Ingenu ULPENODE120 On-Ramp Wireless eNode User Manual eNode

On-Ramp Wireless On-Ramp Wireless eNode eNode

User manual

On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary. Restricted Distribution. This document is not to be used, disclosed, or distributed to anyone without express written consent from On-Ramp Wireless. The recipient of this document shall respect the security of this document and maintain the confidentiality of the information it contains. The master copy of this document is stored in electronic format, therefore any hard or soft copy used for distribution purposes must be considered as uncontrolled. Reference should be made to On-Ramp Wireless to obtain the latest revision. eNode User Manual
On-Ramp Wireless Incorporated 10920 Via Frontera, Suite 200 San Diego, CA 92127 U.S.A. Copyright © 2011 On-Ramp Wireless Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. The information disclosed in this document is proprietary to On-Ramp Wireless Inc., and is not to be used or disclosed to unauthorized persons without the written consent of On-Ramp Wireless. The recipient of this document shall respect the security of this document and maintain the confidentiality of the information it contains. The master copy of this document is stored in electronic format, therefore any hard or soft copy used for distribution purposes must be considered as uncontrolled. Reference should be made to On-Ramp Wireless to obtain the latest version. By accepting this material the recipient agrees that this material and the information contained therein is to be held in confidence and in trust and will not be used, copied, reproduced in whole or in part, nor its contents revealed in any manner to others without the express written permission of On-Ramp Wireless Incorporated. On-Ramp Wireless Incorporated reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is assumed for any damages arising directly or indirectly by their use or application. The information provided in this document is provided on an “as is” basis. This document contains On-Ramp Wireless proprietary information and must be shredded when discarded. This documentation and the software described in it are copyrighted with all rights reserved. This documentation and the software may not be copied, except as otherwise provided in your software license or as expressly permitted in writing by On-Ramp Wireless, Incorporated. Any sample code herein is provided for your convenience and has not been tested or designed to work on any particular system configuration. It is provided “AS IS” and your use of this sample code, whether as provided or with any modification, is at your own risk. On-Ramp Wireless undertakes no liability or responsibility with respect to the sample code, and disclaims all warranties, express and implied, including without limitation warranties on merchantability, fitness for a specified purpose, and infringement. On-Ramp Wireless reserves all rights in the sample code, and permits use of this sample code only for educational and reference purposes. This technology and technical data may be subject to U.S. and international export, re-export or transfer (“export”) laws. Diversion contrary to U.S. and international law is strictly prohibited. Ultra-Link Processing™ is a trademark of On-Ramp Wireless. Other product and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. eNode User Manual 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 November 8, 2011
On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary iii 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 2 Ultra-Link Processing Overview .......................................................................... 2 3 Regulatory Approvals ........................................................................................... 3 3.1 Federal Communications Commission ...................................................................................... 3 3.2 Industry Canada ......................................................................................................................... 3 3.3 Usage ......................................................................................................................................... 4 3.3.1 Integrators ........................................................................................................................ 4 3.3.2 RF Exposure Statement ................................................................................................... 4 3.4 Antennas .................................................................................................................................... 4 4 eNode Interfaces ................................................................................................... 6 4.1 Hardware Interface..................................................................................................................... 6 4.1.1 SPI Slave Interface ........................................................................................................... 6 4.1.2 Pin Description ................................................................................................................. 6 4.1.3 Electrical Characteristics .................................................................................................. 7 4.1.4 eNode Dimensions ........................................................................................................... 7 4.2 Software Interface ...................................................................................................................... 9 4.3 Host Interface ............................................................................................................................. 9 4.3.1 Functional Description ...................................................................................................... 9 4.3.2 Host Interface Protocol ................................................................................................... 10 4.3.3 Signal Description ........................................................................................................... 10 4.3.4 Master Request / Slave Ready ....................................................................................... 10 4.3.5 Slave Request ................................................................................................................ 11 4.3.6 Other Signals .................................................................................................................. 11 4.3.7 SPI Interface Driver ........................................................................................................ 11 5 Software Upgrade Protocol ................................................................................ 12 5.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 12 5.2 Requirements ........................................................................................................................... 12 5.3 Notes and Recommendations .................................................................................................. 12 Appendix A Abbreviations and Terms ................................................................. 13
eNode User Manual Contents On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary iv 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 Figures Figure 1. On-Ramp Wireless ULP Network ..................................................................................... 2 Figure 2. eNode Mechanical Dimensions ........................................................................................ 8 Figure 3. eNode SPI Interface ......................................................................................................... 9 Tables Table 1. eNode Pin Description ....................................................................................................... 6 Table 2. eNode SPI Signal Definition ............................................................................................. 10
On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary v 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 Revision History Revision Release Date Change Description 01 February 12, 2010 Initial Release. 02 February 29, 2010 Updated with certification comments (Sections 4.3 and 4.4). 03 July 28, 2010 Updated for ULPENODE110. 04 September 3, 2010 Updated maximum power consumption and input voltage range. Removed UART statement. Updated formatting. 05 September 16, 2010 Applied new formatting, modified footer to include copyright statement. 06 November 4, 2010 Updated section 3.3 Usage, to include Integrators and RF Exposure statements. 07 June 20, 2011 Updated section 3.3 Usage, to include Integrators and RF Exposure statements. 08 November 8, 2011 Updated for ULPENODE120 (R11).
On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 1 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 1 Introduction This document describes On-Ramp Wireless’ Ultra-Link Processing™ (ULP) eNode and its use within a ULP wireless packet data network. It also provides information about the hardware and software interfaces. It is intended for use by customers integrating the On-Ramp Wireless’ eNode module into their sensor and location tracking systems (referred to as hosts in this document).
On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 2 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 2 Ultra-Link Processing Overview The Ultra-Link Processing ™ (ULP) wireless packet data network, comprised of eNodes and Access Points (APs) operates at a breakthrough receive-sensitivity of -142 dBm. This dramatic increase in receive sensitivity allows for a 2,000 mile wireless range in free space and 25x the range (600x the coverage) of typical wireless sensor systems while maintaining a small and low-cost form factor with multi-year battery operation. The ULP eNode is designed to easily integrate, via standard interfaces, with sensors enabling robust wireless communication with one or more Access Points interfaced with a customer’s local or wide area network. Each Access Point supports tens of thousands of sensors and can simultaneously demodulate signals from up to a 1000 sensors using a unique patented multiple access scheme. With 172 dB of total allowable path loss (FCC/IC regulatory regions) the ULP network can easily be deployed using a star topology configuration, overcoming the limitations of legacy wireless sensor networks (802.11, 802.15.4, 900 MHz FHSS) that require complicated mesh protocols to extend range or operate in a capacity limited simplex mode. Figure 1. On-Ramp Wireless ULP Network
On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 3 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 3 Regulatory Approvals The eNode has been designed to meet regulations for world-wide use. 3.1 Federal Communications Commission This device complies with part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:  Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.  Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.  Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.  Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 3.2 Industry Canada The installer of this radio equipment must ensure that the antenna is located or pointed such that it does not emit RF field in excess of Health Canada limits for the general population; consult Safety Code 6, obtainable from Heath Canada’s website http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/index-eng.php. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
eNode User Manual Regulatory Approvals On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 4 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be chosen so that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is not more than that permitted for successful communication. Canadian Two Part Warning Statement: This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement. 3.3 Usage FCC ID: XTE-ULPENODE120. IC: 8655A-ULPENODE120. This device is only authorized for use in mobile or fixed applications. To meet FCC and other national radio frequency (RF) exposure requirements, the antenna for this device must be installed to ensure a separation distance of at least 20cm (8 inches) from the antenna to a person. 3.3.1 Integrators A label showing the FCC ID and IC designators, listed above, must be affixed to the exterior of any device containing the eNode (if the eNode is not visible). The exterior label must include: Contains FCC ID: XTE-ULPENODE120, IC: 8655A-ULPENODE120. 3.3.2 RF Exposure Statement The air interface supports operation on channels in the 2402 MHz – 2476 MHz range for FCC/IC regulatory domains and 2402 MHz – 2481 MHz for the ETSI regulatory domain. Before the ULP Node becomes operational it must undergo a commissioning procedure, during which critical information required for operation is entered into the device and stored in non-volatile storage. It is during the initial commissioning procedure that the regulatory domain, under which the device will operate, is set. Subsequent configuration of the device during operation is checked against the commissioned regulatory domain and non-permitted channels or transmit power levels are rejected and the device will not transmit until a permissible configuration per the commissioned regulatory domain is set. 3.4 Antennas This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below, and having a maximum gain of 2 dBi. Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 2 dBi are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
eNode User Manual Regulatory Approvals On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 5 010-0002-00 Rev. 08  2 dBi omni-directional antenna  1 dBi omni-directional antenna
On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 6 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 4 eNode Interfaces The eNode platform provides ULP modem functionality on the client side. The eNode platform handles PHY and MAC layers (L1 and L2) for the ULP technology. The eNode platform supports interfacing over Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). The eNode easily integrates with a sensor or location tracking system using the software and hardware interfaces supported. The eNode acts as the slave device and the host board acts as the master. 4.1 Hardware Interface 4.1.1 SPI Slave Interface The SPI Slave eNode Interface provides communication with an external host via a serial peripheral interface (SPI). The host is the SPI master and the eNode is the SPI slave. In addition to the standard SPI signals, a host-to-node wakeup request, a node-to-host status and a node-to-host transmit request are included to support eNode state transitions and bi-directional message traffic. 4.1.2 Pin Description Table 1. eNode Pin Description Pin # Pin Name Pin Description Type Remark Master Slave J701, 1 RXD0 Serial 0 Receive Out In Reserved for future use. J701, 2 TXD0 Serial 0 Transmit In Out Reserved for future use. J701, 3 T_OUT TBD J701, 4 RESET eNode Reset Out In Provides the host with the ability to reset the eNode. J701, 5 SPI-CS0 SPI Chip Select Out In Used by Master to select which slave it is communicating with over SPI Bus J701, 6 SPI-SCLK Serial Clock Out In SPI Bus clock driven by master. Depending on how polarity and phase are configured, this clock’s edges indicate when the data on MISO and MOSI are valid. J701, 7 SPI-MOSI Master Out Slave In Out In SPI Bus data line in the direction of master to slave. J701, 8 SPI-MISO Master In Slave Out In Out SPI Bus data line in the direction of slave to master. J701, 9 GND J701, 10 GND
eNode User Manual eNode Interfaces On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 7 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 Pin # Pin Name Pin Description Type Remark Master Slave J703, 1 VBATT1 J703, 2 VBATT2 J703, 3 RXD1 Serial 1 Receive Reserved for future use J703, 4 TXD1 Serial 1 Transmit Reserved for future use J703, 5 GND J703, 6 SPI-MRQ Master Request Out In Driven by the master to indicate to slave that SPI activity needs to take place. If the slave is sleeping, this signal will wake it up. When the slave detects this signal high, it must respond by driving Slave Ready high. J703, 7 SPI-SRDY Slave Ready In Out Driven by the slave to indicate to the master that it is awake and ready to perform SPI Bus transactions. J703, 8 SPI-SRQ Slave Request In Out Driven by the slave to indicate that it wishes to send a message over SPI Bus to the master. This is necessary since master drives the clock and this gives the slave a way to inform the master that the slave wishes the clock to be driven. J703, 9 GND J703, 10 GND 4.1.3 Electrical Characteristics  Module signals are defined as CMOS compatible 3V levels. The actual 3V levels could be between 3.0V and 3.6V.  The eNode board converts the input voltage (VBATT) to its own required voltage levels. The input voltage range is 2.6V to 5.5V.  The board can consume 2.5 watts during transmission, its maximum power mode. The power supply to the eNode must be able to supply enough current at a given operating voltage to provide 2.5 watts.  The eNode is designed to operate over a range of -40C to +85C ambient temperature.  SPI signals are part of the 7-wire SPI interface system 4.1.4 eNode Dimensions The following figure provides the eNode dimensions.
eNode User Manual eNode Interfaces On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 8 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 Figure 2. eNode Mechanical Dimensions
eNode User Manual eNode Interfaces On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 9 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 4.2 Software Interface On-Ramp Wireless’ eNode platform’s Software Interface includes the node resident SPI driver for the Interface Hardware and the node resident messaging application. While the driver enables the hardware for data transfer, the messaging application implements user-level messages which enable the host to control the behavior of the node. Using these messages the host can control the eNode all the way from integration to deployment, including commissioning and configuration. The SPI driver initializes and manages the SPI hardware. Together with SPI hardware, the driver implements the SPI interface. On-Ramp Wireless’ SPI Interface has additional features that support sleep requests and wake-up requests. The host interface provides functionality described in next section. The host interface layer is hardware independent and can run on SPI. NOTE: The SPI Master driver and Host Interface Protocol application on the host need to be developed by the owner of the host. They are not provided by On-Ramp Wireless. Some sample code is available. ULP NodeHostSPI Slave DriverUART DriverHost InterfaceSPI Master Driver UART DriverHost Interface Protocol ApplicationSensor or Meter Reading ApplicationMACPHYRF Figure 3. eNode SPI Interface 4.3 Host Interface 4.3.1 Functional Description The host interface supports the higher layer messages for:  Commissioning the eNode from the host  Configuring the eNode from the host  Controlling the startup and steady state behavior of the eNode
eNode User Manual eNode Interfaces On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 10 010-0002-00 Rev. 08  Transferring payload data to and from the host  Upgrading the Software on the eNode. [Future releases]  Executing a set of diagnostic tests on the eNode. [Future releases]  Collecting debug data from the eNode. [Future releases] The messages can be broadly classified as Debug, Configuration, and User Data messages. 4.3.2 Host Interface Protocol On-Ramp Wireless’ ULP eNode’s host interface supports reliable transfer of messages between the host and eNode over SPI. To support this functionality:  Explicit ‘Connect’ and ‘Disconnect’ messages are supported.  Each host-to-node message is acknowledged. This is useful in reliability and also for back-pressure, where the host needs to slow down or stop sending messages to the eNode. The node-to-host messages do not have any acknowledgements. The eNode will not wait for acknowledgements. The eNode expects the host to be able to receive all messages and keep up with the eNode.  For the SPI interface, the host (being the SPI master) is expected to be fast enough so as to not block various operations at the eNode. If this is violated, the eNode will miss RX/TX events. The SPI driver provides methods for basic bit/byte transport. To do that there are SPI message requests, SPI message headers and SPI payload. The SPI payload contains the host interface message. 4.3.3 Signal Description Table 2. eNode SPI Signal Definition Pin Name Pin Description Type Master Slave MISO Master In Slave Out In Out MOSI Master Out Slave In Out In SCLK Serial Clock Out In SS Slave Select Out In MRQ Master Request Out In SRDY Slave Ready In Out SRQ Slave Request In Out 4.3.4 Master Request / Slave Ready Before initiating transfers to and from the node, the host must ensure the node is awake and ready to receive SPI traffic by driving MRQ high and waiting for the node SPI slave to drive SRDY
eNode User Manual eNode Interfaces On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 11 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 high. A high level on MRQ will wake up a sleeping node and will prevent the node from going back to sleep. 4.3.5 Slave Request The node requests a message transfer from node-to-host by driving the SRQ high. Hosts that support bi-directional SPI traffic respond to SRQ by sending a message request to the node after the completion of any ongoing transfers. 4.3.6 Other Signals Other signals (i.e., MISO, MOSI, SCLK, SS) are as per SPI Standard. 4.3.7 SPI Interface Driver The node SPI Slave Interface software driver provides a messaging protocol for interfacing to a host device running an On-Ramp Wireless host SPI master driver and for interfacing to a device running its own driver. The On-Ramp Wireless host SPI master driver uses a messaging protocol that is active only after the host has completed an arbitration sequence. This allows the node to pass traffic across the SPI interface to both a host and a non-host device.
On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 12 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 5 Software Upgrade Protocol 5.1 Overview The node supports upgrading of its software via the host SPI interface. This mechanism allows a host which has access to a new software image to transfer the image to an attached node in small pieces and have them written to flash. After the entire image has been transferred the node is powered cycled to boot the new software image. 5.2 Requirements The node must be in the idle state when a software upgrade is attempted. The duration of an upgrade cycle is dependent on the host but is at least 180 seconds. Power must be maintained during an upgrade cycle. Power loss during an upgrade cycle will result in a non-functional node. 5.3 Notes and Recommendations  The eNode processor is based on ARM and hence Little Endian.  At the SPI interface level:  Arbitration typically needs to be done at startup and after exiting from deep sleep modes. In addition to the normal case, the eNode supports arbitration at-will. When the host initiates arbitration, the eNode will comply. This could be used to exit out of error conditions.  eNode-to-host communication takes priority over host-to-eNode, as there are buffers with limited sizes on the eNode. Buffer overflows could cause unspecified results at the eNode. When there is a race condition between host-to-eNode and eNode-to-host data transfer initiation, then the eNode-to-host is given priority. However, if a host-to-eNode transfer is in progress, then the eNode waits for the transfer to complete.
On-Ramp Wireless Confidential and Proprietary 13 010-0002-00 Rev. 08 Appendix A Abbreviations and Terms Abbreviation/Term Definition AP Access Point. The ULP network component geographically deployed over a territory. EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power eNode A small form factor wireless network module that works in combination with various devices and sensors. Also referred to as Node. ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute FCC Federal Communications Commission IC Industry Canada MISO Master In Slave Out MOSI Master Out Slave In MRQ Master Request NMS Network Management System NOC Network Operating Center Node Also known as eNode. The generic term often used interchangeably with eNode. RF Radio Frequency RX Receive / Receiver SCLK Serial Clock SPI Serial Peripheral Interface SRDY Slave Ready SRQ Slave Request SS Slave Select TX Transmit / Transmitter ULP Ultra-Link Processing™. The On-Ramp Wireless proprietary wireless communication technology.

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