NS3562 8P 2S User Manual 1073225b
2019-03-05
: Interlogix 1073225B-Ns3562-8P-2S-User-Manual 1073225b-ns3562-8p-2s-user-manual library
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NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
P/N 1073225-EN • REV B • ISS 01MAR19
Copyright
©
2019 United Technologies Corporation.
Interlogix is part of UTC
Climate, Controls & Security, a unit of United Technologies
Corporation
. All rights reserved.
Trademarks an
d patents
Trade names used in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of the
manufacturers or vendors of the respective products.
Manufacturer
Interlogix
2955 Red Hill Avenue, Costa Mesa, CA 92626
-5923, USA
Authorized EU manufacturing r
epresentative:
UTC Fire & Security B.V.
Kelvinstraat 7, 6003 DH Weert, The Netherlands
Version
This document applies to
NS3562-8P-2S.
FCC compliance
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operati
on is subject to the following
two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device
must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
FCC compliance
Class A:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a resident
ial area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the
user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Canada
This Class A digital apparatus complies with CAN ICES
-003 (A)/NMB-3 (A).
Cet appareil numérique de la classe
A est conforme à la norme CAN ICES-003
(A)/NMB
-3 (A).
ACMA compliance
Notice!
This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause
radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Certification
EU directives
This product and
- if applicable - the supplied accessories too are marked with "CE" and
comply therefore with the applicable harmonized European standards listed under the
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU, the RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU.
2012/19
/EU (WEEE directive): Products marked with this symbol cannot be disposed of
as unsorted municipal waste in the European Union. For proper recycling, return this
product to your local supplier upon the purchase of equivalent new equipment, or
disp
ose of it at designated collection points. For more information see:
www.recyclethis.info.
Product warnings and
disclaimers
THESE PRODUCTS ARE INTENDED FOR SALE TO AND INSTALLATION BY
QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS. UTC FIRE & SECURITY CANNOT PROVIDE ANY
ASSURA
NCE THAT ANY PERSON OR ENTITY BUYING ITS PRODUCTS,
INCLUDING ANY “AUTHORIZED DEALER” OR “AUTHORIZED RESELLER”, IS
PROPERLY TRAINED OR EXPERIENCED TO CORRECTLY INSTALL FIRE AND
SECURITY RELATED PRODUCTS
.
For more information on warranty disclaimers and prod
uct safety information, please
check
www.firesecurityproducts.com/policy/product-warning/ or scan the following code:
Contact information and
manuals
For contact information go to:
www.interlogix.com or www.firesecurityproducts.com.
To get translati
ons for this and other product manuals go to:
www.firesecurityproducts.com
.
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 1
Content
Important information 3
Chapter 1 Introduction 4
Package contents 4
Product description 4
Product features 8
Product specifications 11
Chapter 2 Installation 16
Hardware description 16
Installing the industrial managed switch 20
Cabling 22
Chapter 3 Switch management 28
Requirements 28
Management access overview 28
Web management 29
SNMP-based network management 30
Smart discovery utility 30
Chapter 4 Web configuration 32
Main web page 33
System 37
Port management 57
Link aggregation 69
VLAN 77
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 99
Multicast 112
Quality of Service (QoS) 130
Security 139
Access Control Lists (ACL) 174
MAC address table 185
LLDP 187
Diagnostics 198
RMON 202
Power over Ethernet (PoE) 209
Maintenance 217
Chapter 5 Switch operation 221
Address table 221
Learning 221
Forwarding and filtering 221
Store-and-forward 221
Auto-negotiation 222
2 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Chapter 6 PoE overview 223
What is PoE? 223
PoE system architecture 223
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting 225
Appendix A Networking connection 226
Glossary 228
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 3
Important information
Limitation of liability
To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event will UTCFS be liable
for any lost profits or business opportunities, loss of use, business interruption, loss of
data, or any other indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages under any
theory of liability, whether based in contract, tort, negligence, product liability, or
otherwise. Because some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability
for consequential or incidental damages the preceding limitation may not apply to you.
In any event the total liability of UTCFS shall not exceed the purchase price of the
product. The foregoing limitation will apply to the maximum extent permitted by
applicable law, regardless of whether UTCFS has been advised of the possibility of
such damages and regardless of whether any remedy fails of its essential purpose.
Installation in accordance with this manual, applicable codes, and the instructions of the
authority having jurisdiction is mandatory.
While every precaution has been taken during the preparation of this manual to ensure
the accuracy of its contents, UTCFS assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions.
Advisory messages
Advisory messages alert you to conditions or practices that can cause unwanted
results. The advisory messages used in this document are shown and described below.
WARNING: Warning messages advise you of hazards that could result in injury or loss
of life. They tell you which actions to take or to avoid in order to prevent the injury or
loss of life.
Caution: Caution messages advise you of possible equipment damage. They tell you
which actions to take or to avoid in order to prevent damage.
Note: Note messages advise you of the possible loss of time or effort. They describe
how to avoid the loss. Notes are also used to point out important information that you
should read.
4 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Chapter 1
Introduction
The description of the IFS NS3562-8P-2S model is as follows:
Industrial L2+ 8-port 10/100/1000T 802.3at PoE+
+ 2-port 100/1000X SFP wall-mount managed switch
Unless specified, the term “industrial managed switch” mentioned in this user manual
refers to the NS3562-8P-2S.
Package contents
Open the box of the industrial managed switch and carefully unpack it. The box should
contain the following items:
The industrial managed switch × 1
Quick installation guide × 1
3-pin terminal block connector × 1
DIN rail kit × 1
Wall mounting kit × 1
Magnet kit × 1
SFP dust-proof cap × 2
RJ45 dust-proof cap × 8
If any of these are missing or damaged, contact your dealer immediately. If possible,
retain the carton including the original packing materials for repacking the product in
case there is a need to return it to us for repair.
Product description
Easily deployed and expanded network
Designed to be installed in a wall enclosure or simply mounted on a wall in any
convenient location, this innovative, wall-mount industrial managed Gigabit Ethernet
Chapter 1: Introduction
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 5
switch offers IPv6/IPv4 dual stack management, intelligent Layer 2 management
functions, and a user-friendly interface. The IFS managed series is able to operate
reliably, stably, and quietly in any environment without affecting its performance.
Featuring ultra networking speed and an operating temperature ranging from -40 to
75°C in a compact but rugged IP30 metal housing, the IFS managed series is an ideal
solution to meeting the demand for the following network applications:
• Building/Home automation network
• Internet of things (IoT)
• IP surveillance
• Wireless LAN
Innovative wall-mount installation
The IFS managed series is specially designed to be installed in a narrow environment,
such as wall enclosure or electric weak box. The compact, flat, and wall-mounted
design fits easily in any space-limited location. It adopts the user-friendly “Front Access”
design, making the installing, cable wiring, LED monitoring, and maintenance of the
wall-mount managed switch placed in an enclosure convenient for technicians. The IFS
managed series can be installed by fixed wall mounting, magnetic wall mounting, or
DIN rail, thereby making its usability more flexible.
IPv6/IPv4 dual stack
Supporting both IPv6 and IPv4 protocols, the industrial managed switch helps SMBs to
step into the IPv6 era with a low investment as its network facilities need not be
replaced or overhauled with the setup of IPv6 FTTx edge networks.
Robust layer 2 features
The industrial managed switch can be programmed for advanced switch management
functions such as dynamic port link aggregation, 802.1Q VLAN and Q-in-Q VLAN,
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP), Loop and BPDU Guard, and IGMP / MLD
snooping. The industrial managed switch allows the operation of a high-speed trunk
combining multiple ports such as a 16 Gbps fat pipe, and also supports fail-over. Also,
the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is the Layer 2 protocol included to help
discover basic information about neighboring devices on the local broadcast domain.
Chapter 1: Introduction
6 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Efficient traffic control
The IFS managed series is loaded with robust QoS features and powerful traffic
management to enhance services to business-class data, voice, and video solutions.
The functionality includes broadcast / multicast storm control, per port bandwidth
control, IP DSCP QoS priority, and remarking. It guarantees the best performance for
VoIP and video stream transmission, and empowers enterprises to take full advantage
of limited network resources.
Powerful security
The industrial switches offer comprehensive layer 2 to layer 4 access control list (ACL)
for enforcing security to the edge. It can be used to restrict to network access by
denying packets based on source and destination IP address, TCP/UDP port number,
or defined typical network applications. Its protection mechanism also comprises
802.1X port-based user and device authentication, which can be deployed with
RADIUS to ensure the port level security and block illegal users. With the Protected
Port function, communication between edge ports can be prevented to guarantee user
privacy. Furthermore, the Port Security function allows limiting the number of network
devices on a given port.
Efficient management
For efficient management, the industrial managed switches are equipped with console,
web, and SNMP management interfaces. With the built-in web-based management
interface, the managed industrial switch offers an easy-to-use, platform-independent
management and configuration facility. It supports standard Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) and can be managed by any management software. For
text-based management mode, the indutrial managed switch can be accessed via
Telnet and the console port. Moreover, the industrial managed switches offer secure
management remotely by supporting SSH, SSL, and SNMP v3 connections where the
packet content can be encrypted at each session.
Built-in unique PoE functions for powered devices management
As a managed PoE switch for surveillance, wireless, and VoIP networks, the IFS PoE
managed series features special PoE management functions:
• PD alive check
• Scheduled power recycling
• PoE schedule
• PoE usage monitoring
Intelligent powered device alive check
The industrial managed switch can be configured to monitor connected PD status in
real time via a ping action. After the PD stops working and responding, the industrial
managed switch resumes the PoE port power and puts the PD back to work. The
industrial managed switch greatly enhances the network reliability through the PoE port
resetting the PD’s power source and reducing the administrator management burden.
Chapter 1: Introduction
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 7
Scheduled power recycling
The IFS PoE managed series allows each of the connected PoE IP cameras or PoE
wireless access points to reboot at a specific time each week. This reduces the chance
of an IP camera or AP crash resulting from buffer overflow.
PoE schedule for energy saving
Under the trend of energy saving worldwide and contributing to environmental
protection, the industrial managed switch can effectively control the power supply in
addition to its capability of provideing high Watt power. The “PoE schedule” function
helps you to enable or disable PoE power feeding for each PoE port during specified
time intervals, and is a powerful function to help SMBs or enterprises save power and
money. It also increases security by powering off PDs that should not be in use during
non-business hours.
Chapter 1: Introduction
8 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
PoE usage monitoring
Via the power usage chart in the web management interface, the IFS PoE managed
series enables the administrator to monitor the status of the power usage of the
connected PDs in real time. Thus, it greatly enhances the management efficiency of the
facilities..
Intelligent SFP diagnostic mechanism
The industrial managed switch series supports a SFP-DDM (Digital Diagnostic Monitor)
function that can easily monitor real-time parameters of the SFP transceivers, such as
optical output power, optical input power, temperature, laser bias current, and
transceiver supply voltage.
Flexible and extendable solution
The industrial managed switch features 100BASE-FX and 1000BASE-SX/LX SFP
(Small Form-factor Pluggable) fiber-optic modules, meaning the administrator now can
flexibly choose the suitable SFP transceiver according to the transmission distance or
the transmission speed required to extend the network efficiently.
Product features
Physical port
• 10/100/1000BASE-T gigabit RJ45 copper
• 100/1000BASE-X mini-GBIC/SFP slots
Power over Ethernet
• Complies with IEEE 802.3at High Power over Ethernet end-span/mid-span PSE.
• Complies with IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet end-span PSE.
• IEEE 802.3af/IEEE 802.3at devices powered.
• Supports PoE power up to 36 W for each PoE port.
Chapter 1: Introduction
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 9
• Auto detects powered device (PD).
• Circuit protection prevents power interference between ports.
• Remote power feeding up to 100 meters.
• PoE management:
• Total PoE power budget control
• Per port PoE function enable/disable
• PoE port power feeding priority
• Per PoE port power limitation
• PD classification detection
• Intelligent PoE features:
• PD alive check
• PoE schedule
Layer 2 features
• High performance of Store-and-Forward architecture and runt/CRC filtering
eliminates erroneous packets to optimize the network bandwidth.
Storm control support:
• Broadcast / Multicast / Unknown-Unicast
Supports VLAN
• IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN
• Provider bridging (VLAN Q-in-Q) support (IEEE 802.1ad)
• Private VLAN
• Protocol-based VLAN
• MAC-based VLAN
• Voice VLAN
• Management VLAN
• GVRP
Supports STP
• STP, IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol
• RSTP, IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
• MSTP, IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol, spanning tree by VLAN
• BPDU Guard
Supports link aggregation
• IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
Chapter 1: Introduction
10 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
• Cisco ether-channel (static trunk)
• Provides port mirror (many-to-1)
• Loop protection to avoid broadcast loops
Quality of Service
• Ingress shaper and egress rate limit per port bandwidth control
• Storm control support
- Broadcast/unknown unicast/unknown multicast
• Traffic classification:
- IEEE 802.1p CoS
- TOS / DSCP / IP Precedence of IPv4/IPv6 packets
• Strict priority and Weighted Round Robin (WRR) CoS policies
Multicast
• Supports IGMP snooping v1, v2, and v3
• Supports MLD snooping v1 and v2
• Querier mode support
• IGMP snooping port filtering
• MLD snooping port filtering
Security
• Authentication
− IEEE 802.1x Port-Based / MAC-Based network access authentication
− Built-in RADIUS client to co-operate with the RADIUS servers
− TACACS+ login users access authentication
− RADIUS / TACACS+ users access authentication
• Access Control List (ACL)
− IP-based ACL
− MAC-based ACL
• Source MAC / IP address binding
• DHCP snooping to filter distrusted DHCP messages
• Dynamic ARP inspection discards ARP packets with invalid MAC addresses to IP
address binding.
• IP source guard prevents IP spoofing attacks.
• Auto DoS rule to defend against DoS attacks.
• IP address access management to prevent unauthorized intruders.
Chapter 1: Introduction
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 11
Management
• IPv4 and IPv6 dual stack management
• Switch management interfaces:
• − Console / Telnet Command Line Interface
• − Web switch management
• − SNMP v1 and v2c switch management
• − SSH / SSL and SNMP v3 secure access
• Built-in Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) client
• System maintenance
• - Firmware upload/download via HTTP / TFTP
• - Dual images
• - Reset button for system reboot or reset to factory default
• Four RMON groups (history, statistics, alarms, and events)
• BOOTP and DHCP for IP address assignment
• User privilege levels control
• Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) and LLDP-MED
• Smart discovery utility for deploy management
• SNMP trap for interface Link Up and Link Down notification
• Smart fan with speed control
• Cable diagnostics
• Event message logging to remote Syslog server
Product specifications
Hardware Specifi
cations
Copper
Ports
Eight
10/100/1000BASE-T RJ45 auto-MDI/MDI-X ports
SFP
+ Slots
Two
100/1000BASE- X SFP interfaces
Supports 100/1000Mbps dual mode and DDM
PoE Injector Ports
Eight
ports with 802.3at/af PoE injector function (Port-1 to Port-8)
Swit
ch Architecture
Store
-and-Forward
Switch
Fabric
2
0 Gbps / non-blocking
Throughput
14.8
Mpps @ 64 bytes
Address Table
8
K entries
Share
d Data Buffer
4
.1 Mbits
Chapter 1: Introduction
12 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Flow Control
IEEE 802.3x
pause frame for full-duplex
Back pressure for
half-duplex
Jumbo
Frame
10
Kb
Reset Button
< 5 seconds: System reboot
>
5 seconds: Factory Default
Enclosure
Metal
Installation
DIN rail kit
, wall-mount, and magnetic wall mount
Dimensions (W×
D×H)
178
× 25 × 134 mm
Weight
640
g
Connector
Removable
3-pin terminal block for power input
-
Pin 1/2 for Power (Pin 1: V+ / Pin 2: V-)
-
Pin 3 for earth ground
DC power jack with 2.0 mm central pole
LED
System:
Power (Green)
P
oE Ports:
PoE-in-Use (Orange)
LNK/ACT (Green)
LAN Port
:
100 LNK/ACT (Orange)
1000 LNK/ACT (Green)
Power Requirement
48~56 VDC, 5A (max.) terminal block power input
48~56 DC, 5A (max.) DC jack power input
Note
: These two power input interfaces don’t support the power redundant
feature.
Power
Consumption
Max 210 W / 716 BTU
ESD Protection
Contact discharge:
6K VDC
Air discharge: 8K VDC
Power Over Ethernet
Chapter 1: Introduction
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 13
PoE Standard
IEEE 802.3af/IEEE 802.3at Power over Ethernet/PSE
PoE Power Supply Type
End
-span
PoE Power Output
IEEE 802.3af Standard
-
Per port 48~56 VDC (depending on the power supply), max. 15.4 W
IEEE 802.3at Standard
-
Per port 50~56 VDC (depending on the power supply), max. 36 W
Power Pin Assignment
1/2(+), 3/6(
-)
PoE Power Budget
200
W (depending on power input)
Max. number of Class 2 PDs
8
Max. number of Class 3 PDs
8
Max. n
umber of Class 4 PDs
7
Layer 2
Functions
Basic Management Interfaces
Telnet; Web browser; SNMP v1, v2c
Up to 256 VLAN groups, out of 4094 VLAN IDs
802.1ad Q
-in-Q tunneling (VLAN stacking)
Voice VLAN
Protocol VLAN
Private VLAN (Protected port)
GVRP
Manag
ement VLAN
Secure Management
Interfaces
SSH, SSL, SNMP v3
Port Mirroring
TX / RX / both
1
-to-1 monitor
VLAN
802.1Q tagged
-based VLAN
Up to 256 VLAN groups, out of 4094 VLAN IDs
802.1ad Q
-in-Q tunneling (VLAN stacking)
Voice VLAN
Protocol VLAN
Private
VLAN (Protected port)
GVRP
Management VLAN
Link Aggregation
IEEE 802.3ad LACP
/static trunk
Four
groups with four ports per trunk
QoS
Traffic classification based,
strict priority and WRR
8
-level priority for switching
–
Port number
–
802.1p priority
–
802.1Q VLAN tag
–
DSCP/ToS field in IP packet
IGMP Snooping
IGMP (v1/v2
/v3) snooping, up to 256 multicast groups
Chapter 1: Introduction
14 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
IGMP querier mode support
MLD Snooping
MLD (v1/v2)
snooping, up to 255 multicast groups
MLD
querier mode support
Access Control List
IP
-based ACL / MAC-based ACL
Bandwidth Control
Ingress/egress limit p
er port bandwidth control
Standards Conformance
Regulation Compliance
FCC Part 15 Class A, CE
Stability Testing
IEC60068
-2-32 (free fall)
IEC60068
-2-27 (shock)
IEC60068
-2-6 (vibration)
St
andards Compliance
IEEE 802.3 10BASE
-T
IEEE 802.3u 100BASE
-TX/100BASE-FX
IEEE 802.3z Gigabit SX/LX
IEEE 802.3ab Gigabit 1000BASE
-T
IEEE 802.3x Flow Control and Back Pressure
IEEE 802.3ad Port Trunk with LACP
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol
IEEE 802.1w
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
IEEE 802.1p Class of Service
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging
IEEE 802.1x Port Authentication Network Control
IEEE 802.1ab LLDP
RFC 768 UDP
RFC 793 TFTP
RFC 791 IP
RFC 792 ICMP
RFC 2068 HTTP
RFC 1112 IGMP version 1
RFC 2236 IGMP version 2
RFC 3376 IGMP version 3
RFC 2710 MLD version 1
FRC 3810 MLD version 2
SNMP MIBs
RFC 1213 MIB
-II
RFC 1215 Generic Traps
RFC 1493 Bridge MIB
RFC 2674 Bridge MIB Extensions
RFC 2737 Entity MIB (version 2)
RFC 2
819 RMON (1, 2, 3, 9)
RFC 2863 Interface Group MIB
RFC 3635 Ethernet
-like MIB
Environment
Operating
Temperature:
-40 to 75°C
Chapter 1: Introduction
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 15
Relative Humidity: 5 to 95% (non-condensing)
Storage
Temperature:
-40 to 75°C
Relative Humidity:
5 to 95% (non-condensing)
16 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Chapter 2
Installation
This section describes the hardware features of the industrial managed switch. For
easier management and control of the industrial managed switch, familiarize yourself
with its display indicators and ports. Front panel illustrations in this chapter display the
unit LED indicators. Before connecting any network device to the industrial managed
switch, please read this chapter completely.
Hardware description
The industrial managed switch provides three different running speeds – 10Mbps,
100Mbps, and 1000Mbps, and automatically distinguishes the speed of the incoming
connection.
Chapter 2: Installation
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 17
Physical dimensions
Dimensions (W x D x H): 178 x 25 x 134 mm
Chapter 2: Installation
18 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Front panel
Gigabit TP interface
10/100/1000BASE-T copper, RJ45 twisted-pair: Up to 100 meters.
SFP slot
100/1000BASE-X mini-GBIC slot, SFP (Small-form Factor Pluggable) transceiver
module: From 550 meters to 2 km (multi-mode fiber) and to 10/20/30/40/50/70/120
kilometers (single-mode fiber).
AC/DC power receptacle
The industrial managed switch features a strong dual power input system (terminal
block and DC jack) incorporated into customer’s automation network to enhance
system reliability and uptime.
3-pin Terminal Block DC Jack
Power Input Range
48~56 VDC 48~56 VDC
To install the 3-pin terminal block connector on the wall-mount managed switch:
1. Insert the positive DC power wire into V+, negative DC power wire into V-, and the
grounding wire into Ground.
Chapter 2: Installation
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 19
2. Tighten the wire-clamp screws to prevent the wires from loosening.
Power Notice: In some areas, installing a surge suppression device may also help to
protect your Managed Switch from being damaged by unregulated surge or current to
the Managed Switch.
Reset button
Located on the left side of the front panel, the reset button is designed to reboot the
industrial managed switch without turning the power off and on. The following is the
summary table of the reset button functions:
Reset b
utton pressed and released Function
< 5 seconds: S
ystem reboot Reboots the industrial managed switch
> 5 seconds: F
actory default Resets the industrial managed switch to factory default
configuration. The switch then reboots and loads the default
settings as shown below:
Default Username: admin
Default Password: admin
Default IP address: 192.168.0.100
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.0.254
LED indicators
The front panel LEDs indicate port link status, data activity, and system power.
System
LED
Color Function
PWR
Green Lit: indicates that the switch has power.
Blinking: indicates the system of the switch is booting.
Per 10/100/1000BASE-T interfaces (Port-1 to Port-8)
LED Color Function
LNK/ACT
Green Lit: indicates that the link through that port is successfully
established.
Blinking: indicates that the switch is actively sending or
receiving data over that port.
PoE Orange Lit: indicates that the port is providing DC in-line power.
Blinking: indicates that the connected device is not a PoE
Powered Device (PD).
Per 100/1000X SFP interface (Port-9 to Port-10)
LED Color Function
1000 LNK/ACT Green Lit: indicates the port has successfully connected to the
network at 1000 Mbps.
Blinking: indicates that the switch is actively sending or
Chapter 2: Installation
20 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
receiving data over that port.
100 LNK/ACT Orange Lit: indicates the port has successfully connected to the
network at 100 Mbps.
Blinking: indicates that the switch is actively sending or
receiving data over that port.
Installing the industrial managed switch
This section describes how to install and make connections to the industrial managed
switch. Read the following topics and perform the procedures in the order presented.
Mounting
There are three methods to install the industrial managed switch: DIN-rail mounting,
magnetic mounting, and wall-mount mounting. Please read the following topics and
perform the procedures in the order presented.
Note: Ensure that the industrial managed switch is mounted vertically with the air holes
on the top and a minimum of three inches above and below the switch to allow for
proper air flow. This device uses a convection flow of hot air which rises and brings cold
air in from the bottom and out of the top of the device. Do not mount the switch
horizontally as this does not allow air to flow up into the device and will result in
damage to the switch. Do not tie DC1 to DC2. DC2 is for secondary power redundancy.
Do not plug DC power into the device while the AC power cord is plugged in. This is not
a hot-swappable switch. Hot-swapping this device will result in damage.
DIN-rail mounting
Note: Follow all the DIN-rail installation steps as shown in the example.
To install the DIN rails on the industrial managed switch:
1. Screw the DIN-rail onto the industrial managed switch.
Chapter 2: Installation
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 21
2. Carefully slide the DIN-rail into the track.
3. Ensure that the DIN-rail is tightly attached to the track.
Wall mount plate mounting
Note: Follow all the wall mount plate installation steps as shown in the example.
To install the industrial managed switch on the wall:
1. Drill four 8 mm diameter holes in the wall, with a horizontal distance of 163 mm
between each.
2. Install a conductor pipe inside the board hole and flush the edge of the conductor
pipe with the wall surface.
3. Screw the bolts into the conductor pipe. The switch is between the bolts and the
conductor pipe, as shown below.
Chapter 2: Installation
22 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
To install the industrial managed switch on a magnetic surface:
Cabling
10/100/1000BASE-T
All 10/100/1000BASE-T ports come with auto-negotiation capability. They automatically
support 1000BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 10BASE-T networks. Users only need to plug
a working network device into one of the 10/100/1000BASE-T ports, and then turn on
the industrial managed switch. The port will automatically run in 10 Mbps, 20 Mbps, 100
Mbps, or 200 Mbps, and 1000 Mbps or 2000 Mbps after negotiating with the connected
device.
Chapter 2: Installation
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 23
100BASE-FX/1000BASE-SX/LX
The industrial managed switch has four SFP interfaces that support 100/1000 Mbps
dual speed mode (optional multi-mode/single-mode 100BASE-FX/1000BASE-SX/LX
SFP module)
Cabling
Each 10/100/1000BASE-T port uses an RJ45 socket (similar to phone jacks) for
connection of unshielded twisted-pair cable (UTP). The IEEE 802.3/802.3u 802.3ab
Fast/Gigabit Ethernet standard requires Category 5 UTP for 100 Mbps 100BASE-TX.
10BASE-T networks can use Cat.3, 4, 5, or 1000BASE-T use 5/5e/6 UTP (see table
below). Maximum distance is 100 meters (328 feet). The 100BASE-FX/1000BASE-
SX/LX SFP slot uses an LC connector with optional SFP module. The table below
provides cable specification details.
Port Type
Cable Type Connector
10
BASE-T Cat3, 4, 5, 2-pair RJ45
1
00BASE-TX Cat5 UTP, 2-pair RJ45
100
0BASE-T Cat5/5e/6 UTP, 2-pair RJ45
100BASE
-FX 50/125 µm or 62.5/125 µm multi-mode 9/125 µm single-
mode LC (multi/single mode)
1000BASE
-SX/LX 50/125 µm or 62.5/125 µm multi-mode 9/125 µm single-
mode LC (multi/single mode)
Ethernet devices like hubs and PCs can connect to the industrial managed switch by
using straight-through wires. The two 10/100/1000Mbps ports are auto-MDI/MDI-X and
can be used on straight-through or crossover cable.
Installing the SFP/SFP+ transceiver
SFP transceivers are hot-pluggable and hot-swappable. They can be plugged in and
removed to/from any SFP port without having to power down the industrial managed
switch (see below).
Chapter 2: Installation
24 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Approved Interlogix SFP transceivers
The industrial managed switch supports both single mode and multi-mode SFP
transceivers. The following list of approved Interlogix SFP transceivers is valid as of the
time of publication:
Part # Fiber
Connector
# of
Fibers
Fiber
Type
Max
Distance
Wave
Length
Optical
Budget
(dBm)
Optical
Power
(dBm)
Receiver
Sensitivity
(dBm)
Operating
Temperature
Twisted Pair SFP 1000Base TX
S30-RJ RJ 45 1 Cat5e 100M
(328 ft.)
0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
Fast Ethernet 100Base FX
S20-2MLC2 LC 2 Multi-
mode
2 km
(1.2 mi.) 1310 nm 12 -20 ~ -14 -32 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S25-2MLC2 LC 2 Multi-
mode
2 km
(1.2 mi.) 1310 nm 12 -20 ~ -14 -32
-40 to +75°C
(-40 to
167°F)
Fast Ethernet 100Base LX
S20-2SLC20 LC 2 Single
Mode
20 km
(12 mi.) 1310 nm 19 -15 ~ -8 -34 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S25-2SLC20 LC 2 Single
Mode
20 km
(12 mi.) 1310 nm 19 -15 ~ -8 -34 -40 to +75°C
(-40 to 167°F)
Fast Ethernet 100Base BX
S20-1SLC/A-
20 LC 1 Single
Mode
20 km
(12 mi.)
1310 /
1550 nm 18 -14 ~ -8 -32 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S25-1SLC/B-
20 LC 1 Single
Mode
20 km
(12 mi.)
1550 /
1310 nm 18 -14 ~ -8 -32 -40 to +75°C
(-40 to 167°F)
Chapter 2: Installation
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 25
Part # Fiber
Connector
# of
Fibers
Fiber
Type
Max
Distance
Wave
Length
Optical
Budget
(dBm)
Optical
Power
(dBm)
Receiver
Sensitivity
(dBm)
Operating
Temperature
Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base SX
S30-2MLC LC 2 Multi-
mode
220/550 m
(720 /
1800 ft.)
850 nm 7.5 -9.5 ~ -1 -17 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F
S35-2MLC LC 2 Multi-
mode
220/550 m
(720 /
1800 ft.)
850 nm 7.5 -14 ~ -8 -17 -40 to +75°C
(-40 to 167°F)
OM1 Multimode fiber @ 200/500 MHz-km
OM2 Multimode fiber @ 500.500 MHZ-km Laser Rated for GbE LANs
S30-2MLC-2 LC 2 Multi-
mode
2 km
(1.2 mi.) 1310 nm 10 -9 ~ -1 -19 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
OM3 Multimode fiber @ 2000/500MHz-km Optimized got 850 nm VCSELs
Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Base LX
S30-2SLC-
10 LC 2 Single
Mode
10 km
(6.2 mi.) 1310 nm 18 -9.5 ~ -3 -20 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S35-2SLC-
10 LC 2 Single
Mode
10 km
(6.2 mi.) 1310 nm 18 -9.5 ~ -3 -20 -40 to +75°C
(-40 to 167°F)
S30-2SLC-
30 LC 2 Single
Mode
30 km
(18.6 mi.) 1310 nm 18 -2 ~ +3 -23 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S35-2SLC-
30 LC 2 Single
Mode
30 km
(18.6 mi.) 1310 nm 18 -2 ~ +3 -23 -40 to +75°C
(-40 to 167°F)
Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Base ZX
S30-2SLC-
70 LC 2 Single
Mode
70 km
(43 mi.) 1550 nm 19* -15 ~ -8 -34 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S35-2SLC-
70 LC 2 Single
Mode
70 km
(43 mi.) 1550 nm 19* -15 ~ -8 -34 -40 to +75°C
(-40 to 167°F)
Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Base BX
S30-1SLC/A-
10 LC 1 Single
Mode
10 km
(6.2 mi.)
1310 /
1490 nm 11 -9 ~ -3 -20 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S30-1SLC/B-
10 LC 1 Single
Mode
10 km
(6.2 mi.)
1490 /
1310 nm 11 -9 ~ -3 -20 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S30-1SLC/A-
20 LC 1 Single
Mode
20 km
(12 mi.)
1310 /
1490 nm 15 -8 ~ -2 -23 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S30-1SLC/B-
20 LC 1 Single
Mode
20 km
(12 mi.)
1490 /
1310 nm 15 -8 ~ -2 -23 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Base BX
Chapter 2: Installation
26 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Part # Fiber
Connector
# of
Fibers
Fiber
Type
Max
Distance
Wave
Length
Optical
Budget
(dBm)
Optical
Power
(dBm)
Receiver
Sensitivity
(dBm)
Operating
Temperature
S30-1SLC/A-
60 LC 1 Single
Mode
60 km
(37 mi.)
1310 /
1490 nm 24 0 ~ +5 -24 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
S30-1SLC/B-
60 LC 1 Single
Mode
60 km
(37 mi.)
1490 /
1310 nm 24 0 ~ +5 -24 0 to +50°C
(32 to 122°F)
* Note: High Power Optic. There must be a minimum of 5 dB of optical loss to the fiber for proper operation.
Note: We recommend the use of Interlogix SFPs on the industrial managed switch. If
you insert an SFP transceiver that is not supported, the industrial managed switch will
not recognize it.
Note: Choose a SFP/SFP+ transceiver that can be operated under -40 to 75°C
temperature if the industrial managed switch is working in a 0 to 50°C temperature
environment.
To connect the fiber cable:
1. Attach the duplex LC connector on the network cable to the SFP/SFP+ transceiver.
2. Connect the other end of the cable to a device with the SFP/SFP+ transceiver
installed.
3. Check the LNK/ACT LED of the SFP/SFP+ slot on the front of the industrial
managed switch. Ensure that the SFP/SFP+ transceiver is operating correctly.
To remove the transceiver module:
1. Make sure there is no network activity by checking with the network administrator.
Or, through the management interface of the switch/converter (if available), disable
the port in advance.
2. Carefully remove the fiber optic cable.
3. Turn the lever of the transceiver module to a horizontal position.
4. Pull out the module gently through the lever.
Chapter 2: Installation
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 27
Note: Never pull out the module without making use of the lever or the push bolts on
the module. Removing the module with force could damage the module and the
SFP/SFP+ module slot of the industrial managed switch.
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 28
Chapter 3
Switch management
This chapter explains the methods that can be used to configure management access
to the industrial managed switch. It describes the types of management applications
and the communication and management protocols that deliver data between the
management device (workstation or personal computer) and the system. It also
contains information about port connection options.
Requirements
• Workstations must have Windows XP or later, Mac OS9 or later, Linux, UNIX , or
other platforms compatible with TCP/IP protocols.
• Workstations must have an Ethernet NIC (Network Interface Card) installed.
• Serial Port connection (Terminal). The workstation must have a COM Port (DB9 /
RS-232) or USB-to-RS-232 converter.
• Ethernet port connection. Use standard network (UTP) cables with RJ45
connectors.
• Workstations must have a web browser and Java runtime environment plug-in
installed.
Note: We recommend the use of Internet Explorer 11.0 or later to access the industrial
managed switch.
Management access overview
The industrial managed switch provides the flexibility to access and manage it using
any or all of the following methods:
• Web browser interface
• An external SNMP-based network management application
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NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 29
The remote Telnet and web browser interfaces support are embedded in the industrial
managed switch software and are available for immediate use. The advantages of
these management methods are described below:
Method
Advantages Disadvantages
Web browser
• Ideal for configuring the switch
remotely.
• Compatible with all popular
browsers.
• Can be accessed from any
location.
• Most visually appealing.
• Security can be compromised (hackers
need only know the IP address and
subnet mask).
• May encounter lag times on poor
connections.
SNMP agent
• Communicates with switch
functions at the MIB level.
• Based on open standards.
• Requires SNMP manager software
• Least visually appealing of all three
methods.
• Some settings require calculations.
• Security can be compromised (hackers
need to only know the community
name).
Web management
The industrial managed switch provides features that allow users to manage it from
anywhere on the network through a standard browser such as Microsoft Internet
Explorer. After setting up the IP address for the switch, you can access the industrial
managed switch's web interface applications directly in the web browser by entering the
IP address of the industrial managed switch.
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30 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
You can use a web browser to list and manage the industrial managed switch
configuration parameters from one central location, just as if you were directly
connected to the industrial managed switch's console port. Web management requires
Microsoft Internet Explorer 11.0 or later.
SNMP-based network management
Use an external SNMP-based application to configure and manage the managed
switch, such as SNMP Network Manager, HP Openview Network Node Management
(NNM), or What’s Up Gold. This management method requires the SNMP agent on the
switch and the SNMP Network Management Station to use the same community string.
This management method uses two community strings: the get community string and
the set community string.
If the SNMP Network Management Station only knows the set community string, it can
read and write to the MIBs. However, if it only knows the get community string, it can
only read MIBs. The default get and set community strings for the industrial managed
switch are public.
Smart discovery utility
For easily listing the industrial managed switch in your Ethernet environment, the Smart
Discovery utility included on the CD-ROM is an ideal solution.
To run the smart discovery utility:
1. Install the Smart Discovery Utility in the administrator PC.
2. Run the utility.
Note: If there are two or more LAN cards in the same administrator computer,
choose a different LAN card by using the “Select Adapter” tool.
3. Click the Refresh button for the currently connected devices in the discovery list:
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NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 31
4. This utility shows all necessary information from the devices, such as MAC address,
device name, firmware version and device IP subnet address. It can also assign
new password, IP Subnet address and description for the devices. After setup is
complete, click the Update Device, Update Multi, or Update All button:
• Update Device: Use the current setting on one single device.
• Update Multi: Use the current setting on multi-devices.
• Update All: Use the current setting on all devices in the list.
The same functions mentioned above also can be found in Option menu.
5. Selecting the Control Packet Force Broadcast check box allows you to assign a
new setting value to the Web Smart Switch under a different IP subnet address.
6. Click the Connect to Device button and the web login screen appears.
7. Click the Exit button to shut down the Smart Discovery Utility.
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 32
Chapter 4
Web configuration
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web-based management
interface for the industrial managed switch.
About Web-based management
Web-based management of the industrial managed switch supports Internet Explorer
11.0 or later, and can be performed from any location on the network. It is based on
Java Applets with an aim to reduce network bandwidth consumption, enhance access
speed, and present an easy viewing screen.
Note: By default, IE 7.0 and above does not allow Java Applets to open sockets. The
user has to explicitly modify the browser setting to enable Java Applets to use network
ports.
The industrial managed switch can be configured through an Ethernet connection when
the manager computer is set to the same IP subnet address as the industrial managed
switch.
For example, if the default IP address of the industrial managed switch is
192.168.0.100, then the administrator computer should be set at 192.168.0.x (where x
is a number between 1 and 254, except 100), and the default subnet mask is
255.255.255.0.
If the default IP address of the industrial managed switch has been changed to
192.168.1.1 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 via the console, then the administrator
computer should be set at 192.168.1.x (where x is a number between 2 and 254) to do
the relative configuration on a manager computer.
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NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 33
To log into the industrial managed switch:
1. Launch the Internet Explorer 11.0 or later web browser and type the factory default
IP address http://192.168.0.100 to access the web interface.
2. When the following login screen appears, type the default username "admin" with
password “admin” (or the username and password you have changed via console)
to log into the main screen of the industrial managed switch.
3. After typing the username and password, the main UI screen appears. The main
menu on the left side of the web page permits access to all the functions and status
provided by the industrial managed switch.
Note: For security purposes, change and memorize the new password after this first
setup.
Main web page
This section describes how to use the industrial managed switch’s web browser
interface for configuration and management.
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34 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
1. Main menu
2.
Copper port link status
3. SFP port link status
4. Main screen
Panel display
The web interface displays an image of the industrial managed switch’s ports. The
mode can be set to display different information for the ports, including Link up or Link
down. Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Statistics page.
Port status is indicated as follows:
State Disabled Down Link PoE in-use
RJ45 Ports
SFP Ports
Main menu
Using the web interface, you can define system parameters, manage, and control the
industrial managed switch and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The
administrator can set up the industrial managed switch by making selections from the
main functions menu. Clicking on a main menu item opens sub menus.
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NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 35
Buttons
Click SAVE to save changes or reset to default.
Click LOGOUT to logout of the managed switch.
Click REBOOT to reboot the managed switch.
Click REFRESH to refresh the page.
Save button
Click the SAVE button to save the running/startup/backup configuration or reset the
switch to default parameters.
The page includes the following fields:
Item Function
Save Configuration to FLASH Saves the configuration. See xxx
Restore to Default Resets the switch to default parameters. See xxx
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36 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Configuration manager
The page includes the following fields:
Item Function
Running Configuration Refers to the running configuration sequence use in the switch.
In the switch, the running configuration file stores in the RAM. In the
current version, the running configuration sequence running-config
can be saved from the RAM to FLASH by saving “Source File =
Running Configuration” to “Destination File = Startup Configuration”,
so that the running configuration sequence becomes the startup
configuration file, which is called configuration save.
To prevent illicit file upload and easier configuration, the switch
names the running configuration file ”running-config.”
Startup Configuration Refers to the configuration sequence used in switch startup.
Startup configuration file is stored in nonvolatile storage,
corresponding to the so-called configuration save. If the device
supports multi-config file, name the configuration file as a .cfg file (the
default is startup.cfg).
If the device does not support multi-config files, it names the startup
configuration file “startup-config.”
Backup Configuration The backup configuration is empty in FLASH; save the backup
configuration first via Maintenance > Backup Manager.
Buttons
• Click Apply to save the configuration.
Saving the configuration
The running configuration file stores in the managed switch’s RAM. In the current
version, the running configuration sequence of running-config can be saved from the
RAM to FLASH by ”Save Configurations to FLASH” function, so that the running
configuration sequence becomes the startup configuration file, which is called
configuration save.
To save all applied changes and set the current configuration as a startup configuration
requires the startup-configuration file to be loaded automatically across a system
reboot.
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NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 37
1. Click Save > Save Configurations to FLASH to login to the Configuration Manager
page.
2. Select Source File = Running Configuration and Destination File = Startup
Configuration.
3. Click Apply button to save the running configuration as a startup configuration.
System
Use the System menu items to display and configure basic administrative details of the
industrial managed switch. Under the System list, the following topics are provided to
configure and view the system information. This list contains the following items:
Item Function
System Information The industrial managed switch system information is provided here.
IP Configuration Configure the industrial managed switch IP information on this page.
IPv6 Configuration Configure the industrial managed switch IPv6 information on this page.
User Configuration Configure a new user name and password on this page.
Time Settings Configure SNTP on this page.
Log Management The industrial managed switch system log information is provided here.
SNMP Management Configure SNMP parameters on this page.
System information
The System Infomation page provides information on the current device such as the
hardware MAC address, software version, and system uptime.
Chapter 4: Web configuration
38 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
The page includes the following fields:
Item Function
System Contact The system contact configured in System Information.
System Name The system name configured in System Information.
System Location The system location configured in System Information.
MAC Address The MAC Address of this industrial managed switch.
IP Address The IP Address of this industrial managed switch.
Subnet Mask The subnet mask of this industrial managed switch.
Gateway The gateway of this industrial managed switch.
Loader Version The loader version of this industrial managed switch.
Loader Date The loader date of this industrial managed switch.
Firmware Version The firmware version of this industrial managed switch.
Firmware Date The firmware date of this industrial managed switch.
System Object ID The system object ID of this industrial managed switch.
System Uptime The period of time the device has been operational.
Buttons
• Click Edit to edit a parameter.
IP configuration
This page includes the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway. The configured column
is used to view or change the IP configuration. Type in the IP address, subnet mask,
and gateway as necessary.
Chapter 4: Web configuration
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 39
The page includes the following fields:
Item Function
Mode Indicates the IP address mode operation. Possible modes are:
Static:
Enables NTP mode operation.
When enabling NTP mode operation, the agent forwards and transfers NTP
messages between the clients and the server when they are not on the same
subnet domain.
DHCP:
Enables DHCP client mode operation.
Enable the DHCP client by selecting this box. If DHCP fails and the configured IP
address is zero, DHCP will retry. If DHCP fails and the configured IP address is not
zero, DHCP will stop and the configured IP settings will be used. The DHCP client
announces the configured System Name as hostname to provide DNS lookup.
IP Address Provides the IP address of the industrial managed switch in dotted decimal
notation.
Subnet Mask Provides the subnet mask of the industrial managed switch in dotted decimal
notation.
Gateway Provides the IP address of the router in dotted decimal notation.
DNS Server 1/2 Provides the IP address of the DNS server in dotted decimal notation.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
IPv6 configuration
IP status displays the status of the IP protocol layer. The status is defined by the IP
interfaces, the IP routes, and the neighbour cache (ARP cache) status.
Chapter 4: Web configuration
40 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
The page includes the following fields:
Item Function
Auto Configuration Selec t Enable to enable IPv6 auto-configuration.
If it fails, the configured IPv6 address is zero. The router may delay
responding to a router solicitation for a few seconds; the total time needed
to complete auto-configuration can be significantly longer.
IPv6 Address Provide the IPv6 address of this switch.
IPv6 address is in 128-bit records represented as eight fields of up to four
hexadecimal digits with a colon separating each field (:). For example,
fe80::aaf7:e0ff:fe20:fd27.
The symbol '::' is a special syntax that can be used as a shorthand way of
representing multiple 16-bit groups of contiguous zeros; but it can only
appear once. It also uses the following legal IPv4 address. For example,
':192.1.2.34'.
Provide the IPv6 Prefix of this switch. The allowed range is 1 through 128.
Gateway Provide the IPv6 gateway address of this switch.
IPv6 address is in 128-bit records represented as eight fields of up to four
hexadecimal digits with a colon separating each field (:). For example,
fe80::aaf7:e0ff:fe20:fd27.
DHCPv6 Client To enable this Managed Switch to accept a configuration from a Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol version 6 (DHCPv6) server. By default, the
Managed Switch does not perform DHCPv6 client actions. DHCPv6 clients
request the delegation of long-lived prefixes that they can push to individual
local hosts.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
User configuration
This page provides an overview of the current users. Close and reopen the browser to
log in as another user on the web server. After setup is complete, click the Apply
button and log in to the web interface with the new user name and password. The
following appears:
Chapter 4: Web configuration
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 41
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
User Name The name identifying the user.
Maximum length: 32 characters;
Maximum number of users: 8
Password Type The password type for the user.
Password Type the user’s new password here.
(Range: 0-32 characters plain text, case sensitive)
Retype Password Type the user’s new password here again to confirm.
Privilege Level The privilege level of the user.
Options:
• Admin
• User
• Other
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Username Dsiplays the current user name.
Password Type Displays the current password type.
Privilege Type Displays the current privilege type.
Modify Click to modify the local user entry. Click Delete to delete the current user.
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42 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Time settings
System time
Configure SNTP on this page. SNTP is an acronym for Simple Network Time Protocol,
a network protocol for synchronizing the clocks of computer systems. You can specify
SNTP servers and set the GMT time zone in this page.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Enable SNTP Indicates the SNTP mode operation. Possible modes are:
Enabled: Enable SNTP mode operation. When enabling SNTP mode
operation, the agent forwards and transfers SNTP messages between the
clients and the server when they are not on the same subnet domain.
Disabled: Disable SNTP mode operation.
Server# Provides the NTP IPv4 or IPv6 address of this switch. IPv6 address is in 128-
bit records represented as eight fields of up to four hexadecimal digits with a
colon separating each field (:).
Example: 'fe80::215:c5ff:fe03:4dc7'. The symbol '::' is a special syntax that
can be used as a shorthand way of representing multiple 16-bit groups of
contiguous zeros; but it can only appear once. It also uses an IPv4 address
(for example, '::192.1.2.34').
User Manually Allows the user to enable set up system time manually. System time will be
lost after system reboot since there is no battery to keep time running.
Year Allows the user to input year value. (it supports from 1970 to 2037 only)
Month Allows the user to input month value. (1 to 12 month).
Day Allows the user to input day value. (1 to 31 days).
Hour Allows the user to input hour value. (00 to 23 hours).
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NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 43
Object Description
Minute Allows the user to input minute value. (0 to 59 minutes).
Second Allows the user to input second value. (0 to 59 seconds).
Time Zone Lists various Time Zones worldwide. Select the appropriate Time Zone from
the drop-down menu and click Save.
Daylight Saving
Time This is used to set the clock forward or backward according to the
configurations set below for a defined Daylight Saving Time duration. Select
Disable to disable the Daylight Saving Time configuration. Select Recurring
and configure the Daylight Saving Time duration to repeat the configuration
every year. Select Non-Recurring and configure the Daylight Saving Time
duration for single time configuration. (Default: Disabled).
Daylight Saving
Time Offset Enter the number of minutes to add during Daylight Saving Time. (Range: 1 to
1440)
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
SNTP server settings
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
SNTP Server
Address Type the IP address or domain name of the SNTP server.
Server Port Type the port number of the SNTP.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Log management
The industrial managed switch log management is provided here. The local logs permit
the configuration and limiting of system messages that are logged to flash or RAM
memory. The default is for event levels 0 to 3 are to be logged to flash and levels 0 to 6
are to be logged to RAM. The following table lists the event levels of the industrial
managed switch:
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44 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Level Severity Name Description
7 Debug Debuggin messages
6 Informational Informational messages only.
5 Notice Normal but significant condition, such as cold start.
4 Warning Warning conditions (e.g., return false, unexpected return)
3 Error Error conditions (e.g., invalid input, default used)
2 Critical Critical conditions (e.g., memory allocation, or free memory error -
resource exhausted)
1 Alert Immediate action needed
0 Emergency System unusable
Local log
The industrial managed switch local log information is provided here.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Logging Service Enabled: Enable logging service operation.
Disabled: Disable logging service operation.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Target The target of the local log entry. The following target types are supported:
Buffered: Target the buffer of the local log.
File: Target the file of the local log.
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NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 45
Object Description
Severity The severity of the local log entry. The following severity types are supported:
emerg: Emergency level of the system unstable for local log.
alert: Alert level of the immediate action needed for local log.
crit: Critical level of the critical conditions for local log.
error: Error level of the error conditions for local log.
warning: Warning level of the warning conditions for local log.
notice: Notice level of the normal but significant conditions for local log.
info: Informational level of the informational messages for local log.
debug: Debug level of the debugging messages for local log.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Status Displays the current local log status.
Target Displays the current local log target.
Severity Displays the current local log severity.
Actions Click Delete to delete the current status.
Remote syslog
The Remote Syslog page permits the configuration of the logging of messages that are
sent to syslog servers or other management stations. You can also limit the event
messages sent to only those messages below a specified level.
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This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Server Address Dsiplays the remote syslog IP address of this switch.
Server Port Provides the port number of the remote syslog server.
Default Port no.: 514
Severity The severity of the local log entry. The following severity types are supported:
emerg: Emergency level of the system unstable for local log.
alert: Alert level of the immediate action needed for local log.
crit: Critical level of the critical conditions for local log.
error: Error level of the error conditions for local log.
warning: Warning level of the warning conditions for local log.
notice: Notice level of the normal but significant conditions for local log.
info: Informational level of the informational messages for local log.
debug: Debug level of the debugging messages for local log.
Facility Local0~7: local user 0~7
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Status Displays the current remote syslog status.
Server Info Displays the current remote syslog server information.
Severity Displays the current remote syslog severity.
Displays the current remote syslog facility.
Actions Click Delete to delete the remote server entry.
Log message
The switch log view is provided here:
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This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Target The target of the log view entry. The following target types are supported:
Buffered: Target the buffered of the log view.
File: Target the file of the log view.
Severity The severity of the local log entry. The following severity types are supported:
emerg: Emergency level of the system unstable for local log.
alert: Alert level of the immediate action needed for local log.
crit: Critical level of the critical conditions for local log.
error: Error level of the error conditions for local log.
warning: Warning level of the warning conditions for local log.
notice: Notice level of the normal but significant conditions for local log.
info: Informational level of the informational messages for local log.
debug: Debug level of the debugging messages for local log.
Category The category of the log view includes:
AAA, ACL, CABLE_DIAG, DAI, DHCP_SNOOPING, Dot1X, GVRP,
IGMP_SNOOPING, IPSG, L2, LLDP, Mirror, MLD_SNOOPING, Platform, PM,
Port, PORT_SECURITY, QoS, Rate, SNMP and STP
Buttons
• Click View to view log.
• Click Clear to clear the log.
• Click Refresh to refresh the log.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
SNMP overview
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol that
facilitates the exchange of management information between network devices. It is part
of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. SNMP
permits network administrators to manage network performance, find and solve network
problems, and plan for network growth.
An SNMP-managed network consists of the following:
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• Network management stations (NMSs): Sometimes called consoles, these
devices execute management applications that monitor and control network
elements. Physically, NMSs are usually engineering workstation-caliber computers
with fast CPUs, megapixel color displays, substantial memory, and abundant disk
space. At least one NMS must be present in each managed environment.
• Agents: Agents are software modules that reside in network elements. They collect
and store management information such as the number of error packets received by
a network element.
• Management information base (MIB): An MIB is a collection of managed objects
residing in a virtual information store. Collections of related managed objects are
defined in specific MIB modules.
• Network-management protocol: A management protocol is used to convey
management information between agents and NMSs. SNMP is the Internet
community's de facto standard management protocol.
SNMP operations
SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol. NMSs can send multiple requests
without receiving a response.
• Get – Allows the NMS to retrieve an object instance from the agent.
• Set – Allows the NMS to set values for object instances within an agent.
• Trap – Used by the agent to asynchronously inform the NMS of some event. The
SNMPv2 trap message is designed to replace the SNMPv1 trap message.
SNMP community
An SNMP community is the group that devices and management stations running
SNMP belong to. It helps define where information is sent. The community name is
used to identify the group. An SNMP device or agent may belong to more than one
SNMP community. It will not respond to requests from management stations that do not
belong to one of its communities. SNMP default communities are:
• Write (private)
• Read (public)
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SNMP system information
Configure SNMP settings on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Status Indicates the SNMP mode operation. Selections include:
Enabled: Enable SNMP mode operation.
Disabled: Disable SNMP mode operation.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
SNMP view
Configure the SNMPv3 view table on this page. The entry index keys are View Name
and OID Subtree.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
View Name A string identifying the view name that this entry should belong to.
The allowed string length is 1 to 16.
Subtree OID The OID defining the root of the subtree to add to the named view.
The allowed string content is digital number or asterisk (*).
Subtree OID Mask The bitmask identifies which positions in the specified object identifier
are to be regarded as "wildcards" for the purpose of pattern-
matching.
View Type Indicates the view type that this entry should belong to. Possible view
type are:
included: An optional flag to indicate that this view subtree should be
included.
excluded: An optional flag to indicate that this view subtree should
be excluded.
General, if a view entry's view type is 'excluded', it should exist
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Object Description
another view entry in which view type is 'included' and its OID subtree
oversteps the 'excluded' view entry.
Buttons
• Click Add to add a new view entry.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
View Name Display the current SNMP view name
Subtree OID Display the current SNMP subtree OID
OID Mask Display the current SNMP OID mask
View Type Display the current SNMP view type
Action Click Delete to delete the view table entry
SNMP access group
Configure SNMPv3 access groups on this page. The entry index keys are Group
Name, Security Model, and Security Level.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Group Name A string identifying the group name that this entry should belong to.
The allowed string length is 1 to 16.
Security Model Indicates the security model that this entry should belong to.
Possible security models are:
v1: Reserved for SNMPv1.
v2c: Reserved for SNMPv2c.
V3: Reserved for SNMPv3 or User-based Security Model (USM)
Security Level Indicates the security model that this entry should belong to.
Possible security models are:
Noauth: None authentication and none privacy security levels are
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Object Description
assigned to the group.
auth: Authentication and none privacy.
priv: Authentication and privacy.
Note: The Security Level applies to SNNPv3 only.
Read View Name Read view name is the name of the view in which you can only view
the contents of the agent.
The allowed string length is 1 to 16.
Write View Name Write view name is the name of the view in which you enter data and
configure the contents of the agent.
The allowed string length is 1 to 16.
Notify View Name Notify view name is the name of the view in which you specify a
notify, inform, or trap.
Buttons
• Click Add to add a new access entry.
• Click Delete to delete the entry.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Group Name Display the current SNMP access group name
Security Model Display the current security model
Security Level Display the current security level
Read View Name Display the current read view name
Write View Name Display the current write view name
Notify View Name Display the current notify view name
Action Click Delete to delete the access group entry.
SNMP community
Configure the SNMP community on this page.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Community Name Indicates the community read/write access string to permit access to
SNMP agent.
The allowed string length is 0 to 16.
Community Mode Indicates the SNMP community supported mode. Possible versions
are:
Basic: Set SNMP community mode supported version 1 and 2c.
Advanced: Set SNMP community mode supported version 3.
Group Name A string identifying the group name that this entry should belong to.
The allowed string length is 1 to 16.
View Name A string identifying the view name that this entry should belong to.
The allowed string length is 1 to 16.
Access Right Indicates the SNMP community type operation. Possible types are:
RO=Read-Only: Set access string type in read-only mode.
RW=Read-Write: Set access string type in read-write mode.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Community Name Displays the current community type
Group Name Displays the current SNMP access group’s name.
View Name Displays the current view name.
Access Right Displays the current access type
Delete Click Delete to delete the community entry.
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SNMP user
Configure SNMP users on this page. The entry index key is User Name.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
User Name A string identifying the user name that this entry should belong to.
The allowed string length is 1 to 16.
Group The SNMP Access Group. A string identifying the group name that
this entry should belong to.
Privilege Mode Indicates the security model that this entry should belong to.
Selections include:
NoAuth, NoPriv: None authentication and none privacy.
Auth, NoPriv: Authentication and none privacy.
Auth, Priv: Authentication and privacy.
The value of the security level cannot be modified if the entry already
exists. Ensure that the value is set correctly.
Authentication Protocol Indicates the authentication protocol that this entry should belong to.
Selections include:
None: None authentication protocol.
MD5: An optional flag to indicate that this user using MD5
authentication protocol.
SHA: An optional flag to indicate that this user using SHA
authentication protocol.
The value of security level cannot be modified if the entry already
exists. Ensure that the value is set correctly.
Authentication Password A string identifying the authentication pass phrase. For MD5 and SHA
authentication options, the allowed string length is 8 to 16.
Encryption Protocol Indicates the privacy protocol that this entry should belong to.
Selections include:
None: None privacy protocol.
DES: An optional flag to indicate that this user using DES
authentication protocol.
Encryption Key A string identifying the privacy pass phrase. The allowed string length
is 8 to 16.
Buttons
• Click Add to add a new user entry.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
User Name Displays the current user name
Group Displays the current group
Privilege Mode Displays the current privilege mode
Authentication Protocol Displays the current authentication protocol
Encryption Protocol Displays the current encryption protocol
Access Right Displays the current access right
Action Click Delete to delete the user entry.
SNMPv1, 2 notification reciepients
Configure SNMPv1 and 2 notification recipients on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Server Address Indicates the SNMP trap destination address. It allows a valid IP
address in dotted decimal notation ('x.y.z.w'). It can also represent a
legally valid IPv4 address. For example, '::192.1.2.34'.
SNMP Version Indicates the SNMP trap supported version. Selections include:
SNMP v1: Set SNMP trap supported version 1.
SNMP v2c: Set SNMP trap supported version 2c.
Notify Type Set the notify type in traps or informs.
Community Name Indicates the community access string when send SNMP trap packet.
UDP Port Indicates the SNMP trap destination port. SNMP Agent will send
SNMP message via this port, the port range is 1~65535.
Time Out Indicates the SNMP trap inform timeout. The allowed range is 1 to
300.
Retries Indicates the SNMP trap inform retry times. The allowed range is 1 to
255.
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Buttons
• Click Add to add a new SNMPv1, 2 host entry.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Server Address Displays the current server address
SNMP Version Displays the current SNMP version
Notify Type Displays the current notify type
Community Name Displays the current community name
UDP Port Displays the current UDP port
Time Out Displays the current time out
Retries Displays the current retry times
Action Click Delete to delete the SNMPv1, 2 host entry
SNMPv3 notication recipients
Configure SNMPv3 notification recipients on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Server Address Indicates the SNMP trap destination address. It allows a valid IP
address in dotted decimal notation ('x.y.z.w'). It can also represent a
legally valid IPv4 address. For example, '::192.1.2.34'.
Notify Type Set the notify type in traps or informs.
User Name Indicates the user string when send SNMP trap packet.
UDP Port Indicates the SNMP trap destination port. SNMP Agent will send
SNMP message via this port, the port range is 1~65535.
Time Out Indicates the SNMP trap inform timeout. The allowed range is 1 to
300.
Retries Indicates the SNMP trap inform retry times. The allowed range is 1 to
255.
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Buttons
• Click Add to add a new SNMPv3 host entry.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Server Address Displays the current server address
Notify Type Displays the current notify type
User Name Displays the current community name
UDP Port Displays the current UDP port
Time Out Displays the current time out
Retries Displays the current retry times
Action Click Delete to delete the SNMPv3 host entry
SNMP engine ID
Configure the SNMPv3 engine ID on this page. The entry index key is Engine ID. The
remote engine ID is used to compute the security digest for authenticating and
encrypting packets sent to a user on the remote host.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Engine ID An octet string identifying the engine ID that this entry should belong
to. The string must contain an even number between 10 and 64
hexadecimal digits, but all-zeros and all-'F's are not allowed.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
SNMP remote engine ID
Configure the SNMPv3 remote Engine ID on this page.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Remote IP Address Indicates the SNMP remote engine ID address. It allows a valid IP
address in dotted decimal notation ('x.y.z.w').
Engine ID An octet string identifying the engine ID that this entry should belong
to.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Remote IP Address Displays the current remote IP address.
Engine ID Displays the current engine ID.
Action Click Delete to delete the remote IP address entry.
Port management
Use the Port menu to display or configure the industrial managed switch ports. This
section has the following items:
Port Configuration Configures port connection settings
Port Counters Lists Ethernet and RMON port statistics
Bandwidth Utilization Displays current bandwidth utilization
Port Mirroring Sets the source and target ports for mirroring
Jumbo Frame Sets the jumbo frame on the switch
Port Error Disable
Configuration Configures port error disable settings
Port Error Disabled Status Disables port error status
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Protected Ports Configures protected ports settings
Port configuration
Ports can be configured on the Port Configuration page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select port number from this drop-down menu.
Enabled Indicates the port state operation. Selections include:
Enabled - Start up the port manually.
Disabled – Shut down the port manually.
Speed Select any available link speed for the given switch port. Draw the
menu bar to select the mode.
Auto - Set up Auto negotiation.
Auto-10M - Set up 10M Auto negotiation.
Auto-100M - Set up 100M Auto negotiation.
Auto-1000M - Set up 1000M Auto negotiation.
Auto-10/100M - Set up 10/100M Auto negotiation.
10M - Set up 10M Force mode.
100M - Set up 100M Force mode.
1000M - Set up 1000M Force mode.
Duplex Select any available link duplex for the given switch port. Draw the
menu bar to select the mode.
Auto - Setup Auto negotiation.
Full - Force sets Full-Duplex mode.
Half - Force sets Half-Duplex mode.
Flow Control When Auto Speed is selected on a port, this section indicates the
flow control capability that is advertised to the link partner. When a
fixed-speed setting is selected, that is what is used. The Current Rx
column indicates if pause frames on the port are obeyed, and the
Current Tx column indicates whether pause frames on the port are
transmitted. The Rx and Tx settings are determined by the result of
the last Auto-Negotiation.
Check the configured column to use flow control. This setting is
related to the setting for Configured Link Speed.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port The logical port number for this row
Description Click Edit to indicate the port name
Enable State Displays the current port state
Link Status Displays the current link status
Speed Displays the current speed status of the port
Duplex Displays the current duplex status of the port.
Flow Control Configuration Displays the current flow control configuration of the port
Flow Control Status Display the current flow control status of the port
Port counters
This page provides an overview of general traffic and trunk statistics for all switch ports.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select port number from this drop-down menu.
Mode Select port counters mode.
Options:
All
Interface
Ether-link
RMON
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Object Description
Received Octets The total number of octets received on the interface, including
framing characters.
Received Unicast Packets The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-
layer protocol.
Received Unknown Unicast
Packets The number of packets received via the interface which is discarded
because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.
Received Discards Packets The number of inbound packets which were chosen to be discarded
even though no errors had been detected to prevent their delivery to
a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a
packet could be to free up buffer space.
Transmit Octets The total number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including
framing characters.
Transmit Unicast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested is
transmitted to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those that
were discarded or not sent.
Transmit Unknown Unicast
Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested is
transmitted to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those that
were discarded or not sent.
Transmit Discards Packets The number of inbound packets which is chosen to be discarded
even though no errors have been detected to prevent from being
delivered to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for
discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space.
Received Multicast Packets The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)
layer, is addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer.
Received Broadcast
Packets The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)
layer, addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer.
Transmit Multicast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested is
transmitted and is addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer,
including those that were discarded or not sent.
Transmit Broadcast
Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested is
transmitted, and addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer,
including those that were discarded or not sent.
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Object Description
Alignment Errors The number of alignment errors (missynchronized data packets).
FCS Errors A count of frames received on a particular interface that are an
integral number of octets in length but do not pass the FCS check.
This count does not include frames received with frame-too-long or
frame-too-short error.
Single Collision Frames The number of successfully transmitted frames for which
transmission is inhibited by exactly one collision.
Multiple Collision Frames A count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is
inhibited by more than one collision.
Deferred Transmissions A count of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a
particular interface is delayed because the medium was busy.
Late Collision The number of times that a collision is detected later than 512 bit-
times into the transmission of a packet.
Excessive Collision A count of frames for which transmission on a particular interface fails
due to excessive collisions. This counter does not increase when the
interface is operating in full-duplex mode.
Frame Too Long A count of frames received on a particular interface that exceeds the
maximum permitted frame size.
Symbol Errors The number of received and transmitted symbol errors
Control In Unknown
Opcodes The number of received control unknown opcodes
In Pause Frames The number of received pause frames
Out Pause Frames The number of transmitted pause frames
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Object Description
Drop Events The total number of events in which packets were dropped due to
lack of resources.
Octets The total number of octets received and transmitted on the interface,
including framing characters.
Packets The total number of packets received and transmitted on the
interface.
Broadcast Packets The total number of good frames received that were directed to the
broadcast address. Note that this does not include multicast packets.
Multicast Packets The total number of good frames received that were directed to this
multicast address.
CRC / Alignment Errors The number of CRC/alignment errors (FCS or alignment errors).
Undersize Packets The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets
long(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were
otherwise well formed.
Oversize Packets The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518
octets(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were
otherwise well formed.
Fragments The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets in
length (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and had
either an FCS or alignment error.
Jabbers The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518
octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had
either an FCS or alignment error.
Collisions The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this Ethernet
segment.
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Object Description
64 Bytes Frames The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and
transmitted that were 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits but
including FCS octets).
65-127 Byte Frames 128-
255 Byte Frames 256-511
Byte Frames 512-1023 Byte
Frames 1024-1518 Byte
Frames
The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and
transmitted where the number of octets falls within the specified
range (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Bandwidth utilization
The Bandwidth Utilization page displays the percentage of the total available bandwidth
being used on the ports. Bandwidth utilization statistics are represented with a line
graph.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Refresh Period This shows the period interval between last and next refresh.
Options:
2 sec
5 sec
10 sec
IFG Enable or Disable this function.
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Port mirror
Configure port mirroring on this page. This function provides the monitoring of network
traffic that forwards a copy of each incoming or outgoing packet from one port of a
network switch to another port where the packet can be studied. It enables the
manager to keep close track of switch performance and alter it if necessary.
• To debug network problems, selected traffic can be copied, or mirrored, to a mirror
port where a frame analyzer can be attached to analyze the frame flow.
• The industrial managed switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a
monitor port. You can then attach a protocol analyzer or RMON probe to this port to
perform traffic analysis and verify connection integrity.
The traffic to be copied to the mirror port is selected as follows:
• All frames received on a given port (also known as ingress or source mirroring).
• All frames transmitted on a given port (also known as egress or destination
mirroring).
Mirror port configuration
The page includes the following fields:
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Object Description
Session ID Set the port mirror session ID.
Selections are: 1 to 4.
Monitor Session State Enable or disable the port mirroring function.
Destination Port Select the port to mirror destination port.
Allow-ingress Frames from ports that have either source (rx) or destination (tx)
mirroring enabled are mirrored to this port.
Sniffer TX Ports Frames transmitted from these ports are mirrored to the mirroring
port. Frames received are not mirrored.
Sniffer RX Ports Frames received at these ports are mirrored to the mirroring port.
Frames transmitted are not mirrored.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Jumbo frame
This page permits selection of the maximum frame size allowed for the switch port.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Jumbo Frame (Bytes) Enter the maximum frame size allowed for the switch port, including
FCS. The allowed range is 64 bytes to 9216 bytes.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Port error disabled configuration
Port error disable functions are configured on this page.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Recovery Interval The period (in seconds) for which a port will be kept disabled in the
event a port error is detected (and the port action shuts down the
port).
BPDU Guard Enable or disable the port error disabled function to check status by
BPDU guard.
Self Loop Enable or disable the port error disabled function to check status by
self loop.
Broadcast Flood Enable or disable the port error disabled function to check status by
broadcast flood.
Unknown Multicast Flood Enable or disable the port error disabled function to check status by
unknown multicast flood.
Unicast Flood Enable or disable the port error disabled function to check status by
unicast flood.
ACL Enable or disable the port error disabled function to check status by
ACL.
Port Security Violation Enable or disable the port error disabled function to check status by
port security violation.
DHCP Rate Limit Enable or disable the port error disabled function to check status by
DHCP rate limit.
ARP Rate Limit Enable or disable the port error disabled function to check status by
ARP rate limit.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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Port error disabled
This page displays port error disabled information. Ports can be disabled by some
protocols such as BPDU Guard, Loopback and UDLD.
The displayed counters are:
Object Description
Port Name Shows the error disabled port.
Error Disable Reason Shows the reason why the port was disabled.
Time Left (Seconds) Shows the time left for port disable.
Protected ports
When a switch port is configured to be a member of a protected group (also called a
private VLAN), communication between protected ports within that group can be
prevented. Two application examples are provided in this section:
• Customers connected to an ISP can be members of the protected group, but they
are not allowed to communicate with each other within that VLAN.
• Servers in a farm of web servers in a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) are allowed to
communicate with the outside world and with database servers on the inside
segment, but are not allowed to communicate with each other.
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For protected port groups to be applied, the industrial managed switch must first be
configured for standard VLAN operation. Ports in a protected port group fall into one of
these two groups:
Promiscuous (Unprotected) ports
• Ports from which traffic can be forwarded to all ports in the private VLAN
• Ports which can receive traffic from all ports in the private VLAN
Isolated (Protected) ports
• Ports from which traffic can only be forwarded to promiscuous ports in the private
VLAN
• Ports which can receive traffic from only promiscuous ports in the private VLAN
The configuration of promiscuous and isolated ports applies to all private VLANs. When
traffic comes in on a promiscuous port in a private VLAN, the VLAN mask from the
VLAN table is applied. When traffic comes in on an isolated port, the private VLAN
mask is applied in addition to the VLAN mask from the VLAN table. This reduces the
port forwarding to just the promiscuous ports within the private VLAN.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port List Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
Port Type Displays protected port types.
Protected: A single stand-alone VLAN that contains one
promiscuous port and one or more isolated (or host) ports. This VLAN
conveys traffic between the isolated ports and a lone promiscuous
port.
Unprotected: A promiscuous port can communicate with all the
interfaces within a private VLAN. This is the default setting.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Link aggregation
Port Aggregation optimizes port usage by linking a group of ports together to form a
single Link Aggregated Group (LAG). Port aggregation multiplies the bandwidth
between the devices, increases port flexibility, and provides link redundancy.
Each LAG is composed of ports of the same speed, set to full-duplex operations. Ports
in a LAG can be of different media types (UTP/Fiber, or different fiber types), provided
they operate at the same speed.
Aggregated links can be assigned manually (Port Trunk) or automatically by enabling
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) on the relevant links.
Aggregated links are treated by the system as a single logical port. Specifically, the
aggregated link has similar port attributes to a non-aggregated port, including auto-
negotiation, speed, duplex setting, etc.
The industrial managed switch supports the following aggregation links :
• Static LAGs (Port Trunk) – Force aggregated selected ports to be a trunk group.
• Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) LAGs – LACP LAGs negotiate
aggregated port links with other LACP ports located on a different device. If the
other device ports are also LACP ports, the devices establish a LAG between them.
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The Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) provides a standardized means for
exchanging information between partner systems that require high speed redundant
links. Link aggregation permits grouping up to eight consecutive ports into a single
dedicated connection. This feature can expand bandwidth to a device on the network.
LACP operation requires full-duplex mode (refer to the IEEE 802.3ad standard for
further details).
Port link aggregations can be used to increase the bandwidth of a network connection
or to ensure fault recovery. Link aggregation permits grouping up to four consecutive
ports into a single dedicated connection between any two industrial managed switches
or other Layer 2 switches. However, before making any physical connections between
devices, use the link aggregation configuration menu to specify the link aggregation on
the devices at both ends. When using a port link aggregation, note that:
• The ports used in a link aggregation must all be of the same media type (RJ45, 100
Mbps fiber).
• The ports that can be assigned to the same link aggregation have certain other
restrictions (see below).
• Ports can only be assigned to one link aggregation.
• The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as link aggregation
ports.
• None of the ports in a link aggregation can be configured as a mirror source port
or a mirror target port.
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• All of the ports in a link aggregation have to be treated as a whole when moved
from/to, added or deleted from a VLAN.
• The Spanning Tree Protocol will treat all the ports in a link aggregation as a
whole.
• Enable the link aggregation prior to connecting any cable between the switches
to avoid creating a data loop.
• Disconnect all link aggregation port cables or disable the link aggregation ports
before removing a port link aggregation to avoid creating a data loop.
It allows a maximum of eight ports to be aggregated at the same time. The industrial
managed switch supports Gigabit Ethernet ports (up to eight groups). If the group is
defined as a LACP static link aggregationing group, then any extra ports selected are
placed in a standby mode for redundancy if one of the other ports fails. If the group is
defined as a local static link aggregationing group, then the number of ports must be
the same as the group member ports.
LAG setting
This page permits the configuration of load balance algorithm settings.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Load Balance Algorithm MAC Address: The MAC address can be used to calculate the port
for the frame.
IP/MAC Address: The IP and MAC address can be used to calculate
the port for the frame.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
LAG management
Configure LAG management on this page.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
LAG Select a LAG number from the drop-down menu.
Name Name of the LAG.
Type Indicates the trunk type
Static: Force aggregated selected ports to be a trunk group.
LACP: LACP LAG negotiate Aggregated Port links with other LACP
ports located on a different device. If the other device ports are also
LACP ports, the devices establish a LAG between them.
Ports Select port number from this drop-down menu to establish Link
Aggregation
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
LAG The LAG for the settings contained in the same row.
Name Displays the current name.
Type Displays the current type.
Link State Displays the link state.
Active Member Displays the active member.
Standby Member Displays the standby member.
Modify Click Edit to modify LAG configuration.
LAG port setting
Configure each LAG on this page.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
LAG Select Select the LAG number from this drop-down menu.
Enabled Indicates the LAG state operation. Selections include:
Enabled - Start up the port manually.
Disabled – Shut down the port manually.
Speed Select any available link speed for the given switch port. Draw the
menu bar to select the mode.
Auto - Set up Auto negotiation.
Auto-10M - Set up 10M Auto negotiation.
Auto-100M - Set up 100M Auto negotiation.
Auto-1000M - Set up 1000M Auto negotiation.
Auto-10/100M - Set up 10/100M Auto negotiation.
10M - Set up 10M Force mode.
100M - Set up 100M Force mode.
1000M - Set up 1000M Force mode.
Flow Control When Auto Speed is selected on a port, this section indicates the
flow control capability that is advertised to the link partner. When a
fixed-speed setting is selected, that is what is used. The Current Rx
column indicates if pause frames on the port are obeyed, and the
Current Tx column indicates whether pause frames on the port are
transmitted. The Rx and Tx settings are determined by the result of
the last Auto-Negotiation.
Check the configured column to use flow control. This setting is
related to the setting for Configured Link Speed.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
LACP port setting
Configure the LACP port setting on this page.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select the port number from this drop-down menu to set the LACP
port.
Priority The Priority controls the priority of the port.
If the LACP partner wants to form a larger group than is supported by
this device, then this parameter will control which ports will be active
and which ports will be in a backup role. Lower number means
greater priority.
Timeout The Timeout controls the period between BPDU transmissions.
Short transmits LACP packets each second, while Long waits for 30
seconds before sending an LACP packet.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
LACP configuration
LACP LAG negotiates aggregated port links with other LACP ports located on a
different device. LACP allows switches connected to each other to discover
automatically whether any ports are member of the same LAG.
This page allows the user to inspect and change the current LACP port configurations.
The LACP port settings relate to the current device, as reflected by the page header.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select the port number from this drop-down menu to set the LACP
port.
Timeout The Timeout controls the period between BPDU transmissions.
Short transmits LACP packets each second, while Long waits for 30
seconds before sending an LACP packet.
Priority The Priority controls the priority of the port. If the LACP partner wants
to form a larger group than is supported by this device, then this
parameter controls which ports will be active and which ports will be
in a backup role. Lower number means greater priority.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
LAG status
The LACP System Status page provides a status overview of all LACP instances. This
page displays the current LACP aggregation groups and LACP port status.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
LAG Displays the current trunk entry.
Name Displays the current LAG name.
Type Displays the current trunk type.
Link State Displays the current link state.
Active Member Displays the current active member.
Standby Member Displays the current standby member.
The page includes the following fields:
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Object Description
Trunk Displays the current trunk ID.
Port Displays the current port number.
PartnerSysId The system ID of the link partner. This field is updated when the port
receives LACP PDU from the link partner.
PnKey Port key of the partner. This field is updated when the port receives
LACP PDU from the link partner.
AtKey Port key of actor. The key is designed to be the same as trunk ID.
Sel LACP selection logic status of the port
“S” means selected
“U” means unselected
“D” means standby
Mux LACP mux state machine status of the port
“DETACH” means the port is in detached state
“WAIT” means waiting state
“ATTACH” means attach state
“CLLCT” means collecting state
“DSTRBT” means distributing state
Receiv LACP receive state machine status of the port
“INIT” means the port is in initialize state
“PORTds” means port disabled state
“EXPR” means expired state
“LACPds” means LACP disabled state
“DFLT” means defaulted state
“CRRNT” means current state
PrdTx LACP periodic transmission state machine status of the port
“no PRD” means the port is in no periodic state
“FstPRD” means fast periodic state
“SlwPRD” means slow periodic state
“PrdTX” means periodic TX state
AtState The actor state field of LACP PDU description.
The field from left to right describes: “LACP_Activity”,
“LACP_Timeout”, “Aggregation”, “Synchronization”, “Collecting”,
“Distributing”, “Defaulted”, and “Expired”.
The contents could be true or false. If the contents are false, the web
shows “_”; if the contents are true, the web shows “A”, “T”, “G”, “S”,
“C”, “D”, “F” and “E” for each content respectively.
PnState The partner state field of LACP PDU description.
The field from left to right describes: “LACP_Activity”,
“LACP_Timeout”, “Aggregation”, “Synchronization”, “Collecting”,
“Distributing”, “Defaulted”, and “Expired”.
The contents could be true or false. If the contents are false, the web
will show “_”; if the contents are true, the Web shows “A”, “T”, “G”,
“S”, “C”, “D”, “F” and “E” for each content respectively.
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VLAN
VLAN overview
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a network topology configured according to a
logical scheme rather than the physical layout. VLAN can be used to combine any
collection of LAN segments into an autonomous user group that appears as a single
LAN. VLAN also logically segment the network into different broadcast domains so that
packets are forwarded only between ports within the VLAN. Typically, a VLAN
corresponds to a particular subnet, although not necessarily. VLAN can enhance
performance by conserving bandwidth, and improve security by limiting traffic to
specific domains.
A VLAN is a collection of end nodes grouped by logic instead of physical location. End
nodes that frequently communicate with each other are assigned to the same VLAN,
regardless of where they are physically on the network. Logically, a VLAN can be
equated to a broadcast domain, because broadcast packets are forwarded only to
members of the VLAN on which the broadcast was initiated.
Note:
1. Regardless of the method used to uniquely identify end nodes and assign VLAN
membership to these nodes, packets cannot cross VLAN without a network device
performing a routing function between the VLANs.
2. The industrial managed switch supports IEEE 802.1Q VLAN. The port untagging
function can be used to remove the 802.1 tag from packet headers to maintain
compatibility with devices that are tag-unaware.
Note: The industrial managed switch's default is to assign all ports to a single 802.1Q
VLAN named DEFAULT_VLAN. As a new VLAN is created, the member ports assigned
to the new VLAN are removed from the DEFAULT_ VLAN port member list. The
DEFAULT_VLAN has a VID = 1.
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This section has the following items:
Management VLAN Configures the management VLAN
Create VLAN Creates the VLAN group
Interface Settings Configures mode and PVID on the VLAN port
Port to VLAN Configures the VLAN membership
Port VLAN Membership Displays the VLAN membership
Protocol VLAN Group Setting Configures the protocol VLAN group
Protocol VLAN Port Setting Configures the protocol VLAN port setting
GVRP Setting Configures GVRP global setting
GVRP Port Setting Configures GVRP port setting
GVRP VLAN Displays the GVRP VLAN database
GVRP Statistics Displays the GVRP port statistics
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN
In large networks, routers are used to isolate broadcast traffic for each subnet into
separate domains. This industrial managed switch provides a similar service at Layer 2
by using VLANs to organize any group of network nodes into separate broadcast
domains. VLANs confine broadcast traffic to the originating group, and can eliminate
broadcast storms in large networks. This also provides a more secure and cleaner
network environment.
An IEEE 802.1Q VLAN is a group of ports that can be located anywhere in the network,
but communicate as though they belong to the same physical segment.
VLANs help to simplify network management by permitting relocation of devices to a
new VLAN without having to change any physical connections. VLANs can be easily
organized to reflect departmental groups (such as Marketing or R&D), usage groups
(such as email), or multicast groups (used for multimedia applications such as
videoconferencing).
VLANs provide greater network efficiency by reducing broadcast traffic, and permit
network changes without having to update IP addresses or IP subnets. VLANs
inherently provide a high level of network security since traffic must pass through a
configured Layer 3 link to reach a different VLAN.
This industrial managed switch supports the following VLAN features:
• Up to 255 VLANs based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
• Port overlapping, allowing a port to participate in multiple VLANs.
• End stations can belong to multiple VLANs.
• Passing traffic between VLAN-aware and VLAN-unaware devices.
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IEEE 802.1Q standard
IEEE 802.1Q (tagged) VLAN are implemented on the Switch. 802.1Q VLAN require
tagging, which enables them to span the entire network (assuming all switches on the
network are IEEE 802.1Q compliant).
VLAN allows a network to be segmented in order to reduce the size of broadcast
domains. All packets entering a VLAN will only be forwarded to the stations (over IEEE
802.1Q enabled switches) that are members of that VLAN, and this includes broadcast,
multicast, and unicast packets from unknown sources.
VLAN can also provide a level of security to the network. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN only
delivers packets between stations that are members of the VLAN. Any port can be
configured as either tagging or untagging:
• The untagging feature of IEEE 802.1Q VLAN allows VLAN to work with legacy
switches that don't recognize VLAN tags in packet headers.
• The tagging feature allows VLAN to span multiple 802.1Q compliant switches
through a single physical connection and allows Spanning Tree to be enabled on all
ports and work normally.
Some relevant terms:
• Tagging – The act of putting 802.1Q VLAN information into the header of a packet.
• Untagging – The act of stripping 802.1Q VLAN information out of the packet
header.
802.1Q VLAN tags
There are four additional octets inserted after the source MAC address as shown in the
following 802.1Q tag diagram. Their presence is indicated by a value of 0x8100 in the
Ether Type field. When a packet's Ether Type field is equal to 0x8100, the packet
carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained in the following two octets
and consists of three bits of user priority: One bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI -
used for encapsulating Token Ring packets so they can be carried across Ethernet
backbones), and 12 bits of VLAN ID (VID). The three bits of user priority are used by
802.1p. The VID is the VLAN identifier and is used by the 802.1Q standard. Because
the VID is 12 bits long, 4094 unique VLAN can be identified.
The tag is inserted into the packet header making the entire packet longer by four
octets. All of the information originally contained in the packet is retained.
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802.1Q tag
The Ether Type and VLAN ID are inserted after the MAC source address, but before
the original Ether Type/Length or Logical Link Control. Because the packet is now a bit
longer than it was originally, the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) must be
recalculated.
Adding an IEEE802.1Q tag
Dest. Addr.
Src. Addr.
Length/E. type
Data
Old CRC
Original Ethernet Packet
Dest. Addr.
Src. Addr.
E. type
Tag
Length/E. type
Data
New CRC
Priority
CFI
VLAN ID
Port VLAN ID
Packets that are tagged (carrying the 802.1Q VID information) can be transmitted from
one 802.1Q compliant network device to another with the VLAN information intact. This
allows 802.1Q VLAN to span network devices as well as the entire network if all
network devices are 802.1Q compliant.
Every physical port on a switch has a PVID. 802.1Q ports are also assigned a PVID for
use within the switch. If no VLANs are defined on the switch, all ports are then assigned
to a default VLAN with a PVID equal to 1. Untagged packets are assigned the PVID of
the port on which they were received. Forwarding decisions are based upon this PVID,
in so far as VLANs are concerned. Tagged packets are forwarded according to the VID
contained within the tag. Tagged packets are also assigned a PVID, but the VID, not
the PVID, is used to make packet forwarding decisions.
Tag-aware switches must keep a table to relate PVID within the switch to VID on the
network. The switch compares the VID of a packet to be transmitted to the VID of the
port that is to transmit the packet. If the two VIDs are different, the switch drops the
packet. Because of the existence of the PVID for untagged packets and the VID for
tagged packets, tag-aware and tag-unaware network devices can coexist on the same
network.
A switch port can have only one PVID, but can have as many VIDs as the switch has
memory in its VLAN table to store them.
New Tagged Packet
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Because some devices on a network may be tag-unaware, a decision must be made at
each port on a tag-aware device before packets are transmitted – should the packet to
be transmitted have a tag or not? If the transmitting port is connected to a tag-unaware
device, the packet should be untagged. If the transmitting port is connected to a tag-
aware device, the packet should be tagged.
Default VLANs
The industrial managed switch initially configures one VLAN, VID = 1, called "default."
The factory default setting assigns all ports on the Switch to the "default." As new
VLANs are configured in port-based mode, their respective member ports are removed
from the "default."
Assigning ports to VLANs
Before enabling VLANs for the switch, you must first assign each port to the VLAN
group(s) in which it will participate. By default, all ports are assigned to VLAN 1 as
untagged ports. Add a port as a tagged port to have it carry traffic for one or more
VLANs, and any intermediate network devices or the host at the other end of the
connection supports VLANs. Then assign ports on the other VLAN-aware network
devices along the path that will carry this traffic to the same VLAN(s), either manually or
dynamically using GVRP. However, if you want a port on this switch to participate in
one or more VLANs, but none of the intermediate network devices nor the host at the
other end of the connection supports VLANs, then this port should be added to the
VLAN as an untagged port.
Note: VLAN-tagged frames can pass through VLAN-aware or VLAN-unaware network
interconnection devices, but the VLAN tags should be stripped off before passing them
on to any end-node host that does not support VLAN tagging.
VLAN classification
When the switch receives a frame, it classifies the frame in one of two ways. If the
frame is untagged, the switch assigns the frame to an associated VLAN (based on the
default VLAN ID of the receiving port). If the frame is tagged, the switch uses the
tagged VLAN ID to identify the port broadcast domain of the frame.
Port overlapping
Port overlapping can be used to allow access to commonly shared network resources
among different VLAN groups, such as file servers or printers. Note that if you
implement VLANs that do not overlap but still need to communicate, they can be
connected by enabling routing on this switch.
Untagged VLANs
Untagged (or static) VLANs are typically used to reduce broadcast traffic and to
increase security. A group of network users assigned to a VLAN form a broadcast
domain that is separate from other VLANs configured on the switch. Packets are
forwarded only between ports that are designated for the same VLAN. Untagged
VLANs can be used to manually isolate user groups or subnets.
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Management VLAN
Configure Management VLAN on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Management VLAN Select the managed VLAN ID.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Create VLAN
Create and delete VLANs on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN List Indicates the ID of this particular VLAN.
VLAN Action This column allows users to add or delete VLANs.
VLAN Name Prefix Indicates the name of this particular VLAN.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Displays the current VLAN ID entry.
VLAN Name Display the current VLAN ID name
VLAN Type Display the current VLAN ID type
Modify Click Edit to modify VLAN configuration
Interface settings
This page is used for configuring the industrial managed switch port VLAN. This page
contains fields for managing ports that are part of a VLAN. The port default VLAN ID
(PVID) is also configured on this page. All untagged packets arriving to the device are
tagged by the port’s PVID.
Managed switch nomenclature:
IEEE 802.1Q tagged and untagged
Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can be configured as tagged or untagged.
Tagged: Ports with tagging enabled put the VID number, priority, and other VLAN
information into the header of all packets that flow into those ports. If a packet has
previously been tagged, the port will not alter the packet, thus keeping the VLAN
information intact. The VLAN information in the tag can then be used by other 802.1Q
compliant devices on the network to make packet-forwarding decisions.
Untagged: Ports with untagging enabled strip the 802.1Q tag from all packets that flow
into those ports. If the packet doesn't have an 802.1Q VLAN tag, the port will not alter
the packet. Thus, all packets received by and forwarded by an untagging port have no
802.1Q VLAN information (remember that the PVID is only used internally within the
industrial managed switch). Untagging is used to send packets from an 802.1Q-
compliant network device to a non-compliant network device.
Frame Income
Frame Leave
Income Frame is tagged Income Frame is untagged
Leave port is tagged Frame remains tagged Tag is inserted
Leave port is untagged Tag is removed Frame remains untagged
IEEE 802.1Q tunneling (Q-in-Q)
IEEE 802.1Q tunneling (Q-in-Q) is designed for service providers carrying traffic for
multiple customers across their networks. Q-in-Q tunneling is used to maintain
customer-specific VLAN and Layer 2 protocol configurations even when different
customers use the same internal VLAN IDs. This is accomplished by inserting Service
Provider VLAN (SPVLAN) tags into the customer’s frames when they enter the service
provider’s network, and then stripping the tags when the frames leave the network.
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A service provider’s customers may have specific requirements for their internal VLAN
IDs and number of VLANs supported. VLAN ranges required by different customers in
the same service-provider network might easily overlap, and traffic passing through the
infrastructure might be mixed. Assigning a unique range of VLAN IDs to each customer
would restrict customer configurations, require intensive processing of VLAN mapping
tables, and could easily exceed the maximum VLAN limit of 4096.
The industrial managed switch supports multiple VLAN tags and can therefore be used
in MAN (Metro Access Network) applications as a provider bridge, aggregating traffic
from numerous independent customer LANs into the MAN space. One of the purposes
of the provider bridge is to recognize and use VLAN tags so that the VLANs in the MAN
space can be used independent of the customers’ VLANs. This is accomplished by
adding a VLAN tag with a MAN-related VID for frames entering the MAN. When leaving
the MAN, the tag is stripped and the original VLAN tag with the customer-related VID is
again available.
This provides a tunneling mechanism to connect remote customer VLANs through a
common MAN space without interfering with the VLAN tags. All tags use EtherType
0x8100 or 0x88A8, where 0x8100 is used for customer tags and 0x88A8 is used for
service provider tags.
In cases where a given service VLAN only has two member ports on the switch, the
learning can be disabled for the particular VLAN and can therefore rely on flooding as
the forwarding mechanism between the two ports. This way, the MAC table
requirements are reduced.
Edit interface setting
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Interface VLAN Mode Set the port in access, trunk, hybrid and tunnel mode.
Trunk means the port allows traffic of multiple VLANs.
Access indicates the port belongs to one VLAN only.
Hybrid means the port allows the traffic of multi-VLANs to pass in tag
or untag mode.
Tunnel configures IEEE 802.1Q tunneling for a downlink port to
another device within the customer network.
PVID Allows you to assign PVID to a selected port.
The PVID will be inserted into all untagged frames entering the
ingress port. The PVID must be the same as the VLAN ID that the
port belongs to VLAN group, or the untagged traffic will be dropped.
The range for the PVID is 1-4094.
Accepted Type Determines whether the port accepts all frames or only tagged
frames. This parameter affects VLAN ingress processing. If the port
only accepts tagged frames, untagged frames received on the port
are discarded.
Options:
All
Tag Only
Untag Only
By default, the field is set to All.
Ingress Filtering If ingress filtering is enabled (checkbox is checked), frames classified
to a VLAN that the port is not a member of get discarded.
If ingress filtering is disabled, frames classified to a VLAN that the
port is not a member of are accepted and forwarded to the switch
engine. However, the port will never transmit frames classified to
VLANs that it is not a member of.
Uplink Enable/disable uplink function in trunk port.
TPID Configure the type (TPID) of the protocol of switch trunk port.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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Port to VLAN
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Select VLAN ID from this drop-down menu to assign VLAN
membership.
Port The switch port number of the logical port.
Interface VLAN Mode Displays the current interface VLAN mode.
Membership Select VLAN membership for each interface by marking the
appropriate radio button for a port or trunk:
Forbidden: Interface is forbidden from automatically joining the VLAN
via GVRP.
Excluded: Interface is not a member of the VLAN. Packets
associated with this VLAN will not be transmitted by the interface.
Tagged: Interface is a member of the VLAN. All packets
transmitted by the port will be tagged, that is, carry a tag and therefore
carry VLAN or CoS information.
Untagged: Interface is a member of the VLAN. All packets
transmitted by the port will be untagged, that is, not carry a tag and
therefore not carry VLAN or CoS information. Note that an interface
must be assigned to at least one group as an untagged port.
PVID Displays the current PVID.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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Port VLAN membership
This page provides an overview of membership status for VLAN users.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port The switch port number of the logical port.
Mode Displays the current VLAN mode
Administrative VLANs Displays the current administrative VLANs
Operational VLANs Displays the current operational VLANs
Modify Click Edit to modify VLAN membership
Protocol VLAN group setting
The network devices required to support multiple protocols cannot be easily grouped
into a common VLAN. This may require non-standard devices to pass traffic between
different VLANs in order to encompass all the devices participating in a specific
protocol. This kind of configuration deprives users of the basic benefits of VLANs,
including security and easy accessibility.
To avoid these problems, you can configure this industrial managed switch with
protocol-based VLANs that divide the physical network into logical VLAN groups for
each required protocol. When a frame is received at a port, its VLAN membership can
then be determined based on the protocol type being used by the inbound packets.
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Command Usage
To configure protocol-based VLANs, follow these steps:
1. First configure VLAN groups for the protocols you want to use. Although not
mandatory, we suggest configuring a separate VLAN for each major protocol
running on your network. Do not add port members at this time.
2. Create a protocol group for each of the protocols you want to assign to a VLAN
using the Protocol VLAN Configuration page.
3. Map the protocol for each interface to the appropriate VLAN using the Protocol
VLAN Port Configuration page.
This page allows you to configure protocol-based VLAN group settings.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Group ID Protocol Group ID assigned to the Special Protocol VLAN Group.
Frame Type Frame Type can have one of the following values:
Ethernet II
IEEE802.3_LLC_Other
RFC_1042
Note: On changing the Frame type field, valid value of the following
text field will vary depending on the new frame type you selected.
Protocol Value (0x0600-
0xFFFE) Valid value that can be entered in this text field depends on the option
selected from the preceding Frame Type selection menu.
Valid values for frame type ranges from 0x0600-0xfffe
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
The page includes the following fields:
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Object Description
Group ID Displays the current group ID
Frame Type Display the current frame type
Protocol Value Display the current protocol value
Delete Click Delete to delete the group ID entry
Protocol VLAN port setting
This page permits mapping an already configured Group Name to a VLAN/port for the
switch.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from this drop-down menu to assign a protocol VLAN port
Group Select a group ID from this drop-down menu to protocol VLAN group
VLAN VLAN ID assigned to the Special Protocol VLAN Group
Buttons
• Click Add to add a protocol VLAN port entry.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Displays the current port
Group ID Displays the current group ID
VLAN ID Displays the current VLAN ID
Delete Click Delete to delete the group ID entry
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GVRP setting
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) defines a way for switches to exchange
VLAN information in order to register VLAN members on ports across the network.
VLANs are dynamically configured based on join messages issued by host devices and
propagated throughout the network. GVRP must be enabled to permit automatic VLAN
registration, and to support VLANs which extend beyond the local switch.
The page includes the following fields:
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Object Description
GVRP Enable or Disable GVRP on this switch.
Join Timeout The interval between transmitting requests/queries to participate in a
VLAN group.
Range: 20-16375 centiseconds
Default: 20 centiseconds
Leave Timeout The interval a port waits before leaving a VLAN group. This time
should be set to more than twice the join time. This ensures that after
a Leave or LeaveAll message has been issued, the applicants can
rejoin before the port actually leaves the group.
Range: 45-32760 centiseconds
Default: 60 centiseconds
LeaveAll Timeout The interval between sending out a LeaveAll query message for
VLAN group participants and the port leaving the group. This interval
should be considerably larger than the Leave Time to minimize the
amount of traffic generated by nodes rejoining the group.
Range: 65-32765 centiseconds;
Default: 1000 centiseconds
Note: Timer settings must follow this rule: 2 x (join timer) < leave timer < leaveAll
timer
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
GVRP port setting
Configure GVRP port settings on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select a port from this drop-down menu to assign a protocol VLAN
port.
GVRP Enabled Enable or Disable on the port.
Registration Mode By default, GVRP ports are in normal registration mode. These ports
use GVRP join messages from neighboring switches to prune the
VLANs running across the 802.1Q trunk link. If the device on the
other side is not capable of sending GVRP messages, or if you do not
want to allow the switch to prune any of the VLANs, use the fixed
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Object Description
mode. Fixed mode ports will forward for all VLANs that exist in the
switch database. Ports in forbidden mode forward only for VLAN 1.
VLAN Creation GVRP can dynamically create VLANs on switches for trunking
purposes. By enabling GVRP dynamic VLAN creation, a switch will
add VLANs to its database when it receives GVRP join messages
about VLANs it does not have.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
GVRP VLAN
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Displays the current VLAN ID
Member Ports Displays the current member ports
Dynamic Ports Displays the current dynamic ports
VLAN Type Displays the current VLAN type
GVRP statistics
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port The switch port number of the logical port
Join Empty (Rx/Tx) Displays the current join empty (TX/RX) packets
Empty (Rx/Tx) Displays the current empty (TX/RX) packets
Leave Empty (Rx/Tx) Displays the current leave empty (TX/RX) packets
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Object Description
Join In (Rx/Tx) Displays the current join in (TX/RX) packets
Leave In (Rx/Tx) Displays the current leave in (TX/RX) packets
LeaveAll (Rx/Tx) Displays the current leaveall (TX/RX) packets
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port The switch port number of the logical port
Invalid Protocol ID Displays the current invalid protocol ID
Invalid Attribute Type Displays the current invalid attribute type
Invalid Attribute Value Displays the current invalid attribute value
Invalid Attribute Length Displays the current invalid attribute length
Invalid Event Displays the current invalid event
Buttons
• Click Clear to clear error statistics.
• Click Refresh to refresh the error statistics.
VLAN setting examples
This section covers the following setup scenarios:
• Separate VLAN
• 802.1Q VLAN Trunk
• Port Isolate
Two Separate 802.1Q VLANs
The diagram below shows how the industrial managed switch handles tagged and
untagged traffic flow for two VLANs. VLAN Group 2 and VLAN Group 3 are separated
VLANs. Each VLAN isolates network traffic, so only members of the VLAN receive
traffic from the same VLAN members. The table below describes the port configuration
of the industrial managed switches.
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VLAN Group VID Untagged Members Tagged Members
VLAN Group 1 1 Port-7 ~ Port-28 N/A
VLAN Group 2 2 Port-1,Port-2 Port-3
VLAN Group 3 3 Port-4,Port-5 Port-6
The scenario is described as follows:
Untagged packet entering VLAN 2
1. While [PC-1], an untagged packet, enters Port-1, the industrial managed switch will
tag it with a VLAN Tag=2. [PC-2] and [PC-3] will receive the packet through Port-2
and Port-3.
2. [PC-4],[PC-5] and [PC-6] received no packet.
3. While the packet leaves Port-2, it will be stripped away, becoming an untagged
packet.
4. While the packet leaves Port-3, it will remain as a tagged packet with VLAN Tag=2.
Tagged packet entering VLAN 2
1. While [PC-3], a tagged packet with VLAN Tag=2 enters Port-3, [PC-1] and [PC-2]
will receive the packet through Port-1 and Port-2.
2. While the packet leaves Port-1 and Port-2, it will be stripped away, becoming an
untagged packet.
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Untagged packet entering VLAN 3
1. While [PC-4] an untagged packet enters Port-4, the switch will tag it with a VLAN
Tag=3. [PC-5] and [PC-6] will receive the packet through Port-5 and Port-6.
2. While the packet leaves Port-5, it will be stripped away, becoming an untagged
packet.
3. While the packet leaves Port-6, it will keep as a tagged packet with VLAN Tag=3.
Note: For this example, set VLAN Group 1 as the default VLAN, but only focus on
VLAN 2 and VLAN 3 traffic flow.
Setup steps
1. Add VLAN group
Add two VLANs – VLAN 2 and VLAN 3
Type 1-3 in an Allowed Access VLANs column, the 1-3 includes VLAN1 and 2 and
3.
2. Assign VLAN members and PVIDs to each port:
VLAN 2 : Port-1,Port-2 and Port-3
VLAN 3 : Port-4, Port-5 and Port-6
3. Enable VLAN Tag for specific ports
VLAN ID = 2:
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Port-1 & 2 = Untagged,
Port-3 = Tagged,
Port -4~6 = Excluded..
VLAN ID = 3:
Port-4 & 5 = Untagged,
Port -6 = Tagged,
Port-1~3 = Excluded.
VLAN trunking between two 802.1Q-aware switches
In most cases, they are used for “Uplink” to other switches. VLANs are separated at
different switches, but they need access to other switches within the same VLAN group.
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Setup steps
1. Add a VLAN group.
Add two VLANs – VLAN 2 and VLAN 3
Type 1-3 in the allowed Access VLANs column; the 1-3 includes VLAN 1 and 2 and
3.
2. Assign VLAN members and PVIDs to each port:
VLAN 2: Port-1, Port-2 and Port-3, VLAN Mode = Hybrid
VLAN 3: Port-4, Port-5 and Port-6, VLAN Mode = Hybrid
VLAN 1: Port-7, VLAN Mode = Hybrid
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3. Assign Tagged/Untagged to each port:
VLAN ID = 1:
Port-1~6 = Untagged,
Port -7 = Excluded..
VLAN ID = 2:
Port-1 & 2 = Untagged,
Port-3 & 7 = Tagged,
Port -4~6 = Excluded.
VLAN ID = 3:
Port-4 & 5 = Untagged,
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Port -6 & 7= Tagged,
Port-1~3 = Excluded.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Theory
STP can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links
between switches, bridges, or routers. This allows the switch to interact with other
bridging devices in the network to ensure that only one route exists between any two
stations on the network, and provides backup links that automatically take over when a
primary link goes down. The spanning tree algorithms supported by this switch include
these versions:
• STP – Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D)
• RSTP – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w)
• MSTP – Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1s)
The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol and IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol allow for the blocking of links between switches that form loops within the
network. When multiple links between switches are detected, a primary link is
established. Duplicated links are blocked from use and become standby links. The
protocol allows for the duplicate links to be used in the event of a failure of the primary
link. Once the STP is configured and enabled, primary links are established and
duplicated links are blocked automatically. The reactivation of the blocked links (at the
time of a primary link failure) is also accomplished automatically without operator
intervention.
This automatic network reconfiguration provides maximum uptime to network users.
However, the concepts of the spanning tree algorithm and protocol are a complicated
and complex subject and must be fully researched and understood. It is possible to
cause serious degradation of the performance of the network if the spanning tree is
incorrectly configured. Please read the following before making any changes from the
default values.
The switch STP performs the following functions:
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• Creates a single spanning tree from any combination of switching or bridging
elements.
• Creates multiple spanning trees from any combination of ports contained within a
single switch, in user specified groups.
• Automatically reconfigures the spanning tree to compensate for the failure, addition,
or removal of any element in the tree.
• Reconfigures the spanning tree without operator intervention.
Bridge protocol data units
For STP to arrive at a stable network topology, the following information is used:
• The unique switch identifier.
• The path cost to the root associated with each switch port.
• The port identifier
STP communicates between switches on the network using Bridge Protocol Data Units
(BPDUs). Each BPDU contains the following information:
• The unique identifier of the switch that the transmitting switch currently believes is
the root switch.
• The path cost to the root from the transmitting port.
• The port identifier of the transmitting port.
The switch sends BPDUs to communicate and construct the spanning-tree topology. All
switches connected to the LAN on which the packet is transmitted will receive the
BPDU. BPDUs are not directly forwarded by the switch, but the receiving switch uses
the information in the frame to calculate a BPDU and, if the topology changes, initiates
a BPDU transmission.
The communication between switches via BPDUs results in the following:
• One switch is elected as the root switch.
• The shortest distance to the root switch is calculated for each switch.
• A designated switch is selected. This is the switch closest to the root switch through
which packets will be forwarded to the root.
• A port for each switch is selected. This is the port providing the best path from the
switch to the root switch.
• Ports included in the STP are selected.
Creating a stable STP topology
The goal is to make the root port the fastest link. If all switches have STP enabled with
default settings, the switch with the lowest MAC address in the network becomes the
root switch. By increasing the priority (lowering the priority number) of the best switch,
STP can be forced to select the best switch as the root switch.
When STP is enabled using the default parameters, the path between source and
destination stations in a switched network might not be ideal. For example, connecting
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higher-speed links to a port that has a higher number than the current root port can
cause a root-port change.
STP port states
The BPDUs take some time to pass through a network. This propagation delay can
result in topology changes where a port that transitioned directly from a blocking state
to a forwarding state could create temporary data loops. Ports must wait for new
network topology information to propagate throughout the network before starting to
forward packets. They must also wait for the packet lifetime to expire for BPDU packets
that were forwarded based on the old topology. The forward delay timer is used to allow
the network topology to stabilize after a topology change. In addition, STP specifies a
series of states a port must transition through to further ensure that a stable network
topology is created after a topology change.
Each port on a switch using STP exists is in one of the following five states:
• Blocking – The port is blocked from forwarding or receiving packets.
• Listening – The port is waiting to receive BPDU packets that may tell the port to go
back to the blocking state.
• Learning – The port is adding addresses to its forwarding database, but not yet
forwarding packets.
• Forwarding – The port is forwarding packets.
• Disabled – The port only responds to network management messages and must
return to the blocking state first.
A port transitions from one state to another as follows:
• From initialization (switch boot) to blocking.
• From blocking to listening or to disabled.
• From listening to learning or to disabled.
• From learning to forwarding or to disabled.
• From forwarding to disabled.
• From disabled to blocking.
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You can modify each port state by using management software. When STP is enabled,
every port on every switch in the network goes through the blocking state and then
transitions through the states of listening and learning at power up. If properly
configured, each port stabilizes to the forwarding or blocking state. No packets (except
BPDUs) are forwarded from, or received by, STP-enabled ports until the forwarding
state is enabled for that port.
STP parameters
STP operation levels
The industrial managed switch allows for two levels of operation: the switch level and
the port level. The switch level forms a spanning tree consisting of links between one or
more switches. The port level constructs a spanning tree consisting of groups of one or
more ports. The STP operates in much the same way for both levels.
Note: On the switch level, STP calculates the bridge identifier for each switch and then
sets the root bridge and the designated bridges. On the port level, STP sets the root
port and the designated ports.
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The following are the user-configurable STP parameters for the switch level:
Parameter Description Default Value
Bridge Identifier (Not
user configurable
except by setting
priority below)
A combination of the user-set priority and the switch’s
MAC address.
The Bridge Identifier consists of two parts: A 16-bit
priority and a 48-bit Ethernet MAC address 32768 +
MAC.
32768 + MAC
Priority A relative priority for each switch – lower numbers give a
higher priority and a greater chance of a given switch
being elected as the root bridge
32768
Hello Time The length of time between broadcasts of the hello
message by the switch 2 seconds
Maximum Age Timer Measures the age of a received BPDU for a port and
ensures that the BPDU is discarded when its age
exceeds the value of the maximum age timer.
20 seconds
Forward Delay Timer The amount of time spent by a port in the learning and
listening states waiting for a BPDU that may return the
port to the blocking state.
15 seconds
The following are the user-configurable STP parameters for the port or port group level:
Variable Description Default Value
Port Priority A relative priority for each port – lower
numbers give a higher priority and a
greater chance of a given port being
elected as the root port
128
Port Cost A value used by STP to evaluate paths –
STP calculates path costs and selects the
path with the minimum cost as the active
path
200,000-100Mbps Fast Ethernet ports
20,000-1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet ports
0 - Auto
Default spanning-tree configuration
Feature Default Value
Enable state STP disabled for all ports
Port priority 128
Port cost 0
Bridge Priority 32,768
User-changeable STA parameters
The factory default settings for the switch should cover the majority of installations. It is
advisable to keep the default settings as set at the factory unless it is absolutely
necessary. The user changeable parameters in the switch are as follows:
• Priority – A priority for the switch can be set from 0 to 65535. 0 is equal to the
highest priority.
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• Hello Time – The hello time can be from 1 to 10 seconds. This is the interval
between two transmissions of BPDU packets sent by the root bridge to tell all other
switches that it is indeed the root bridge. If you set a hello time for the switch and it
is not the root bridge, the set hello time will be used if and when the switch becomes
the root bridge.
Note: The hello time cannot be longer than the max. age or a configuration error will
occur.
• Max. Age – The max. age can be from 6 to 40 seconds. At the end of the max age,
if a BPDU has still not been received from the root bridge, the switch starts sending
its own BPDU to all other switches for permission to become the root bridge. If the
switch has the lowest bridge identifier, it will become the root bridge.
• Forward Delay Timer – The forward delay can be from 4 to 30 seconds. This is the
time any port on the switch spends in the listening state while moving from the
blocking state to the forwarding state.
Note: Observe the following formulas when setting the above parameters: Max.
Age _ 2 x (Forward Delay - 1 second), Max. Age _ 2 x (Hello Time + 1 second).
• Port Priority – A port priority can be from 0 to 240. The lower the number, the
greater the probability the port will be chosen as the root port.
• Port Cost – A port cost can be set from 0 to 200000000. The lower the number, the
greater the probability the port will be chosen to forward packets.
Illustration of STP
A simple illustration of three switches connected in a loop is depicted in the following
diagram. In this example, you can anticipate some major network problems if the STP
assistance is not applied.
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If switch A broadcasts a packet to switch B, switch B broadcasts to switch C, and switch
C broadcasts back to switch A and so on. The broadcast packet will be passed
indefinitely in a loop, potentially causing a network failure. In this example, STP breaks
the loop by blocking the connection between switch B and C. The decision to block a
particular connection is based on the STP calculation of the most current bridge and
port settings.
Now, if switch A broadcasts a packet to switch C, then switch C drops the packet at port
2 and the broadcast ends there. Setting up STP using values other than the defaults,
can be complex. Therefore, you are advised to keep the default factory settings and
STP will automatically assign root bridges/ports and block loop connections. Influencing
STP to choose a particular switch as the root bridge using the priority setting, or
influencing STP to choose a particular port to block using the port priority and port cost
settings is, however, relatively straightforward.
In this example, only the default STP values are used:
The switch with the lowest bridge ID (switch C) was elected the root bridge, and the
ports were selected to give a high port cost between switches B and C. The two
(optional) Gigabit ports (default port cost = 20,000) on switch A are connected to one
(optional) Gigabit port on both switch B and C. The redundant link between switch B
and C is deliberately chosen as a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet link (default port cost =
200,000). Gigabit ports could be used, but the port cost should be increased from the
default to ensure that the link between switch B and switch C is the blocked link.
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STP global settings
This page permits configuration of the STP system settings. The settings are used by
all STP bridge instances in the switch. The industrial managed switch supports the
following spanning tree protocols:
• Compatible – Spanning Tree Protocol (STP): Provides a single path between end
stations, avoiding and eliminating loops.
• Normal – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) : Detects and uses network
topologies that provide faster spanning tree convergence, without creating
forwarding loops.
• Extension – Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) : Defines an extension to
RSTP to further develop the usefulness of virtual LANs (VLANs). This "Per-VLAN"
MSTP configures a separate spanning tree for each VLAN group and blocks all but
one of the possible alternate paths within each spanning tree.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Enable STP function Enabled or Disabled. The default value is Disabled.
BPDU Forward Set the BPDU forward method.
PathCost Method The path cost method is used to determine the best path between devices.
Therefore, lower values should be assigned to ports attached to faster
media, and higher values assigned to ports with slower media.
Force Version The STP protocol version setting. Valid values are STP-Compatible, RSTP-
Operation and MSTP-Operation.
Configuration Name Identifier used to identify the configuration currently being used.
Configuration
Revision Identifier used to identify the configuration currently being used.
The values allowed are between 0 and 65535.
The default value is 0.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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STP port setting
This page permits the user to inspect and change the current per port STP settings.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
External Cost (0 = Auto) Controls the path cost incurred by the port.
The Auto setting sets the path cost as appropriate by the physical link
speed using the 802.1D recommended values. Using the Specific
setting, a user-defined value can be entered.
The path cost is used when establishing the active topology of the
network. Lower path cost ports are chosen as forwarding ports in
favor of higher path cost ports. Valid values are in the range 1 to
200000000.
Edge Port Determines if the operEdge flag should start as being set or cleared.
(The initial operEdge state when a port is initialized).
BPDU Filter Determines if a port explicitly configured as Edge will transmit and
receive BPDUs.
BPDU Guard Determines if a port explicitly configured as Edge will disable itself
upon reception of a BPDU.
The port will enter the error-disabled state, and will be removed from
the active topology.
P2P MAC Determines if the port connects to a point-to-point LAN rather than a
shared medium.
This can be automatically determined, or forced either true or false.
Transition to the forwarding state is faster for point-to-point LANs than
for shared media.
(This applies to physical ports only. Aggregations are always forced
Point2Point).
Migrate If at any time the switch detects STP BPDUs, including Configuration
or Topology Change Notification BPDUs, it will automatically set the
selected interface to forced STP-compatible mode.
However, you can also use the Protocol Migration button to manually
re-check the appropriate BPDU format (RSTP or STP-compatible) to
send on the selected interfaces.
(Default: Disabled)
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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By default, the system automatically detects the speed and duplex mode used on each
port, and configures the path cost according to the following values. Path cost “0” is
used to indicate auto-configuration mode. When the short path cost method is selected
and the default path cost recommended by the IEEE 8021w standard exceeds 65,535,
the default is set to 65,535.
Recommended STP path cost range
Port Type IEEE 802.1D-1998 IEEE 802.1w-2001
Ethernet 50-600 200,000-20,000,000
Fast Ethernet 10-60 20,000-2,000,000
Gigabit Ethernet 3-10 2,000-200,000
Recommended STP path costs
Port Type Link Type IEEE 802.1D-1998 IEEE 802.1w-2001
Ethernet Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Trunk
100
95
90
2,000,000
1,999,999
1,000,000
Fast Ethernet Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Trunk
19
18
15
200,000
100,000
50,000
Gigabit Ethernet Full Duplex
Trunk
4
3
10,000
5,000
Default STP path costs
Port Type Link Type IEEE 802.1w-2001
Ethernet Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Trunk
2,000,000
1,000,000
500,000
Fast Ethernet Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Trunk
200,000
100,000
50,000
Gigabit Ethernet Full Duplex
Trunk
10,000
5,000
CIST instance settings
This page permits the user to inspect and change the CIST instance settings.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Priority Controls the bridge priority. Lower numerical values have higher
priority. The bridge priority plus the MSTI instance number,
concatenated with the 6-byte MAC address of the switch, forms a
bridge identifier.
For MSTP operation, this is the priority of the CIST. Otherwise, this is
the priority of the STP/RSTP bridge.
Max Hops This defines the initial value of remaining Hops for MSTI information
generated at the boundary of an MSTI region. It defines how many
bridges a root bridge can distribute its BPDU information. Valid
values are in the range of 6 to 40 hops.
Forward Delay The delay used by STP Bridges to transition Root and Designated
Ports to Forwarding (used in STP compatible mode). Valid values are
in the range 4 to 30 seconds
Default: 15
Minimum: The higher of 4 or [(Max. Message Age / 2) + 1]
Maximum: 30
Max Age The maximum age of the information transmitted by the Bridge when
it is the Root Bridge. Valid values are in the range 6 to 40 seconds.
Default: 20
Minimum: The higher of 6 or [2 x (Hello Time + 1)].
Maximum: The lower of 40 or [2 x (Forward Delay -1)]
Tx Hold Count The number of BPDUs a bridge port can send per second.
When exceeded, transmission of the next BPDU is delayed. Valid
values are in the range 1 to 10 BPDU's per second.
Hello Time The time that controls the switch to send out the BPDU packet to
check STP current status.
Enter a value between 1 through 10.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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CIST port setting
This page permits the user to configure per port CIST priority and cost.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select the port number from this drop-down menu.
Priority Controls the port priority. This can be used to control priority of ports
having identical port cost. (See above).
Default: 128
Range: 0-240, in steps of 16
Internal Path Cost (0 =
Auto) Controls the path cost incurred by the port.
The Auto setting will set the path cost as appropriate by the physical
link speed using the 802.1D recommended values. Using the Specific
setting, a user-defined value can be entered.
The path cost is used when establishing the active topology of the
network. Lower path cost ports are chosen as forwarding ports in
favor of higher path cost ports. Valid values are in the range 1 to
200000000.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
MST instance configuration
Configure the MST instance settings on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
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Object Description
MSTI ID Assign an MSTI ID. The range for the MSTI ID is 1-15.
VLAN List (1-4096) Assign a VLAN list to a special MSTI ID.
The range for the VLAN list is 1-4094.
Priority Controls the bridge priority. Lower numerical values have higher
priority.
The bridge priority plus the MSTI instance number, concatenated with
the 6-byte MAC address of the switch, forms a Bridge Identifier.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
MST port setting
The MSTI Port Configuration page permits the user to inspect and change the current
STP MSTI port configurations. A MSTI port is a virtual port, which is instantiated
separately for each active CIST (physical) port for each MSTI instance configured and
applicable for the port. The MSTI instance must be selected before displaying actual
MSTI port configuration options.
This page contains MSTI port settings for physical and aggregated ports. The
aggregation settings are global.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
MST ID Select the special MST ID to configure path cost and priority.
Port Select Select the port number from this drop-down menu.
Priority Controls the port priority. This can be used to control priority of ports having
identical port cost. (See above).
Default: 128
Range: 0-240, in steps of 16
Internal Path Cost
(0 = Auto) Controls the path cost incurred by the port.
The Auto setting will set the path cost as appropriate by the physical link speed
using the 802.1D recommended values. Using the Specific setting, a user-
defined value can be entered.
The path cost is used when establishing the active topology of the network.
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Object Description
Lower path cost ports are chosen as forwarding ports in favor of higher path
cost ports. Valid values are in the range 1 to 200000000.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
STP statistics
The STP Statistics page displays the STP port statistics counters for physical ports in
the currently selected switch.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port The switch port number of the logical STP port.
Configuration BPDUs Received The current configuration BPDUs received.
TCN BPDUs Received The current TCN BPDUs received.
MSTP BPDUs Received The current MSTP BPDUs received.
Configuration BPDUs
Transmitted The configuration BPDUs transmitted.
TCN BPDUs Transmitted The current TCN BPDUs transmitted.
MSTP BPDUs Transmitted The current BPDUs transmitted.
Multicast
Properties
Configure multicast properties on this page.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Unknown Multicast Action Unknown multicast traffic method:
Drop, Flood or send to Router Port.
IPv4 Forward Method Configure the IPv4 multicast forward method.
IPv6 Forward Method Configure the IPv6 multicast forward method.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
IGMP snooping
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) allows hosts and routers to share
information about multicast groups memberships. IGMP snooping is a switch feature
that monitors the exchange of IGMP messages and copies them to the CPU for feature
processing. The overall purpose of IGMP snooping is to limit the forwarding of multicast
frames to only ports that are a member of the multicast group.
About IGMP snooping
Computers and network devices that need to receive multicast transmissions must
inform nearby routers that they will become members of a multicast group. IGMP is
used to communicate this information. IGMP is also used to periodically check the
multicast group for members that are no longer active. In the case where there is more
than one multicast router on a sub network, one router is elected as ‘queried.’ This
router then keeps track of the membership of the multicast groups that have active
members. The information received from IGMP is then used to determine whether or
not multicast packets should be forwarded to a given sub network. Using IGMP, the
router can check to see if there is at least one member of a multicast group on a given
sub network. If there are no members on a sub network, packets will not be forwarded
to that sub network.
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Multicast service
Multicast flooding
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IGMP snooping multicast stream control
IGMP versions 1 and 2
Multicast groups allow members to join or leave at any time. IGMP provides the method
for members and multicast routers to communicate when joining or leaving a multicast
group. IGMP version 1 is defined in RFC 1112. It has a fixed packet size and no
optional data. The format of an IGMP packet is shown below:
IGMP message format
Octets:
0 8 16 31
Type Response Time Checksum
Group Address (all zeros if this is a query)
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The IGMP type codes are shown below:
Type Meaning
0x11 Membership Query (if Group Address is 0.0.0.0)
0x11 Specific Group Membership Query (if Group Address is Present)
0x16 Membership Report (version 2)
0x17 Leave a Group (version 2)
0x12 Membership Report (version 1)
IGMP packets allow multicast routers to keep track of the membership of multicast
groups on their respective sub networks. The following outlines what is communicated
between a multicast router and a multicast group member using IGMP.
• A host sends an IGMP “report” to join a group
• A host will never send a report when it wants to leave a group (for version 1).
• A host will send a “leave” report when it wants to leave a group (for version 2).
Multicast routers send IGMP queries (to the all-hosts group address: 224.0.0.1)
periodically to see whether any group members exist on their sub networks. If there is
no response from a particular group, the router assumes that there are no group
members on the network.
The Time-to-Live (TTL) field of query messages is set to 1 so that the queries will not
be forwarded to other sub networks.
IGMP version 2 introduces some enhancements such as a method to elect a multicast
queried for each LAN, an explicit leave message, and query messages that are specific
to a given group.
The states a computer will go through to join or to leave a multicast group are as
follows:
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IGMP querier
A router or multicast-enabled switch can periodically ask their hosts if they want to
receive multicast traffic. If there is more than one router/switch on the LAN performing
IP multicasting, one of these devices is elected “querier” and assumes the role of
querying the LAN for group members. It then propagates the service requests to any
upstream multicast switch/router to ensure that it will continue to receive the multicast
service.
Note: Multicast routers use this information, along with a multicast routing protocol such
as DVMRP or PIM, to support IP multicasting across the Internet.
IGMP settings
This page provides IGMP snooping-related configuration options. Most of the settings
are global, whereas the Router Port configuration is related to the current unit, as
reflected by the page header.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
IGMP Snooping
Status Enable or Disable IGMP snooping. The default value is Disable.
IGMP Snooping
Version Sets the IGMP Snooping operation version. Possible versions are:
v2: Set IGMP Snooping supported IGMP version 2.
v3: Set IGMP Snooping supported IGMP version 3.
IGMP Snooping
Report Suppression Limits the membership report traffic sent to multicast-capable routers.
When you disable report suppression, all IGMP reports are sent as-is to
multicast-capable routers.
The default is Enable.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Edit to edit parameters.
IGMP querier setting
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Select VLAN ID from this drop-down menu.
Querier State Enable or disable the querier state.
The default value is "Disabled".
Querier Version Sets the querier version for compatibility with other devices on the network.
Version: 2 or 3;
Default: 2
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
IGMP static group
Multicast filtering can be dynamically configured using IGMP Snooping and IGMP
Query messages as described in previous sections. For certain applications that
require tighter control, you may need to statically configure a multicast service on the
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industrial managed switch. First, add all the ports attached to participating hosts to a
common VLAN, and then assign the multicast service to that VLAN group.
• Static multicast addresses are never aged out.
• When a multicast address is assigned to an interface in a specific VLAN, the
corresponding traffic can only be forwarded to ports within that VLAN.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Select the VLAN ID from this drop-down menu.
Group IP Address The IP address for a specific multicast service.
Member Ports Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Add to add an IGMP router port entry.
• Click Edit to edit parameters.
IGMP router setting
Depending on your network connections, IGMP snooping may not always be able to
locate the IGMP querier. Therefore, if the IGMP querier is a known multicast router/
switch connected over the network to an interface (port or trunk) on the switch, you can
manually configure the interface (and a specified VLAN) to join all the current multicast
groups supported by the attached router. This can ensure that multicast traffic is
passed to all the appropriate interfaces within the industrial managed switch.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Selects the VLAN to propagate all multicast traffic coming from the attached
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Object Description
multicast router.
Type Sets the Router port type:
Static
Forbid
Static Ports Select Specify which ports act as router ports. A router port is a port on the Ethernet
switch that leads towards the Layer 3 multicast device or IGMP querier.
Forbid Port Select Forbid certain ports from acting as router ports.
Buttons
• Click Add to add a IGMP router port entry.
• Click Edit to edit parameters.
• Click Delete to delete the group ID entry.
IGMP forward all
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Select the VLAN ID from this drop-down menu to assign IGMP membership.
Port The switch port number of the logical port.
Membership Select IGMP membership for each interface:
Forbidden: Interface is forbidden from automatically joining the IGMP via
MVR.
None: Interface is not a member of the VLAN. Packets associated with this
VLAN will not be transmitted by the interface.
Static: Interface is a member of the IGMP.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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IGMP snooping statistics
This page provides IGMP snooping statistics.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Total RX The current total RX.
Valid RX The current valid RX.
Invalid RX The current invalid RX.
Other RX The current other RX.
Leave RX The current leave RX.
Report RX The current report RX.
General Query RX The current general query RX
Special Group Query RX The current special group query RX
Special Group & Source
Query RX The current special group & source query RX.
Leave TX The current leave TX
Report TX The current report TX
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Object Description
General Query TX The current general query TX
Special Group Query TX The current special group query TX
Special Group & Source
Query TX The current special group & source query TX
Buttons
• Click Refresh to refresh the page immediately.
• Click Clear to clear all statistics counters.
MLD snooping
MLD setting
This page provides MLD snooping-related configuration options. Most of the settings
are global, whereas the Router Port configuration is related to the current unit, as
reflected by the page header.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
MLD Snooping Status Enable or disable the MLD snooping. The default value is Disable.
MLD Snooping Version Sets the MLD Snooping operation version. Possible versions are:
v1: Set MLD Snooping supported MLD version 1.
v2: Set MLD Snooping supported MLD version 2.
MLD Snooping Report
Suppression Limits the membership report traffic sent to multicast-capable routers.
When you disable report suppression, all MLD reports are sent as-is to
multicast-capable routers. The default is Enable.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Edit to edit parameters in the MLD snooping table.
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MLD static group
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Select the VLAN ID from this drop-down menu.
Group IP Address The IP address for a specific multicast service.
Member Ports Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Edit to edit parameters in the MLD Static Groups table.
MLD router setting
Depending on your network connections, MLD snooping may not always be able to
locate the MLD querier. Therefore, if the MLD querier is a known multicast router/
switch connected over the network to an interface (port or trunk) on the industrial
managed switch, you can manually configure the interface (and a specified VLAN) to
join all the current multicast groups supported by the attached router. This can ensure
that multicast traffic is passed to all the appropriate interfaces within the switch.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Selects the VLAN to propagate all multicast traffic coming from the attached
multicast router.
Type Sets the Router port type:
Static
Forbid
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Object Description
Static Ports Select Specify which ports act as router ports. A router port is a port on the Ethernet
switch that leads towards the Layer 3 multicast device or IGMP querier.
Forbid Port Select Forbid certain ports from acting as router ports.
Buttons
• Click Add to add a IGMP router port entry.
• Click Edit to edit parameters in the MLD Router Port Status table.
• Click Delete to delete the group ID entry in the MLD Router Port Status table.
MLD routing table
This page includes the Dynamic Router, Static Router, and Forbidden Router table
information.
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MLD forward all
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Select the VLAN ID from this drop-down menu to assign MLD membership.
Port The switch port number of the logical port.
Membership Select MLD membership for each interface:
Forbidden: Interface is forbidden from automatically joining the MLD via
MVR.
None: Interface is not a member of the VLAN. Packets associated with this
VLAN will not be transmitted by the interface.
Static: Interface is a member of the MLD.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
MLD snooping statistics
This page provides MLD snooping statistics.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Total RX The current total RX.
Valid RX The current valid RX.
Invalid RX The current invalid RX.
Other RX The current other RX.
Leave RX The current leave RX.
Report RX The current report RX.
General Query RX The current general query RX
Special Group Query RX The current special group query RX
Special Group & Source
Query RX The current special group & source query RX.
Leave TX The current leave TX
Report TX The current report TX
General Query TX The current general query TX
Special Group Query TX The current special group query TX
Special Group & Source
Query TX The current special group & source query TX
Buttons
• Click Refresh to refresh the page immediately.
• Click Clear to clear all statistics counters.
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Multicast throttling setting
Multicast throttling sets a maximum number of multicast groups that a port can join at
the same time. When the maximum number of groups is reached on a port, the switch
can take one of two actions; either “deny” or “replace.” If the action is set to deny, any
new multicast join reports will be dropped. If the action is set to replace, the switch
randomly removes an existing group and replaces it with the new multicast group.
After configuring multicast profiles, you can assign them to interfaces on the industrial
managed switch. The multicast throttling number can also be set to limit the number of
multicast groups an interface can join at the same time.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
IP Type Select IPv4 or IPv6 from this drop-down menu.
Port Select Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
Max Groups Sets the maximum number of multicast groups an interface can join at the
same time.
Range: 0-256;
Default: 256
Action Sets the action to take when the maximum number of multicast groups for
the interface has been exceeded.
(Default: Deny)
Deny - The new multicast group join report is dropped
Replace - The new multicast group replaces an existing group
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Multicast filter
In certain switch applications, the administrator may want to control the multicast
services available to end users. For example, an IP/TV service is based on a specific
subscription plan. The multicast filtering feature fulfills this requirement by restricting
access to specified multicast services on a switch port.
Multicast filtering enables you to assign a profile to a switch port that specifies multicast
groups that are permitted or denied on the port. A multicast filter profile can contain one
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or more, or a range of multicast addresses; but only one profile can be assigned to a
port. When enabled, multicast join reports received on the port are checked against the
filter profile. If a requested multicast group is permitted, the multicast join report is
forwarded as normal. If a requested multicast group is denied, the multicast join report
is dropped.
When you have created a Multicast profile number, you can then configure the
multicast groups to filter and set the access mode.
Command Usage
• Each profile has only one access mode; either permit or deny.
• When the access mode is set to permit, multicast join reports are processed when a
multicast group falls within the controlled range.
• When the access mode is set to deny, multicast join reports are only processed
when the multicast group is not in the controlled range.
Multicast profile setting
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
IP Type Select IPv4 or IPv6 from this drop-down menu
Profile Index Indicates the ID of this particular profile
Group from Specifies multicast groups to include in the profile. Specify a multicast group
range by entering a start IP address.
Group to Specifies multicast groups to include in the profile. Specify a multicast group
range by entering an end IP address.
Action Sets the access mode of the profile; either permit or deny.
Permit Multicast join reports are processed when a multicast group falls
within the controlled range.
Deny When the access mode is set to, multicast join reports are only
processed when the multicast group is not in the controlled range.
Buttons
Click Add to add a multicast profile entry.
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• Click Edit to edit parameters in the IGMP/MLD Profile Status page.
• Click Delete to delete the IGMP/MLD profile entry in the IGMP/MLD Profile Status
page.
IBMP filter setting
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
Filter Profile ID Select a filter profile ID from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Show to display parameters in the Port Filter Status page.
• Click Delete to delete the IGMP profile entry in the Port Filter Status page.
MLD filter setting
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
Filter Profile ID Select a filter profile ID from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Show to display parameters in the Port Filter Status page.
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• Click Delete to delete the MLD profile entry in the Port Filter Status page.
Quality of Service (QoS)
Understanding QoS
Quality of Service (QoS) is an advanced traffic prioritization feature that allows you to
establish control over network traffic. QoS permits the assignment of various grades of
network service to different types of traffic such as multi-media, video, protocol-specific,
time critical, and file-backup traffic.
QoS reduces bandwidth limitations, delay, loss, and jitter. It also provides increased
reliability for delivery of data and permits prioritization of certain applications across the
network. You can define exactly how you want the switch to treat selected applications
and types of traffic. Use QoS on the system to control a wide variety of network traffic
functions by:
• Classifying traffic based on packet attributes.
• Assigning priorities to traffic (for example, setting higher priorities for time-critical or
business-critical applications).
• Applying security policy through traffic filtering.
• Providing predictable throughput for multimedia applications such as video
conferencing or voice over IP by minimizing delay and jitter.
• Improving performance for specific types of traffic and preserving performance as
the amount of traffic grows.
• Reducing the need to constantly add bandwidth to the network.
• Managing network congestion.
To implement QoS on a network, perform the following actions:
1. Define a service level to determine the priority that will be applied to traffic.
2. Apply a classifier to determine how the incoming traffic will be classified and thus
treated by the industrial managed switch.
3. Create a QoS profile that associates a service level and a classifier.
4. Apply a QoS profile to a port(s).
The QoS page of the industrial managed switch contains three types of QoS mode, all
of which rely on predefined fields within the packet to determine the output queue:
• 802.1p Tag Priority – The output queue assignment is determined by the IEEE
802.1p VLAN priority tag.
• IP DSCP – The output queue assignment is determined by the TOS or DSCP field
in the IP packets.
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• Port-Base Priority – Any packet received from the specify high priority port will
treated as a high priority packet.
The industrial managed switch supports an eight priority level queue, and the queue
service rate is based on the WRR(Weight Round Robin) and WFQ (Weighted Fair
Queuing) alorithm. The WRR ratio of high-priority and low-priority can be set to 4:1 and
8:1.
General
QoS properties
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
QoS Mode Enable or disable QoS mode.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
QoS port settings
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
CoS Value Select CoS value from this drop-down menu
Remark CoS Disable or enable remark CoS
Remark DSCP Disable or enable remark DSCP
Remark IP Precedence Disable or enable remark IP Precedence
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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Queue settings
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Queue The current queue ID.
Strict Priority Determines if the scheduler mode is "Strict Priority" on this switch port.
WRR Determines if the scheduler mode is "Weighted" on this switch port
Weight Determines the weight for this queue. This value is restricted to 1-100.
This parameter is only shown if "Scheduler Mode" is set to "Weighted".
% of WRR Bandwidth The current bandwidth for each queue.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
CoS mapping
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Queue Select a Queue value from this drop-down menu.
Class of Service Select a CoS value from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
DSCP mapping
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Queue Select a Queue value from this drop-down menu.
DSCP Select DSCP value from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
IP precedence mapping
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Queue Select a Queue value from this drop-down menu.
IP Precedence Select IP Precedence value from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
QoS basic mode
Global settings
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Trust Mode Set the QoS mode.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Port settings
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
Trust Mode Set the trust mode to Enabled or Disabled.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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Rate Limit
Configure the switch port rate limit for the switch port on this page.
Ingress bandwidth control
Select the ingress bandwidth preamble on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
State Enable or Disable the port rate policer. The default value is Disabled.
Rate (Kbps) Configure the rate for the port policer. The default value is "unlimited".
Valid values are in the range 0 to 1000000.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Egress bandwidth control
Select the egress bandwidth preamble on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
State Enable or Disable the port rate policer. The default value is Disabled.
Rate (Kbps) Configure the rate for the port policer. The default value is "unlimited".
Valid values are in the range 0 to 1000000.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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Egress queue
Select the egress queue bandwidth control settings on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port number from this drop-down menu.
Queue Select a queue number from this drop-down menu.
State Enable or Disable the port rate policer. The default value is Disabled.
CIR (Kbps) Configure the CIR for the port policer. The default value is "unlimited".
Valid values are in the range 0 to 1000000.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Voice VLAN
Introduction
Configure the switch port rate limit for the switch port on this page.
Voice VLAN is specially configured for user voice data traffic. By setting a Voice VLAN
and adding the ports of the connected voice equipment to Voice VLAN, the user can to
configure QoS (Quality of service) service for voice data, and improve voice data traffic
transmission priority to ensure calling quality.
The switch can judge if the data traffic is the voice data traffic from specified equipment
according to the source MAC address field of the data packet entering the port. The
packet with the source MAC address complying with the system defined voice
equipment OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) will be considered the voice data
traffic and transmitted to the Voice VLAN.
The configuration is based on the MAC address, acquiring a mechanism in which every
piece of voice equipment transmitting information through the network has its own
unique MAC address. VLAN traces the address belonging to the specified MAC. By this
means, VLAN permits the voice equipment to always belong to Voice VLAN when
relocated physically. The greatest advantage of the VLAN is that the equipment can be
automatically placed into Voice VLAN according to its voice traffic which will be
transmitted at a specified priority. Meanwhile, when voice equipment is physically
relocated, it still belongs to the Voice VLAN without any further configuration
modification, which is because it is based on voice equipment other than the switch
port.
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Note: The Voice VLAN feature enables the voice traffic to forward on the Voice VLAN,
and then the switch can be classified and scheduled to network traffic. We recommend
two VLANs on a port -- one for voice and one for data.
Note: Before connecting the IP device to the switch, the IP phone should configure the
voice VLAN ID correctly. It should be configured through its own GUI.
Properties
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Voice VLAN State Indicates the Voice VLAN mode operation. The MSTP feature must
be disabled before Voice VLAN is enabled to avoid an ingress filter
conflict. Selections include:
Enabled: Enable Voice VLAN mode operation.
Disabled: Disable Voice VLAN mode operation
Voice VLAN ID Indicates the Voice VLAN ID. It should be a unique VLAN ID in the
system and cannot equal each port PVID. It is conflict configuration if
the value equal management VID, MVR VID, PVID, etc.
The allowed range is 1 to 4095.
Remark CoS/802.1p Select 802.1p value from this drop-down menu
1p remark Enabled or Disabled 802.1p remark
Aging Time (30-65536 min) The time after which a port is removed from the Voice VLAN when
VoIP traffic is no longer received on the port.
(\Default: 1440 minutes).
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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Telephony OUI MAC setting
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
OUI Address A telephony OUI address is a globally unique identifier assigned to a
vendor by IEEE.
It must be six characters long and the input format is "xx:xx:xx" (x is a
hexadecimal digit).
Description User-defined text that identifies VoIP devices.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Edit to edit voice VLAN OUI group parameters on the Voice VLAN OUI Group
page.
• Click Delete to delete voice VLAN OUI group parameters.
Telephony OUI port setting
The Voice VLAN feature enables voice traffic forwarding on the Voice VLAN so that the
switch can classify and schedule network traffic. We recommend that there be two
VLANs on a port – one for voice and one for data. Before connecting the IP device to
the switch, the IP phone should configure the voice VLAN ID correctly. It should be
configured through its own GUI.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port number from this drop-down menu
State Enable or disable the voice VLAN port setting. The default value is
Disabled.
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Object Description
CoS Mode Select the current CoS mode
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Security
This section describes how to control access to the industrial managed switch,
including user access and management control.
The Security page contains links to the following main topics:
• 802.1x
• Radius Server
• TACACS+ Server
• AAA
• Access
• Management Access Method
• DHCP Snooping
• Dynamic ARP Inspection
• IP Source Guard
• Port Security
• DoS
• Storm Control
802.1X
In the 802.1X protocol, the user is called the supplicant, the switch is the authenticator,
and the RADIUS server is the authentication server. The switch acts as the man-in-the-
middle, forwarding requests and responses between the supplicant and the
authentication server. Frames sent between the supplicant and the switch are special
802.1X frames, known as EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN)
frames. EAPOL frames encapsulate EAP PDUs (RFC3748). Frames sent between the
switch and the RADIUS server are RADIUS packets. RADIUS packets also
encapsulate EAP PDUs together with other attributes like the switch's IP address,
name, and the supplicant's port number on the switch. EAP is very flexible in that it
allows for different authentication methods like MD5-Challenge, PEAP, and TLS. The
authenticator (the switch) doesn't need to know which authentication method the
supplicant and the authentication server are using, or how many information exchange
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frames are needed for a particular method. The switch simply encapsulates the EAP
part of the frame into the relevant type (EAPOL or RADIUS) and forwards it.
When authentication is complete, the RADIUS server sends a special packet containing
a success or failure indication. In addition to forwarding this decision to the supplicant,
the switch uses it to open up or block traffic on the switch port connected to the
supplicant.
Overview of User Authentication
The industrial managed switch can be configured to authenticate users logging into the
system for management access using local or remote authentication methods, such as
telnet and web browser. This industrial managed switch provides secure network
management access using the following options:
• Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS)
• Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+)
• Local user name and Privilege Level control
IEEE 802.1X port-based authentication
The IEEE 802.1X standard defines a client-server-based access control and
authentication protocol that restricts unauthorized clients from connecting to a LAN
through publicly accessible ports. The authentication server authenticates each client
connected to a switch port before making available any services offered by the switch
or the LAN.
Until the client is authenticated, 802.1X access control allows only EAPOL traffic
through the port to which the client is connected. After authentication is successful,
normal traffic can pass through the port.
This section includes this conceptual information:
• Device Roles
• Authentication Initiation and Message Exchange
• Ports in Authorized and Unauthorized States
Device roles
With 802.1X port-based authentication, the devices in the network have specific roles
as shown below.
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• Client — The device (workstation) that requests access to the LAN and switch
services and responds to requests from the switch. The workstation must be running
802.1X-compliant client software such as that offered in the Microsoft Windows
operating systems (the client is the supplicant in the IEEE 802.1X specification).
• Authentication server — Performs the actual authentication of the client. The
authentication server validates the identity of the client and notifies the switch if the
client is authorized to access the LAN and switch services. Because the switch acts
as the proxy, the authentication service is transparent to the client. In this release,
the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) security system with
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) extensions is the only supported
authentication server; it is available in Cisco Secure Access Control Server version
3.0. RADIUS operates in a client/server model in which secure authentication
information is exchanged between the RADIUS server and one or more RADIUS
clients.
• Switch (802.1X device) — Controls the physical access to the network based on
the authentication status of the client. The switch acts as an intermediary (proxy)
between the client and the authentication server, requesting identity information
from the client, verifying that information with the authentication server, and relaying
a response to the client. The switch includes the RADIUS client, which is
responsible for encapsulating and decapsulating the Extensible Authentication
Protocol (EAP) frames and interacting with the authentication server. When the
switch receives EAPOL frames and relays them to the authentication server, the
Ethernet header is stripped and the remaining EAP frame is re-encapsulated in the
RADIUS format. The EAP frames are not modified or examined during
encapsulation, and the authentication server must support EAP within the native
frame format. When the switch receives frames from the authentication server, the
server's frame header is removed, leaving the EAP frame, which is then
encapsulated for Ethernet and sent to the client.
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Authentication initiation and message exchange
The switch or the client can initiate authentication. If you enable authentication on a
port by using the dot1x port-control auto interface configuration command, the switch
must initiate authentication when it determines that the port link state transitions from
down to up. It then sends an EAP-request/identity frame to the client to request its
identity (typically, the switch sends an initial identity/request frame followed by one or
more requests for authentication information). Upon receipt of the frame, the client
responds with an EAP-response/identity frame. However, if the client does not receive
an EAP-request/identity frame from the switch during bootup, the client can initiate
authentication by sending an EAPOL-start frame, which prompts the switch to request
the client's identity.
If 802.1X is not enabled or supported on the network access device, any EAPOL
frames from the client are dropped. If the client does not receive an EAP-
request/identity frame after three attempts to start authentication, the client transmits
frames as if the port is in the authorized state. A port in the authorized state effectively
means that the client has been successfully authenticated.
When the client supplies its identity, the switch begins its role as the intermediary,
passing EAP frames between the client and the authentication server until
authentication succeeds or fails. If the authentication succeeds, the switch port is
authorized.
The specific exchange of EAP frames depends on the authentication method being
used. The diagram below shows a message exchange initiated by the client using the
One-Time-Password (OTP) authentication method with a RADIUS server.
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Ports in authorized and unauthorized states
The switch port state determines if the client is granted access to the network. The port
starts in the unauthorized state. While in this state, the port disallows all ingress and
egress traffic except for 802.1X protocol packets. When a client is successfully
authenticated, the port transitions to the authorized state, allowing all traffic for the
client to flow normally.
If a client that does not support 802.1X is connected to an unauthorized 802.1X port,
the switch requests the client's identity. In this situation, the client does not respond to
the request, the port remains in the unauthorized state, and the client is not granted
access to the network.
In contrast, when an 802.1X-enabled client connects to a port that is not running the
802.1X protocol, the client initiates the authentication process by sending the EAPOL-
start frame. When no response is received, the client sends the request a fixed number
of times. If no response is received, the client begins sending frames as if the port is in
the authorized state
If the client is successfully authenticated (receives an Accept frame from the
authentication server), the port state changes to authorized, and all frames from the
authenticated client are allowed through the port. If the authentication fails, the port
remains in the unauthorized state, but authentication can be retried. If the
authentication server cannot be reached, the switch can retransmit the request. If no
response is received from the server after the specified number of attempts,
authentication fails and network access is not granted.
When a client logs off, it sends an EAPOL-logoff message, causing the switch port to
transition to the unauthorized state.
If the link state of a port transitions from up to down, or if an EAPOL-logoff frame is
received, the port returns to the unauthorized state.
802.1X setting
Configure the IEEE 802.1X authentication system on this page.
The IEEE 802.1X standard defines a port-based access control procedure that
prevents unauthorized access to a network by requiring users to first submit credentials
for authentication. One or more central servers, the backend servers, determine
whether the user is allowed access to the network. These backend (RADIUS) servers
are configured on the "Security→802.1X Access Control→802.1X Setting" page. The
IEEE802.1X standard defines port-based operation, but non-standard variants
overcome security limitations as demonstrating in the following sections.
The page includes the following fields:
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Object Description
802.1X Indicates if NAS is globally enabled or disabled on the switch. If
globally disabled, all ports allow frame forwarding.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
802.1X port setting
Configure the IEEE 802.1X port settings on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from the drop-down menu.
Mode If NAS is globally enabled, this selection controls the port's
authentication mode. The following modes are available:
No Authentication
Authentication
Force Authorized
In this mode, the switch will send one EAPOL Success frame when
the port link appears, and any client on the port will be permitted to
access the network without authentication.
Force Unauthorized
In this mode, the switch sends one EAPOL Failure frame when the
port link appears, and any client on the port will not be permitted to
access the network.
Reauthentication Enable If selected, successfully authenticated supplicants/clients are
reauthenticated after the interval specified by the Reauthentication
Period. Reauthentication for 802.1X-enabled ports can be used to
detect if a new device is plugged into a switch port or if a supplicant is
no longer attached.
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Object Description
Reauthentication Period Determines the period, in seconds, after which a connected client
must be reauthenticated. This is only active if the Reauthentication
Enabled checkbox is checked.
Valid values are in the range 30 to 65535 seconds.
Quiet Period Sets the amount of time to keep silent on supplicant authentication
failure.
Supplicant Period Sets the interval for the supplicant to re-transmit EAP request/identify
frame.
Maximum Request Retries The number of times that the switch transmits an EAPOL Request
Identity frame without response before considering entering the
Guest VLAN. The value can only be changed if the Guest VLAN
option is globally enabled.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Edit to edit port parameters in the Modify column.
Guest VLAN setting
When a Guest VLAN enabled port's link is recognized, the switch starts transmitting
EAPOL Request Identity frames. If the number of transmissions of such frames
exceeds Max. Reauth. Count, and no EAPOL frames have been received in the
meantime, the switch considers entering the Guest VLAN. The interval between
transmission of EAPOL Request Identity frames is configured with EAPOL Timeout. If
Allow Guest VLAN if EAPOL Seen is enabled, the port will be placed in the Guest
VLAN. If disabled, the switch will first check its history to see if an EAPOL frame has
previously been received on the port (this history is cleared if the port link goes down or
the port's Admin State is changed) and, if not, the port will be placed in the Guest
VLAN. Otherwise it will not move to the Guest VLAN, but continue transmitting EAPOL
Request Identity frames at the rate given by EAPOL Timeout.
Once in the Guest VLAN, the port is considered authenticated, and all attached clients
on the port are allowed access on this VLAN. The switch will not transmit an EAPOL
Success frame when entering the Guest VLAN.
While in the Guest VLAN, the switch monitors the link for EAPOL frames, and if one
such frame is received, the switch immediately takes the port out of the Guest VLAN
and starts authenticating the supplicant according to the port mode. If an EAPOL frame
is received, the port will never be able to go back into the Guest VLAN if the "Allow
Guest VLAN if EAPOL Seen" is disabled.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Guest VLAN ID This is the value that a port's Port VLAN ID is set to if a port is moved
into the Guest VLAN. It can only be changed if the Guest VLAN
option is globally enabled.
Valid values are in the range [1~4094].
Guest VLAN Enabled A Guest VLAN is a special VLAN - typically with limited network
access - where 802.1X-unaware clients are placed after a network
administrator-defined timeout. The switch follows a set of rules for
entering and leaving the Guest VLAN as listed below.
The Guest VLAN ID Enable checkbox provides a quick way to
globally enable/disable Guest VLAN functionality.
When selected, the individual ports' ditto setting determines whether
the port can be moved into Guest VLAN.
When deselected, the ability to move to the Guest VLAN is disabled
for all ports.
Guest VLAN Port Setting When Guest VLAN is both globally enabled and enabled (selected)
for a given port, the switch considers moving the port into the Guest
VLAN according to the rules outlined below.
This option is only available for EAPOL-based modes (i.e., Port-
based 802.1X).
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Authenticated host table
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
User Name The current user name.
Port The current port number.
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Object Description
Session Time The current session time.
Authentication Method The current authentication method.
MAC Address The current MAC address.
RADIUS server
Configure the RADIUS servers on the RADIUS settings page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Retries Timeout is the number of seconds, in the range 1 to 1000, to wait for a reply
from a RADIUS server before retransmitting the request.
Timeout for Reply Retransmit is the number of times, in the range 1 to 1000, a RADIUS request
is retransmitted to a server that is not responding. If the server has not
responded after the last retransmit it is considered to be dead.
Dead Time The Dead Time, which can be set to a number between 0 and 3600
seconds, is the period during which the switch will not send new requests to
a server that has failed to respond to a previous request. This will stop the
switch from continually trying to contact a server that it has already
determined as dead.
Setting the Dead Time to a value greater than 0 (zero) will enable this
feature, but only if more than one server has been configured.
Key String The secret key – up to 63 characters long – shared between the RADIUS
server and the switch.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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New Radius server configuration
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Server Definition Set the server definition.
Server IP Address of the Radius server IP/name
Authentication Port The UDP port to use on the RADIUS Authentication Server. If the port is set
to 0 (zero), the default port (1812) is used on the RADIUS Authentication
Server.
Acct Port The UDP port to use on the RADIUS Accounting Server. If the port is set to 0
(zero), the default port (1813) is used on the RADIUS Accounting Server.
Retries Timeout is the number of seconds, in the range 1 to 10, to wait for a reply
from a RADIUS server before retransmitting the request.
Timeout for Reply Retransmit is the number of times, in the range 1 to 30, a RADIUS request is
retransmitted to a server that is not responding. If the server has not
responded after the last retransmit it is considered to be dead.
Dead Time The Dead Time, which can be set to a number between 0 and 3600
seconds, is the period during which the switch will not send new requests to
a server that has failed to respond to a previous request. This will stop the
switch from continually trying to contact a server that it has already
determined as dead.
Setting the Dead Time to a value greater than 0 (zero) will enable this
feature, but only if more than one server has been configured.
Key String The secret key – up to 63 characters long – shared between the RADIUS
server and the switch.
Server Priority Set the server priority.
Usage Type Set the usage type. The following modes are available:
Login
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Object Description
802.1X
All
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Edit to edit port parameters in the Modify column.
• Click Delete to delete a login interface entry.
TACACS+ server
The TACACS+ Server Configuration page permits configuration of the TACACS+
Servers.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Timeout for Reply Retransmit is the number of times, in the range 1 to 30, a TACACS+ request
is retransmitted to a server that is not responding. If the server has not
responded after the last retransmit it is considered to be dead.
Key String The secret key – up to 63 characters long – shared between the RADIUS
server and the switch.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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New TACACS+ server configuration
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Server Definition Set the server definition
Server IP Address of the TACACS+ server IP/name
Server Port Network (TCP) port of TACACS+ server used for authentication messages.
(Range: 1-65535; Default: 49)
Server Key The key- shared between the TACACS+ Authentication Server and the
switch.
Server Timeout The number of seconds the switch waits for a reply from the server before it
resends the request.
Server Priority Set the server priority
Buttons
• Click Add to add a new TACACS+server.
• Click Edit to edit port parameters in the Modify column.
• Click Delete to delete a login interface entry.
AAA
Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) provides a framework for
configuring access control on the industrial managed switch. Its three security functions
can be summarized as follows:
• Authentication — Identifies users that request access to the network.
• Authorization — Determines if users can access specific services.
• Accounting — Provides reports, auditing, and billing for services that users have
accessed on the network.
The AAA functions require the use of configured RADIUS or TACACS+ servers in the
network. The security servers can be defined as sequential groups that are then
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applied as a method for controlling user access to specified services. For example,
when the switch attempts to authenticate a user, a request is sent to the first server in
the defined group, if there is no response the second server will be tried, and so on. If
at any point a pass or fail is returned, the process stops.
The industrial managed switch supports the following AAA features:
• Accounting for IEEE 802.1X authenticated users that access the network through
the industrial managed switch.
• Accounting for users that access management interfaces on the industrial managed
switch through the Telnet.
• Accounting for commands that users enter at specific CLI privilege levels.
Authorization of users that access management interfaces on the industrial
managed switch through the Telnet.
To configure AAA on the industrial managed switch, follow this general process:
1. Configure RADIUS and TACACS+ server access parameters. See “Configuring
Local/Remote Logon Authentication”.
2. Define RADIUS and TACACS+ server groups to support the accounting and
authorization of services.
3. Define a method name for each service to which you want to apply accounting or
authorization and specify the RADIUS or TACACS+ server groups to use. Apply the
method names to port or line interfaces.
Note: This guide assumes that RADIUS and TACACS+ servers have already been
configured to support AAA. Refer to the documentation provided with the RADIUS or
TACACS+ server software for further server software configuration details.
Login list
Configure login list parameters on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
List Name Defines a name for the authentication list.
Method 1-4 Set the login authentication method:
Empty / None / Local / TACACS+ / RADIUS / Enable
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Buttons
• Click Add to add a new authentication list.
• Click Edit to edit login authentication list parameters in the Modify column.
• Click Delete to delete a login authentication list entry.
Enable list
Configure login list parameters on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
List Name Defines a name for the authentication list.
Method 1-3 Set the login authentication method:
Empty / None / TACACS+ / RADIUS / Enable
Buttons
• Click Add to add a new authentication list.
• Click Edit to edit login authentication list parameters in the Modify column.
• Click Delete to delete a login authentication list entry.
Access
Configure the access management of the industrial managed switch via four different
methods: Telnet, SSH, HTTP, and HTTPs.
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Telnet
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Telnet Service Disable or enable telnet service
Login Authentication List Select login authentication list from this drop-down menu.
Enable Authentication List Select enable authentication list from this drop-down menu.
Session Timeout Set the session timeout value.
Password Retry Count Set the password retry count value.
Silent Time Set the silent time value.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Disconnect to disconnect Telnet communication.
• Click Delete to delete a login authentication list entry.
SSH
Configure SSH on the SSH Configuration page. This page shows the Port Security
status. Port Security is a module with no direct configuration. Configuration comes
indirectly from other user modules. When a user module has enabled port security on a
port, the port is set up for software-based learning. In this mode, frames from unknown
MAC addresses are passed on to the port security module, which in turn asks all user
modules whether to allow this new MAC address to forward or block it. For a MAC
address to be set in the forwarding state, all enabled user modules must unanimously
agree on allowing the MAC address to forward. If only one chooses to block it, it will be
blocked until that user module decides otherwise.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
SSH Service Disable or enable SSH service.
Login Authentication List Select login authentication list from this drop-down menu.
Enable Authentication List Select enable authentication list from this drop-down menu.
Session Timeout Set the session timeout value.
Password Retry Count Set the password retry count value.
Silent Time Set the silent time value.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Disconnect to disconnect Telnet communication.
HTTP
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
HTTP Service Disable or enable HTTP service.
Login Authentication List Select login authentication list from this drop-down menu.
Session Timeout Set the session timeout value.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
HTTPs
Configure HTTPs on the HTTPs Configuration page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
HTTPs Service Disable or enable HTTPs service.
Login Authentication List Select login authentication list from this drop-down menu.
Session Timeout Set the session timeout value.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Access management
Profile rules
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Access Profile Name (1-32
characters) Indicates the access profile name.
Priority (1-65535) Set priority
The allowed value is from 1 to 65535
Management Method Indicates the host can access the switch from
HTTP/HTTPs/telnet/SSH/SNMP/All interface that the host IP address
matched the entry.
Action An IP address can contain any combination of permit or deny rules.
(Default: Permit rules) Sets the access mode of the profile; either
Permit or Deny.
Port Select a port from this drop-down menu.
IP-Source Indicates the IP address for the access management entry.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Edit to edit profile rules in the Modify column.
• Click Delete to delete a profile rules list entry in the Modify column.
Access rules
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Access Profile Select an access profile from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Delete to delete a access profile entry.
DHCP snooping
DHCP snooping is used to block intruders on the untrusted ports of DUT when it tries to
intervene by injecting a bogus DHCP reply packet to a legitimate conversation between
the DHCP client and server.
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Command usage
Table entries are only learned for trusted interfaces. An entry is added or removed
dynamically to the DHCP snooping table when a client receives or releases an IP
address from a DHCP server. Each entry includes a MAC address, IP address, lease
time, VLAN identifier, and port identifier.
When DHCP snooping is enabled, DHCP messages entering an untrusted interface are
filtered based upon dynamic entries learned via DHCP snooping.
Filtering rules are implemented as follows:
• If the global DHCP snooping is disabled, all DHCP packets are forwarded.
• If DHCP snooping is enabled globally, and also enabled on the VLAN where the
DHCP packet is received, all DHCP packets are forwarded for a trusted port. If the
received packet is a DHCP ACK message, a dynamic DHCP snooping entry is also
added to the binding table.
If DHCP snooping is enabled globally, and also enabled on the VLAN where the DHCP
packet is received, but the port is not trusted, it is processed as follows:
• If the DHCP packet is a reply packet from a DHCP server (including OFFER, ACK
or NAK messages), the packet is dropped.
• If the DHCP packet is from a client, such as a DECLINE or RELEASE message, the
switch forwards the packet only if the corresponding entry is found in the binding
table.
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• If the DHCP packet is from a client, such as a DISCOVER, REQUEST, INFORM,
DECLINE or RELEASE message, the packet is forwarded if MAC address
verification is disabled. However, if MAC address verification is enabled, then the
packet will only be forwarded if the client’s hardware address stored in the DHCP
packet is the same as the source MAC address in the Ethernet header.
• If the DHCP packet is not a recognizable type, it is dropped.
• If a DHCP packet from a client passes the filtering criteria above, it will only be
forwarded to trusted ports in the same VLAN.
• If a DHCP packet from a server is received on a trusted port, it will be forwarded to
both trusted and untrusted ports in the same VLAN.
• If the DHCP snooping is globally disabled, all dynamic bindings are removed from
the binding table.
Additional considerations when the switch itself is a DHCP client:
• The port(s) through which the switch submits a client request to the DHCP server
must be configured as trusted. Note that the switch will not add a dynamic entry for
itself to the binding table when it receives an ACK message from a DHCP server.
• Also, when the switch sends out DHCP client packets for itself, no filtering takes
place. However, when the switch receives any messages from a DHCP server, any
packets received from untrusted ports are dropped.
Global setting
Configure DHCP Snooping on the DHCP Snooping Configuration page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
DHCP Snooping Indicates the DHCP snooping mode operation. Possible modes are:
Enabled: Enable DHCP snooping mode operation.
When enable DHCP snooping mode operation, the request DHCP
messages will be forwarded to trusted ports and only allowed reply packets
from trusted ports.
Disabled: Disable DHCP snooping mode operation.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
DHCP snooping VLAN setting
When DHCP snooping is enabled globally on the switch, and enabled on the specified
VLAN, DHCP packet filtering will be performed on any untrusted ports within the VLAN.
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When the DHCP snooping is globally disabled, DHCP snooping can still be configured
for specific VLANs, but the changes will not take effect until DHCP snooping is globally
enabled.
When DHCP snooping is globally enabled, and DHCP snooping is then disabled on a
VLAN, all dynamic bindings learned for this VLAN are removed from the binding table.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN List Indicates the ID of this particular VLAN.
DHCP Snooping Indicates the DHCP snooping mode operation. Possible modes are:
Enabled: Enable DHCP snooping mode operation.
When enabling the DHCP snooping mode operation, the request DHCP
messages are forwarded to trusted ports and only permit reply packets from
trusted ports.
Disabled: Disable DHCP snooping mode operation.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Port setting
A trusted interface is an interface that is configured to receive only messages from
within the network. An untrusted interface is an interface that is configured to receive
messages from outside the network or firewall.
When DHCP snooping enabled both globally and on a VLAN, DHCP packet filtering will
be performed on any untrusted ports within the VLAN.
When an untrusted port is changed to a trusted port, all the dynamic DHCP snooping
bindings associated with this port are removed.
Set all ports connected to DHCP servers within the local network or firewall to Trusted.
Set all other ports outside the local network or firewall to Untrusted.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from this drop-down menu.
Type Indicates the DHCP snooping port mode. Possible port modes are:
Trusted: Configures the port as trusted sources of the DHCP message.
Untrusted: Configures the port as untrusted sources of the DHCP message.
Chaddr Check Indicates that the Chaddr check function is enabled on selected port.
Chaddr: Client hardware address.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Statistics
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from this drop-down menu.
Forwarded The current forwarded packets.
Chaddr Check Dropped Dropped chaddr checks.
Untrusted Port Dropped Untrusted ports dropped.
Untrusted Port with Option82
Dropped Untrusted ports with option82 dropped.
Invalid Dropped Invalid dropped packets.
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Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Database agent
When DHCP snooping is enabled, the switch uses the DHCP snooping binding
database to store information about untrusted interfaces. The database can have up to
8192 bindings.
Each database entry (binding) has an IP address, an associated MAC address, the
lease time (in hexadecimal format), the interface to which the binding applies, and the
VLAN to which the interface belongs. A checksum value, the end of each entry, is the
number of bytes from the start of the file to end of the entry. Each entry is 72 bytes,
followed by a space and then the checksum value.
To keep the bindings when the switch reloads, you must use the DHCP snooping
database agent. If the agent is disabled, dynamic ARP or IP source guard is enabled,
and the DHCP snooping binding database has dynamic bindings, the switch loses its
connectivity. If the agent is disabled and only DHCP snooping is enabled, the switch
does not lose its connectivity, but DHCP snooping might not prevent DCHP spoofing
attacks.
The database agent stores the bindings in a file at a configured location. When
reloading, the switch reads the binding file to build the DHCP snooping binding
database. The switch keeps the file current by updating it when the database changes.
When a switch learns of new bindings or when it loses bindings, the switch immediately
updates the entries in the database. The switch also updates the entries in the binding
file. The frequency at which the file is updated is based on a configurable delay, and
the updates are batched. If the file is not updated in a specified time (set by the write-
delay and abort-timeout values), the update stops.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Database Type Select a database type from the drop-down menu.
File Name The name of file image.
Remote Server Fill in the remote server IP address
Write Delay Specify the duration for which the transfer should be delayed
after the binding database changes. The range is from 15 to
86400 seconds. The default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
Timeout Specify when to stop the database transfer process after the
binding database changes.
The range is from 0 to 86400. Use 0 for an infinite duration. The
default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Rate limit
After enabling DHCP snooping, the switch monitors all the DHCP messages and
implements software transmission. Configure the DHCP Rate Limit Setting on this
page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from the drop-down menu.
State The name of file image.
Rate Limit (pps) Configure the rate limit for the port policer. The default value is
Unlimited. Valid values are in the range 1 to 300.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Option82 Global Setting
DHCP provides a relay mechanism for sending information about the switch and its
DHCP clients to DHCP servers. Known as DHCP Option 82, it allows compatible DHCP
servers to use the information when assigning IP addresses, or to set other services or
policies for clients. It is also an effective tool in preventing malicious network attacks
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from attached clients on DHCP services, such as IP Spoofing, Client Identifier
Spoofing, MAC Address Spoofing, and Address Exhaustion.
The DHCP option 82 enables a DHCP relay agent to insert specific information into a
DHCP request packets when forwarding client DHCP packets to a DHCP server and
remove the specific information from a DHCP reply packets when forwarding server
DHCP packets to a DHCP client. The DHCP server can use this information to
implement IP address or other assignment policies. Specifically the option works by
setting two sub-options:
• Circuit ID (option 1)
• Remote ID (option 2)
The Circuit ID sub-option includes information specific to which circuit the request came
in on.
The Remote ID sub-option was designed to carry information relating to the remote
host end of the circuit.
The definition of Circuit ID in the switch is 4 bytes in length and the format is "vlan_id"
"module_id" "port_no". The parameter of "vlan_id" is the first two bytes represent the
VLAN ID. The parameter of "module_id" is the third byte for the module ID (in
standalone switch it always equal 0, in switch it means switch ID). The parameter of
"port_no" is the fourth byte and it means the port number.
After enabling DHCP snooping, the switch monitors all the DHCP messages and
implement software transmission.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
State Set the option2 (remote ID option) content of option 82 added by
DHCP request packets.
Default is the default VLAN MAC format.
User-Define is the remote-id content of option 82 specified by
users
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Option82 port setting
This function is used to set the retransmitting policy of the system for the received
DHCP request message which contains option82.
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• The drop mode means that if the message has option82, then the system will drop it
without processing.
• The keep mode means that the system will keep the original option82 segment in
the message, and forward it to the server to process
• The replace mode means that the system will replace the option 82 segment in the
existing message with its own option 82, and forward the message to the server to
process.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from the drop-down menu.
Enable/Disable Enable or Disable option82 on the port.
Allow Untrusted Select modes from this drop-down menu. The following modes
are available:
Drop
Keep
Replace
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Option82 circuit ID setting
By setting a creation method for option82, users can custom-define the parameters of
the circuit-id suboption.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from the drop-down menu.
VLAN Indicates the ID of this particular VLAN
Circuit ID Set the option1 (Circuit ID) content of option 82 added by DHCP
request packets.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
ARP inspection
ARP Inspection is a secure feature. Several types of attacks can be launched against a
host or devices connected to Layer 2 networks by "poisoning" the ARP caches. This
feature is used to block such attacks. Only valid ARP requests and responses can go
through DUT. The ARP Inspection Configuration page provides ARP Inspection related
configuration.
Note: A Dynamic ARP prevents the untrusted ARP packets based on the DHCP
Snooping Database.
Global setting
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
DAI Set Dynamic ARP Inspection to Enabled or Disabled.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
VLAN setting
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN ID Indicates the ID of this particular VLAN.
Status Enables Dynamic ARP Inspection on the specified VLAN
Options:
Enable
Disable
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Port setting
Configure switch ports as DAI trusted or untrusted, and select check modes on this
page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from the drop-down menu.
Type Specify which ports ARP Inspection is enabled on. ARP
Inspection is only enabled when both Global Mode and Port
Mode on a given port are enabled. All interfaces are untrusted by
default.
Src-Mac Chk Enable or disable to check the source MAC address in the
Ethernet header against the sender MAC address in the ARP
body. This check is performed on both ARP requests and
responses. When enabled, packets with different MAC addresses
are classified as invalid and dropped.
Dst-Mac Chk Enable or disable to check the destination MAC address in the
Ethernet header against the target MAC address in ARP body.
This check is performed for ARP responses. When enabled,
packets with different MAC addresses are classified as invalid
and are dropped.
IP Chk Enable or disable to check the source and destination IP
addresses of ARP packets. The all-zero, all-one or multicast IP
addresses are considered invalid and the corresponding packets
are discarded.
IP Allow Zero Enable or disable to check all-zero IP addresses.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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Statistics
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port The switch port number of the logical port.
Forwarded The current forwarded packets.
Source MAC Failures The current source MAC failures
Dest MAC Failures The current destination MAC failures
SIP Validation Failures The current SIP Validation failures
DIP Validation Failure The current DIP Validation failures
IP-MAC Mismatch Failures The current IP-MAC mismatch failures
Buttons
• Click Clear to clear the statistics.
• Click Refresh to refresh the statistics.
Rate limit
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a switch port number from the drop-down menu.
State Select Default or User-Define.
Rate Limit (pps) Configure the rate limit for the port policer. The default value is
Unlimited.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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IP source guard configuration
IP Source Guard is a secure feature used to restrict IP traffic on DHCP snooping
untrusted ports by filtering traffic based on the DHCP Snooping Table or manually
configured IP Source Bindings. It helps prevent IP spoofing attacks when a host tries to
spoof and use the IP address of another host.
After receiving a packet, the port looks up the key attributes (including IP address, MAC
address, and VLAN tag) of the packet in the binding entries of the IP source guard. If
there is a matching entry, the port will forward the packet. Otherwise, the port will
abandon the packet.
IP source guard filter packets are based on the following types of binding entries:
• IP-port binding entry
• MAC-port binding entry
• IP-MAC-port binding entry
The IP Source Guard port setting page provides IP Source Guard-related configuration
data.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from the drop-down menu.
Status Enable or disable the IP source guard
Verify Source Configures the switch to filter inbound traffic-based IP addresses, or IP
addresses and MAC addresses.
None Disables IP source guard filtering on the switch.
IP Enables traffic filtering based on IP addresses stored in the binding table.
IP and MAC Enables traffic filtering based on IP addresses and the
corresponding MAC addresses stored in the binding table.
Max Binding Entry The maximum number of IP source guards that can be secured on this port
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Binding table
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from the drop-down menu.
VLAN ID Indicates the ID of this particular VLAN.
MAC Address Sourcing MAC address is permitted.
IP Address Sourcing IP address is permitted.
• Click Add to add an IP source guard static binding table entry.
• Click Delete to delete an IP source guard static binding table entry.
Port security
This page allows you to configure the Port Security Limit Control system and port
settings. Limit Control permits limitation of the number of users on a given port. A user
is identified by a MAC address and VLAN ID. If Limit Control is enabled on a port, the
limit specifies the maximum number of users on the port. If this number is exceeded, an
action is taken.
The Limit Control module is one of the modules that utilize a lower-layer module while
the Port Security module manages MAC addresses learned on the port.
The Limit Control configuration consists of two sections: system- and a port-wide.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port The port number for which the status applies.
Security Enable or disable port security.
Mac L2 Entry The maximum number of MAC addresses that can be secured on this port. If
the limit is exceeded, the corresponding action is taken.
The switch is "born" with a total number of MAC addresses from which all
ports draw whenever a new MAC address is seen on a Port Security-
enabled port. Since all ports draw from the same pool, it may happen that a
configured maximum cannot be granted, if the remaining ports have already
used all available MAC addresses.
Action If a limit is reached, the switch can take one of the following actions:
Forward: Do not allow more than Limit MAC addresses on the port, but take
no further action.
Shutdown: If Limit + 1 MAC addresses is seen on the port, shut down the
port. This implies that all secured MAC addresses will be removed from the
port, and no new ones will be learned. Even if the link is physically
disconnected and reconnected on the port (by disconnecting the cable), the
port will remain shut down. There are three ways to re-open the port:
1) Disable and re-enable Limit Control on the port or the switch,
2) Click the Reopen button.
Discard: If Limit + 1 MAC addresses is seen on the port, it will not learn the
new MAC address and drop the package.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
DoS
DoS (Denial of Service) is a simple but effective destructive attack on the internet. The
server under DoS attack will drop normal user data packets due to the non-stop
processing of the attacker’s data packet, leading to denial of the service and could lead
to a leak of sensitive data from the server.
Protocol check is an application that can protect the server from attacks such as DoS.
The protocol check allows the user to drop matched packets based on specified
conditions. This type of security feature provides several simple and effective
protections against DoS attacks while having no influence on the linear forwarding
performance of the switch.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
DMAC = SMAC Enable or disable DoS check mode by DMAC = SMAC
Land Enable or disable DoS check mode by land
UDP Blat Enable or disable DoS check mode by UDP blat
TCP Blat Enable or disable DoS check mode by TCP blat
POD Enable or disable DoS check mode by POD
IPv6 Min Fragment Enable or disable DoS check mode by IPv6 min fragment
ICMP Fragments Enable or disable DoS check mode by ICMP fragment
IPv4 Ping Max Size Enable or disable DoS check mode by IPv4 ping max size
IPv6 Ping Max Size Enable or disable DoS check mode by IPv6 ping max size
Ping Max Size Setting Set the max size for ping
Smurf Attack Enable or disable DoS check mode by smurf attack
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Object Description
TCP Min Hdr Size Enable or disable DoS check mode by TCP min hdr size
TCP-SYN (SPORT < 1024) Enable or disable DoS check mode by TCP-syn (sport < 1024)
Null Scan Attack Enable or disable DoS check mode by null scan attack
X-mas Scan Attack Enable or disable DoS check mode by x-mas scan attack
TCP SYN-FIN Attack Enable or disable DoS check mode by TCP syn-fin attack
TCP SYN-RST Attack Enable or disable DoS check mode by TCP syn-rst attack
TCP Fragment (Offset = 1) Enable or disable DoS check mode by TCP fragment (offset = 1)
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
DoS port setting
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select a port from this drop-down menu.
DoS Protection Enable or disable per port DoS protection.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Storm control
Storm control for the switch is configured on this page.
There is an unknown unicast storm rate control, unknown multicast storm rate control,
and a broadcast storm rate control. These only affect flooded frames (i.e., frames with a
VLAN ID, DMAC pair not present on the MAC Address table).
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Unit Controls the unit of measure for the storm control rate as "pps" or "bps." The
default value is "bps."
Preamble & IFG Set the excluded or included interframe gap.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Port setting
Storm control for the switch is configured on this page. There are three types of storm
rate control:
• Broadcast storm rate control
• Unknown Unicast storm rate control
• Unknown Multicast storm rate control
The configuration indicates the permitted packet rate for unknown unicast, unknown
multicast, or broadcast traffic across the switch.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from this drop-down menu.
Port State Enable or disable the storm control status for the given storm type.
Action Configures the action performed when storm control is over rate on a port.
Valid values are Shutdown or Drop.
Type Enable The settings in a particular row apply to the frame type listed here:
Broadcast
Unknown unicast
Unknown multicast
Rate (kbps/pps) Configure the rate for the storm control. The default value is "10,000."
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Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Access Control Lists (ACL)
ACL is an acronym for Access Control List. It is the list table of ACEs containing access
control entries that specify individual users or groups permitted or denied to specific
traffic objects, such as a process or a program.
Each accessible traffic object contains an identifier to its ACL. The privileges determine
if there are specific traffic object access rights.
ACL implementations can be quite complex (as when the ACEs are prioritized for
various situations). In networking, the ACL refers to a list of service ports or network
services that are available on a host or server, each with a list of hosts or servers
permitted or denied to use the service. ACLs can generally be configured to control
inbound traffic and, in this context, they are similar to firewalls.
ACE is an acronym for Access Control Entry. It describes access permission
associated with a particular ACE ID. There are three ACE frame types (Ethernet Type,
ARP, and IPv4) and two ACE actions (permit and deny). The ACE also contains many
detailed, different parameter options that are available for individual applications.
ACL status
This page shows the ACL status by different ACL users. Each row describes the ACE
that is defined. A conflict occurs if a specific ACE is not applied to the hardware due to
hardware limitations. The maximum number of ACEs is 512 on each switch.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
ACL Name Type a named MAC-based ACL list.
Buttons
• Click Add to add an ACL name.
• Click Delete to delete an ACL name entry.
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MAC-based ACE
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
ACL Name Select an ACL name from this drop-down menu.
Sequence Set the ACL sequence
Action Indicates the forwarding action of the ACE.
Permit: Frames matching the ACE may be forwarded and learned.
Deny: Frames matching the ACE are dropped.
Shutdown: Port shutdown is disabled for the ACE.
DA MAC Specify the destination MAC filter for this ACE.
Any: No DA MAC filter is specified.
User Defined: If you want to filter a specific destination MAC address with
this ACE, choose this value. A field for entering a DA MAC value appears.
DA MAC Value When User Defined is selected for the DA MAC filter, you can enter a
specific destination MAC address. The legal format is "xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx". A
frame that hits this ACE matches this DA MAC value.
DA MAC Mask Specify whether frames can hit the action according to their sender hardware
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Object Description
address field (SHA) settings.
0: ARP frames where SHA is not equal to the DA MAC address.
1: ARP frames where SHA is equal to the DA MAC address.
SA MAC Specify the source MAC filter for this ACE.
Any: No SA MAC filter is specified.
User Defined: If you want to filter a specific source MAC address with this
ACE, choose this value. A field for typing a SA MAC value appears.
SA MAC Value When User Defined is selected for the SA MAC filter, you can enter a
specific source MAC address. The legal format is "xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx". A
frame that hits this ACE matches this SA MAC value.
SA MAC Mask Specify whether frames can hit the action according to their sender hardware
address field (SHA) settings.
0: ARP frames where SHA is not equal to the SA MAC address.
1: ARP frames where SHA is equal to the SA MAC address.
VLAN ID Indicates the ID of this particular VLAN.
802.1p Include or exclude the 802.1p value.
802.1p Value Set the 802.1p value.
802.1p Mask 0: The frame is not equal to the 802.1p value.
1: The frame is equal to the 802.1p value.
EtherType
(Range:0x05DD –
0xFFFF)
You can type a specific EtherType value. The allowed range is 0x05DD to
0xFFFF. A frame that hits this ACE matches this EtherType value.
Buttons
• Select the Add to add a MAC-based ACE.
• Click Edit to edit a MAC-based ACL parameter.
• Click Delete to delete a MAC-based ACL entry.
IPv4-based ACL
This page shows the ACL status of different ACL users. Each row describes the ACE
that is defined. If a specific ACE is not applied to the hardware due to hardware
limitations, it creates a conflict.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
ACL Name Create a named IPv4-based ACL list.
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Buttons
• Select the Add to add an ACL name list.
• Click Delete to delete an ACL name entry.
IPv4-based ACE
An ACE consists of several parameters. Different parameter options appear depending
on the frame type selected.
The page includes the following fields:
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Object Description
ACL Name Select ACL name from this drop-down menu.
Sequence Set the ACL sequence.
Action Indicates the forwarding action of the ACE.
Permit: Frames matching the ACE may be forwarded and learned.
Deny: Frames matching the ACE are dropped.
Shutdown: Port shutdown is disabled for the ACE.
Protocol Specify the protocol filter for this ACE.
Any(IP): No protocol filter is specified.
Select from list: If you want to filter a specific protocol with this ACE,
choose this value and select protocol from this drop-down menu.
Protocol ID to match: If you want to filter a specific protocol with this ACE,
choose this value and set current protocol ID.
Source IP Address Specify the Source IP address filter for this ACE.
Any: No source IP address filter is specified.
User Defined: If you want to filter a specific source IP address with this
ACE, choose this value. A field for entering a source IP address value
appears.
Source IP Address
Value When "User Defined" is selected for the source IP address filter, you can
enter a specific source IP address. The legal format is "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx". A
frame that hits this ACE matches this source IP address value.
Source IP Wildcard
Mask When User Defined is selected for the source IP filter, you can enter a
specific SIP mask in dotted decimal notation.
Destination IP
Address Specify the Destination IP address filter for this ACE.
Any: No destination IP address filter is specified.
User Defined: If you want to filter a specific destination IP address with this
ACE, choose this value. A field for entering a source IP address value
appears.
Destination IP
Address Value When "User Defined" is selected for the destination IP address filter, you can
enter a specific destination IP address. The legal format is "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx".
A frame that hits this ACE matches this destination IP address value.
Destination IP
Wildcard Mask When User Defined is selected for the destination IP filter, you can enter a
specific DIP mask in dotted decimal notation.
Source Port Specify the source port for this ACE.
Any: No specific source port is specified (source port status is “don't-care").
Single: If you want to filter a specific source port with this ACE, you can
enter a specific source port value. A field for entering a source port value
appears. The allowed range is 0 to 65535. A frame that hits this ACE
matches this source port value.
Range: If you want to filter a specific source port range filter with this ACE,
you can enter a specific source port range value. A field for entering a
source port value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 65535. A frame that
hits this ACE matches this source port value.
Destination Port Specify the destination port for this ACE.
Any: No specific destination port is specified (destination port status is
"don't-care").
Single: If you want to filter a specific destination port with this ACE, you can
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Object Description
enter a specific destination port value. A field for entering a destination port
value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 65535. A frame that hits this ACE
matches this destination port value.
Range: If you want to filter a specific destination port range filter with this
ACE, you can enter a specific destination port range value. A field for
entering a destination port value appears.
Type of Service Specify the type of service for this ACE.
Any: No specific type of service is specified (destination port status is "don't-
care").
DSCP: If you want to filter a specific DSCP with this ACE, you can enter a
specific DSCP value. A field for entering a DSCP value appears. The
allowed range is 0 to 63. A frame that hits this ACE matches this DSCP
value.
IP Precedence: If you want to filter a specific IP precedence with this ACE,
you can enter a specific IP precedence value. A field for entering an IP
precedence value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 7. A frame that hits this
ACE matches this IP precedence value.
ICMP Specify the ICMP for this ACE.
Any: No specific ICMP is specified (destination port status is "don't-care").
List: If you want to filter a specific list with this ACE, you can select a specific
list value.
Protocol ID: If you want to filter a specific protocol ID filter with this ACE,
you can enter a specific protocol ID value. A field for entering a protocol ID
value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 255. A frame that hits this ACE
matches this protocol ID value.
ICMP Code Specify the ICMP code filter for this ACE.
Any: No ICMP code filter is specified (ICMP code filter status is "don't-
care").
User Defined: If you want to filter a specific ICMP code filter with this ACE,
you can enter a specific ICMP code value. A field for entering an ICMP code
value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 255. A frame that hits this ACE
matches this ICMP code value.
TCP flags
Object Description
UGR Specify the TCP "Urgent Pointer field significant" (URG) value for this ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the URG field is set must be able to match this
entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the URG field is set must not be able to match
this entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
ACK Specify the TCP "Acknowledgment field significant" (ACK) value for this
ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the ACK field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the ACK field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
PSH Specify the TCP "Push Function" (PSH) value for this ACE.
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Object Description
Set: TCP frames where the PSH field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the PSH field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
RST Specify the TCP "Reset the connection" (RST) value for this ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the RST field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the RST field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
SYN Specify the TCP "Synchronize sequence numbers" (SYN) value for this
ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the SYN field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the SYN field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
FIN Specify the TCP "No more data from sender" (FIN) value for this ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the FIN field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the FIN field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
Buttons
• Click Add to add a ACE list.
• Click Edit to edit a IPv4-based ACL parameter.
• Click Delete to delete a IPv4-based ACL entry.
IPv6-based ACL
This page shows the ACL status of different ACL users. Each row describes the ACE
that is defined. If a specific ACE is not applied to the hardware due to hardware
limitations, it creates a conflict.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
ACL Name Create a named IPv6-based ACL list.
Buttons
• Select the Add to add an ACL name list.
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• Click Delete to delete an ACL name entry.
IPv6-based ACE
An ACE consists of several parameters. Different parameter options appear depending
on the frame type selected.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
ACL Name Select ACL name from this drop-down menu.
Sequence Set the ACL sequence.
Action Indicates the forwarding action of the ACE.
Permit: Frames matching the ACE may be forwarded and learned.
Deny: Frames matching the ACE are dropped.
Shutdown: Port shutdown is disabled for the ACE.
Protocol Specify the protocol filter for this ACE.
Any(IP): No protocol filter is specified.
Select from list: If you want to filter a specific protocol with this ACE,
choose this value and select protocol from this drop-down menu.
Protocol ID to match: If you want to filter a specific protocol with this ACE,
choose this value and set current protocol ID.
Source IP Address Specify the Source IP address filter for this ACE.
Any: No source IP address filter is specified.
User Defined: If you want to filter a specific source IP address with this
ACE, choose this value. A field for entering a source IP address value
appears.
Source IP Address
Value When "User Defined" is selected for the source IP address filter, you can
enter a specific source IP address. The legal format is "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx". A
frame that hits this ACE matches this source IP address value.
Source IP Wildcard
Mask When User Defined is selected for the source IP filter, you can enter a
specific SIP mask in dotted decimal notation.
Destination IP
Address Specify the Destination IP address filter for this ACE.
Any: No destination IP address filter is specified.
User Defined: If you want to filter a specific destination IP address with this
ACE, choose this value. A field for entering a source IP address value
appears.
Destination IP
Address Value When "User Defined" is selected for the destination IP address filter, you can
enter a specific destination IP address. The legal format is "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx".
A frame that hits this ACE matches this destination IP address value.
Destination IP
Wildcard Mask When User Defined is selected for the destination IP filter, you can enter a
specific DIP mask in dotted decimal notation.
Source Port Specify the source port for this ACE.
Any: No specific source port is specified (source port status is “don't-care").
Single: If you want to filter a specific source port with this ACE, you can
enter a specific source port value. A field for entering a source port value
appears. The allowed range is 0 to 65535. A frame that hits this ACE
matches this source port value.
Range: If you want to filter a specific source port range filter with this ACE,
you can enter a specific source port range value. A field for entering a
source port value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 65535. A frame that
hits this ACE matches this source port value.
Destination Port Specify the destination port for this ACE.
Any: No specific destination port is specified (destination port status is
"don't-care").
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Object Description
Single: If you want to filter a specific destination port with this ACE, you can
enter a specific destination port value. A field for entering a destination port
value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 65535. A frame that hits this ACE
matches this destination port value.
Range: If you want to filter a specific destination port range filter with this
ACE, you can enter a specific destination port range value. A field for
entering a destination port value appears.
Type of Service Specify the type of service for this ACE.
Any: No specific type of service is specified (destination port status is "don't-
care").
DSCP: If you want to filter a specific DSCP with this ACE, you can enter a
specific DSCP value. A field for entering a DSCP value appears. The
allowed range is 0 to 63. A frame that hits this ACE matches this DSCP
value.
IP Precedence: If you want to filter a specific IP precedence with this ACE,
you can enter a specific IP precedence value. A field for entering an IP
precedence value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 7. A frame that hits this
ACE matches this IP precedence value.
ICMP Specify the ICMP for this ACE.
Any: No specific ICMP is specified (destination port status is "don't-care").
List: If you want to filter a specific list with this ACE, you can select a specific
list value.
Protocol ID: If you want to filter a specific protocol ID filter with this ACE,
you can enter a specific protocol ID value. A field for entering a protocol ID
value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 255. A frame that hits this ACE
matches this protocol ID value.
ICMP Code Specify the ICMP code filter for this ACE.
Any: No ICMP code filter is specified (ICMP code filter status is "don't-
care").
User Defined: If you want to filter a specific ICMP code filter with this ACE,
you can enter a specific ICMP code value. A field for entering an ICMP code
value appears. The allowed range is 0 to 255. A frame that hits this ACE
matches this ICMP code value.
TCP flags
Object Description
UGR Specify the TCP "Urgent Pointer field significant" (URG) value for this ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the URG field is set must be able to match this
entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the URG field is set must not be able to match
this entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
ACK Specify the TCP "Acknowledgment field significant" (ACK) value for this
ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the ACK field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the ACK field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
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Object Description
PSH Specify the TCP "Push Function" (PSH) value for this ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the PSH field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the PSH field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
RST Specify the TCP "Reset the connection" (RST) value for this ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the RST field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the RST field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
SYN Specify the TCP "Synchronize sequence numbers" (SYN) value for this
ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the SYN field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the SYN field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
FIN Specify the TCP "No more data from sender" (FIN) value for this ACE.
Set: TCP frames where the FIN field is set must be able to match this entry.
Unset: TCP frames where the FIN field is set must not be able to match this
entry.
Don
’
t Care: Any value is allowed ("don't-care").
Buttons
• Click Add to add a ACE list.
• Click Edit to edit a IPv6-based ACL parameter.
• Click Delete to delete a IPv6-based ACL entry.
ACL binding
Bind the policy content to the appropriate ACLs on this page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Binding Port Select port from this drop-down menu.
ACL Select Select ACL list from this drop-down menu.
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Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Edit to edit ACL binding table parameters.
• Click Delete to delete an ACL binding entry.
MAC address table
Switching of frames is based upon the DMAC address contained in the frame. The
industrial managed switch builds up a table that maps MAC addresses to switch ports
for knowing which ports the frames should go to (based upon the DMAC address in the
frame). This table contains both static and dynamic entries. The static entries are
configured by the network administrator if the administrator wants to do a fixed mapping
between the DMAC address and switch ports.
The frames also contain a MAC address (SMAC address) that shows the MAC address
of the equipment sending the frame. The SMAC address is used by the switch to
automatically update the MAC table with these dynamic MAC addresses. Dynamic
entries are removed from the MAC table if no frame with the corresponding SMAC
address have been seen after a configurable age time.
Static MAC setting
The static entries in the MAC table are shown in this table. The static MAC table can
contain 64 entries. The MAC table is sorted first by VLAN ID and then by MAC address.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN The VLAN ID of the entry.
MAC Address The MAC address of the entry.
Port Members Select a port from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Add to add a new static MAC address.
• Click Delete to delete a static MAC status entry.
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MAC filtering
Use MAC filtering to filter the per-configured MAC address and increase security.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
MAC Address The MAC address of the entry.
VLAN (1~4096) Indicates the ID of this particular VLAN.
Buttons
• Click Add to add a new MAC filtering setting.
• Click Delete to delete a static MAC status entry.
Dynamic address setting
By default, dynamic entries are removed from the MAC table after 300 seconds.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Aging Time The time after which a learned entry is discarded. By
default, dynamic entries are removed from the MAC after
300 seconds. This removal is also called aging.
(Range: 10-630 seconds; Default: 300 seconds)
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Delete to delete a static MAC status entry.
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Dynamic learned
The dynamic learned MAC table is shown on this page. The MAC table is sorted first by
VLAN ID and then by MAC address.
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
VLAN The VLAN ID of the entry.
MAC Address The MAC address of the entry.
Port Select a port from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click View to refresh the table.
• Click Clear to flush all dynamic entries.
• Click Add to Static MAC table to add a dynamic MAC address to the static MAC
address.
LLDP
Link Layer Discovery Protocol
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is used to discover basic information about
neighboring devices on the local broadcast domain. LLDP is a Layer 2 protocol that
uses periodic broadcasts to advertise information about the sending device. Advertised
information is represented in Type Length Value (TLV) format according to the IEEE
802.1ab standard, and can include details such as device identification, capabilities,
and configuration settings. LLDP also defines how to store and maintain information
gathered about the neighboring network nodes it discovers.
Link Layer Discovery Protocol – Media Endpoint Discovery (LLDP-MED) is an
extension of LLDP intended for managing endpoint devices such as Voice over IP
(VoIP) phones and network switches. The LLDP-MED TLVs advertise information such
as network policy, power, inventory, and device location details. LLDP and LLDP-MED
information can be used by SNMP applications to simplify troubleshooting, enhance
network management, and maintain an accurate network topology.
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LLDP global settings
The LLDP Configuration page allows the user to inspect and configure the current
LLDP port settings.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Enable Globally enable or disable the LLDP function.
LLDP PDU Disable
Action Set the LLDP PDU disable action.
Filtering: discard all LLDP PDU.
Bridging: transmit LLDP PDU in the same VLAN.
Flooding: transmit LLDP PDU for all ports.
Transmission
Interval The switch is periodically transmitting LLDP frames to its neighbors for
having the network discovery information up-to-date. The interval between
each LLDP frame is determined by the Tx Interval value. Valid values are
restricted to 5 - 32768 seconds.
Default: 30 seconds
This attribute must comply with the following rule:
(Transmission Interval * Hold Time Multiplier) ≤65536, and Transmission
Interval >= (4 * Delay Interval)
Holdtime Multiplier Each LLDP frame contains information about how long the information in the
LLDP frame shall be considered valid. The LLDP information valid period is
set to Tx Hold multiplied by Tx Interval seconds. Valid values are restricted
to 2 - 10 times.
TTL in seconds is based on the following rule:
(Transmission Interval * Holdtime Multiplier) ≤ 65536.
Therefore, the default TTL is 4*30 = 120 seconds.
Reinitialization Delay When a port is disabled, LLDP is disabled, or the switch is rebooted, a LLDP
shutdown frame is transmitted to the neighboring units, signaling that the
LLDP information is no longer valid. Tx Reinit controls the amount of
seconds between the shutdown frame and a new LLDP initialization. Valid
values are restricted to 1 - 10 seconds.
Transmit Delay If some configuration is changed (e.g., the IP address) a new LLDP frame is
transmitted, but the time between the LLDP frames will always be at least
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Object Description
the value of Tx Delay seconds. Tx Delay cannot be larger than 1/4 of the Tx
Interval value. Valid values are restricted to 1 - 8192 seconds.
This attribute must comply with the rule:
(4 * Delay Interval) ≤Transmission Interval
LLDP-MED Fast Start
Repeat Count Configures the amount of LLDP MED Fast Start LLDPDUs to transmit during
the activation process of the LLDP-MED Fast Start mechanism.
Range: 1-10 packets;
Default: 3 packets
The MED Fast Start Count parameter is part of the timer which ensures that
the LLDP-MED Fast Start mechanism is active for the port. LLDP-MED Fast
Start is critical to the timely startup of LLDP, and therefore integral to the
rapid availability of Emergency Call Service.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
LLDP port configuration
Use the LLDP Port Configuration to specify the message attributes for individual
interfaces, including if messages are to be transmitted, received, or both transmitted
and received.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select a port from these drop-down menus.
State Enables LLDP messages transmit and receive modes for LLDP Protocol
Data Units. Options:
Tx only
Rx only
TxRx
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Object Description
Disabled
Optional TLV Select Configures the information included in the TLV field of advertised messages.
System Name: When selected, the "System Name" is included in LLDP
information transmitted.
Port Description: When selected, the "Port Description" is included in LLDP
information transmitted.
System Description: When selected, the "System Description" is included
in LLDP information transmitted.
System Capability: When selected, the "System Capability" is included in
LLDP information transmitted.
802.3 MAC-PHY: When selected, the "802.3 MAC-PHY" is included in LLDP
information transmitted.
802.3 Link Aggregation: When selected, the "802.3 Link Aggregation" is
included in LLDP information transmitted.
802.3 Maximum Frame Size: When selected, the "802.3 Maximum Frame
Size" is included in LLDP information transmitted.
Management Address: When selected, the "Management Address" is
included in LLDP information transmitted.
802.1 PVID: When selected, the "802.1 PVID" is included in LLDP
information transmitted.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
VLAN name TLV VLAN status
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select a port from this drop-down menu.
VLAN Select Select a VLAN from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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LLDP local device
Use the LLDP Local Device Information screen to display information about the switch
such as its MAC address, chassis ID, management IP address, and port information.
LLDP remote device
This page provides a status overview for all LLDP remote devices. The table contains a
row for each port on which a LLDP neighbor is detected.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Local Port The switch port number of the logical LLDP port.
Chassis ID Subtype The current chassis ID subtype
Chassis ID The Chassis ID is the identification of the neighbor's LLDP frames
Port ID Subtype The current port ID subtype
Port ID The Remote Port ID is the identification of the neighbor port
System Name System Name is the name advertised by the neighbor unit
Time to Live The current time to live
Buttons
• Click Refresh to refresh a LLDP remote device.
• Click Delete to delete a LLDP remote device entry.
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MED network policies
Network policy discovery enables the efficient discovery and diagnosis of mismatch
issues with the VLAN configuration, along with the associated Layer 2 and Layer 3
attributes, which apply for a set of specific protocol applications on that port. Improper
network policy configurations are a very significant issue in VoIP environments that
frequently result in voice quality degradation or loss of service.
Policies are only intended for use with applications that have specific ‘real-time’ network
policy requirements, such as interactive voice and/or video services.
The network policy attributes advertised are:
• Layer 2 VLAN ID (IEEE 802.1Q-2003)
• Layer 2 priority value (IEEE 802.1D-2004)
• Layer 3 Diffserv code point (DSCP) value (IETF RFC 2474)
This network policy is potentially advertised and associated with multiple sets of
application types supported on a given port. The application types specifically
addressed are:
• Voice
• Guest Voice
• Softphone Voice
• Video Conferencing
• Streaming Video
• Control / Signaling (conditionally support a separate network policy for the media
types above)
A large network may support multiple VoIP policies across the entire organization, and
different policies per application type. LLDP-MED allows multiple policies to be
advertised per port, each corresponding to a different application type. Different ports
on the same network connectivity device may advertise different sets of policies, based
on the authenticated user identity or port configuration.
It should be noted that LLDP-MED is not intended to run on links other than between
network connectivity devices and endpoints, and therefore does not need to advertise
the multitude of network policies that frequently run on an aggregated link interior to the
LAN.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
LLDP MED Policy for
Voice Application Set the LLDP MED policy for voice application mode.
Network Policy
Number Select the network policy number from this drop-down menu.
Application Type Intended use of the application types:
Voice – For use by dedicated IP Telephony handsets and other similar
appliances supporting interactive voice services. These devices are typically
deployed on a separate VLAN for ease of deployment and enhanced
security by isolation from data applications.
Voice Signaling (conditional) – For use in network topologies that require
a different policy for the voice signaling than for the voice media. This
application type should not be advertised if all the same network policies
apply as those advertised in the Voice application policy.
Guest Voice – Support a separate 'limited feature–set' voice service for
guest users and visitors with their own IP Telephony handsets and other
similar appliances supporting interactive voice services.
Guest Voice Signaling (conditional) – For use in network topologies that
require a different policy for the guest voice signaling than for the guest
voice media. This application type should not be advertised if all the same
network policies apply as those advertised in the Guest Voice application
policy.
Softphone Voice – For use by softphone applications on typical data centric
devices, such as PCs or laptops. This class of endpoints frequently does not
support multiple VLANs, if at all, and are typically configured to use an
'untagged’ VLAN or a single 'tagged’ data specific VLAN. When a network
policy is defined for use with an 'untagged’ VLAN (see Tagged flag below)
then the L2 priority field is ignored and only the DSCP value has relevance.
Video Conferencing – For use by dedicated video conferencing equipment
and other similar appliances supporting real–time interactive video/audio
services.
Streaming Video – For use by broadcast or multicast based video content
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Object Description
distribution and other similar applications supporting streaming video
services that require specific network policy treatment. Video applications
relying on TCP with buffering would not be an intended use of this
application type.
Video Signaling (conditional) – For use in network topologies that require
a separate policy for the video signaling than for the video media. This
application type should not be advertised if all the same network policies
apply as those advertised in the video conferencing application policy.
Tag Tag indicates if the specified application type is using a 'tagged’ or an
'untagged’ VLAN.
Untagged indicates that the device is using an untagged frame format and
as such does not include a tag header as defined by IEEE 802.1Q-2003. In
this case, both the VLAN ID and the Layer 2 priority fields are ignored and
only the DSCP value has relevance.
Tagged indicates that the device is using the IEEE 802.1Q tagged frame
format, and that both the VLAN ID and the Layer 2 priority values are being
used, as well as the DSCP value. The tagged format includes an additional
field, known as the tag header. The tagged frame format also includes
priority tagged frames as defined by IEEE 802.1Q-2003.
VLAN ID VLAN identifier (VID) for the port as defined in IEEE 802.1Q-2003
L2 Priority L2 Priority is the Layer 2 priority to be used for the specified application type.
L2 Priority may specify one of eight priority levels (0 through 7), as defined
by IEEE 802.1D-2004. A value of 0 represents use of the default priority as
defined in IEEE 802.1D-2004.
DSCP DSCP value to be used to provide Diffserv node behavior for the specified
application type as defined in IETF RFC 2474. DSCP may contain one of 64
code point values (0 through 63). A value of 0 represents use of the default
DSCP value as defined in RFC 2475.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Delete to delete a LLDP MED network policy table entry.
MED port setting
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select Select a port from this drop-down menu.
MED Enable Enable or disable MED configuration
MED Optional TVLs Configures the information included in the MED TLV field of advertised
messages.
Network Policy – This option advertises network policy configuration
information, aiding in the discovery and diagnosis of VLAN configuration
mismatches on a port. Improper network policy configurations frequently
result in voice quality degradation or complete service disruption.
Location – This option advertises location identification details.
Inventory – This option advertises device details useful for inventory
management, such as manufacturer, model, software version and other
pertinent information.
MED Network Policy Select MED network policy from this drop-down menu.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Reset to undo any changes made locally and revert to previously saved
values.
MED location configuration
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from this drop-down menu.
Location Coordinate A string identifying the Location Coordinate that this entry should belong to.
Location Civic
Address A string identifying the Location Civic Address that this entry should belong
to.
Location ESC ELIN A string identifying the Location ESC ELIN that this entry should belong to.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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LLDP overloading
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Interface The switch port number of the logical port
Total (Bytes) Total number of bytes of LLDP information that is normally sent in a packet.
Left to Send (Bytes) Total number of available bytes that can also send LLDP information in a
packet.
Status Provides the status of the TLVs.
Mandatory TLVs The mandatory group of TLVs that were transmitted or overloaded
MED Capabilities The capabilities packets that were transmitted or overloaded
MED Location The location packets that were transmitted or overloaded
MED Network Policy The network policies packets that were transmitted or overloaded
MED Extended
Power via MDI The extended power via MDI packets that were transmitted or overloaded.
802.3 TLVs The 802.3 TLVs that were transmitted or overloaded.
Optional TLVs The LLDP MED extended power via MDI packets that were sent or
overloaded.
MED Inventory The mandatory group of TLVs that was transmitted or overloaded.
802.1 TLVs The 802.1 TLVs that were transmitted or overloaded
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LLDP statistics
The LLDP Device Statistics screen displays general statistics for LLDP-capable devices
attached to the switch, and for LLDP protocol messages transmitted or received on all
local interfaces.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Insertions Shows the number of new entries added since switch reboot.
Deletions Shows the number of new entries added since switch reboot.
Drops Shows the number of LLDP frames dropped due to the entry table being full.
Age Outs Shows the number of entries deleted due to Time-To-Live expiring.
Buttons
• Click Refresh to refresh the statistics.
• Click Clear to clear the statistics.
Port statistics
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port The port on which LLDP frames are received or transmitted.
Tx Frames The number of LLDP frames transmitted on the port.
Rx Frames The number of LLDP frames received on the port.
Rx Errors The number of received LLDP frames containing some kind of error.
Frames Discarded If an LLDP frame is received on a port, and the switch's internal table has
run full, the LLDP frame is counted and discarded. This situation is known as
"Too Many Neighbors" in the LLDP standard. LLDP frames require a new
entry in the table when the Chassis ID or Remote Port ID is not already
contained within the table. Entries are removed from the table when a given
port links down, an LLDP shutdown frame is received, or when the entry
ages out.
TLVs Discarded Each LLDP frame can contain multiple pieces of information, known as TLVs
(TLV is short for "Type Length Value"). If a TLV is malformed, it is counted
and discarded.
TLVs Unrecognized The number of well-formed TLVs, but with an unknown type value.
Age-Outs Each LLDP frame contains information about how long time the LLDP
information is valid (age-out time). If no new LLDP frame is received within
the age out time, the LLDP information is removed, and the Age-Out counter
is incremented.
Diagnostics
This section provides the physical layer and IP layer network diagnostics tools for
troubleshooting. The diagnostic tools are designed for network managers to help them
quickly diagnose problems and better service customers.
Use the Diagnostics menu items to display and configure basic administrative details of
the industrial managed switch. Under System, the following topics are provided to
configure and view the system information:
• Ping Test
• IPv6 Ping Test
• Trace Route
• Cable Diagnostics
Cable diagnostics
Cable diagnostics performs tests on copper cables. These functions have the ability to
identify the cable length and operating conditions, and to isolate a variety of common
faults that can occur on the Cat5 twisted-pair cabling. There might be two states, which
are as follows:
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• If the link is established on the twisted-pair interface in 1000BASE-T mode, the
cable diagnostics can run without disruption of the link or of any data transfer.
• If the link is established in 100BASE-TX or 10BASE-T, the cable diagnostics cause
the link to drop while the diagnostics are running.
After the diagnostics are finished, the link is re-established and the following functions
are available.
• Coupling between cable pairs
• Cable pair termination
• Cable Length
Note: Cable Diagnostics is only accurate for cables of length from 15 to 100 meters.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port The port where you are requesting cable diagnostics.
Buttons
• Click Copper Test to run the diagnostics.
Ping
The ping and IPv6 ping permit the issuance of ICMP PING packets to troubleshoot IP
connectivity issues. The industrial managed switch transmits ICMP packets, and the
sequence number and roundtrip time are displayed upon reception of a reply.
Ping test
This page allows you to issue ICMP ping packets to troubleshoot IP connectivity issues.
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After clicking Apply, ICMP packets are transmitted, and the sequence number and
roundtrip time appear upon reception of a reply. The page refreshes automatically until
responses to all packets are received, or until a timeout occurs.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
IP Address The destination IP Address.
Count Number of echo requests to send.
Interval (in sec) Send interval for each ICMP packet.
Size (in bytes) The payload size of the ICMP packet. Values range from 8 bytes to 5120
bytes.
Ping Results Display the current ping result.
Note: Be sure the target IP address is within the same network subnet of the industrial
managed switch, otherwise the correct gateway IP address must be set up.
Buttons
• Click Apply to transmit ICMP packets.
IPv6 ping
The ICMPv6 Ping page allows you to issue ICMPv6 ping packets to troubleshoot IPv6
connectivity issues. After clicking Apply, five ICMPv6 packets are transmitted, and the
sequence number and roundtrip time are displayed upon reception of a reply. The page
refreshes automatically until responses to all packets are received, or until a timeout
occurs.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
IP Address The destination IPv6 Address.
Count Number of echo requests to send.
Interval (in sec) Send interval for each ICMP packet.
Size (in bytes) The payload size of the ICMP packet. Values range from 8 bytes to 5120
bytes.
Ping Results Display the current ping result.
Buttons
• Click Apply to transmit ICMPv6 packets.
Trace router
The trace route function tests the gateways through which the data packets travel from
the source device to the destination device, checking network accessibility and locating
network failure.
The execution procedure of the trace route function sends a data packet with TTL at 1
to the destination address. If the first hop returns an ICMP error message saying that
this packet cannot be sent due to a TTL timeout, a data packet with TTL at 2 is sent.
The send hop may be a TTL timeout return, but the procedure carries on until the data
packet is sent to its destination. These procedures are for recording every source
address that returns an ICMP TTL timeout message, thus describing the path the IP
data packets traveled to reach the destination.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
IP Address The destination IP address.
Max Hop The maximum gateway number allowed by trace route function.
Trace Route Results The current trace route result.
Buttons
• Click Apply to transmit ICMPv6 packets.
RMON
RMON is an expansion of standard SNMP. RMON is a set of MIB definitions used to
define standard network monitor functions and interfaces, enabling communication
between SNMP management terminals and remote monitors. RMON provides a highly
efficient method to monitor actions inside the subnets.
The MID of RMON consists of 10 groups. The switch supports the most frequently used
groups:
• Statistics: Maintain basic usage and error statistics for each subnet monitored by
the agent.
• History: Record periodical statistic samples.
• Alarm: Allow management console users to set any count or integer for sample
intervals and alert thresholds for RMON agent records.
• Event: A list of all events generated by the RMON agent.
Alarm depends on the implementation of an event. Statistics and History display
current or history subnet statistics. Alarm and Event provide a method to monitor any
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integer data change in the network, and provide some alerts upon abnormal events
(sending Trap or record in logs).
RMON statistics status
The RMON Statistics Status Overview page provides an overview of RMON Statistics
entries.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Port Select a port from this drop-down menu.
Drop The total number of events in which packets were dropped by the probe due
to lack of resources.
Octets The total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) received
on the network.
Packets The total number of packets (including bad packets, broadcast packets, and
multicast packets) received.
Broadcast The total number of good packets received that were directed to the
broadcast address.
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Object Description
Multicast The total number of good packets received that were directed to a multicast
address.
CRC Errors The total number of packets received that had a length (excluding framing
bits, but including FCS octets) of between 64 and 1518 octets.
Undersize Packets The total number of packets received that were less than 64 octets.
Oversize packets The total number of packets received that were longer than 1518 octets.
Fragments The number of frames with a size less than 64 octets received with invalid
CRC.
Jabbers The number of frames with a size larger than 64 octets received with invalid
CRC.
Collisions The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this Ethernet segment.
64 Bytes Frame The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
octets in length.
65~127 Frame The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 65 to 127 octets in length.
128~255 Frame The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 128 to 255 octets in length.
256~511 Frame The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 256 to 511 octets in length.
512~1023 Frame The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 512 to 1023 octets in length.
1024~1518 Frame The total number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 1024 to 1518 octets in length.
Buttons
• Click Clear to clear the RMON statistics.
RMON event configuration
Configure the RMON Event table on the RMON Event Configuration page.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Select Index Select index from this drop-down menu to create new index or modify index.
Index Indicates the index of the entry. The range is from 1 to 65535.
Desc Indicates the event. The string length is from 0 to 127, default is a null string.
Type Indicates the notification of the event. The possible types are:
none: The total number of octets received on the interface, including framing
characters.
log: The number of unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
snmptrap: The number of broadcast and multicast packets delivered to a
higher-layer protocol.
logandtrap: The number of inbound packets that are discarded when the
packets are normal.
Community Specify the community when trap is sent. The string length is from 0 to 127,
default is "public."
Owner Indicates the owner of this event. The string length is from 0 to 127, default
is a null string.
Description Indicates the description of this event. The string length is from 0 to 127,
default is a null string.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
RMON event log
The RMON Event Log Table page provides an overview of RMON Event table entries.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Select Index Select the index from this drop-down menu.
Index Indicates the index of the log entry.
Log Time Indicates event log time.
Description Indicates the event description.
RMON alarm
Configure RMON alarm table on the RMON Alarm page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Select Index Select the index from this drop-down menu.
Index Indicates the index of the alarm entry. The range is from 1 to 65535.
Sample Port Select a port from this drop-down menu.
Sample Variable Indicates the particular variable to be sampled, the possible variables are:
DropEvents: The total number of events in which packets were dropped due
to lack of resources.
Octets: The number of received and transmitted (good and bad) bytes.
Includes FCS, but excludes framing bits.
Pkts: The total number of frames (bad, broadcast and multicast) received
and transmitted.
BroadcastPkts: The total number of good frames received that were
directed to the broadcast address. Note that this does not include multicast
packets.
MulticastPkts: The total number of good frames received that were directed
to this multicast address.
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Object Description
CRCAlignErrors: The number of CRC/alignment errors (FCS or alignment
errors).
UnderSizePkts: The total number of frames received that were less than 64
octets long(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were
otherwise well formed.
OverSizePkts: The total number of frames received that were longer than
1518 octets(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were
otherwise well formed.
Fragments: The total number of frames received that were less than 64
octets in length (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and had
either an FCS or alignment error.
Jabbers: The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518
octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had either an
FCS or alignment error.
Collisions: The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this
Ethernet segment.
Pkts64Octets: The total number of frames (including bad packets) received
and transmitted that were 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits but
including FCS octets).
Pkts64to172Octets: The total number of frames (including bad packets)
received and transmitted where the number of octets falls within the
specified range (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Pkts158to255Octets: The total number of frames (including bad packets)
received and transmitted where the number of octets falls within the
specified range (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Pkts256to511Octets: The total number of frames (including bad packets)
received and transmitted where the number of octets falls within the
specified range (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Pkts512to1023Octets: The total number of frames (including bad packets)
received and transmitted where the number of octets falls within the
specified range (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Pkts1024to1518Octets: The total number of frames (including bad packets)
received and transmitted where the number of octets falls within the
specified range (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).
Sample Interval Sample interval (1–2147483647)
Sample Type The method of sampling the selected variable and calculating the value to be
compared against the thresholds. Possible sample types are:
Absolute: Get the sample directly.
Delta: Calculate the difference between samples (default).
Rising Threshold Rising threshold value (0-2147483647).
Falling Threshold Falling threshold value (0-2147483647)
Rising Event Event to fire when the rising threshold is crossed.
Falling Event Event to fire when the falling threshold is crossed.
Owner Specify an owner for the alarm.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
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RMON history
Configure RMON history on the RMON History page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Select Index Select the index from this drop-down menu.
Index Indicates the index of the history entry. The range is from 1 to 65535.
Sample Port Select a port from this drop-down menu.
Bucket Requested Indicates the maximum data entries associated this History control entry
stored in RMON. The range is from 1 to 50, default value is 50.
Interval Indicates the interval in seconds for sampling the history statistics data. The
range is from 1 to 3600, default value is 1800 seconds.
Owner Specify an owner for the history.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Delete to delete the RMON history entry.
RMON history log
The RMON History Table page provides details of RMON history entries.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
History Index Indicates the index of history control entry.
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Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
The industrial managed switch can easily build a power central-controlled IP phone
system, IP camera system, and Access Point (AP) group for the enterprise. For
example, cameras/APs can be installed for company surveillance demands, or to build
a wireless roaming environment in the office. Without power-socket limitation, the
industrial managed switch makes the installation of cameras or WLAN APs simple and
efficient.
PoE Powered Devices (PD)
3~5 Watts
Voice over IP phones
Enterprises can install POE VoIP phones, ATA, and other
Ethernet/non-Ethernet end-devices to the central location where
UPS is installed for uninterrupted power systems and power
control systems.
6~12 Watts
Wireless LAN Access Points
Museums, airports, hotels, campuses, factories, warehouses,
etc. can install APs in any location.
10~12 Watts
IP Surveillance
Enterprises, museums, campuses, hospitals, banks, etc. can
install IP cameras regardless of installation location without the
need to install AC sockets.
3~12 Watts
PoE Splitter
PoE splitters split the PoE 52 VDC over the Ethernet cable into
a
5/12 VDC power output. It frees the device deployment from
restrictions due to power outlet locations, which eliminate the
costs for additional AC wiring and reduces the installation time.
3~25 Watts
High Power PoE Splitter
High PoE splitters split the PoE 56 VDC over the Ethernet cable
into a 24/12V DC power output. It frees the device deployment
from restrictions due to power outlet locations, which eliminate
the costs for additional AC wiring and reduces the installation
time.
30 Watts
High Power Speed Dome
This state-of-the-art design is designed to fit into
various network
environments like traffic centers, shopping malls, railway
stations, warehouses, airports, and production facilities for the
most demanding outdoor surveillance applications without the
need to install AC sockets.
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Note: Since the industrial managed switch PoE ports support 56 VDC PoE power
output, ensure that the PD’s acceptable DC power range is from 56 VDC. Otherwise, it
will damage the PD.
System configuration
In a PoE system, operating power is applied from a power source (PSU-power supply
unit) over the LAN infrastructure to powered devices (PDs), which are connected to
ports. Under some conditions, the total output power required by PDs can exceed the
maximum available power provided by the PSU. The system may include a PSU
capable of supplying less power than the total potential power consumption of all the
PoE ports in the system. To keep the majority of the ports active, power management is
implemented.
The PSU input power consumption is monitored by measuring voltage and current, and
is equal to the system’s aggregated power consumption. The power management
concept allows all ports to be active and activates additional ports, as long as the
aggregated power of the system is lower than the power level at which additional PDs
cannot be connected. When this value is exceeded, ports will be deactivated according
to user-defined priorities. The power budget is managed according to the following
user-definable parameters:
• Maximum available power
• Ports priority
• Maximum allowable power per port
There are five modes for configuring how the ports/PDs may reserve power and when
to shut down ports.
Classification mode
In this mode, each port automatically determines how much power to reserve according
to the class the connected PD belongs to, and reserves the power accordingly. Four
different port classes exist: 4, 7, 15.4, and 30.8 W.
Class
Usage Range of maximum power used by the PD Class Description
0 Default 0.44 to 12.95 W Classification unimplemented
1 Optional 0.44 to 3.84 W Very low power
2 Optional 3.84 to 6.49 W Low power
3 Optional 6.49 to 12.95 W (or to 15.4 W) Mid power
4 Optional 12.95 to 25.50 W (or to 30.8 W) High power
Note:
1. The maximum power fields have no effect in classification mode.
2. The PD69012 PoE chip is designed so that Class level 0 will be assigned to 15.4 W
by AF mode and 30.8 W by AT mode under classification power limit mode. It is
hardware limited.
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Allocation mode
In this mode, the user allocates the amount of power that each port may reserve. The
allocated/reserved power for each port/PD is specified in the maximum power fields.
The ports are shut down when total reserved powered exceeds the amount of power
that the power supply can deliver.
Note: In this mode, the port power is not turned on if the PD requests more available
power.
PoE configuration
Inspect and configure the current PoE configuration settings on the PoE Configuration
page.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
System PoE Admin Mode Enables/disables the PoE function, determining whether or not the
PoE ports supply power.
PoE Management Mode There are six modes for configuring how the ports/PDs may reserve
power and when to shut down ports.
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Object Description
Classification mode: System reserves PoE power to PD according to
PoE class level.
Consumption mode: System offers PoE power according to PD real
power consumption.
Allocation mode: Users can assign how much PoE power for per port
and the system reserves PoE power to the PD.
Temperature Threshold Allows setting over temperature protection threshold value. If the
system temperature is overly high, the system will lower the total PoE
power budget automatically.
PoE Temperature Displays the PoE chip temperature
Power Budget Sets the PoE power budget limitation.
Current power consumption
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
PoE Mode There are three PoE modes:
Enable: Enables the PoE function.
Disable: Disables the PoE function
Schedule: Enables the PoE function in schedule mode
Schedule Indicates the schedule profile mode. Possible profiles are:
Profile1
Profile2
Profile3
Profile4
Priority Priority represents PoE port priority. There are three levels of
power priority: Low, High, and Critical.
Priority is used when total power consumption is over the total
power budget. In this case, the port with the lowest priority is
turned off and power is provided to the port with higher priority.
PD Class Displays the class of the PD attached to the port, as
established by the classification process. Class 0 is the default
for PDs. The PD is powered based on PoE Class level if the
system is working in Classification mode. The PD will return to
Class 0 to 4 in accordance with the maximum power draw.
Current Used [mA] The Power Used shows how much current the PD currently is
using.
Power Used [W] The Power Used shows how much power the PD currently is
using.
Power Allocation Limits the port PoE supply Watts. The per port maximum value
must less than 36 W, and total port values must less than the
power reservation value. After a power overload has been
detected, the port automatically shuts down and remains in
detection mode until the PD’s power consumption is lower than
the power limit value.
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Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
PoE status
Inspect the current status for all PoE ports on the PoE Status page.
PoE schedule
In addition to its functional use for IP surveillance, the industrial managed switch can
also be implemented in any PoE network including VoIP and Wireless LAN. Under the
trend of energy saving worldwide and contributing to worldwide environmental
protection, the industrial managed switch can effectively control power supply in
addition to its capability to provde high Watt power. The PoE schedule function can
enable or disable PoE power feeding for each PoE port during specified time intervals,
and is a powerful function to help SMB or Enterprises save power and reduce cost.
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Scheduled power recycling
The managed switch allows each of the connected PoE IP cameras to reboot at a
specific time each week, thus reducing the chance of IP camera crashes resulting from
buffer overflow.
Define the PoE schedule and schedule power recycling on the PoE Schedule page.
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Click the Add New Rule button to start setting the PoE schedule function. Click Apply
after creating a schedule for the selected profile. Then, go to the PoE Port
Configuration page and select Schedule from the PoE Mode drop-down menu, and the
profile number from the Schedule drop-down menu, for each port to which you want to
apply the schedule profile.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Profile Set the schedule profile mode. Possible profiles are:
Profile1
Profile2
Profile3
Profile4
Week Day Set the weekday for enabling the PoE function.
Start Hour Set the hour for enabling the PoE function.
Start Min Set the minute for enabling the PoE function.
End Hour Set the hour for disabling the PoE function.
End Min Set the minute for disabling the PoE function.
Reboot Enable Enables or disables a PoE port reboot according to the PoE reboot schedule.
Note that if you want the PoE schedule and PoE reboot schedule to work at
the same time, use this function and do not use the Reboot Only function.
This function permits the administrator to reboot the PoE device at the
indicated time as required.
Reboot Only Permits a reboot of the PoE function according to the PoE reboot schedule.
Note that if the administrator enables this function, the PoE schedule will not
set the time to a profile. This function only applies to PoE port reset at the
indicated time.
Reboot Hour Sets the hour for PoE reboots. This function is only for the PoE reboot
schedule.
Reboot Min Sets what the minute for PoE reboots. This function is only for the PoE reboot
schedule.
Buttons
• Click Add New Rule to set the PoE schedule function.
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Delete to delete the entry.
PoE alive check configuration
The IFS PoE managed switch can be configured to monitor connected PD status in
real-time via ping action. Once the PD stops working and does not respond, the PoE
switch restarts PoE port power, and restores the PD to a working state. This increases
reliability and reduces administrator management problems.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Mode Enable or disable the per port PD Alive Check function.
By default, all ports are disabled.
Ping PD IP
Address This column permits the user to set a PoE device IP address for pinging the
PoE device.
Note: the PD’s IP address must be set to the same network segment as the
PoE switch.
Interval Time
(10~300s) This column permits the user to set how long the system should issue a ping
request to a PD to detect if the PD is alive or dead.
Interval time range is from 10 to 300 seconds.
Retry Count (1~5) This column permits the user to set the number of times the system retries
pinging the PD.
For example, if the count is set to 2, and the system retries pinging the PD and
the PD doesn’t respond continuously, the PoE port will be reset.
Action Permits the user to set the action applied if the PD does not respond. The PoE
switch can perform the following three actions:
PD Reboot: The system will reset the PoE port that is connected to the PD.
PD Reboot & Alarm: The system will reset the PoE port and issue an alarm
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Object Description
message via Syslog.
Alarm: The system will issue an alarm message via Syslog.
Reboot Time
(30~180s) This column permits the user to set the PoE device rebooting time.
The PD Alive-check is not a defining standard, so a PoE device doesn’t report
reboot information to the PoE switch. Therefore, the user must determine how
long the PD will take to finish booting, and then set the time value in this
column.
The system checks the PD again according to the reboot time. If you are not
sure of the precise booting time, we suggest setting it to a longer time period.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply changes.
• Click Edit to edit the entry.
Maintenance
Use the Maintenance menu items to display and configure basic configurations of the
managed switch. Under Maintenance, the following topics are provided to back up,
upgrade, save, and restore the configuration. This section has the following items:
• Factory Default: Reset the configuration of the switch on this page.
• Reboot Switch: Restart the switch on this page. After restart, the switch will boot
normally.
• Backup Manager: Back up the switch configuration.
• Upgrade Manager: Upgrade the switch configuration.
• Dual Image: Select active or backup image on this page.
Factory default
Reset the configuration of the switch on this page. Only the IP configuration is retained.
The new configuration is available immediately, which means that no restart is
necessary. Click Restore to reset the configuration to factory default.
The system loads the default IP settings as follows:
• Default IP address: 192.168.0.100
• Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
• Default Gateway: 192.168.0.254
• The other setting value is back to disable or none.
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To reset the managed switch to the factory default setting, you can also press the
hardware reset button at the front panel for 10 seconds. After the device reboots, you
can log in to the management web interface within the same subnet of 192.168.0.xx.
Reboot switch
The reboot page permits the device to be rebooted from a remote location. After
clicking the Reboot button to restart, log in to the web interface about 60 seconds later.
Backup manager
This function allows backup of the current image or configuration of the managed
switch to the local management station.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Backup Method Select a backup method from this drop-down menu.
Server IP Type in the TFTP server IP address.
Backup Type Select the backup type.
Image Select the active or backup image.
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Buttons
• Click Backup to back up the image, configuration, or log.
Upgrade manager
This function permits reloading the managed switch’s current image or configuration to
the local management station.
The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Upgrade Method Select an upgrade method from this drop-down menu.
Server IP Type in the TFTP server IP address.
File Name The name of the firmware image or configuration.
Backup Type Select the upgrade type.
Image Select the active or backup image.
Buttons
• Click Upgrade to upgrade the image or configuration.
Dual image
This page provides information about the active and backup firmware images in the
device, and permits reversion to the backup image. The page displays two tables with
information about the active and backup firmware images.
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The page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Image Select the active or backup image.
Buttons
• Click Apply to apply the active image.
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Chapter 5
Switch operation
Address table
The industrial managed switch is implemented with an address table. This address
table is composed of many entries. Each entry is used to store the address information
of some node in network, including MAC address, port number, etc. This information
comes from the learning process of the industrial managed switch.
Learning
When one packet comes in from any port, the industrial managed switch records the
source address, port number, and the other related information in the address table.
This information will be used to decide either forwarding or filtering for future packets.
Forwarding and filtering
When one packet comes from a port of the industrial managed switch, it checks the
destination address as well as the source address learning. The industrial managed
switch will look up the address table for the destination address. If not found, this
packet will be forwarded to all the other ports except the port that this packet comes
from. These ports will transmit this packet to the network it is connected to. If found,
and the destination address is located at a different port from the one this packet
comes from, the industrial managed switch will forward this packet to the port where
this destination address is located according to the information from address table. But,
if the destination address is located at the same port that this packet comes in, then this
packet will be filtered, thereby increasing the network throughput and availability.
Store-and-forward
Store-and-Forward is a packet-forwarding technique. A Store-and-Forward switch
stores the incoming frame in an internal buffer and completes error checking before
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222 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
transmission. Therefore, no erroneous packets will occur, making it the best choice
when a network needs efficiency and stability.
The industrial managed switch scans the destination address from the packet header
and searches the routing table provided for the incoming port and forwards the packet if
required. The fast forwarding makes the switch attractive for connecting servers directly
to the network, thereby increasing throughput and availability. However, the switch is
most commonly used to segment existing hubs, which nearly always improves the
overall performance. Ethernet switching can be easily configured in any Ethernet
network environment to significantly boost bandwidth using conventional cabling and
adapters.
Owing to the learning function of the industrial managed switch, the source address
and corresponding port number of each incoming and outgoing packet are stored in a
routing table. This information is subsequently used to filter packets whose destination
address is on the same segment as the source address. This confines network traffic to
its respective domain and reduces the overall load on the network.
The industrial managed switch performs Store-and-Forward, preventing errorneous
packets and reducing the re-transmission rate. No packet loss will occur.
Auto-negotiation
The STP ports on the industrial managed switch have built-in auto-negotiation. This
technology automatically sets the best possible bandwidth when a connection is
established with another network device (usually at Power On or Reset). This is done
by detecting the modes and speeds of both devices that are connected. Both the
10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX devices can connect with the port in either half- or full-
duplex mode. 1000BASE-T can be only connected in full-duplex mode.
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Chapter 6
PoE overview
What is PoE?
PoE is an abbreviation for Power over Ethernet. PoE technology permits a system to
pass data and electrical power safely on an Ethernet UTP cable. The IEEE standard for
PoE technology requires a category 5 cable or higher for high power PoE levels, but
can operate with a category 3 cable for low power levels. Power is supplied in common
mode over two or more of the differential pairs of wires found in Ethernet cables and
comes from a power supply within a PoE-enabled networking device such as an
Ethernet switch or can be injected into a cable run with a mid-span power supply.
The original IEEE 802.3af-2003 PoE standard provides up to 15.4 W of DC power
(minimum 44 VDC and 350 mA) to each device. Only 12.95 W is assured to be
available at the powered device as some power dissipates in the cable. The updated
IEEE 802.3at-2009 PoE standard, also known as PoE+ or PoE plus, provides up to
25.5 W of power. The 2009 standard prohibits a powered device from using all four
pairs for power. The 802.3af/802.3at standards define two types of source equipment:
Mid-Span – A mid-span device is placed between a legacy switch and the powered
device (PD). Mid-span taps the unused wire pairs 4/5 and 7/8 to carry power. The other
four pairs are for data transmission.
End-Span – An end-span device connects directly to the PD. End-span taps the 1/2
and 3/6 wire pairs.
PoE system architecture
The PoE specification typically requires two devices: the Powered Source Equipment
(PSE) and the PD. The PSE is either an end-span or a mid-span, while the PD is a
PoE-enabled terminal such as an IP phone, Wireless LAN, etc. Power can be delivered
over data pairs or spare pairs of standard CAT-5 cabling.
Powered Source Equipment (PSE)
A PSE is a device such as a switch that provides (sources) power on the Ethernet
cable. The maximum allowed continuous output power per cable in IEEE 802.3af is
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224 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
15.40 W. A later specification, IEEE 802.3at, offers 25.50 W. When the device is a
switch, it is commonly called an end-span, although IEEE 802.3af refers to it as
endpoint. Otherwise, if it's an intermediary device between a non PoE capable switch
and a PoE device, it's called a mid-span. An external PoE injector is a mid-span device.
Powered Device (PD)
A PD is a device powered by a PSE and thus consumes energy. Examples include
wireless access points, IP phones, and IP cameras. Many powered devices have an
auxiliary power connector for an optional external power supply. Depending on the PD
design, some, none, or all power can be supplied from the auxiliary port, with the
auxiliary port sometimes acting as backup power in case of PoE-supplied power failure.
How power is transferred through the cable
A standard CAT5 Ethernet cable has four twisted pairs, but only two of these are used
for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX. The specification allows two options for using these
cables for power.
The spare pairs are used. The diagram below shows the pair on pins 4 and 5
connected together and forming the positive supply, and the pair on pins 7 and 8
connected and forming the negative supply. (either polarity can be used).
The data pairs are used. Since Ethernet pairs are transformer-coupled at each end, it is
possible to apply DC power to the center tap of the isolation transformer without
interrupting the data transfer. In this mode of operation, the pair on pins 3 and 6 and the
pair on pins 1 and 2 can be of either polarity.
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Chapter 7
Troubleshooting
This chapter contains information to help you solve issues. If the industrial managed
switch is not functioning properly, ensure that it was set up according to the instructions
in this manual.
Issue
Solution
The l
ink LED does not illuminate
Check the cable connection and remove duplex
mode of the industrial managed switch.
Some stations cannot talk to o
ther stations
located on the other port
. Check the VLAN settings,
trunk settings, or port
enabled/disabled status.
Poor performance
Check the full duplex status of the industrial
managed switch. If the industrial managed
switch is set to full duplex and t
he partner is set
to half duplex, then the performance will be
poor. Also check the in/out rate of the port.
T
he managed switch doesn't connect to the
network
1. Check the LNK/ACT LED on the industrial
managed switch.
2. Try another port on the industrial managed
switch.
3. Make sure the cable is installed properly.
4. Make sure the cable is the right type.
5. Turn off the power. After a while, turn on
power again.
The 1000BASE
-T port link LED illuminates, but
the traffic is irregular
Check that the attached device is not set to
dedicate full duplex. Some devices use a
physical or software switch to change duplex
modes. Auto-
negotiation may not recognize this
type of full-duplex setting.
The
managed switch does not power up. 1. Check to ensure that the AC power cord is
not faulty and that it is inserted properly.
2. If the cord is inserted correctly, replace the
power cord.
3. Check that the AC power source is working
by connecting a different device in place of
the switch.
4. If that device does not work, check the AC
power
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Appendix A
Networking connection
PoE RJ45 port pin assignments
Pin Number RJ45 Power Assignment
1 Power +
2 Power +
3 Power -
6 Power -
RJ45 port pin assignments – 1000Mbps, 1000BASE-T
Pin number
MDI MDI-X
1
BI_DA+ BI_DB+
2
BI_DA- BI_DB-
3
BI_DB+ BI_DA+
4
BI_DC+ BI_DD+
5
BI_DC- BI_DD-
6
BI_DB- BI_DA-
7
BI_DD+ BI_DC+
8
BI_DD- BI_DC-
Implicit implementation of the crossover function within a twisted-pair cable, or at a
wiring panel, while not expressly forbidden, is beyond the scope of this standard.
10/100Mbps, 10/100BASE-TX
When connecting the industrial managed switch to another Fast Ethernet switch, a
bridge, or a hub, a straight or crossover cable is necessary. Each port of the industrial
managed switch supports auto-MDI (Media Dependent Interface)/MDI-X (Media
Dependent Interface Cross) detection. This makes it possible to directly connect the
industrial managed switch to any Ethernet device without making a crossover cable.
The following table and diagram show the standard RJ45 receptacle/ connector and
their pin assignments.
Appendix A: Networking connection
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 227
Pin number
MDI MDI-X
1
Tx + (transmit) Rx + (receive)
2
Tx - (transmit) Rx - (receive)
3
Rx + (receive) Tx + (transmit)
4, 5
Not used
6
Rx + (receive) Tx + (transmit)
7, 8
Not used
The standard RJ45 receptacle/connector:
2 1 3 6
1
2
3
6
2 1
3 6
There are eight wires on a standard UTP/STP cable and each wire is color-coded. The
following shows the pin allocation and the color of the straight cable and crossover
cable connection:
Straight Cable SIDE 1 SIDE 2
SIDE 1 1 = White / Orange
2 = Orange
3 = White / Green
4 = Blue
5 = White / Blue
6 = Green
7 = White / Brown
8 = Brown
1 = White / Orange
2 = Orange
3 = White / Green
4 = Blue
5 = White / Blue
6 = Green
7 = White / Brown
8 = Brown
SIDE 2
Crossover Cable SIDE 1 SIDE 2
SIDE 1 1 = White / Orange
2 = Orange
3 = White / Green
4 = Blue
5 = White / Blue
6 = Green
7 = White / Brown
8 = Brown
1 = White / Green
2 = Green
3 = White / Orange
4 = Blue
5 = White / Blue
6 = Orange
7 = White / Brown
8 = Brown
SIDE 2
Ensure that connected cables are with the same pin assignment and color as the above
diagram before deploying the cables into the network.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 228
Glossary
A
ACE
Access Control Entry. It describes access permission
associated with a particular ACE ID.
There are three ACE frame types (Ethernet Type, ARP, and
IPv4) and two ACE actions (permit and deny). ACE also
contains many detailed, different parameter options that are
available for individual application.
ACL
Access Control List. It is the list table of ACEs, containing
access control entries that specify individual users or groups
permitted or denied to specific traffic objects, such as a process
or a program. Each accessible traffic object contains an
identifier to its ACL. The privileges determine if there are
specific traffic object access rights.
In networking, the ACL refers to a list of service ports or network
services that are available on a host or
server, each with a list of
hosts or servers permitted or denied to use the service. ACL
can generally be configured to control inbound traffic, and in this
context, they are similar to firewalls.
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 229
There are three web pages associated with the manual ACL
configuration:
Access Control List (ACL): The web page shows the ACEs in
a prioritized way, highest (top) to lowest (bottom). The table is
empty by default. An ingress frame will only get a hit on one
ACE even though there are more matching ACEs. The first
matching ACE will take action (permit/deny) on that frame and a
counter associated with that ACE is incremented. An ACE can
be associated with a policy, one ingress port, or any ingress
port (the whole switch). If an ACE policy is created then that
policy can be associated with a group of ports under the "Ports"
web page. There are number of parameters that can be
configured with an ACE. Read the web page help text to obtain
further information for each of them. The maximum number of
ACEs is 64.
ACL Port Configuration: The ACL ports configuration is used
to assign a Policy ID to an ingress port. This is useful to group
ports to obey the same traffic rules. Traffic policy is created
under the "Access Control List" page. You can you also set up
specific traffic properties (Action / Rate Limiter / Port copy, etc.)
for each ingress port. They will only apply if the frame gets past
the ACE matching without getting matched, however. In that
case a counter associated with that port is incremented. See the
web page help text for each specific port property.
ACL Rate Limiters: This page can be used to configure the
rate limiters. There can be 15 different rate limiters, each
ranging from 1-1024K packets per second. The "Ports" and
"Access Control List" web pages can be used to assign a Rate
Limiter ID to the ACE(s) or ingress port(s).
AES
Advanced Encryption Standard. The encryption key protocol is
applied in 802.1i standard to improve WLAN security. It is an
encryption standard by the U.S. government, which will replace
DES and 3DES. AES has a fixed block size of 128 bits and a
key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits.
AMS
Auto Media Select. AMS is used for dual media ports (ports
supporting both copper (CU) and fiber (SFP) cables. AMS
automatically determines if a SFP or a CU cable is inserted and
switches to the corresponding media. If both SFP and CU
cables are inserted, the port will select the prefered media.
APS
Automatic Protection Switching. This protocol is used to secure
that switching is done bidirectionally in the two ends of a
protection group, as defined in G.8031
Aggregation
Using multiple ports in parallel to increase the link speed
beyond the limits of a port and to increase the redundancy for
higher availability.
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol. It is a protocol used to convert an
IP address into a physical address, such as an Ethernet
address. ARP allows a host to communicate with other hosts
when only the Internet address of its neighbors is known. Before
using IP, the host sends a broadcast ARP request containing
the Internet address of the desired destination system.
230 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
ARP inspection
ARP i
nspection is a secure feature. Several types of attacks can
be launched against a host or devices connected to Layer 2
networks by "poisoning" the ARP caches. This feature is used
to block such attacks. Only valid ARP requests and responses
can go through the switch device.
Auto negotiation
Auto-negotiation is the process where two different devices
establish the mode of operation and the speed settings that can
be shared by those devices for a link
C
CC
Continuity Check. This is a MEP functionality that is able to
detect loss of continuity in a network by transmitting CCM
frames to a peer MEP.
CCM
Continuity Check Message. This is an OAM frame transmitted
from a MEP to its peer MEP and used to implement CC
functionality.
CDP
Cisco Discovery Protocol
D
DEI
Drop Eligible Indicator. It is a 1-bit field in the VLAN tag.
DES
Data Encryption Standard. It provides a complete description
of a mathematical algorithm for encrypting (enciphering) and
decrypting (deciphering) binary coded information.
Encrypting data converts it to an unintelligible form called
cipher. Decrypting cipher converts the data back to its original
form called plaintext. The algorithm described in this standard
specifies both enciphering and deciphering operations which
are based on a binary number called a key.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a protocol used for
assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network.
DHCP is used by networked computers (clients) to obtain IP
addresses and other parameters such as the default gateway,
subnet mask, and IP addresses of DNS servers from a DHCP
server.
The DHCP server ensures that all IP addresses are unique.
For example, no IP address is assigned to a second client
while the first client's assignment is valid (its lease has not
expired). Therefore, IP address pool management is done by
the server and not by a human network administrator.
Dynamic addressing simplifies network administra
tion because
the software keeps track of IP addresses rather than requiring
an administrator to manage the task. This means that a new
computer can be added to a network without the hassle of
manually assigning it a unique IP address.
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 231
DHCP Relay
DHCP Relay is used to forward and transfer DHCP messages
between the clients and the server when they are not on the
same subnet domain.
The DHCP option 82 enables a DHCP relay agent to insert
specific information into DHCP request packets when
forwarding client DHCP packets to a DHCP server and remove
the specific information from DHCP reply packets when
forwarding server DHCP packets to a DHCP client. The DHCP
server can use this information to implement IP address or
other assignment policies. Specifically, the option works by
setting two sub-options: Circuit ID (option 1) and Remote ID
(option2). The Circuit ID sub-option is supposed to include
information specific to which circuit the request came in on.
The Remote ID sub-option is designed to carry information
relating to the remote host end of the circuit.
The definition of Circuit ID in the switch is 4 bytes in length and
the format is "vlan_id" "module_id" "port_no". The parameter of
"vlan_id" is the first two bytes represent the VLAN ID. The
parameter of "module_id" is the third byte for the module ID (in
standalone switch it always equal 0, in switch it means switch
ID). The parameter of "port_no" is the fourth byte and it means
the port number.
The Remote ID is 6 bytes in length, and the value is equal to
the DHCP relay agent’s MAC address.
DHCP Snooping
DHCP snooping is used to block an intruder on the untrusted
ports of the switch device when it tries to intervene by injecting
a bogus DHCP reply packet into a legitimate conversation
between the DHCP client and server.
DNS
Domain Name System. It stores and associates many types of
information with domain names. Most importantly, DNS
translates human-friendly domain names and computer
hostnames into computer-friendly IP addresses. For example,
the domain name www.example.com might translate to
192.168.0.1.
DoS
Denial of Service. In a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, an
attacker attempts to prevent legitimate users from accessing
information or services. By targeting network sites or a
network
connection, an attacker may be able to prevent network users
from accessing email, web sites, online accounts (banking,
etc.), or other services that rely on the affected computer.
Dotted Decimal Notation
Dotted Decimal Notation refers to a method of writing IP
addresses using decimal numbers and dots as separators
between octets.
An IPv4 dotted decimal address has the form x.y.z.w, where x,
y, z, and w are decimal numbers between 0 and 255.
DSCP
Differentiated Services Code Point. It is a field in the header of
IP packets for packet classification purposes.
E
EEE
Energy Efficient Ethernet as defined in IEEE 802.3az.
EPS
Ethernet Protection Switching as defined in ITU/T G.8031.
232 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
Ethernet Type
Ethernet Type, or EtherType, is a field in the Ethernet MAC
header, defin
ed by the Ethernet networking standard. It is used
to indicate which protocol is being transported in an Ethernet
frame.
F
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. It is a transfer protocol that uses the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and provides file writing
and reading. It also provides directory service and security
features.
Fast Leave
IGMP snooping Fast Leave processing allows the switch to
remove an interface from the forwarding-table entry without
first sending out group specific queries to the interface. The
VLAN interface is pruned from the multicast tree for the
multicast group specified in the original leave message. Fast-
leave processing ensures optimal bandwidth management for
all hosts on a switched network, even when multiple multicast
groups are in use simultaneously.
H
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is a protocol that used to
transfer or convey information on the World Wide Web
(WWW).
HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted,
and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in
response to various commands. For example, entering a URL
in a browser actually sends an HTTP command to the web
server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested web
page. The other main standard that controls how the World
Wide Web works is HTML, which covers how web pages are
formatted and displayed.
Any web server machine contains, in addition to the web page
files it can serve, an HTTP daemon, a program that is
designed to wait for HTTP requests and handle them when
they arrive. The web browser is an HTTP client, sending
requests to server machines. An HTTP client initiates a request
by establishing a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
connection to a particular port on a remote host (port 80 by
default). An HTTP server listening on that port waits for the
client to send a request message.
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 233
HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer. It is
used to indicate a secure HTTP connection.
HTTPS provides authentication and encrypted communication
and is widely used on the World Wide Web for security-
sensitive communication such as payment transactions and
corporate logons.
HTTPS is the use of Secure Socket Layer (SSL) as a sublayer
under its regular HTTP application layering. HTTPS uses port
443 instead of HTTP port 80 in its interactions with the lower
layer, TCP/IP. SSL uses a 40-bit key size for the RC4 stream
encryption algorithm, which is considered an adequate degree
of encryption for commercial exchange.
I
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a protocol that
generated the error response, diagnostic, or routing purposes.
ICMP messages generally contain information about routing
difficulties or simple exchanges such as time-stamp or echo
transactions. For example, the PING command uses ICMP to
test an Internet connection.
IEEE 802.1X
IEEE 802.1X is an IEEE standard for port-based Network
Access Control. It provides authentication to devices attached
to a LAN port, establishing a point-to-point connection or
preventing access from that port if authentication fails. With
802.1X, access to all switch ports can be centrally controlled
from a server, which means that authorized users can use the
same credentials for authentication from any point within the
network.
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol. It is a communications
protocol used to manage the membership of Internet Protocol
multicast groups. IGMP is used by IP hosts and adjacent
multicast routers to establish multicast group memberships. It
is an integral part of the IP multicast specification, like ICMP for
unicast connections. IGMP can be used for online video and
gaming, and allows more efficient use of resources when
supporting these uses.
IGMP Querier
A router sends IGMP query messages onto a particular link.
This router is called the Querier.
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol. It is a protocol for email
clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server.
IMAP is the protocol that IMAP clients use to communicate
with the servers, and SMTP is the protocol used to transport
mail to an IMAP server.
The current version of the IMAP is IMAP4. It is similar to Post
Office Protocol version 3 (POP3), but offers additional and
more complex features. For example, the IMAP4 protocol
leaves email messages on the server rather than downloading
them to a computer. To remove your messages from the
server, use the mail client to generate local folders, copy
messages to the local hard drive, and then delete and expunge
the messages from the server.
234 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
IP
Internet Protocol. It is a protocol used for communicating data
across a internet network.
IP is a "best effort" system, which means that no packet of
information sent over it is assured to reach its destination in the
same condition it was sent. Each device connected to a Local
Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN) is given an
IP address, and this IP address is used to identify the device
uniquely among all other devices connected to the extended
network.
The most widely used version of the Internet protocol is IPv4,
which has 32-bit IP addresses allowing for over four billion
unique addresses. There is a substantial movement to adopt a
new version of the Internet Protocol, IPv6, which would have
128-bit IP addresses. This number can be represented roughly
by a three with thirty-nine zeroes after it. However, IPv4 is still
the protocol of choice for most of the Internet.
IPMC
IP MultiCast
IP Source Guard
IP Source Guard is a secure feature used to restrict IP traffic
on DHCP snooping untrusted ports by filtering traffic based on
the DHCP Snooping Table or manually configured IP Source
Bindings. It helps prevent IP spoofing attacks when a host tries
to spoof and use the IP address of another host.
L
LACP
LACP is an IEEE 802.3ad standard protocol. The Link
Aggregation Control Protocol, allows bundling several physical
ports together to form a single logical port.
LLDP
Link Layer Discovery Protocol is an IEEE 802.1ab standard
protocol.
The LLDP specified in this standard allows stations attached
to
an IEEE 802 LAN to advertise to other stations attached to the
same IEEE 802 LAN the major capabilities provided by the
system incorporating that station, the management address or
addresses of the entity or entities that provide management of
those capabilities, and the identification of the station’
s point of
attachment to the IEEE 802 LAN required by those
management entity or entities. The information distributed via
this protocol is stored by its recipients in a standard
Management Information Base (MIB), making it possible for
the information to be accessed by a Network Management
System (NMS) using a management protocol such as the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
LLDP
-MED LLDP-
MED is an extendsion of IEEE 802.1ab and is defined by
the telecommunication industry association (TIA-1057).
LOC
LOC is an acronym for Loss Of Connectivity
and is detected by
a MEP and indicates lost connectivity in the network. Can be
used as a switch criteria by EPS.
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 235
M
MAC Table
Switching of frames is based upon the DMAC address
contained in the frame. The switch builds up a table that maps
MAC addresses to switch ports for knowing which ports the
frames should go to based upon the DMAC address in the
frame. This table contains both static and dynamic entries. The
static entries are configured by the network administrator if the
administrator wants to do a fixed mapping between the DMAC
address and switch ports.
The frames also contain a MAC address (SMAC address ),
that shows the MAC address of the equipment sending the
frame. The SMAC address is used by the switch to
automatically update the MAC table with these dynamic MAC
addresses. Dynamic entries are removed from the MAC table if
no frame with the corresponding SMAC address have been
seen after a configurable age time.
MEP
MEP is an acronym for Maintenance Entity Endpoint and is an
endpoint in a Maintenance Entity Group (ITU-T Y.1731).
MD5
Message-Digest algorithm 5. MD5 is a message digest
algorithm using a cryptographic hash function with a 128-bit
hash value. It was designed by Ron Rivest in 1991. MD5 is
officially defined in RFC 1321 – The MD5 Message-Digest
Algorithm.
Mirroring
For debugging network problems or monitoring network traffic,
the switch system can be configured to mirror frames from
multiple ports to a mirror port. In this context, mirroring a frame
is the same as copying the frame.
Both incoming (source) and outgoing (destination) frames can
be mirrored to the mirror port
MLD
Multicast Listener Discovery for IPv6. MLD is used by IPv6
routers to discover multicast listeners on a directly attached
link, much as IGMP is used in IPv4. The protocol is embedded
in ICMPv6 instead of using a separate protocol.
MVR
Multicast VLAN Registration. It is a protocol for Layer 2 (IP)
networks that enables multicast traffic from a source VLAN to
be shared with subscriber VLANs.
The main reason for using MVR is to save bandwidth by
preventing duplicate multicast streams being sent in the core
network, instead the stream(s) are received on the MVR-
VLAN
and forwarded to the VLANs where hosts have requested
it/them.
N
NAS
Network Access Server. The NAS is meant to act as a gateway
to guard access to a protected source. A client connects to the
NAS, and the NAS connects to another resource asking
whether the client's supplied credentials are valid. Based on
the answer, the NAS then allows or disallows access to the
protected resource. An example of a NAS implementation is
IEEE 802.1X.
236 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
NetBIOS
Network Basic Input/Output System. It is a program that allows
applications on separate computers to communicate within a
Local Area Network (LAN), and it is not supported on a Wide
Area Network (WAN).
The NetBIOS provides each computer in the network both a
NetBIOS name and an IP address corresponding to a different
host name, as well as the session and transport services
described in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model.
NFS
Network File System. It allows hosts to mount partitions on a
remote system and use them as though they are local file
systems.
NFS allows the system administrator to store resources in a
central location on the network, providing authorized users
continuous access to them, which means NFS supports
sharing of files, printers, and other resources as persistent
storage over a computer network.
NTP
Network Time Protocol. A network protocol for synchronizing
the clocks of computer systems. NTP uses UDP (datagrams)
as the transport layer.
O
OAM
Operation Administration and Maintenance. It is a protocol
described in ITU-T Y.1731 used to implement carrier Ethernet
functionality. MEP functionality like CC and RDI is based on
this.
Optional TLVs
A LLDP frame contains multiple TLVs
For some TLVs it is configurable if the switch includes the TLV
in the LLDP frame. These TLVs are known as optional TLVs. If
an optional TLVs is disabled, the corresponding information is
not included in the LLDP frame.
OUI
Organizationally Unique I
dentifier. An OUI address is a globally
unique identifier assigned to a vendor by IEEE. You can
determine which vendor a device belongs to according to the
OUI address that forms the first 24 bits of a MAC address.
P
PCP
Priority Code Point. It is a 3-bit field storing the priority level for
the 802.1Q frame. It is also known as User Priority.
PD
Powered Device. In a PoE> system the power is delivered from
a PSE ( power sourcing equipment ) to a remote device. The
remote device is called a PD.
PHY
Physical Interface Transceiver. It is the device that implements
the Ethernet physical layer (IEEE-802.3).
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 237
Ping
Ping is a program that sends a series of packets over a
network or the Internet to a specific computer in order to
generate a response from that computer. The other computer
responds with an acknowledgment that it received the packets.
Ping was created to verify whether a specific computer on a
network or the Internet exists and is connected.
Ping uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets.
The ping request is the packet from the origin computer, and
the ping reply is the packet response from the target.
Policer
A policer can limit the bandwidth of received frames. It is
located in front of the ingress queue.
POP3
POP3 is an acronym for Post Office Protocol version 3. It is a
protocol for email clients to retrieve email messages from a
mail server.
POP3 is designed to delete mail on the server as soon as the
user has do
wnloaded it. However, some implementations allow
users or an administrator to specify that mail be saved for
some period of time. POP can be thought of as a "store-and-
forward" service.
An alternative protocol is Internet Message Access Protocol
(IMAP). IMAP provides the user with more capabilities for
retaining email on the server and for organizing it in folders on
the server. IMAP can be thought of as a remote file server.
POP and IMAP deal with the receiving of email and are not to
be confused with the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
You send email with SMTP, and a mail handler receives it on
the recipient's behalf. Then, the mail is read using POP or
IMAP.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. It is a network protocol
for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside
Ethernet frames (Wikipedia). It is used mainly with ADSL
services where individual users connect to the ADSL
transceiver (modem) over Ethernet and in plain Metro Ethernet
networks.
Private VLAN
In a private VLAN, c
ommunication between ports in that private
VLAN is not permitted. A VLAN can be configured as a private
VLAN.
PTP
Precision Time Protocol. A network protocol for synchronizing
the clocks of computer systems.
Q
QCE
QoS Control Entry. It describes the QoS class associated with
a particular QCE ID.
There are six QCE frame types: Ethernet Type, VLAN,
UDP/TCP Port, DSCP, TOS, and Tag Priority. Frames can be
classified by one of four different QoS classes: "Low",
"Normal," "Medium," and "High" for individual application.
238 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
QCL
QoS Control List. It is the list table of QCEs, containing QoS
control entries that classify a specific QoS class on specific
traffic objects.
Each accessible traffic object contains an identifier to its QCL.
The privileges determine specific traffic object to specific QoS
class.
QL
QL In SyncE is the Quality Level of a given clock source. This
is received on a port in a SSM indicating the quality of the
clock received in the port.
QoS
Quality of Service. It is a method to guarantee a bandwidth
relationship between individual applications or protocols.
A communications network transports a multitude of
applications and data, including high-quality video and delay-
sensitive data such as real-time voice. Networks must provide
secure, predictable, measurable, and sometimes guaranteed
services, and QoS can help to provide this.
QoS C
lass Every incoming frame is classified to a QoS class, which is
used throughout the device for providing queuing, scheduling,
and congestion control guarantees to the frame according to
what was configured for that specific QoS class. There is a one
to one mapping between QoS class, queue, and priority. A
QoS class of 0 (zero) has the lowest priority.
R
RARP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. It is a protocol that is
used to obtain an IP address for a given hardware address,
such as an Ethernet address. RARP is the complement of
ARP.
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service. It is a networking
protocol that provides centralized access, authorization, and
accounting management for people or computers to connect
to
and use a network service.
RDI
Remote Defect Indication. It is a OAM functionallity that is used
by a MEP to indicate defect detected to the remote peer MEP.
Router Port
A router port is a port on the Ethernet switch that connects it to
the Layer 3 multicast device.
RSTP
In 1998, the IEEE with document 802.1w introduced an
evolution of STP: the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol, which
provides for faster spanning tree convergence after a topology
change. Standard IEEE 802.1D-2004 now incorporates RSTP
and obsoletes STP, while at the same time being backwards-
compatible with STP.
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 239
S
SAMBA
Samba is a program running under UNIX-like operating
systems that provides seamless integration between UNIX
and
Microsoft Windows machines. Samba acts as file and print
servers for Microsoft Windows
and other SMB client machines.
Samba uses the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol and
Common Internet File System (CIFS), which is the underlying
protocol used in Microsoft Windows networking.
Samba can be installed on a variety of operating system
platforms, including Linux and most common Unix platforms.
Samba can also register itself with the master browser on the
network so that it would appear in the listing of hosts in
Microsoft Windows "Neighborhood Network".
SHA
SHA is an acronym for Secure Hash Algorithm. It designed by
the National Security Agency (NSA) and published by the NIST
as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard. Hash
algorithms compute a fixed-length digital representation
(known as a message digest) of an input data sequence (the
message) of any length.
Shaper
A shaper can limit the bandwidth of transmitted frames. It is
located after the ingress queues.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is a text-based protocol that
uses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and provides a
mail service modeled on the FTP file transfer service. SMTP
transfers mail messages between systems and notifications
regarding incoming mail.
SNAP
SubNetwork Access Protocol (SNAP). It is a mechanism for
multiplexing, on networks using IEEE 802.2 LLC, more
protocols than can be distinguished by the 8-bit 802.2 Service
Access Point (SAP) fields. SNAP supports identifying protocols
by Ethernet type field values; it also supports vendor-private
protocol identifiers.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. It is part of the
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
protocol for network management. SNMP allows diverse
network objects to participate in a network management
architecture. It enables network management systems to learn
network problems by receiving traps or change notices from
network devices implementing SNMP.
SNTP
Simple Network Time Protocol. A network protocol for
synchronizing the clocks of computer systems. SNTP uses
UDP (datagrams) as a transport layer.
SPROUT
Stack Protocol using Routing Technology. An advanced
protocol for almost instantaneous discovery of topology
changes within a stack as well as election of a master switch.
S
PROUT also calculates parameters for setting up each switch
to perform the shortest path forwarding within the stack.
240 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
SSID
Service Set Identifier. It is a name used to identify the
particular 802.11 wireless LANs to which a user wants to
attach. A client
device will receive broadcast messages from all
access points within range advertising their SSIDs, and can
choose one to connect to based on pre-configuration, or by
displaying a list of SSIDs in range and asking th
e user to select
one.
SSH
Secure Shell. It is a network protocol that allows data to be
exchanged using a secure channel between two networked
devices. The encryption used by SSH provides confidentiality
and integrity of data over an insecure network. The goal of
SSH was to replace the earlier rlogin, TELNET and rsh
protocols, which did not provide strong authentication or
guarantee confidentiality.
SSM
SSM In SyncE is an abbreviation for Synchronization Status
Message and contains a QL indication.
STP
Spanning Tree Protocol is an OSI layer-2 protocol which
ensures a loop free topology for any bridged LAN. The original
STP protocol is now obsoleted by RSTP.
SyncE
Synchronous Ethernet. This functionality is used to make a
network 'clock frequency' synchronized. Not to be confused
with real time clock synchronized (IEEE 1588).
T
TACACS+
Terminal Acess Controller Access Control System Plus. It is a
networking protocol that provides access control for routers,
network access servers, and other networked computing
devices via one or more centralized servers. TACACS+
provides separate authentication, authorization, and
accounting services.
Tag Priority
Tag Priority is a 3-bit field storing the priority level for the
802.1Q frame.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol. It is a communications protocol
that uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to exchange messages
between computers.
The TCP protocol guarantees reliable and in-order delivery of
data from sender to receiver and distinguishes data for multiple
connections by concurrent applications (for example, Web
server and email server) running on the same host.
The applications on networked hosts can use TCP to create
connections to one another. It is known as a connection-
oriented protocol, which means that a connection is
established and maintained until such time as the message or
messages to be exchanged by the application programs at
each end have been exchanged. TCP is responsible for
ensuring that a message is divided into the packets that IP
manages and for reassembling the packets back into the
complete message at the other end.
Common network applications that use TCP include the World
Wide Web (WWW), email, and File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 241
TELNET
TELetype NETwork. It is a terminal emulation protocol that
uses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and provides a
virtual connection between TELNET server and TELNET client.
TELNET enables the client to control the server and
communicate with other servers on the network. To start a
Telnet session, the client user must log in to a server by
entering a valid username and password. Then, the client user
can enter commands through the Telnet program just as if they
were entering commands directly on the server console.
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol. It is transfer protocol that uses
the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and provides file writing
and reading, but it does not provides directory service and
security features.
ToS
Type of Service. It is implemented as the IPv4 ToS priority
control. It is fully decoded to determine the priority from the 6-
bit ToS field in the IP header. The most significant six bits of
the ToS field are fully decoded into 64 possibilities, and the
singular code that results is compared against the
corresponding bit in the IPv4 ToS priority control bit (0~63).
TLV
Type Length Value. A LLDP frame can contain multiple pieces
of information. Each of these pieces of information is known as
a TLV.
TKIP
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol. It is used in WPA to replace
WEP with a new encryption algorithm. TKIP comprises the
same encryption engine and RC4 algorithm defined for WEP.
The key used for encryption in TKIP is 128 bits and changes
the key used for each packet.
U
UDP
User Datagram Protocol. It is a communications protocol that
uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to exchange the messages
between computers.
UDP is an alternative to the Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP) that uses the Internet Protocol (IP). Unlike TCP, UDP
does not provide the service of dividing a message into packet
datagrams, and UDP doesn't provide reassembling and
sequencing of the packets. This means that the application
program that uses UDP must be able to make sure that the
entire message has arrived and is in the right order. Network
applications that want to save processing time because they
have very small data units to exchange may prefer UDP to
TCP.
UDP provides two services not provided by the IP layer. It
provides port numbers to help distinguish different user
requests and, optionally, a checksum capability to verify that
the data arrived intact.
Common network applications that use UDP include the
Domain Name System (DNS), streaming media applications
such as IPTV, Voice over IP (VoIP), and Trivial File Transfer
Protocol (TFTP).
242 NS3562-8P-2S User Manual
UPnP
Universal Plug and Play. The goals of UPnP are to allow
devices to connect seamlessly and to simplify the
implementation of networks in the home (data sharing,
communications, and entertainment) and in corporate
environments for simplified installation of computer
components
User Priority
User Priority is a 3-bit field that stores the priority level for the
802.1Q frame.
V
VLAN
Virtual LAN. A method to restrict communication between
switch ports. VLANs can be used for the following applications:
VLAN unaware switching: This is the default configuration.
All ports a
re VLAN unaware with Port VLAN ID 1 and members
of VLAN 1. This means that MAC addresses are learned in
VLAN 1, and the switch does not remove or insert VLAN tags.
VLAN aware switching: This is based on the IEEE 802.1Q
standard. All ports are VLAN aware. Ports connected to VLAN
aware switches are members of multiple VLANs and transmit
tagged frames. Other ports are members of one VLAN, set up
with this Port VLAN ID, and transmit untagged frames.
Provider switching: This is also known as Q-in-Q switching.
Ports connected to subscribers are VLAN unaware, members
of one VLAN, and set up with this unique Port VLAN ID. Ports
connected to the service provider are VLAN aware, members
of multiple VLANs, and set up to tag all frames. Untagged
frames received on a subscriber port are forwarded to the
provider port with a single VLAN tag. Tagged frames received
on a subscriber port are forwarded to the provider port with a
double VLAN tag.
VLAN ID
VLAN ID is a 12-bit field specifying the VLAN to which the
frame belongs.
Voice VLAN
Voice VLAN is VLAN configured specially for voice traffic. By
adding the ports with voice devices attached to voice VLAN,
QoS-related configuration for voice data can be performed,
ensuring the transmission priority of voice traffic and voice
quality.
W
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy. WEP is a deprecated algorithm to
secure IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Wireless networks
broadcast messages using radio, so are more susceptible to
eavesdropping than wired networks. When introduced, WEP
was intended to provide data confidentiality comparable to that
of a traditional wired network (Wikipedia).
Wi
-Fi Wireless Fidelity. It is meant to be used generically when
referring of any type of 802.11 network, whether 802.11b,
802.11a, dual-band, etc. The term is promulgated by the Wi-Fi
Alliance.
NS3562-8P-2S User Manual 243
WPA
Wi-Fi Protected Access. It was created in response to several
serious weaknesses researchers had found in the previous
system , Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). WPA implements
the majority of the IEEE 802.11i sta
ndard, and was intended as
an intermediate measure to take the place of WEP while
802.11i was prepared. WPA is specifically designed to also
work with pre-WPA wireless network interface cards (through
firmware upgrades), but not necessarily with first generation
wireless access points. WPA2 implements the full standard,
but will not work with some older network cards (Wikipedia).
WPA
-PSK Wi-Fi Protected Access - Pre Shared Key. WPA was designed
to enhance the security of wireless networks. There are two
types of WPA: enterprise and personal. Enterprise is meant for
use with an IEEE 802.1X authentication server, which
distributes different keys to each user. Personal WPA utilizes
a
less scalable 'pre-shared key' (PSK) mode, where every
allowed computer is given the same passphrase. In PSK
mode, security depends on the strength and secrecy of the
passphrase. The design of WPA is based on a Draft 3 of the
IEEE 802.11i standard.
WPA
-Radius Wi-Fi Protected Access - Radius (802.1X authentication
server). WPA wa
s designed to enhance the security of wireless
networks. There are two flavors of WPA: enterprise and
personal. Enterprise is meant for use with an IEEE 802.1X
authentication server, which distributes different keys to each
user. Personal WPA utilizes less scalable 'pre-shared key'
(PSK) mode, where every allowed computer is given the same
passphrase. In PSK mode, security depends on the strength
and secrecy of the passphrase. The design of WPA is based
on a Draft 3 of the IEEE 802.11i standard.
WPS
Wi-Fi Protected Setup. It is a standard for easy and secure
establishment of a wireless home network. The goal of the
WPS protocol is to simplify the process of connecting any
home device to the wireless network.
WRED
Weighted Random Early Detection. It is an active queue
management mechanism that provides preferential treatment
of higher priority frames when traffic builds up within a queue.
A frame's DP level is used as input to WRED. A higher DP
level assigned to a frame results in a higher probability that t
he
frame is dropped during times of congestion.
WTR
Wait To Restore. This is the time a fail on a resource has to be
'not active' before restoration back to this (previously failing)
resource.
