IPICO Australia 3271-1 High Performance UHF fixed reader User Manual Exhibit 8 UHF RFID Reader 109

IPICO Australia High Performance UHF fixed reader Exhibit 8 UHF RFID Reader 109

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1. Exhibit 8
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Exhibit 8

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 1 OF 27 Exhibit 8: User Manual High Performance UHF fixed reader

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 2 OF 27 FCC ID: VHY3271-1 FCC ID: VHY3271-2 FCC ID: VHY3271-3 Version 1.09 August 2008 UHF High performance RFID Reader User Manual

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 3 OF 27 Please read instructions before operating this devise. Warranty is void if you open or tamper with this device. Explosive atmospheres User shall switch off this unit and obey all safety requirements in these areas. This unit may only be operated if the area is declared safe by a safety official. Hazardous areas typically include fuelling areas, below decks on boats, fuel or chemical transfer/storage points, blasting locations and areas where air contains chemicals or particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders. FCC ID: VHY3271-1, 902.5-908.8 band FCC ID: VHY3271-2, 915.3-921.6 band FCC ID: VHY3271-3, 921.2-927.5 band FCC DECLARATION (USA) FCC Section 15.19 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference. 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Information to User (FCC section 15.105) This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the installation manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case you will be required to correct the interference at your own expense. Information to User (FCC section 15.21) The user is cautioned that any changes or modifications not expressly approved by IPICO or authorized representative could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. IMPORTANT SAFETY · Avoid any extended human RF exposure directly in front of the UHF Reader, up to a distance of 30 cm, when unit is switched on. · Only authorised personnel may open the unit due to risk of electrical shock. Warranty and certification is void if opened by unauthorised person. NOTICE All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission from IPICO Inc. IPICO Inc. shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this document, hardware and/or software. All information in this document including the design and specification are subject to change without notice for the purpose of product improvement. For further information contact +27 12 345-9520. APPROVALS FCC Part 15 Class A EN 300-220-1, 300-220-3, ETS 300-683 and EN 6100-3-2& 3 (CE) : Pending IEC 60950 (CE): Pending UL 60950/CAN/CSA22.2 No. 60950 : Pending

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 4 OF 27 Table of Contents Figures .............................................................................................................................................................5 Tables...............................................................................................................................................................5 History..............................................................................................................................................................5 Glossary...........................................................................................................................................................6 1. Supplied goods and accessories........................................................................................................7 2. Cable Connections ..............................................................................................................................8 3. Front panel Indicator..........................................................................................................................11 4. Operations overview ..........................................................................................................................12 5. Reader overview ................................................................................................................................12 6. Installation and Set-up .......................................................................................................................13 8. Application notes ...............................................................................................................................16 9. Troubleshoot .......................................................................................................................................20 10. Maintenance ......................................................................................................................................20 11. Technical specification......................................................................................................................21 12. Support................................................................................................................................................22 13. Technical Assistance..........................................................................................................................22 14. Appendix 1: MOXA Ethernet converter Configuration file...............................................................24 15. Appendix 2: Typical EVI setup: Overhead and Road side...............................................................25

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 6 OF 27 GLOSSARY dB Decibels dBd Antenna gain in dB relative to dipole antenna dBi Antenna gain in dB relative to isotropic antenna dBil Antenna gain in dB relative to linearly polarized isotropic antenna EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (measured in dBi or dBil) ERP Effective Radiated Power (referred to a dipole) (measured in dBd) EVI Electronic Vehicle Identification I and Q Quadrature RF signals (90 deg out of phase) RFID Radio Frequency Identification RFU Radio Frequency Unit CW Continuous Wave

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 7 OF 27 Reader front view Rear view of Reader Note the included pole mounting brackets. TOP: Data communication cable (shipped with 6m cord) BOTTOM: Power cable (shipped with 6m cord) Please consult your local dealer for different cable assemblies User Manual and Demo software are available on WWW.IPICO.COM User Manual NOTE: Please refer to the technical specification or contact your local dealer on the different reader configurations available. 1. Supplied goods and accessories Figure 1 Supplied goods and accessories

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 8 OF 27 2. Cable Connections To PC 9p Female D type Pin 1 Nc 2 Receive Data 3 Transmit Data 4 Nc 5 Signal Ground 6 Nc 7 RTS 8 CTS 9 Nc P1 DATA (12P Female) Pin A Nc B Receive Data C Transmit Data D Nc E Signal Ground F CTS G RTS H Nc J Nc K Nc L Nc M Nc P2 POWER (3P Female) Pin 1 Live 2 Neutral 3 Earth Brown Blue Green/Yellow Connect to AC power source (AC 90-264V ~ 1.4A 50-60Hz) Note Chassis internally connected to Earth Figure 2 RS 232 (Default) and Mains Power Connection To PC 9p Female D type Pin 1 Nc 2 Receive Data 3 Transmit Data 4 Nc 5 Signal Ground 6 Nc 7 RTS 8 CTS 9 Nc P1 DATA (12P Female) Pin A Nc B Receive Data C Transmit Data D Nc E Signal Ground F CTS G RTS H Nc J Nc K Nc L Nc M Nc P2 POWER (3P Female) Pin 1 Nc 2 +12V 3 GND Brown Blue Connect to DC power source (11.7-12.3VDC 2.5A) Note Chassis internally connected to GND Figure 3 RS 232 (Default) and DC 12V Power Connection

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 9 OF 27 Figure 4 RS 232 to RS 485 Converter connection (optional) Note: The RS 232 to RS485 converter is used to increase the distance between the reader and the host controller (typically a PC). Distances between the reader and host can be up to 1.2 km with baud rates not exceeding 100kbps. In case the host is not equipped with a 25Pin (male) secondary serial port, a 25 to 9 pin adapter must also be used to connect to the host. This connection allows for full-duplex, point-to-point communication only. The converters supplied by IPICO are optically isolated. The optically isolated converter, at the PC, must be powered from an external power supply (included). The readers do not support a RS 485 multi-drop protocol due to the amount of data throughput. Up to 4 readers can be clustered and connected via RS232 to a iP-DIMI-SA-4 controller that support a wired and wireless (optional) Ethernet connection. The iP-DIMI-SA-4 also supports 4 isolated inputs and 4 potential free N/O outputs. Readers may also interface to the outside world via RS232/Ethernet converters. This allows the readers to communicate to an iP-DIMI-SA-8 or iP-DIMI-SA-32 via hubs for intelligent local control/buffering as well as clustering/zoning of readers. Other medium and protocol converters are available on request. They include but are not limited to 802.11b Wireless LAN, Wiegand, Lonworks™, RS232-to-fiber optic etc. In the latter case, the DATA connection will be two ST-ST bulkhead connectors for multimode fibers. Please refer to IPICO support for more information regarding these options. P1 DATA (12P Female) Pin A Transmit + B Transmit - C Receive - D Receive + E Nc F Nc G Nc H Nc J Nc K Nc L Nc M Nc SCREW TERMINALS Pin 4 Receive + 3 Receive - 2 Transmit - To PC com port via 25P Female 1 Transmit + Refer to Figure 2 or 3 for Power connection Isolated Converter powered by an external PSU Green Yellow Blue Red

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 10 OF 27 Figure 5 Ethernet connection (optional) RJ45 (Wiring according T568A) 1 Green/White Transmit + 2 Green Transmit - 3 Orange/White Receive + 4 Blue NC 5 Blue/Wht NC 6 Orange Receive - 7 Brown/wht NC 8 Brown NC P1 DATA (12P Female) Pin A Transmit + B Transmit - C Receive + D Receive - E Nc F Nc G Nc H Nc J Nc K Nc L Nc M Nc Refer to Figure 2 or 3 for Power connection

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 11 OF 27 3. Front panel Indicator Figure 6 Reader status indicator A tri-colour LED will indicate the following reader status to the operator · Steady RED light indicates Power ON but no processor/communication activity. · Slow GREEN Flash at 1/6Hz indicates Internal processor working. · Fast GREEN Flash at 1/2Hz indicates communication activity between reader and controller/PC. · Random GREEN fast Flash indicates that a valid Tag ID is decoded.

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 12 OF 27 TX Circular Patch Antenna RX Circular Patch Antenna RF Unit and Decoder Status Indicator and internal interface board Build-in PSU (Optional) 12 Pin Circular Connector Data port P1 Protocol / Medium converter 3 Pin Circular Connector Power port P2 1GHz Low Pass Filter 13dBm Attenuator 4. Operations overview The IPICO reader is designed as a read/write (RW) reader. The reader modulates READ commands to the tags in order to interrogate the tag. Depending on the application new DATA can be updated on the tag using a modulated WRITE command. Read commands will typically be 5ms in duration with a response from the tag in 300us for 64bits. A WRITE command will typically be longer and will average around 35ms. During a read event, the reader will energise a tag(s) (can be a few milliseconds i.e 7ms), followed by modulating a READ command in order to ‘get’ DATA from the tag. The reader decode the incoming signal and place a time/date stamp on it, whilst buffering the data temporarily until such time it can be send, on the communication port, to the host. If multiple DATA pages are received from the same tag before the packet is send to the host, a hit counter is increased. This hit count is included in the communication packet to the host. The RF unit does a full quadrature down conversion, and both in-phase and quadrature phase signal (I and Q) are decoded. 5. Reader overview Figure 7 UHF Integrated Reader Overview RS 232

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 13 OF 27 6. Installation and Set-up Note: The following set-up is for demonstration purpose only. Installation and applications will be site dependant. 1. Install ShowTags on the controlling PC running on Windowsä 95,98 NT or 2000. It consists of a single .EXE file, which can be copied from the supplied 3.5” disk to any directory on the controlling PC and run from that directory. From time to time updates are available on the Web at http://www.IPICO.com 2. Start ShowTags. Check the serial port settings. The readers’ serial port factory setting is 9600bps, no flow control, no parity, but it will remember the last setting used. The default setting for ShowTags is the same, but the setting can be changed and saved. 3. Mount the reader on an overhead structure facing downwards (height depending on reader range and tagged object size) or vertically on a pole to such height that the horizontal centreline of the reader is inline with the tags on the objects. 4. Connect the RS 232 serial cable (default option) from the reader to a serial port on the controlling PC. Refer to Figure 4 for RS 485/422 connection. 5. Connect the Power cable from the reader to the correct power source. Remember there are two Input power supply options – Mains AC or external DC 12V – Refer to Figure 2.or Figure 3 for the correct wiring diagram. 6. Apply power to the RF unit. Refer to the technical specification regarding the Input voltage requirements for the reader. 7. Present tags into the reader beam. 8. Use ShowTags as a debugging tool to view the tag reading results and to evaluate the different reader commands. 9. The User’s application software can now be implemented. 10. Standard HP readers must be mounted in a Vertical orientation to comply with an IP 65 rating.

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 14 OF 27 6.1 Quick start (Ethernet communication) Connect the Ethernet cable to J20 on the Registration Reader and proceed as follows: Note: The default factory settings are IP = 192.168.1.31 port 6543 In case the user wants to change IP/port settings of the reader, edit the file in Appendix 1 and upload the file to the reader by doing the following procedure: a. Open the Moxa SDK tool. (Download from support at www.IPICO.com) b. Do a broadcast search and select the reader that is found c. Right click on selected reader and go to “Import Configuration”

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 15 OF 27 d. Click on OK and wait for the upload to finish. e. Default values in the .txt file are uploaded. Click on OK, accept the changes made and Exit the configuration tool.

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 16 OF 27 8. Application notes 1. Some of the IPICO tag antenna formats are dipoles. Like dipoles, they have nulls end-on. 2. Tags should always be orientated in a plane orthogonal to the direction to the reader. 3. Reading speed depends on the tag version used. Please consult IPICO’s support team or your local dealer regarding these specifications. 4. Up to 30 tags can be read per second. This depends however on the total number of tags present in the reader beam at the same time The reading speed will reduce when more than 30 tags are present simultaneously. 5. V3 tags are recommended when a small numbers of fast moving tags are scanned (< 30 tags @ > 15 m/s). When a large numbers of tags must be scanned simultaneously, it is recommended to use V5 tags (> 120 tags @ < 3 m/s). Please consult your local dealer regarding these options. 6. Read ranges in excess of 20 m are achievable at 30 W EIRP (USA site licensed). At 4 W EIRP (USA unlicensed) the read range is about 8 m and at 500 mW, ERP (Europe) the read range is about 3 m. 7. Readers operating in small confined spaces can “jam” themselves due to unwanted reflections. Two readers operating simultaneously in close proximity from each other may also influence each other. Please consult IPICO’s support team or your local dealer regarding possible multiplexing/screening strategies. 8. The standard dipole tags must be mounted at least 18 mm away from a metallic or conductive surface, fluids and human bodies. Refer to IPICO’s range of packaged tags in order to plan an application. 9. Reflections from nearby conducting surfaces and multi-path propagation in particular can lead to nulls in the reader field. 10. Readers can be ordered with different data interfaces. Standard is RS232. Optional are Ethernet, Isolated Wiegand, Isolated RS485. Please consult your local dealer regarding such a configuration. 11. Please take note that EVI readers are fitted with 2 Linear polarised antennas and must be mounted correctly, namely horizontally. An arrow on the data plate shows the UP orientation. Note that there are 3 drainage holes on the bottom edge of the dome. Figure 8 EVI Reader Orientation Drain holes Antenna Polarisation This side UP

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 17 OF 27 Figure 9 EVI Reader Installation: Side read scenario Figure 10 EVI Reader Installation: Overhead read scenario Figure 11 EVI Reader Installation angle Overhead: 30° - 40° Roadside: 40° - 90° Note: Typical angle is also a function of height above ground and is site dependant. Surrounding structures may cause unwanted reflections or extended read capabilities. The installer needs to test and re-adjust for best performance.

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 18 OF 27 Figure 12 Example of multiple EVI reader installation for Free flow tolling/spotting Note: nfreqR= Reader frequency allocations (these are country and site dependable) Fixed Frequency Frequency Hopping Free flow overhead EVI readers with Std decoders MHzRR freqfreq 621 ³- MHzRR seqhopFreqseqhopFreq 6) )2(1( ³- Free flow overhead EVI readers with DSP decoders MHzRR freqfreq 121 ³- MHzRR seqhopFreqseqhopFreq 1) )2(1( ³- Non Free flow I.e Side readers at Toll booths with Std decoders or dense reader applications MHzRR freqfreq 621 ³- MHzRR seqhopFreqseqhopFreq 6) )2(1( ³- Non Free flow eg. Side readers at Toll booths with DSP decoders 21 freqfreq RR = Or MHzRR freqfreq 121 ³- MHzRR seqhopFreqseqhopFreq 1) )2(1( ³- Table 1 Frequency selection guide 1freqR 2freqR 1freqR 2freqR

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 19 OF 27 Figure 13 Examples of sunshades for harsh environments Figure 14 Typical ENP tag location and orientation

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 20 OF 27 9. Troubleshoot Visual indicator guide · Steady RED light indicates Power ON but no processor/communication activity. · Slow GREEN Flash at 1/6Hz indicates Internal processor working. · Fast GREEN Flash at 1/2Hz indicates communication activity between PC and reader. The fast heartbeat will only start, once a command has been received by the reader. · A random GREEN fast Flash indicates a valid Tag ID. Table 2 Troubleshoot guide 10. Maintenance This is a low maintenance device. The user must make sure that the reader dome is kept clean and dry where possible. Any build-up of foreign substances, water or snow will degrade the performance of the unit. Symptom Possible causes Power cord not connected or faulty Power source faulty Indicator board faulty Red LED Off Reader faulty Indicator board faulty Heartbeat of decoder stopped Steady Red Led with no tags in beam Reader faulty Communication Cable not connected or faulty wiring. Application software not running Slow Amber flash with no communication possible between PC and reader Baud rate incorrect Transmitter not switched ON (Refer to reader protocol document). Faulty Tag Tag not orientated correctly. (Refer to par 9) Cannot read a Tag although PC communicates with reader (fast heartbeat) Faulty Reader front end High levels of ambient RF noise operating in the same frequency spectrum as reader. Random AMBER fast Flash with no Tag in the beam Faulty Reader

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 21 OF 27 11. Technical specification Power supply requirement Mains input type: 90 - 264 VAC @ ~1.4A, 50/60 Hz Low voltage input type: 11.7 – 12.3 VDC @ 2.5 A max (typ 600mA for500mW reader) (12V device is only reversed polarity protected up to 20Vmax. Provision must be made for additional surge protection and regulated power) Transmitter power USA unlicensed: 4 W EIRP (Licensed up to 30W EIRP) European unlicensed: 500 mW ERP South Africa: 4 W EIRP Operating frequency USA unlicensed: Frequency hopping in the 902-928 MHz ISM band i. VHY3271-1, Low band : 902.5-908.8 MHz, 64ch, 100 kHz channel spacing ii. VHY3271-2, Mid band : 915.3-921.6 MHz, 64ch, 100 kHz channel spacing iii. VHY3271-3, High band: 921.2-927.5 MHz, 64ch, 100 kHz channel spacing European unlicensed: Fixed frequency in the 869.4-869.65 MHz band South Africa: Fixed frequency at 915.3 MHz Antenna type Standard HP reader = Internal 8dBiC (circularly polarized) / (5 dBi linier) EVI reader = Internal 8dBil (linear polarized) Read range Typical read ranges that depends on reader placement and tags used. USA unlicensed: 6 – 8+ m European unlicensed: 1 – 3+ m South Africa: 6 – 8+ m Communication Binary or ASCII RS232 with programmable baud rate and flow control EVI is standard Ethernet enabled Optional: Isolated RS485/RS422, Ethernet, WLAN 802.11b, Fiber optical. Data storage Standard: Internal circular FIFO spool buffer for 64 tags. This data is transmitted to the PC as soon as the communication port is available. Optional: Embedded controller for local database and data manipulation (iP-DIMI-SA-4, 8 0r 32) Electrical interface 12 Pin (P1) circular connecter for DATA (Evaluation kits supplied with 6m cable with 9p D type connector on other side) 3 Pin (P2) circular connecter for POWER (Evaluation kits supplied with 6m cable with no connector on other side) Environmental Operating temperature range: -10 to +60 Deg C Storage temperature range: -20 to +85 Deg C Humidity: 5 to 95 % non-condensing IP rating: IP 65 (see mounting details) UV protection: Yes Physical Dimension: 305 (W) x 805 (L) x 60 (H) mm (Height excludes the mounting brackets) Weight: Approx. 6.5 Kg unpacked Weight: Approx 10 Kg Packed for shipping Mounting Two pole mounting brackets. Pole diameter less than 60mm. Table 3 Technical Specifications

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 22 OF 27 12. Support Ordering information Description Model UHF High Performance reader IP 3271 Frequency Band US (-1, -2 or -3) Specify other Frequency Power Supply 12VDC Mains 90-264VAC 50/60Hz Communication interface RS 232 Ethernet Wiegand RS 485 Antenna type EVI (Std 4WEIRP) HP (Std 500mW ERP or 4WEIRP) NOTE: Please consult your local dealer for more information regarding the accessories, system design, frequency and RF power settings. 13. Technical Assistance IPICO online http://www.IPICO.com

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 23 OF 27 Group IPICO INC Ontario, Canada tel: +1 905 631 6310 fax: +1 905 631 6614 info.can@IPICO.com www.IPICO.com Operations South Africa Pretoria tel: +27 12 345 9520 fax: +27 12 345 5834 info.sa@IPICO.com Australasia Clontarf, Queensland tel:+61 7 3889 5799 fax: +61 7 3889 5980 info.aus@IPICO.com North Asia Shanghai, China tel: +86 21 5080 0345 fax: +86 21 5027 8271 info.cn@IPICO.com China Beijing, China tel: +86 10 8280 0541 fax: +86 21 8280 0546 info.cn@IPICO.com Europe Valence, France tel: +33 475 443 238 fax: +33 475 443 238 info.europe@IPICO.com USA Georgia, USA tel: +1 770 552 9654 fax: +1 404 601 9679 info.usa@IPICO.com

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 24 OF 27 14. Appendix 1: MOXA Ethernet converter Configuration file This is the content of the Moxa_config_file.txt [Network Enabler Configuration File] CheckCode=cfg1 [Basic Information (not changeable)] APID=0x80004100 HWID=0x4129 Serial No=162 MAC Address=00:90:E8:09:63:42 Firmware version=0x1040000 [Basic Settings] Server Name=NE4120S_1626 Time Zone=7200 Time Zone index=31 Date_Year=100 Date_Month=0 Date_Day=1 Time_Hour=2 Time_Minute=0 Time_Second=56 Time_wMilliseconds=0 Time Server= Console Enabled=3 [Network Settings] IP Address=192.168.1.31 Netmask=255.255.255.0 Gateway=192.168.1.1 IP Configuration=0 DNS Server 1=196.25.1.1 DNS Server 2= [SNMP] Enable SNMP=0 Community=public Location= Contact= Trap= [Mail] Mail Server=mail.IPICO.co.za Mail Server Login=1 User Name=jaco Password=jaconel From Address=NE4120S_162@NE4120S To Address1=jaco@IPICO.co.za To Address2= To Address3= To Address4= [Accessible IP List] Enabled=0 Rule1=0,, Rule2=0,, Rule3=0,, Rule4=0,, Rule5=0,, Rule6=0,, Rule7=0,, Rule8=0,, Rule9=0,, Rule10=0,, Rule11=0,, Rule12=0,, Rule13=0,, Rule14=0,, Rule15=0,, Rule16=0,, [Serial] Port1=9600,3,0,1,0, [Operating Mode] Port1=10 [Operating Mode Option 2] Port1=0,0x00,0x00,0 [Operating Mode Option 1] Port1=0,7,4,6543,966 [Auto Warning] Mail=0x1B Trap=0x0 [Port Auto Warning] Port0=0x03,0x00 [IP Address Report] Server= Port=4002 Period=10 [Password] Password=

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 25 OF 27 15. Appendix 2: Typical EVI setup: Overhead and Road side

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 26 OF 27

EXHIBIT 8 - UHF RFID READER USER MANUAL 109.DOC PAGE 27 OF 27 10°-30°

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