6 EMC ........................................................................................................................ E-3
E.7 Environment............................................................................................................. E-5
Appendix F Abbreviation ..................................................................................................... F-1
F.1 Abbreviation of Modules............................................................................................ F-1
F.2 Glossary .................................................................................................................. F-1
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Chapter 1 System Overview
Chapter 1 System Overview
1.1 Introduction
The Mobile Communication System has experienced the first generation (analog
system) and the second generation (digital system). As the one of the main
development trends of the second generation, cdma2000 1X mobile communication
system has been widely used for commercial purpose.
This section first introduces the network solution of Huawei cdma2000 1X mobile
communication system, and then the market orientation of Huawei base station
ODU3601C.
1.1.1 Network Solution of cdma2000 1X System
The cdma2000 1X mobile communication system comprises the Base Station
Subsystem (BSS) and the Core Network (CN).
The BSS comprises the Base Transceiver Station (including ODU3601), Base Station
Controller (BSC), and Packet Control Function (PCF) which is usually integrated with
BSC.
The CN comprises the packet domain network and circuit domain network. The
equipment of packet domain interworks with Internet, and that of the circuit domain
interworks with the conventional PLMN and PSTN/ISDN.
The system's operation and maintenance is implemented via Huawei integrated
mobile network management system iManager M2000.
Position of ODU3601C in the network is shown in Figure 1-1.
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Mobile integrated
management system
MS
ODU3601C
BTS3601C
Abi
BSC/PCF
A10/A11
ODU3601C
A b is
Packet domain
network equipment
Internet
A1
0/A
BTS3601C
11
MS
cBTS3612
A3/A7
A1
ODU3601C
/A2
cBTS3612
Abis
MS
A1/A2
cBTS3612
PLMN
Circuit domain
network equipment
PSTN/ISDN
BSC/PCF
BSS
MS: Mobile Station
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
BSS: Base Station Subsystem
CN
BSC: Base Station Controller
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network
PCF: Packet Control Function
CN: Core Network
Figure 1-1 Network structure of Huawei cdma2000 1X mobile communication system
ODU3601C
ODU3601C is an outdoor one-carrier soft base station. It shares the baseband
processing resource and main control clock resource with its upper-level BTS. It
implements radio signal transmission and reception together with the upper-level BTS
under the control of BSC.
BTS3601C
BTS3601C is an outdoor one-carrier BTS. It transmits/receives radio signals so as to
realize the communication between the radio system and the Mobile Station (MS).
cBTS3612
cBTS3612 is a set of indoor BTS equipment. The maximum capacity of single cabinet
contains 12 sector carriers. Same with BTS3601C, it also transmits/receives radio
signals to accomplish the communication between the radio system and the MS.
Base Station Controller (BSC)
BSC performs the following functions: BTS control and management, call connection
and disconnection, mobility management, power control, and radio resource
management. It provides stable and reliable radio connections for the upper-level
services through soft/hard handoff.
Packet Control Function (PCF)
PCF is used for the management of Radio-Packet (R-P) connection. As radio
resources are limited, they should be released when subscribers are not sending or
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receiving information, but the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) connection must be
maintained. PCF shields the radio mobility against the upper-level services through
the handoff function.
Mobile Station (MS)
MS is a set of mobile subscriber equipment that can originate and receive calls, and
can communicate with BTS.
1.1.2 Market Orientation of ODU3601C
Huawei ODU3601C is fully compatible with IS-95A/B and IS-2000 standards.
As illustrated in Figure 1-1, ODU3601C is located between other BTS (such as
BTS3601C and cBTS3612) and the MS. It is connected to the upper-level BTS
(master BTS) with optical fibers, equivalent to the function of the Radio Frequency
(RF) module of the upper-level BTS installed far away.
ODU3601C is an outdoor base station, configured with only one carrier. It features
small size, easy installation, flexible networking, less investment and fast network
construction. ODU3601C can be used in residential quarters and urban hot spots /
blind spots, and provide small-capacity wide-coverage for remote areas (such as rural
area, grassland, highway, scenic spots).
ODU3601C shares the clock resource of the upper-level BTS, so no satellite antenna
is needed. This feature makes ODU3601C an attractive application in indoor and
underground environment where the installation of satellite antenna is difficult.
1.2 System Feature
I. Easy installation
Featuring small size, light weight and mains supply, ODU3601C does not require an
equipment room or air conditioner. It neither requires a special tower as it can be
easily installed on a metal post, stayed tower or on the wall. All these can reduce the
site construction cost without affecting the network quality.
II. Wide application scope
ODU3601C is dust-proof, anti-burglary, water-proof, and damp-proof. With its
protection performance in compliance with the IP55 (IEC 60529: Degrees of
protection provided by enclosure), it operates normally in different whether conditions.
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III. Flexible coverage schemes
ODU3601C shares the baseband subsystem of master BTS for service processing.
The I/Q digital modulated signals are transmitted between the ODU3601C and the
master BTS through the optical fibers. ODU3601C supports various cascading
methods with the master BTS to achieve flexible network coverage.
The cascading distance can be either 10km or 70km, depending on the optical
interface module used. For BTS3601C, total two ODU3601Cs can be cascaded, and
the second ODU3601C can be placed 60km away. For cBTS3612, total six
ODU3601Cs can be cascaded, and the sixth ODU3601C can be placed 90km away.
IV. Synchronization within the whole network
By adopting the automatic delay compensation technique developed by Huawei, the
master BTS provides ODU3601C with precise clock synchronization signals via
optical fibers. No GPS antenna is needed. This ensures synchronization within the
whole network and lowers call drop ratio during handoffs.
V. Unified network planning
Though a logical base station, ODU3601C can be regarded as a normal entity in
network planning, as it can be upgraded to be an independent cBTS3601C by adding
the Micro-bts Baseband Processing Module (MBPM).
VI. Softer handoff
ODU3601C and the master BTS may cover neighboring cells. As the baseband
processing of ODU3601C is implemented by the resource pool of the master BTS,
the co-frequency handoff between the ODU3601C and the master BTS is the softer
handoff.
VII. Support for multi-bands
ODU3601C supports 450MHz and 800MHz bands, therefore, it can be applied in the
450MHz communication system and the 800MHz communication system.
1.3 Technical Index
The technical indices include engineering, protection and performance indices.
The engineering indices include power supply, power consumption, weight,
dimensions and other indices involved in engineering installation.
The protection indices refer to the capabilities of the main external interfaces agains t
surge current.
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The performance indices refer to the technical parameters of its receiver/transmitter
and the reliability indices of the whole system.
1.3.1 Engineering Index
Power supply
Power consumption
Weight
~220V (150~300V AC)
<300W (In normal temperature, while the heating plate is not working)
<500W (In low temperature, while the heating plate is working)
<40kg
Operation environment
Temperature: -40âC~55âC
Relative humidity 5%~100%
Cabinet dimensions
(height% width% depth)
700mm %450mm %330mm
1.3.2 Protection Index
E1 interface
Differential mode 5kA, or common mode 10kA surge current
RF feeder interface
Differential mode 8kA, or common mode 8kA surge current
AC power supply interface
(for connecting AC lightning Differential mode 40kA, or common mode 40kA surge current
protection box)
Satellite feeder interface (for
connecting lightning arrestor Differential mode 8kA, or common mode 8kA surge current
for satellite feeder)
1.3.3 Performance Index
I. Transmission
450MHz band
Working frequency
460~470MHz
Channel bandwidth
1.23MHz
Channel precision
25kHz
Frequency tolerance
Transmit power
Ÿ!0.05ppm
20W (the maximum value measured at the cabinet-top feeder port)
800MHz band
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Frequency coverage
869Ã894MHz
Channel bandwidth
1.23MHz
Channel step length
30kHz
Frequency tolerance
Ÿ!0.05ppm
Transmit power
20W (the maximum value measured at the cabinet-top feeder port)
II. Reception
450MHz band
Working frequency
450Ã460MHz
Channel bandwidth
1.23MHz
Channel precision
25kHz
Signal receiving sensitivity
-127dBm (RC3, and main and diversity reception)
800MHz band
Working frequency
824Ã849MHz
Channel bandwidth
1.23MHz
Channel step length
30kHz
Signal receiving sensitivity
-128dBm (RC3, and main and diversity reception)
III. System reliability
Mean Time Between Failures
(MTBF)
¦100,000 hour
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)
Ÿ1 hour
Availability
¦99.999%
1.4 External Interface
1.4.1 Um Interface
I. Overview
In Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), MS is connected with the fixed part of the
network through the radio channel. The radio channel allows the subscribers to be
connected with the network and to enjoy telecommunication services.
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To implement interconnection between MS and BSS, systematic rules and standards
should be established for signal transmission on radio channels. The standard for
regulating radio channel signal transmission is called radio interface, or Um interface.
Um interface is the most important interface among the many interfaces of CDMA
system. Firstly, standardized radio interface ensures that MSs of different
manufacturers are fully compatible with different networks. This is one of the
fundamental conditions for realizing the roaming function of CDMA system. Secondly,
radio interface defines the spectrum availability and capacity of CDMA system.
Um interface is defined with the following features:
Channel structure and access capacity.
Communication protocol between MS and BSS.
Maintenance and operation features.
Performance features.
Service features.
II. Um interface protocol model
Um interface protocol stack is in 3 layers, as shown in Figure 1-2.
Figure 1-2 Um interface layered structure
Layer 1 is the physical layer, that is, the bottom layer. It includes various physical
channels, and provides a basic radio channel for the transmission of higher layer
information.
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Layer 2 is the data link layer, including Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer and
Link Access Control (LAC) sublayer. The MAC sublayer performs the mapping
between logical channels and physical channels, and provides Radio Link Protocol
(RLP) function. The LAC sublayer performs such functions as authentication,
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), addressing and packet organization.
Layer 3 is the top layer. It performs Radio Resource Management (RM), Mobility
Management (MM) and Connection Management (CM) through the air interface.
III. Physical layer
1)
Working band
Band
Forward band
Reverse band
Duplex spacing Channel width Carrier spacing
450MHz
460 - 470MHz
450 - 460MHz
10MHz
1.23 MHz
1.25 MHz
800MHz
869 - 894 MHz
824 - 849 MHz
45MHz
1.23 MHz
1.23 MHz
2)
Physical layer function
Service bearer: the physical channel in the physical layer provides bearer for the
logical channel of the higher layer.
Bit error check: the physical layer provides transmission service with error
protection function, including error checking and error correction.
User identification: the physical layer provides an exclusive ID for every user by
code division.
3)
Radio configuration
The physical layer supports multiple Radio Configurations (RCs). Different RCs
support different traffic channel data rates. For detailed introduction, please refer to
Section 3.1.5 Radio Configuration and Channel Support.
IV. Data link layer
Data link layer at Um interface includes two sublayers, MAC and LAC. The purpose of
introducing MAC and LAC is to:
Support higher level services (signaling, voice, packet data and circuit data).
Support data services of multiple rates.
Support packet data service and circuit data service of higher quality (QoS).
Support multi-media service, that is, processing voices, packet data and circuit
data of different QoS levels at the same time.
1)
MAC sublayer
To support data service and multi-media service, cdma2000 1X provides powerful
MAC layer to ensure the reliability of services. MAC layer provides two important
functions:
Radio Link Protocol (RLP), ensuring reliable transmission on the radio link.
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Multiplex function and QoS function, with diversified services and higher service
quality.
2)
LAC sublayer
LAC layer performs such functions as Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ),
authentication and addressing.
V. Layer 3
The higher layer signaling performs the functions such as radio resource
management, mobility management and call connection management on air
interface.
1)
Radio resource management
The radio resource management functions include:
Radio channel management
It is used to establish, operate and release radio channels, and help to realize soft
handoff, softer handoff and hard handoff.
Power control
Various power control technologies are used on Um interface to reduce the system
interference and improve the system capacity.
2)
Mobility management
It is used to support the mobility features of the mobile subscriber, performing such
functions as registration, authentication and Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
(TMSI) re-allocation.
3)
Connection management
It is used to setup, maintain and terminate calls.
1.4.2 Baseband Data Interface
ODU3601C communicates with the upper-level BTS through the baseband
processing interface.
This interface adopts optical fibers to transmit I/Q digital modulated signals, and
supports various cascading modes. For details, please refer to Section 1.2 System
Feature.
The baseband data interface adopts automatic delay compensation technique. The
precise clock synchronization signal is provided by the master BTS through the
optical fiber.
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1.4.3 Other Interface
I. Test interface
The test interface provides 10MHz and 2s signals through MTRM that may be needed
for test instruments.
II. Power supply interface
ODU3601C supports 220V AC power supply. It provides external 220V AC interface
and 24V DC battery interface.
1.5 Reliability Design
Reliability design of a system is shown in the stability and reliability of the product
during operation.
Huawei ODU3601C is designed based on the following standards:
TIA/EIA/IS-95A CDMA Radio Interface Specifications
TIA/EIA/IS-95B CDMA Radio Interface Specifications
TIA/EIA/IS-2000 CDMA Radio Interface Specifications
TIA/EIA/IS-97D CDMA Base Station Minimum Performance Standard
Huawei product reliability design index and related technical specifications
With various measures taken, the design of boards is in strict accordance with the
requirement of above standards pertaining to reliability.
1.5.1 Hardware Reliability Design
I. De-rating design
To improve system reliability and prolong the service life of components, components
are carefully selected and strictly tested, and less stress (electrical stress and
temperature stress) is to be borne in actual operation than its designed rating.
II. Selection and control of component
The category, specifications and manufacturers of the components are carefully
selected and reviewed according to the requirements of the product reliability and
maintainability. The replace ability and normalization of components is one of the
main factors for the decision, which help to reduce the types of components used and
hence improve the availability of the system.
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III. Board level reliability design
Many measures have been taken in board design to improve its reliability.
Redundancy configuration is applied for key components to improve system reliability.
Key circuits are designed by Huawei, which lays the foundation of high reliability.
The hardware WATCHDOG is equipped for the board, and the board can
automatically reset in case of fault.
The board is provided with the functions of over-current and over-voltage
protection and the function of temperature detection.
Strict thermal analysis and simulation tests are conducted during the design of
boards for the purpose of ensuring longtime operation.
The board software and important data is stored in the non-volatile memory, so
that the board can be restarted when software upgrading fails.
IV. Fault detection, location and recovery
The BTS system is equipped with the functions of self-detection and fault diagnosis
that can record and output various fault information. Common software and hardware
faults can be corrected automatically.
The hardware fault detection functions include fault locating, isolating and automatic
switchover. The maintenance engineers can identify the faulty boards easily with the
help of the maintenance console.
The ODU3601C system also supports the reloading of configuration data files and
board execution programs.
V. Fault tolerance and exceptional protection
When faults occur, the system usually will not be blocked.
The system will make a final confirmation on a hardware fault through repeated
detection, thus avoiding system reconfiguration or QoS deterioration due to
contingent faults.
VI. Thermal design
The influence of temperature on the ODU3601C has been considered in the design.
Thermal design primarily concerns the selection of components, circuit design
(including error tolerance, drift design and derating design), structure design and heat
dissipation, so that the ODU3601C can work reliably in a wide range of temperatures.
The first consideration in thermal design is to balance the heat distribution of the
system. Corresponding measures are taken in the place where heat is more likely to
be accumulated.
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VII. Maintainability
The purpose of maintainability design is to define the workload and nature of the
maintenance, so as to cut the maintenance time. The main approaches adopted
include standardization, modularization, error prevention, and testability improvement,
which can simplify the maintenance work.
VIII. EMC design
The design ensures that ODU3601C will not degrade to an unacceptable level due to
the electromagnetic interference from other equipment in the same electromagnetic
environment. Neither the ODU3601C will cause other equipment in the same
electromagnetic environment to degrade to an unacceptable level.
IX. Lightning protection
To eliminate the probability of lightning damage on the ODU3601C system, proper
measures are taken with respect to the lightning protection for DC power supply and
antenna & feeder system. For details, please refer to "3.3 Lightning Protection".
1.5.2 Software Reliability Design
Software reliability mainly includes protection performance and fault tolerance
capability.
I. Protection performance
The key to improve software reliability is to reduce software defects. Software
reliability of ODU3601C is ensured through the quality control in the whole process
from system requirement analysis, system design to system test.
Starting from the requirement analysis, software development process follows the
regulations such as Capability Mature Mode (CMM), which aim to control faults in the
initial stage.
In software design, much attention is devoted to the designing method and
implementation: the software is designed in a modular structure, and in a loose
coupling mechanism. When a fault occurs to one module, other modules will not be
affected. In addition, preventive measures such as fault detection, isolating and
clearing are also applied to improve the system reliability. Other effective methods
include code read-through, inspection, and unit test.
Various software tests are conducted to improve the software reliability. Test
engineers participate the whole software development process, from unit test to
system test. They make plans strictly following the demand of the upper-level flow,
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which ensure the improvement of software reliability. Additionally, test plans are
modified and improved with the tests.
II. Fault tolerance capability
Fault tolerance capability of the software system means that the whole system would
not collapse when a minor software fault occurs. That is, the system has the
self-healing capability. The fault tolerance of BTS3601 software is represented in the
following aspects:
All boards work on a real-time operating system of high reliability.
If software loading fails, the system can return to the version that was
successfully loaded last time.
Important operations are recorded in log files.
Different authority levels are provided for operations, so as to prevent users from
performing unauthorized operations.
Warnings are given for the operations that will cause system reboot (such as
reset operation). The operator is required to confirm such operations.
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Chapter 2 Hardware Architecture
Chapter 2 Hardware Architecture
2.1 Overview
2.1.1 Appearance
I. Cabinet appearance
Figure 2-1 shows the appearance of an ODU3601C cabinet. The cabinet dimensions
are: 700mm % 450mm % 330mm (height % width % depth).
Figure 2-1 ODU3601C cabinet
II. Cabinet feature
Excellent electrical conductivity and shielding effect.
Equipped with thermal tube for heat exhaustion, free of noise
Water-proof, sun-screening, anti-burglary features make it suitable for outdoor
installation.
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Small size, light weight and attractive appearance.
Modular structure, making installation and maintenance easy.
2.1.2 Functional Structure
The ODU3601C has a compact and highly integrated structure. It consists of
Micro-bts Transceiver Module (MTRM), Micro-bts Power Amplifier Module (MPAM),
Micro-bts Radio Frequency Front End Module (MFEM), Micro-bts Ac-dc Power supply
Module (MAPM), and the antenna & feeder system.
The functional structure is shown in Figure 2-2.
BTS
or
ODU3601C
Optical
fier
Heating plate
RS-485
MMCB
TX
Optical
fier
RXM
MTRB
MPAU
RXD
ODU3601C
MTRM
MPAM
Um
Tx
Rx
RS485
220VAC
+27VDC
MLNA
MAPM
MRDU
MFEM
MTRB: Micro-bts Transceiver Board
MPAU: Micro-bts Power Amplifier Unit
MPAM: Micro-bts Power Amplifier Module
MRDU: Micro-bts Divide And Duplexer Receive Filter Unit
MLNA: Micro-bts Low-Noise Amplifier
MTRM : Micro-bts Transceiver Module
MMCB: Micro-bts Monitor & Control Board
MAPM: Micro-bts Ac-dc Power Supply Module
MFEM: Micro-bts Radio Frequency Front End Module
Figure 2-2 Functional structure of ODU3601C
ODU3601C performs the functions of RF signal transceiving and amplification, and
the conversion of baseband signals. The functions of various modules are detailed in
the following sections.
2.2 MTRM
Micro-bts Transceiver Module (MTRM) consists of MTRB and heating plate.
The heating plate ensures that MTRB can start and operate normally in low
temperature.
MTRB modulates/demodulates baseband I/Q signals, performs up/down conversion,
and supports the function of cascading via optical fiber.
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2.2.1 Structure and Principle
MTRM consists of Micro-bts Intermediate Frequency Unit (MIFU) and Micro-bts Radio
up-down Converter Unit (MRCU).
The functional structure is shown in Figure 2-3.
MIFU
MRCU
BTS
or
ODU3601C
ODU3601C
RS485
CPU
FIR
DAGC
Section multiplexer
MAPM
Optical interface sub-unit
RS485
MPAM
+27V
MAPM
Clock sub-unit
Down
converter
ADC
Filter
Down
converter
ADC
Filter
Up
converter
DAC
Filter
Main receiver
MFEM
Diversity receiver
MFEM
Local oscillator
FIR
Transmiter
MAPM
Control
sub-unit
MHPA
Heating plate
Figure 2-3 Functional structure of MTRM
I. MIFU
MIFU consists of up converter, down converter, multiplexer/demultiplexer, optical
interface, clock, CPU, and power supply sub-units. It is in charge of the conversion
between analog intermediate frequency signals and digital baseband signals, and the
control of MTRB.
Up converter
The up converter accomplishes wave filtering, digital up conversion and digital-analog
conversion of the signals in the transmit path.
On receiving the baseband I/Q signals that have been de-multiplexed, it performs
digital up conversion after baseband filtering. Then the digital intermediate frequency
signals are converted into analog intermediate frequency signals after digital-analog
conversion and wave filtering. At last, the analog intermediate frequency signals are
sent to the transmitter in MRCU through Radio Frequency (RF) interface.
Down converter
The down converter accomplishes the analog-digital conversion, digital down
conversion and baseband filtering of the signals in the receive path.
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On receiving the analog intermediate frequency signals from the radio interface, it
converts them into digital intermediate frequency signals via analog-digital conversion.
Then the digital intermediate frequency signals are converted into baseband I/Q
signals via digital down conversion and baseband filtering. As last, the I/Q signals are
transmitted to the demultiplexer/multiplexer.
Demultiplexer/multiplexer
Under the control of the CPU, the demultiplexer/multiplexer de-multiplexes the
forward I/Q signals, and multiplexes the reverse I/Q signals. At the same time, it
multiplexes/de-multiplexes the Operation & Maintenance (O&M) signals of the OML.
Optical interface sub-unit
This sub-unit consists of two optical interface modules. The optical interface modules
perform
channel
coding/decoding,
and
accomplish
optical-electrical
and
electrical-optical signal conversion. They are respectively connected with upper-level
BTS (or ODU3601C) and the lower-level ODU3601C to realize optical fiber
cascading.
If the upper-level BTS is cBTS3612, this optical interface sub-unit is connected to the
BTS Resource Distribution Module (BRDM) optical interface of cBTS3612. If the
upper-level BTS is BTS3601C or ODU3601C, it is connected to the Micro-bts
Transceiver Module (MTRM) optical interface of BTS3601C or ODU3601C.
Clock sub-unit
The clock sub-unit generates all the clocks needed by MIFU, including the clocks for
up/down conversion, analog-digital conversion (ADC), and digital-analog conversion
(DAC). At the same time, it also provides the reference clock for the MRCU.
CPU
The CPU is in charge of the control of MTRB, including the initialization upon
power-on, alarm collecting and reporting, and processing related O&M messages.
The O&M messages are received from or sent to the upper-level BTS by the
multiplex/demultiplex sub-unit of the digital MIFU.
Control sub-unit and heating plate
The control sub-unit and the heating plate enable MTRM to start and normally
operate in low temperature.
When the internal module temperature is lower than -5âC, the heating plate will be
first started to heat the module. Other boards of the module will not be powered
unless the module temperature rises to the set value.
Power supply sub-unit
With input voltage of +27V, the power supply sub-unit provides power to MIFU and
MRCU.
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II. MRCU
MRCU consists of transmitter, main/diversity receiver and local oscillator. It
up-converts, amplifies, and performs spurious-suppressive wave filtering for the
intermediate
frequency
signals
output
by
MIFU.
It
also
performs
analog
down-conversion, amplification, channel-selective wave filtering and receiving noise
factor control over the main/diversity receiving signal input from the MFEM.
Transmitter
On receiving the modulated analog intermediate frequency signals output by MIFU,
the transmitter converts them to specified RF band after two times of up conversions.
Before and after the up conversion, wave filtering, signal amplification and power
control are performed so as to ensure that the output RF signals meet the protocol
requirements on power level, Adjacent Channel Power Radio (ACPR) and
spuriousness.
Main/diversity receiver
The main/diversity receiver converts the RF signals output by MFEM to specified
intermediate frequency signals via down conversion, and performs wave filtering,
signal amplification and power control before and after the down conversion, so as to
ensure that the intermediate frequency signals output can be received by MIFU.
Local oscillator
The local oscillator consists of the intermediate frequency source and transmit/receive
RF synthesizer. The intermediate frequency source generates the local frequency
signals for intermediate frequency up conversion in transmit path. The RF synthesizer
generates the local frequency signals for the up- conversion of the transmit path and
the local frequency signals for the down conversion of main/diversity receive path.
2.2.2 External Interface
There are interfaces between MTRM and MPAM/MFEM, upper-level BTS, lower-level
ODU3601C and power supply module.
RF interface to MPAM
The RF transmitting signal is output via this interface to MPAM, where the signal is
amplified and then output.
RF interface to MFEM
The main/diversity RF receiving signal output by MFEM is received via this interface.
Optical interface to upper-level BTS (or ODU3601C)
Through this interface, the ODU3601C shares the baseband processing resources of
upper-level BTS, and performs the functions of receiving configuration messages,
reporting alarm information, etc.
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And the ODU3601C can also be casecaded to the upper-level ODU3601C through
this interface.
Optical interface to MTRM of lower-level ODU3601C
This interface is used to cascade ODU3601C.
Alarm interface
MTRM is connected with MBKP through a connector. It collects the alarm information
through the RS485 serial bus on MBKP sent by other modules, sends the information
through the optical interface to the upper-level BTS.
This interface is also used to transmit control signals and power detection signals for
MPAM.
Power supply interface
This interface is used to supply power to MTRM.
2.2.3 Key Index
Supported band: 450MHz band and 800MHz band
Power supply: +27V DC
Power consumption of MTRB: 40W; Power consumption of heating plate: 110W
Module size: L % W % T = 430mm % 250mm % 65mm
2.3 MPAM
2.3.1 Structure and Principle
Micro-bts Power Amplifier Module (MPAM) consists of Micro-bts Power Amplifier Unit
(MPAU) and Micro-bts Monitor & Control Board (MMCB).
The structure is shown in Figure 2-4.
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Linear power
amplifier
Linear power
amplifier
MTRM
RF input
MAPM
System Description
Chapter 2 Hardware Architecture
+27V
Antenna
Alarm circuit
MPAU
MTRM
RS-485
MCU
A/D
MMCB
Transmit power
detection
Figure 2-4 Structure of MPAM module
I. MPAU
MPAU consists of two parts: linear power amplifier and alarm circuit.
The power amplifier amplifies the RF signals from MTRM. The amplified RF signals
are then sent to MFEM through the backplane.
The alarm circuit monitors the status of power amplifier and generates
over-temperature alarm, over-excited alarm and gain decrease alarm signals when
conditions satisfied. The alarm signals will be sent to MMCB, where they will be
processed and reported to MTRM.
The output power of MPAU can be adjusted by controlling the RF output signal of
MTRM.
II. MMCB
MMCB monitors the operation status of MPAU on the real-time basis, reports the
detected alarm, measures the transmit power of MPAU, and accomplishes
closed-loop power control for the front end RF channel to ensure a constant gain for
the whole analog channel. It can also power off the amplifier as instructed.
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2.3.2 External Interface
MPAM provides the following external interfaces:
RF interface to MTRM
MPAM is connected with MTRM through RF cable and receives RF output signals
from MTRM.
RF interface to MFEM
MPAM is connected with MFEM through RF cable. It sends RF signals to MFEM,
which will be finally transmitted through the feeder system.
Alarm interface
MPAM module is connected with MBKP through a connector. It sends alarm signals
through the RS485 serial bus on MBKP to MTRM for processing.
Power supply interface
It supplies power to the module through MBKP.
2.3.3 Key Index
Supported band: 450MHz band and 800MHz band
Average output power: ¦ 40W (for 450MHz band)
¦ 28W (for 800MHz band)
Power supply: +26V~+28V DC
Power consumption: 230W
Module size: L % W % T= 430mm % 250mm % 70mm (excluding heat tube
radiator)
2.4 MFEM
2.4.1 Structure and Principle
Micro-bts Radio Frequency Front End Module (MFEM) consists of Micro-bts Divide
and Duplexer Receive Filter Unit (MRDU) and Micro-bts Low-Noise Amplifier (MLNA).
The functional structure is shown in Figure 2-5.
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MLNA
MRDU
RXD-OUT
RXD-ANT
RXD-Test
RXM-OUT
RXM-Test
TX/RXM-ANT
TX-IN
TX-Test
Figure 2-5 Structure of MFEM
I. MRDU
MRDU contains a duplexer and a diversity receive filter.
Duplexer
The duplexer is used to isolate transmit signals and receive signals, suppress
transmission spurious and reduce antenna quantity.
Diversity receiving filter
Signals received from the diversity antenna are filtered first by the diversity receiving
filter in MRDU, then sent to MLNA for low-noise amplification.
II. MLNA unit
This unit contains 2 independent low-noise amplifiers and a MLNA status detection
unit.
Low-noise amplifier
It performs low-noise amplification for main and diversity signals.
MLNA status detection unit
The status monitoring circuit monitors the working voltage and current of MLNA, and
triggers an alarm when fault is detected.
2.4.2 External Interface
MFEM is connected with the feeder and other modules through RF cables. It provides
the following external interfaces:
Interface to MPAM
On the transmit channel, MFEM receives RF signals amplified by MPAM, sends them
through the duplexer of MRDU to the antenna system for transmission.
Interface to MTRM
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On the receive channel, MFEM receives main/diversity RF signals from the antenna
system, and after low-noise amplification by MLNA, sends them to MTRM for
processing.
Interface to the antenna system
RF signal monitoring port
On the RF signal monitoring ports, the transmit signal is coupled and output by
MRDU, while the main/diversity receive signal is coupled and output by MLNA.
Power supply interface
It supplies power to the module through MBKP.
2.4.3 Key Index
Supported band: 450MHz band and 800MHz band
Power supply: 20V~32V DC
Power consumption: 11W
Dimensions: L % W % T = 430mm % 250mm % 60mm
2.5 MAPM
2.5.1 Structure and Principle
The functional structure of MAPM is shown in Figure 2-6. MAPM consists of AC/DC
converter, power monitor & control unit, and battery management unit.
~220VAC
AC/DC power converter
+27VDC
RS485
Power monitor &
control unit
Battery management
unit
Figure 2-6 Structure of MAPM module
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The AC/DC conversion unit converts Ã220V AC power (mains) into +27V DC power.
The power monitor & control unit performs status detection and alarm reporting.
The battery management unit performs energy charging and discharging for batteries.
2.5.2 External Interface
The external interfaces of MAPM are shown in Figure 2-6.
AC input interface
Local mains are input through this interface.
DC output interface
This interface is connected with the MBKP through which it supplies 27V DC power to
other modules.
Battery interface
The external batteries can be connected with the MAPM through this interface so as
to supply power to the ODU3601C in the case of AC power failure.
Alarm interface
MPAM is connected with MBKP through a connector. It sends alarm signals through
the RS485 serial bus on MBKP to MTRM for processing.
Dry nodes
One of the four dry nodes is used to detect failure alarms of the AC lightning arrester,
while the other three are used to monitor the Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS).
2.5.3 Key Index
Phases of AC input: Single phase
Rated voltage of AC input: 220V AC
Fluctuation range of AC input voltage: 150~300V AC
Overvoltage protection point of AC input: 310V AC
Undervoltage protection point of AC input: 140V AC
Dimensions: L % W % T = 430mm % 250mm % 90mm
2.6 MBKP
The backplane ODU3601C is the same as that of BTS3601C. The only difference is
that the slot 1 is not configured (with MBPM) when used for ODU3601C.
ODU3601C consists of four modules: MAPM, MTRM, MFEM, and MPAM. MBKP is
used to connect these four modules.
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The power supply module supplies +27V DC power to other functional modules
through the MBKP.
The alarm signals of MPAM and MAPM are sent to MTRM through the RS485 bus on
MBKP. MTRM then transmits the signals through the optical fiber to the upper-level
BTS. The OMU of upper-level BTS processes these signals and sends them through
OML to BSC.
2.7 Antenna and Feeder Subsystem
The clock synchronization signal of ODU3601C is provided by the upper-level BTS
through the optical fiber. So the antenna and feeder system of ODU3601C only has
RF antenna and has no dual-satellite synchronization antenna.
The antenna and feeder subsystem transmits the modulated RF signals and receives
the signals from MS.
RF antenna & feeder is composed of the antenna, jumper from antenna to feeder,
feeder, and the jumper from feeder to cabinet-top, as shown in Figure 2-7.
RF antenna
Jumper
Feeder
ODU3601C
Jumper
Figure 2-7 Structure of RF antenna & feeder
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Note:
If the distance from the antenna to the ODU3601C cabinet is within 15 meters, jumpers can be used
directly to connect the antenna and the cabinet. Detailed installation procedures are described in the
Installation Manual.
I. Antenna
Antenna is the end point of transmitting and start point of receiving. Antenna type,
gain, coverage pattern and front-to-rear ratio may affect the system performance. The
network designer should choose antenna properly based on the subscriber number
and system coverage.
1)
Antenna gain
Antenna gain is the capability of the antenna to radiate the input power in specific
directions. Normally, the higher gain, the larger coverage. But there may be blind area
in the vicinity.
2)
Antenna pattern
Antenna pattern describes the radiation intensity of the antenna in all directions. In
the field of telecommunication, it usually means a horizontal pattern. BTS antenna is
available in two types: omni antenna and directional antenna. The directional antenna
includes the following types: 120â, 90â , 65â and 33â.
3)
Polarization
Polarization is used to describe the direction of the electrical field. The mobile
communication system often uses uni-polarization antennas. Bi-polarization antennae,
with the two polarization directions perpendicular to each other, have been used
recently to reduce the quantity of antennae.
4)
Diversity technology
Electrical wave propagation in urban area has the following features:
Field intensity value changes slowly with places and times. It changes in the rule
of logarithmic normal distribution, which is called slow attenuation.
Field intensity transient value attenuates selectively due to multi-path
transmission. The attenuation rules falls in Rayleigh distribution, which is called
fast attenuation.
Either fast attenuation or slow attenuation impairs the quality of communication or
even interrupts the call. Diversity technology is one of the most effective technologies
to tackle the problem. Diversity receiving and combining technology can be used to
minimize the attenuation when there is little correlation between the two attenuated
signals.
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There are two types of diversity technologies: polarized diversity and space diversity.
In the present mobile communication system, horizontal space diversity and polarized
diversity are both supported. Theoretical conclusion shows that space diversity is
effective when the distance between two antennae is over 10 wavelengths.
Polarized diversity facilitates antenna installation and saves space, therefore it is
used more and more extensively.
5)
Antenna isolation
The receiving/transmitting antenna must be installed with sufficient isolation to
minimize the effect on the receiver. The isolation space is subject to the out-band
noise of the transmitter and the sensitivity of the receiver.
II. Feeder
Normally, the standard 7/8 inch or 5/4 inch feeders are used to connect the outdoor
antenna and indoor cabinet. In the site installation, 7/16 DIN connectors should be
prepared based on the actual length of feeders.
Three grounding cable clips for lightning protection should be applied at the tower top
(or building roof), feeder middle, and the wall hole through which feeder is led indoor.
If the feeder is excessively long, additional cable clips are needed.
Since 7/8 inch feeder should not be bent, the tower top (or building roof) antenna and
the feeder, indoor cabinet and the feeder should be connected via jumpers. The
jumpers provided by Huawei are 1/2 inch, 3.5m long, and with 7/16DIN connectors.
At the 450MHz band, the loss is about 2.65dB every 100m for 7/8 inch feeder, and
about 1.87dB every 100m for 5/4 inch feeder.
At the 800MHz band, the loss is about 3.9dB every 100m for 7/8 inch feeder, and
about 2.8dB every 100m for 5/4 inch feeder.
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Chapter 3 System Function
3.1 RF Functions
ODU3601C shares the baseband processing resource with the upper-level BTS. Its
RF functions are realized by working together with the upper-level BTS and BSC. It
complies with the TIA/EIA IS-97-D specifications.
3.1.1 Power Control
CDMA system is a self-jamming system, in which every subscriber is an interference
source to other subscribers. If it is possible to ensure that every MS transmits the
minimum power it needs, the whole system capacity can be the largest. Therefore,
power control directly affects the system capacity and the service quality.
I. Purpose
Power control is to
Ensure conversation quality, meanwhile restrict the transmitting power on the
forward and reverse links, thus minimizing the system interference.
Overcome the far-near effect caused by the freely distributed mobile stations, so
the signals of mobile stations whose distances to the BTS are different can reach
the BTS with the same power.
Realize the system soft capacity control.
Prolong MS battery life.
Minimize MS radiation to the human body.
II. Types
Power control can be divided into forward power control and reverse power control.
The forward power control is used to control BTS’s transmit power, while the reverse
power control aims to control MS’s transmit power.
1)
Forward power control
Forward power control can be implemented with various methods, whose applications
are subject to the MS protocol version and the system parameters.
Power control based on Power Measurement Report Message (PMRM)
In PMRM-based power control, the MS determines the method and frequency of
reporting PMRM in accordance with the received control message in the system
parameter message.
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Power control based on Erasure Indicator Bit (EIB)
In EIB power control, the MS detects the forward frame quality, and feeds back the
information to the BTS via EIB. The BTS will adjust the transmit power according to
EIB information.
Quick forward power control
In this mode, the BTS power is adjusted according to power control bit from the MS
(the maximum speed can reach 800bit/s). In cdma2000 1X system, large data service
is supported. Therefore, the requirement on forward power control is increasingly
strict. The forward quick power control method can control forward channel transmit
power accurately, so as to reduce the interference and improve the capacity.
2)
Reverse power control
Reverse power control includes open-loop power control and closed-loop power
control. The closed-loop power control can be sub-divided into inner loop power
control and outer loop power control.
Open-loop power control method
The MS determines the transmit power intensity to access the BTS according to the
received pilot signal strength.
Closed-loop power control method
The BTS issues power control command to the MS, and performs the adjustment
according to MS feedback. The principle of closed-loop power control is shown in the
following figure.
Power control bit
MS
Eb/Nt
BTS
FER
BSC
Eb/Nt changing quantity
Inner loop
Outer loop
Figure 3-1 Closed-loop power control
Inner loop power control: The BTS issues power control bit according to the received
Eb/Nt.
Outer loop power control: The BSC adjusts the Eb/Nt setting value according to the
Frame Error Rate (FER) of the received reverse signal. Then the BTS uses the newly
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set Eb/Nt value to issue power control bit, thus the purpose of indirectly controlling the
MS power is achieved.
3.1.2 Handoff
I. Types
The handoff can be divided into the following three types according to the handoff
procedures.
Hard handoff
The MS firstly interrupts the connection with the previous BTS, then sets up the
connection with the new BTS.
Soft handoff
When the MS establishes the communication with a new BTS, it will not release the
connection with the previous BTS.
Softer handoff
It is the soft handoff occurred among different sectors in the same BTS.
II. Purpose
With respect to the purpose, the handoff can be divided into three types: rescue
handoff, better cell handoff and traffic handoff.
Rescue handoff
When the MS is leaving the cell coverage area and the conversation quality is
unacceptable, the handoff occurs in order to avoid the interruption of the call.
Better cell handoff
If the rescue handoff condition is not triggered, this handoff may occur if conversation
quality or network performance can be improved. The handoff is called better cell
handoff because there is better cell for the call.
Traffic handoff
This kind of handoff occurs when one cell is congested due to its heavy load and the
adjacent cell is relatively idle. This mainly results from traffic peak within short time in
a limited area due to some special events (such as sports game, exhibition, etc).
3.1.3 Cell Breath
ODU3601C can control the transmit power so as to adjust the effective coverage of
cells and balance the system load. This feature is especially important to CDMA
system.
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The control range of transmit power provided by ODU3601C for cell breath is 24dB.
The transmit power is regulated at a step of 0.5dB.
3.1.4 Diversity Reception
The diversity reception function is realized through two sets of independent receiving
devices (including the antenna, feeder, and RF components).
The two sets of receiving devices demodulate the received signals at the same time,
and then the baseband processing unit decodes the signals with diversity mergence
algorithm to obtain diversity gain.
Diversity reception enhances BTS receivers' capability to resist attenuation, so that
the BTS can achieve satisfactory receiving effect even in complicated radio
transmission conditions.
3.1.5 Radio Configuration and Channel Support
I. Radio Configuration (RC)
Um interface supports cdma2000 1X, and is compatible with IS-95A/B. The spreading
rate is 1.2288Mcps.
The cdma2000 1X physical layer supports multiple radio configurations. Each radio
configuration supports the frames of the different rate sets, and possesses different
channel
configurations
and
spreading
spectrum
structures.
The
supported
transmission combinations include:
Forward RC1, and reverse RC1;
Forward RC2, and reverse RC2;
Forward RC3 or RC4, and reverse RC3;
Forward RC5, and reverse RC4.
With different RCs, cdma2000 1X presents different capabilities. RC1 and RC2 are
compatible with IS-95A/B.
Each RC supports certain traffic channel data rate. The specific data rates are listed
in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2.
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Table 3-1 Forward channel rates
Channel type
F-SYNCH
F-PCH
F-QPCH
F-DCCH
F-FCH
F-SCCH
RC3 or RC4
RC5
RC1
RC2
RC3 or RC4
RC5
RC1
RC2
RC3
F-SCH
RC4
RC5
Channel rate (bit/s)
1200
9600, or 4800
4800, or 2400
9600
14400 (20ms frame) or 9600 (5ms frame)
9600, 4800, 2400, or 1200
14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800
9600, 4800, 2700, or 1500 (20ms frame), or 9600 (5ms frame)
14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800 (20ms frame), or 9600 (5ms frame)
9600
14400
153600, 76800, 38400, 19200, 9600, 4800, 2700,or 1500 (20ms
frame)
307200, 153600, 76800, 38400, 19200, 9600, 4800, 2700,or 1500
(20ms frame)
230400, 115200, 57600, 28800, 14400, 7200,3600, or 1800
Table 3-2 Reverse channel rates
Channel type
R-ACH
R-DCCH
R-FCH
R-SCCH
R-SCH
RC3
RC4
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
Channel rate (bit/s)
4800
9600
14400 (20ms frame) or 9600 (5ms frame)
9600, 4800, 2400, or 1200
14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800
9600, 4800, 2700, or 1500 (20ms frames), or 9600 (5ms frame)
14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800 (20ms frames), 9600 (5ms frame)
9600
14400
307200,153600, 76800, 38400, 19200, 9600, 4800, 2700, or 1500
(20ms frame)
230400, 115200, 57600, 28800, 14400, 7200, 3600, or 1800
II. Physical channel configuration
On Um interface is defined series of physical channels, which are divided into
different types according to the channel features. Different RCs support different
channels.
1)
Forward physical channel
The configuration of forward physical channel is shown in Figure 3-2.
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Forward CDMA channel
F-CACH
F-PICH
F-CPCCH
F-TDPICH
F-PICH
F-APICH
F-CCCH
F-SYNCH
F-TCH
F-BCH
F-PCH
F-QPCH
F-ATDPICH
F-DCCH
F-FCH
F-PC
Sub-channel
F-SCCH
(RC1~2)
F-SCH
(RC3~5)
Figure 3-2 Forward physical channels
Forward Common Assignment Channel (F-CACH)
F-CACH is used for transmitting the assignment information in quick response to the
reversed channel, and provides the support for random access packet transmission in
the reversed link. F-CACH controls Reverse Common Control Channel (R-CCCH)
and Forward Common Power Control Channel (F-CPCCH) in Reservation Access
Mode, and provides the quick acknowledgement in power-controlled access mode. In
addition, it also provides congestion control function.
Forward Common Power Control Channel (F-CPCCH)
F-CPCCH is used in the system to support multiple R-CCCHs and Reverse
Enhanced Access Channels (R-EACHs) to perform power control.
Forward Pilot Channel (F-PICH)
Signals are transmitted on F-PICH all the time. The BTS transmits a fixed signal in
the pilot channel. This signal serves to provide phase reference for the coherent
demodulation of MS receiver to ensure coherent detection, and facilitates MS to
acquire synchronization signals from the synchronization channel and sector
identification information.
If the sector supports transmit diversity, it is necessary to configure Forward Transmit
Diversity Pilot Channel (F-TDPICH).
If smart antenna or beam shaping formation technology is adopted, the BTS will
provide one or more Forward Auxiliary Pilot Channels (F-APICHs) on the forward
channel to improve the system capacity and coverage.
When diversity transmit method is used in CDMA channel with F-APICH, BTS will
provide corresponding Forward Transmit Diversity Auxiliary Pilot Channel
(F-ATDPICH).
Forward Common Control Channel (F-CCCH)
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F-CCCH are a series of coding & interleaving spreading and modulation spread
spectrum signals, used by the MSs in the BTS coverage area. BTS transmits the
system information and the designated MS information on this channel.
Forward Sync. Channel (F-SYNCH)
The MSs in the coverage of BTS get initial synchronization information from
F-SYNCH. The rate of synchronization channel is 1,200bit/s and the frame length is
26.667ms. The PN of pilot signal in I channel and Q channel of synchronization
channel is the same as the PN in the pilot channel of the same BTS.
Forward Traffic Channel (F-TCH)
F-TCH is used to send the user information and signaling information to an MS during
the call. F-TCH can be sub-divided into:
Forward Dedicated Control Channel (F-DCCH), which bears traffic information and
signaling information,
Forward Fundamental Channel (F-FCH), which bears traffic information,
Forward Power Control sub-channel (F-PC sub-channel): which are the signals sent
only in forward fundamental channel or forward dedicated control channel,
Forward Supplemental Code Channel (F-SCCH): which bears traffic information, and
is applicable to RC1 and RC2, and
Forward Supplemental Channel (F-SCH), which bears traffic information and is
applicable to RC3, RC4 and RC5.
Forward Broadcast Channel (F-BCH)
F-BCH is used by BTS to send the system information and broadcast messages
(such as short messages). F-BCH operates in discontinuous mode.
Forward Paging Channel (F-PCH)
F-PCH is used by BTS to send the system information and MS-specific information to
MS.
Paging channel can be used to send the information with the fixed data rate of
9,600bit/s or 4,800bit/s. In a certain system (with the same system identification
number), all paging channels send the information with the same data rate.
The frame length of paging channel is 20ms. Each frequency of the sector can
support seven paging channels at most.
Forward Quick Paging Channel (F-QPCH)
This is used to send paging order and the system configuration changing order to
MSs operating in sub-timeslot mode, instructing them to receive the paging messages.
Thus the MS battery energy can be saved.
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Chapter 3 System Function
Quick paging channel can be divided into some 80ms timeslots. Each timeslot can be
divided into paging order and configuration changing order. The data rate that can be
supported is 2,400bit/s or 4,800bit/s.
Note:
In Figure 3-2, the channel in shadow will be supported in the subsequent version.
2)
Reverse physical channel configuration
The configuration of reverse physical channel is shown in Figure 3-3.
Reverse CDMA channel
R-ACH
R-TCH
( RC1~2)
R-EACH
R-CCCH
R-TCH
( RC3~4)
R-FCH
R-PICH
R-PICH
R-PICH
0~7
R-SCCH
R-EACH
R-CCCH
0~1
R-DCCH
0~1
R-FCH
0~2
R-SCH
R-PC
Subchannel
Figure 3-3 Configuration of reverse physical channel
Reverse Access Channel (R-ACH)
R-ACH is used by MS to originate the communication with BTS, and respond to
paging channel message. MS uses random access protocol to initiate access
procedure. Regarding each of the supported paging channel, Maximum 32 access
channels can be supported.
Reverse Traffic Channel (R-TCH)
R-TCH is used by MS to send the user information and signaling information during
the call.
In the configuration of RC1~RC2, R-TCH can be sub-divided into:
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Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH), and
Reverse Supplemental Code Channel (R-SCCH).
In the configuration of RC3~RC4, R-TCH can be sub-divided into:
Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH), which assists BTS to capture MS and improves
receiving performance,
Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (R-DCCH) used to bear traffic information and
signaling information,
Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH) used to bear traffic information,
Reverse Supplemental Channel (R-SCH) used to bear the traffic information, and
Reverse Power Control sub-channel (R-PC subchannel), which is only used in RC3
and RC4 (The MS supports inner loop power control and outer loop power control on
this channel).
Reverse Enhanced Access Channel (R-EACH)
R-EACH is used by MS to originate the communication with BTS, or respond to the
message that is specially sent to MS. R-EACH adopts random access protocol and
supports two types of access modes: Basic Access Mode and Reservation Access
Mode.
Reverse Common Control Channel (R-CCCH)
R-CCCH is used to send the user and signaling information to BTS in case of not
using reverse traffic channel. Two access modes are supported: Reservation Access
Mode and Designated Access Mode.
Note:
In Figure 3-3, the channels in shadow will be supported in the subsequent version.
3.2 Maintenance Function
ODU3601C maintenance can be implemented through the following methods:
Near maintenance
ODU3601C near maintenance operations include routine inspection, fault locating
and hardware troubleshooting.
Mainenance from upper-level BTS
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ODU3601C can be regarded as the RF module installed far away from the
upper-level BTS. Maintenance over the ODU3601C can be implemented through the
local maintenance console of the upper-level BTS.
OMC remote maintenance
OMC remote maintenance operations include software downloading, interface
management, test management, status management, event report processing,
equipment management, site configuration, and so on.
For detailed information abound ODU3601C maintenance, please refer to the "BTS
Maintenance" module of upper-level BTS User Manual.
3.3 Lightning Protection
3.3.1 Lightning Protection for Power Supply
As an outdoor soft base station, ODU3601C features strong protection capability
against extreme temperature, rain, dust and lightning, and is adaptive to the power
supply of unstable voltage.
ODU3601C MAPM is designed to be lightning proof. However, when operating
together with the lightning protection box for power supply, the lightning proof effect
will be even more satisfactory.
ODU3601C must be installed together with the lightning protection box for power
supply to protect it from lightning strike when: (1) There are only AC interfaces
(outdoor environment); or (2) The power distribution system does not have all-round
protection mechanism (indoor environment).
ODU3601C uses the single phase lightning protection box SPD211SZ of AC power
supply. It is connected between the mains cable and the ODU3601C input cable, and
can resist the surge current over 40kA. The phase voltage of local mains shall be
220VAC, and working frequency 50Hz. The connection is shown in Figure 3-4.
The AC lightning protection box should be selected according to the actual situation
from the three types: 20kA, 40kA and 100kA.
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Base station
ODU3601C
System Description
Chapter 3 System Function
LEN
Lightning
protection LEN
box
Mains cable ~220V/50Hz
Figure 3-4 ODU3601C AC power supply
The AC lightning protection box is a cube independent of the BTS equipment. This
feature makes it applicable to other BTS. The holes for cables are covered by
water-proof plastic, making installation convenient.
3.3.2 Lightning Protection for Antenna and Feeder System
The RF equipment of the ODU3601C shall be placed within the protection range of
the lightning rod, which is the precondition to ensure the normal performance of
ODU3601C lightning protection system.
Antenna & feeder lightning protection function is to protect against secondary
lightning attack, i.e. the inductive lightning. Inductive lightning means that the feeder
receives inductive current at the moment of lightning attack, which may cause
damage to the equipment.
Inductive lightning can be prevented effectively in three ways:
The feeder is grounded at least at three points. In actual implementation, the
number of grounding points depends on the length of the feeder.
The RF antenna & feeder part and MFEM are grounded through an internal path.
The lightning current induced by the antenna and feeder can be directly
discharged to the ground through the grounded point. Besides, the MFEM itself
features strong protection capability against lightning current, and can satisfy the
normal protection requirements without adding lightning protector.
Lightning rod protection. The lightning rod must be installed within the effective
range for the BTS when BTS is installed on the tower, in the open, or at a high
place. The protective range of the lightning arrester is shown in Figure 3-5.
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Chapter 3 System Function
Lightning rod
Grounding cable
cBTS3601C
ODU3601C
GND
Figure 3-5 Lightning protection of RF antenna & feeder
3.4 Configuration and Networking
3.4.1 Cabinet Configuration
The ODU3601C is of one-carrier configuration. Its main parts include MAPM, MTRM,
MFEM and MPAM.
Configuration of the ODU3601C cabinet is shown in Figure 3-6.
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Heat-pipe radiator
Figure 3-6 ODU3601C configuration
As shown in the above configuration, slots 0, 2, 3 and 4 are configured with MAPM,
MTRM, MFEM and MPAM respectively. Slot 1 is not configured with any module, but
waterproof treatment should be performed.
When the transmission conditions are met, the ODU3601C can be upgraded to
cBTS3601C by adding MBPM in slot 1 and satellite antenna and feeder.
3.4.2 Site Configuration
Basic configuration
The basic configuration is one carrier for omni cell.
Cascading configuration
Cascaded with BTS3601C, ODU3601C supports S(1/1) configuration. With two
ODU3601Cs cascaded with BTS3601C, it supports S(1/1/1) configuration.
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3.4.3 ODU3601C Networking
I. Networking of ODU3601C
The ODU3601C is cascaded with the up-level BTS (such as BTS3601C and
cBTS3612) to form network topology. For the information of cascading distance and
levels, please refer to Section 1.2 System Feature.
The network topology of ODU3601C cascaded with BTS is shown in Figure 3-7.
BSC
BTS
E1
ODU3601C
Optical fiber
Optical fiber
ODU3601C
Figure 3-7 Networking of ODU3601C
II. Combined networking
The combined networking of Huawei cdma2000 1X BTS series is shown in Figure
3-8.
Mobile integrated
management system
ODU3601C
BTS3601C
Ab
BSC/PCF
is
ODU3601C
BTS3601C
MS
A10/A11
SDH
BTS3601C
cBTS3612
cBTS3612
Abis
MS
Internet
A3/A7
/A
A1
ODU3601C
Packet domain
network equipment
A1
0/A
11
MS
A1/A2
cBTS3612
PLMN
Circuit domain
network equipment
PSTN/ISDN
BSC/PCF
Figure 3-8 Combined networking of Huawei cdma2000 1X BTS series
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and
Transmitter
The performances of BTS receivers and transmitters comply with or surpass all the
specifications defined in the IS-97-D Recommended Minimum Performance Standards
for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Base Stations.
A.1 Performance of Receiver
A.1.1 Frequency Coverage
450MHz band: 450 - 460MHz
800MHz band: 824 - 849MHz
A.1.2 Access Probe Acquisition
The access probe failure rates under the reliability of 90% is below the maximum
values listed in Table A-1:
Table A-1 Access probe failure rates
Eb/N0 Per RF input point (dB)
Maximum failure rate
5.5
6.5
50%
10%
A.1.3 R-TCH Demodulation Performance
I. Performance of R-TCH in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
The demodulation performance of the Reverse Traffic Channel in AWGN (no fading or
multipath) environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified Eb/N0
value. FER of 4 possible data rates should be calculated respectively. With 95%
confidence, the FER for each data rate does not exceed the two given FERs in Table
A-2 to Table A-9, which adopt the linear interpolation in the form of Log10(FER). Eb/N0
measurement value is decided by whichever is bigger of the Eb/N0 values in two RF
input ports.
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-2 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC1
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
3.0 @ 4.1dB
8.0 @ 4.1dB
23.0 @ 4.1dB
22.0 @ 4.1dB
0.2 @ 4.7dB
1.0 @ 4.7dB
5.0 @ 4.7dB
6.0 @ 4.7dB
Table A-3 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC2
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
5.0 @ 3.2dB
6.3 @ 3.2dB
5.8 @ 3.2dB
3.5 @ 3.2dB
0.2 @ 3.8dB
0.7 @ 3.2dB
1.0 @ 3.2dB
1.0 @ 3.2dB
Table A-4 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600
4,800
2,700
1,500
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.3% @ 2.4 dB
2.3% @ 3.8 dB
2.5% @ 5.0 dB
1.7% @ 7.0 dB
0.3% @ 3.0 dB
0.4% @ 4.4 dB
0.5% @ 5.6 dB
0.4% @ 7.6 dB
Table A-5 Maximum FER of R-SCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3
Data rate (bit/s)
19,200
38,400
76,800
153,600
307,200
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
9% @ 1.7 dB
13% @ 1.4 dB
14% @ 1.3 dB
14% @ 1.3 dB
14% @ 1.8 dB
1.7% @ 2.3 dB
2.1% @ 2.0 dB
2.4% @ 1.9 dB
2.4% @ 1.9 dB
2.0% @ 2.4 dB
Table A-6 Maximum FER of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver in demodulation performance test under RC3
Data rate (bit/s)
19,200
38,400
76,800
153,600
307,200
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
20% @ 0.6 dB
24% @ -0.1 dB
30% @ -0.5 dB
60% @ -0.9 dB
90% @ -0.3 dB
0.9% @ 1.2 dB
0.3% @ 0.5 dB
0.2% @ 0.1 dB
0.1% @ -0.3 dB
0.1% @ 0.3 dB
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-7 Maximum FER of F-FCH or R-DCCH receiver in demodulation performance test under RC4
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.4% @ 0.8 dB
2.4% @ 3.1 dB
1.7% @ 4.6 dB
1.6% @ 6.6 dB
0.3% @ 1.4 dB
0.4% @ 3.7 dB
0.3% @ 5.2 dB
0.5% @ 7.2 dB
Table A-8 Maximum FER of R-SCH receiver of demodulation performance test under RC4
Data rate (bit/s)
28,800
57,600
115,200
230,400
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
10% @ 1.7 dB
12% @ 1.6 dB
14% @ 1.6 dB
12% @ 1.7 dB
1.9% @ 2.3 dB
1.7% @ 2.2 dB
2.0% @ 2.2 dB
1.7% @ 2.3 dB
Table A-9 Maximum FER of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver of demodulation performance test under RC4
Data rate (bit/s)
28,800
57,600
115,200
230,400
FER limit (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
27% @ 0.7 dB
28% @ 0.2 dB
60% @ -0.2 dB
33% @ -0.5 dB
0.5% @ 1.3 dB
0.2% @ 0.8 dB
0.1% @ 0.4 dB
0.1% @ 0.1 dB
II. R-TCH performance in multipath fading without closed-loop power control
The performance of the demodulation of the Reverse Traffic Channel in a multipath
fading environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified Eb/N0
value. FER of 4 possible data rates should be calculated respectively. With 95%
confidence, the FER for each data rate shall not exceed that given by linear
interpolation on a log10 (FER) scale between the two values given in Table A-13 and
Table A-14. And the test value of Eb/N0 assumes the average value of Eb/N0 in two RF
input ports. During the test, the reverse service channel Eb/N0 of each RF input port
adopted is within the limits specified in Table A-12.
The configurations of standard channel simulator are given in Table A-10; and the
channel models of the R-TCH receiving performance test in multipath environment are
listed in Table A-11.
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-10 Standard channel simulator configuration
Standard
channel
Simulator
configuration
Speed
Number
of Paths
Path 2 power
(corresponds
to path 1)
Path 3 power
(corresponds
to path 1)
8km/h
25km/h
100km/h
0dB
N/A
0dB
N/A
N/A
-3dB
Deferring Deferring Deferring
path 1
path 2
path 3
input
input
input
0ls
0ls
0ls
2.0 ls
N/A
2.0 ls
N/A
N/A
14.5 ls
Table A-11 Channel models for the R-TCH receiving performance test
Case
Channel Simulator configurations
D2
2 (8 km/h, 2 paths)
3 (30 km/h, 1 path)
4 (100 km/h, 3 paths)
4 (100 km/h, 3 paths)
Table A-12 Eb/N0 limits of R-TCH without closed-loop power control
Rate configuration
RC1
RC2
Condition
D2
D2
Eb/N0 Limits (dB)
Lower limit
Upper limit
11.1
11.2
8.8
9.2
10.7
8.5
8.9
11.7
11.8
9.4
9.8
11.3
9.1
9.5
Table A-13 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC1
Case
D2
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
A-4
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.4
2.5
2.0
1.6
2.6
6.4
5.6
0.9
1.6
4.2
4.1
0.8
0.9
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.9
1.7
1.4
0.6
1.2
3.4
3.5
0.3
0.7
2.3
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-14 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC2
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
D2
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
1.3
1.0
0.7
0.6
1.7
1.6
1.5
2.2
0.9
0.9
1.1
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.9
1.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.9
III. Performance in multipath fading with closed-loop power control
The performance of the demodulation of the Reverse Traffic Channel in a multipath
fading environment is determined by the frame error rate (FER) at specified Eb/N0
value. FER of 4 possible data rates needs to be calculated respectively. With 95%
confidence, the FER for each data rate shall not exceed that given by linear
interpolation on a log10 scale between the two values given in Table A-16 and Table
A-23. And the test value of Eb/N0 assumes the average value of Eb/N0 tested on the
two RF input ports.
Table A-15 Channel models for the R-TCH receiving performance test
Condition
Number of Channel Simulator configurations
1 (3 km/h, 1 path)
2 (8 km/h, 2 paths)
3 (30 km/h, 1 path)
4 (100 km/h, 3 path)
Table A-16 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH receiver under RC1
Condition
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
9,600
4,800
2,400
1,200
A-5
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.8% @ 5.9 dB
7.6 @ 5.9 dB
23.0 @ 5.9 dB
22.0 @ 5.9 dB
1.5 @ 7.1 dB
8.0 @ 7.1 dB
18.0 @ 7.1 dB
16.0 @ 7.1 dB
0.3 @ 6.5 dB
2.2 @ 6.5 dB
12.0 @ 6.5 dB
14.0 @ 6.5 dB
0.7 @ 7.7 dB
4.8 @ 7.7 dB
13.0 @ 7.7 dB
12.0 @ 7.7 dB
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-17 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH receiver under RC2
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.8 @ 5.2 dB
4.7 @ 5.2 dB
8.7 @ 5.2 dB
15.0 @ 5.2 dB
1.3 @ 7.7 dB
3.2 @ 7.7 dB
4.7 @ 7.7 dB
5.2 @ 7.7 dB
0.4 @ 5.8 dB
1.3 @ 5.8 dB
4.6 @ 5.8 dB
9.8 @ 5.8 dB
0.7 @ 8.3 dB
1.8 @ 8.3 dB
3.5 @ 8.3 dB
3.9 @ 8.3 dB
Table A-18 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC3
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
9,600 (20 ms)
4,800
2,700
1,500
9,600 (20 ms)
4,800
2,700
1,500
9,600 (20 ms)
4,800
2,700
1,500
9,600 (20 ms)
4,800
2,700
1,500
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.4% @ 3.4 dB
2.0% @ 4.4 dB
1.8% @ 5.6 dB
1.8% @ 7.2 dB
2.0% @ 3.9 dB
2.0% @ 4.9 dB
1.8% @ 6.1 dB
1.7% @ 7.8 dB
1.5% @ 5.2 dB
1.5% @ 6.1 dB
1.4% @ 7.2 dB
1.4% @ 8.8 dB
2.0% @ 4.7 dB
2.0% @ 5.7 dB
1.8% @ 6.9 dB
1.7% @ 8.5 dB
0.5% @ 4.0 dB
0.5% @ 5.0 dB
0.5% @ 6.2 dB
0.6% @ 7.8 dB
0.5% @ 4.5 dB
0.5% @ 5.5 dB
0.5% @ 6.7 dB
0.5% @ 8.4 dB
0.6% @ 5.8 dB
0.6% @ 6.7 dB
0.6% @ 7.8 dB
0.6% @ 9.4 dB
0.5% @ 5.3 dB
0.5% @ 6.3 dB
0.5% @ 7.5 dB
0.5% @ 9.1 dB
Table A-19 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver under RC3
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
307,200
153,600
76,800
38,400
19,200
A-6
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
10% @ 2.6 dB
10% @ 2.6 dB
10% @ 2.1 dB
9.0% @ 2.4 dB
9.0% @ 2.8 dB
2.0% @ 3.2 dB
2.0% @ 3.2 dB
2.4% @ 2.7 dB
2.4% @ 3.0 dB
2.5% @ 3.4 dB
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System Description
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-20 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver under RC3
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
307,200
153,600
76,800
38,400
19,200
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
15% @ 0.8 dB
12% @ 0.2 dB
10% @ 0.7 dB
10% @ 1.3 dB
10% @ 2.1 dB
1.8% @ 1.4 dB
2.0% @ 0.8 dB
2.0% @ 1.3 dB
2.0% @ 1.9 dB
2.5% @ 2.7 dB
Table A-21 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-FCH or R-DCCH receiver under RC4
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3,600
1,800
14,400
7,200
3600
1,800
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
2.2% @ 3.2 dB
1.9% @ 3.9 dB
1.9% @ 5.1 dB
1.8% @ 7.0 dB
2.0% @ 3.8 dB
2.0% @ 4.3 dB
1.8% @ 5.6 dB
1.8% @ 7.5 dB
1.6% @ 5.1 dB
1.7% @ 5.6 dB
1.5% @ 6.7 dB
1.6% @ 8.4 dB
2.0% @ 4.6 dB
2.0% @ 5.1 dB
1.9% @ 6.3 dB
1.8% @ 8.1 dB
0.4% @ 3.8 dB
0.4% @ 4.5 dB
0.5% @ 5.7 dB
0.5% @ 7.6 dB
0.4% @ 4.4 dB
0.5% @ 4.9 dB
0.5% @ 6.2 dB
0.5% @ 8.1 dB
0.6% @ 5.7 dB
0.7% @ 6.2 dB
0.6% @ 7.3 dB
0.7% @ 9 dB
0.5% @ 5.2 dB
0.5% @ 5.7 dB
0.5% @ 6.9 dB
0.6% @ 8.7 dB
Table A-22 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH(Turbo Code) receiver under RC4
Case
Data rate (bit/s)
230,400
115,200
57,600
28,800
FER limits (%)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
10% @ 2.4 dB
9.0% @ 2.5 dB
9.0% @ 2.6 dB
7.5% @ 2.8 dB
1.4% @ 3.0 dB
2.3% @ 3.1 dB
2.2% @ 3.2 dB
2.5% @ 3.4 dB
Table A-23 Maximum FER of demodulation performance test of R-SCH (Turbo Code) receiver under
RC4
Case
Data rate
FER limits (%)
(bit/s)
Lower limit Eb/N0
Upper limit Eb/N0
230,400
115,200
57,600
28,800
10% @ 1.1 dB
10% @ 1.0 dB
11% @ 1.5 dB
10% @ 2.1 dB
2.0% @ 1.7 dB
1.5% @ 1.7 dB
1.8% @ 2.1 dB
2.0% @ 2.7 dB
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System Description
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
A.1.4 Receiving Performance
I. Sensitivity
450MHz band:
The R-TCH FER shall be <1.0% with 95% confidence when -127dBm/1.23MHz CDMA
RC3 signal level is inputted at BTS RF main and diversity input ports.
800MHz band:
The R-TCH FER shall be <1.0% with 95% confidence when -128dBm/1.23MHz CDMA
RC3 signal level is inputted at BTS RF main and diversity input ports.
II. Receiver dynamic range
450MHz band:
The
R-TCH
FER
shall
be
1.0%
or
less
with
95%
confidence
when
-127dBm/1.23MHz~-65dBm/1.23MHz CDMA signal level is inputted at BTS RF main
and diversity input ports.
800MHz band:
The R-TCH FER shall be 1.0% or less with 95% confidence when
-128dBm/1.23MHz~-65dBm/1.23MHz CDMA signal level is inputted at BTS RF main
and diversity input ports.
III. Single-tone desensitization
450MHz band:
Input the single-tone interference deviated from the center frequency at the BTS RF
input port: when the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency
+900kHz and -900kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 87dB higher than the
output power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER maintains <1.5%, the
output power of mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there is
single-tone interference or not.
800MHz band:
Input the single-tone interference deviated from the center frequency at the BTS RF
input port: when the single-tone interference deviates from the center frequency about
+750kHz and -750kHz, the input single-tone interference power is 50dB higher than the
output power of the mobile station simulator; when the single-tone interference
deviates from the center frequency +900kHz and -900kHz, the input single-tone
interference power is 87dB higher than the output power of the mobile station simulator.
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Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
When R-TCH FER maintains <1.5%, the output power of mobile station simulator
changes less than 3dB whether there is single-tone interference or not.
IV. Intermodulation spurious response attenuation
Input two single-tone interference of center frequency at the BTS RF input port: both
deviate from the center frequency +900kHz and +1700kHz respectively, and -900kHz
and -1700kHz respectively, the input single-tone interference power is 72dB higher
than the output power of the mobile station simulator. When R-TCH FER keeps <1.5%,
the output power of the mobile station simulator changes less than 3dB whether there
are two single-tone interference or no interference.
V. Adjacent channel selectivity
The output power of the mobile station simulator shall increase by no more than 3 dB
and the FER shall be less than 1.5% with 95% confidence.
A.1.5 Limitation on Emission
I. Conducted spurious emission
At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious emissions within the BTS receiving
frequency range is <-80dBm/30kHz.
At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious emissions within the transmitting
frequency range is <-60dBm/30kHz.
At BTS RF input port, the conducted spurious emissions within other frequency range
of 0~6GHz is <-47dBm/30kHz.
II. Radiated spurious emission
The radiated spurious emission is in compliant with local radio specifications.
A.1.6 RSQI
Received Signal Quality Indicator (RSQI) is defined as the signal-to-noise ratio Eb/N0,
where Eb is the energy per bit including the pilot and power control overhead and N0 is
the total received noise-pulse-interference power in the CDMA bandwidth including the
interference from other subscribers. The RSQI report values are list in Table A-24.
A-9
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System Description
Appendix A Performance of Receiver and Transmitter
Table A-24 RSQI range
Eb/N0 (dB) per input port
Minimum acceptable report value
Maximum acceptable report value
10
11
12
13
14
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
A.2 Performance of Transmitter
A.2.1 Frequency Requirement
I. Frequency coverage
450MHz band: 460 - 470MHz
800MHz band: 869 - 894MHz
II. Frequency tolerance
Within the working temperature range, the average difference between the actual
carrier frequency of CDMA transmit sector and the carrier frequency of the dedicated
transmit sector is less than !5%10-8(!0.05ppm) of the designated frequency.
A.2.2 Modulation Requirement
I. Synchronization and timing
Time tolerance for pilot frequency: The pilot time alignment error should be less than 3
ls and shall be less than 10 ls. For base stations supporting multiple simultaneous
CDMA Channels, the pilot time tolerance of all CDMA Channels radiated by a base
station shall be within ±1 ls of each other.
Time tolerance of pilot channel and other code-division channels: in the same CDMA
channel, time error between the pilot channel and other forwarding code-division
channels is  4.00 MHz
(ITU Class A Requirement)
> 4.00 MHz
(ITU Class B Requirement)
Spurious requirement
-45 dBc / 30 kHz
-60 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout ¦ 33 dBm
-27 dBm / 30 kHz; 28 dBm Ÿ Pout < 33 dBm
-55 dBc / 30 kHz; Pout < 28 dBm
-13 dBm / 1 kHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz
-13 dBm / 10 kHz;
150 kHz < f < 30 MHz
-13 dBm/100 kHz;
30 MHz < f < 1 GHz
-13 dBm / 1 MHz;
1 GHz < f < 5 GHz
-36 dBm / 1 kHz;
9 kHz < f < 150 kHz
-36 dBm / 10 kHz;
150 kHz < f < 30 MHz
-36 dBm/100 kHz;
30 MHz < f < 1 GHz
-30 dBm / 1 MHz;
1 GHz < f < 12.5 GHz
II. Radiated spurious emission
The radiated spurious emission complies with local radio specifications.
A-12
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System Description
Appendix B EMC Performance
Appendix B EMC Performance
ETSI EN 300 386 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM);
Telecommunication network Equipment. ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Requirements are the EMC standards of telecommunication equipment globally
applicable. EMC Performance of BTS complies with ETSI EN 300 386 V1.2.1
(2000-03). They are described in two aspects: EMI (EelectroMagnetic Interference)
and EMS (ElectroMagnetic Sensitivity).
B.1 EMI Performance
I. Conductive Emission (CE) at DC input/output port
CE performance indices are listed in Table B-1.
Table B-1 CE index at -48V port
Threshold (dB l V)
Frequency range
Average
Quasi-peak
56~46
46
50
66~56
56
60
0.15 ~ 0.5MHz
0.5 ~ 5MHz
5 ~ 30MHz
II. Radiated Emission (RE)
RE performance indices are listed in Table B-2.
Table B-2 RE performance requirement
Band (MHz)
Threshold of quasi-peak (dB l V/m)
30 ~ 1,000
1,000 ~ 12,700
61.5
67.5
& Note:
Test place is arranged according to ITU-R 329-7 [1].
B-1
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System Description
Appendix B EMC Performance
B.2 EMS Performance
I. R-F anti-electromagnetic interference (80MHz~1000MHz)
Values of RF anti-EMI test are listed in Table B-3.
Table B-3 Values of RF anti-EMI test
Test port
Test level
Performance class
Whole cabinet
3V/m
& Note:
Test method is the same as IEC1000-4-3 [9].
II. Voltage drop anti-interference
Among all test items of EMS, the requirement for resisting continuous interference test
is class A and the requirement for resisting transient interference test is class B.
Requirement for power drop and level interruption is shown in Table B-4.
Table B-4 Requirement for power drop and level interruption
Test port
Test level
Performance class
Drop 30%
Last for 10ms
AC port
When there is backup power, A
When there is no backup power, the communication link
need not be maintained. It can be re-created and the user
data can be lost.
When there is backup power, A
When there is no backup power, the communication link
need not be maintained. It can be re-created and the user
data can be lost.
Drop 60%
Last for 100ms
Drop over95%
Last for 5000ms
& Note:
Test method is the same as IEC61000-4-11 [13].
III. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Requirement for ESD test level is shown in Table B-5.
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System Description
Appendix B EMC Performance
Table B-5 Requirement for ESD test level
Discharge mode
Test level
Performance class
Contact
Air
2kV, 4kV
2kV, 4kV, 8kV
& Note:
1. Test method is the same as IEC 61000-4-2 [5].
2. ESD should be performed to all exposed surface of equipment to be tested except those to be protected
as required by the user's document.
IV. RF conductive anti-interference
In CDMA equipment, the port where a cable of more than 1 meter may be connected to,
including control port, DC input/output port and the input/output port of the connection
line when cabinets are combined, should satisfy the requirement for RF conductive
anti-interference. Voltage level is shown in Table B-6.
Table B-6 Voltage level
Test port
DC line port
AC line port
Signal line port and control line port
Voltage level
Performance class
3V
& Note:
Test method is the same as IEC61000-4-6 [9].
V. Surge
For CDMA equipment, the DC power input port, indoor signal line of more than 3 m,
control line (such as E1 trunk line, serial port line) and the cable that may be led out to
the outdoor should all satisfy the requirement for surge interference level. The test level
is shown in Table B-7.
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System Description
Appendix B EMC Performance
Table B-7 Test level
Test port
AC port
Control line, signal line
Control line, signal line (outdoor)
Test level
Performance class
Line~line, 2kV
Line~ground, 4kV
Line~line, 0.5kV
Line~ground, 1kV
Line~line, 1kV
Line~ground, 2kV
& Note:
The test method is the same as IEC61000-4-5 [11].
VI. Common-mode fast transient pulse
The signal and data lines between CDMA cabinets and that connected with other
systems (such as E1 trunk line), control line and cable connected to DC input/output
port, should be the requirement for fast transient pulse anti-interference level. The
threshold value is shown in Table B-8.
Table B-8 Threshold value
Test port
Signal control line port
DC line input/output port
AC line input port
B-4
Test level
Performance class
0.5kV
1kV
2kV
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
System Description
Appendix B EMC Performance
& Note:
Performance class A: it means that BTS can withstand the test without any damage and it can run normally
in the specified range. There is not any change in the software or data (all data in the storage or the data
being processed) related to the tested switching equipment. Equipment performance is not lowered.
Performance class B: it means that BTS can withstand the test without any damage. There is no change in
the software or the data in storage. Communication performance is lowered a little, but in the tolerance (as
defined for differet products). The existing communication link is not interrupted. After the test, the
equipment can recover to the normal status before the test automatically without any interference of the
operator.
Performance class C: some functions of BTS are lost temporarily during the test, but they will recover to
normal performance in a specific period after the test (normally the shortest time needed for system
reboot). There is no physical damage or system software deterioration.
Performance class R: after the test, there is no physical damage or fault (including software corruption)
with BTS. Protection equipment damage caused by external interference signal is acceptable. When the
protection equipment is replaced and the running parameters are re-configured, the equipment can
operate normally.
B-5
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Appendix C Environment Requirement
Appendix C Environment Requirement
BTS3601C environment requirements involve storage, transportation, and operation
environments. These requirements are specified based on the following standards:
ETS 300019 Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment
IEC 60721 Classification of environmental conditions
C.1 Storage Environment
I. Climate environment
Table C-1 Requirements on climate environment
Item
Altitude
Air pressure
Temperature
Temperature change rate
Relative humidity
Solar radiation
Thermal radiation
Wind speed
Rain
Range
Ÿ5000m
70kPa~106kPa
-40~+70 Celsius degree
Ÿ1 Celsius degree/min
10%~100%
Ÿ1120W/s²
Ÿ600W/s²
Ÿ30m/s
Drippling
II. Biotic environment
No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside.
Free from the attack of rodential animals (such as rats).
III. Air cleanness
No explosive, electrically/magnetically conductive, or corrosive particles around.
The density of physical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-2.
Table C-2 Requirements on the density of physical active substances
Physical active substance
Suspending dust
Falling dust
Sands
Note:
Suspending dust: diameter Ÿ75lm
Falling dust: 75lm ŸdiameterŸ150lm
Sands: 150lm ŸdiameterŸ1,000lm
Unit
mg/m³
mg/m²·h
mg/m³
C-1
Content
Ÿ5.00
Ÿ20.0
Ÿ300
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
System Description
Appendix C Environment Requirement
The density of chemical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-3.
Table C-3 Requirements on the density of chemical active substances
Chemical active substance
Unit
Content
SO 2
H2 S
NO2
NH3
Cl2
HCl
HF
O3
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
Ÿ0.30
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.50
Ÿ1.00
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.01
Ÿ0.05
IV. Mechanical stress
Table C-4 Requirements on mechanical stress
Item
Sub-item
Displacement
Acceleration
Frequency range
Impact response
spectrum II
Static load capability
Sinusoidal vibration
Unsteady impact
Range
Ÿ7.0mm
2~9Hz
Ÿ20.0m/s²
9~200Hz
Ÿ250m/s²
Ÿ5kPa
Note:
Impact response spectrum: The max. acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the specified
impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II indicates that the duration of semisinusoidal impact response
spectrum is 6ms.
Static load capability: The capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in normal
pile-up method.
C.2 Transportation Environment
I. Climate environment
Table C-5 Requirements on climate environment
Item
Altitude
Air pressure
Temperature
Temperature change rate
Relative humidity
Solar radiation
Thermal radiation
Wind speed
Range
Ÿ5,000m
70kPa~106kPa
-40~+70 Celsius degree
Ÿ3 Celsius degree/min
10%~100%
Ÿ1,120W/s²
Ÿ600W/s²
Ÿ30m/s
C-2
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Appendix C Environment Requirement
II. Biotic environment
No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside.
Free from the attack of rodential animals (such as rats).
III. Air cleanness
No explosive, electrically/magnetically conductive, or corrosive particles around.
The density of physical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-6.
Table C-6 Requirements on the density of physical active substances
Physical active substance
Suspending dust
Falling dust
Sands
Note:
Suspending dust: diameter Ÿ75lm
Falling dust: 75lm ŸdiameterŸ150lm
Sands: 150lm ŸdiameterŸ1,000lm
Unit
Content
mg/m³
mg/m²·h
mg/m³
No requirement
Ÿ3.0
Ÿ100
The density of chemical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-7.
Table C-7 Requirements on the density of chemical active substances
Chemical active substance
Unit
Content
SO 2
H2 S
NO2
NH3
Cl2
HCl
HF
O3
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
Ÿ0.30
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.50
Ÿ1.00
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.01
Ÿ0.05
IV. Mechanical stress
Table C-8 Requirements on mechanical stress
Item
Sinusoidal
vibration
Random vibration
Unsteady impact
Sub-item
Range
Displacement
Acceleration
Frequency range
Acceleration spectrum density
Frequency range
Impact response spectrum II
Static load capability
Ÿ7.5mm
2~9Hz
10m²/s³
2~9Hz
Ÿ300m/s²
Ÿ10kPa
Ÿ20.0m/s²
9~200Hz
3m²/s³
9~200Hz
Ÿ40.0m/s²
200~500Hz
1m²/s³
200~500Hz
Note:
Impact response spectrum: The max. acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the specified
impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II indicates that the duration of semisinusoidal impact response
spectrum is 6ms.
C-3
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iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
Item
System Description
Appendix C Environment Requirement
Sub-item
Range
Static load capability: The capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in normal pile-up
method.
C.3 Operation Environment
I. Climate environment
Table C-9 Requirements on temperature and humidity
Product
Temperature
Relative humidity
BTS3601C
-40~+55 Celsius degree
5%~100%
Note:
The measurement point of temperature and humidity is 2 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front of the equipment,
when there is no protective panels in front of and behind the cabinet.
Table C-10 Requirements on other climate environment
Item
Altitude
Air pressure
Temperature change rate
Solar radiation
Rain
Wind speed
Range
Ÿ4000m
70kPa~106kPa
Ÿ5 Celsius degree/min
Ÿ1120W/m²
Ÿ12.5L/min!０．６２５ L/min (IPX5)
Ÿ50m/s
II. Biotic environment
No microorganism like fungal or mould multiplied around or inside.
Free from the attack of rodential animals (such as rats).
III. Air cleanness
No explosive, electrically/magnetically conductive, or corrosive particles around.
The density of physical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-11.
C-4
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System Description
Appendix C Environment Requirement
Table C-11 Requirements on the density of physical active substances
Physical active substance
Unit
Suspending dust
mg/m³
Falling dust
mg/m²·h
Sands
mg/m³
Note:
Suspending dust: diameter Ÿ75lm
Falling dust: 75lm ŸdiameterŸ150lm
Sands: 150lm ŸdiameterŸ1,000lm
Content
Ÿ5
Ÿ20
Ÿ300
The density of chemical active substances shall meet the requirements listed in
Table C-12.
Table C-12 Requirements on the density of chemical active substances
Chemical active substance
Unit
Content
SO 2
H2 S
NH3
Cl2
HCl
HF
O3
NOx
Soft mist
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
mg/m³
Ÿ0.30
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ1.00
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.10
Ÿ0.01
Ÿ0.05
Ÿ0.05
Yes
IV. Mechanical stress
Table C-13 Requirements on mechanical stress
Item
Sinusoidal vibration
Unsteady impact
Sub-item
Displacement
Acceleration
Frequency range
Impact response
spectrum II
Static load capability
Range
Ÿ3.5mm
2~9Hz
Ÿ10.0m/s²
9~200Hz
Ÿ100m/s²
Note:
Impact response spectrum: The max. acceleration response curve generated by the equipment under the
specified impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II indicates that the duration of semisinusoidal impact
response spectrum is 6ms.
Static load capability: The capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in normal
pile-up method.
C-5
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System Description
Appendix E Standard Compliance
Appendix E Standard Compliance
E.1 General Technical Specification
TIA/EIA-97-D: Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for Base Stations
Supporting Dual-mode Spread Spectrum Mobile Stations
General Technical Requirements: FEDERAL IMT-MC (CDMA 2000) CELLULAR
MOBILE SYSTEM OPERATING IN BAND 450 MHZ
E.2 Um Interface
I. Physical layer
TIA/EIA IS-2000-2-A: Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum
Systems
II. MAC layer
TIA/EIA IS-2000-3-A: Medium Access Control (MAC) Standard for cdma2000 Spread
Spectrum Systems
III. Service capability
TSB2000: Capabilities Requirements Mapping for cdma2000 standards
E.3 Abis Interface
I. Physical layer
E1 interface
E1 Physical Interface Specification, September 1996
SDH STM-1
ANSI T1.101: Synchronization Interface Standard
ITU-T G.707: (3/96) Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy
(SDH)
ITU-T G.703: (10/98) Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces
E-1
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Appendix E Standard Compliance
ITU-T G.957: Optical interface for equipment and systems relating to the synchronous
digital hierarchy
ITU-T G.958: Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on
optical fiber cables
ATM
AF-PHY-0086.001: Inverse Multiplexing for ATM(IMA) Specification Version 1.1
ATM Forum af-phy-0064.000
ATM Forum af-phy-0130.000
ATM on Fractional E1/T1, October 1999
II. ATM layer
ANSI T1.627-1993: Telecommunications broadband ISDN-ATM Layer Functionality
and specification
III. ATM adaptation layer
ITU-T recommendation I.366.2: B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2 Specification
ITU-T I.363.5: B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Specification: Type 5 AAL
IV. TCP/IP
RFC791: Internet Protocol
RFC793: Transport Control Protocol
V. Abis interface high layer protocol
3GPP2 A.R0003: Abis interface technical report for cdma2000 1X Spread Spectrum
System
VI. Self-defined standard
cdma2000 1X Abis Interface High Layer Protocol
E.4 Lightning Protection
IEC 61312-1(1995) Protection Against Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse Part I:
General Principles
IEC 61643-1(1998) Surge Protective devices connected to low-voltage power
distribution systems
E-2
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Appendix E Standard Compliance
ITU-T K.11 (1993) Principles of Protection Against Over-voltage and Over-current.
ITU-T K.27 (1996) Bonding Configurations and Earthing Inside a Telecommunication
Building
ETS
300
253(1995)
Equipment
Engineering;
Earthing
and
bonding
of
telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centers
E.5 Safety
IEC60950 Safety of information technology equipment Including Electrical Business
Equipment
IEC60215 Safety requirement for radio transmitting equipment
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 1-M94 Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Equipment
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 950-95 Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including
Electrical Business Equipment.
UL 1419 Standard for Professional Video and Audio Equipment
73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive
UL 1950 Safety of information technology equipment Including Electrical Business
Equipment
IEC60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP Code).
GOST 30631-99. General Requirements to machines, instruments and other industrial
articles on stability to external mechanical impacts while operating;
GOST R 50829-95. Safety of radio stations, radio electronic equipment using
transceivers and their components. The general requirements and test methods;
GOST 12.2.007.0-75. Electrotechnical devices. The general safety requirements.
E.6 EMC
TS 25.105; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; TSG RAN WG4; UTRA (BS) TDD;
Radio transmission and reception89/336/EEC EMC directive Council directive of 3 May
1989 on approximation of laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic
compatibility;
CISPR 22 (1997): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance
characteristics of information technology equipment";
E-3
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Appendix E Standard Compliance
IEC 61000-6-1: 1997; "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
standards
Part 6: Generic
Section 1: Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial
environments";
IEC 61000-6-3: 1996; "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
Part 6: Generic
standards Section 3: mission standard for residential, commercial and light industrial
environments";
IEC 61000-3-2 (1995): "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits
Section
2: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current = 16 A) ";
IEC 61000-3-3 (1995): "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3: Limits
Section
3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for
equipment with rated current = 16 A"
IEC 61000-4-2 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-3 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques
Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic field
immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-4 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques
Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-5 (1995): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques Section 5: Surge immunity test";
IEC 61000-4-6 (1996): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques
Section 6: Immunity to contacted disturbances, induced by
radio frequency fields";
IEC 61000-4-11 (1994): " Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4: Testing and
measurement techniques
Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage
variations. Immunity tests";
ITU-T Recommendation K.20, Resistibility of Telecommunication Switching Equipment
to Overvoltages and Overcurrents;
CFR 47,FCC Part 15－Radio Frequency Device;
TS 25.113v3.1.0, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group
Radio Access Networks; Base station EMC;
ITU-R Rec. SM.329-7: "Spurious emissions";
GOST R 51318.22-99: Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment.
Man-made noise from informational equipment. Limits and test methods;
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System Description
Appendix E Standard Compliance
GOST 30429-96. "Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Man-made
noise from equipment and apparatus used together with service receiver systems of
civil application. Limits and Test methods.
E.7 Environment
IEC 60721－3－1"Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of
groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 1: Storage";
IEC 60721－3－2"Classification of environmental conditions- Part3: Classification of
groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 2: Transportation";
IEC 60721-3-3 (1994) "Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3:
Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 3:
Stationary use at weather protected locations";
IEC 60721-3-4 (1995): "Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3:
Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4:
Stationary use at non-weather protected locations";
ETS 300 019－2－1 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-1, Specification of
environmental tests Storage";
ETS 300 019－2－2 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions an d
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-2, Specification of
environmental tests Transportation";
ETS 300 019－2－3 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-3, Specification of
environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at weather-protected locations";
ETS 300 019－2-3 "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part2-3, Specification of
environmental tests Transportation Stationary use at non-weather-protected locations";
IEC 60068-2-1 (1990): "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests A: Cold";
IEC 60068-2-2 (1974): "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests. Tests B: Dry heat";
IEC 60068-2-6 (1995): "Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration
(sinusoidal)".
GOST 15150-69: Machines, instruments and other industrial articles. Applications for
different climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions
in compliance with the environmental factors";
E-5
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System Description
Appendix E Standard Compliance
GOST 23088-80. "Electronic equipment. Requirements to packing and transportation
and test methods".
E-6
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System Description
Appendix F Abbreviation
Appendix F Abbreviation
F.1 Abbreviation of Modules
MAPM
MBKP
MBPB
MBPM
MDPM
MFEM
MLNA
MMCB
MPAU
MPAM
MRDU
MTRB
MTRM
Micro-bts Ac-dc Power supply Module
Micro-bts Backplane
Micro-bts Base-band Processing Board
Micro-bts Base-band Processing Module
Micro-bts Dc-dc Power supply Module
Micro-bts Radio Frequency Front End Module
Micro-bts Low-Noise Amplifier
Micro-bts Monitor & Control Board
Micro-bts Power Amplifier Unit
Micro-bts Power Amplifier Module
Micro-bts Divide And Duplexer Receive Filter Unit
Micro-bts Transceiver Board
Micro-bts Transceiver Module
F.2 Glossary
3GPP2
A1/A2/A5
A3/A7
A8/A9
A10/A11
AAA
AAL2
AAL5
Abis
AC
A/D
ADC
ANSI
ARQ
ATM
AUC
3rd Generation Partnership Project 2
Availability
BAM
BPSK
BS
BSC
BSS
BTS
Back Administration Module
Binary Phase Shift Keying
Base Station
Base Station Controller
Base Station Subsystem
Base Transceiver Station
CCITT
CDMA
CEs
CLI
CLK
CM
CN
CTC
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
Code Division Multiple Access
Channel Elements
Command Line Interpreter
Clock
Connection Management
Core Network
Common Transmit Clock
Authorization, Authentication and Accounting
ATM Adaptation Layer 2
ATM Adaptation Layer 5
Authentication Center
Analog/Digit
Analog Digit Converter
American National Standards Institute
Automatic Repeat Request
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Authentication
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System Description
Appendix F Abbreviation
D/A
DAC
DAGC
DC
DCE
Digit/Analog
Digit Analog Converter
Digit Automatic Gain Control
Direct Current
Data Communications Equipment
EIA
EIB
EIR
EMC
EMI
Electronics Industry Association
Erasure Indicator Bit
Equipment Identity Register
Electro Magnetic Compatibility
Electro Magnetic Interference
FA
F-APICH
F-ATDPICH
F-BCH
FCACH
F-CCCH
F-CPCCH
F-DCCH
FER
F-FCH
F-PCH
F-PICH
F-QPCH
F-SCCH
F-SCH
F-SYNCH
F-TCH
F-TDPICH
FTP
Foreign Agent
Forward Assistant Pilot Channel
Forward Transmit Diversity Assistant Pilot Channel
Forward Broadcast Channel
Forward Common Assignment Channel
Forward Common Control Channel
Forward Common Power Control Channel
Forward Dedicated Control Channel
Frame Error Rate
Forward Fundamental Channel
Forward Paging Channel
Forward Pilot Channel
Forward Quick Paging Channel
Forward Supplemental Code Channel
Forward Supplemental Channel
Forward Sync Channel
Forward Traffic Channel
Forward Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel
File Transfer Protocol
GLONASS
GMSC
GPS
GRIL
GUI
Global Navigation Satellite System
Gateway Mobile-services Switching Centre
Global Positioning System
GPS/GLONASS Receiver Interface Language
Graphics User Interface
HA
HDLC
HLR
HPAU
HPSK
ICP
IF
IMA
IP
IPOA
ISDN
ITC
ITU
ITU-T
IWF
Home Agent
High level Data Link Control
Home Location Register
High Power Amplifier Unit
Hybrid Phase Shift Keying
IMA Control Protocol
Intermediate Frequency
Inverse Multiplexing for ATM
Internet Protocol
IP over ATM
Integrated Services Digital Network
Independent Transmit Clock
International Telecommunications Union
ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
Interworking Function
JTAG
Joint Test Action Group
LAC
LMF
LNA
Link Access Control
Local Maintenance Function
Low-Noise Amplifier
MAC
MML
Modem
MPU
Medium Access Control
Man-Machine Language
Modulator-Demodulator
Micro Process Unit
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System Description
Appendix F Abbreviation
MS
MSC
MTBF
MTTR
Mobile Station
Mobile Switching Center
Mean Time Between Failures
Mean Time To Repair
NID
Network Identification
OAM
OCXO
OEM
OMC
OML
OMU
OQPSK
OTD
Operation, Administration and Maintenance
Oven voltage Control Oscillator
Original Equipment Manufacturer
Operation & Maintenance Center
Operation & Maintenance Link
Operation & Maintenance Unit
Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Orthogonal Transmit Diversity
PCF
PDSN
PGND
PLMN
PN
PSPDN
PSTN
PSU
PVC
PVP
PWM
Packet Control Function
Packet Data Service Node
Protection Ground
Public Land Mobile Network
Pseudo Noise
Packet Switched Public Data Network
Public Switched Telephone Network
Power Supply Unit
Permanent Virtual Channel
Permanent Virtual Path
Pulse-Width Modulation
QIB
QoS
QPSK
Quality Identification Bit
Quality of Service
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
R-ACH
RC
RC1
RC2
RC3
RC4
R-CCCH
R-DCCH
R-EACH
RF
R-FCH
RLP
RM
R-PICH
R-SCCH
R-SCH
RSQI
R-TCH
Reverse Access Channel
Radio Configuration
Radio Configuration 1
Radio Configuration 2
Radio Configuration 3
Radio Configuration 4
Reverse Common Control Channel
Reverse Dedicated Control Channel
Reverse Enhanced Access Channel
Radio Frequency
Reverse Fundamental Channel
Radio Link Protocol
Radio Management
Reverse Pilot Channel
Reverse Supplemental Code Channel
Reverse Supplemental Channel
Receive Signal Quality Indicator
Reverse Traffic Channel
SDH
SDU
SID
SME
SPU
SRBP
SSSAR
STM-1
STS
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
Selection/Distribution Unit
System Identification
Signaling Message Encryption
Signaling Process Unit
Signaling Radio Burst Protocol
Special Service Segmentation and Reassemble
Synchronization Transfer Mode 1
Space Time Spreading
TA
TA
TAm
Timing Advance
Terminal Adapter
Mobile Terminal Adapter
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System Description
Appendix F Abbreviation
TCP
TDMA
TE1
TE2
TIA
TMSI
TRX
Transport Control Protocol
Time Division Multiple Access
Terminal Equipment 1
Terminal Equipment 2
Telecommunications Industry Association
Temp Mobile Subscriber Identifier
Transceiver
UART
Um
UTC
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
VCI
VLR
VPI
Virtual Channel Identifier
Visitor Location Register
Virtual Path Identifier
Universal Coordinated Time
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BTS Maintenance
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions .......................................................................1-1
1.1 Overview...................................................................................................................1-1
1.1.1 Purposes of Routine Maintenance.....................................................................1-1
1.1.2 Classification of Routine Maintenance Operations ..............................................1-1
1.1.3 Usage of Routine Maintenance Records ............................................................1-2
1.2 Monthly Maintenance Instructions ...............................................................................1-7
1.3 Quarterly Maintenance Instructions .............................................................................1-7
1.4 Yearly Maintenance Instructions .................................................................................1-7
Chapter 2 Fault Analysis and Locating.................................................................................2-1
2.1 Conventional Fault Handling Process and Method .......................................................2-1
2.1.1 Classification of Faults......................................................................................2-1
2.1.2 General Handling Procedure.............................................................................2-1
2.1.3 Conventional Methods for Fault Judgment and Location .....................................2-1
2.2 Typical Case Analysis ................................................................................................2-4
2.2.1 Software Download Fault..................................................................................2-5
2.2.2 Initialization Failure ..........................................................................................2-5
2.2.3 Coverage Fault ................................................................................................2-6
2.2.4 Module Fault....................................................................................................2-7
Chapter 3 Part Replacement.................................................................................................3-1
3.1 General Replacement Procedure................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Note................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.2 Module Removal..............................................................................................3-1
3.1.3 Module Installation ...........................................................................................3-2
3.1.4 Replacement Completed ..................................................................................3-3
3.2 Part Replacement ......................................................................................................3-3
3.2.1 Module Replacement .......................................................................................3-3
3.2.2 Optical Fiber Replacement ...............................................................................3-4
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window .......................................................................... A-1
A.1 MTRM ..................................................................................................................... A-1
A.2 MPAM ..................................................................................................................... A-2
A.3 MFEM ..................................................................................................................... A-2
A.4 MAPM ..................................................................................................................... A-2
Appendix B Return Loss, VSWR and Reflection Coefficient ............................................... B-1
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Chapter 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions
1.1 Overview
ODU3601C Routine Maintenance Instructions describes in details the contents and
methods of ODU3601C routine maintenance operations. It serves as a reference in
determining the routine maintenance schedule of a particular site.
1.1.1 Purposes of Routine Maintenance
Normal system operation of ODU3601C in different running environment depends on
effective routine maintenance. ODU3601C routine maintenance is intended to detect
and solve problems in due time to prevent trouble.
1.1.2 Classification of Routine Maintenance Operations
I. Classification by implementing methods
Conventional maintenance
This method is applied on regular basis to observe the operation of the system, test
and analyze equipment performance.
Unconventional maintenance
The unconventional method is to test whether the system performance has degraded
by artificially creating some faults. For example, maintenance engineers may
artificially create some faults and test if the alarm system reports alarm correctly.
II. Classification by period length
Unscheduled maintenance
This includes the maintenance operations performed at equipment fault or network
adjustment. For example, maintenance tasks performed due to by user complaint,
damage of equipment and line fault. Solving of problems left over by daily
maintenance operations is also regarded as unscheduled maintenance operation.
Daily maintenance
It refers to the maintenance tasks conducted each day. ODU3601C daily
maintenance helps maintenance engineers keep track of the operating conditions of
the equipment at any moment so that problems can be solved in time. When a
problem is detected in daily maintenance, record it in detail to help eliminate it in time.
1-1
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Periodical maintenance
Periodical maintenance refers to the maintenance tasks conducted regularly.
Periodical maintenance helps maintenance engineers keep track of the long-term
performance of the equipment.
Periodical maintenance includes: monthly maintenance, quarterly maintenance and
yearly maintenance.
1.1.3 Usage of Routine Maintenance Records
As a maintenance engineer, you are required to fill in the following tables when you
conduct the daily, monthly, quarterly and yearly maintenance for your ODU3601C.
And specific instructions have been given after those tables.
I. Daily unexpected fault handling record
Note down in details the unexpected faults occurred in ODU3601C daily maintenance
operations in the table for future reference. The user may modify the record according
to the actual needs, or compile the records into manuals.
II. Monthly maintenance record
Note down in details the actual maintenance operations carried out during
ODU3601C monthly maintenance in the table. For details, see ODU3601C Monthly
Maintenance Operation Instruction.
III. Quarterly maintenance record
Note down in details the actual maintenance operations carried out during
ODU3601C quarterly maintenance in the table. For details, see ODU3601C Quarterly
Maintenance Operation Instruction.
IV. Yearly maintenance record
Note down in details the actual maintenance operations carried out during
ODU3601C yearly maintenance in the table. For details, see ODU3601C Yearly
Maintenance Operation Instruction.
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Table 1-1 Daily Unexpected Fault Handling Record
Site
Belong-to BSC
Time when fault is
solved:
Handled by:
Time when fault
occurred:
Person on duty:
Classification of fault:
Micro-bts Ac-dc Power supply Module (MAPM)
Micro-bts Radio Frequency Front End Module (MFEM)
Antenna and feeder system
Fault detected:
With user complaint
In Daily maintenance
Description of fault:
Micro-bts Transceiver Module (MTRM)
Micro-bts Power Amplifier Module (MPAM)
Others
From the alarm system
From other sources
Alarm handling & result:
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Chapter 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Table 1-2 Monthly Maintenance Record
Site: _______________
Time of
maintenance:____(MM)_____(DD)_____(YY)
____(MM)____(DD)____(YY)
Maintainer:
Items
Status
Environment
Temperature
Humidity
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
Indoor air-conditioner
•Normal, •Abnormal
Call test
•Normal, •Abnormal
Battery group
•Normal, •Abnormal
Grounding, lightening protection and power
supply system
RF antenna and feeder part
Power supply module
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
Description of fault and
handling measures taken
Problems remained
Shift leader check
Caution:
Avoid short circuit upon battery check!
1-4
Remarks
Upon indoor
installation for
ODU3601C
When a battery
group is used
Maintenance
engineers
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Table 1-3 Quarterly Maintenance Record
Site: _______________
Time of
maintenance:____(MM)_____(DD)____(YY)
____(MM)____(DD)____(YY)
Items
Power supply
Road test
Accessories check
Maintainer:
Status
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
Description of fault and
handling measures taken
Problems remained
Shift leader check
1-5
Remarks
Maintenance engineers
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions
Table 1-4 Yearly Maintenance Record
Site: _______________
Time of maintenance:____(MM)_____(DD)_____(YY)
____(MM)____(DD)____(YY)
Maintainer:
Items
Call test
Cabinet sanitation
BTS power output
Grounding resistance and grounding wires
Water-proof performance of antenna and feeder
connector and lightening protection grounding clip
Firmness and angle of antenna
Status
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
•Normal, •Abnormal
Description of fault and handling
measures taken
Problems remained
Shift leader check
1-6
Remarks
Maintenance
engineers
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 1 Routine Maintenance Instructions
1.2 Monthly Maintenance Instructions
Items
Instructions
Call test
Grounding, lightening protection
systems and power supply
system
Antenna and feeder part
Power supply module
Note
Make calls with a Mobile Station (MS). Collect
information at both the MS and the Base Station
Controller (BSC) to see if all calls are normal for
all sector carriers.
1) Check the connections in the grounding system
and the lightening protection system.
2) Check if the power supply system is normal.
3) Check if any part of the lightening protector is
burnt.
1) Check if the support of the antenna is set to the
correct direction;
2) Check if the water-proof performance of the
feeder is normal.
Check if there is any alarm on the power supply
module.
There should be no noise, no call
dropping, nor cross talking.
Keep the lightening protector in good
status.
Query at the maintenance console.
1.3 Quarterly Maintenance Instructions
Items
Instructions
Note
Check 220V AC supply
Measure whether input voltage and frequency are
in the specified range.
Road test
Test on the handoff and coverage area of the cells
with a test MS.
Accessories check
Check the auxiliary facility box and UPS, etc.
Range of normal input voltage:
Rated frequency:
1.4 Yearly Maintenance Instructions
Items
Instructions
Call test
Make calls with an MS. Collect information at both the
MS and the BSC to see if all calls are normal for all
sector carriers.
Cabinet sanitation
Tools required: Vacuum cleaner, alcohol and towel.
BTS power output
Test the transmit power of the carriers.
Grounding resistance and
grounding wires
1) Measure the grounding resistance with proper test
instruments.
2) Check for lose grounding wire connectors and their
aging status
Water-proof performance of
antenna and feeder connector
and lightening protection
grounding clip
Firmness and angle of
antenna
Note
There should be no noise, no call
dropping, nor cross talking.
Impose strict operation regulations
to prevent mis- operation on the
power supply system.
Check if the output is the same as
designed in the BSC.
1) Check the external parts;
2) Unwrap them and check.
Wrap up the checked parts with
the same material used before the
check.
1) Tighten the bolts with the wrench.
2) Check if the angle are correctly set.
Do not apply too much torque on
the bolts
1-7
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 2 Fault Analysis and Locating
Chapter 2 Fault Analysis and Locating
2.1 Conventional Fault Handling Process and Method
2.1.1 Classification of Faults
Faults can be classified into three categories according to their sources:
Faults with BTS equipment
Faults with data configuration
Faults with other Network Elements (NE) like MS, BSC, or cells of other BTSs.
Generally, faults can be reported by:
The alarm system. The alarm system will send out signal whenever it detects a
fault, and recommend relevant resolution.
MS Subscribers. Sometimes, poor service or performance is also a form of fault.
For instance, poor conversation quality, MS access failure.
Maintenance & Operation Engineer. In some case, fault might happen while
loading data or sending commands.
2.1.2 General Handling Procedure
The fault handling process involves four stages: Information collection, fault judgment,
fault location, and troubleshooting.
Information collection: Collect all available original information
Fault judgment: Specify the fault range
Fault location: Locate the specific fault cause
Troubleshooting: Eliminate faults and restore the system through proper
measures or steps
2.1.3 Conventional Methods for Fault Judgment and Location
I. Original information analysis
The original information includes abnormal phenomenon reported by Maintenance &
Operation Engineers, users or offices.
It provides first-hand materials for fault
judgment and analysis. Thus it helps engineers minimize the fault range and locate
fault type.
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Chapter 2 Fault Analysis and Locating
II. Alarm information analysis
The alarm system of the BTS will send out signals in the form of sound, light, LED
and screen output. This information, shown in the Alarm Maintenance Console,
includes detailed description for fault, possible cause and recommended solution.
The faults identified by alarm system range from hardware, link and trunk to CPU
load. Hence, the alarm system is a very useful tool for engineers to locate and solve
faults.
Alarm information analysis can help locate the specific location and cause of the fault.
The rich and complete alarm information from the BSS alarm console can be used to
locate a fault directly or in cooperation with other methods. It is the major method for
fault analyzing.
III. Indicator status analysis
On the maintenance window of BTS modules, there are indicators to reflect statuses
of boards, circuits, links and nodes. Hints given by indicators often help engineer to
locate faults quickly. Generally, this method is applied together with alarm information.
IV. MS dialing test
In most cases, BTS functions affect the quality of voice and data services. It is a
straightforward method to verify calling function and BTS modules via MS dialing test.
This method is frequently used to verify signaling system, voice and data
transmission.
V. Instruments and meters
It is a conventional technical method for BTS fault handling to analyze fault through
instruments and meters. Instruments and meters can provide visualized and
quantized data to directly reflect the fault nature. This method is widely applied in
signaling analysis, wave shape analysis, BER detection and feeder fault detection
VI. Traffic measurement
Call completion rate, a key indicator for measuring capability of telecom operators,
directly relates to profits of operators and their customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is
critically important for operators to increase call completion rate and minimize call
loss.
Traffic measurement is a powerful tool to enhance call completion rate by detecting
cause for call loss. Faults with BTS are also direct causes that affect call completion
rate.
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 2 Fault Analysis and Locating
VII. Interface tracing
The BSS O&M system can trace messages of Abis interface, OML interface, Um
interface and A interface on the real-time basis.
This function provides a very efficient approach for identifying faults occurred in call
connection or BTS-BSC signaling interworking. Given this information, engineers can
easily locate root cause and figure out follow-up actions.
VIII. Loopback test
Loopback test is a common approach to verify normal functioning of transmission
equipment and trunk parameter setting. Loopback test is a kind of self-sending and
self-receiving method. By performing this test, engineers are able to check
transmission equipment, channel, service status, and signaling interworking.
Two loopback modes are available: Software loopback and hardware loopback. The
former is easier to perform and more flexible but less reliable than the latter.
Conventional loopback tests are E1 loopback test and optical fiber loopback test.
Note:
When E1 outloop test is activated on the BSC side, the time parameter is mandatory. Otherwise the BTS
will be kept in the disconnected status all the time unless the BTS is reset on the site.
IX. Contrast/Conversion
In the contrast mode, the user can compare the faulty part or phenomenon with the
normal part or phenomenon so as to detect the dissimilarity and locate the fault. This
method can be used in simple fault cases.
After spare parts are used, the fault range or location still cannot be specified. In this
case, the user can interchange the normal parts like boards or fiber with the possible
faulty parts, and then detect the change on operation status. In this way, the fault
range or fault location can be detected. This method can be used in cases with
complex fault ranges.
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BTS Maintenance
Chapter 2 Fault Analysis and Locating
Note:
Interchanging is a risky operation. For example: A board in short-circuit status, if interchanged to a
normal subrack, may damage the normal subrack. Therefore, the use of this method is requires great
care. Do not use it unless you are sure that it will not cause new faults
X. Getting help on Huawei technical support website
Users can login Huawei's technical support website support@huawei.com for help.
This website collects a large number of cases for all product lines, and shares our
experience in specific fault location and solving.
Registration is needed before you can use these information. After login with your
user name and password, you can search the information of your interest. For
example, input [Maintenance experience], [Mobile Telecommunication] and [CDMA]
to search the related fault cases.
In addition, you can enter the [Technical Forum] of support@huawei.com to search
related problems or post your questions for solution.
XI. Contacting Huawei local office
If you cannot locate or solve the fault, you can contact Huawei local office or contact
Huawei headquarters.
Within the warranty period, Huawei provides the following services: Telephone
consultation, telephone instruction, remote dial-up diagnosis, on-the-site support,
hardware maintenance, complaint handling, on-the-site training and regional manager
service.
Contact information of Huawei Customer Service Center
Hotline: 86-755-28560000 8008302118
Fax: 86-755-28560111
E-mail: support@huawei.com
E-mail of technical support network administrator: supportmaster@huawei.com
2.2 Typical Case Analysis
This part shares with you some typical cases our customer met, together with
relevant resolution, in their maintenance and operation process. It is expected to give
you some hint in solving the problem you encounter. Four cases are presented
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User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 2 Fault Analysis and Locating
hereinafter: software download fault, initialization failure, coverage fault and module
fault.
2.2.1 Software Download Fault
I. Fault Description
Software download faults include software download failure, maintenance console
prompting failure or the failure of generating correct prompt information. For
ODU3601C, the software to be downloaded is the software of Micro-bts transceiver
Module (MTRM).
II. Troubleshooting
Software download failure may be caused by the following two factors: The failure of
downloading software to the upper-level BTS and the file loading operation
abnormally terminated by the board
Failure of downloading software to upper-level BTS
1)
Check whether the OMU BOOTP of the upper-level BTS is normal
The BOOTP failure may be caused by a blocked link, incorrect route or configuration
errors, etc. These causes should be analyzed one by one to eliminate the faults.
2)
Check whether the FTP server in BAM is configured correctly.
The FTP server configuration includes the following four items: user name, password,
user access path and access authority. Incorrect configuration of any of these four
items may lead to user login failure and software loading failure.
Related details are available in the "BTS Maintenance" module of the user manual of
the upper-level BTS.
File loading terminated abnormally by board
All files should carry a correct file header in the specific format as required. The file ID
and file version in the header should match that in the activation commands released
by the OMC, otherwise the board may consider the software to be downloaded is not
what is expected and thus prompt exceptional errors.
2.2.2 Initialization Failure
I. Fault Description
When the ODU3601C is powered on, the system initialization aborts, which leads to
the BTS start-up failure.
Upon this failure, the ACT indicator of MTRM keeps flashing fast.
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User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 2 Fault Analysis and Locating
II. Troubleshooting
The ODU3601C initialization faults can be located through the followi ng methods.
Otherwise, please refer to the "BTS Maintenance" module of the user manual of the
upper-level BTS.
Incorrect BTRM data configuration
BTRM data configuration error may also lead to the BTS initialization failure, thus we
need to carefully check all the parameters, such as the board ID, cell ID, cell resource
pool ID and optical interface ID, etc. Reconfigure those parameters if necessary.
Incorrect physical board connection
Eliminate the fault according to the following two cases:
- The boards or modules are not installed properly and need to be corrected;
- Fiber connection fault exists between the upper-level BTS and the MTRM of
ODU3601C. Please refer to the "BTS Maintenance" module of the user manual of the
upper-level BTS.
2.2.3 Coverage Fault
I. Fault Description
The downlink coverage scope decreases while the receiving signal fluctuation of the
mobile station increases.
II. Troubleshooting
In the case of coverage fault, please eliminate the system's antenna feeder fault and
RF module fault first, and then eliminate the effect from external interference sources.
1)
Check antenna & feeder system
Check with sitemaster whether the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is normal
(VSWR should be less than 1.5 for BTS installation). If abnormal, check VSWR (less
than 1.5) step by step from the antenna port of MFEM to the antenna of BTS, and
check the transmit power (including testing the transmit power at the coupling-output
port of MFEM). Check whether the connectors are installed correctly and tightly and
check the seals. Check the following cases to eliminate faults
Water infiltration in the antenna feeder system;
Antenna, feeder and jumper damaged;
BTS antenna and jumper disconnected or in poor contact;
The feeder and jumper are disconnected or in poor contact;
The jumper and MFEM are disconnected or in poor contact;
The feeder and jumper connector are not installed correctly.
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iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
2)
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 2 Fault Analysis and Locating
Check RF channel
Test the output downlink power at the feeder port of ODU3601C. If the difference
between the down link power and the nominal power of BTS is too large, the fault
should exist with the RF downlink channel. In this case, please check the following
items in sequence: MTRM, MPAM, MFEM. Then check whether the inter-module RF
jumpers are normal, and whether water infiltrates into the connectors.
2.2.4 Module Fault
I. Fault Description
ODU3601C has four modules: MAPM, MTRM, MFEM and MPAM. Module faults
include:
Alarm module fault;
Fault of the upper-level board or module of the alarm module;
Poor contact of the module and slot;
Backplane fault.
II. Troubleshooting
Eliminate MAPM Fault
Follow the handling process below. Go to next step if the problem cannot be solved
with the current one:
1)
When the external power supply fault is eliminated, MAPM input becomes
abnormal.
2)
Reset this MAPM.
3)
Replace the MAPM.
Eliminate MTRM Fault
Follow the handling process below. Go to next step if the problem cannot be solved
with the current one:
1)
If the problem is caused by the external interference, nothing needs to be done
to the BTS, but try to reduce the external interference.
2)
Check whether MTRM is in poor contact with the slot;
3)
Eliminate antenna feeder system fault.
4)
Eliminate the corresponding upper-level BTS fault.
5)
Eliminate the fiber fault between BTS and the upper-level BTS.
6)
Reset this MTRM.
7)
Replace this BTRM.
Eliminate Fault of Other Module
Check whether poor contact exists between other modules and slots. Replace MFEM
and MPAM directly if it is faulty.
2-7
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 3 Part Replacement
Chapter 3 Part Replacement
3.1 General Replacement Procedure
3.1.1 Note
I. Influence on service
Upon replacement of ODU3601C parts, please monitor the influence this replacement
brings to the BTS service (including the cascaded ODU3601C).
II. Alarm query
Prior to replacement, query the alarms from the remote maintenance console and
make a record. After replacement, query the alarms again and check whether the
corresponding alarm is cleared and whether a recovery alarm is generated.
III. Version check
Prior to replacement, please confirm the version of the new module, and make a
record. After MTRM is replaced, please query the software version to check whether
the version is correct.
IV. Tools required
A Phillips screwdriver and a socket spanner matching M4 bolts.
V. Anti-static requirement
Modules are sensitive to electrostatic. Therefore, your operation must be in strict
compliance with the procedures: Wear anti-static gloves or wrist strap and make sure
the part is properly grounded so as to avoid preventable damages to the module. .
3.1.2 Module Removal
I. Remove plastic shell
Unlock the anti-burglary lock on the cabinet bottom, screw off the two fixing bolts on
the sides of the shell and then remove the shell.
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User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 3 Part Replacement
II. Switch off power
Switch off the power of MAPM. To replace MAPM, please switch off the external
power first.
III. Remove wire on the module bottom
Remove the water-resistant tape and the wire on the module bottom. Make sure not
to damage the fiber or the fiber connector.
IV. Remove bolts on module top and those on module bottom
V. Remove module
Remove the module along the slot, put it into an antistatic bag, then into a
damp-proof bag. Finally, put the wrapped module into a packing box with foam
cushion.
MPAM is equipped with a set of thermal tube and heavy. Upon replacement, make
sure to keep the module undamaged.
3.1.3 Module Installation
I. Check module
Prior to module installation, take out the module from the packing box, remove the
anti-static bag and damp-proof bag, and then check whether the module is damaged.
II. Check board nameplate
Locate the slot for the board from the nameplate.
III. Insert module
Push the module along the slot with both hands until you feel the module engage the
backplane connector. Make sure that the panel and subrack surface are on the same
surface.
IV. Tighten bolts on module top and those on module bottom
V. Connect cables on module bottom
Please refer to the installation manual for details. Make sure to keep the module
away from water.
3-2
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 3 Part Replacement
VI. Switch on
Resume the power supply after replacement and check the relevant indicator (after
opening the cover of the maintenance window) to judge whether the module is
running normally.
If MAPM is replaced, switch on the external power first.
3.1.4 Replacement Completed
After replacement, check the result in the following three aspects:
Check whether the relevant indicator status is normal. Please refer to Chapter 4
Module Maintenance Window.
Check from the remote maintenance console of OMC whether the corresponding
alarm has disappeared and whether any recovery alarm has been generated at
the same time.
Make calls with MS on the site to check whether the BTS is working normally.
3.2 Part Replacement
3.2.1 Module Replacement
This section contains the items for special attention during module replacement
based on the Section 3.1 General Replacement Procedure
I. Replace MAPM.
Prior to replacement, switch off the 220V AC power.
If batteries are connected on the +24V battery interface of MAPM, disconnected the
batteries (Make sure to avoid short circuit) and avoid short circuit to the power supply
II. Replace MTRM
After replacement, query the module version through the local maintenance console
or the OMC maintenance console so as to check whether the version is correct.
III. Replace MFEM
MFEM is connected with MTRM, MPAM and the antenna feeder system through RF
cable. After replacement, make sure to resume the connections, otherwise the RF
index will be affected.
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User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Chapter 3 Part Replacement
IV. Replace MPAM
MPAM is equipped with a set of thermal tube and thus heavy. Upon replacement,
make sure to keep the module undamaged.
3.2.2 Optical Fiber Replacement
I. Check optical fiber
Prior to replacement, carefully check the new fiber.
Make clear marks for fiber correspondence to avoid any mis-operation.
Note:
The MTRM module of ODU3601C has two external optical interfaces, one used for connection with the
cascaded ODU3601C while the other for connection with the upper-level BTS (If the upper-level BTS is
BTS3612, it is connected with BRDM; If the upper-level BTS is BTS3601C or ODU3601C, it is
connected with the corresponding MTRM).
II. Insert/remove fiber connector
This operation should be conducted very carefully. Make sure to avoid breaking the
internal cores of the fiber connector.
Before inserting the connector, align the fiber connector (of MTRM) with the fiber
interface and align its spacing arm with the fixing slot of the interface. Then carefully
plug the connector into the fiber interface until you feel the connector well engage the
interface. This indicates that the connector has been plugged in position. Then turn
the spacing arm into the corresponding fixing slot and tighten the nut. Now the fiber
connector is installed.
Prior to fiber replacement, make clear marks for fiber connection relation so that the
proper fibers are plugged in.
III. Excessive optical fiber
Put the excessive optical fibers into bellow and store them in the specified place.
3-4
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window
For the water-proof purpose, each module maintenance window is installed with a
seal cover. Indicators and interfaces inside are invisible unless this cover is opened.
A.1 MTRM
I. Indicators in the maintenance window
Table A-1 Indicators in the maintenance window of MTRM
Color
Indicator
Meaning
RUN
Green
Status
indicator
ALM
Red
Alarm
indicator
ACT
Green
Operation
indicator
Description
Fast flash (4Hz): MTRM is started or
software downloading is in progress
Slow flash (0.5Hz): BTRM is working
normally.
Other: Board error
Fast flash (4Hz): Critical alarm
Slow flash (0.5Hz): Major alarm
Slow flash (0.25Hz): Minor alarm
Off: No alarm
On: BTRM is working normally and
the clock is locked.
Slow flash (0.25Hz): Alarm on monitor
link
Slow flash (0. 5Hz): The clock has not
been locked yet or can not be locked.
II. Interfaces in the maintenance window
Table A-2 Interfaces in the maintenance window
Interface
10M
COM
RST
TRX_ID
PP2S
HPA_TEST
LOAD
Function
10MHz signal interface
Serial communication interfac e for internal test
Reset button
An 4-digit DIP switch
2-second signal interface
Test button used for forward local RF transmission
Jumper used for internal test
A-1
Normal status
Slow flash (0.5Hz)
Off
On
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window
Table A-3 TRX_ID DIP switch
DIP switch No.
This bit is invalid,
and the default
status is off
ON (0)
ON (0)
ON (0)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
OFF (1)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
OFF (1)
ON (0)
MTRM No.
Note:
When the ODU3601C is cascaded to the BTS3601C, the. MTRM No. of ODU3601C of level 1 is 1, and
the. MTRM No. of ODU3601C of level 2 is 2, and the rest may be deduced by analogy.
When the ODU3601C is cascaded to the cBTS3612, the. MTRM No. of ODU3601C of level 1 is 0, and
the. MTRM No. of ODU3601C of level 2 is 1, and the rest may be deduced by analogy.
A.2 MPAM
No maintenance window installed.
A.3 MFEM
No indicators are installed for MFEM. The interfaces in the window are described in
the following table.
Table A-4 Interfaces in the maintenance window of MFEM
Interface
TX_TST
RXM_TST
RXD_TST
Function
Used for coupling test of output power ( degree of coupling: -30±1dB)
Used for coupling test of main received signals
Used for coupling test of diversity received signals
A.4 MAPM
The maintenance window of MAPM is shown in Figure A-1.
A-2
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix A Module Maintenance Window
Fixing hole
INPUT
MCU
FAIL
DRU0
OUTPUT
DRU1
Fixing hole
Fixing hole
ON
OFF
Fixing hole
Figure A-1 Maintenance window of MAPM
The indicators in the maintenance window are described in the following table.
Table A-5 Indicators of MAPM
Color
Indicator
INPUT
Green
FAIL
Red
OUTPUT
Green
MCU
DRU0
DRU1
Green
Green
Green
Meaning
Power
input
Module
alarm
Power
output
Description
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal
On: Alarm
Off: Normal
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal
Normal Status
On
Off
On
These three indicators are reserved in ODU3601C.
A-3
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix B Return Loss, VSWR and Reflection Coefficient
Appendix B Return Loss, VSWR and Reflection
Coefficient
Return loss (dB)
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
(VSWR)
Reflection coefficient Γ
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
4.41943
3.56977
3.00952
2.61457
2.32285
2.09988
1.92495
1.78489
1.6709
1.57689
1.49852
1.43258
1.37668
1.32898
1.28805
1.25276
1.22222
1.19569
1.17257
1.15238
1.13469
1.11917
1.10553
1.09351
1.08292
1.07357
1.06531
1.058
1.05153
1.0458
1.04072
1.03621
1.03221
1.02866
1.0255
1.0227
1.0202
1.01799
1.01601
1.01426
1.0127
1.01131
1.01007
1.00897
1.00799
1.00712
1.00634
0.63096
0.56234
0.50119
0.44668
0.39811
0.35481
0.31623
0.28184
0.25119
0.22387
0.19953
0.17783
0.15849
0.14125
0.12589
0.1122
0.1
0.08913
0.07943
0.07079
0.0631
0.05623
0.05012
0.04467
0.03981
0.03548
0.03162
0.02818
0.02512
0.02239
0.01995
0.01778
0.01585
0.01413
0.01259
0.01122
0.01
0.00891
0.00794
0.00708
0.00631
0.00562
0.00501
0.00447
0.00398
0.00355
0.00316
B-1
User Manual
iSiteC ODU3601C CDMA Soft Base Station
BTS Maintenance
Appendix B Return Loss, VSWR and Reflection Coefficient
The calculation formulas for reflection coefficient Γ, return Loss (RL), and VSWR are
displayed in the following table:
VSWR
Reflection coefficient Γ
Γ=
Γ=
Γ=
Ureflected
Uforward
Uforward+Ureflected
VSWR=
alg ( RL )
20
VSWR−1
VSWR+1
Return loss (dB)
Uforward Ureflected
VSWR=
VSWR =
1+Γ
1−Γ
RL= 20lg
Ureflected
RL= 20lg
Γ
RL= 20lg
VSWR+1
VSWR−1
alg ( RL )+ 1
20
alg ( RL )− 1
20
Uforward
In the above formulas, Uforward stands for forward voltage and Urelected for reverse
voltage.
B-2

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