Ibm Novell 10 Sp1 Eal4 Users Manual

2015-02-02

• 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 Purpose of this document
  • 1.2 Document overview
  • 1.3 Conventions used in this document
  • 1.4 Terminology
• 2 System Overview
  • 2.1 Product history
    • 2.1.1 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
    • 2.1.2 eServer systems
  • 2.2 High-level product overview
    • 2.2.1 eServer host computer structure
    • 2.2.2 eServer system structure
    • 2.2.3 TOE services
    • 2.2.4 Security policy
    • 2.2.5 Operation and administration
    • 2.2.6 TSF interfaces
  • 2.3 Approach to TSF identification
• 3 Hardware architecture
  • 3.1 System x
    • 3.1.1 System x hardware overview
    • 3.1.2 System x hardware architecture
  • 3.2 System p
    • 3.2.1 System p hardware overview
    • 3.2.2 System p hardware architecture
  • 3.3 System z
    • 3.3.1 System z hardware overview
    • 3.3.2 System z hardware architecture
  • 3.4 eServer 326
    • 3.4.1 eServer 326 hardware overview
    • 3.4.2 eServer 326 hardware architecture
• 4 Software architecture
  • 4.1 Hardware and software privilege
    • 4.1.1 Hardware privilege
      • 4.1.1.1 Privilege level
    • 4.1.2 Software privilege
      • 4.1.2.1 DAC
        • 4.1.2.1.1 Subjects and objects
        • 4.1.2.1.2 Attributes
        • 4.1.2.1.3 Access control rules
        • 4.1.2.1.4 Software privilege
      • 4.1.2.2 AppArmor
      • 4.1.2.3 Programs with software privilege
  • 4.2 TOE Security Functions software structure
    • 4.2.1 Kernel TSF software
      • 4.2.1.1 Logical components
      • 4.2.1.2 Execution components
        • 4.2.1.2.1 Base kernel
        • 4.2.1.2.2 Kernel threads
        • 4.2.1.2.3 Kernel modules and device drivers
    • 4.2.2 Non-kernel TSF software
  • 4.3 TSF databases
  • 4.4 Definition of subsystems for the CC evaluation
    • 4.4.1 Hardware
    • 4.4.2 Firmware
    • 4.4.3 Kernel subsystems
    • 4.4.4 Trusted process subsystems
    • 4.4.5 User-level audit subsystem
• 5 Functional descriptions
  • 5.1 File and I/O management
    • 5.1.1 Virtual File System
      • 5.1.1.1 Pathname translation
      • 5.1.1.2 open()
      • 5.1.1.3 write()
      • 5.1.1.4 mount()
      • 5.1.1.5 Shared subtrees
    • 5.1.2 Disk-based file systems
      • 5.1.2.1 Ext3 file system
        • 5.1.2.1.1 Extended Attributes
          • 5.1.2.1.1.1 Access Control Lists
        • 5.1.2.1.2 Data structures
      • 5.1.2.2 ISO 9660 file system for CD-ROM
        • 5.1.2.2.1 Data structures and algorithms
    • 5.1.3 Pseudo file systems
      • 5.1.3.1 procfs
      • 5.1.3.2 tmpfs
      • 5.1.3.3 sysfs
      • 5.1.3.4 devpts
      • 5.1.3.5 rootfs
      • 5.1.3.6 binfmt_misc
      • 5.1.3.7 securityfs
      • 5.1.3.8 configfs
    • 5.1.4 inotify
    • 5.1.5 Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
      • 5.1.5.1 Permission bits
      • 5.1.5.2 Access Control Lists
        • 5.1.5.2.1 Types of ACL tags
        • 5.1.5.2.2 ACL qualifier
        • 5.1.5.2.3 ACL permissions
        • 5.1.5.2.4 Relationship to file permission bits
        • 5.1.5.2.5 ACL_MASK
        • 5.1.5.2.6 Default ACLs and ACL inheritance
        • 5.1.5.2.7 ACL representations and interfaces
        • 5.1.5.2.8 ACL enforcement
    • 5.1.6 Asynchronous I/O
    • 5.1.7 I/O scheduler
      • 5.1.7.1 Deadline I/O scheduler
      • 5.1.7.2 Anticipatory I/O scheduler
      • 5.1.7.3 Completely Fair Queuing scheduler
      • 5.1.7.4 Noop I/O scheduler
    • 5.1.8 I/O interrupts
      • 5.1.8.1 Top halves
      • 5.1.8.2 Bottom halves
      • 5.1.8.3 Softirqs
      • 5.1.8.4 Tasklets
      • 5.1.8.5 Work queue
    • 5.1.9 Processor interrupts
    • 5.1.10 Machine check
  • 5.2 Process control and management
    • 5.2.1 Data structures
    • 5.2.2 Process creation and destruction
      • 5.2.2.1 Control of child processes
      • 5.2.2.2 DAC controls
        • 5.2.2.2.1 setuid()and setgid()
        • 5.2.2.2.2 seteuid()and setegid()
        • 5.2.2.2.3 setreuid()and setregid()
        • 5.2.2.2.4 setresuid()and setresgid()
      • 5.2.2.3 execve()
      • 5.2.2.4 do_exit()
    • 5.2.3 Process switch
    • 5.2.4 Kernel threads
    • 5.2.5 Scheduling
    • 5.2.6 Kernel preemption
  • 5.3 Inter-process communication
    • 5.3.1 Pipes
      • 5.3.1.1 Data structures and algorithms
    • 5.3.2 First-In First-Out Named pipes
      • 5.3.2.1 FIFO creation
      • 5.3.2.2 FIFO open
    • 5.3.3 System V IPC
      • 5.3.3.1 Common data structures
      • 5.3.3.2 Common functions
        • 5.3.3.2.1 ipc_alloc()
        • 5.3.3.2.2 ipcperms()
      • 5.3.3.3 Message queues
        • 5.3.3.3.1 msg_queue
        • 5.3.3.3.2 msg_msg
        • 5.3.3.3.3 msgget()
        • 5.3.3.3.4 msgsnd()
        • 5.3.3.3.5 msgrcv()
        • 5.3.3.3.6 msgctl()
      • 5.3.3.4 Semaphores
        • 5.3.3.4.1 sem_array
        • 5.3.3.4.2 semget()
        • 5.3.3.4.3 semop()
        • 5.3.3.4.4 semctl()
      • 5.3.3.5 Shared memory regions
        • 5.3.3.5.1 shmid_kernel
        • 5.3.3.5.2 shmget()
        • 5.3.3.5.3 shmat()
        • 5.3.3.5.4 shmdt()
        • 5.3.3.5.5 shmctl()
    • 5.3.4 Signals
      • 5.3.4.1 Data structures
      • 5.3.4.2 Algorithms
    • 5.3.5 Sockets
  • 5.4 Network subsystem
    • 5.4.1 Overview of the network protocol stack
    • 5.4.2 Transport layer protocols
      • 5.4.2.1 TCP
      • 5.4.2.2 UDP
    • 5.4.3 Network layer protocols
      • 5.4.3.1 Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
      • 5.4.3.2 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
        • 5.4.3.2.1 Addressing
        • 5.4.3.2.2 IPv6 Header
        • 5.4.3.2.3 Flow Labels
        • 5.4.3.2.4 Security
      • 5.4.3.3 Transition between IPv4 and IPv6
      • 5.4.3.4 IP Security (IPsec)
        • 5.4.3.4.1 Functional Description of IPsec
          • 5.4.3.4.1.1 AH Protocol (AH)
          • 5.4.3.4.1.2 Encapsulating Security Payload Protocol (ESP)
          • 5.4.3.4.1.3 Security Associations
          • 5.4.3.4.1.4 Security Policy
          • 5.4.3.4.1.5 SA, SP, and Key Management
          • 5.4.3.4.1.6 Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE)
          • 5.4.3.4.1.7 Socket API
          • 5.4.3.4.1.8 Cryptographic subsystem
    • 5.4.4 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
      • 5.4.4.1 Link layer protocols
        • 5.4.4.1.1 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
    • 5.4.5 Network services interface
      • 5.4.5.1 socket()
      • 5.4.5.2 bind()
      • 5.4.5.3 listen()
      • 5.4.5.4 accept()
      • 5.4.5.5 connect()
      • 5.4.5.6 Generic calls
      • 5.4.5.7 Access control
  • 5.5 Memory management
    • 5.5.1 Four-Level Page Tables
    • 5.5.2 Memory addressing
      • 5.5.2.1 System x
        • 5.5.2.1.1 Segmentation
        • 5.5.2.1.2 Paging
          • 5.5.2.1.2.1 Paging in the SLES kernel
          • 5.5.2.1.2.2 Access control for control transfers through call gates
          • 5.5.2.1.2.3 Translation lookaside buffers
          • 5.5.2.1.2.4 Address translations in 64-bit mode
          • 5.5.2.1.2.5 Paging in EM64T
      • 5.5.2.2 System p
        • 5.5.2.2.1 Address Translation on LPARs
        • 5.5.2.2.2 Hypervisor
        • 5.5.2.2.3 Real mode addressing
        • 5.5.2.2.4 Virtual mode addressing
        • 5.5.2.2.5 Access to I/O address space
        • 5.5.2.2.6 Direct Memory Access addressing
        • 5.5.2.2.7 Run-Time Abstraction Services
        • 5.5.2.2.8 Preventing denial of service
      • 5.5.2.3 System p native mode
        • 5.5.2.3.1 Machine State Register
        • 5.5.2.3.2 Page descriptor
        • 5.5.2.3.3 Segment descriptor
        • 5.5.2.3.4 Block descriptor
        • 5.5.2.3.5 Address translation mechanisms
        • 5.5.2.3.6 Page Address Translation and access control
      • 5.5.2.4 System z
        • 5.5.2.4.1 Native hardware mode
        • 5.5.2.4.2 LPAR mode
        • 5.5.2.4.3 z/VM Guest mode
        • 5.5.2.4.4 Address types
        • 5.5.2.4.5 Address sizes
        • 5.5.2.4.6 Address spaces
        • 5.5.2.4.7 Address translations
          • 5.5.2.4.7.1 Dynamic address translation
          • 5.5.2.4.7.2 Prefixing
        • 5.5.2.4.8 Memory protection mechanisms
          • 5.5.2.4.8.1 Low-address protection
          • 5.5.2.4.8.2 Page table protection
          • 5.5.2.4.8.3 Key-controlled protection
      • 5.5.2.5 eServer 326
        • 5.5.2.5.1 Logical address
        • 5.5.2.5.2 Effective address
        • 5.5.2.5.3 Linear address
        • 5.5.2.5.4 Physical address
        • 5.5.2.5.5 Segmentation
          • 5.5.2.5.5.1 Access control for data access
          • 5.5.2.5.5.2 Access control for stack segments
          • 5.5.2.5.5.3 Access control for direct control transfer
          • 5.5.2.5.5.4 Access control for control transfers through call gates
          • 5.5.2.5.5.5 Access control through type check
        • 5.5.2.5.6 Paging
        • 5.5.2.5.7 Translation Lookaside Buffers
    • 5.5.3 Kernel memory management
      • 5.5.3.1 Support for NUMA servers
      • 5.5.3.2 Reverse map Virtual Memory
      • 5.5.3.3 Huge Translation Lookaside Buffers
      • 5.5.3.4 Remap_file_pages
      • 5.5.3.5 Page frame management
      • 5.5.3.6 Memory area management
      • 5.5.3.7 Noncontiguous memory area management
    • 5.5.4 Process address space
    • 5.5.5 Symmetric multiprocessing and synchronization
      • 5.5.5.1 Atomic operations
      • 5.5.5.2 Memory barriers
      • 5.5.5.3 Spin locks
      • 5.5.5.4 Kernel semaphores
  • 5.6 Audit subsystem
    • 5.6.1 Audit components
      • 5.6.1.1 Audit kernel components
        • 5.6.1.1.1 Kernel-userspace interface
        • 5.6.1.1.2 Syscall auditing
        • 5.6.1.1.3 Filesystem watches
        • 5.6.1.1.4 Task structure
        • 5.6.1.1.5 Audit context fields
      • 5.6.1.2 File system audit components
      • 5.6.1.3 User space audit components
    • 5.6.2 Audit operation and configuration options
      • 5.6.2.1 Configuration
      • 5.6.2.2 Operation
    • 5.6.3 Audit records
      • 5.6.3.1 Audit record generation
        • 5.6.3.1.1 Kernel record generation
        • 5.6.3.1.2 Syscall audit record generation
          • 5.6.3.1.2.1 System call interface intercept functions
        • 5.6.3.1.3 File system audit record generation
        • 5.6.3.1.4 Socket call and IPC audit record generation
        • 5.6.3.1.5 Record generation by trusted programs
      • 5.6.3.2 Audit record format
    • 5.6.4 Audit tools
      • 5.6.4.1 auditctl
      • 5.6.4.2 ausearch
    • 5.6.5 Login uid association
  • 5.7 Kernel modules
    • 5.7.1 Linux Security Module framework
    • 5.7.2 LSM capabilities module
    • 5.7.3 LSM AppArmor module
  • 5.8 AppArmor
    • 5.8.1 AppArmor administrative utilities
    • 5.8.2 AppArmor access control functions
    • 5.8.3 securityfs
  • 5.9 Device drivers
    • 5.9.1 I/O virtualization on System z
      • 5.9.1.1 Interpretive-execution facility
      • 5.9.1.2 State description
      • 5.9.1.3 Hardware virtualization and simulation
    • 5.9.2 Character device driver
    • 5.9.3 Block device driver
  • 5.10 System initialization
    • 5.10.1 init
    • 5.10.2 System x
      • 5.10.2.1 Boot methods
      • 5.10.2.2 Boot loader
      • 5.10.2.3 Boot process
    • 5.10.3 System p
      • 5.10.3.1 Boot methods
      • 5.10.3.2 Boot loader
      • 5.10.3.3 Boot process
    • 5.10.4 System p in LPAR
      • 5.10.4.1 Boot process
    • 5.10.5 System z
      • 5.10.5.1 Boot methods
      • 5.10.5.2 Control program
      • 5.10.5.3 Boot process
    • 5.10.6 eServer 326
      • 5.10.6.1 Boot methods
      • 5.10.6.2 Boot loader
      • 5.10.6.3 Boot process
  • 5.11 Identification and authentication
    • 5.11.1 Pluggable Authentication Module
      • 5.11.1.1 Overview
      • 5.11.1.2 Configuration terminology
      • 5.11.1.3 Modules
    • 5.11.2 Protected databases
      • 5.11.2.1 Access control rules
        • 5.11.2.1.1 DAC
        • 5.11.2.1.2 Software privilege
    • 5.11.3 Trusted commands and trusted processes
      • 5.11.3.1 agetty
      • 5.11.3.2 gpasswd
      • 5.11.3.3 login
      • 5.11.3.4 mingetty
      • 5.11.3.5 newgrp
      • 5.11.3.6 passwd
      • 5.11.3.7 su
    • 5.11.4 Interaction with audit
  • 5.12 Network applications
    • 5.12.1 OpenSSL Secure socket-layer interface
      • 5.12.1.1 Concepts
        • 5.12.1.1.1 Encryption
          • 5.12.1.1.1.1 Encryption with symmetric keys
          • 5.12.1.1.1.2 Encryption with asymmetric keys
        • 5.12.1.1.2 Message digest
        • 5.12.1.1.3 Message Authentication Code (MAC)
        • 5.12.1.1.4 Digital certificates and certificate authority
      • 5.12.1.2 SSL architecture
        • 5.12.1.2.1 SSL handshake protocol
      • 5.12.1.3 OpenSSL algorithms
      • 5.12.1.4 Symmetric ciphers
        • 5.12.1.4.1 Asymmetric ciphers
        • 5.12.1.4.2 Certificates
        • 5.12.1.4.3 Hash functions
    • 5.12.2 Secure Shell
      • 5.12.2.1 SSH client
      • 5.12.2.2 SSH server daemon
    • 5.12.3 Very Secure File Transfer Protocol daemon
    • 5.12.4 CUPS
      • 5.12.4.1 cupsd
      • 5.12.4.2 ping
      • 5.12.4.3 ping6
      • 5.12.4.4 openssl
      • 5.12.4.5 stunnel
      • 5.12.4.6 xinetd
  • 5.13 System management
    • 5.13.1 Account Management
      • 5.13.1.1 chage
      • 5.13.1.2 chfn
      • 5.13.1.3 chsh
    • 5.13.2 User management
      • 5.13.2.1 useradd
      • 5.13.2.2 usermod
      • 5.13.2.3 userdel
    • 5.13.3 Group management
      • 5.13.3.1 groupadd
      • 5.13.3.2 groupmod
      • 5.13.3.3 groupdel
    • 5.13.4 System Time management
      • 5.13.4.1 date
      • 5.13.4.2 hwclock
    • 5.13.5 Other System Management
      • 5.13.5.1 AMTU
        • 5.13.5.1.1 Memory
        • 5.13.5.1.2 Memory separation
        • 5.13.5.1.3 I/O controller and network
        • 5.13.5.1.4 I/O controller and disk
        • 5.13.5.1.5 Supervisor mode instructions
          • 5.13.5.1.5.1 System p
          • 5.13.5.1.5.2 System z
          • 5.13.5.1.5.3 System x
          • 5.13.5.1.5.4 eServer 326
        • 5.13.5.1.6 AMTU output
      • 5.13.5.2 star
    • 5.13.6 I&A support
      • 5.13.6.1 pam_tally
      • 5.13.6.2 unix_chkpwd
  • 5.14 Batch processing
    • 5.14.1 Batch processing user commands
      • 5.14.1.1 crontab
      • 5.14.1.2 at
    • 5.14.2 Batch processing daemons
      • 5.14.2.1 cron
      • 5.14.2.2 atd
  • 5.15 User-level audit subsystem
    • 5.15.1 Audit daemon
    • 5.15.2 Audit utilities
      • 5.15.2.1 aureport
      • 5.15.2.2 ausearch
      • 5.15.2.3 autrace
    • 5.15.3 Audit configuration files
    • 5.15.4 Audit logs
  • 5.16 Supporting functions
    • 5.16.1 TSF libraries
    • 5.16.2 Library linking mechanism
    • 5.16.3 System call linking mechanism
      • 5.16.3.1 System x
      • 5.16.3.2 System p
      • 5.16.3.3 System z
      • 5.16.3.4 eServer 326
    • 5.16.4 System call argument verification
• 6 Mapping the TOE summary specification to the High-Level Design
  • 6.1 Identification and authentication
    • 6.1.1 User identification and authentication data management (IA.1)
    • 6.1.2 Common authentication mechanism (IA.2)
    • 6.1.3 Interactive login and related mechanisms (IA.3)
    • 6.1.4 User identity changing (IA.4)
    • 6.1.5 Login processing (IA.5)
  • 6.2 Audit
    • 6.2.1 Audit configuration (AU.1)
    • 6.2.2 Audit processing (AU.2)
    • 6.2.3 Audit record format (AU.3)
    • 6.2.4 Audit post-processing (AU.4)
  • 6.3 Discretionary Access Control
    • 6.3.1 General DAC policy (DA.1)
    • 6.3.2 Permission bits (DA.2)
    • 6.3.3 ACLs (DA.3)
    • 6.3.4 DAC: IPC objects (DA.4)
  • 6.4 Object reuse
    • 6.4.1 Object reuse: file system objects (OR.1)
    • 6.4.2 Object reuse: IPC objects (OR.2)
    • 6.4.3 Object reuse: memory objects (OR.3)
  • 6.5 Security management
    • 6.5.1 Roles (SM.1)
    • 6.5.2 Access control configuration and management (SM.2)
    • 6.5.3 Management of user, group and authentication data (SM.3)
    • 6.5.4 Management of audit configuration (SM.4)
    • 6.5.5 Reliable time stamps (SM.5)
  • 6.6 Secure communications
    • 6.6.1 Secure protocols (SC.1)
  • 6.7 TSF protection
    • 6.7.1 TSF invocation guarantees (TP.1)
    • 6.7.2 Kernel (TP.2)
    • 6.7.3 Kernel modules (TP.3)
    • 6.7.4 Trusted processes (TP.4)
    • 6.7.5 TSF Databases (TP.5)
    • 6.7.6 Internal TOE protection mechanisms (TP.6)
    • 6.7.7 Testing the TOE protection mechanisms (TP.7)
  • 6.8 Security enforcing interfaces between subsystems
    • 6.8.1 Summary of kernel subsystem interfaces
      • 6.8.1.1 Kernel subsystem file and I/O
        • 6.8.1.1.1 External Interfaces
        • 6.8.1.1.2 Internal Interfaces
        • 6.8.1.1.4 Data Structures
      • 6.8.1.2 Kernel subsystem process control and management
        • 6.8.1.2.1 External interfaces (system calls)
        • 6.8.1.2.2 Internal Interfaces
        • 6.8.1.2.3 Data Structures
      • 6.8.1.3 Kernel subsystem inter-process communication
        • 6.8.1.3.1 External interfaces (system calls)
        • 6.8.1.3.2 Internal Interfaces
        • 6.8.1.3.3 Data Structures
      • 6.8.1.4 Kernel subsystem networking
        • 6.8.1.4.1 External interfaces (system calls)
        • 6.8.1.4.2 Internal interfaces
        • 6.8.1.4.3 Data Structures
      • 6.8.1.5 Kernel subsystem memory management
        • 6.8.1.5.1 External interfaces (system calls)
        • 6.8.1.5.2 Internal interfaces
        • 6.8.1.5.3 Data Structures
      • 6.8.1.6 Kernel subsystem audit
        • 6.8.1.6.1 External interfaces
        • 6.8.1.6.2 Internal interfaces
        • 6.8.1.6.3 Data structures
      • 6.8.1.7 Kernel subsystem device drivers
        • 6.8.1.7.1 External interfaces (system calls)
        • 6.8.1.7.2 Internal interfaces
          • 6.8.1.7.2.1 Character Devices
          • 6.8.1.7.2.2 Block Devices
        • 6.8.1.7.3 Data structures
      • 6.8.1.8 Kernel subsystems kernel modules
        • 6.8.1.8.1 External interfaces (system calls)
        • 6.8.1.8.2 Internal interfaces
        • 6.8.1.8.3 Data structures
    • 6.8.2 Summary of trusted processes interfaces
• 7 References