LINKSYS HGA7T-1 Wireless-G Broadband Router User Manual WRT54G user guide

LINKSYS LLC Wireless-G Broadband Router WRT54G user guide

user manual

Instant Wireless®SeriesWireless-G Broadband RouterUse this guide to install:WRT54GUser GuideWRT54G V2
FCC Caution: Any change or modification to the product not expressly approved byLinksys could void the user's authority to operate the device.FCC RF Radiation Exposure StatementTo comply with the FCC and ANSI C95.1 RF exposure limits, the antenna(s) for thisdevice must comply with the following:• Access points with 2.4 GHz integrated antenna must operate with a separation dis-tance of at least 20 cm from all persons using the cable provided and must not beco-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.End-users must be provided with specific operations for satisfying RF exposure compli-ance.Note: Dual antennas used for diversity operation are not considered co-located.Canadian Department of Communications Industry Canada (IC) NoticeThis Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003 and RSS-210.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 et CNR-210du Canada."To prevent radio interference to the licensed service, this device is intended to be oper-ated indoors and away from windows to provide maximum shielding. Equipment (or itstransmit antenna) that is installed outdoors is subject to licensing."" Pour empêcher que cet appareil cause du brouillage au service faisant l'objet d'unelicence, il doit être utilisé à l'intérieur et devrait être placé loin des fenêtres afin de fournirun écran de blindage maximal. Si le matériel (ou son antenne d'émission) est installé àl'extérieur, il doit faire l'objet d'une licence. "EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY (EUROPE)Linksys Group declares that the Instant Wireless® Series products included in the InstantWireless® Series conform to the specifications listed below, following the provisions ofthe European R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC, EMC directive 89/336/EEC, and Low Voltagedirective 73/23/EEC: For 11Mbps, 2.4 GHz access points with 100 mW radios, the following standards wereapplied: • EMC: EN 301 489-1, EN 301.89-17• Safety: EN 60950• Radio: ETS 300-328-2 Technical requirements for Radio equipment.Caution: This equipment is intended to be used in all EU and EFTA countries. Outdooruse may be restricted to certain frequencies and/or may require a license for operation.Contact local Authority for procedure to follow.Note: Combinations of power levels and antennas resulting in a radiated power level ofabove 100 mW equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) are considered as not com-pliant with the above mentioned directive and are not allowed for use within the Europeancommunity and countries that have adopted the European R&TTE directive 1999/5/ECand/or the CEPT recommendation Rec 70.03. For more details on legal combinations of power levels and antennas, contact LinksysCorporate Compliance.COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS Specifications are subject to change without notice. Copyright © 2002 Linksys, All RightsReserved. Instant Wireless, Linksys, and the Linksys logo are registered trademarks ofLinksys Group, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and the Windows logo are registered trade-marks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks and brand names are the proper-ty of their respective proprietors. LIMITED WARRANTY Linksys guarantees that every Instant Wireless Wireless-G Broadband Router will be freefrom physical defects in material and workmanship for three year from the date of pur-chase, when used within the limits set forth in the Specifications section of this UserGuide.If the product proves defective during this warranty period, go to the Linksys website atwww.linksys.comfor complete RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) assistance. Youcan also call Linksys Technical Support in order to obtain a RMA Number. BE SURE TOHAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE AND A BARCODE FROM THE PRODUCT’S PACK-AGING ON HAND WHEN CALLING. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSEDWITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE. When returning a product, mark the RMA Numberclearly on the outside of the package and include a copy of your original proof of pur-chase. All customers located outside of the United States of America and Canada shallbe held responsible for shipping and handling charges.IN NO EVENT SHALL LINKSYS'S LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PROD-UCT FROM DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM-AGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT, ITS ACCOMPANYING SOFT-WARE, OR ITS DOCUMENTATION. LINKSYS OFFERS NO REFUNDS FOR ITS PROD-UCTS. Linksys makes no warranty or representation, expressed, implied, or statutory,with respect to its products or the contents or use of this documentation and all accom-panying software, and specifically disclaims its quality, performance, merchantability, orfitness for any particular purpose. Linksys reserves the right to revise or update its prod-ucts, software, or documentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity.Please direct all inquiries to:Linksys P.O. Box 18558, Irvine, CA 92623. SAFETY AND REGULATORY NOTICESFCC STATEMENTThe Instant Wireless® Wireless-G Broadband Router has been tested and found to com-ply with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCCRules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that maycause undesired operation.These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interferencein a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio fre-quency energy and, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may causeharmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that inter-ference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmfulinterference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the equipment offand on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of thefollowing measures:• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna• Increase the separation between the equipment or devices• Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver's• Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
Instant Wireless®Series Wireless-G Broadband Router Table of ContentsChapter 1:Introduction 1The Wireless-G Broadband Router 1Features 2The Router’s Functions 2IPAddresses 3Router Setup Overview 4Chapter 2:Getting to Know the Wireless-GBroadband Router 6The Router’s Back Panel 6The Router’s Front Panel LEDs 7Chapter 3:Connect theRouter 10Overview 10Wired Connection to a PC 10Wireless Connection to a PC 12Chapter 4: Configure the PCs 13Overview 13Configuring Windows 98 and Millennium PCs 14Configuring Windows 2000 PCs 16Configuring Windows XP PCs 18Chapter 5:Configure the Router’s Basic Settings20Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility 25Overview 25How to Access the Web-based Utility 25Setup 26Security 35System 37DHCP 42Status 44Help 47Advanced Tabs 48Advanced Wireless 49Filters 53Port Forwarding 57Routing 60DDNS 63• Linksys Group vakuuttaa täten Instant Wireless® Wireless-G Broadband Routertyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY, direktiivin 89/336/EEC ja direktiivin73/23/EEC oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien näiden direktiivien muiden ehto-jen mukainen.• Linksys Group déclare que la Instant Wireless® Wireless-G Broadband Router estconforme aux conditions essentielles et aux dispositions relatives à la directive1999/5/EC, la directive 89/336/EEC, et à la directive 73/23/EEC.• Belgique B L'utilisation en extérieur est autorisé sur le canal 11 (2462 MHz), 12 (2467MHz), et 13 (2472 MHz). Dans le cas d'une utilisation privée, à l'extérieur d'un bâti-ment, au-dessus d'un espace public, aucun enregistrement n'est nécessaire pourune distance de moins de 300m. Pour une distance supérieure à 300m un enreg-istrement auprès de l'IBPT est requise. Pour une utilisation publique à l'extérieur debâtiments, une licence de l'IBPT est requise. Pour les enregistrements et licences,veuillez contacter l'IBPT.• France F: 2.4 GHz Bande : les canaux 10, 11, 12, 13 (2457, 2462, 2467, et 2472 MHz respec-tivement) sont complétement libres d'utilisation en France (en utilisation intérieur).Pour ce qui est des autres canaux, ils peuvent être soumis à autorisation selon ledépartment. L'utilisation en extérieur est soumis à autorisation préalable et trèsrestreint. Vous pouvez contacter l'Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications(http://www.art-telecom.fr) pour de plus amples renseignements.2.4 GHz Band: only channels 10, 11, 12, 13 (2457, 2462, 2467, and 2472 MHzrespectively) may be used freely in France for indoor use. License required for out-door installations.Please contact ART (http://www.art-telecom.fr) for procedure to follow.• Deutschland D: Anmeldung im Outdoor-Bereich notwending, aber nicht genehmi-gungspflichtig. Bitte mit Händler die Vorgehensweise abstimmen.• Germany D: License required for outdoor installations. Check with reseller for proce-dure to follow.• Italia I: E' necessaria la concessione ministeriale anche per l'uso interno. Verificarecon i rivenditori la procedura da seguire. L'uso per installazione in esterni non e' per-messa.• Italy I: License required for indoor use. Use with outdoor installations not allowed.• The Netherlands NL License required for outdoor installations. Check with reseller forprocedure to follow.• Nederlands NL Licentie verplicht voor gebruik met buitenantennes. Neem contact opmet verkoper voor juiste procedure.UG-WRT54G-122402A JL
Wireless-G Broadband Router Chapter 1:Introductions EtherFast®Cable/DSL RouterWireless-G is the upcoming 54Mbps wireless networking standard that’salmost five times faster than the widely deployed Wireless-B (802.11b) prod-ucts found in homes, businesses, and public wireless hotspots around the coun-try—but since they share the same 2.4GHz radio band, Wireless-G devices canalso interoperate with existing 11Mbps Wireless-B equipment. Since both standards are built in, you can protect your investment in existing802.11b infrastructure, and migrate to the new screaming fast Wireless-G stan-dard as your needs grow.The Linksys Wireless-G Broadband Router is really three devices in one box.First, there’s the Wireless Access Point, which lets you connect Wireless-G orWireless-B devices to the network. There’s also a built-in 4-port full-duplex10/100 Switch to connect your wired-Ethernet devices. Connect four PCsdirectly, or daisy-chain out to more hubs and switches to create as big a networkas you need. Finally, the Router function ties it all together and lets your wholenetwork share a high-speed cable or DSL Internet connection.To protect your data and privacy, the Wireless-G Broadband Router can encryptall wireless transmissions. The Router can serve as a DHCP Server, has NATtechnology to protect against Internet intruders, supports VPN pass-through,and can be configured to filter internal users’ access to the Internet.Configuration is a snap with the web browser-based configuration utility.With the Linksys Wireless-G Broadband Router at the center of your home oroffice network, you can share a high-speed Internet connection, files, printers,and multi-player games with the flexibility, speed, and security you need!1The Wireless-G Broadband RouterInstant Wireless®SeriesAppendix A: Troubleshooting 65Common Problems and Solutions 65Frequently Asked Questions 76Appendix B: How to Ping Your ISP’s E-mail &Web Addresses 84Appendix C: Configuring Wireless Security 87Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IPAddress for Your Ethernet Adapter 90Appendix E: Glossary 93Appendix F: Specifications 110Environmental 111Appendix G: Warranty Information 112Appendix H: Contact Information 113
Wireless-G Broadband Router 3What’s an IP Address?IP stands for Internet Protocol. Every device on an IP-based network, includingPCs, print servers, and routers, requires an IP address to identify its “location,” oraddress, on the network. This applies to both the Internet and LAN connections.There are two ways of assigning an IP address to your network devices. You canassign static IP addresses or use the Router to assign IP addresses dynamically.Static IP AddressesA static IP address is a fixed IP address that you assign manually to a PC orother device on the network. Since a static IP address remains valid until youdisable it, static IP addressing ensures that the device assigned it will alwayshave that same IP address until you change it. Static IP addresses must beunique and are commonly used with network devices such as server PCs orprint servers.If you use the Router to share your cable or DSL Internet connection, contactyour ISP to find out if they have assigned a static IP address to your account.If so, you will need that static IP address when configuring the Router. You canget that information from your ISP.IP AddressesNote: Since the Router is a device that connects two networks, itneeds two IP addresses—one for the LAN, and one for the Internet. Inthis User Guide, you’ll see references to the “Internet IP address” andthe “LAN IP address.”Since the Router uses NAT technology, the only IP address that can beseen from the Internet for your network is the Router’s Internet IPaddress.However, even this Internet IP address can be blocked, so that theRouter and network seem invisible to the Internet—see the BlockWAN Requests description under Filters in “Chapter 6: The Router’sWeb-based Utility.”Instant Wireless®Series2•Compatibility with Draft 802.11g (2.4GHz) and 802.11b (2.4GHz) Standards•Setup Wizard for Easy Installation•Wireless Security with up to 128-bit WEP Encryption•Enhanced Security Management Functions: Internet Access Policies withTime Schedules, Website Blocking, IP and MAC Address Filtering; PortFiltering; Wireless MAC Address Filtering; and NAT Technology•Access Your Corporate Network Remotely through Virtual PrivateNetworking (VPN)—Supports IPSec and PPTP Pass-Through•Supports Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) Service, Static andDynamic Routing (RIP1 and 2), DMZ Hosting•Web-based Utility for Easy Configuration from Any Web Browser•DHCP Server Capability to Assign IP Addresses Automatically•All Ethernet Ports Support Auto-Crossover (MDI/MDI-X)—No Need forCrossover Cables•Free Technical Support—24 Hours a Day, 7 Days a Week, Toll-Free US Calls•1-Year Limited WarrantySimply put, a router is a network device that connects two networks together. In this instance, the Router connects your Local Area Network (LAN), or thegroup of PCs in your home or office, to the Internet. The Router processes andregulates the data that travels between these two networks.The Router’s NAT feature protects your network of PCs so users on the public,Internet side cannot “see” your PCs. This is how your network remains private.The Router protects your network by inspecting every packet coming inthrough the Internet port before delivery to the appropriate PC on your net-work. The Router inspects Internet port services like the web server, ftp server,or other Internet applications, and, if allowed, it will forward the packet to theappropriate PC on the LAN side.Remember that the Router’s ports connect to two sides. The LAN ports connectto the LAN, and the Internet port connects to the Internet. The LAN andInternet ports transmit data at 10/100Mbps.The Router’s FunctionsFeatures
Wireless-G Broadband Router •Chapter 4: Configure the PCsThis chapter instructs you on how to configure your PCs to be DHCP clients,if you have previously set static IP addresses on your PCs. •Chapter 5: Configure the Router’s Basic SettingsThis chapter explains how to configure the Router using your web browserand the Router’s web-based utility. You will configure the Router for Internetaccess using the settings provided by your ISP.When you’re finished with these basic steps, you will be ready to connect to theInternet. You can also modify the Router’s settings further; for example, youcan adjust security features and other settings to enable online gaming (see“Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility”). 5Instant Wireless®Series4Figure 1-1Cable or DSL Modem RouterPC withEthernetAdapterNotebook withWireless-G AdapterNotebook withWireless 802.11b AdapterDynamic IP AddressesA dynamic IP address is automatically assigned to a device on the network,such as PCs and print servers. These IP addresses are called “dynamic”because they are only temporarily assigned to the PC or device. After a certaintime period, they expire and may change. If a PC logs onto the network (or theInternet) and its dynamic IP address has expired, the DHCP server will auto-matically assign it a new dynamic IP address.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ServersPCs and other network devices using dynamic IP addressing are assigned a newIP address by a DHCP server. The PC or network device obtaining an IPaddress is called the DHCP client. DHCP frees you from having to assign IPaddresses manually every time a new user is added to your network. A DHCP server can either be a designated PC on the network or another net-work device, such as the Router. By default, the Router’s DHCP Server func-tion is enabled.If you already have a DHCP server running on your network, you must disableone of the two DHCP servers. If you run more than one DHCP server on yournetwork, you will experience network errors, such as conflicting IP addresses.To disable DHCP on the Router, see the DHCP section in “Chapter 6: TheRouter’s Web-based Utility.” This User Guide covers the steps for setting up a network with the Router (seeFigure 1-1). After going through “Chapter 2: Getting to Know the Wireless-GBroadband Router,” most users will only need to use the following chapters: •Chapter 3: Connect the RouterThis chapter instructs you on how to connect a cable or DSL modem to theRouter and connect your PC(s) to the Router.Router Setup OverviewNote: You should always run the Setup CD-ROM to configure theRouter for Internet access. If you wish to manually configure theRouter, you may follow the instructions in the Quick Installation guideor this User Guide.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 7Instant Wireless®Series6The Router’s LEDs display information about the Router’s status.Power Green. This LED lights up when the Router is powered on.DMZ Green. The DMZ LED lights up when the DMZ hosting fea-ture is being used.Diag Red. The Diag LED lights up when the Router goes throughits self-diagnosis mode during every boot-up. It will turn offupon successful completion of the diagnosis. If this LED stays on for one minute or longer, see “AppendixA: Troubleshooting.”The Router’s Front Panel LEDsFigure 2-2The Reset ButtonThe Reset button can be used in one of two ways: 1. Reboot the Router while keeping all of its settings.If the Router is having problems connecting to the Internet, press the Resetbutton for just a moment with a paper clip or a pencil tip. This clears up anyjammed connections, and is similar to pressing the Reset button on your PCto reboot it.2. Restore the Router’s factory defaults and clear all of its settings, including anew password or wireless settings.If you are experiencing extreme problems with the Router and have tried allother troubleshooting measures, press the Reset Button and hold it down for10 seconds.Chapter 2:Getting to Know theWireless-GBroadband RouterThe Router’s ports are located on the Router’s back panel.Internet The Internet port is where you connect your cable orDSL modem through an Ethernet network cable.Your modem connection will not work from anyother port. Ports 1-4 These four LAN (Local Area Network) ports con-nect to network devices, such as PCs, print servers,and network attached storage (NAS). Each of theports will auto-detect whether a straight-through orcrossover cable is plugged into it, so there is no needfor an uplink port. Any one of the four ports canserve as an uplink port to other network devices.Power The Power port is where you will connect the poweradapter. The Router’s Back PanelFigure 2-1
Wireless-G Broadband Router The Internet IndicatorsLink/Act Green. The Link/Act LED lights up when a successful con-nection is made between the Router and your cable or DSLmodem (the Internet). The Link/Act LED flickers when theRouter is sending or receiving data over the Internet port.Full/Col Green. The Full/Col LED serves two purposes. If this LEDis lit up solidly, the connection made through the correspon-ding port is running in full duplex mode. If the LED flickers,the connection is experiencing collisions (when two PCssend data at the same time). Infrequent collisions are normal. 100 Orange. The 100 LED lights up when a successful 100Mbpsconnection is made through the corresponding port. If this LED does not light up, then your connection speed is10Mbps.Proceed to “Chapter 3: Connect the Router.”9Instant Wireless®Series8The WLAN IndicatorsAct Green. When the Act LED flickers, the wireless network isactive.Link Green. When the Link LED is continuously lit, the wirelessnetwork is available. The LAN IndicatorsLink/Act Green. The Link/Act LED serves two purposes. If the LEDis continuously lit, the Router is successfully connected to adevice through the corresponding port. If the LED is flicker-ing, the Router is actively sending or receiving data over thatport. Full/Col Green. The Full/Col LED also serves two purposes. If thisLED is lit up solidly, the connection made through the corre-sponding port is running in full duplex mode. If the LEDflickers, the connection is experiencing collisions (when twoPCs send data at the same time). Infrequent collisions arenormal. 100 Orange. The 100 LED lights up when a successful 100Mbpsconnection is made through the corresponding port. If this LED does not light up, then your connection speed is10Mbps.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 11Instant Wireless®Series103. Connect a different Ethernet networkcable from your cable or DSL modemto the Internet port on the Router’s rearpanel. This is the only port that willwork for your modem connection. 4. Power on the cable or DSL modem. 5. Connect the power adapter to theRouter’s Power port, and then plug thepower adapter into a power outlet. •The Power LED on the front panel will light up green as soon as the poweradapter is connected properly.•The Diag LED will light up red for a few seconds. It will turn off when theself-test is complete. If this LED stays on for one minute or longer, see“Appendix A: Troubleshooting.”6. Power on one of your PCs.Note: You should always plugthe Router’s power adapter intoa power strip with surge pro-tection.Figure 3-2Figure 3-3Have you checked that the Link/Act LEDs for all your LAN con-nections and the Link LED for your Internet connection light up? If all of your Link LEDs are not lighting up, make sure that all yourcables are securely plugged in, and that all of your hardware is pow-ered on properly. Verify that the modem is plugged into the Internetport on the Router.Chapter 3:Connect the Router The Router’s setup consists of more than simply plugging hardware together.You will have to configure your networked PCs to accept the IP addresses thatthe Router assigns them (if applicable), and you will also have to configure theRouter with setting(s) provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).The installation technician from your ISP should have left the setup informa-tion for your modem with you after installing your broadband connection. Ifnot, you can call your ISP to request that data. Once you have the setup information you need for your specific type of Internetconnection, you can begin installation and setup of the Router.If you want to use a PC with an Ethernet adapter to configure the Router, go to“Wired Connection to a PC.” If you want to use a PC with a wireless adapterto configure the Router, go to “Wireless Connection to a PC and Boot-Up.”1. Before you begin, make sure that all ofyour network’s hardware is poweredoff, including the Router, PCs, andcable or DSL modem.2. Connect one end of an Ethernet net-work cable to one of the LAN ports(labeled 1-4) on the back of theRouter, and the other end to anEthernet port on a PC. Repeat this step to connect more PCs, a switch, or other network devices tothe Router.OverviewWired Connection to a PCFigure 3-1
Wireless-G Broadband Router Chapter 4: Configure the PCsThe instructions in this chapter will help you configure each of your comput-ers to be able to communicate with the Router.To do this, you need to configure your PC’s network settings to obtain an IP (orTCP/IP) address automatically, so your PC can function as a DHCP client.Computers use IP addresses to communicate with the Router and each otheracross a network, such as the Internet. First, find out which Windows operating system your computer is running. Youcan find out by clicking the Start button. Read the side panel of the Start menuto find out which operating system your PC is running.You may need to do this for each computer you are connecting to the Router.The next few pages tell you, step by step, how to configure your network set-tings based on the type of Windows operating system you are using. Make surethat an Ethernet or wireless adapter (also known as a network adapter) has beensuccessfully installed in each PC you will configure. Once you’ve configuredyour computers, continue to “Chapter 5: Configure the Router’s BasicSettings.” 13Instant Wireless®Series12Important: By default Windows 98, 2000, Me, and XP hasTCP/IP installed and set to obtain an IP address automatically. If your PC does not have TCP/IP installed, click Start and thenHelp. Search for the keyword TCP/IP. Then follow the instruc-tions to install TCP/IP.OverviewIf you want to use a wireless connection to access the Router, follow theseinstructions:1. Before you begin, make sure that all ofyour network’s hardware is poweredoff, including the Router, PCs, andcable or DSL modem.2. Connect an Ethernet network cablefrom your cable or DSL modem to theInternet port on the Router’s rearpanel. This is the only port that willwork for your modem connection. 3. Power on the cable or DSL modem. 4. Connect the power adapter to the Power port, and then plug the poweradapter into a power outlet. •The Power LED on the front panel will light up green as soon as the poweradapter is connected properly.•The Diag LED will light up red for a few seconds and turn off when the self-test is complete. If this LED stays on for one minute or longer, see “AppendixA: Troubleshooting.”4. Power on one of the PCs on your wireless network(s).5. For initial access to the Router through a wireless connection, make sure thePC’s wireless adapter has its SSID set to linksys (the Router’s default set-ting), and its WEP encryption is disabled. After you have accessed theRouter, you can change the Router and this PC’s adapter settings to matchthe your usual network settings.The Router’s hardware installation is now complete.Go to “Chapter 4: Configure the PCs.”Wireless Connection to a PCNote:You should always plug the Router’s power adapter into a powerstrip with surge protection.Figure 3-4Note: You should always change the SSID from its default, linksys,and enable WEP encryption.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 3. Click the IP Address tab. Select Obtain an IP address automatically.4. Now click the Gateway tab, and verify that the Installed Gateway field isblank. Click the OK button.5. Click the OK button again. Windows may ask you for the original Windowsinstallation disk or additional files. Check for the files at c:\windows\options\cabs, or insert your Windows CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive and check the correct file location, e.g., D:\win98, D:\win9x,etc. (if “D” is the letter of your CD-ROM drive).6. Windows may ask you to restart your PC. Click the Yes button. If Windowsdoes not ask you to restart, restart your computer anyway.Go to “Chapter 5: Configure the Router’s Basic Settings.”15Instant Wireless®Series1. Click the Start button. Select Settings and click the Control Panel icon.Double-click the Network icon.2. On the Configuration tab, select the TCP/IP line for the applicableEthernet adapter. Do not choose a TCP/IP entry whose name mentionsDUN, PPPoE, VPN, or AOL. If the word TCP/IP appears by itself, selectthat line. Click the Properties button.14Figure 4-2Figure 4-1Configuring Windows 98 and Millennium PCs
Wireless-G Broadband Router 3. Make sure the box next to Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked. HighlightInternet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button.4. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. Once the new windowappears, click the OK button. Click the OK button again to complete thePC configuration.5. Restart your computer.Go to “Chapter 5: Configure the Router’s Basic Settings.”17Instant Wireless®Series1. Click the Start button. Select Settings and click the Control Panel icon.Double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon.2. Select the Local Area Connection icon for the applicable Ethernet adapter(usually it is the first Local Area Connection listed). Double-click theLocal Area Connection. Click the Properties button.16Figure 4-4Figure 4-5Configuring Windows 2000 PCsFigure 4-3
Wireless-G Broadband Router 3. Make sure the box next to Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked. HighlightInternet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button.4. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. Once the new windowappears, click the OK button. Click the OK button again to complete thePC configuration.Go to “Chapter 5: Configure the Router’s Basic Settings.”19Instant Wireless®SeriesThe following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with thedefault interface. If you are using the Classic interface (where the icons andmenus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the instructions forWindows 2000.1. Click the Start button and then the Control Panel icon. Click the Networkand Internet Connections icon. Then click the Network Connectionsicon.2. Select the Local Area Connection icon for the applicable Ethernet adapter(usually it is the first Local Area Connection listed). Double-click theLocal Area Connection. Click the Properties button. 18Figure 4-7Figure 4-8Configuring Windows XP PCsFigure 4-6
Wireless-G Broadband Router 21Instant Wireless®Series203. The web-based utility will appear with the Setup tab selected. Select thetime zone for your location. If your location experiences daylight savings,leave the checkmark in the box next to Automatically adjust clock for day-light saving changes. 4. Based on the setup instructions from your ISP, you may need to provide theHost Name and Domain Name (usually cable ISPs require them). Thesefields allow you to provide a host name and domain name for the Routerand are usually left blank.The values for the Router’s LAN IP Address and Subnet Mask are shownon the Setup screen. The default values are 192.168.1.1 for the IP Addressand 255.255.255.0 for the Subnet Mask.5. The Router supports four connection types: Automatic Configuration -DHCP (obtain an IP automatically), Static IP, PPPoE, and PPTP. Thesetypes are listed in the drop-down menu for the Configuration Type setting.Each Setup screen and available features will differ depending on what kindof connection type you select. Proceed to the instructions for the connec-tion type you are using, and then continue to step 6.IMPORTANT: If you have previously enabled any Internet-sharingproxy server software on any of your PCs, you must disable it now. Some examples of Internet-sharing software are Internet LanBridge,Wingate, ICS, and Sygate. To disable your Internet-sharing software: • If you are running Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences,Advanced, and Proxies. Click Direct Connection to the Internet.• If you are running Internet Explorer 5.x or higher, click Tools,Settings, Control Panel, Internet Options, Connections, andLAN Settings. Remove checkmarks from all three boxes. Click theOK button to continue.You must also disable any Internet log-on software (such as IvasionWinpoet or Enternet 300) and any firewall software (such asZoneAlarm and Watchdog) on all of your PCs. Chapter 5:Configure theRouter’s Basic Settings This chapter will show you how to configure the Router to function in yournetwork and gain access to the Internet through your Internet Service Provider(ISP). Detailed description of the Router’s web-based utility can be found in“Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility.” The instructions from your ISP tell you how to set up your PC for Internetaccess. Because you are now using the Router to share Internet access amongseveral computers, you will use the setup information to configure the Routerinstead of your PC. You only need to configure the Router once using the firstcomputer you set up.1. Open your web browser. Enter http://192.168.1.1 (the Router’s default IPaddress) in the web browser’s Address field. Press the Enter key.2. An Enter Network Password window, shown in Figure 5-2, will appear.(Windows XP users will see a similar screen.) Leave the User Name fieldempty, and enter admin in lowercase letters in the Password field (admin isthe default password). Then, click the OK button. Figure 5-1Note: For added security, you should change the password throughthe Security screen of the web-based utility.Figure 5-2
Wireless-G Broadband Router 23Instant Wireless®SeriesAutomatic Configuration - DHCPIf you are connecting through DHCPor a dynamic IP address from yourISP, perform these steps:A. Keep the default setting,Automatic Configuration -DHCP, as the ConfigurationType.B. Click the Apply button to save thesetting, or click the Cancel button toclear the setting and start over.When you are finished, proceed tostep 6. Static (or Fixed) IP AddressIf you are connecting through astatic or fixed IP address fromyour ISP, perform these steps:A. Select Static IP as theConfiguration Type.B. Enter the Internet IPAddress.C. Enter the Subnet Mask.D. Enter the Default Gateway.E. Enter the DNS in the 1, 2,and/or 3 fields. You need toenter at least one DNSaddress.F. Click the Apply button to save the settings, or click the Cancel button to clearthe settings and start over. When you are finished, proceed to step 6. 22PPPoEIf your DSL provider says thatyou are connecting throughPPPoE (you use a user name andpassword to access the Internet),perform these steps:A. Select PPPoE as theConfiguration Type.B. Enter the User Name.C. Enter the Password.D. Click the Apply button to savethe settings, or click the Cancelbutton to clear the settings andstart over. When you are fin-ished, proceed to step 6.PPTPPPTP is a service used in Europeonly. If you are using a PPTP con-nection, check with your ISP forthe necessary setup information.After you have entered your setupinformation, click the Apply buttonto save the settings, or click theCancel button to clear the settingsand start over. When you are fin-ished, proceed to step 6.Figure 5-5Figure 5-6Important: If you enable PPPoE, remember to remove any PPPoEapplications already installed on any of your PCs. Figure 5-3Figure 5-4
Wireless-G Broadband Router Chapter 6:The Router’s Web-based UtilityUse the Router’s web-based utility to administer it. This chapter will describeeach web page in the Utility and each page’s key functions. The utility can beaccessed via your web browser through use of a computer connected to theRouter.The Setup, Security, System, DHCP, Status, and Help screens are available forbasic setup. For advanced setup, click the Advanced tab to access thesescreens: Advanced Wireless, Filters, Port Forwarding, Routing, and DDNS.To access the web-based utility, launch Internet Explorer or NetscapeNavigator, and enter the Router’s default IP address, 192.168.1.1, in theAddress field. Then press Enter. A password request page, shown in Figure 6-2 will pop up. (Windows XP userswill see a similar screen.) Leave the User Name field blank, and enter admin(the default password) in the Password field. Then click the OK button.25Instant Wireless®Series6. To configure the Router for your wireless network(s), perform these steps:A. If you have Wireless-G and 802.11b devices in your network, then keep thedefault Mode setting, Mixed. If you have only Wireless-G devices, selectG-Only. If you want to disable wireless networking, select Disable. B. Customize the SSID and Channel settings as needed. For added security,you should change the default SSID (linksys) to a unique name. Then clickthe Apply button to save your changes. For more information, refer to“Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility.”C. To enable WEP encryption (recommended), click the Enable radio buttonnext to WEP. Then click the Edit WEP Settings button, and customize theWEP encryption settings as needed. Click the Apply button to save yoursettings. For more information, refer to “Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility.”7. If you haven’t already done so, click the Apply button to save your Setupsettings. Close the web browser.8. Restart your computers so that they can obtain the Router’s new settings.Test the setup by opening your web browser from any computer and enter-ing http://www.linksys.com/registration.If you need more details or advanced setting information, please refer to“Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility” or the Linksys support web-site at support.linksys.com.Congratulations! You’ve successfully configured the Router. If you are unable to reach our website, you may want to review what youdid in this section or refer to “Appendix A: Troubleshooting.”Proceed to “Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility” for more detailsand advanced settings information.24OverviewHow to Access the Web-based UtilityFigure 6-1Figure 5-7Figure 6-2
Wireless-G Broadband Router Automatic Configuration - DHCPBy default, the Router’s Configuration Type is set to AutomaticConfiguration - DHCP, and it should be kept only if your ISP supportsDHCP or you are connecting through a dynamic IP address.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more infor-mation about the features, click the Help button.27Instant Wireless®Series26Figure 6-3To save your changes on any page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on any page, click the Cancel button. To get additional infor-mation about any screen’s features, click the Help button.The Setup screen is the first screen you see when you access the web-basedutility. If you have already installed and set up the Router, you have alreadyseen this screen and properly configured all of the screen’s values. Firmware Version This shows the version and date of the firmware you areusing. Future versions of the Router’s firmware will be posted and available fordownload on the Linksys website at www.linksys.com.Time Zone Select the time zone for your location. If your location experiencesdaylight savings, leave the checkmark in the box next to Automatically adjustclock for daylight saving changes.InternetMAC Address The MAC Address of the Internet interface is displayed here. Host Name and Domain Name These fields allow you to supply a host anddomain name for the Router. Some ISPs, usually cable ISPs, require thesenames as identification. You may have to check with your ISP to see if yourbroadband Internet service has been configured with a host and domain name.In most cases, leaving these fields blank will work. Configuration Type The Router supports four connection types: AutomaticConfiguration - DHCP, Static IP, PPPoE, and PPTP. Each Setup screen andavailable features will differ depending on what kind of connection type youselect.SetupNote: You can verify that the Internet configuration settings are cor-rect by successfully connecting to the Internet.Note: For added security, you should always change the passwordthrough the Security screen of the web-based utility.
Wireless-G Broadband Router Default Gateway Your ISP will provide you with the Default GatewayAddress, which is the ISP server’s IP address.DNS 1 (Required) and DNS 2-3 (Optional) Your ISP will provide you withat least one DNS (Domain Name System) Server IP Address.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more infor-mation about the features, click the Help button.PPPoESome DSL-based ISPs use PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet)to establish Internet connections. If you are connected to the Internetthrough a DSL line, check with your ISP to see if they use PPPoE. If theydo, you will have to enable PPPoE.29Instant Wireless®Series28Static IPIf you are required to use a permanent IP address to connect to the Internet,then select Static IP.Internet IP Address This is the Router’s IP address, when seen from theWAN, or the Internet. Your ISP will provide you with the IP Address youneed to specify here. Subnet Mask This is the Router’s Subnet Mask, as seen by external userson the Internet (including your ISP). Your ISP will provide you with theSubnet Mask.Figure 6-4Figure 6-5
Wireless-G Broadband Router 31Instant Wireless®Series30Connect on Demand: Max Idle Time You can configure the Router to cutthe Internet connection after it has been inactive for a specified period oftime (Max Idle Time). If your Internet connection has been terminated dueto inactivity, Connect on Demand enables the Router to automatically re-establish your connection as soon as you attempt to access the Internetagain. If you wish to activate Connect on Demand, click the radio button. Inthe Max Idle Time field, enter the number of minutes you want to haveelapsed before your Internet connection terminates.Figure 6-6Important: For ADSL users, if you enable PPPoE, remember toremove any PPPoE applications that are already installed on any ofyour PCs. User Name and Password Enter the User Name and Password providedby your ISP.Connect on Demand: Max Idle Time You can configure the Router to cutthe Internet connection after it has been inactive for a specified period oftime (Max Idle Time). If your Internet connection has been terminated dueto inactivity, Connect on Demand enables the Router to automatically re-establish your connection as soon as you attempt to access the Internetagain. If you wish to activate Connect on Demand, click the radio button. Inthe Max Idle Time field, enter the number of minutes you want to haveelapsed before your Internet connection terminates.Keep Alive Option: Redial Period If you select this option, the Router willperiodically check your Internet connection. If you are disconnected, thenthe Router will automatically re-establish your connection. To use thisoption, click the radio button next to Keep Alive. In the Redial Period field,you specify how often you want the Router to check the Internet connection.The default Redial Period is 30 seconds.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more infor-mation about the features, click the Help button.PPTPPoint to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a service that applies to con-nections in Europe only (see Figure 6-8).Internet IP Address This is the Router’s IP address, when seen from theInternet. Your ISP will provide you with the IP Address you need to speci-fy here. Subnet Mask This is the Router’s Subnet Mask, as seen by external userson the Internet (including your ISP). Your ISP will provide you with theSubnet Mask.Default Gateway Your ISP will provide you with the Default GatewayAddress.User Name and Password Enter the User Name and Password providedby your ISP.
Wireless-G Broadband Router Channel Select the appropriate channel from the list provided to correspondwith your network settings, between 1 and 11 (in North America). All devicesin your wireless network must use the same channel in order to function cor-rectly.WEP An acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy, WEP is an encryptionmethod used to protect your wireless data communications. WEP uses 64-bit or128-bit keys to provide access control to your network and encryption securityfor every data transmission. To decode data transmissions, all devices-Wireless-G and 802.11b-in a network must use an identical WEP key. Higherencryption levels offer higher levels of security, but due to the complexity ofthe encryption, they may decrease network performance.To enable WEP encryption, click the Enable radio button. Then click the EditWEP Settings button to configure the WEP settings. To disable WEP encryp-tion, keep the default setting, Disable.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more informationabout the features, click the Help button.2.4GHz, 54g, Wireless-G (WEP)The 2.4GHz, 54g, Wireless-G (WEP) screen allows you to configure yourWEP settings. WEP encryption should always be enabled to increase thesecurity of your wireless network.33Instant Wireless®Series32Keep Alive Option: Redial Period If you select this option, the Router willperiodically check your Internet connection. If you are disconnected, thenthe Router will automatically re-establish your connection. To use thisoption, click the radio button next to Keep Alive. To use this option, clickthe radio button next to Keep Alive. In the Redial Period field, you specifyhow often you want the Router to check the Internet connection. The defaultRedial Period is 30 seconds.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more infor-mation about the features, click the Help button.LAN MAC Address The MAC Address of the LAN interface is displayed here. IP Address and LAN Subnet Mask The values for the Router’s IP Addressand Subnet Mask are shown here. The default values are 192.168.1.1 for the IPAddress and 255.255.255.0 for the Subnet Mask.Wireless 2.4GHz, 54g, Wireless-GMAC Address The MAC Address of the wireless interface is displayed here.Mode If you have Wireless-G and 802.11b devices in your network, then keepthe default setting, Mixed. If you have only Wireless-G devices, select G-Only.If you want to disable wireless networking, select Disable.SSID The SSID is the network name shared among all devices in a wirelessnetwork. The SSID must be identical for all devices in the wireless network. Itis case-sensitive and must not exceed 32 alphanumeric characters, which maybe any keyboard character. Make sure this setting is the same for all devices inyour wireless network. For added security, Linksys recommends that youchange the default SSID (linksys) to a unique name of your choice.SSID Broadcast When wireless clients survey the local area for wireless net-works to associate with, they will detect the SSID broadcast by the Router. Tobroadcast the Router's SSID, keep the default setting, Enable. If you do notwant to broadcast the Router's SSID, then select Disable.Figure 6-7
Wireless-G Broadband Router 35The Security screen allows you to change the Router’s security settings. Youshould change the factory default password, which is admin, to your own assoon as possible. All users who try to access the Router’s web-based utility orSetup Wizard will be prompted for the Router’s password.Router Password The new Password must not exceed 32 characters in lengthand must not include any spaces. Enter the new Password in the second field toconfirm it.VPN Pass-Through Virtual Private Networking (VPN) is typically used forwork-related networking. For VPN tunnels, the Router supports IPSec Pass-Through and PPTP Pass-Through. IPSec - Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a suite of protocols used toimplement secure exchange of packets at the IP layer. To allow IPSec tun-nels to pass through the Router, IPSec Pass-Through is enabled by default.To disable IPSec Pass-Through, uncheck the box next to IPSec.SecurityFigure 6-8Instant Wireless®SeriesDefault Transmit Key Select which WEP key (1-4) will be used when theRouter sends data. Make sure the receiving device is using the same key.WEP Encryption Select the level of WEP encryption you wish to use, 64-bit 10 hex digits or 128-bit 26 hex digits. Higher encryption levels offerhigher levels of security, but due to the complexity of the encryption, theymay decrease network performance.Passphrase Instead of manually entering WEP keys, you can enter aPassphrase. This Passphrase is used to generate one or more WEP keys. Itis case-sensitive and should not be longer than 16 alphanumeric characters.(This Passphrase function is compatible with Linksys wireless productsonly. If you want to communicate with non-Linksys wireless products, enterthe WEP key manually on the non-Linksys wireless products.) After youenter the Passphrase, click the Generate button to create WEP keys. Keys 1-4 WEP keys enable you to create an encryption scheme for wirelessLAN transmissions. If you are not using a Passphrase, then manually entera set of values. (Do not leave a key field blank, and do not enter all zeroes.These are not valid key values.) If you are using 64-bit WEP encryption, then the key must be exactly 10hexadecimal characters in length. If you are using 128-bit WEP encryption,then the key must be exactly 26 hexadecimal characters in length. Validhexadecimal characters are “0”-“9” and “A”-“F”.Check all the values, and click the Apply button to save your WEP settings.To cancel any changes you’ve entered on this page, click the Cancel button.To get more information about the features, click the Help button.34Note: All Wireless-G and 802.11b devices in your network must usethe same Passphrase or WEP key.
Wireless-G Broadband Router Block WAN Request By enabling the Block WAN Request feature, you canprevent your network from being “pinged,” or detected, by other Internet users.The Block WAN Request feature also reinforces your network security by hid-ing your network ports. Both functions of the Block WAN Request featuremake it more difficult for outside users to work their way into your network.This feature is enabled by default. Select Disable to disable this feature.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more informationabout the features, click the Help button.The System screen lets you control a variety of the Router’s general features,from restoring factory defaults to enabling its remote management capability.Restore Factory Defaults Click the Yes button to reset all configuration set-tings to their default values, and then click the Apply button. Any settings youhave saved will be lost when the default settings are restored. This feature isdisabled by default.37Instant Wireless®Series36PPTP - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol is the method used to enable VPNsessions to a Windows NT 4.0 or 2000 server. To allow PPTP tunnels to passthrough the Router, PPTP Pass-Through is enabled by default. To disablePPTP Pass-Through, uncheck the box next to PPTP.Web Filters Using the Web Filters feature, you may enable up to four specif-ic filtering methods.Block Proxy - Use of WAN proxy servers may compromise the Router'ssecurity. Denying Proxy will disable access to any WAN proxy servers. Toenable proxy filtering, click the Block Proxy box. Block Java - Java is a programming language for websites. If you deny Java,you run the risk of not having access to Internet sites created using this pro-gramming language. To enable Java filtering, click the Block Java box. Block ActiveX - ActiveX is a programming language for websites. If youdeny ActiveX, you run the risk of not having access to Internet sites creat-ed using this programming language. To enable ActiveX filtering, click theBlock ActiveX box. Block Cookies - A cookie is data stored on your PC and used by Internetsites when you interact with them. To enable cookie filtering, click theBlock Cookies box.DMZ The DMZ hosting feature allows one local user to be exposed to theInternet for use of a special-purpose service such as Internet gaming or video-conferencing. DMZ hosting forwards all the ports at the same time to one PC.The Port Forwarding feature is more secure because it only opens the ports youwant to have opened, while DMZ hosting opens all the ports of one computer,exposing the computer so the Internet can see it. Any PC whose port is being forwarded must have its DHCP client function dis-abled and should have a new static IP address assigned to it because its IPaddress may change when using the DHCP function.1. To expose one PC, select Enable.2. Enter the computer's IP address in the DMZ Host IP Address field.3. Click the Apply button. Figure 6-9System
Wireless-G Broadband Router Multicast Pass-Through IP Multicasting occurs when a single data transmis-sion is sent to multiple recipients at the same time. Using the Multicast Pass-Through feature, the Router allows IP multicast packets to be forwarded to theappropriate computers. Keep the default setting, Enable, to support the feature,or select Disable to disable it.MAC Cloning You can clone the MAC address of your PC’s network adapteronto the Router. A MAC address is a 12-digit code assigned to a unique piece of hardware foridentification. Some ISPs require that you register the MAC address of yourPC’s network adapter, which was connected to your cable or DSL modem dur-ing installation. To avoid calling your ISP and changing the MAC address thatis registered with the ISP, follow these instructions:1. Select Enable.2. Enter your adapter’s MAC address in the MAC Address field.3. To save your new settings, click the Apply button. To cancel your changes,click the Cancel button. To get more information about the features, clickthe Help button.To disable MAC address cloning, keep the default setting, Disable.If you do not know your adapter’s MAC address, follow these instructions:1. Click the Start button, and select Run.2. Enter command in the field provided, and press the OK button.3. At the command prompt, enter ipconfig /all. Then press the Enter key.4. Write down your adapter’s physical address; this is the adapter’s MACaddress.Remote Management This feature allows you to manage your Router from aremote location, via the Internet. To disable this feature, keep the default set-ting, Disable. To enable this feature, select Enable, and use the specified port(default is 8080) on your PC to remotely manage the Router. You must alsochange the Router's default password to one of your own, if you haven’talready. A unique password will increase security.39Instant Wireless®SeriesUpgrade Firmware New firmware versions are posted at www.linksys.comand can be downloaded for free. If the Router already works well, there’s noneed to download a newer firmware version, unless that version has a new fea-ture that you want to use. (To learn about any new firmware with new features,visit www.linksys.com.)To upgrade the Router’s firmware:1. Download the firmware upgrade file from www.linksys.com, and extractthe file using a file archive utility such as WinZip.2. Click the Upgrade button.3. On the Upgrade Firmware screen (see Figure 6-10), click the Browse but-ton to find the firmware upgrade file you extracted. 4. Double-click the firmware upgrade file you extracted. 5. Click the Upgrade button, and follow the on-screen instructions.38Figure 6-10Important: When you are upgrading the firmware, do NOT turn offthe Router, and do NOT press the Reset button.Note: By upgrading the Router’s firmware, you may lose the Router’sconfiguration settings, so make sure you write down the Router’s set-tings before you upgrade its firmware.
Wireless-G Broadband Router The Outgoing Access Log gives you a log of all outgoing Internet traffic. Foreach activity, it displays the LAN IP address, the Destination URL or IPaddress of the Internet site accessed, as well as the Service/Port Number used(see Figure 6-12). Click the Refresh button to update the logs. Click the Closebutton to return to the System screen.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more informationabout the features, click the Help button.41Instant Wireless®SeriesTo remotely manage the Router, enter http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080 (the x’srepresent the Router's Internet IP address, and 8080 represents the specifiedport) in your web browser’s Address field. You will be asked for the Router’spassword. After successfully entering the password, you will be able to accessthe Router’s web-based utility.MTU MTU is the Maximum Transmission Unit. It specifies the largest pack-et size permitted for Internet transmission. Keep the default setting, Auto, tohave the Router select the best MTU for your Internet connection. To specify aMTU size, select Manual, and enter the value desired (default is 1400). Youshould leave this value in the 1200 to 1500 range.Log The Router can keep logs of all traffic for your Internet connection. Todisable the Log function, keep the default setting, Disable. To monitor trafficbetween the network and the Internet, select Enable. Temporary logs can be accessed by clicking either the Incoming Access Logor Outgoing Access Log button.The Incoming Access Log gives you a log of all the incoming Internet traffic,displaying the Source IP address and Destination Port Number of the Routerfor each activity (see Figure 6-11). Click the Refresh button to update the logs.Click the Close button to return to the System screen.40Note: If the Remote Management feature is enabled, anyone whoknows the Router’s Internet IP address and password will be able toalter the Router’s settings.Figure 6-11Figure 6-12
Wireless-G Broadband Router 43Instant Wireless®Series42Number of DHCP Users (Optional) Enter the maximum number of PCs thatyou want the DHCP server to assign IP addresses to. This number cannot begreater than 253. The default is 50.Client Lease Time The Client Lease Time is the amount of time a networkuser will be allowed connection to the Router with their current dynamic IPaddress. Enter the amount of time, in minutes, that the user will be “leased” thisdynamic IP address. After the time is up, the user will be automaticallyassigned a new dynamic IP address. The default is 0minutes, which means oneday.Static DNS 1-3 The Domain Name System (DNS) is how the Internet trans-lates domain or website names into Internet addresses or URLs. Your ISP willprovide you with at least one DNS Server IP Address. If you wish to use anoth-er, type that IP Address in one of these fields. You can type up to three DNSServer IP Addresses here. The Router will use these for quicker access to func-tioning DNS servers.WINS The Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) manages each PC’sinteraction with the Internet. If you use a WINS server, enter that server’s IPAddress here. Otherwise, leave this blank.Currently Assigned: DHCP Clients Table Click the DHCP Clients Tablebutton to view the list of PCs that are given IP addresses by the Router (seeFigure 6-14). For each PC, the list shows the Client Hostname, IP Address,MAC Address, and and the amount of DHCP client lease time left. Click theRefresh button to display the most current information. To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more informationabout the features, click the Help button.Figure 6-14The DHCP screen allows you to configure the settings for the Router’s DynamicHost Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server function. The Router can be used asa DHCP server for your network. A DHCP server automatically assigns an IPaddress to each computer on your network. If you choose to enable the Router’s DHCP server option, you must configure allof your network PCs to connect to a DHCP server (the Router), and make surethere is no other DHCP server on your network. DHCP Server DHCP is enabled by factory default. If you already have aDHCP server on your network, or you don’t want a DHCP server, then click theDisable radio button (no other DHCP features will be available).Starting IP Address Enter a value for the DHCP server to start with whenissuing IP addresses. Because the Router’s default IP address is 192.168.1.1,the Starting IP Address must be 192.168.1.2 or greater, but smaller than192.168.1.253. The default Starting IP Address is 192.168.1.100.DHCPFigure 6-13
Wireless-G Broadband Router 45Instant Wireless®Series44Firmware Version The version number of the firmware currently installed isdisplayed here.Current Time The current date and time are displayed here.Host Name The Host Name is the name of the Router. This entry is necessaryfor some ISPs.Domain Name The Domain Name is the name of the Router's domain. Thisentry is necessary for some ISPs.LANMAC Address The MAC Address of the LAN interface is displayed here.IP Address and Subnet Mask The current IP Address and Subnet Mask ofthe Router, as seen by users on your local area network (LAN), are displayedhere. DHCP Server The status of the Router's DHCP server function is displayedhere.Wireless 2.4GHz, 54g, Wireless-GMAC Address The MAC Address of the wireless interface is displayed here.Mode The Mode of the wireless network is displayed here. SSID The SSID of the wireless network is displayed here.Channel The Channel of the wireless network is displayed here.Encryption Function The status of the WEP encryption is displayed here.InternetMAC Address The MAC Address of the Internet interface is displayed here.Configuration Type The type of Internet connection is displayed here.The Status screen displays the Router’s current status and configuration. Allinformation is read-only.StatusFigure 6-15Note: The information provided and buttons available may varydepending on the Router’s settings.
Wireless-G Broadband Router The Help screen offers links to all of the Router’s technical support resourcesand the application that upgrades the Router’s firmware. For additional infor-mation about each screen of the web-based utility, click the appropriate link onthe lefthand side of the Help screen.Linksys Website Clicking this link will take you to Linksys’s website,www.linksys.com, provided you are connected to the Internet. Online User Guide in PDF Format and Adobe Website Clicking the OnlineUser Guide in PDF format link opens the Router’s User Guide. The UserGuide is in Adobe Acrobat Portable Document File (.pdf) format, so you needthe Adobe Acrobat Reader to view it. If you do not have the Acrobat Reader,click the Adobe website link to download it.47Instant Wireless®SeriesIP Address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway The Router’s IP Address,Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway Address, as seen by external users on theInternet, are displayed here.DNS The DNS (Domain Name System) IP Addresses currently used by theRouter are shown here. Multiple DNS IP settings are common. In most cases,the first available DNS entry is used.DHCP Release Click the DHCP Release button to delete the Router’s currentInternet IP address. DHCP Renew Click the DHCP Renew button to get a new Internet IPaddress for the Router. To update the Router’s status information, click the Refresh button. To getmore information about the features, click the Help button.46HelpFigure 6-16
Wireless-G Broadband Router The Advanced Wireless screen allows you to customize data transmission set-tings. In most cases, the advanced wireless settings on this screen shouldremain at their default values.Authentication Type The default is set to Auto, which allows either OpenSystem or Shared Key authentication to be used. For Open System authentica-tion, the sender and the recipient do NOT use a WEP key for authentication.For Shared Key authentication, the sender and recipient use a WEP key forauthentication. If you want to use only Shared Key authentication, then selectShared Key. 49Instant Wireless®SeriesThe following instructions are for advanced users or users whose setup needsrequire special configuration. When you click the Advanced tab, you will beable to set up these features. There are five additional tabs available. Advanced Wireless - Allows you to customize data transmission settings foryour wireless network.Filters - Enables you to set up filters that block or allow specific kinds ofInternet usage.Port Forwarding - Lets you set up public services on your network, such as anftp server, mail server, or web server.Routing - Enables you to configure the routing mode and settings of theRouter.DDNS - Allows you to enable the Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS)feature, so a fixed domain name can be assigned to a dynamic Internet IPaddress.If you need to access the basic configuration tabs, click the Setup tab. 48Advanced WirelessFigure 6-17Advanced Tabs
Wireless-G Broadband Router 51Instant Wireless®SeriesTransmission Rate The default setting is Auto. The range is from 1 to54Mbps. The rate of data transmission should be set depending on the speed ofyour wireless network. You can select from a range of transmission speeds, orkeep the default setting, Auto, to have the Router automatically use the fastestpossible data rate and enable the Auto-Fallback feature. Auto-Fallback willnegotiate the best possible connection speed between the Router and a wirelessclient.Beacon Interval The default value is 100. Enter a value between 1 and 65,535milliseconds. The Beacon Interval value indicates the frequency interval of thebeacon. A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Router to synchronize the wire-less network.RTS Threshold This value should remain at its default setting of 2347. Therange is 0-2347 bytes. Should you encounter inconsistent data flow, only minormodifications are recommended. If a network packet is smaller than the presetRTS threshold size, the RTS/CTS mechanism will not be enabled. The Routersends Request to Send (RTS) frames to a particular receiving station and nego-tiates the sending of a data frame. After receiving an RTS, the wireless stationresponds with a Clear to Send (CTS) frame to acknowledge the right to begintransmission.Fragmentation Threshold This value should remain at its default setting of2346. The range is 256-2346 bytes. It specifies the maximum size for a packetbefore data is fragmented into multiple packets. If you experience a high pack-et error rate, you may slightly increase the Fragmentation Threshold. Settingthe Fragmentation Threshold too low may result in poor network performance.Only minor modifications of this value are recommended.DTIM Interval The default value is 3. This value, between 1 and 255 mil-liseconds, indicates the interval of the Delivery Traffic Indication Message(DTIM). A DTIM field is a countdown field informing clients of the next win-dow for listening to broadcast and multicast messages. When the Router hasbuffered broadcast or multicast messages for associated clients, it sends thenext DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. Its clients hear the beacons and awak-en to receive the broadcast and multicast messages.Wireless MAC Filters The Wireless MAC Filters feature allows you to con-trol which wireless-equipped PCs may or may not communicate with theRouter-depending on their MAC addresses. To disable the Wireless MACFilters feature, keep the default setting, Disable. To set up a filter, click Enable,and follow these instructions: 501. If you want to block specific wireless-equipped PCs from communicatingwith the Router, then keep the default setting, Prevent PCs listed fromaccessing the wireless network. If you want to allow specific wireless-equipped PCs to communicate with the Router, then click the radio buttonnext to Permit only PCs listed to access the wireless network. 2. Click the Edit MAC Filter List button. Enter the appropriate MACaddresses into the MAC fields (see Figure 6-18).3. Click the Apply but-ton to save yourchanges. Click theCancel button tocancel your unsavedchanges. Click theClose button toreturn to theAdvanced Wirelessscreen without sav-ing changes.4. On the MAC AddressFilter List screen,click the WirelessClient MAC Listbutton to view a listof the wireless-equipped PCs (seeFigure 6-19). Note: For each MAC field, the MAC address should be entered in thisformat: xxxxxxxxxxxx (the x's represent the actual characters of theMAC address).Figure 6-18
Wireless-G Broadband Router The Filters screen allows you to block or allow specific kinds of Internet usage.You can set up Internet access policies for specific PCs and set up filters byusing network port numbers.53Instant Wireless®Series52FiltersFigure 6-20For each PC, the list shows—in real time—the Client Host Name, IPAddress, MAC Address, and Enable MAC Filter option. To enable theMAC address filter for a specific PC, click its Enable MAC Filter box. Todisable the MAC address filter for a specific PC, uncheck its Enable MACFilter box. 5. Click the Refresh button to display the most current information. Click theUpdate Filter List button to update the MAC Address Filter List andreturn to the MAC Address Filter List screen. Click the Close button toreturn to the MAC Address Filter List screen without saving any changes.6. On the MAC Address Filter List screen, click theApply button to save yourchanges to the MAC Address Filter List. Click the Cancel button to cancelyour unsaved changes. Click the Close button to return to the AdvancedWireless screen without saving your changes to the MAC Address FilterList.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more informationabout the features, click the Help button.Figure 6-19
Wireless-G Broadband Router 5. Click the Apply button to save your changes. Click the Cancel button tocancel your unsaved changes. Click the Close button to return to the Filtersscreen.6. If you want to block the listed PCs from Internet access during the desig-nated days and time, then keep the default setting, Disable Internet Accessfor Listed PCs. If you want to allow the listed PCs to have Internet accessduring the designated days and time, then click the radio button next toEnable Internet Access for Listed PCs. 7. If you want to block websites with specific URL addresses, enter each URLaddress in a Website Blocking by URL Address field. You can enter up tofour URL addresses.8. If you want to block websites that use specific keywords as part of theirURL addresses, enter each keyword in a Website Blocking by Keywordfield. You can enter up to six keywords.9. Set the days when access will be filtered. Select Everyday or the appropri-ate days of the week.10. Set the time when access will be filtered. Select 24 Hours, or check the boxnext to From and use the drop-down boxes to designate a specific timeperiod. 11. Click the Save Policy button to save your changes and activate the Policy.Click the Cancel button to cancel your unsaved changes.12. To create or edit additional policies, repeat steps 1-11.Delete To delete an Internet Access Policy, select the policy’s number, andclick the Delete button. 55Instant Wireless®SeriesInternet Schedule Profile This feature allows you to customize up to ten dif-ferent Internet Access Policies for particular PCs, which are identified by theirIP or MAC addresses. For each policy’s designated PCs, during the days andtime specified, the Router can do one or more of the following:•block or allow Internet access•block websites with specific URL addresses•block websites that use specific keywords in their URL addresses.To create or edit a policy, follow these instructions:Then follow these instructions:1. Select the policy’s number (1-10) in the drop-down menu.2. Enter a name in the Enter Profile Name field.3. Click the Edit List of PCs button.4. On the List of PCs screen, specify PCs by IP address or MAC address.Enter the appropriate IP addresses into the IP fields. If you have a range ofIP addresses to filter, complete the appropriate IP Range fields. Enter theappropriate MAC addresses into the MAC fields. 54Figure 6-21
Wireless-G Broadband Router 57Instant Wireless®Series56The Port Forwarding screen sets up public services on your network, such asweb servers, ftp servers, e-mail servers, or other specialized Internet applica-tions. (Specialized Internet applications are any applications that use Internetaccess to perform functions such as videoconferencing or online gaming. SomeInternet applications may not require any forwarding.)When users send this type of request to your network via the Internet, theRouter will forward those requests to the appropriate PC. Any PC whose portis being forwarded must have its DHCP client function disabled and must havea new static IP address assigned to it because its IP address may change whenusing the DHCP function.Port ForwardingFigure 6-23Note: For each MAC field, the MAC address should be entered in thisformat: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx (the x's represent the actual characters ofthe MAC address).Summary To see a summary of all the policies, click the Summary button.The Internet Policy Summary screen will show each policy’s Number, PolicyName, Days, and Time of Day. To delete a policy, click its box, and then clickthe Delete button. Click the Close button to return to the Filters screen.Filtered Internet Port Range To filter users by network port number, selectBoth, TCP, or UDP, depending on which protocols you want to filter. Thenenter the port numbers you want to filter into the port number fields. PCs con-nected to the Router will no longer be able to access any port number listedhere. To disable a filter, select Disable.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more informationabout the features, click the Help button.Figure 6-22
Wireless-G Broadband Router 59Instant Wireless®Series58Port TriggeringPort Triggering is used for special Internet applications whoseoutgoing ports differ from the incoming ports. For this feature, the Router willwatch outgoing data for specific port numbers. The Router will remember theIP address of the computer that sends a transmission requesting data, so thatwhen the requested data returns through the Router, the data is pulled back tothe proper computer by way of IP address and port mapping rules. Click thePort Triggeringbutton to set up triggered ports, and follow these instructions:1. Enter the Application Name of the trigger (see Figure 6-24).2. Enter the Outgoing Port Range used by the application. Check with theInternet application for the port number(s) needed.3.Enter the Incoming Port Range used by the application. Check with theInternet application for the port number(s) needed.4.Click the Applybutton to save your changes. Click the Cancelbutton tocancel your unsaved changes. Click the Closebutton to return to the PortForwardingscreen.To save your changes on this page, click the Applybutton. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancelbutton.To get more informationabout the features, click the Helpbutton.Figure 6-24The following table shows the typical port forwarding settings for commonInternet applications. Customized ApplicationsIn the field provided, enter the name you wish togive each application.External PortFor each application, enter the number of the External Ports(the port numbers seen by users on the Internet) in the appropriate fields. (Tofind out the port range, check your application's documentation.) If there isonly one External Port, enter its number in both External Port fields.TCP ProtocolClick this checkbox if you want to forward the data transmis-sions that use the TCP protocol.UDP Protocol Click this checkbox if you want to forward the data transmis-sions that use the UDP protocol.IP AddressFor each application, enter the IP Address of the PC running thespecific application.EnableClick the Enable checkbox to enable port forwarding for the relevantapplication.ApplicationFTPTelnetSMTPDNSTFTPFingerHTTPPOP3NNTPSNMPExternal Port21232553697980110119116TCP•••••••UDP•••
Wireless-G Broadband Router 61Instant Wireless®Series60the feature for both the WAN and LAN (including wireless), select Both. Todisable the Dynamic Routing feature for all data transmissions, keep the defaultsetting, Disable. (This feature is not available in Gateway mode.)Static Routing A static route is a pre-determined pathway that network infor-mation must travel to reach a specific host or network. To set up a static routebetween the Router and another network, follow these instructions:1. Select a number from the Static Routing drop-down list.2. Enter the following data:• Destination IP Address - The Destination IP Address is the address ofthe network or host to which you want to assign a static route.• Subnet Mask - The Subnet Mask determines which portion of aDestination LAN IP address is the network portion, and which portionis the host portion. • Gateway - This is the IP address of the gateway device that allows forcontact between the Router and the network or host.3. Depending on where the Destination IP Address is located, select LAN &Wireless or WAN from the Interface drop-down menu.4. To save your changes, click the Apply button. To cancel your changes,click the Cancel button.5. For additional static routes, repeat steps 1-4.Delete This Entry To delete a static route entry, follow these instructions:1. From the Static Routing drop-down list, select the entry number of the stat-ic route.2. Click the Delete This Entry button.3. To save a deletion, click the Apply button. To cancel an unsaved deletion,click the Cancel button.On the Routing screen, you can set the routing mode of the Router. Gatewaymode is recommended for most users. Operating Mode Choose the correct working mode. Keep the default setting,Gateway, if the Router is hosting your network’s connection to the Internet(recommended for most users). Select Router if the Router exists on a networkwith other routers.Dynamic Routing (RIP) Dynamic Routing enables the Router to automati-cally adjust to physical changes in the network’s layout and exchange routingtables with other routers. The Router determines the network packets’ routebased on the fewest number of hops between the source and destination. Toenable the Dynamic Routing feature for the WAN side, select WAN. To enablethis feature for the LAN and wireless side, select LAN & Wireless. To enable RoutingFigure 6-25Note: The Routing screen and available features will vary dependingon which mode you select.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 63Instant Wireless®Series62The Router offers a Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) feature. DDNSlets you assign a fixed host and domain name to a dynamic Internet IP address.It is useful when you are hosting your own website, FTP server, or other serv-er behind the Router. Before you can use this feature, you need to sign up forDDNS service at www.dyndns.org, a DDNS service provider.DDNS Service To disable DDNS Service, keep the default setting, Disable. Toenable DDNS Service, follow these instructions:1. Sign up for DDNS service at www.dyndns.org, and write down your UserName, Password, and Host Name information.2. On the DDNS screen, select Enable. 3. Complete the User Name, Password, and Host Name fields.4. To save your new settings, click the Apply button. To cancel your changes,click the Cancel button.DDNSFigure 6-27Show Routing Table Click the Show Routing Table button to view all of thevalid dynamic and static route entries in use (see Figure 6-26). The DestinationIP address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, and Interface information are displayed foreach entry. Click the Refresh button to display the most up-to-date data. Clickthe Close button to return to the Routing screen.• Destination IP Address - The Destination IP Address is the address ofthe network or host to which the static route is assigned.• Subnet Mask - The Subnet Mask determines which portion of aDestination LAN IP address is the network portion, and which portionis the host portion. • Gateway - This is the IP address of the gateway device that allows forcontact between the Router and the network or host.• Interface - This interface tells you whether the Destination IP Addressis on the LAN & Wireless (internal wired and wireless networks), theWAN (Internet), or Loopback (a dummy network in which one PCacts like a network-necessary for certain software programs). To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more informationabout the features, click the Help button.Figure 6-26
Wireless-G Broadband Router 65Instant Wireless®Series64Appendix A:TroubleshootingThis appendix consists of two parts: “Common Problems and Solutions” and“Frequently Asked Questions.” Provided are possible solutions to problems thatmay occur during the installation and operation of the Router. Read the descrip-tions below to help you solve your problems. If you can’t find an answer here,check the Linksys website at www.linksys.com.1. I need to set a static IP address on a PC.You can assign a static IP address to a PC by performing the following steps:For Windows 98 and Me:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network.B. In The following network components are installed box, select the TCP/IP->associated with your Ethernet adapter. If you only have one Ethernet adapterinstalled, you will only see one TCP/IP line with no association to an Ethernetadapter. Highlight it and click the Properties button.C. In the TCP/IP properties window, select the IP address tab, and selectSpecify an IP address. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by anyother computer on the network connected to the Router. You can only usean IP address in the ranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151to 192.168.1.254. Make sure that each IP address is unique for each PC ornetwork device.D. Click the Gateway tab, and in the New Gateway prompt, enter 192.168.1.1,which is the default IP address of the Router. Click the Add button to acceptthe entry.E. Click the DNS tab, and make sure the DNS Enabled option is selected.Enter the Host and Domain names (e.g., John for Host and home forDomain). Enter the DNS entry provided by your ISP. If your ISP has notprovided the DNS IP address, contact your ISP to get that information or goto its website for the information.F. Click the OK button in the TCP/IP properties window, and click Close orthe OK button for the Network window.G. Restart the computer when asked.Common Problems and SolutionsInternet IP Address The Router’s current Internet IP Address is displayedhere.Status The status of the DDNS service connection is displayed here.To save your changes on this page, click the Apply button. To cancel anyunsaved changes on this page, click the Cancel button. To get more informationabout the features, click the Help button.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 67Instant Wireless®SeriesFor Windows 2000:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network andDial-Up Connections.B. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernetadapter you are using, and select the Properties option.C. In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlightInternet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button. Select Usethe following IP address option.D. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on thenetwork connected to the Router. You can only use an IP address in theranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.254. E. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.F. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).G. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS serveraddresses, and enter the Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNSserver (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its website to findthe information.H. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window,and click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Properties window.I. Restart the computer if asked.For Windows NT 4.0:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click the Network icon.B. Click the Protocol tab, and double-click TCP/IP Protocol.C. When the window appears, make sure you have selected the correctAdapter for your Ethernet adapter.D. Select Specify an IP address, and enter a unique IP address that is notused by any other computer on the network connected to the Router. Youcan only use an IP address in the ranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.254.E. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.F. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).G. Click the DNS tab, and enter the Host and Domain names (e.g., John forHost and home for Domain). Under DNS Service Search Order, click theAdd button. Enter the DNS IP address in the DNS Server field, and clickthe Add button. Repeat this action for all DNS IP addresses given by yourISP.H. Click the OK button in the TCP/IP Protocol Properties window, and clickthe Close button in the Network window.I. Restart the computer if asked.66For Windows XP:The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with thedefault interface. If you are using the Classic interface (where the icons andmenus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the instructions forWindows 2000.A. Click Start and Control Panel. B. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then the NetworkConnections icon.C. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernetadapter you are using, and select the Properties option.D. In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight InternetProtocol (TCP/IP). Click the Properties button.E. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the net-work connected to the Router. You can only use an IP address in the ranges192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.254. F. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.G. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).H. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS serveraddresses, and enter the Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNSserver (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its website to findthe information.I. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.Click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Properties window.2. I want to test my Internet connection.A. Check your TCP/IP settings. For Windows 98, Me, 2000, and XP:Refer to “Chapter 4: Configure the PCs” for details. Make sure Obtain IPaddress automatically is selected in the settings.For Windows NT 4.0:• Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click the Networkicon.• Click the Protocol tab, and double-click on TCP/IP Protocol.• When the window appears, make sure you have selected the correctAdapter for your Ethernet adapter and set it for Obtain an IP addressfrom a DHCP server.• Click the OK button in the TCP/IP Protocol Properties window, andclick the Close button in the Network window.• Restart the computer if asked.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 69Instant Wireless®Series68D. Make sure you have the right cable. Check to see if the Internet column hasa solidly lit Link/Act LED. E. Make sure the cable connecting from your cable or DSL modem is con-nected to the Router’s Internet port. Verify that the Status page of theRouter’s web-based utility shows a valid IP address from your ISP.F. Turn off the computer, Router, and cable/DSL modem. Wait 30 seconds,and then turn on the Router, cable/DSL modem, and computer. Check theStatus tab of the Router’s web-based utility to see if you get an IP address. 4. I am not able to access the Setup page of the Router’s web-based utility.A. Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify thatyour computer is properly connected to the Router.B. Refer to “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP address for YourEthernet Adapter” to verify that your computer has an IP Address, SubnetMask, Gateway, and DNS.C. Set a static IP address on your system; refer to “Problem #1: I need to set astatic IP address.”D. Refer to “Problem #10: I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-uppop-up window (for PPPoE users).”5. I can’t get my Virtual Private Network (VPN) working through the Router.Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IPaddress of the Router, and go to the Security tab. Make sure you have IPsecpass-through and/or PPTP pass-through enabled.VPNs that use IPSec with the ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload known asprotocol 50) authentication will work fine. At least one IPSec session will workthrough the Router; however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may be possible,depending on the specifics of your VPNs.VPNs that use IPSec and AH (Authentication Header known as protocol 51)are incompatible with the Router. AH has limitations due to occasional incom-patibility with the NAT standard. Change the IP address for the Router to another subnet to avoid a conflictbetween the VPN IP address and your local IP address. For example, if yourVPN server assigns an IP address 192.168.1.X (X is a number from 1 to 254)and your local LAN IP address is 192.168.1.X (X is the same number used inthe VPN IP address), the Router will have difficulties routing information tothe right location. If you change the Router’s IP address to 192.168.2.1, thatshould solve the problem. Change the Router’s IP address through the Setup tab B. Open a command prompt.• For Windows 98 and Me, please click Start and Run. In the Open field,type in command. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.• For Windows NT, 2000, and XP, please click Start and Run. In theOpen field, type cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.C. In the command prompt, type ping 192.168.1.1 and press the Enter key. • If you get a reply, the computer is communicating with the Router.• If you do NOT get a reply, please check the cable, and make sure Obtainan IP address automatically is selected in the TCP/IP settings for yourEthernet adapter. D. In the command prompt, type ping followed by your Internet or WAN IPaddress and press the Enter key. The Internet or WAN IP Address can befound on the Status screen of the Router’s web-based utility. For example,if your Internet or WAN IP address is 1.2.3.4, you would enter ping 1.2.3.4and press the Enter key.• If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Router.• If you do NOT get a reply, try the ping command from a different com-puter to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.E. In the command prompt, type ping www.yahoo.com and press the Enterkey. • If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Internet. If you can-not open a webpage, try the ping command from a different computer toverify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.• If you do NOT get a reply, there may be a problem with the connection.Try the ping command from a different computer to verify that your orig-inal computer is not the cause of the problem.3. I am not getting an IP address on the Internet with my Internet connection.A. Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify thatyou have connectivity.B. If you need to register the MAC address of your Ethernet adapter with yourISP, please see “Appendix D: Finding the MAC address and IP Address forYour Ethernet Adapter.” If you need to clone the MAC address of yourEthernet adapter onto the Router, see the System section of “Chapter 6: TheRouter’s Web-based Utility” for details.C. Make sure you are using the right Internet connection settings. Contact yourISP to see if your Internet connection type is DHCP, Static IP Address, orPPPoE (commonly used by DSL consumers). Please refer to the Setup sec-tion of “Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility” for details on Internetconnection settings.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 7. I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications.If you want to play online games or use Internet applications, most will workwithout doing any port forwarding or DMZ hosting. There may be cases whenyou want to host an online game or Internet application. This would require youto set up the Router to deliver incoming packets or data to a specific comput-er. This also applies to the Internet applications you are using. The best way toget the information on what port services to use is to go to the website of theonline game or application you want to use. Follow these steps to set up onlinegame hosting or use a certain Internet application:A. Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IPaddress of the Router. Go to the Advanced => Port Forwarding tab.B. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.C. Enter the External Port range of the service you are using. For example,if you want to host Unreal Tournament (UT), you would enter the range7777 to 27900.D. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP. E. Enter the IP address of the PC or network device that you want the portserver to go to. For example, if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP addressis 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the field provided. Check“Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter” for details on getting an IP address.F. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider theexample below:Customized External Port TCP UDP IP Address EnableApplicationUT 7777 to 27900 X X 192.168.1.100 X Halflife 27015 to 27015 X X 192.168.1.105 XPC Anywhere 5631 to 5631 X 192.168.1.102 XVPN IPSEC 500 to 500 X 192.168.1.100 XWhen you have completed the configuration, click the Apply button.71Instant Wireless®Seriesof the web interface. If you assigned a static IP address to any computer or net-work device on the network, you need to change its IP address accordingly to192.168.2.Y (Y being any number from 1 to 254). Note that each IP addressmust be unique within the network.Your VPN may require port 500/UDP packets to be passed to the computer thatis connecting to the IPSec server. Refer to “Problem #7, I need to set up onlinegame hosting or use other Internet applications” for details. Check the Linksys website for more information at www.linksys.com.6. I need to set up a server behind my Router and make it available to the public.To use a server like a web, ftp, or mail server, you need to know the respectiveport numbers they are using. For example, port 80 (HTTP) is used for web;port 21 (FTP) is used for FTP, and port 25 (SMTP outgoing) and port 110(POP3 incoming) are used for the mail server. You can get more informationby viewing the documentation provided with the server you installed. Followthese steps to set up port forwarding through the Router’s web-based utility. Wewill be setting up web, ftp, and mail servers.A. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or theIP address of the Router. Go to the Advanced => Port Forwarding tab. B. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.C. Enter the External Port range of the service you are using. For example,if you have a web server, you would enter the range 80 to 80. D. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP. E. Enter the IP address of the PC or network device that you want the portserver to go to. For example, if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP addressis 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the field provided. Check“Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter” for details on getting an IP address.F. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider theexample below:Customized External Port TCP UDP IP Address EnableApplicationWeb server 80 to 80 X X 192.168.1.100 XFTP server 21 to 21 X 192.168.1.101 XSMTP (outgoing) 25 to 25 X X 192.168.1.102 XPOP3 (incoming) 110 to 110 X X 192.168.1.102 XWhen you have completed the configuration, click the Apply button.70
Wireless-G Broadband Router 10. I am a PPPoE user, and I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window.If you have proxy settings, you need to disable these on your computer.Because the Router is the gateway for the Internet connection, the computerdoes not need any proxy settings to gain access. Please follow these directionsto verify that you do not have any proxy settings and that the browser you useis set to connect directly to the LAN.For Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Internet Options. B. Click the Connections tab.C. Click the LAN settings button and remove anything that is checked.D. Click the OK button to go back to the previous screen.E. Click the option Never dial a connection. This will remove any dial-uppop-ups for PPPoE users.For Netscape 4.7 or higher:A. Start Netscape Navigator, and click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, andProxies. B. Make sure you have Direct connection to the Internet selected on thisscreen.C. Close all the windows to finish.11. To start over, I need to set the Router to factory default.Hold the Reset button for 10 seconds and then release it. This will return thepassword, forwarding, and other settings on the Router to the factory defaultsettings. In other words, the Router will revert to its original factory configu-ration.12. I need to upgrade the firmware.In order to upgrade the firmware with the latest features, you need to go to theLinksys website and download the latest firmware at www.linksys.com. Followthese steps:A. Go to the Linksys website at http://www.linksys.com and download thelatest firmware.B. To upgrade the firmware, follow the steps in the System section found in“Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-based Utility.”73Instant Wireless®Series8. I can’t get the Internet game, server, or application to work.If you are having difficulties getting any Internet game, server, or applicationto function properly, consider exposing one PC to the Internet usingDeMilitarized Zone (DMZ) hosting. This option is available when an applica-tion requires too many ports or when you are not sure which port services touse. Make sure you disable all the forwarding entries if you want to success-fully use DMZ hosting, since forwarding has priority over DMZ hosting. (Inother words, data that enters the Router will be checked first by the forwardingsettings. If the port number that the data enters from does not have port for-warding, then the Router will send the data to whichever PC or network deviceyou set for DMZ hosting.) Follow these steps to set DMZ hosting:A. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or theIP address of the Router. Go to the Advanced => Port Forwarding tab.B. Disable or remove the entries you have entered for forwarding. Keep thisinformation in case you want to use it at a later time.C. Go to the Setup => Security tab.D. Select Enable next to DMZ. In the DMZ Host IP Address field, enter the IPaddress of the computer you want exposed to the Internet. This will bypassthe NAT technology for that computer. Please refer to “Appendix D:Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter” fordetails on getting an IP address. Once completed with the configuration, click the Apply button.9. I forgot my password, or the password prompt always appears when I am sav-ing settings to the Router.Reset the Router to factory default by pressing the Reset button for 10 secondsand then releasing it. If you are still getting prompted for a password when sav-ing settings, then perform the following steps:A. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or theIP address of the Router. Enter the default password admin, and click theSecurity tab. B. Enter a different password in the Router Password field, and enter thesame password in the second field to confirm the password.C. Click the Apply button.72
Wireless-G Broadband Router 15. I can’t access my e-mail, web,or VPN, or I am getting corrupted data from theInternet.The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) setting may need to be adjusted. Bydefault, the MTU is set at 1500. For most DSL users, it is strongly recom-mended to use MTU 1492. If you are having some difficulties, perform the fol-lowing steps:A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enterhttp://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router.B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)C. Click the System tab.D. Look for the MTU option, and select Manual. In the Size field, enter 1492. E. Click the Apply button to continue.If your difficulties continue, change the Size to different values. Try this list ofvalues, one value at a time, in this order, until your problem is solved:146214001362130016. The Diag LED stays lit continuously.• The Diag LED lights up when the device is first powered up. Meantime,the system will boot up itself and check for proper operation. After fin-ishing the checking procedure, the LED turns off to show that the systemis working fine. If the LED remains lit after this time, the device is notworking properly. Try to flash the firmware by assigning a static IPaddress to the computer, and then upgrade the firmware. Try using thefollowing settings, IP Address: 192.168.1.50 and Subnet Mask:255.255.255.0.17. When I enter a URL or IP address, I get a time-out error or am prompted to retry.• Check if other PCs work. If they do, ensure that your workstation’s IP set-tings are correct (IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS).Restart the computer that is having a problem.• If the PCs are configured correctly, but still not working, check theRouter. Ensure that it is connected and powered on. Connect to it andcheck its settings. (If you cannot connect to it, check the LAN and powerconnections.)• If the Router is configured correctly, check your Internet connection(DSL/cable modem, etc.) to see if it is working correctly. You can removethe Router to verify a direct connection.75Instant Wireless®Series13. The firmware upgrade failed, and/or the Diag LED is flashing.The upgrade could have failed for a number of reasons. Follow these steps toupgrade the firmware and/or make the Diag LED stop flashing:A. If the firmware upgrade failed, use the TFTP program (it was downloadedalong with the firmware). Open the pdf that was downloaded along with thefirmware and TFTP program, and follow the pdf’s instructions.B. Set a static IP address on the PC; refer to “Problem #1, I need to set a stat-ic IP address.” Use the following IP address settings for the computer youare using:IP Address: 192.168.1.50Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Gateway: 192.168.1.1C. Perform the upgrade using the TFTP program or the Router’s web-basedutility through its System tab.14. My DSL service’s PPPoE is always disconnecting.PPPoE is not actually a dedicated or always-on connection. The DSL ISP candisconnect the service after a period of inactivity, just like a normal phone dial-up connection to the Internet. There is a setup option to “keep alive” the con-nection. This may not always work, so you may need to re-establish connec-tion periodically.A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enterhttp://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router.B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)C. On the Setup screen, select the option Keep Alive, and set the RedialPeriod option at 20 (seconds).D. Click the Apply button.E. Click the Status tab, and click the Connect button.F. You may see the login status display as Connecting. Press the F5 key torefresh the screen, until you see the login status display as Connected.G. Click the Apply button to continue.If the connection is lost again, follow steps E to G to re-establish connection.74
Wireless-G Broadband Router 77Instant Wireless®Series• Manually configure the TCP/IP settings with a DNS address provided byyour ISP.• Make sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, andthen the Connection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Neverdial a connection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences,Advanced, and Proxy. Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set toDirect connection to the Internet.18. The Full/Col LED keeps flickering continuously.• Check the Category 5 Ethernet network cable and its RJ-45 connectors.• There may be interference with other network devices. Try removingother PCs or network devices to see if the problem persists. Eliminateeach network device one at a time to determine the cause.What is the maximum number of IP addresses that the Router will support? The Router will support up to 253 IP addresses.Is IPSec Pass-Through supported by the Router?Yes, it is a built-in feature that the Router automatically enables.Where is the Router installed on the network? In a typical environment, the Router is installed between the cable/DSL modemand the LAN. Plug the Router into the cable/DSL modem’s Ethernet port.Does the Router support IPX or AppleTalk? No. TCP/IP is the only protocol standard for the Internet and has become theglobal standard for communications. IPX, a NetWare communications protocolused only to route messages from one node to another, and AppleTalk, a com-munications protocol used on Apple and Macintosh networks, can be used forLAN to LAN connections, but those protocols cannot connect from the Internetto a LAN.Does the Internet connection of the Router support 100Mbps Ethernet? The Router’s current hardware design supports up to 100Mbps Ethernet on itsInternet port; however, the Internet connection speed will vary depending onthe speed of your broadband connection. The Router also supports 100Mbpsover the auto-sensing Fast Ethernet 10/100 switch on the LAN side of theRouter. 76What is Network Address Translation and what is it used for?Network Address Translation (NAT) translates multiple IP addresses on the pri-vate LAN to one public address that is sent out to the Internet. This adds a levelof security since the address of a PC connected to the private LAN is nevertransmitted on the Internet. Furthermore, NAT allows the Router to be usedwith low cost Internet accounts, such as DSL or cable modems, when only oneTCP/IP address is provided by the ISP. The user may have many privateaddresses behind this single address provided by the ISP.Does the Router support any operating system other than Windows 95, Windows98,Windows Millennium,Windows 2000,Windows NT, or Windows XP? Yes, but Linksys does not, at this time, provide technical support for setup, con-figuration or troubleshooting of any non-Windows operating systems.Does the Router support ICQ send file?Yes, with the following fix: click ICQ menu -> preference -> connectionstab->, and check I am behind a firewall or proxy. Then set the firewall time-out to 80 seconds in the firewall setting. The Internet user can then send a fileto a user behind the Router.I set up an Unreal Tournament Server, but others on the LAN cannot join. What doI need to do? If you have a dedicated Unreal Tournament server running, you need to createa static IP for each of the LAN computers and forward ports 7777, 7778, 7779,7780, 7781, and 27900 to the IP address of the server. You can also use a portforwarding range of 7777 ~ 27900. If you want to use the UT Server Admin,forward another port. (Port 8080 usually works well but is used for remoteadmin. You may have to disable this.) Then in the [UWeb.WebServer] sectionof the server.ini file, set the ListenPort to 8080 (to match the mapped portabove) and ServerName to the IP assigned to the Router from your ISP.Can multiple gamers on the LAN get on one game server and play simultaneouslywith just one public IP address?It depends on which network game or what kind of game server you are using.For example, Unreal Tournament supports multi-login with one public IP.How do I get Half-Life:Team Fortressto work with the Router?The default client port for Half-Life is 27005. The computers on your LANneed to have “+clientport 2700x” added to the HL shortcut command line; thex would be 6, 7, 8, and on up. This lets multiple computers connect to the sameserver. One problem: Version 1.0.1.6 won’t let multiple computers with theFrequently Asked Questions
Wireless-G Broadband Router 79Instant Wireless®Series78your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. Makesure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled.For Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and then the Connectiontab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Never dial a connection. ForNetscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxy. Makesure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct connection to the Internet.What is DMZ Hosting?Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) allows one IP address (computer) to be exposed tothe Internet. Some applications require multiple TCP/IP ports to be open. It isrecommended that you set your computer with a static IP if you want to useDMZ Hosting. To get the LAN IP address, see “Appendix D: Finding the MACAddress and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter.”If DMZ Hosting is used,does the exposed user share the public IP with the Router?No.Does the Router pass PPTP packets or actively route PPTP sessions? The Router allows PPTP packets to pass through.Is the Router cross-platform compatible? Any platform that supports Ethernet and TCP/IP is compatible with the Router.How many ports can be simultaneously forwarded? Theoretically, the Router can establish 520 sessions at the same time, but youcan only forward 10 ranges of ports.Does the Router replace a modem? Is there a cable or DSL modem in the Router?No, the Router must work in conjunction with a cable or DSL modem.Which modems are compatible with the Router? The Router is compatible with virtually any cable or DSL modem that supportsEthernet.What are the advanced features of the Router?The Router’s advanced features include Advanced Wireless settings, Filters,Port Forwarding, Routing, and DDNS.What is the maximum number of VPN sessions allowed by the Router?The maximum number depends on many factors. At least one IPSec sessionwill work through the Router; however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may bepossible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs. same CD key connect at the same time, even if on the same LAN (not a prob-lem with 1.0.1.3). As far as hosting games, the HL server does not need to bein the DMZ. Just forward port 27015 to the local IP address of the server com-puter. How can I block corrupted FTP downloads? If you are experiencing corrupted files when you download a file with your FTPclient, try using another FTP program.The web page hangs; downloads are corrupt, or nothing but junk characters arebeing displayed on the screen. What do I need to do?Force your Ethernet adapter to 10Mbps or half duplex mode, and turn off the“Auto-negotiate” feature of your Ethernet adapter as a temporary measure.(Please look at the Network Control Panel in your Ethernet adapter’s AdvancedProperties tab.) Make sure that your proxy setting is disabled in the browser.Check our website at www.linksys.com for more information.If all else fails in the installation, what can I do?Reset the Router by holding down the reset button until the Diag LED fullyturns on and off. Reset your cable or DSL modem by powering the unit off andthen on. Obtain and flash the latest firmware release that is readily availableon the Linksys website, www.linksys.com.How will I be notified of new Router firmware upgrades?All Linksys firmware upgrades are posted on the Linksys website atwww.linksys.com, where they can be downloaded for free. To upgrade theRouter’s firmware, use the System tab of the Router’s web-based utility. If theRouter’s Internet connection is working well, there is no need to download anewer firmware version, unless that version contains new features that youwould like to use. Downloading a more current version of Router firmwarewill not enhance the quality or speed of your Internet connection, and may dis-rupt your current connection stability.Will the Router function in a Macintosh environment? Yes, but the Router’s setup pages are accessible only through Internet Explorer4.0 or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or higher for Macintosh.I am not able to get the web configuration screen for the Router. What can I do?You may have to remove the proxy settings on your Internet browser, e.g.,Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer. Or remove the dial-up settings onyour browser. Check with your browser documentation, and make sure that
Wireless-G Broadband Router 81Instant Wireless®Series80What is roaming?Roaming is the ability of a portable computer user to communicate continu-ously while moving freely throughout an area greater than that covered by a sin-gle access point. Before using the roaming function, the workstation must makesure that it is the same channel number with the access point of dedicated cov-erage area. To achieve true seamless connectivity, the wireless LAN must incorporate anumber of different functions. Each node and access point, for example, mustalways acknowledge receipt of each message. Each node must maintain contactwith the wireless network even when not actually transmitting data. Achievingthese functions simultaneously requires a dynamic RF networking technologythat links access points and nodes. In such a system, the user’s end node under-takes a search for the best possible access to the system. First, it evaluates suchfactors as signal strength and quality, as well as the message load currentlybeing carried by each access point and the distance of each access point to thewired backbone. Based on that information, the node next selects the rightaccess point and registers its address. Communications between end node andhost computer can then be transmitted up and down the backbone.As the user moves on, the end node’s RF transmitter regularly checks the sys-tem to determine whether it is in touch with the original access point or whetherit should seek a new one. When a node no longer receives acknowledgment from its original access point, it undertakes a new search. Upon finding a newaccess point, it then re-registers, and the communication process continues.What is ISM band?The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have set aside bandwidthfor unlicensed use in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band.Spectrum in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz, in particular, is being made availableworldwide. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place convenienthigh-speed wireless capabilities in the hands of users around the globe. What is Spread Spectrum?Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique devel-oped by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-critical communica-tions systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for reliability,integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is consumed than in thecase of narrowband transmission, but the trade-off produces a signal that is, ineffect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the receiver knows theparameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is not How can I check whether I have static or DHCP IP Addresses?Consult your ISP to obtain this information. How do I get mIRC to work with the Router?Under the Port Forwarding tab, set port forwarding to 113 for the PC on whichyou are using mIRC.Can the Router act as my DHCP server?Yes. The Router has DHCP server software built-in.Can I run an application from a remote computer over the wireless network?This will depend on whether or not the application is designed to be used overa network. Consult the application’s documentation to determine if it supportsoperation over a network.What is the IEEE 802.11b standard?It is one of the IEEE standards for wireless networks. The 802.11b standardallows wireless networking hardware from different manufacturers to commu-nicate, provided that the hardware complies with the 802.11b standard. The802.11b standard states a maximum data transfer rate of 11Mbps and an oper-ating frequency of 2.4GHz.What IEEE 802.11b features are supported?The product supports the following IEEE 802.11b functions: • CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge protocol • Multi-Channel Roaming • Automatic Rate Selection • RTS/CTS feature • Fragmentation • Power Management What is ad-hoc mode?When a wireless network is set to ad-hoc mode, the wireless-equipped com-puters are configured to communicate directly with each other. The ad-hocwireless network will not communicate with any wired network. What is infrastructure mode?When a wireless network is set to infrastructure mode, the wireless network isconfigured to communicate with a wired network through a wireless accesspoint.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 83Instant Wireless®Seriestuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like backgroundnoise. There are two main alternatives, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences?Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier thatchanges frequency in a pattern that is known to both transmitter and receiver.Properly synchronized, the net effect is to maintain a single logical channel. Toan unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise.Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit patternfor each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chippingcode). The longer the chip, the greater the probability that the original data canbe recovered. Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during trans-mission, statistical techniques embedded in the radio can recover the originaldata without the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSSappears as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most nar-rowband receivers. Will the information be intercepted while it is being transmitted through the air?WLAN features two-fold protection in security. On the hardware side, as withDirect Sequence Spread Spectrum technology, it has the inherent security fea-ture of scrambling. On the software side, WLAN offers the encryption function(WEP) to enhance security and access control.What is WEP?WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism based on a 64-bitor 128-bit shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11 standard.What is a MAC Address?The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique number assigned by themanufacturer to any Ethernet networking device, such as a network adapter,that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level. For all practical pur-poses, this number is usually permanent. Unlike IP addresses, which canchange every time a computer logs onto the network, the MAC address of adevice stays the same, making it a valuable identifier for the network.How do I avoid interference?If you are using the Router and one or more Access Points in close proximityto one another, and they are set on the same channel, interference will be gen-erated. To avoid interference, be sure to set the Router and all Access Points todifferent channels (frequencies); in other words, assign a unique channel to theRouter and each Access Point.82How do I reset the Router?Press the Reset button on the back panel for about ten seconds. This will resetthe Router to its default settings.How do I resolve issues with signal loss?There is no way to know the exact range of your wireless network without test-ing. Every obstacle placed between the Router and a wireless PC will createsignal loss. Lead glass, metal, concrete floors, water and walls will inhibit thesignal and reduce range. Start with the Router and your wireless PC in thesame room and move it away in small increments to determine the maximumrange in your environment. You may also try using different channels, as this may eliminate interferenceaffecting only one channel.I have excellent signal strength, but I cannot see my network. WEP is probably enabled on the Router, but not on your wireless adapter (orvice versa). Verify that the same WEP keys and levels (64 or 128) are beingused on all nodes of your wireless network. How many channels/frequencies are available with the Router?There are eleven available channels, ranging from 1 to 11 (in North America). If your questions are not addressed here, refer to the Linksys website,www.linksys.com.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 85Instant Wireless®Series84Step One: Pinging an IP AddressThe first step to determining your ISP’s web and e-mail server address is toping its IP address.1. Power on the computer and the cable or DSL modem, and restore the net-work configuration set by your ISP if you have since changed it.2. Click Start and then Run. Type command in the Open field. This willbring up the DOS window.3. At the DOS command prompt, type ping mail (assuming that the locationfor which you’re trying to find an IP address is configured as mail). Pressthe Enter key. Information such as the following data, taken from a ping ofMicrosoft Network’s e-mail server, will be displayed.C:\>ping mailPinging mail [24.53.32.4] with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0%loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms4. Write down the IP address returned by the ping command (in the exampleabove: 24.53.32.4.). This IP address is the actual IP address of the servermail, or any other word or value you have pinged.Figure B-1Appendix B:How to Ping YourISP’s E-mail &Web AddressesVirtually all Internet addresses are configured with words or characters (e.g.,www.linksys.com, www.yahoo.com, etc.) In actuality, however, these Internetaddresses are assigned to IP addresses, which are the true addresses on theInternet. For example, www.yahoo.com is 66.218.71.87 (this IP address maychange). Type it into your web browser and you will wind up at the Linksyshome page every time. There are servers that translate the URL to an IPaddress; this is called the Domain Name System (DNS).IP and web addresses, however, can sometimes be long and hard to remember.Because of this, certain ISPs will shorten their server addresses to single wordsor codes on their users’ web browser or e-mail configurations. If your ISP’s e-mail and web server addresses are configured with single words (www, e-mail,home, pop3, etc.) rather than whole Internet addresses or IP addresses, theRouter may have problems sending or receiving mail and accessing theInternet. This happens because the Router has not been configured by your ISPto accept their abbreviated server addresses.The solution is to determine the true web addresses behind your ISPs codewords. You can determine the IP and web addresses of your ISP’s servers by“pinging” them.Important: If you don’t have your ISP’s web and e-mail IPaddresses, you must either get them from your ISP or follow thesesteps prior to connecting the Router to your network.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 87Instant Wireless®Series86Appendix C:ConfiguringWireless SecurityAn acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy, WEP is an encryption method usedto protect your wireless data communications. WEP uses 64-bit or 128-bit keysto provide access control to your network and encryption security for everydata transmission. To decode a data transmission, each point in a network mustuse an identical 64-bit or 128-bit key. Higher encryption levels mean higherlevels of security, but due to the complexity of the encryption, they may meandecreased network performance.You may also have heard the term “40-bit” used in conjunction with WEPencryption. This is simply another term for 64-bit WEP encryption. This levelof WEP encryption has been called 40-bit because it uses a 40-bit secret keyalong with a 24-bit Initialization Vector (40 + 24 = 64). Wireless vendors mayuse either name. Linksys uses the term “64-bit” when referring to this level ofencryption. All wireless devices compliant with the 802.11b standard will sup-port 64-bit WEP.Make sure your wireless network is functioning before attempting to configureWEP encryption.In addition to enabling WEP, Linksys also recommends the following securityimplementations:•Change the SSID from the default “linksys”•Change the SSID on a regular basis•Change the WEP key regularly•Enable wireless MAC address filtering (see the “Advanced Wireless” sectionof “Chapter 6: The Router’s Web-Based Utility”)For instructions on how to configure the WEP settings of your PC’s wirelessadapter, refer to your wireless adapter’s documentation. To configure theRouter’s WEP settings, follow these instructions:Note: WEP encryption is an additional data security measure and notessential for router operation; however, Linksys recommends the useof WEP encryption. Step Two: Pinging for a Web AddressWhile the IP address returned above would work as your e-mail server address,it may not be permanent. IP addresses change all the time. Web addresses, how-ever, usually don’t. Because of this, you’re likely to have fewer problems byconfiguring your system with web addresses rather than IP addresses. Followthe instructions below to find the web address assigned to the IP address youjust pinged.1. At the DOS command prompt, type ping -a 24.53.32.4, where 24.53.32.4is the IP address you just pinged. Information such as the following datawill be displayed.C:\>ping -a 24.53.32.4Pinging mail.msnv3.occa.home.com [24.53.32.4] with32 bytes of data:Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0%loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms2. Write down the web address returned by the ping command. (In the exam-ple in Figure C-2, mail.msnv3.occa.home.com is the web address.) Thisweb address is the web address assigned to the IP address you just pinged.While the IP address of mail could conceivably change, it is likely that thisweb address will not.3. Replace your ISP’s abbreviated server address with this extended webaddress in the corresponding Internet application (web browser, e-mailapplication, etc.).Once you have replaced the brief server address with the true server address,the Router should have no problem accessing the Internet through that Internetapplication.Figure B-2
Wireless-G Broadband Router 5. WEP keys enable you to create an encryption scheme for wireless LANtransmissions. If you are not using a Passphrase, then manually enter a setof values in each Key field. (Do not leave a key field blank, and do not enterall zeroes. These are not valid key values.) If you are using 64-bit WEP encryption, then the key must be exactly 10hexadecimal characters in length. If you are using 128-bit WEP encryption,then the key must be exactly 26 hexadecimal characters in length. Validhexadecimal characters are “0”-“9” and “A”-“F”.6. Check all the values, and click theApply button to save your WEP settingsand return to the Setup screen. To cancel any changes you’ve entered on thispage, click the Cancel button. To get more information about the features,click the Help button.89Instant Wireless®Series1. On the Setup tab of the Router’s web-based utility, click the Enable radiobutton next to WEP. Then click the Edit WEP Settings button.2. You will see the 2.4GHz, 54g, Wireless-G (WEP) screen (Figure C-1). Nextto Default Transmit Key, select which WEP key (1-4) will be used when theRouter sends data. Make sure the receiving device is using the same key.3. For the WEP Encryption drop-down box, select the level of WEP encryp-tion you wish to use, 64-bit 10 hex digits or 128-bit 26 hex digits. Higherencryption levels offer higher levels of security, but due to the complexityof the encryption, they may decrease network performance.4. Instead of manually entering WEP keys, you can enter a Passphrase in thePassphrase field. This Passphrase is used to generate one or more WEPkeys. It is case-sensitive and should not be longer than 16 alphanumericcharacters. (This Passphrase function is compatible with Linksys wirelessproducts only. If you want to communicate with non-Linksys wireless prod-ucts, enter the WEP key manually on the non-Linksys wireless products.)After you enter the Passphrase, click the Generate button to create WEPkeys. 88Note: All Wireless-G and 802.11b devices in your network must usethe same Passphrase or WEP key.Figure C-1
Wireless-G Broadband Router 3. Write down the Adapter Address as shown on your computer screen (seeFigure E-3). This is the MAC address for your Ethernet adapter and willbe shown as a series of numbers and letters. The MAC address/Adapter Address is what you will use for MAC addresscloning or MAC filtering. Write down the IP Address as shown on your computer screen. The exam-ple in Figure E-3 shows the IP address of your Ethernet adapter as192.168.1.100. Your computer may show something different. For Windows NT, 2000, and XP:1. Click Start and Run. In the Open field, enter cmd. Press the Enter key orclick the OK button.91Instant Wireless®SeriesAppendix D:Finding the MACAddress and IPAddress for YourEthernet AdapterThis section describes how to find the MAC address for your Ethernet adapterto do either MAC address filtering or MAC address cloning for the Router andISP. You can also find the IP address of your computer’s Ethernet adapter. TheIP address is used for filtering, forwarding, and DMZ. Follow the steps in thisappendix to find the MAC address or IP address for your adapter in Windows95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, and XP. For Windows 95, 98, and Me:1. Click on Start and Run. In the Open field, enter winipcfg. Then press theEnter key or the OK button.2. When the IP Configuration window appears, select the Ethernet adapteryou are using to connect to the Router via a Category 5 Ethernet networkcable.90Figure D-3Figure D-4Note: The MAC address is also called the AdapterAddress.Figure D-1Figure D-2
Wireless-G Broadband Router 93Instant Wireless®Series2. In the command prompt, enter ipconfig /all. Then press the Enter key.3. Write down the Physical Address as shown on your computer screen; it isthe MAC address for your Ethernet adapter. This will appear as a series ofletters and numbers. The MAC address/Physical Address is what you will use for MAC addresscloning or MAC filtering. Write down the IP Address as shown on your computer screen. The exam-ple in Figure E-5 shows the IP address of your Ethernet adapter as192.168.1.100. Your computer may show something different. 92Appendix E: Glossary10BaseT - An Ethernet standard that uses twisted wire pairs.100BaseTX - IEEE physical layer specification for 100 Mbps over two pairs ofCategory 5 UTP or STP wire.802.11b - One of the IEEE standards for wireless networking hardware.Products that adhere to a specific IEEE standard will work with each other,even if they are manufactured by different companies. The 802.11b standardspecifies a maximum data transfer rate of 11Mbps, an operating frequency of2.4GHz, and WEP encryption for security. 802.11b networks are also referredto as Wi-Fi networks.802.1g - A proposed, but as yet unratified extension of the IEEE 802.11 stan-dard for wireless networking hardware. The draft 802.11g specifications usedby Linksys specify a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps using OFDMmodulation, an operating frequency of 2.4GHz, backward compatibility withIEEE 802.11b devices, and WEP encryption for security.Adapter - Printed circuit board that plugs into a PC to add to capabilities orconnectivity to a PC. In a networked environment, a network interface card(NIC) is the typical adapter that allows the PC or server to connect to theintranet and/or Internet.Ad-hoc Network - An ad-hoc network is a group of computers, each with awireless adapter, connected as an independent 802.11 wireless LAN. Ad-hocwireless computers operate on a peer-to-peer basis, communicating directlywith each other without the use of an access point. Ad-hoc mode is alsoreferred to as an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) or as peer-to-peermode, and is useful at a departmental scale or SOHO operation.Automatic Fall-back - A feature provided by some wireless products toincrease connection reliability. Automatic fall-back enables a device to dynam-ically shift between various data transfer rates. It works by decreasing the datatransfer rate when interference increases, distance increases, and other factorsundermine signal strength and quality.Auto-MDI/MDIX - On a network hub or switch, an auto-MDI/MDIX portautomatically senses if it needs to act as a MDI or MDIX port. The auto-MDI/MDIX capability eliminates the need for crossover cables.Figure D-5Note: The MAC address is also called the PhysicalAddress.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 95Instant Wireless®SeriesAuto-negotiate - To automatically determine the correct settings. The term isoften used with communications and networking. For example, Ethernet10/100 cards, hubs, and switches can determine the highest speed of the nodethey are connected to and adjust their transmission rate accordingly.Backbone – The part of a network that connects most of the systems and net-works together and handles the most data.Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given facility, in terms of howmuch data the facility can transmit in a fixed amount of time; expressed in bitsper second (bps).Beacon Interval - A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Access Point to keepthe network synchronized. A beacon includes the wireless LAN service area,the AP address, the Broadcast destination addresses, a time stamp, DeliveryTraffic Indicator Maps, and the Traffic Indicator Message (TIM).Bit – A binary digit. The value—0 or 1—used in the binary numbering system.Also, the smallest form of data.Boot – To cause the computer to start executing instructions. Personal comput-ers contain built-in instructions in a ROM chip that are automatically executedon startup. These instructions search for the operating system, load it, and passcontrol to it. Bottleneck – A traffic slowdown that results when too many network nodes tryto access a single node, often a server node, at once.Bridge - A device that interconnects different networks together. Broadband - A data-transmission scheme in which multiple signals share thebandwidth of a medium. This allows the transmission of voice, data, and videosignals over a single medium. Cable television uses broadband techniques todeliver dozens of channels over one cable.Browser - A browser is an application program that provides a way to look atand interact with all the information on the World Wide Web or PC. The word“browser” seems to have originated prior to the Web as a generic term for userinterfaces that let you browse text files online. Buffer - A buffer is a shared or assigned memory area used by hardwaredevices or program processes that operate at different speeds or with different94sets of priorities. The buffer allows each device or process to operate withoutbeing held up by the other. In order for a buffer to be effective, the size of thebuffer and the algorithms for moving data into and out of the buffer need to beconsidered by the buffer designer. Like a cache, a buffer is a “midpoint hold-ing place” but exists not so much to accelerate the speed of an activity as tosupport the coordination of separate activities. Cable Modem - A device that connects a computer to the cable television net-work, which in turn connects to the Internet. Once connected, cable modemusers have a continuous connection to the Internet. Cable modems featureasymmetric transfer rates: around 36 Mbps downstream (from the Internet tothe computer), and from 200 Kbps to 2 Mbps upstream (from the computer tothe Internet).CAT 5 - ANSI/EIA (American National Standards Institute/ElectronicIndustries Association) Standard 568 is one of several standards that specify“categories” (the singular is commonly referred to as “CAT”) of twisted paircabling systems (wires, junctions, and connectors) in terms of the data ratesthat they can sustain. CAT 5 cable has a maximum throughput of 100 Mbps andis usually utilized for 100BaseTX networks.CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The computing part of the computer. Alsocalled the “processor,” it is made up of the control unit and ALU. CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) - The LANaccess method used in Ethernet. When a device wants to gain access to the net-work, it checks to see if the network is quiet (senses the carrier). If it is not, itwaits a random amount of time before retrying. If the network is quiet and twodevices access the line at exactly the same time, their signals collide. When thecollision is detected, they both back off and each waits a random amount oftime before retrying. CTS (Clear To Send) - An RS-232 signal sent from the receiving station to thetransmitting station that indicates it is ready to accept data.Database - A database is a collection of data that is organized so that its con-tents can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. Data Packet - One frame in a packet-switched message. Most data communi-cations is based on dividing the transmitted message into packets. For example,an Ethernet packet can be from 64 to 1518 bytes in length.Default Gateway - The routing device used to forward all traffic that is notaddressed to a station within the local subnet.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 97Instant Wireless®Series96Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network. In a communicationssession, download means receive, and upload means transmit. Driver - A workstation or server software module that provides an interfacebetween a network interface card and the upper-layer protocol software runningin the computer; it is designed for a specific NIC, and is installed during theinitial installation of a network-compatible client or server operating system.DSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum) - DSSS generates a redundant bitpattern for all transmitted data. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chippingcode). Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission,statistical techniques embedded in the receiver can recover the original datawithout the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appearsas low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowbandreceivers. However, to an intended receiver (i.e. another wireless LAN end-point), the DSSS signal is recognized as the only valid signal, and interferenceis inherently rejected (ignored).DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) - A DTIM field is a countdownfield informing clients of the next window for listening to broadcast and mul-ticast messages. When the AP has buffered broadcast or multicast messages forassociated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. APClients hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and multicastmessages.Dynamic IP Address - An IP address that is automatically assigned to a clientstation in a TCP/IP network, typically by a DHCP server. Network devices thatserve multiple users, such as servers and printers, are usually assigned static IPaddresses. Dynamic Routing - The ability for a router to forward data via a different routebased on the current conditions of the communications circuits. For example,it can adjust for overloaded traffic or failing lines and is much more flexiblethan static routing, which uses a fixed forwarding path.Encryption - A security method that applies a specific algorithm to data inorder to alter the data’s appearance and prevent other devices from reading theinformation. Ethernet - IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placedon and retrieved from a common transmission medium. Has a transfer rate of10 Mbps. Forms the underlying transport vehicle used by several upper-levelprotocols, including TCP/IP and XNS.DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) - Allows a network device with adynamic Internet IP address to have a fixed host and domain name, such asmyhostname.mydomainname.com. It is useful when you are hosting your ownwebsite, FTP server, or other server behind a router, so people can find yoursite no matter how often the Internet IP address changes. Using DDNS requiresregistering with a DDNS service provider on the Internet.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A protocol that lets networkadministrators centrally manage and automate the assignment of InternetProtocol (IP) addresses in an organization's network. Using the Internet’s set ofprotocol (TCP/IP), each machine that can connect to the Internet needs aunique IP address. When an organization sets up its computer users with a con-nection to the Internet, an IP address must be assigned to each machine.Without DHCP, the IP address must be entered manually at each computer and,if computers move to another location in another part of the network, a new IPaddress must be entered. DHCP lets a network administrator supervise and dis-tribute IP addresses from a central point and automatically sends a new IPaddress when a computer is plugged into a different place in the network. DHCP uses the concept of a “lease” or amount of time that a given IP addresswill be valid for a computer. The lease time can vary depending on how long auser is likely to require the Internet connection at a particular location. It’s espe-cially useful in education and other environments where users change fre-quently. Using very short leases, DHCP can dynamically reconfigure networksin which there are more computers than there are available IP addresses. DHCP supports static addresses for computers containing Web servers thatneed a permanent IP address. DMZ - (DeMilitarized Zone) allows one IP address (or computer) to beexposed to the Internet. Some applications require multiple TCP/IP ports to beopen. It is recommended that you set your computer with a static IP address ifyou want to use DMZ Hosting.DNS - The Domain Name System (DNS) is the way that Internet domainnames are located and translated into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Adomain name is a meaningful and easy-to-remember “handle” for an Internetaddress. Domain - A subnetwork comprised of a group of clients and servers under thecontrol of one security database. Dividing LANs into domains improves per-formance and security.
Wireless-G Broadband Router 99Instant Wireless®SeriesFast Ethernet - A 100 Mbps technology based on the 10Base-T EthernetCSMA/CD network access method.FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) - FHSS continuously changes(hops) the carrier frequency of a conventional carrier several times per secondaccording to a pseudo-random set of channels. Because a fixed frequency is notused, and only the transmitter and receiver know the hop patterns, interceptionof FHSS is extremely difficult.Firewall - A firewall is a set of related programs, located at a network gatewayserver, that protects the resources of a network from users from other networks.(The term also implies the security policy that is used with the programs.) Anenterprise with an intranet that allows its workers access to the wider Internetinstalls a firewall to prevent outsiders from accessing its own private dataresources and for controlling what outside resources to which its own usershave access. Basically, a firewall, working closely with a router, examines each networkpacket to determine whether to forward it toward its destination.Firmware - Code that is written onto read-only memory (ROM) or program-mable read-only memory (PROM). Once firmware has been written onto theROM or PROM, it is retained even when the device is turned off.Fragmentation - Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting overa network medium that cannot support the original size of the packet. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IPnetwork (Internet, UNIX, etc.). For example, after developing the HTML pagesfor a website on a local machine, they are typically uploaded to the Web serv-er using FTP.FTP includes functions to log onto the network, list directories, and copy files.It can also convert between the ASCII and EBCDIC character codes. FTP oper-ations can be performed by typing commands at a command prompt or via anFTP utility running under a graphical interface such as Windows. FTP transferscan also be initiated from within a Web browser by entering the URL precededwith ftp://.Unlike e-mail programs in which graphics and program files have to be“attached,” FTP is designed to handle binary files directly and does not add theoverhead of encoding and decoding the data.98Full Duplex - The ability of a device or line to transmit data simultaneously inboth directions.Gateway – A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatiblecommunications protocols. Half Duplex - Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a singleline, but only one direction at a time.Hardware - Hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunica-tions, and other information technology devices. The term arose as a way to dis-tinguish the “box” and the electronic circuitry and components of a computerfrom the program you put in it to make it do things. The program came to beknown as the software.Hub - The device that serves as the central location for attaching wires fromworkstations. Can be passive, where there is no amplification of the signals; oractive, where the hubs are used like repeaters to provide an extension of thecable that connects to a workstation.HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol usedto connect to servers on the World Wide Web. Its primary function is to estab-lish a connection with a Web server and transmit HTML pages to the clientbrowser.IEEE - The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The IEEEdescribes itself as “the world's largest technical professional society—promot-ing the development and application of electrotechnology and allied sciencesfor the benefit of humanity, the advancement of the profession, and the well-being of our members.” The IEEE fosters the development of standards that often become national andinternational standards. The organization publishes a number of journals, hasmany local chapters, and has several large societies in special areas, such as theIEEE Computer Society. Infrastructure Network - An infrastructure network is a group of computersor other devices, each with a wireless adapter, connected as an 802.11 wirelessLAN. In infrastructure mode, the wireless devices communicate with eachother and to a wired network by first going through an access point. An infra-structure wireless network connected to a wired network is referred to as aBasic Service Set (BSS). A set of two or more BSS in a single network isreferred to as an Extended Service Set (ESS). Infrastructure mode is useful at
Wireless-G Broadband Router 101Instant Wireless®Series100resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area (forexample, within an office building). Latency - The time delay between when the first bit of a packet is received andthe last bit is forwarded.MAC Address - The MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique num-ber assigned by the manufacturer to any Ethernet networking device, such as anetwork adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level.Mbps (MegaBits Per Second) - One million bits per second; unit of measure-ment for data transmission.MD5 - A type of one-way authentication method that uses passwords. MD5authentication is not as secure as the EAP-TLS or EAP/TTLS authenticationmethods. MD5 authentication does not support dynamic WEP key manage-ment.MDI (Medium Dependent Interface) - On a network hub or switch, a MDIport, also known as an uplink port, connects to another hub or switch using astraight-through cable. To connect a MDI port to a computer, use a crossovercable.MDIX (Medium Dependent Interface Crossed) - On a network hub or switch,a MDIX port connects to a computer using a straight-through cable. To connecta MDIX port to another hub or switch, use a crossover cable.mIRC - mIRC runs under Windows and provides a graphical interface for log-ging onto IRC servers and listing, joining, and leaving channels.Motherboard - A motherboard is the physical arrangement in a computer thatcontains the computer’s basic circuitry and components. Multicasting - Sending data to a group of nodes instead of a single destination.NAT - NAT (Network Address Translation) is the translation of an InternetProtocol address (IP address) used within one network to a different IP addressknown within another network. One network is designated the inside networkand the other is the outside. NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface) - The transport layer forNetBIOS. NetBIOS and NetBEUI were originally part of a single protocolsuite that was later separated. NetBIOS sessions can be transported overNetBEUI, TCP/IP, and IPX/SPX protocols. a corporation scale, or when it is necessary to connect the wired and wirelessnetworks.IP Address - In the most widely installed level of the Internet Protocol (IP)today, an IP address is a 32-binary digit number that identifies each sender orreceiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. When yourequest an HTML page or send e-mail, the Internet Protocol part of TCP/IPincludes your IP address in the message (actually, in each of the packets if morethan one is required) and sends it to the IP address that is obtained by lookingup the domain name in the Uniform Resource Locator you requested or in thee-mail address you're sending a note to. At the other end, the recipient can seethe IP address of the Web page requestor or the e-mail sender and can respondby sending another message using the IP address it received. IPCONFIG - A utility that provides for querying, defining and managing IPaddresses within a network. A commonly used utility, under Windows NT and2000, for configuring networks with static IP addresses.IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) - A suite of protocols used to implementsecure exchange of packets at the IP layer. IPSec supports two basic modes:Transport and Tunnel. Transport encrypts the payload of each packet, leavingthe header untouched, while Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the pay-load and is therefore more secure. IPSec must be supported on both transmit-ter and receiver and must share a public key. Tunnel mode is widely deployedin VPNs (Virtual Private Networks).IRQ (Interrupt ReQuest) - A hardware interrupt on a PC. There are 16 IRQlines used to signal the CPU that a peripheral event has started or terminated.Except for PCI devices, two devices cannot use the same line. ISM band - The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have set asidebandwidth for unlicensed use in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical)band. Spectrum in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz, in particular, is being made avail-able worldwide. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place con-venient high-speed wireless capabilities in the hands of users around the globe.ISP - An ISP (Internet service provider) is a company that provides individualsand companies access to the Internet and other related services such as websitebuilding and virtual hosting. LAN - A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associateddevices that share a common communications line and typically share the
Wireless-G Broadband Router 103Instant Wireless®Series102DSSS. OFDM is a scheme in which numerous signals of different frequenciesare combined to form a single signal for transmission on the medium. OFDM works by breaking one high-speed data stream into a number of lower-speed data streams, which are then transmitted in parallel. Each lower speedstream is used to modulate a subcarrier. Essentially, this creates a multi-carriertransmission by dividing a wide frequency band or channel into a number ofnarrower frequency bands or sub-channels. OFDM is also used for other appli-cations, including powerline networking.Packet - A unit of data routed between an origin and a destination in a network.Packet Filtering - Discarding unwanted network traffic based on its originat-ing address or range of addresses or its type (e-mail, file transfer, etc.). Partitioning - To divide a resource or application into smaller pieces. Passphrase - Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEPencryption process by automatically generating the WEP encryption keys forLinksys products.PC Card - A credit-card sized removable module that contains memory, I/O,or a hard disk. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) - A peripheral bus commonly usedin PCs, Macintoshes and workstations. It was designed primarily by Intel andfirst appeared on PCs in late 1993. PCI provides a high-speed data pathbetween the CPU and peripheral devices (video, disk, network, etc.). There aretypically three or four PCI slots on the motherboard. In a Pentium PC, there isgenerally a mix of PCI and ISA slots or PCI and EISA slots. Early on, the PCIbus was known as a “local bus.”PCI provides “plug-and-play” capability, automatically configuring the PCIcards at startup. When PCI is used with the ISA bus, the only thing that is gen-erally required is to indicate in the CMOS memory which IRQs are already inuse by ISA cards. PCI takes care of the rest.PCI allows IRQs to be shared, which helps to solve the problem of limited IRQsavailable on a PC. For example, if there were only one IRQ left over after ISAdevices were given their required IRQs, all PCI devices could share it. In a PCI-only machine, there cannot be insufficient IRQs, as all can be shared.NetBIOS - The native networking protocol in DOS and Windows networks.Although originally combined with its transport layer protocol (NetBEUI),NetBIOS today provides a programming interface for applications at the ses-sion layer (layer 5). NetBIOS can ride over NetBEUI, its native transport,which is not routable, or over TCP/IP and IPX/SPX, which are routable proto-cols.NetBIOS computers are identified by a unique 15-character name, andWindows machines (NetBIOS machines) periodically broadcast their namesover the network so that Network Neighborhood can catalog them. For TCP/IPnetworks, NetBIOS names are turned into IP addresses via manual configura-tion in an LMHOSTS file or a WINS server.There are two NetBIOS modes. The Datagram mode is the fastest mode, butdoes not guarantee delivery. It uses a self-contained packet with send andreceive name, usually limited to 512 bytes. If the recipient device is not listen-ing for messages, the datagram is lost. The Session mode establishes a connec-tion until broken. It guarantees delivery of messages up to 64KB long. Network - A system that transmits any combination of voice, video, and/ordata between users. Network Mask - Also known as the “Subnet Mask.”NIC (Network Interface Card) - A board installed in a computer system, usu-ally a PC, to provide network communication capabilities to and from thatcomputer system. Also called an adapter.Node - A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or workstation.Notebook (PC) - A notebook computer is a battery-powered personal comput-er generally smaller than a briefcase that can easily be transported and conve-niently used in temporary spaces such as on airplanes, in libraries, at temporaryoffices, and at meetings. A notebook computer, sometimes called a laptop com-puter, typically weighs less than five pounds and is three inches or less in thick-ness. OFDM - Developed for wireless applications, Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) technology offers superior performance-increased datarates and more reliable transmissions-than previous technologies, such as
Wireless-G Broadband Router 105Instant Wireless®Series104service” for carrying PPP (a tunneling service is any network service enabledby tunneling protocols such as PPTP, L2F, L2TP, and IPSEC tunnel mode). One example of a tunneling service is secure access from a remote small office net-work to a headquarters corporate intranet via a Virtual Private Network (VPN)that traverses the Internet. However, tunneling services are not restricted tocorporate environments and may also be used for personal (i.e., non-business)applications.RIP (Routing Information Protocol) - A simple routing protocol that is part ofthe TCP/IP protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop countbetween source and destination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routine-ly broadcasts routing information to its neighboring routers.RJ-11 (Registered Jack-11) - A telephone connector that holds up to six wires.The RJ-11 is the common connector used to plug a telephone into a wall. RJ-45 - A connector similar to a telephone connector that holds up to eightwires, used for connecting Ethernet devices.Roaming - In an infrastructure mode wireless network, this refers to the abil-ity to move out of one access point's range and into another and transparentlyreassociate and reauthenticate to the new access point. This reassociation andreauthentication should occur without user intervention and ideally withoutinterruption to network connectivity. A typical scenario would be a locationwith multiple access points, where users can physically relocate from one area to another and easily maintain connectivity.Router - Protocol-dependent device that connects subnetworks together.Routers are useful in breaking down a very large network into smaller subnet-works; they introduce longer delays and typically have much lower throughputrates than bridges. RTS (Request To Send) - An RS-232 signal sent from the transmitting stationto the receiving station requesting permission to transmit. Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user accessto files, printing, communications, and other services. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - The standard e-mail protocol on theInternet. It is a TCP/IP protocol that defines the message format and the mes-sage transfer agent (MTA), which stores and forwards the mail.PCMCIA - The PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card InternationalAssociation) is an industry group organized in 1989 to promote standards for acredit card-size memory or I/O device that would fit into a personal computer,usually a notebook or laptop computer. Ping (Packet INternet Groper) - An Internet utility used to determine whethera particular IP address is online. It is used to test and debug a network by send-ing out a packet and waiting for a response.Plug-and-Play - The ability of a computer system to configure expansionboards and other devices automatically without requiring the user to turn offthe system during installation.POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) - A standard mail server commonly used on theInternet. It provides a message store that holds incoming e-mail until users logon and download it. POP3 is a simple system with little selectivity. All pendingmessages and attachments are downloaded at the same time. POP3 uses theSMTP messaging protocol.Port - A pathway into and out of the computer or a network device such as aswitch or router. For example, the serial and parallel ports on a personal com-puter are external sockets for plugging in communications lines, modems, andprinters. Port Mirroring - Port mirroring, also known as a roving analysis port, is amethod of monitoring network traffic that forwards a copy of each incomingand outgoing packet from one port of a network switch to another port wherethe packet can be studied. A network administrator uses port mirroring as adiagnostic tool or debugging feature, especially when fending off an attack. Itenables the administrator to keep close track of switch performance and alter itif necessary. Port mirroring can be managed locally or remotely. PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) - PPPoE is a method for theencapsulation of PPP packets over Ethernet frames from the user to the ISPover the Internet. One reason PPPoE is preferred by ISPs is because it providesauthentication (username and password) in addition to data transport. A PPPoEsession can be initiated by either a client application residing on a PC, or byclient firmware residing on a modem or router.PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - A protocol which allows thePoint to Point Protocol (PPP) to be tunneled through an IP network. PPTP doesnot specify any changes to the PPP protocol but rather describes a “tunneling
Wireless-G Broadband Router Subnet Mask - The method used for splitting IP networks into a series of sub-groups, or subnets. The mask is a binary pattern that is matched up with the IPaddress to turn part of the host ID address field into a field for subnets. Swapping - Replacing one segment of a program in memory with another andrestoring it back to the original when required. Switch – 1. A data switch connects computing devices to host computers,allowing a large number of devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. Adevice for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical cir-cuit.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A method (protocol) used along withthe IP (Internet Protocol) to send data in the form of message units (datagram)between network devices over a LAN or WAN. While IP takes care of handlingthe actual delivery of the data (routing), TCP takes care of keeping track of the individual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for effi-cient delivery over the network. TCP is known as a “connection oriented” pro-tocol due to requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment ofreceipt to the sender of the packet resulting in transmission control.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - The basic com-munication language or set of protocols for communications over a network(developed specifically for the Internet). TCP/IP defines a suite or group ofprotocols and not only TCP and IP.Telnet - A terminal emulation protocol commonly used on the Internet andTCP/IP-based networks. It allows a user at a terminal or computer to log ontoa remote device and run a program.TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocolthat has no directory or password capability.Throughput - The amount of data moved successfully from one place to anoth-er in a given time period.Topology - A network’s topology is a logical characterization of how thedevices on the network are connected and the distances between them. Themost common network devices include hubs, switches, routers, and gateways.Most large networks contain several levels of interconnection, the most impor-tant of which include edge connections, backbone connections, and wide-areaconnections.107Instant Wireless®Series106SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - A widely used networkmonitoring and control protocol. Data is passed from SNMP agents, which arehardware and/or software processes reporting activity in each network device(hub, router, bridge, etc.) to the workstation console used to oversee the net-work. The agents return information contained in a MIB (ManagementInformation Base), which is a data structure that defines what is obtainablefrom the device and what can be controlled (turned off, on, etc.).Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performsa particular task is called a “program.” The two major categories of software are“system software” and “application software.” System software is made up of control programs such as the operating system and database management sys-tem (DBMS). Application software is any program that processes data for theuser.A common misconception is that software is data. It is not. Software tells thehardware how to process the data.SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) - Market segment of professionals whowork at home or in small offices.Spread Spectrum - Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequen-cy technique developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-crit-ical communications systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiencyfor reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is con-sumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade off producesa signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that thereceiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast.If a receiver is not tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal lookslike background noise. There are two main alternatives, Direct SequenceSpread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).Static IP Address - A permanent IP address that is assigned to a node in aTCP/IP network. Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path. Static routingcannot adjust to changing line conditions as can dynamic routing. Storage - The semi-permanent or permanent holding place for digital data. STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) - Telephone wire that is wrapped in a metalsheath to eliminate external interference.
Wireless-G Broadband Router telephone (DSL) or cable systems, or through leased lines or satellites. In itsmost basic definition, the Internet could be considered a WAN.WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A data privacy mechanism based on a 64-bit or 128-bi shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11 standard.WINIPCFG - Configuration utility based on the Win32 API for querying,defining, and managing IP addresses within a network. A commonly used util-ity for configuring networks with static IP addresses.WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) - A group of computers and associat-ed devices that communicate with each other wirelessly.Workgroup - Two or more individuals that share files and databases. 109Instant Wireless®Series108TX Rate – Transmission Rate.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - A method (protocol) used along with the IP(Internet Protocol) to send data in the form of message units (datagram)between network devices over a LAN or WAN. While IP takes care of handlingthe actual delivery of the data (routing), UDP takes care of keeping track of theindividual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for effi-cient delivery over the network. UDP is known as a “connection-less” protocoldue to NOT requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment ofreceipt to the sender of the packet (as opposed to TCP).Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version. Upload - To send a file transmitted over a network. In a communications ses-sion, upload means transmit, and download means receive. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address that defines the route to a fileon the Web or any other Internet facility. URLs are typed into the browser toaccess Web pages, and URLs are embedded within the pages themselves to pro-vide the hypertext links to other pages.UTP - Unshielded twisted pair is the most common kind of copper telephonewiring. Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and manybusiness computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electro-magnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires aretwisted around each other. Each signal on twisted pair requires both wires.Since some telephone sets or desktop locations require multiple connections,twisted pair is sometimes installed in two or more pairs, all within a singlecable. VPN (Virtual Private Network) - A technique that allows two or more LANs tobe extended over public communication channels by creating private commu-nication subchannels (tunnels). Effectively, these LANs can use a WAN as asingle large “virtually private” LAN. This removes the need to use leased linesfor WAN communications through secure use of a publicly available WAN(such as the Internet). Examples of VPN technology are: PPTP (Point to PointTunneling Protocol), L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol), and IPSec (InternetProtocol Security).WAN (Wide Area Network) - A communications network that covers a rela-tively large geographic area, consisting of two or more LANs. Broadband com-munication over the WAN is often through public networks such as the
Wireless-G Broadband Router Dimensions 7.32" x 6.89" x 1.89"(186 mm x 175 mm x 48 mm)Unit Weight 17 oz. (0.482 kg)Power External, 5V DC, 2.5 ACertifications FCC Class B, CE MarkOperating Temp. 0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F)Storage Temp. -20°C to 70°C (-4°F to 158°F)Operating Humidity 10% to 85%, Non-CondensingStorage Humidity 5% to 90%, Non-Condensing111Instant Wireless®Series110EnvironmentalAppendix F:SpecificationsStandards IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u, IEEE 802.11b,Draft 802.11gPortsInternet: One 10/100 RJ-45 Port for Cable/DSL ModemLAN: Four 10/100 RJ-45 Switched PortsOne Power PortButton One Reset ButtonCabling Type Category 5 Ethernet Network Cabling or betterTransmit Power 15 dBm Modulation802.11b: CCK, DQPSK, DBPSKdraft 802.11g: OFDMNetwork ProtocolsTCP/IP,NetBEUILED Indicators Power, DMZ, DiagWLAN: Act, LinkLAN: Link/Act, Full/Col, 100Internet: Link/Act, Full/Col, 100
Wireless-G Broadband Router Appendix H:Contact InformationFor help with the installation or operation of the Wireless-G Broadband Router,contact Linksys Technical Support at one of the phone numbers or Internetaddresses below.Sales Information 800-546-5797 (1-800-LINKSYS)Technical Support 800-326-7114RMA (Return MerchandiseAuthorization) Issues www.linksys.com (or call 949-271-5461)Fax 949-265-6655E-mail support@linksys.comWeb site http://www.linksys.comFTP site ftp://ftp.linksys.com113Instant Wireless®Series112Appendix G:WarrantyInformationBE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE AND A BARCODEFROM THE PRODUCT'S PACKAGING ON HAND WHEN CALLING.RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OFPURCHASE. IN NO EVENT SHALL LINKSYS’S LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICEPAID FOR THE PRODUCT FROM DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCI-DENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THEUSE OF THE PRODUCT, ITS ACCOMPANYING SOFTWARE, OR ITSDOCUMENTATION. LINKSYS DOES NOT OFFER REFUNDS FOR ANYPRODUCT. LINKSYS OFFERS CROSS SHIPMENTS, A FASTER PROCESS FOR PRO-CESSING AND RECEIVING YOUR REPLACEMENT. LINKSYS PAYSFOR UPS GROUND ONLY. ALL CUSTOMERS LOCATED OUTSIDE OFTHE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND CANADA SHALL BE HELDRESPONSIBLE FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING CHARGES. PLEASECALL LINKSYS FOR MORE DETAILS.
Also Available: • Linksys High Gain Antenna for TNC Connectors (HGA7T)
© Copyright 2002 Linksys,All Rights Reserved.www.linksys.comFederal Communication Commission Interference StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:-Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.-Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.-Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from thatto which the receiver is connected.-Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.IMPORTANT NOTE:FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body.This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.Linksys declared that WRT54G V2 is limited in CH1~11 by specified firmware controlled in USA.

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