LINKSYS WAP55AGV2 Wireless A+G Access Point User Manual Book

LINKSYS LLC Wireless A+G Access Point Book

Users Manual 4

25Chapter 6: Configuring the Dual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Wireless Tab - Advanced Wireless SettingsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Wireless Tab - Advanced Wireless SettingsThis screen contains the advanced wireless settings. In most cases, these settings do not need to be changed.Wireless-A SettingsAuthentication Type. The default is set to Open System (Default) authentication, when the sender and the recipient do NOT use a WEP key for authentication. With Shared Key authentication, the sender and recipient use a WEP key for authentication.Transmission Rate. The rate of data transmission should be set depending on the speed of your wireless network. You can select from a range of transmission speeds, or you can select Auto (Default) to have the Access Point automatically use the fastest possible data rate and enable the Auto-Fallback feature. Auto-Fallback will negotiate the best possible connection speed between the Access Point and a wireless client. The default value is Auto (Default).Transmission Power. (Transmit Power Control (TPC)) The greater the transmission power used, the larger the area a wireless network covers. To minimize the likelihood of eavesdropping by unauthorized wireless users, do not use more transmission power than necessary to cover the range needed by your wireless network. Try using the Access Point at different levels of transmission power, and determine how much power is needed to reach the wireless client, such as a PC or access point, that is farthest from the Access Point. Then select the appropriate level, Full (Default), Half, Quarter, Eighth, or Min, from the drop-down menu. The default is Full (Default).Frame Burst Mode. Enabling this option should provide your network with greater performance, depending on the manufacturer of your wireless products. If you are not sure how to use this option, keep the default, Enabled (Default).Beacon Interval. The default value is 100. The Beacon Interval value indicates the frequency interval of the beacon. A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Access Point to synchronize the wireless network.DTIM Interval. This value indicates the interval of the Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM). A DTIM field is a countdown field informing clients of the next window for listening to broadcast and multicast messages. When the Access Point has buffered broadcast or multicast messages for associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. Its clients hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and multicast messages. The default value is 1.Fragmentation Threshold. This value specifies the maximum size for a packet before data is fragmented into multiple packets. If you experience a high packet error rate, you may slightly increase the Fragmentation Threshold. Setting the Fragmentation Threshold too low may result in poor network performance. Only minor reduction of the default value is recommended. In most cases, it should remain at its default value of 2346.Figure 6-9: Advanced Wirelessbeacon interval: data transmitted on your wireless network that keeps the network synchronized.dtim: a message included in data packets that can increase wireless efficiency.fragmentation: breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot support the original size of the packet. packet: a unit of data sent over a network
26Chapter 6: Configuring the Dual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Wireless Tab - Advanced Wireless SettingsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointRTS Threshold. Should you encounter inconsistent data flow, only minor reduction of the default value, 2346, is recommended. If a network packet is smaller than the preset RTS threshold size, the RTS/CTS mechanism will not be enabled. The Access Point sends Request to Send (RTS) frames to a particular receiving station and negotiates the sending of a data frame. After receiving an RTS, the wireless station responds with a Clear to Send (CTS) frame to acknowledge the right to begin transmission. The RTS Threshold value should remain at its default value of 2346.Wireless-G SettingsAuthentication Type. The default is set to Open System (Default) authentication, when the sender and the recipient do NOT use a WEP key for authentication. With Shared Key authentication, the sender and recipient use a WEP key for authentication.Basic Rate. The Basic Rate setting is not actually one rate of transmission but a series of rates at which the Access Point can transmit. The Access Point will advertise its Basic Rate to the other wireless devices in your network, so they know which rates will be used. The Access Point will also advertise that it will automatically select the best rate for transmission. The default setting is Default, when the Access Point can transmit at all standard wireless rates (1-2Mbps, 5.5Mbps, 11Mbps, 18Mbps, and 24Mbps). Other options are 1-2Mbps, for use with older wireless technology, and All, when the Access Point can transmit at all wireless rates. The Basic Rate is not the actual rate of data transmission. If you want to specify the Access Point’s rate of data transmission, configure the Transmission Rate setting.Transmission Rate. The rate of data transmission should be set depending on the speed of your wireless network. You can select from a range of transmission speeds, or you can select Auto (Default) to have the Access Point automatically use the fastest possible data rate and enable the Auto-Fallback feature. Auto-Fallback will negotiate the best possible connection speed between the Access Point and a wireless client. The default value is Auto (Default).Transmission Power. (Transmit Power Control (TPC)) The greater the transmission power used, the larger the area a wireless network covers. To minimize the likelihood of eavesdropping by unauthorized wireless users, do not use more transmission power than necessary to cover the range needed by your wireless network. Try using the Access Point at different levels of transmission power, and determine how much power is needed to reach the wireless client, such as a PC or access point, that is farthest from the Access Point. Then select the appropriate level, Full (Default), Half, Quarter, Eighth, or Min, from the drop-down menu. The default is Full (Default).CTS Protection Mode. CTS (Clear-To-Send) Protection Mode should be set to Auto (Default). The Access Point will automatically use CTS Protection Mode when your Wireless-G products are experiencing severe problems and are not able to transmit to the Access Point in an environment with heavy 802.11b traffic. This function boosts the Access Point’s ability to catch all Wireless-G transmissions but will severely decrease performance. If you do not want to use CTS Protection Mode at all, select Disabled.cts (clear to send): a signal sent by a wireless device, signifying that it is ready to receive data.rts (request to send): a networking method of coordinating large packets through the RTS Threshold setting.
27Chapter 6: Configuring the Dual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Wireless Tab - Advanced Wireless SettingsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointFrame Burst Mode. Enabling this option should provide your network with greater performance, depending on the manufacturer of your wireless products. If you are not sure how to use this option, keep the default, Enabled.Beacon Interval. The default value is 100. The Beacon Interval value indicates the frequency interval of the beacon. A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Access Point to synchronize the wireless network.DTIM Interval. This value indicates the interval of the Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM). A DTIM field is a countdown field informing clients of the next window for listening to broadcast and multicast messages. When the Access Point has buffered broadcast or multicast messages for associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. Its clients hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and multicast messages. The default value is 1.Fragmentation Threshold. This value specifies the maximum size for a packet before data is fragmented into multiple packets. If you experience a high packet error rate, you may slightly increase the Fragmentation Threshold. Setting the Fragmentation Threshold too low may result in poor network performance. Only minor reduction of the default value is recommended. In most cases, it should remain at its default value of 2346.RTS Threshold. Should you encounter inconsistent data flow, only minor reduction of the default value, 2347, is recommended. If a network packet is smaller than the preset RTS threshold size, the RTS/CTS mechanism will not be enabled. The Access Point sends Request to Send (RTS) frames to a particular receiving station and negotiates the sending of a data frame. After receiving an RTS, the wireless station responds with a Clear to Send (CTS) frame to acknowledge the right to begin transmission. The RTS Threshold value should remain at its default value of 2347.Change these settings as described here and click the Save Settings button to apply your changes or Cancel Changes to cancel your changes. Help information is shown on the right-hand side of the screen. For additional information, click More.dtim: a message included in data packets that can increase wireless efficiencyfragmentation: breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a networkbeacon internal: data transmitted on your wireless network that keeps the network synchronizedpacket: a unit of data sent over a networkrts (request to send): a networking method of coordinating large packets through the RTS Threshold setting.
28Chapter 6: Configuring the Dual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Administration Tab - PasswordDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Administration Tab - PasswordThe Password screen allows you to change the Access Point's password and Backup & Restore settings.Changing the sign-on password for the Access Point is as easy as typing the password into the AP Password field. Then, type it again into the second field to confirm.To back up your Access Point configuration, click the Backup Settings button. To restore the backed-up configuration, click the Restore Settings button.Change these settings as described here and click the Save Settings button to apply your changes or Cancel Changes to cancel your changes. Help information is shown on the right-hand side of the screen. For additional information, click More.The Administration Tab - LogThe Access Point can keep logs of wireless activity. To disable the Log function, keep the default setting, Disabled. To monitor wireless activity, select Enabled.Logviewer IP Address. For a permanent record of the Access Point’s wireless activities, Logviewer software must be used. This software can be downloaded from the Linksys website, www.linksys.com. The Log viewer saves all wireless activities in a permanent file on your PC’s hard drive. In the Logviewer IP Address field, enter the fixed IP address of the PC running the Log viewer software. The Access Point will now send updated logs to that PC.View Log. When you wish to view the logs, click View Log.Change these settings as described here and click the Save Settings button to apply your changes or Cancel Changes to cancel your changes. Help information is shown on the right-hand side of the screen. For additional information, click More.Figure 6-11: LogFigure 6-10: Password
29Chapter 6: Configuring the Dual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Administration Tab - Factory DefaultsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Administration Tab - Factory DefaultsThis screen allows you to restore the Access Point’s configuration to its factory default settings.Factory DefaultsRestore Factory Defaults. Click this button to reset all configuration settings to their default values. Any settings you have saved will be lost when the default settings are restored.Help information is shown on the right-hand side of the screen.The Administration Tab - Firmware UpgradeThis screen allows you to upgrade the Access Point’s firmware. Do not upgrade the firmware unless you are experiencing problems with the Access Point or the new firmware has a feature you want to use.Firmware UpgradeBefore upgrading the firmware, download the Access Point’s firmware upgrade file from the Linksys website, www.linksys.com. Then extract the file.Please select a file to upgrade. In the field provided, enter the name of the extracted firmware upgrade file, or click the Browse button to find this file.Start to Upgrade. After you have selected the appropriate file, click this button, and follow the on-screen instructions.Help information is shown on the right-hand side of the screen.Figure 6-12: Factory DefaultsFigure 6-13: Firmware Upgradefirmware: the programming code that runs a networking devicedownload: to receive a file transmitted over a networkupgrade: to replace existing software or firmware with a newer versionNote: Do not restore the factory defaults unless you are having difficulties with the Access Point and have exhausted all other troubleshooting measures. Once the Access Point is reset, you will have to re-enter all of your configuration settings.
30Chapter 6: Configuring the Dual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Status Tab - Local NetworkDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Status Tab - Local NetworkThe Status tab displays the current status of the Access Point’s local network.AP’s InformationFirmware Version. This is the version of the Access Point’s current firmware.Local NetworkMAC Address. This is the Access Point’s Ethernet MAC Address.Configuration Type. This displays the Access Point’s network configuration type. AP’s IP Address. This shows the Access Point’s IP Address.Subnet Mask. This shows the Access Point’s Subnet Mask.Default Gateway. This shows the Access Point’s Default Gateway.Figure 6-14: Status - Local NetworkFigure 6-15: Status - Wireless Networkmac address: the unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking device
31Chapter 6: Configuring the Dual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Status Tab - WirelessDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointThe Status Tab - WirelessThe Wireless screen on the Status Tab displays the status of your Wireless-A and/or Wireless-G networks.Wireless-A NetworkMAC Address. This is the Access Point’s Wireless-A network MAC address.Mode. This displays the status of the Access Point’s Wireless-A networking mode.Turbo Mode. This displays the status of the Access Point’s Wireless-A networking turbo mode.Network Name (SSID). This displays the wireless network name or SSID of your Wireless-A network.Channel. This displays the channel being used on your Wireless-A network.Security. The encryption method being used on your Wireless-A network is displayed here.SSID Broadcast. This displays the status of the Access Point’s SSID Broadcast feature.Wireless-G NetworkMAC Address. This is the Access Point’s Wireless-G network MAC address.Mode. This displays the status of the Access Point’s Wireless-G networking mode.Network Name (SSID). This displays the wireless network name or SSID of your Wireless-G network.Channel. This displays the channel being used on your Wireless-G network.Security. The encryption method being used on your Wireless-G network is displayed here.SSID Broadcast. This displays the status of the Access Point’s SSID Broadcast feature.
32Appendix A: TroubleshootingFrequently Asked QuestionsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointAppendix A: TroubleshootingThis appendix provides solutions to problems that may occur during the installation and operation of the Dual-Band Wireless A + G Access Point. Read the description below to solve your problems. If you can't find an answer here, check the Linksys website at www.linksys.com.Frequently Asked QuestionsCan the Access Point act as my DHCP Server?No. The Access Point is nothing more than a wireless hub, and as such cannot be configured to handle DHCP capabilities.Can I run an application from a remote computer over the wireless network?This will depend on whether or not the application is designed to be used over a network. Consult the application’s user guide to determine if it supports operation over a network.Can I play multiplayer games with other users of the wireless network?Yes, as long as the game supports multiple players over a LAN (local area network). Refer to the game’s user guide for more information.What IEEE 802.11b features are supported?The product supports the following IEEE 802.11 functions: •CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge protocol •Multi-Channel Roaming •Automatic Rate Selection •RTS/CTS feature •Fragmentation •Power Management What is Ad-hoc? An Ad-hoc wireless LAN is a group of computers, each with a WLAN adapter, connected as an independent wireless LAN. An Ad-hoc wireless LAN is applicable at a departmental scale for a branch or SOHO operation.What is Infrastructure?An integrated wireless and wired LAN is called an Infrastructure configuration. Infrastructure is applicable to enterprise scale for wireless access to a central database, or wireless application for mobile workers.
33Appendix A: TroubleshootingFrequently Asked QuestionsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointWhat is Roaming?Roaming is the ability of a portable computer user to communicate continuously while moving freely throughout an area greater than that covered by a single Access Point. Before using the roaming function, the workstation must make sure that it is the same channel number as the Access Point of the dedicated coverage area. To achieve true seamless connectivity, the wireless LAN must incorporate a number of different functions. Each node and Access Point, for example, must always acknowledge receipt of each message. Each node must maintain contact with the wireless network even when not actually transmitting data. Achieving these functions simultaneously requires a dynamic RF networking technology that links Access Points and nodes. In such a system, the user’s end node undertakes a search for the best possible access to the system. First, it evaluates such factors as signal strength and quality, as well as the message load currently being carried by each Access Point and the distance of each Access Point to the wired backbone. Based on that information, the node next selects the right Access Point and registers its address. Communications between end node and host computer can then be transmitted up and down the backbone.As the user moves on, the end node’s RF transmitter regularly checks the system to determine whether it is in touch with the original Access Point or whether it should seek a new one. When a node no longer receives acknowledgment from its original Access Point, it undertakes a new search. Upon finding a new Access Point, it then re-registers, and the communication process continues.What is ISM band?The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have set aside bandwidth for unlicensed use in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. Spectrum in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz, in particular, is being made available worldwide. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place convenient high speed wireless capabilities in the hands of users around the globe. What is Spread Spectrum?Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-critical communications systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is consumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade-off produces a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is not tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background noise. There are two main alternatives, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).
34Appendix A: TroubleshootingFrequently Asked QuestionsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointWhat is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences?Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that changes frequency in a pattern that is known to both transmitter and receiver. Properly synchronized, the net effect is to maintain a single logical channel. To an unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). The longer the chip, the greater the probability that the original data can be recovered. Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded in the radio can recover the original data without the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appears as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband receivers. Would the information be intercepted while transmitting on air?WLAN features two-fold protection in security. On the hardware side, as with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum technology, it has the inherent security feature of scrambling. On the software side, the WLAN series offers the encryption function (WEP) to enhance security and access control. Users can set it up depending upon their needs.Can Linksys Wireless products support file and printer sharing?Linksys Wireless products perform the same function as LAN products. Therefore, Linksys Wireless products can work with Netware, Windows NT/2000, or other LAN operating systems to support printer or file sharing.What is WEP?WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism based on a 40-bit shared-key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11 standard. What is a MAC Address? The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique number assigned by the manufacturer to any Ethernet networking device, such as a network adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level. For all practical purposes, this number is usually permanent. Unlike IP addresses, which can change every time a computer logs on to the network, the MAC address of a device stays the same, making it a valuable identifier for the network.How do I avoid interference?Using multiple Access Points on the same channel and in close proximity to one another will generate interference. When employing multiple Access Points, be sure to operate each one on a different channel (frequency).How do I reset the Access Point?Press the Reset button on the back of the Access Point for about ten seconds. This will reset the unit to its default settings.
35Appendix A: TroubleshootingFrequently Asked QuestionsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointHow do I resolve issues with signal loss?There is no way to know the exact range of your wireless network without testing. Every obstacle placed between an Access Point and wireless PC will create signal loss. Leaded glass, metal, concrete floors, water and walls will inhibit the signal and reduce range. Start with your Access Point and your wireless PC in the same room and move it away in small increments to determine the maximum range in your environment. You may also try using different channels, as this may eliminate interference affecting only one channel. Also, due to FCC regulations, more power may be transmitted, using 802.11a, on channels 52, 56, 60 and 64, than on the lower channels. Lastly, check the Advanced tab of the Web-Based Utility and make sure that FULL is selected in the Transmission Rate field.Does the Access Point function as a firewall?No. The Access Point is only a bridge from wired Ethernet to wireless clients. I have excellent signal strength, but I cannot see my network. WEP is probably enabled on the Access Point, but not on your wireless adapter (or vice versa). Verify that the same WEP Keys and levels (64 or 128) are being used on all nodes on your wireless network. What is the maximum number of users the Access Point facilitates?No more than 65, but this depends on the volume of data and may be less if many users create a large amount of network traffic. How many channels/frequencies are available with the Access Point?Using 802.11b or draft 802.11g, there are eleven available channels, ranging from 1 to 11.
36Appendix B: Wireless SecuritySecurity PrecautionsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointAppendix B: Wireless SecurityLinksys wants to make wireless networking as safe and easy for you as possible. The current generation of Linksys products provide several network security features, but they require specific action on your part for implementation. So, keep the following in mind whenever you are setting up or using your wireless network.Security PrecautionsThe following is a complete list of security precautions to take (as shown in this User Guide) (at least steps 1 through 5 should be followed):1. Change the default SSID. 2. Disable SSID Broadcast. 3. Change the default password for the Administrator account. 4. Enable MAC Address Filtering. 5. Change the SSID periodically. 6. Use the highest encryption algorithm possible. Use WPA if it is available. Please note that this may reduce your network performance. 7. Change the WEP encryption keys periodically. To ensure network security, steps one through five should be followed, at least.Security Threats Facing Wireless Networks Wireless networks are easy to find. Hackers know that in order to join a wireless network, wireless networking products first listen for “beacon messages”. These messages can be easily decrypted and contain much of the network’s information, such as the network’s SSID (Service Set Identifier). Here are the steps you can take:Change the administrator’s password regularly. With every wireless networking device you use, keep in mind that network settings (SSID, WEP keys, etc.) are stored in its firmware. Your network administrator is the only person who can change network settings. If a hacker gets a hold of the administrator’s password, he, too, can change those settings. So, make it harder for a hacker to get that information. Change the administrator’s password regularly.Note: Some of these security features are available only through the network router or access point. Refer to the router or access point’s documentation for more information.
37Appendix B: Wireless SecuritySecurity Threats Facing Wireless NetworksDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointSSID. There are several things to keep in mind about the SSID: 1. Disable Broadcast 2. Make it unique 3. Change it often Most wireless networking devices will give you the option of broadcasting the SSID. While this option may be more convenient, it allows anyone to log into your wireless network. This includes hackers. So, don’t broadcast the SSID.Wireless networking products come with a default SSID set by the factory. (The Linksys default SSID is “linksys”.) Hackers know these defaults and can check these against your network. Change your SSID to something unique and not something related to your company or the networking products you use.Change your SSID regularly so that any hackers who have gained access to your wireless network will have to start from the beginning in trying to break in.MAC Addresses. Enable MAC Address filtering. MAC Address filtering will allow you to provide access to only those wireless nodes with certain MAC Addresses. This makes it harder for a hacker to access your network with a random MAC Address. WEP Encryption. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is often looked upon as a cure-all for wireless security concerns. This is overstating WEP’s ability. Again, this can only provide enough security to make a hacker’s job more difficult.There are several ways that WEP can be maximized:1. Use the highest level of encryption possible 2. Use “Shared Key” authentication3. Change your WEP key regularly WPA. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is the newest and best available standard in Wi-Fi security. Two modes are available: Pre-Shared Key and RADIUS. Pre-Shared Key gives you a choice of two encryption methods: TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol), which utilizes a stronger encryption method and incorporates Message Integrity Code (MIC) to provide protection against hackers, and AES (Advanced Encryption System), which utilizes a symmetric 128-Bit block data encryption. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) utilizes a RADIUS server for authentication and the use of dynamic TKIP, AES, or WEP. Important: Always remember that each device in your wireless network MUST use the same encryption method and encryption key or your wireless network will not function properly.
38Appendix B: Wireless SecuritySecurity Threats Facing Wireless NetworksDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointWPA Pre-Shared Key. If you do not have a RADIUS server, select the type of algorithm, TKIP or AES, enter a password in the Pre-Shared key field of 8-64 characters, and enter a Group Key Renewal period time between 0 and 99,999 seconds, which instructs the Access Point or other device how often it should change the encryption keys.WPA RADIUS. WPA used in coordination with a RADIUS server. (This should only be used when a RADIUS server is connected to the Access Point or other device.) First, select the type of WPA algorithm, TKIP or AES. Enter the RADIUS server’s IP Address and port number, along with a key shared between the device and the server. Last, enter a Group Key Renewal period, which instructs the device how often it should change the encryption keys.RADIUS. WEP used in coordination with a RADIUS server. (This should only be used when a RADIUS server is connected to the Access Point or other device.) First, enter the RADIUS server’s IP Address and port number, along with a key shared between the device and the server. Then, select a WEP key and a level of WEP encryption, and either generate a WEP key through the Passphrase or enter the WEP key manually.Implementing encryption may have a negative impact on your network’s performance, but if you are transmitting sensitive data over your network, encryption should be used. These security recommendations should help keep your mind at ease while you are enjoying the most flexible and convenient technology Linksys has to offer.
39Appendix C: Upgrading FirmwareDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointAppendix C: Upgrading FirmwareThe Access Point's firmware is upgraded through the Web-Utility's Help tab. Follow these instructions:1. Before upgrading the firmware, download the Access Point’s firmware upgrade file from the Linksys website, www.linksys.com. Then extract the file.2. In the Please select a file to upgrade field provided, enter the name of the extracted firmware upgrade file, or click the Browse button to find this file.3. After you have selected the appropriate file, click the Start to Upgrade button, and follow the on-screen instructions.Figure C-1: Upgrade Firmware
40Appendix D: Windows HelpDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointAppendix D: Windows HelpAll wireless products require Microsoft Windows. Windows is the most used operating system in the world and comes with many features that help make networking easier. These features can be accessed through Windows Help and are described in this appendix.TCP/IPBefore a computer can communicate with the Access Point, TCP/IP must be enabled. TCP/IP is a set of instructions, or protocol, all PCs follow to communicate over a network. This is true for wireless networks as well. Your PCs will not be able to utilize wireless networking without having TCP/IP enabled. Windows Help provides complete instructions on enabling TCP/IP.Shared ResourcesIf you wish to share printers, folder, or files over your network, Windows Help provides complete instructions on utilizing shared resources.Network Neighborhood/My Network PlacesOther PCs on your network will appear under Network Neighborhood or My Network Places (depending upon the version of Windows you're running). Windows Help provides complete instructions on adding PCs to your network.
41Appendix E: GlossaryDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointAppendix E: Glossary802.11b - An IEEE wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 11Mbps and an operating frequency of 2.4GHz.802.11g - An IEEE wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps, an operating frequency of 2.4GHz, and backward compatibility with 802.11b devices.Adapter - This is a device that adds network functionality to your PC.Ad-hoc - A group of wireless devices communicating directly with each other (peer-to-peer) without the use of an access point.Backbone - The part of a network that connects most of the systems and networks together, and handles the most data.Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given device or network.Beacon Interval - Data transmitted on your wireless network that keeps the network synchronized.Bit - A binary digit.Browser - An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) - A method of data transfer that is used to prevent data collisions.CTS (Clear To Send) - A signal sent by a wireless device, signifying that it is ready to receive data.Database - A collection of data that is organized so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed, and updated.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A networking protocol that allows administrators to assign temporary IP addresses to network computers by "leasing" an IP address to a user for a limited amount of time, instead of assigning permanent IP addresses.Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network.
42Appendix E: GlossaryDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointDSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum) - Frequency transmission with a redundant bit pattern resulting in a lower probability of information being lost in transit.DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) - A message included in data packets that can increase wireless efficiency.Encryption - Encoding data transmitted in a network. Ethernet - IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common transmission medium.Firmware - The programming code that runs a networking device.Fragmentation -Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot support the original size of the packet. Gateway - A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communications protocols. Hardware - The physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other information technology devices.IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - An independent institute that develops networking standards.Infrastructure - A wireless network that is bridged to a wired network via an access point.IP (Internet Protocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.IP Address - The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.ISM band - Radio bandwidth utilized in wireless transmissions.ISP (Internet Service Provider) - A company that provides access to the Internet. LAN - The computers and networking products that make up your local network.MAC (Media Access Control) Address - The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking device. Network - A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or transmission between users.Node - A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.
43Appendix E: GlossaryDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointPacket - A unit of data sent over a network.Passphrase - Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEP encryption process by automatically generating the WEP encryption keys for Linksys products.Port - The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in cables or adapters. Roaming - The ability to take a wireless device from one access point's range to another without losing the connection.Router - A networking device that connects multiple networks together.RTS (Request To Send) - A networking method of coordinating large packets through the RTS Threshold setting.Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications, and other services. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a "program".SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) - Market segment of professionals who work at home or in small offices.Spread Spectrum - Wideband radio frequency technique used for more reliable and secure data transmission.SSID (Service Set IDentifier) - Your wireless network's name.Static IP Address - A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.Subnet Mask - An address code that determines the size of the network.Switch - 1. A data switch that connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a large number of devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requires acknowledgement from the recipient of data sent.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - A set of instructions PCs use to communicate over a network.
44Appendix E: GlossaryDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointTKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) - a wireless encryption protocol that provides dynamic encryption keys for each packet transmitted.Topology - The physical layout of a network.Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A method of encrypting network data transmitted on a wireless network for greater security.WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) - a wireless security protocol using TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) encryption, which can be used in conjunction with a RADIUS server.
45Appendix F: SpecificationsDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointAppendix F: SpecificationsStandards IEEE 802.11a, IEEE802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3uPorts/Buttons One 10/100 RJ-45 Port (Auto MDI/MDI-X)One Reset ButtonCabling Type UTP CAT 5 or betterLEDs Power, Ethernet, Wireless-A: WLAN, Wireless-G: WLANSecurity features MAC address filtering, WEP EncryptionWEP key bits 64/128/152-bitPower External, 5V DCDimensions 7.32" x 1.89" x 6.89"(L x W x H) (186 mm x 48 mm x 175 mm)Unit Weight 13.05 oz. (0.37 kg)Certifications FCCOperating Temp. 0ºC to 40ºC (32ºF to 104ºF)Storage Temp. -20ºC to 70ºC (-4ºF to 158ºF) Operating Humidity 10% to 85% Non-CondensingStorage Humidity 5% to 90% Non-CondensingWarranty 3-Year Limited
46Appendix G: Warranty InformationDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointAppendix G: Warranty InformationLIMITED WARRANTYLinksys warrants to You that, for a period of three years (the “Warranty Period”), your Linksys Product will be substantially free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use. Your exclusive remedy and Linksys' entire liability under this warranty will be for Linksys at its option to repair or replace the Product or refund Your purchase price less any rebates. This limited warranty extends only to the original purchaser. If the Product proves defective during the Warranty Period call Linksys Technical Support in order to obtain a Return Authorization Number, if applicable. BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE ON HAND WHEN CALLING. If You are requested to return the Product, mark the Return Authorization Number clearly on the outside of the package and include a copy of your original proof of purchase. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE. You are responsible for shipping defective Products to Linksys. Linksys pays for UPS Ground shipping from Linksys back to You only. Customers located outside of the United States of America and Canada are responsible for all shipping and handling charges. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THE WARRANTY PERIOD. ALL OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED. Some jurisdictions do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply to You. This warranty gives You specific legal rights, and You may also have other rights which vary by jurisdiction.This warranty does not apply if the Product (a) has been altered, except by Linksys, (b) has not been installed, operated, repaired, or maintained in accordance with instructions supplied by Linksys, or (c) has been subjected to abnormal physical or electrical stress, misuse, negligence, or accident. In addition, due to the continual development of new techniques for intruding upon and attacking networks, Linksys does not warrant that the Product will be free of vulnerability to intrusion or attack.TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LINKSYS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST DATA, REVENUE OR PROFIT, OR FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT (INCLUDING ANY SOFTWARE), EVEN IF LINKSYS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT WILL LINKSYS’ LIABILITY EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT. The foregoing limitations will apply even if any warranty or remedy provided under this Agreement fails of its essential purpose. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to You.Please direct all inquiries to: Linksys, P.O. Box 18558, Irvine, CA 92623.
47Appendix H: Regulatory InformationDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointAppendix H: Regulatory InformationFCC STATEMENTThis product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:Reorient or relocate the receiving antennaIncrease the separation between the equipment or devicesConnect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver'sConsult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistanceFCC Radiation Exposure StatementThis equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator and your body.INDUSTRY CANADA (CANADA)EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY (EUROPE)Linksys declares that the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway conforms to the specifications listed below, following the provisions of the European R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC: EN 301 489-1, 301 489-17 General EMC requirements for Radio equipment.EN 609 50 SafetyThis device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.For operation within 5.15 ~ 5.25GHz frequency range, it is restricted to indoor environment, and the antenna of this device must be integral.This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.To prevent radio interference to the licensed service (i.e. co-channel Mobile Satellite systems) this device is intended to be operated indoors and away from windows to provide maximum shielding. Equipment (or its transmit antenna) that is installed outdoors is subject to licensing. Because high power radars are allocated as primary users (meaning they have priority) in 5250-5350 MHz, these radars could cause interference and/or damage to license exempt LAN devices.Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1) This device may not cause interference and2) This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
48Appendix H: Regulatory InformationDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointEN 300-328-1, EN 300-328-2 Technical requirements for Radio equipment.Caution: This equipment is intended to be used in all EU and EFTA countries. Outdoor use may be restricted to certain frequencies and/or may require a license for operation. Contact local Authority for procedure to follow.Note: Combinations of power levels and antennas resulting in a radiated power level of above 100 mW equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) are considered as not compliant with the above mentioned directive and are not allowed for use within the European community and countries that have adopted the European R&TTE directive 1999/5/EC. For more details on legal combinations of power levels and antennas, contact Linksys Corporate Compliance.Linksys vakuuttaa täten että Wireless-G ADSL Gateway tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien näiden direktiivien muiden ehtojen mukainen.Linksys Group déclare la Passerelle ADSL sans fil-G est conforme aux conditions essentielles et aux dispositions relatives à la directive 1999/5/EC.Belgique:Dans le cas d'une utilisation privée, à l'extérieur d'un bâtiment, au-dessus d'un espace public, aucun enregistrement n'est nécessaire pour une distance de moins de 300m. Pour une distance supérieure à 300m un enregistrement auprès de l'IBPT est requise. Pour une utilisation publique à l'extérieur de bâtiments, une licence de l'IBPT est requise. Pour les enregistrements et licences, veuillez contacter l'IBPT.France: 2.4 GHz Bande : les canaux 10, 11, 12, 13 (2457, 2462, 2467, et 2472 MHz respectivement) sont complétement libres d'utilisation en France (en utilisation intérieur). Pour ce qui est des autres canaux, ils peuvent être soumis à autorisation selon le départment. L'utilisation en extérieur est soumis à autorisation préalable et très restreint. Vous pouvez contacter l'Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications (http://www.art-telecom.fr) pour de plus amples renseignements.SAFETY NOTICESCaution: To reduce the risk of fire, use only No.26 AWG or larger telecommunication line cord.Do not use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.Avoid using this product during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
49Appendix I: Contact InformationDual-Band Wireless A + G Access PointAppendix I: Contact InformationNeed to contact Linksys?Visit us online for information on the latest products and updates to your existing products at: http://www.linksys.com or ftp.linksys.comCan't find information about a product you want to buyon the web? Do you want to know more about networkingwith Linksys products? Give our advice line a call at: 800-546-5797 (LINKSYS)Or fax your request in to: 949-823-3002If you experience problems with any Linksys product,you can call us at: 800-326-7114Don't wish to call? You can e-mail us at: support@linksys.comIf any Linksys product proves defective during its warranty period,you can call the Linksys Return Merchandise Authorizationdepartment for obtaining a Return Authorization Number at: 949-823-3000(Details on Warranty and RMA issues can be found in the WarrantyInformation section in this Guide.)

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