Infinet Wireless R5000-S InfiNet Wireless 5.8 GHz Wireless Router User Manual InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical

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Revision date: 24 April 2006

InfiNet Wireless R5000

Technical User Manual

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Table of contents

FCC REGULATORY NOTICE....................................................................................................V

INDUSTRY CANADA REGULATORY NOTICE.........................................................................VI

ANTENNA INSTALLATION AND OPERATION INFORMATION............................................VII

1. System Design................................................................................................................vii

2. Installation.....................................................................................................................vii

3. Maximum Permissible Exposure........................................................................................vii

I. GETTING STARTED..........................................................................................................3

1. Scope of document...........................................................................................................3

Getting started..............................................................................................................3

Hardware description......................................................................................................3

Installation procedure.....................................................................................................3

Device configuration procedure.......................................................................................3

Link configuring.............................................................................................................3

Services, features and tools.............................................................................................3

Recommendations..........................................................................................................3

Supplementary information.............................................................................................4

2. General products description..............................................................................................4

3. Abbreviations...................................................................................................................5

4. Document marks..............................................................................................................5

5. Warranty terms................................................................................................................5

6. Additional information.......................................................................................................6

II. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................7

1. Power supply unit (IDU)....................................................................................................7

Power supply unit exterior...............................................................................................7

2. R5000 series....................................................................................................................8

InfiNet Wireless R5000-O................................................................................................8

InfiNet Wireless R5000-S................................................................................................9

InfiNet Wireless R5000-L..............................................................................................10

III. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE.........................................................................................11

1. Installation preparations..................................................................................................11

Required components and accessories............................................................................11

Antenna placement......................................................................................................11

Antenna poles usage....................................................................................................12

Poles with Stretching....................................................................................................12

Wall Mounted Pole.......................................................................................................12

Antenna Poles Requirements.........................................................................................12

Grounding...................................................................................................................12

Antenna alignment.......................................................................................................13

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Precaution measures....................................................................................................14

Service cable soldering procedure..................................................................................14

Connectors hermetic sealing..........................................................................................17

Tools to be available at the installation site.....................................................................18

2. InfiNet Wireless R5000-L and InfiNet Wireless R5000-O......................................................19

Installation guidelines...................................................................................................19

Wall mounting.............................................................................................................20

3. InfiNet Wireless R5000-S.................................................................................................20

Installation guidelines...................................................................................................20

Wall mounting kit assembling........................................................................................21

Pole mounting kit assembling........................................................................................22

Low diameter pole mounting kit assembling....................................................................22

IV. DEVICE CONFIGURATION INSTRUCTIONS...................................................................23

1. Initial settings configuration procedure..............................................................................23

2. Router interfaces............................................................................................................23

3. Command line interface (CLI)...........................................................................................24

4. Lost password recovery...................................................................................................24

5. Configuration manipulations.............................................................................................24

Printing and saving your configuration............................................................................24

Import/export..............................................................................................................25

New firmware uploading...............................................................................................25

6. IP address formats..........................................................................................................26

7. Ethernet interface configuration........................................................................................26

8. Radio interface configuration............................................................................................26

9. Routed Multiple Access protocol configuration....................................................................28

Basic mechanisms........................................................................................................28

Base Station configuration............................................................................................29

CPE configuration.........................................................................................................30

Bitrate control..............................................................................................................31

Roaming.....................................................................................................................31

Polling........................................................................................................................32

Link Test & Control......................................................................................................33

RMA usage..................................................................................................................33

V. LINK CONFIGURING.....................................................................................................34

1. Preliminary decisions.......................................................................................................34

Speed selection...........................................................................................................34

Frequency planning for multi-sectored Base Stations........................................................35

Transmitting power selection.........................................................................................35

Fade margin calculator.................................................................................................35

Speed range calculator.................................................................................................36

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

2. Link diagnostic tools........................................................................................................36

Muffer........................................................................................................................36

RMA Test....................................................................................................................39

Load Meter..................................................................................................................40

Acquiring interfaces statistics.........................................................................................41

VI. SERVICES, FEATURES AND TOOLS................................................................................42

1. Network services............................................................................................................42

MAC filter....................................................................................................................42

NAT............................................................................................................................42

IP firewall...................................................................................................................42

QoS............................................................................................................................43

Tunneling....................................................................................................................43

Routing core................................................................................................................43

2. Utilities and services........................................................................................................43

Telnet.........................................................................................................................43

Ping...........................................................................................................................43

Access control lists.......................................................................................................43

3. Routing protocols............................................................................................................44

Static..........................................................................................................................44

RIP.............................................................................................................................44

4. Management features......................................................................................................44

HTTP..........................................................................................................................44

RSH............................................................................................................................44

SNMP.........................................................................................................................44

Console......................................................................................................................44

VII. GUI “INFINET WIRELESS ROUTER MANAGER”.......................................................45

1. Overall functionality overview...........................................................................................45

2. Application requirements.................................................................................................45

3. User guide.....................................................................................................................45

System settings...........................................................................................................46

Interfaces...................................................................................................................47

Base Station................................................................................................................49

CPE – Customer Premises Equipment)............................................................................50

Interfaces statistics......................................................................................................51

Routing/ARP tables......................................................................................................52

Graphs........................................................................................................................52

VIII. RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................54

1. Using InfiNet Devices for High Speeds (48, 54 Mbps)..........................................................54

2. Design of Multi-sectored Base Stations..............................................................................54

3. Asymmetrical System Design............................................................................................54

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

IX. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION.................................................................................55

1. Connectors soldering schemes..........................................................................................55

Service cable connector soldering scheme.......................................................................55

Console cable connector for 5000-M and 5000-O soldering scheme...................................56

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

FCC Regulatory Notice

A following notice is applicable to models R5000-L, R5000-O and

R5000-S which are configured to work in 5.8 GHz band

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) statement

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a

Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are

designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the

equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates,

uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in

accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio

communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to

cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the

interference at his own expense.

Properly shielded and grounded cables and connectors must be used in order to

meet FCC emission limits. InfiNet is not responsible for any radio or television

interference caused by using other than recommended cables and connectors or

by unauthorized changes or modifications to this equipment. Unauthorized

changes or modifications could void the user's authority to operate the

equipment.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the

following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and

(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that

may cause undesired operation.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Industry Canada Regulatory Notice

A following notice is applicable to models R5000-L, R5000-O and

R5000-S which are configured to work in 5.8 GHz band

Industry Canada compliance statement

This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian

Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.

This device complies with Industry Canada specification RSS-210. Operation is

subject to the following two conditions:

(1) this device may not cause interference, and

(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that

may cause undesired operation of the device.

Equipment (or its transmit antenna) that is installed outdoors is subject to

licensing.

The installer of this radio equipment must ensure that the antenna is located or

pointed such that it does not emit RF fields in excess of Health Canada limits for

the general population; consult Safety Code 6, obtainable from Health Canada’s

Web site: www.hc-sc.gc.ca/rpb.

Avis de conformité aux normes d’Industrie Canada

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du

Réglement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.

Cet appareil est conforme а la spécification RSS-210 d'Industry Canada. Son

fonctionnement est soumis aux deux conditions suivantes:

(1) cet appareil ne peut engendrer aucune interférence et

(2) il doit accepter toute interférence qu'il reзoit, y compris celles qui peuvent

altérer son fonctionnement.

L'équipement (ou son antenne émettrice) est soumis а l'obtention d'une licence

s'il est installé а l'extérieur.

L'installateur de cet équipement radio doit veiller а ce que l'antenne soit

implantйe et dirigée de maniиre а n'émettre aucun champ HF dépassant les

limites fixées pour l'ensemble de la population par Santé Canada. Reportez-vous

au Code de sécurité 6 que vous pouvez consulter sur le site Web de Santé

Canada: www.hc-sc.gc.ca/rpb

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Antenna installation and operation information

1. System Design

Infinet Wireless, wireless routers, can be operated in both point to point and

Point to Multipoint modes, depending on equipment and system configuration.

System designers must be aware that changes to operating power levels and

antenna selection are required depending on the mode of operation of this

equipment.

Devices used exclusively for Point to Point operation are allowed to use antenna

gains greater than 6dBi without reduction of the RF power. Point to Multi-Point

operation requires the reduction of RF Power below 1Watt by the number of dB

above 6dBi antenna gain

15.247(c)(1)(iii): The operator of the spread spectrum or digitally modulated

intentional radiator or, if the equipment is professionally installed, the installer is

responsible for ensuring that the system is used exclusively for fixed, point-to-

point operations. The instruction manual furnished with the intentional radiator

shall contain language in the installation instructions informing the operator and

the installer of this responsibility

2. Installation

External antennas for InfiNet wireless equipment must be professionally

installed, due to the hazards involved in installation of equipments on towers,

building exteriors, and rooftops. A professional installer is one who is a properly

trained person whose normal job function includes this type of work. Generally

speaking a professional installer will have credentials from Narte, various

equipment suppliers, or another recognized body.

3. Maximum Permissible Exposure

This equipment this phone has been tested and meets the FCC RF exposure

guidelines when used with the antennas indicated in Table 2 below.

Worst-case distance for MPE for this product, for any of the antennas listed, is

the separation shown in Table 1.

Table 2 – Antennas certified for use with InfiNet Wireless routers

Antenna Types Notes R5000-O R5000-L R5000-S

Directional MT-486001 (MTI) 5.15-5.975 GHz 28dBi Yes Yes N/A

Directional SP1.5 (Radio Waves) 5.725 - 5.850 25.7 dBi Yes Yes N/A

Directional DA58 (Pacific

Wireless) 5,725 – 5,850 29 dBi Yes Yes N/A

Sector MT-484032/NV (MTI) 5.15-5.875 GHz 17dBi Yes N/A N/A

Sector MT-484033/NH (MTI) 5.15-5.875 GHz

16.5dBi Yes N/A N/A

Sector SEC-5V-60-18 (Radio 5.725 - 5.850 18 dBi Yes N/A

Table 1 – Maximum Permissible Exposure Data

Model Minimum Distance (worst case antenna)

R-5000-O 1.97 Meters (197 cm)

R-5000-L 1.58 Meters (158 cm)

R-5000-S 0.502 Meters (50.2 cm)

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Waves)

Sector SEC-5V-90-17

(Radio Waves) 5.725 - 5.850 17.0 dBi Yes N/A N/A

Sector TA-5705H-14-90 (Til

Tek) 5725-5875 16.5 dBi Yes N/A N/A

Sector SAH58-90 (Pacific

Wireless) 5725-5875 17.0 dBi Yes N/A N/A

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

I. Getting Started

This Technical User Manual is a description of InfiNet Wireless Routers and

contains installation and configuration guidelines, recommendations and

troubleshooting sections, and supplementary materials. The document is

intended to be used by Qualified RF engineers/technicians and IT professionals.

Qualified personnel should have skills and experience in the following areas:

• Outdoor/indoor radio equipment installation

• Outdoor wireless networks

• TCP/IP networking protocols

• Safety procedures and instructions for installing antenna equipment

• Professional command of electrical equipment and accessories

• Safety procedures and instructions for working on towers and heights

1. Scope of document

This document consists of the following chapters:

Getting started

This chapter includes the information about this document purpose and structure.

Hardware description

This chapter shows the devices appearance and all plugs and connectors.

Installation procedure

The chapter describes the steps to be taken when installing the equipment at the

installation sites and installation site requirements.

Device configuration procedure

This chapter includes basic recommendations for primary link configuration,

including interfaces configuration and RMA protocol usage. Also there is a

description of how to perform basic manipulations with device’s configuration

including its updating, importing and exporting.

Link configuring

The chapter contains basic recommendations for making preliminary choices and

decisions while planning and deploying a wireless network based on InfiNet

Wireless Routers. It also describes a set of tools that can help while improving

the link quality and statistics gathering.

Services, features and tools

This chapter describes router’s built-in services, features and tools which were

not described in previous parts of the document

Recommendations

The chapter contains different recommendations for some particular cases of

InfiNet Wireless Routers usage including building high-speed autonomous links

and multi-sectored base station design.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Supplementary information

Contains supplementary information (specifications, connectors soldering

schemes and InfiNet Wireless Routers product matrix).

2. General products description

InfiNet Wireless FBWA products offer scalable, robust, flexible and cost-effective

fixed broadband wireless access solutions for carrier-class networks. Wireless

routing equipment from InfiNet Wireless is designed to implement and expand

carrier-class networks for high-speed Internet access, enterprise campus

networks, primary links for the Last Mile and backhauling traffic between cell

towers and multiple access points.

InfiNet Wireless Routers are especially applicable to regions with complex wired

infrastructures where infrastructure upgrades require costly or time-consuming

activities. Many deployments have been accomplished in regions with a dearth of

wired infrastructure where wireless solution is the only viable option for both

voice and data networks. The deployment of InfiNet Wireless Routers minimizes

both capital and operational investments for the creation of network

infrastructure.

Key product features:

• Support 2.4 GHz and 5-6 GHz bands, based on DSSS and OFDM

technologies

• Intelligent deterministic non-collision protocol using the radio spectrum

• Powerful QoS capabilities

• Security, tunneling, NAT and firewall

• Flexible network management

• VoIP functionality

• Powerful integrated diagnostic tools

InfiNet Wireless routers are generally used to create geographically spread FBWA

transport networks. In its most basic form, a wireless network built with InfiNet

Wireless routers consists of a base station and multiple subscriber units deployed

one at each end of the wireless links. The radio link operates on a single

frequency channel using Time Division Duplex (TDD) and dynamic adaptive

polling MAC protocol. The difference between a base station unit and subscriber

unit is a matter of configuration and CPU performance. Both devices have the

same common software feature set and the same common hardware platform.

The InfiNet Wireless software is not logically limited to the number of wired

hosts on the subscriber LAN.

The InfiNet Wireless routers have been developed to operate within license

exempt frequency bands which are either 2.412-2.484 GHz or 4.920 – 6,010

GHz. Different products series supports different frequency bands.

The InfiNet Wireless routers can support flexible topologies including point-to-

point links, point-to-multipoint links, high-speed transport connections

(backbones) and relay-points building. They have been designed to prevent

internal and external interference using such product features as software

selectable transmit power control, static frequency selection, asymmetrical bit-

rate/transmit power rates selection for base and subscriber units. In order to

maintain link availability, solve the “hidden node” problem and reduce the

collision rate, the product employs dynamic adaptive non-collision polling MAC

protocol that dynamically redistributes data streams between active and inactive

subscribers. Autobitrate mechanism is an optional powerful feature that provides

link reliability in case of changing conditions on the path of the link.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

The data network built on InfiNet Wireless products is implemented as a routed

IP network which reduces flooding and broadcast messages specific to bridged

networks and to implementation of Quality-of-Service (QoS) features set. QoS

definitions per subscriber’s data flows are effectively mapped on MAC level flow

attributes.

Each device in the network can be configured using serial console port, Telnet

protocol or HTTP (web-based).

RAPS (Remote Access Permission Service) provides a whole network with a

flexible mechanism of a centralized management, configuration and monitoring.

The software/firmware is fully upgradeable for all InfiNet Wireless routers. New

firmware images can be downloaded from the InfiNet Wireless web-site

http://www.infinetwireless.com for its further uploading on the device.

3. Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this document:

• BS – Base Station

• CPE – Customer Premises Equipment (also called subscriber or

subscriber unit)

• ODU – Outdoor Unit (relevant for 5000-O and 5000-M modifications)

• IDU – Indoor power supply Unit (relevant for 5000-O and 5000-M

modifications)

• RF cable – Radio Frequency cable to connect ODU and antenna/Router

and antenna for 5000-O and 5000-I modifications correspondingly

• LOS – Line-of-Sight

• STP cable – Shielded Twisted Pair cable to connect ODU and IDU

(relevant for 5000-O and 5000-M modifications)

• PTP – Point-to-Point topology

• PTM – Point-to-Multipoint topology

• RMA – Routed Multiple Access Protocol

4. Document marks

All warnings are marked with a special warning sign. One should pay

a great deal of attention to what is written in the Warning sections.

All notes are marked with a special note sign. Notes usually contain

useful comments or hints to the described section of the document.

5. Warranty terms

The manufacturer guarantees a reliable work of the product during 12 month

from the date of product installation but no later than 15 months from the date

of delivery of equipment to distributor. The warranty is not spread for the

devices which stopped working properly due to improper usage, careless

treatment, incorrect deployment or exploitation. The warranty voids in the

following cases:

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

• The device was opened and/or repaired by the owner on his own

• Improper exploitation conditions (including improper grounding)

• Electrical damaging of the print circuit board due to electric disruption

caused by improper grounding

• Mechanical defects of the case

6. Additional information

Additional information which is not included in this Manual can be found in the

following sources:

• Package list located in the box with the device

• WANFlex OS User Guide

• Our web-site: www.infinetwireless.com

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

II.Hardware description

1. Power supply unit (IDU)

All outdoor equipment is equipped with indoor power supply units.

Power supply unit exterior

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

2. R5000 series

InfiNet Wireless R5000-O

Front panel

Top view

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

InfiNet Wireless R5000-S

Front panel

Top view

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

InfiNet Wireless R5000-L

Front panel

Top view

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

III.Installation procedure

1. Installation preparations

Required components and accessories

Before the installation, please make sure you have all necessary parts and

accessories:

• InfiNet Wireless Router

• Antenna

• Low loss antenna cable for the required frequency range

• Antenna pole (if necessary)

• Required grounding system

• Accessories and tools

Antenna placement

When planning an antenna placement for PTP link, in order to obtain the

maximal coverage range and best performance for the Router, one need to

consider that LOS requirements must be fulfilled for the path between two

antennas. Moreover, it is of vital importance that the certain zone that surrounds

the signal propagation path must be free from obstructions. One should

understand that the radio beam is not as thin as, for example, laser beam. Radio

beam, also called as a 1st Fresnel zone, has a profile of a rugby ball. Its exact

form and size depend upon the frequency and the signal propagation path

length.

If most of the 1st Fresnel zone is obstructed, a major part of a electromagnetic

energy will be lost which leads to a severe signal quality degradation and, as a

result, to coverage range decreasing.

Below is an incomplete list of possible obstructions on the signal propagation

path:

• Neighboring buildings

• Trees

• Bridges

• Power lines

To obtain the best results, it is necessary to perform a precise analysis of a

signal propagation path zone and possible obstructions that may cover a part of

the 1st Fresnel zone (usually the analysis is performed at the highest points of

the signal propagation path).

When planning the antenna placement for Point-to-Multipoint connections, one

must consider the necessity of a circular or sector coverage areas. In this

respect, it is not recommended to use omni-directional antennas when sector

antennas can be used.

While planning, it is strongly recommended to consult high-qualified

and experienced technicians

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

General recommendation for antennas placement are the following:

• Install antennas as high as possible over specific level. In case of flat

surface - it will be ground level, in case of vegetation and forest – it will

be tree heights, in urban environment – it will be the highest building in

the observed area (specific level definition).

• Avoid tree and vegetation along with wave propagation path, influence

of trees can increase depending on seasons (ice, dew, leaves);

• Proximity of other antennas should be avoided (at least 2 meters);

• Reflecting surfaces should be considered (building with reflective

windows, water surfaces or wet grounds);

• When installing antenna over water surface, one should tune height

bracket within 1-3 meter range variation, because it can yield signal level

variation from minimum to maximum.

• If seasonal changes influence on the signal quality, so then the most

probable reasons would be either the connectors are not protected

enough from humidity, summer vegetation or ice covered cabling and

connectors during winter.

Antenna poles usage

Antenna installation is performed on a special facility called antenna pole. The

pole is used for strong antenna tightening at the installation site. Poles might

have different modifications depending on the installation requirements.

Poles with Stretching

Usually this kind of poles are used when installing antenna on a flat surface and

permits one to raise it to a significant height for providing optimal conditions for

signal propagation.

Wall Mounted Pole

Usually these kinds of poles are used when there is no need to elevate antenna

to the rooftop and there is the possibility to mounting it on a wall. This

installation is significantly simpler than that implementation with poles. Mostly it

is used for subscriber side deployments.

Antenna Poles Requirements

Ease of antenna mounting and sufficient mechanical durability should provide

reliable fastening in conditions of high windy loads. Poles should have round

profile for ease of azimuth adjustment. Typical pole diameter is 30 to 50 mm.

Grounding

Antenna should be placed on the mast on the level that is at least 1 meter lower

than a mast’s top. In this case it is of big probability that the lightning strikes the

mast and not the antenna. The mast is to be grounded on the grounding contour

according to your local standards. When the lightning strikes the antenna, the

current goes through the coaxial cable which grounds ODU clamp with the mast

– the mast is grounded via the grounding contour. The direct lightning strike to

the STP service cable (ODU-IDU) is partially terminated on the grounded IDU

case. Partial termination means that the direct lightning strike will probably

destroy an STP cable. The service cable pickups from the electromagnetic

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

impulses are terminated on the IDU case by the winding shield, and further – on

the grounding contour. The data & power wires pickups on the top are

terminated via ODU protection scheme; on the bottom – via IDU protection

scheme (discharger and additional air gap). ODU and IDU grounding contours

are connected with 100 kOhm resistor, and that provides no static charge

accumulation on the ODU case if there are some problems with its connection to

the grounding contour.

Antenna pole, tower, ODU and lightning arrestor should be connected

to the first common grounding contour. Cable thickness should be no

less than 10AWG using corrosion-steady connectors. It is highly

recommended to entrust grounding contour development to the

skilled personnel. IDU should be grounded to the same contour as

customer LAN, having the second common grounding contour.

Antenna should be grounded

Antenna alignment

To obtain maximal system performance antennas must be precisely aligned one

towards another according to LOS requirements. General recommendations for

antenna alignment are the following:

• Align antennas using optical equipment (binoculars, spyglass)

accompanied by mobile phone actions coordination

• Use GPS receiver and area map

• Use build-in InfiNet Wireless Router features. These features allow

evaluating current channel/signal quality and perform precise antenna

alignment

Omni-directional and sector antennas have a wide radiation diagram width, thus

usually they either do not require a very precise alignment or it is just not

necessary due to radio link requirements.

Antenna polarization must be taken into consideration while installation. In most

cases omni-directional and sector antennas have a vertical polarization.

Directional antennas can be installed either with vertical or horizontal

polarization. Please check a corresponding labeling on the antenna and address

to the antenna technical documentation.

Sound indication usage

Sound indication is performed in channel testing mode (RMA command with

Autotest option). The device is intended to be used while preliminary link

establishing and antenna alignment procedure in order to obtain the maximum

signal level from the remote side.

When having AudioMonitor plugged into the console port of the device with

headphones plugged in, the sound signals will be sent to the headphones. The

AudioMonitor or the console cable must be plugged in when the device is

powered off.

No return packets state on the testing device input (no link) with described

testing mode turned on is indicated by seldom tones in the headphones.

If there is a link established, the signal level is indicated by the set of clicks. The

higher the signal level, the higher is the frequency of the clicks and their number

in the set. The durability of the set and the interval between the sets is always

the same and has a value of 2 and 0.5 seconds correspondingly. The indication

cycle always corresponds with a PREVIOUS measurement cycle. That means that

the sound indication has a delay of 2.5 seconds.

The maximum signal level (16) is indicated by a permanent tone.

Steps to be taken in WANFlex OS:

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

• type: "rma <interface_name> autotest <MAC address> mcast

• config save

• restart the device

• plug the monitor to the console and listen

Usage algorithm:

• Fix the antenna

• Skip one indication cycle

• Listen to the sound indication

• Align the antenna and then fix the antenna again

• Skip the indication cycle

• Listen to the sound indication

• … etc

Precaution measures

Before you start the installation please read this section very carefully.

Antennas are installed on the roof tops or on the building walls. This work must

be accomplished only by personnel having special skills and experience in this

area.

Antennas and cables are electric conductors. Incidental electrostatic strikes may

occur during the system installation. This can lead to equipment damaging or

may hurt the personnel. While installing or changing the elements of the

antenna-fider system one should make sure that open metal parts are

temporarily grounded.

Do not install the antenna close to the electric power lines. Antenna and antenna

pole have to be installed in such a way that while their assembling,

disassembling and repairing they did not have any contact with power lines.

Basic precaution measures that must be fulfilled during the installation are the

following:

• Do not stay on the roof top in windy or rainy weather, during the

thunderstorm or when the working zone is covered with snow or ice

• Do not touch the antennas, antenna poles, cables and lighting arrestors

during the thunderstorm

• Antenna placement should not be close to electric or telephone lines.

Safe distance is a distance that is a sum of the two antenna poles

heights and antenna height

• Antenna cable must be grounded at all times (not relevant for 5000-M

modifications)

Service cable soldering procedure

The following instruction shows the connector soldering procedure

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Step 1. Peel STP cable as shown

Step 2. Use outdoor unit to fix the

connector for further faster

disassembling

Step 3. To disassemble the connector

detach its bottom part by turning it

clockwise as shown

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Step 4. Disassembled connector is

shown on the picture

Step 5. Insert the cable into the

bottom part of the connector

Step 6. Solder the top side of the

connector according to the soldering

scheme. Unscrew the top side of the

connector from the unit

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Step 7. Using outdoor unit as a holder

assemble the connector

Connectors hermetic sealing

A big number of problems with link signal quality in case of outdoor installations

result from RF cable and connectors corrosion. In order to avoid these problems

it is necessary to isolate all the connections that are situated outdoors. One

needs to use either thermal shrinkage with gel stuff or special waterproof tape.

Once the antenna alignment is not complete it is not recommended to perform

isolating. This method prevents you to remove the isolation when there is a need

to reallocate the antenna or the cable. The isolation with thermal shrinkage

usage is performed with a special fan.

Obey all precaution measures while using the fan as it is written in its

manual

The isolation using the waterproof tape is performed by its winding with

intersection around the connection.

Please keep in mind the following recommendations:

• Clean all the surfaces to be isolated and keep them free from the dust

and water

• Isolating material must cover the whole connector and the cable with a

gap of at least 2-3 cm from the connection place

• Isolating material must cover the surfaces as tight as possible

To protect the isolation material from the sun rays, it is recommended to cover it

with vinyl isolation tape.

From March 2006 all units are staffed with a silicon gel which is used for a

reliable outdoor connectors sealing. With gel usage no additional sealing is

required. Even if connection was disassembled afterwards no additional gel is

required. Please see the photos below to learn who gel is put onto the

connector.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Tools to be available at the installation site

1. Screwdrivers set

2. Pliers

3. Soldering iron 40 W

4. Spanners set

5. Connectors isolating set

• Raw rubber

• Thermal shrinkage tube

• Scissors

• Fan

• Mantling gun

6. Additional equipment

• GPS receiver or area map (with compass and alidade)

• Big zoom binoculars

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

2. InfiNet Wireless R5000-L and InfiNet Wireless R5000-O

Installation guidelines

1. Unpack the equipment

2. Check items integrity

3. Prepare RF-cables of the

required length. For 5GHz

devices the recommended

maximal RF cable length is

1 meter.

4. Install and isolate the

connectors on the RF cable

5. Determine the STP cable

length that is used to

connect IDU and ODU. The

total cable length between

LAN (behind IDU) and ODU should not be longer than 100 meters.

6. Install (solder) connector for ODU side on the STP cable and isolate it

7. Lay the STP cable “from top to bottom” – from ODU to IDU

8. After the STP cable has been laid, use distribution box to switch from STP

cable to UTP cable with RJ-45 connectors.

9. Install ODU on the mounting bracket connectors down and tighten it

10. Connect the ODU-IDU cable to the ODU

11. Isolate the ODU connector joint place

12. Once the antenna and antenna pole are

installed they must be grounded via

lightning protection grounding contour.

Antenna’s position must be lower than

the highest antenna pole point at least

by 2 antenna heights. If antenna is NOT

DC-shorted (see antenna technical

documentation), the additional lightning

arrestor must be used which is placed

between ODU and antenna and is

grounded to the antenna pole grounding

contour.

13. Connect RF cable to the antenna. Twist

the connector tightly

14. Connect RF cable to the ODU previously

having touched RF cable connector case

with ODU connector case

15. Isolate RF connectors from both sides

(ODU and antenna)

16. Connect the UTP cable to IDU

17. Provide grounding for IDU

18. Connect Ethernet cable to IDU

19. Provide power supply for IDU

20. Connect to the Router using Telnet protocol

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

It is extremely important to install ODU connectors down!

Wall mounting

Assembled mounting kit is shown on the picture below.

3. InfiNet Wireless R5000-S

Installation guidelines

1. Unpack the equipment

2. Check items integrity

3. Determine the STP cable length that is used to connect IDU and ODU. The

total cable length between LAN (behind IDU)

and ODU should not be longer than 100

meters.

4. Install (solder) connector for ODU on the STP

cable and isolate it

5. Lay the STP cable “from top to bottom” – from

ODU to IDU

6. After the STP cable has been laid, use

distribution box to switch from STP cable to

UTP cable with RJ-45 connectors.

7. Install ODU on the mounting bracket

according to the direction required for the link.

Do not tight it too hard unless the antenna

alignment is not complete. Install ODU

connectors down.

8. Connect the ODU-IDU cable to the ODU

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

9. Isolate the ODU connector joint place

10. Once the ODU and antenna pole are installed they must be grounded via

lightning protection grounding contour. ODU position must be lower than the

highest antenna pole point at least by 2 ODU heights

11. Connect the UTP cable to IDU

12. Provide grounding for IDU

13. Connect Ethernet cable to IDU

14. Provide power supply for IDU

15. Connect to the Router using

Telnet protocol

It is extremely important to install ODU connectors down!

Wall mounting kit assembling

Attention! By default, the mounting kit for R5000-S does NOT contain a

plate for wall mounting – it should be ordered separately.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Pole mounting kit assembling

Low diameter pole mounting kit assembling

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

IV. Device configuration instructions

1. Initial settings configuration procedure

Before starting new device, one should perform initial configuration. The

configuration can be performed either using serial console port or using Telnet

protocol. In order to configure the device using Console port, follow the

instructions below:

• Device should be connected with host serial interface, using InfiNet

Console cable

• Start any terminal emulation software (e.g. Hyper Terminal)

• Set serial interface properties to 38400 baud rate, 8 bit, 1 stop bit, parity

off, flow control disabled

• Enable emulation mode ANSI or VT100, keyboard VT100

To connect using Telnet protocol from the wired LAN run Telnet with 10.10.10.1

IP-address that is configured for the Ethernet interface of the device by default.

If all above procedures are completed correctly, you will see the WanFlex OS

prompt:

Every new device has no initial login and password settings, so you can use any

non-zero length login and password to enter the device:

Password: 1234

After default authorization there will be standard console prompt:

console>

Now the device is ready for the initial configuration procedure. The most relevant

thing to be done at this phase is to define device name/user/password.

system name Test Base Station

system user root

system password qwerty

Part of commands in bold must be typed in CLI (Command Line

Interface). The rest of the command name is optional and can be

skipped while typing.

Since this is made ONLY specified username and password can be used to access

the device. DO NOT FORGET THESE PARAMETERS.

2. Router interfaces

The Router has several physical and logical interfaces:

• lo0 - loopback interface, used for system interaction needs

• null0 – logical interface, can be used for auxiliary addresses assignation

(for NAT module, for example); for routes aggregation for RIP protocol.

Addresses (subnet) are announced to the network but every packet

transmitted through this interface is destroyed

• eth0 - Ethernet 10/100 Mbit interface

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

• rf3.0, rf4.0 - radio interface. See device’s labeling it learn your radio

interface name

• pppX – point-to-point interfaces

• tunX - interfaces used for IPIP tunnels building

• vlanX – interfaces supporting VLAN 802.1q tagging

All configures interfaces of the router can be reviewed using the following

command:

ifconfig -a

3. Command line interface (CLI)

For device’s management and configuration a Unix-like command line language

is used. Every command starts having the power right after Enter key is pressed.

However, each command lifetime duration is limited within one configuration

session. In order to save a current configuration “config save” command is

used.

Several commands can be grouped in one line using “;” character. If a wrong-

syntax line is met in the group, the rest of the string is checked anyway and the

wrong command is ignored. Command name can be shortened unless the

ambiguity occurs.

If your terminal supports VT100 or ANSI standard you can move around the list

of recently executed commands using cursor keys. Numbered list of these

commands can be reviewed by “!h” command. Any command from this list can

be available using “!<NUMBER>” command. TAB key performs substring

search of recently executed commands.

Ctrl/R combination refreshes the command string if its content was disturbed by

system messages.

The command executed with no arguments prints a short hint about its keys,

parameters and syntax.

Context help can be obtained by printing “?” in any position of the line.

4. Lost password recovery

Starting from WANFlex OS 3.32 firmware version, the password can be

recovered remotely. The procedure is the following:

1. Locate your device’s serial number

2. Send this SN to the InfiNet Wireless Technical Support

3. You will be given a special key

4. Enter the device and use SN as a login and received key as a password

5. Reconfigure the username and password

5. Configuration manipulations

Printing and saving your configuration

You c

an easily review your current device’s configuration by executing

“config show” command. The output of the command is sorted by the

configuration sections (e.g. “System parameters”, “Interfaces configuration” etc).

You can review some particular parts of the configuration specifying the part of

the configuration you want to see.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Example:

config show ifc

This command will print the interfaces configuration. You can specify several

parts of the configuration separating them with a space bar.

Example:

config show rip nat

In order to save your configuration “config save” command is used. It saves the

current system configuration in the router's flash memory for subsequent

permanent use. All modifications to the system parameters, if not saved by this

command, are valid only during the current session (until the system reset

occurs).

Import/export

Export/import of the device’s configuration is performed using “config export”

and “config import” commands correspondingly. “Config export” saves the

router configuration on a remote server and “config import” reloads it from a

remote server. The information is transferred using FTP.

Example:

config export user:secret@192.168.1.1/var/conf/test.cfg

“Config import” command writes the uploaded file directly into the Flash

memory without changing the active configuration in RAM. In order to make a

new configuration active, right after “config import” command implementation

finishes the device should be rebooted. If “config save” command is run before

rebooting, Flash memory is overwritten by the copy of the active configuration.

This action will erase the uploaded configuration file.

New firmware uploading

The latest firmware version can be downloaded from

www.infinetwireless.com web-site “Support/Downloads” section.

Command “flashnet” uploads specified firmware version to the Router.

Download is performed using FTP and FTP server should be installed somewhere

in the network or on a local host from where download being performed.

File name is a full path including IP address of FTP server:

flashnet get upgrade@192.168.1.1/conf/infinet/infinet_new.bin

Where 192.168.1.1 is IP-address of FTP server and

.../conf/infinet/infinet_new.bin is a full path to firmware version.

The download process has two phases:

• File uploading into RAM of InfiNet device.

• Programming InfiNet device flash memory from RAM firmware image. This

phase is indicated by “O.O.O.O.O.O…” sequence.

Do not interrupt this process, otherwise device will be brought into

invalid state and it recovery will be possible only at manufacturer

premises.

During installation process all system events should be observed in the system

journal (command “sys log”).

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

6. IP address formats

Many commands of the operating system require specification of IP addresses.

In OS WANFleX, the IP-addressees may be specified in traditional numeric

format. Optionally, the mask may be specified either by its bit length (the

specified number of leading bits in the mask are set to 1, the remaining bits are

reset to 0) or numeric value. The IP address 0/0 denotes all possible IP

addresses.

Therefore, the possible formats to specify IP-addresses are:

nn.nn.nn.nn (no mask is used)

nn.nn.nn.nn/N (N is the bit length of the mask)

nn.nn.nn.nn:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the numerical value of the

mask)

Example:

The 192.168.9.0/24 address describes the network address 192.168.9.0 and the

mask with leading 24 bits on.

The same set of addresses may be denoted as 192.168.9.0:255.255.255.0.

7. Ethernet interface configuration

In the most basic form Ethernet interface can be configured as follows:

ifconfig eth0 1.1.1.1/24 up

UP flag means than the interface is turned to UP state.

Also you can specify the following parameters for the Ethernet interface:

• Media type. By default media type is selected automatically (media

auto parameter).

• Assign aliases to the Ethernet interface (alias key word)

Full information about interfaces configuration can be reviewed in OS WanFlex

User Guide – ifconfig command.

8. Radio interface configuration

Radio interface configuration is performed using “rfconfig” command. In its

most basic form one need to configure the following parameters of the radio

interface:

• Frequency (freq parameter) in MHz. For example, 5260.

• Bit-rate (bitr parameter). Bit transfer rate in kBits/sec.

• System identifier (SID parameter). A hexadecimal number in the range

of 1H to FFFFFFH. All routers that are supposed to see each other on the

same radio link must have the same identifier.

Radio interface state is not saved in the configuration. That means

that if you put radio interface to the down state after rebooting it will

be in the up state.

To learn your device’s radio module capabilities type the command:

rfconfig <IF-NAME> capabilitites

<IF-NAME> - radio interface name. Can be read on the device’s labeling located

on the case.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

This command outputs the following information:

MAC silicon revision:

5.6

PHY silicon revision:

4.1

5GHz analog

silicon revision:

1.7

Power levels (mW):

6, 8, 16, 32, 63

MAC address:

00028AE1D787

Frequency list:

5260, 5280, 5300, 5320, 5340.

Bitrate list: 6000, 9000, 12000, 18000, 24000, 36000,

48000, 54000

Radio interface configuration is performed using “rfconfig” command.

Example:

rfconfig rf4.0 freq 5260 bitr 24000 sid 01010101

Additional important parameters and settings for the radio interface:

• rf4.0 – radio interface name in this case. In order to obtain

radiointerface name either see the ODU/Router labeling or execute

“ifc -a” command.

• pwr – transmitting power selection. Available power levels can be

obtained using “capabilities” parameter as shown above

• burst – enables burst mode. BURST protocol means grouping several

short packets with the same destination address on a radio link into

larger packets, thus cardinally decreasing the response time for

applications generating streams of short packets. Burst enabling relates

to a radio interface as a whole, and means only that you want to use

this mode in this device; but the BURST protocol can only work for

destinations where it is also enabled at the other end, and only if the

RMA protocol is used at both sides.

Burst enabling does not induce any changes in the work of other devices

in the network. To disable “burst” mode use “-burst” parameter in

“rfconfig” command.

• distance: this parameter is used to set the exact distance value

between two devices (in kilometers). This parameter changes time

values for some delays and time-outs of 802.11a/b/g protocol thus

making possible to work on longer distances with smooth adjustment.

There are several ways to manage this parameter:

o if you set an exact value, this value is used no matter what the

connection method is used

o If the CPE has auto value instead of a number (by default), the

CPE will configure its parameters using Base Station commands.

It is enough to set a numeric value on a Base Station (the

distance to the remotest CPE); all other CPEs will automatically

adjust their work. While configuration showing, there might be

the current distance value after auto parameter: auto (XX)

o when knowing exact device's geographical coordinates (e.g.

using GPS) you can specify their values in “sys gpsxy”

command and distance parameter set as auto on all devices

including the Base Station. In this case devices will automatically

adjust their settings selecting an optimal value for the distance

parameter. Base Station will calculate a distance to the remotest

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

subscriber, and subscriber will calculate a distance to the base

station. If the CPE has a link coordinates information it will use

this information, otherwise it will use the distance parameter

value got from the base station.

o If distance parameter is set to 0 radio module will use default

settings.

o pwrctl – automatic transmitting power control mode. In this

mode the output power is set up automatically within the values

available for the radio module. Used for CPE only.

Example:

rfconfig rf4.0 freq 5260 bitr 36000 sid 10203040 burst

rfconfig rf4.0 pwr 63 ant RIGHT distance 0

ANT parameter is specified on the label on the device’s case. The default setting

corresponds with a labeled value.

9. Routed Multiple Access protocol configuration

Every InfiNet Wireless Router can be configured as a subscriber unit or as a base

station. Each link between a base station and a subscriber unit is described as a

PTP connection (or a subnetwork consisting of two units).

From external networks each subscriber unit will be seen as a subnetwork with

the mask length of 30, and the information on attainability of this subnetwork

and of all subnetworks connected to the subscriber unit will be spread by all base

stations, where this subscriber unit is described.

The RMA protocol provides a mechanism enabling to direct routing information

relating to a subscriber unit in such a way that at any moment of time it comes

out only from that particular base station, to which this subscriber unit is actually

connected.

It is HIGHLY recommended to use this protocol at all times even in

PTP topology. RMA protocol does NOT differentiate between PTP and

PTM topologies in both configuration ways and algorithms it uses.

The routing information can be processed using any available routing protocol.

Basic mechanisms

• RAPS database (Remote Access Permission Service) is common for all

subscribers. For detailed description please address to our web-site

www.infinetwireless.com “Support” section.

• Link testing protocol

• Subscribers’ registration on the Base Station with a permanent link

quality testing

• Roaming mechanism (subscriber’s movement from one station to

another) is based on the dynamic IP-routing

• Adaptive polling

• Adaptive transmit power control

• Adaptive Modulation & OFDM signaling scheme

When having RMA mode turned on, one should not configure radio

interface IP-addresses manually. See below description.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Base Station configuration

BS is configured by specifying all of its CPEs using “rma ab” command. The

command format looks as follows:

rma ab <IFNAME> MAC ip=MYIP [name=NAME] [options]

“Rma ab” parameters:

• IFNAME – name of the radio interface

• MAC – MAC-address of the CPE. In order to obtain this address please

use one of the following commands on the CPE:

o ifconfig –a

o rfconfig <IFNAME> capabilities

• MYIP – IP address of the connection as seen from the base station

(mask length equals 30). IP-address for the CPE radio interface is

assigned automatically

• NAME - subscriber's mnemonic name (up to 20 symbols without spaces)

• Options can be the following:

o –disable|-enable - disables and enables the RMA mechanism for

the CPE correspondingly

o -del : removes the specified parameters from the BS

configuration table

To review current BS tables containing all its subscribers use “rma ab” command.

rma ab command shows the status of all subscriber units registered on the base

station and current connection quality, as shown on the following example:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ab1

00028ae1d72a

NewRWR.0.1

9.9.0.1->2

11/8

A/B/P <18/36>

ab2 00028ae1d795

NewRWR.0.5

9.9.0.5

Fields description:

Field#

Description

1 System assigned device’s name. Can be used instead of a MAC-

address while configuring

2 Subscriber unit MAC address.

3 Unit mnemonic name.

4 IP-addresses: (base station)>(subscriber unit). The address of a

subscriber unit is included into the table after successful registration

of the unit.

5 Current connection quality measured in relative units from 0 to 16.

0 indicates the weakest signal quality, 16 – the strongest.

6 Status field.

A – active

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

B – burst mode on

P – polling mode on

7 <transmitting speed>/<receiving speed>

CPE configuration

CPE configuration is performed using “rma bs” command. For each subscriber

one can specify several base stations at which the CPE can be registered (see

Roaming section). The command syntax looks as follows:

rma bs <IF-NAME> sid/speed[/minspeed] freq [,freq...] [-del]

When executed without parameters, the RMA BS command displays the status of

the base station selected and the current connection quality.

The command has the following parameters:

• IF-NAME - the name of a radio interface

• sid - a network identifier

• speed - requested connection speed (bitrate) in KBit/s (if autobitrate

mode is turned on, this parameter sets the highest possible speed). The

list of available speeds can be displayed by "rfconfig <IF-NAME> bitr"

command and depends on radio module type.

• Minspeed – optional parameter used in autobitrate mode. Sets the

minimal value for the speed.

• freq - the base station operating frequencies; any number of

frequencies may be specified, as a list of individual frequencies and/or of

frequency ranges f1-f2, separated by commas.

The -DEL option is used to remove the specified parameters from the subscriber

unit's configuration table.

Example of BS configuration on the CPE:

rma bs rf4.0 01010101/24000 5260, 5280

If you want this CPE to attempt to connect to another Base Station, you should

specify it in a separate line with different frequencies and/or bitrate.

“rma bs” command executed without parameters shows current registration of

the CPE on the BS.

Еxample:

rf4.0: bs (10101011/24000,5280) 00028aeb54d4 Q=155 7/6 IP=1.1.1.1

Links 13, reps 13, Q=155 Rx=18 Tx=24 burst

Here:

• rf4.0 – name of the interface

• 101010011 – SID

• 24000 – configured maximum speed (upstream to BS)

• 5280 – working frequency

• 00028aeb54d4 – MAC-address of the BS at which the registration was

performed

• Q (1st entry)– base signal quality level

• Q (2nd entry) – current signal quality level

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

• 7/6 – “signal level from the subscriber”/”signal level from the BS”.

Measured according to the relative InfiNet scale from 0 to 16 (0 – min,

16 – max)

• IP – IP-address for the radio interface from the BS side

• Links – number of testing packets sent

• Reps – number of testing packets acknowledgments received

• Rx – data rate on receiving in Mbit/sec

• Tx – data rate on transmitting in Mbit/sec

• Burst – Burst mode is turned on

Bitrate control

Traditional ways of InfiNet router's usage imply a fixed connection speed

between a base station and a subscriber. A subscriber while searching and

registering on a base station chooses an optimal mode which is available in the

configuration and afterwards does not change connection parameters even if

radio channel characteristics (signal levels, noise level) are changing. The speed

in both directions is set as it is configured on the subscriber's side. If the

conditions worsen so much that further work is impossible the connection breaks

and a new base station search runs or new work parameters are being chosen.

This way of configuration is logical when one needs to get a reliable channel with

previously known characteristics and when all radio channel parameters are

thoroughly designed.

However in some cases when there is a need in fast channel making (if it has

non-critical parameters) it is more convenient to switch to an automatic mode.

The automatic speed control mode solves this problem. In this mode every

device controls the connection parameters independently (amplitude of the

received signal, SNR on the opposite side etc) and chooses such transmitting

speed which provides necessary conditions for a reliable work with minimum

number of ARQs and losses. Speed values can be different for each direction but

it will be optimal.

If this mode is turned on at the subscriber's side the base station will turn it on

also for this particular subscriber. In this case the base station search is

performed on the minimal for the subscriber speed and then the speed is

increased to its maximum value (it can be limited by the speed specified in rma

bs command or by limitations for the specific device model). If autobitrate mode

is turned on at the base station all subscriber devices that work with it will

automatically switch to this mode.

The speed ranges for the autobitrate algorithm are specified in CPE

configuration by specifying speed and minspeed parameters.

In order to turn this mode on (either on BS or CPE), type:

rma <IF-NAME> autobitrate

In order to turn this mode off (either on BS or CPE), type:

rma <IF-NAME> -autobitrate

Roaming

Roaming means that for each CPE several base stations with which it can

potentially interact can be specified. If there are several BS configured for the

CPE, it will measure signal quality level with each of those BS and choose the BS

with the best integral characteristic. In order for the CPE to have a roaming

feature one should:

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

• Specify using “rma bs” command all BS that CPE can potentially work

with

• On each BS that is specified in CPE’s configuration one need to configure

the CPE

Subscriber’s LAN switching from one base station to another takes place with no

LAN Ethernet interface IP-addresses changing.

Router’s configuration rebuilding takes not more than 15 seconds when the base

station changing is performed.

IP-routing is used as a roaming mechanism and this feature allows subscriber’s

relocation within the whole network and switching between different base

stations.

Polling

The WMA/CD (polling) regime is a method of accessing common radio channel

under base station control, which means a centralized distribution of

transmission authorization markers by a base station to subscriber units. This

regime greatly improves operational stability and throughput of base stations

under conditions of heavy load and signal level misbalance between different

subscriber units. It is particularly useful when subscriber units are at long range

from a base station and not in the direct visibility of each other, so that they

cannot avoid mutual collisions in the radio channel by listening each other's

transmission. The polling regime makes it possible to establish reliable

communication between subscribers when the ordinary CSMA/CA wireless access

method does not work at all.

Despite a slight decrease in the maximum transmission speed, the polling regime

substantially increases the total throughput of a base station and provides for its

fair distribution between subscriber units.

Among the drawbacks of wireless polling method one can mention comparatively

greater initial delay and greater response delay variations for series of short

packets, which is adversely affecting such applications as telemetry and on-line

games.

The polling regime is enabled on the base station only. Configuration of

subscriber units needs not to be modified. All those units, however, shall have

RMA protocol enabled.

A base station with polling regime enabled may simultaneously serve both polling

and non-polling subscriber units; presence of non-polling units (dumb units,

relay-points which combine both BS and CPE configuration), however,

substantially reduces the whole system's effectiveness.

To turn polling regime on the BS, type:

rma <IF-NAME> poll

To turn polling regime off, type:

rma <IF-NAME> -poll

Polling mode is recommended to be used with RMA protocol as it

determines the radio environment and makes it predictable. The

competitive results of CSMA/CA and polling protocols are presented

on our web-site

Polling mode can significantly increase a ping round trip time. In this

case this time is not a measure of a link quality.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Link Test & Control

A Base Station performs a permanent link testing with a subscriber. Each testing

is accompanied by subscriber’s information update in the Base Station’s tables.

This mechanism provides a system operator with comprehensive data concerning

registered subscribers and links quality without any additional tests launching.

RMA usage

The following procedure is recommended for RMA protocol configuration:

• Define which of the network components act as a BS and which are CPEs

• Configure all CPEs on the BS using “rma ab” command

• Configure BS on each CPE using “rma bs” command

• Run RMA on each device using “rma start” command. RMA mode can

be disabled using “rma stop” command

• Enable polling mode on the BS

• Define which links are not stable at the configured speeds and try using

autobitrate mode either for some specific CPEs or for the whole cell

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

V. Link Configuring

1. Preliminary decisions

Speed selection

Basic recommendations for the device’s speed selection are the following:

• The overall performance of the channel built using 54 Mbps devices is

just a little bit higher than for 48 Mbps devices. However, the noise

immunity for 54 Mbps is less than for 48 Mbps. So, the recommendation

is to configure your devices for 48 Mbps speed instead of 54 Mbps

• BS downstream speed to CPE can be configured as high as it is possible.

Upstream speed from CPE to BS should not exceed 24 Mbps. This kind of

asymmetry leads to less expenses to create a required attenuation

between BS sectors – subscriber’s equipment costs less and the optimal

price/performance parameter value is obtained

• By effective antenna selection for the subscriber units, one should set up

equal speeds for all subscribers regardless their individual performance

requirements

• In order to obtain a stable work mode for the whole network set up

Autobitrate mode with optimal range of available speeds provided

Examples of typical network equipment selection:

1. Network with upstream traffic prevailing (e.g. video surveillance systems)

• Base Station: 5000-O 5.8 24P200. Sector antenna gain: 17 dB

• Nearest subscribers (e.g. 3 km coverage area): 5000-O 5.8 24

with 19 dB directional antenna

• Remote subscribers (e.g. 9 km coverage area): 5000-O 5.8

24P200 with 29 dB directional antenna

• Bottom value for the speed: 12 Mbps

• This solution provides with the performance of not less than 8

Mbps real throughput

2. Network with downstream traffic prevailing (e.g. ISP networks)

• Base Station: 5000-O 5.8 36P300. Sector antenna gain: 17 dB

• Nearest subscribers (e.g. 6 km coverage area): 5000-O 5.8 18

with 19 dB directional antenna

• Remote subscribers (e.g. 12 km coverage area): 5000-O 5.8 18

with 29 dB directional antenna

• Bottom value for the speed: 6 Mbps

• This solution provides with the performance of not less than 4

Mbps of real throughput for upstream traffic and 8 Mbps for

downstream traffic with maximal coverage area

3. Network with downstream traffic prevailing (e.g. ISP with different

services)

• Base Station: 5000-O 5.8 36P3000. Sector antenna gain 17 dB

• Nearest subscribers (e.g. 2.5 km coverage area): 5000-O 5.8 19

dB directional antenna

• Remote subscribes (e.g. 5 km coverage area): 5000-O 18 with

29 dB directional antenna

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

• Bottom value for the speed: 12 Mbps

• This solution provides with the performance of not less than 8

Mbps of real throughput for upstream traffic and 14 Mbps for

downstream traffic with maximal coverage area

Frequency planning for multi-sectored Base Stations

Base Stations with six sectors deliver the maximal performance by providing with

sector reciprocal reservation and best price/performance parameter value. When

having an optimal frequency gap of 40 MHz between adjacent sectors of the BS,

the following schemes are recommended to be configured (e.g. having 5

available in configuration frequencies F1, F2 … F5):

• F1, F3, F5, F1, F3, F5

• F1, F3, F1, F3, F1, F3

Transmitting power selection

High output power provides with a maximal connection performance. Power

decreasing is logical when the maximal speed is already reached and there are

no repeats. In this case an excessive output power can decrease the system

parameters. When having no built-in or external amplifiers one can try to install

the automatic power control for the subscriber.

Fade margin calculator

Fade Margin Calculator is used for estimating the link energetic parameters and

for upstream/downstream speeds prognosis. The calculator is available at

www.infinetwireless.com web-site in the Support section.

The procedure for the Calculator usage is the following:

1. Specify “Distance” and “Frequency” parameters of the link

2. Specify “Antenna Gain” for Unit №1 and for Unit №2

3. Specify “Cable Attenuation” per 1 meter cable length. For example, for 2.4

GHz devices - 0.24 dB, for 5 GHz – 0.4 dB. Depends upon used cables.

4. Specify “Output power” in milliwatts

5. Specify “Receiver sensitivity”. In order to do that, please think of the

desired/predicted speed on the link and refer to the tables below the

Calculator. For Unit №1 – predict UPSTREAM speed. For Unit №2 – predict

DOWNSTREAM speed

6. If you use external amplifiers, fill out “Amplifier” section(s)

7. Press “Recalculate” button

8. Perform the following actions:

• For UPSTREAM speed prognosis use “Signal level by InfiNet scale”

parameter for Unit №1. Subtract “Sinking Offset” parameter

provided below. Search the calculated value in “Minimal InfiNet scale

level required for maximal throughput” in the tables below. If the

value matches with the predicted speed, the link works with selected

parameters. If not, please select another speed and go back to Step

• For DOWNSTREAM speed prognosis use “Signal level by InfiNet

scale” parameter for Unit №2. Subtract “Sinking Offset” parameter

provided below. Search the calculated value in “Minimal InfiNet scale

level required for maximal throughput” in the tables below. If the

value matches with the predicted speed, the link works with selected

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

parameters. If not, please select another speed and go back to Step

In order to obtain speed range calculation for the link (for 5GHz devices only),

please refer to “Speed range calculator”.

Landscape details and signal propagation path obstructions are not

taken into account in the calculator.

Speed range calculator

Speed range calculator is used for Speed/Coverage parameters calculation for

the link. The Calculator is available at the www.infinetwireless.com web-site

in the Support section.

The Calculator works for 5GHz devices only

The procedure for the Calculator usage is the following:

1. Specify “Distance” and “Frequency” parameters of the link

2. Specify “Antenna Gain” for “Base Station” and “CPE”

3. Specify “Cable Attenuation” per 1 meter cable length

4. Specify “Output power” in milliwatts

5. If you use external amplifiers, fill out “Amplifier” section(s)

6. Press “Calculate” button

The results are presented at the right side of the table. “Best” and “worst” values

for bitrates both for BS and CPE act as recommendations only when planning

the network. The worst value implies lower energetic parameters for the clients

that are located on the sides of the BS sector antenna radiation diagram or on

the limit of the fade margin.

Landscape details and signal propagation path obstructions are not

taken into account in the calculator. Please refer to the “Remarks”

section.

2. Link diagnostic tools

Muffer

The muffer module makes it possible to rapidly test the electromagnetic

environment, visually estimate the efficiency of the utilization of the air links,

reveal sources of interference, and estimate their power.

Several operating regimes of the muffer module provide for different levels of

details in test results

Review mode

This regime is enabled by the review option. It makes possible to have a general

estimation of emissions and interference within specified frequency range.

Normal operation of the radio is not possible in this mode.

This regime can be useful on the first steps of link configuration. One can

observe the activity on the selected list of frequencies and make decisions of

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

what frequencies can be used for the link so that the link did not interfere with

other sources of signals.

The scan is performed only for the packets corresponding with the

standard of the radio module (802.11a for 5GHz devices and 802.11b

for 2.4 GHz devices. Other sources of signals on the scanned

frequencies stay unseen.

The picture above shows the output of review mode.

To run the review mode please type the following command:

muffer <IF-NAME> review

Once the link is established you can use this mode to review the activity on the

configured for frequency for the link. If no activity is observed that means that

the signal from the remote side is being broken by the interference sources or by

the obstacles on the signal propagation path.

MAC2 mode

This regime performs MAC-addresses analysis to estimate the number of clients

with different MAC addresses and the efficiency of their utilization of the air link.

The analysis is carried out for all MAC addresses at the frequency previously

specified by rfconfig command. The mac2 regime checks both data packets

and the link-level ACK messages sent by protocol supported devices.

Normal operation of the radio is not possible in this mode.

The picture below shows the output mac2 regime.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Like in review mode this regime provides with the information about a current

activity but on the configured frequency.

To run the review mode please type the following command:

muffer <IF-NAME> mac2

Statistics

The statistics gathering is used for estimating link load intensity and per client.

The amount of packets sent and received, and the number of retransmissions is

shown for each MAC address participating in the data exchange.

The statistics output is presented in the picture below.

The following decisions can be made by analyzing the outputted parameters:

• If the number of repeated packets is comparable with total number of

packets that means that you might have an interference source on the

selected frequency. For normally operating link the percentage of

repeated packets should not exceed 10%. It is extremely important to

obtain a permanent zero value for the average number of repeats per

packet. If the value is not zero that means that the link is NOT working

properly and requires further improvement

• If total percentage of repeated packets and the percentage of packets

that were repeated at least once are close to each other that might

mean that you have got a permanent source of interference. Otherwise,

it means that a strong interference source appears from time to time

breaking your signal

• Concerning the fact that statistics module outputs the information for

each MAC-address separately, you can reveal the problem for some

specific unit on the wireless network

The “muffer stat” command shows the statistics only from registered devices.

To view statistics type the following command:

muffer stat

To reset all counters please type

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

muffer stat clear

Other modes of muffer

The muffer also has the following modes:

• mac mode. Compared to the mac2 mode this mode does not take link-

level ACK messages sent by protocol support devices into account

• mynet mode performs the radio testing without disturbing radio

module's normal operation, but taking into account only packets from

within the given network

• sid mode. The sid regime allows estimating the number of currently

operating subscriber groups having different identifiers (SID), and the

efficiency of air links utilization. The analysis is carried out for all network

identifiers at the frequency previously specified for the radio module by

rfconfig command.

RMA Test

RMA test modes are used for estimating the quality of the established link.

Compared to the muffer mode these modes are not passive and involve

transmitting packets to the radio media.

Manual testing

Manual test of a link to a subscriber unit or base station with specified MAC-

address. Any device can be tested in this mode, and testing results can be seen

on the console and on the front panel LED indicators.

The output in this mode in presented in the picture below.

This mode can be very useful when run of one of the ends of a wireless link

whereas the antenna alignment procedure and/or configuration manipulations

are carried out on the other end of the link. Thus, having mobile phone handy or

other communicating devices you can set up the link for the best performance.

Varying the packet length and the test mode (unicast/multicast) you can obtain

the required link quality for the specific subscriber unit. In unicast mode (default

mode) one should obtain zero values for LostIn and LostOut parameters even

when the packet length is long (e.g. 1400 bytes). For multicast mode the

threshold value below which the link can be defined as satisfactory is

approximately 20% of lost packets.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Example of rma test mode usage for manual mode:

rma rf4.0 test ab1 1400 mcast

Here:

• Test key word means that the test is performed in the manual mode

• Ab1 – system assigned name for the subscriber (do not mix with a

mnemonic subscriber name, see rma ab section). You can use

subscriber MAC-address instead

• 1400 – testing packet length

• mcast – multicast mode. If not specified the unicast packets are sent

Automatic RMA test modes

Two automatic test modes are available: using MAC-address (no registration)

and with registration on the BS. In the second case the subscriber searches for

the BS specified in its configuration and afterwards the testing starts using MAC-

address of the found BS.

Example (deferred test using MAC-address):

rma rf4.0 auto 00:00:0e:12:13:ac 2048 mcast

config save

Example (Base Station search test):

rma rf4.0 autobs 2048 mcast

config save

To disable automatic test modes, please type:

rma rf4.0 -autotest

config save

Load Meter

Load meter is a powerful tool that allows estimating the load of a system

interface specified by interface parameter. By default, the information is

displayed on one line and updated every second; the load is measured in

kilobytes.

Below picture shows the load meter output for the radio interface outputted in

line-by-line mode with one second interval.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

To run load meter like it is shown above, please type:

loadm –l <IF-NAME>

Acquiring interfaces statistics

Interface statistics can be acquired using netstat module which includes two

modes:

• Routing tables output (using “-r” parameter with the command)

• Interfaces statistics output (using “-I” parameter with the command)

Below picture shows the example of interfaces statistics output.

If the interface has several aliases the statistics is still measured for

physical interface in a whole. For example, see rf4.0 or eth0 interfaces

above. The numbers shown in 4 right columns correspond in physical

interface.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

VI. Services, features and tools

This chapter describes router’s built-in services, features and tools which were

not described in previous parts of the document. Descriptions provided in this

chapter are shortened. Full description is available in the OS WANFlex User

Guide.

1. Network services

MAC filter

The MAC filter (macf command) performs static mapping of IP-addresses to

MAC addresses in an Ethernet network. It may be useful for service providers

when they connect to their network a group of clients (such as individual users in

an apartment block) via one common access unit. In this case, clients may be

tempted to change their IP address to that of a neighbor, thus deceiving

provider's accounting system. Although it is almost impossible to definitely

resolve this issue, you can make however your life easier by directly mapping the

client's assigned IP-address to his/her MAC-address, because surreptitiously

modifying a MAC address is much more difficult for an average user.

NAT

NAT - network address translation according to rfc1631

NAT (nat command) allows solving to the certain extent the problem IPv4

address space exhausting. It means that several computers in the given LAN

may connect to Internet via the same public IP address. NAT-module receives

outgoing IP-packets, modifies sender's IP address to the public IP address and

forwards it to Internet. Sender's IP address is modified in such a way that it is

possible to identify the sender when IP packet received on the LAN incoming

interface and to forward the IP packet to the initial sender. NAT-module is similar

to natd and libalias from FreeBSD. Original manuals can help understand the

subject better.

Full support of H.323 protocol.

IP firewall

IP Firewall (ipfw command) is a mechanism of filtering packets crossing an IP

network node, according to different criteria. System administrator may define a

set of incoming filters (addincoming) and a set of outgoing filters

(addoutgoing). The incoming filters determine which packets may be accepted

by the node. The outgoing filters determine which packets may be forwarded by

the node as a result of routing.

Each filter describes a class of packets and defines how these packets should be

processed (reject and log, accept, accept and log).

Packets can be filtered based on the following properties:

• Protocol (IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP);

• Source address and/or destination address (and port numbers for TCP

and UDP);

• The network interface it arrived on;

• Whether the packet is a TCP/IP connection request (a packet attempting

to initiate a TCP/IP session) or not;

• Whether the packet is a head, tail or intermediate IP fragment;

• Whether the packet has certain IP options defined or not;

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

• The MAC address of the destination station or of the source station.

QoS

QoS manager (qm command) is a convenient and flexible mechanism to

manipulate data streams going through the router. The user can create up to 64

logical channels characterized by different properties (such as priority levels and

data transfer rates), and then assign data streams to these logical channels

according to special rules of assignment. Packets going through different

channels are thus modifying their own properties as well as properties of their

respective data flows.

QoS application:

• Traffic shaping

• Traffic prioritization

• Traffic redirection

Tunneling

There are several approaches for tunnels building. One of them is IP into IP

Encapsulation (described in RFC 2003). It is implemented in OS WANFleX (tun

command). This technology is used, for example, in Cisco Systems routers, and

is a subset of the IPSEC protocol supported by several operating systems.

Within this approach, tunnels are implemented as point-to-point (P2P) links

between two endpoint routers. The whole data stream through such a link is

encapsulated into IP packets at one end of a link and is delivered to its opposite

end through the existing transport network.

Routing core

InfiNet Wireless Router supports the standard TCP/IP (IPv4) protocols stack.

2. Utilities and services

Telnet

Telnet system protocol support.

Telnet command sets up a connection with a remote host specified by the IP-

address in the terminal emulation mode. The telnet command uses transparent

symbols stream without any intermediate interpretation; therefore, the terminal

type is defined by the terminal from which the command has been executed

Ping

Ping command sends test packets (ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST) to the given IP-

address. Enables to estimate attainability of a host and the destination response

time.

Access control lists

While network planning you may often need to group similar parameters in lists

which can be used for different filters. Access control lists (acl command) can

effectively solve this problem.

The ACL command creates an access list the specified name and type.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

3. Routing protocols

Static

The router has a feature of creating static routing tables

The route command provides with manual management of system routing

tables. In the normal mode, when a routing daemon is active, this command is

not needed. However, in some cases it allows to achieve more precise, non-

standard configuration.

All routes that are described using route add command are “pseudostatic”. It

means that this information will be immediately placed into the configuration and

will be active until it is deleted using route delete command. However, actually

described routes will be put into the system tables only when there is an

interface with an address and a mask within the boundaries of the gateway

address set. When this address is absent routes set will be automatically deleted

from system tables but still will be present in the configuration

RIP

The routing module supports two versions of the Routing Information Protocol:

RIP-1 and RIP-2. The rip command is used to set up the module for using these

routing protocols.

4. Management features

HTTP

The HTTP protocol support module (httpd command) makes it possible to

configure the router using any Web browser. A mini-server built into the router

provides for executing any WANFleX command, and also some predefined

scripts.

RSH

RSH (remote shell) protocol support module.

The built-in RSH server makes it possible remote command execution using the

rsh command. Identification is based on using privileged TCP ports and a list of

authorized hosts.

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol version 3 support.

SNMP support (snmp command) is an important feature supported by the router

as it provides the network administrator with a control over the whole system

and any of its components.

Console

The router has a feature of its configuration management via console. By

specifying the correct parameters of the RS-232 interface and connecting the

device via console cable one can get an access to the WanFlex OS command

prompt in order to configure the device.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

VII.GUI “InfiNet Wireless Router Manager”

1. Overall functionality overview

“InfiNet Wireless Router Manager” (“IWR Manager” for short”) is used for the

following purposes:

• View and change system parameters of the router

• View and change interfaces parameters of the router

• Obtain ARP table and routing table

• View interfaces statistics and interfaces current load statistics

• Setting up the router as a BS or/and CPE

• View CPEs parameters if the router acts as a BS

• View BS registration parameters if the router acts as a CPE

• Separate Telnet session for console management

The application is designed for OS Windows.

2. Application requirements

In order to run and properly use the application, the following requirements

must be met:

• InfiNet Wireless R5000, single-radio

• OS WANFleX version 3.36 or higher

• SNMP agent is running (snmp enable command)

• Before starting the application, not more than 3 session of Telnet should

be opened for this particular router

• Automatic screen messaging must be turned off (sys log off command)

3. User guide

In the authorization window please enter login, password, SNMP community

name, IP-address of the router. In case if one of the listed parameters is

incorrect, the user gets one of the following error messages:

• SNMP test failed. The message states that the application is unable to

work with the router using SNMP protocol. Amongst the reasons for this

error messages one can state the following:

o SNMP Community name is incorrect

o SNMP agent is not run on the router

• Client socket error. The error message means that the application

cannot establish the connection with the router using Telnet protocol.

The reasons may be the following:

o Login is incorrect

o Password is incorrect

o IP-address is incorrect or the router is not attainable via IP

If authorization went well, the user will be able to see “IWR Manager” window

after all parameters had been downloaded from the router.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

In system panel at the bottom of the window the following parameters are

permanently updated:

• Sys uptime. A time since last device’s reboot.

• CPU load. Current CPU load.

Also, a set of buttons is also available at the bottom of the window:

• Save all. Saves all changes. Equivalent to “config save” command.

• Refresh all. Updates all information is all tabsheets.

• Quit. Closes the application.

System settings

The following system parameters can be changed/viewed in this sheet:

• System name

• Optional parameter setting a geographical location of the router

RMA protocol manipulations:

• Starting/stopping the protocol

• Turning on/off the autobitrate mechanism

• Turning on/off the polling mechaism

Parameters are usually united in groups with one common “Update”

button at the bottom of the group (e.g. “RMA settings”). Unless the

button is not pressed all changes in the group does not have power.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Interfaces

Among all interfaces parameters that can be adjusted in this tabsheet, the most

important are radiointerface parameters:

• Working frequency. Usually this parameter is relevant only for BS. For

the CPE the frequency (or a list of frequencies) is set in RMA protocol

configuration and determines the list of frequencies where the BS should

be searched.

• The bit transfer rate (in Kbit/s) of the radio link.

• Power of a transmitter (in milliwatts). The values of acceptable trasmit

power levels can vary depending on the type of radio module installed.

The full list of acceptable trasmit power levels is available by using "rf if-

name capabilitites" command. If the value entered is invalid the system

will automatically set a minimal adjacent value.

• System identifier of the router, a hexadecimal number in the range of 1H

to FFFFFFH. All routers that are supposed to see each other on the same

radio link must have the same identifier. To be compatible with ARLAN

655 network adapters, the identifier must be an even number. For 11

Mbit/s radio modules (PC4800, Lucent ORINOCO etc) the identifier must

be entered as a string of 6 hexadecimal digits (using digits 0 to 9 and

CAPITAL letters A to F), with leading zero's when necessary, e.g.

00A2CD.

• Distance. this parameter is used as an alternative method of link range

configuring in order to set the exact distance value between two devices

(in kilometers). This parameter changes time values for some delays and

time-outs of 802.11a/b/g protocol thus making possible to work on

longer distances with smooth adjustment.

There are several ways to manage this parameter:

o if you set an exact value, this value is used no matter what the

connection method is used

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

o If the CPE has auto value instead of a number (by default), the

CPE will configure its parameters using Base Station commands.

It is enough to set a numeric value on a Base Station (the

distance to the remotest CPE); all other CPEs will automatically

adjust their work. While configuration showing, there might be

the current distance value after auto parameter: auto (XX)

o when knowing exact device's geographical coordinates (e.g.

using GPS) you can specify their values in sys gpsxy command

and distance parameter set as auto on all devices including the

Base Station. In this case devices will automatically adjust their

settings selecting an optimal value for the distance parameter.

Base Station will calculate a distance to the remotest subscriber,

and subscriber will calculate a distance to the base station. If the

CPE has a link coordinates information it will use this

information, otherwise it will use the distance parameter value

got from the base station.

Using several checkboxes you can manage different regimes for the radio:

• wocd mode. Disables carrier sense on the radio interface when sending

data packets. May only be used on a base station working in WMA

(Wireless Marker Access) mode. Reduces the number of retransmitted

packets, thus increasing effective throughput of a multipoint radio link. "-

vocd" re-enables the standard mechanism of permanent carrier sense.

Initial setting is "-wocd" (carrier sense enabled).

• burst mode consists in grouping several short packets with the same

destination address on a radio link into larger packets, thus cardinally

decreasing the response time for applications generating streams of

short packets..

• pwrctl enables automatic management of transmitter's emitting power.

Along with radiointerface parameters, the user can view/change other interfaces

parameters::

• eth0 – Ethernet interfaces

• lo0 – Loopback interface

• null0 – auxiliary interface

The application has the following functionality to manage the interfaces:

• Add/delete/change primary and secondary (alias) IP-address on each

interface

• Change the state of the interfaces (up/down).

• Change MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) parameter for each of the

interfaces

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Base Station

In this Tabsheet the user can edit the following parameters:

• Create/delete/edit records for the CPEs that can register on this Base

Station. Each record corresponds with “rma ab” string in RMA protocol

configuration

• Manual CPEs switching on/off

The application is capable of periodic update of the CPE current information

which includes:

• BS registration status

• Signal levels from BS to CPE and from CPE to BS. Signal levels are

measured from 1 to 16

• Upstream and downstream speeds

• Distance to the Base Station

• Mnemonic name of the CPE

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

CPE – Customer Premises Equipment)

For each CPE there can be several configured BS. Surely, CPE at the moment can

be registered only at one BS. Each BS is represented by three parameters: SID

of the searched BS, requested transmitting speed and list of frequencies where

the BS should be searched at. Each time RMA is run or CPE looses registration at

the BS, it starts searching for a new BS scanning through the list of configured

BS.

If CPE is registered at the BS, the application will show all the registration

parameters and, if required, update them periodically:

• BS working frequency

• Requested speed from the BS

• System identifier (SID)

• IP-address for the radiointerface from the side of the BS. For CPE, the

address for the radiointerface will be assigned automatically.

• Signal levels from BS and to BS

• Current upstream and downstream speeds

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Interfaces statistics

Prompts and hint available in this tabsheet provide the user with all necessary

information on all displayed parameters.

Also, the page has a feature of running a load meter which provides with a

detailed information on interfaces load dynamics. The parameters which are

shown by load meter are the following:

• INPUT/OUTPUT: cur – number of received/sent kilobits/sec through

the interface

• INPUT/OUTPUT: avg – the average number of received/sent

kilobits/sec through the interface normalized by the time of observation

• INPUT/OUTPUT: max – the maximal number of received/send

kilobits/sec through the interface normalized by the time of observation

• INPUT/OUTPUT: pckts – total number of incoming/outgoing pps

through the interface

• TOTAL: sum – total number of kbps that went through the interface

• TOTAL: pckts – total number of pps went through the interface

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Routing/ARP tables

This Tabsheet lets the user to view routing table and ARP-table..

Graphs

This Tabsheet contain three subsheets:

• CPU Load. Builds a graph, showing CPU load changing in time

• CPE signal levels. Shows how levels from different CPEs change in time

• Interfaces Graphs. Displays current load on all interfaces.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

VIII.Recommendations

1. Using InfiNet Devices for High Speeds (48, 54 Mbps)

Using InfiNet devices on greater speeds 48 and 54 Mbps can specific limitations

and requirements because of low noise immunity of high-order modulation

techniques (64 QAM).

One should take all possible precautions to prevent exceeding of parasite signals

over receiver sensitivity threshold. The problem is aggravated by the presence of

this parasite signal in entire spectrum. This practically is not impossible to

achieve when there are other active devices in neighborhood and therefore such

high speed devices can be used only in autonomous links.

2. Design of Multi-sectored Base Stations

Based on the above, we can resume that it is possible to build only single-

sectored base station for high speeds and building multi-sectored base stations is

possible only for speeds less than 36 Mbps. More than that, there is trade-off

between coverage and speed. The more powerful base station we have

(amplifiers, greater range), the less speeds can be defined for this base station.

So we have ultimate choice: either optimizing base station for more speed/less

range (without amplifiers) or optimize base station for more range/less speed

(with amplifiers).

Compromise is achieved by using amplifiers and directional antennas at remote

subscribers, but this approach essentially is more costly.

Remote subscribers can be configured for significantly lower than average

speeds providing more stable operating modes but those subscribers can

decrease overall cell performance; so try to avoid mix solutions when the BS-CPE

has a big difference for different subscribers.

3. Asymmetrical System Design

Following conclusions regarding using base station can be made:

• Downstream speed (base to CPE) is usually higher than upstream;

• Beam width of base station sectored antenna is 10 times wider than

beam width of subscriber antenna;

• Trying to deploy base stations on area heights leads to raising overall

noise level and reducing noise immunity;

• Subscriber SNR measured at a base station is significantly worse than

that of subscriber side.

• Increasing transmit speed does not influence the overall working

conditions and network performance;

• Increasing receive speed does worsen noise immunity and network

performance.

Every step in speed increasing requires 3 dB step improvements SNR.

Asymmetry in 8 times corresponds to 9 dB. It means that without link quality

losses we can have 2 times speed difference between upstream and

downstream. In order to maintain energetic parameters, we have to increase

base station output power by 9 dB by means of built-in amplifier. Other option is

to install external amplifier at subscriber side, because it has more gain for

receiving than for transmitting.

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

IX. Supplementary information

1. Connectors soldering schemes

Service cable connector soldering scheme

InfiNet Wireless R5000 Technical User Manual

Console cable connector for 5000-M and 5000-O soldering scheme

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