Loopcomm Technology LP-7316H Outdoor 802.11n Wireless AP Router (1T1R) User Manual 1

Loopcomm Technology,.Inc. Outdoor 802.11n Wireless AP Router (1T1R) 1

Users Manual

2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual USER MANUAL 1.0.0 © 2010   - 1 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Table of Contents 1.  Terminology..........................................................................................................5 2.  Introduction..........................................................................................................7 2.1  Package contents....................................................................................7 2.2  Product Features.....................................................................................7 2.3  Front Panel Description .........................................................................8 2.4  Rear Panel Description ..........................................................................9 3.  Installation..........................................................................................................10 3.1  Hardware Installation...........................................................................10 3.1.1 Appearance and Interface Introduction...............................................10 3.1.2 Hardware installation steps.................................................................12 3.2  Software Installation ............................................................................14 4.  Software configuration......................................................................................14 4.1  Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router .............15 4.2  Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router...........................................16 4.3  Management and configuration on the Outdoor Router ......................16 4.3.1  Wizard..........................................................................................16 4.3.2  Operation Mode ...........................................................................23 4.3.3  Internet Settings ...........................................................................24 4.3.3.1  WA N .....................................................................................24 4.3.3.2  LAN ......................................................................................29 4.3.3.3  DHCP clients.........................................................................30 4.3.3.4  VPN Passthrough..................................................................30 4.3.4  Wireless Settings..........................................................................31 4.3.4.1  Basic......................................................................................31 4.3.4.2  Advanced ..............................................................................32 4.3.4.3  Security .................................................................................34 4.3.4.4  WDS......................................................................................37 4.3.4.5  WPS ......................................................................................41 4.3.5  Firewall ........................................................................................42 4.3.5.1  MAC/IP/Port Filtering ..........................................................42 - 2 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.5.2  Port Forwarding ....................................................................43 4.3.5.3  DMZ......................................................................................45 4.3.5.4  System Security ....................................................................46 4.3.5.5  4.4.5.5 Content Filtering .......................................................46 4.3.6  Administration .............................................................................48 4.3.6.1  Management..........................................................................48 4.3.6.2  Upload Firmware ..................................................................49 4.3.6.3  Settings Management............................................................50 4.3.6.4  Status.....................................................................................51 4.3.6.5  System Log ...........................................................................51 4.4  Configuration Examples ......................................................................52 4.4.1  Example one – PPPoE on the WAN ............................................52 4.4.2  Example two – fixed IP on the WAN...........................................54 4.4.3  Example three –set WLAN to be WAN as WiFi Client...............56 5.  FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)................................................59 5.1  What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?........................59 5.2  What is Wireless LAN? .......................................................................59 5.3  What are ISM bands?...........................................................................59 5.4  How does wireless networking work? .................................................59 5.5  What is BSSID? ...................................................................................60 5.6  What is ESSID? ...................................................................................60 5.7  What are potential factors that may causes interference?....................60 5.8  What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications? .............60 5.9  What is WEP? ......................................................................................60 5.10  What is Fragment Threshold?..............................................................61 5.11  What is RTS (Request to Send) Threshold?.........................................61 5.12  What is Beacon Interval?.....................................................................61 5.13  What is Preamble Type? ......................................................................61 5.14  What is SSID Broadcast?.....................................................................61 5.15  What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?.............................................62 5.16  What is WPA2? ....................................................................................62 5.17  What is 802.1x Authentication?...........................................................62 5.18  What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?..............................62 - 3 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 5.19  What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)? .................................62 5.20  What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)?......................................62 5.21  What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)?...................................62 5.22  What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?...........................................62 5.23  What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size?...........................63 5.24  What is Clone MAC Address?.............................................................63 5.25  What is DDNS?....................................................................................63 5.26  What is NTP Client? ............................................................................63 5.27  What is VPN? ......................................................................................63 5.28  What is IPSEC?....................................................................................63 5.29  What is WLAN Block Relay between Clients?...................................63 5.30  What is WMM?....................................................................................63 5.31  What is WLAN ACK TIMEOUT? ......................................................63 5.32  What is Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)? .....................................63 5.33  What is Frame Aggregation? ...............................................................64 5.34  What is Guard Intervals (GI)?..............................................................64  - 4 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 1. Terminology 3DES    Triple Data Encryption Standard   AES   Advanced Encryption Standard   ANSI    American National Standards Institute   AP   Access Point   CCK    Complementary Code Keying   CSMA/CA   Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance   CSMA/CD    Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection   DDNS   Dynamic Domain Name Server   DH   Diffie-Hellman Algorithm  DHCP   Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol   DSSS    Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum   EAP   Extensible Authentication Protocol   ESP   Encapsulating Security Payload  FCC   Federal Communications Commission   FTP    File Transfer Protocol   IEEE   Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers   IKE   Internet Key Exchange  IP   Internet Protocol   ISM    Industrial, Scientific and Medical   LAN   Local Area Network   MAC   Media Access Control  MD5   Message Digest 5   NAT   Network Address Translation  NT   Network Termination   NTP    Network Time Protocol   PPTP   Point to Point Tunneling Protocol   PSD   Power Spectral Density  RF   Radio Frequency   SHA1   Secure Hash Algorithm  SNR   Signal to Noise Ratio   SSID    Service Set Identification   TCP   Transmission Control Protocol   TFTP    Trivial File Transfer Protocol   - 5 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual TKIP   Temporal Key Integrity Protocol   UPNP    Universal Plug and Play   VPN   Virtual Private Network   WDS    Wireless Distribution System   WEP   Wired Equivalent Privacy   WLAN    Wireless Local Area Network   WPA   Wi-Fi Protected Access   - 6 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 2. Introduction The Outdoor Router is an affordable IEEE 802.11b/g /n specifications of Outdoor Router solution; setting SOHO and enterprise standard for high performance, secure, manageable and reliable WLAN. This document describes the steps required for the initial IP address assign and other configuration of the outdoor router. The description includes the implementation of the above steps.  2.1 Package contents The package of the WLAN Broadband Router includes the following items, 9 Outdoor Router   9 DC 12V Power Adapter   9 Documentation CD   9 POE Injector 9 Tie  2.2 Product Features ¾ Compatible with IEEE 802.11n Specifications provides wireless speed up to 150Mbps data rate.   ¾ Compatible with IEEE 802.11g standard to provide wireless speeds of 54Mbps data rate.   ¾ Maximizes the performance and ideal for media-centric applications like streaming video, gaming and Voice over IP technology.   ¾ Support various operation (Bridge/Gateway/Ethernet Converter) modes between wireless and wired Ethernet interfaces.   ¾ Supports WPS, 64-bit and 128-bit WEP, WPA, WPA2 encryption to protect the wireless data transmission.  ¾ Support TKIP/AES/TKIPAES of WPA algorithms.   ¾ Support IEEE 802.3x full duplex flow control on 10/100M Ethernet interface.   ¾ Support DHCP server to provide clients auto IP addresses assignment.   ¾ Support DHCP client, static IP, PPPoE, L2TP and PPTP of WAN Interface.   ¾ Supports firewall security with port filtering, IP filtering, MAC filtering, port forwarding, DMZ hosting and URL filtering functions.   ¾ Support WEB based management and configuration.   ¾ Support System Log.     ¾ Support Dynamic DNS ¾ Support NTP   - 7 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 2.3 Front Panel Description    LED Indicator    State   Description  ON  The WLAN Broadband Router is powered ON.   1. PWR LED   Off  The WLAN Broadband Router is powered Off.   Flashing  Data is transmitting or receiving on the wireless.   ON  Wireless Radio ON.   2. WLAN LED   Off  Wireless Radio Off. Flashing  Data is transmitting or receiving on the WAN interface.   ON Port linked.  3. WAN LED ACT   Off No link.  Flashing  Data is transmitting or receiving on the LAN interface.   ON Port linked.  4. LAN LED ACT   Off No link.  - 8 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 2.4 Rear Panel Description  Interfaces   Description  Reset(Left) Push continually the reset button 5 ~ 10 seconds to reset the configuration parameters to factory defaults. LAN(Middle)  The RJ-45 sockets allow LAN connection through Category 5 cables. Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.   WAN(Right) The RJ-45 socket allows WAN connection through a Category 5 cable. Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively. - 9 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 3. Installation 3.1 Hardware Installation 3.1.1 Appearance and Interface Introduction Notes: The product shot is for reference only please refer to physical product. LED Panel  Waterproof Sliding Door Pass trough Ethernet cable from this cable Push this button to remove upper housing   - 10 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Wall Mount Pole Mount  LAN port with POE   WAN port with POE   Reset Button   - 11 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 3.1.2 Hardware installation steps Step1: Push the button in the side to remove upper housing.  Step2: Pass through Ethernet cable from the hole, insert the cable to LAN port. Note: RJ-45 8P8C Ethernet cable is required.   - 12 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Step3: Install the upper housing and make sure the housing is well installed.  Step4:  Install POE Injector   DC: Insert adapter   POE: This hole is linked to LAN port of the Outdoor Router with RJ-45.   LAN: This hole is linked to LAN side PC/Hub or Router/ADSL modem device with RJ-45  - 13 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Step5: Complete the hardware installation as diagram at below.  3.2 Software Installation There is no software driver or utility installation needed, but only the configuration setting. Please refer to chapter 4 for software configuration. Notice: It will take about 50 seconds to complete the boot up sequence after powered on the Outdoor Router; Power LED will be active, and after that the WLAN Activity LED will be flashing to show the WLAN interface is enabled and working now. 4. Software configuration There are web based management and configuration functions allowing you to have the jobs done easily. The Outdoor Router is delivered with the following factory default parameters on the Ethernet LAN interfaces. Default IP Address: 192.168.1.254 Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0  WEB login User Name: admin  WEB login Password: admin - 14 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.1 Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000/ XP: 1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will appear.   2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up Connections icon. Move mouse and double-click the Local Area Connection icon. The Local Area Connection window will appear. Click Properties button in the Local Area Connection window.  3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.   4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.  5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.   6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.   7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.   9 IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.   9 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 8. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.  For OS of Microsoft Windows Vista / 7: 1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will appear.   2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network Connections item. The Network Connections window will appear. Double click Local Area Connection icon, then User Account Control window shown. Right click Continue button to set properties.   3. In Local Area Connection Properties window, Choose Networking tab, move mouse and click Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), then click Properties button.  4. Move mouse and click General tab, Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.  9 IP Address: 192.168.1.1,, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.   9 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0  5. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.  For OS of Microsoft Windows NT: 1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will appear.   2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network window will appear. Click Protocol tab from the Network window.   3. Check the installed list of Network Protocol window. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.   4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.   5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.   6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.   7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.   9 IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.   9 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0  8. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting. - 15 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.2 Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router Open a WEB browser, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explore 6.1 SP1 or above, then enter 192.168.1.254 on the URL to connect the WLAN Broadband Router. 4.3 Management and configuration on the Outdoor Router 4.3.1 Wizard This Wizard page guides you to configure Internet connection and Wireless Settings quickly.  Step 1: configure Internet connection   Click Next button to next step for Internet connection settings. There are five options (DHCP, Static Mode, PPPOE, L2TP, PPTP) for Internet connection on WAN port.  a. DHCP (Auto Config)    If you select DHCP option, please click Next button to jump at Step2.  - 16 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual b. Static Mode (fixed IP)  If you select Static Mode, please fill in these fields on next page.  Item   Description  IP Address  Fill in the IP address for WAN interface. Subnet Mask  Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface. Default Gateway    Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets. Primary DNS Server Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1. Secondary DNS Server Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.   When you finish these settings, then click Next button to jump at Step2. - 17 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual c. PPPOE (ADSL)  If you select PPPOE, please fill in these fields on next page.  Item   Description  User Name  If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server.   Password  If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server. Verify Password    Fill in the password again for verification. Operation Mode  Keep Alive: Keep the PPPoE connection all the time. Please also configure the Redial Period field. On Demand: Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the PPPoE connection will disconnect. The connection will re-connect when any outgoing packet arise. Manual: Let user connect the PPPoE connection manually.   When you finish these settings, then click Next button to jump at Step2. - 18 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual d. L2TP  If you select L2TP, please fill in these fields on next page.    - 19 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Item   Description  L2TP Server IP Address Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data transmission among the connection. User can use embedded L2TP client supported by this router to make a VPN connection. If you select the L2TP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it. User Name  Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server. Password    Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server. Address Mode  Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the related setting at below. Dynamic:  The option allows the machine to get IP address information automatically from DHCP server on WAN side. IP Address  Fill in the IP address for WAN interface. Subnet Mask  Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface. Default Gateway  Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets. Operation Mode  Keep Alive: Keep the L2TP connection all the time. Please also configure theRedial Period field. Manual: Let user connect the L2TP connection manually.   When you finish these settings, then click Next button to jump at Step2.  e. PPTP  If you select PPTP, please fill in these fields on next page. - 20 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual   Item   Description  PPTP Server IP Address Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data transmission among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client supported by this router to make a VPN connection. If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it. User Name  Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server. Password    Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server. Address Mode  Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the related setting at below. Dynamic:  The option allows the machine to get IP address information automatically from DHCP server on WAN side. IP Address  Fill in the IP address for WAN interface. Subnet Mask  Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface. Default Gateway  Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets. Operation Mode  Keep Alive: Keep the PPTP connection all the time. Please also configure theRedial Period field. Manual: Let user connect the PPTP connection manually.   When you finish these settings, then click Next button to jump at Step2. - 21 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Step 2: configure Wireless Settings There are three options (Disable, WEP, WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK) for Wireless security connection. Disable  WEP  WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK  - 22 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Item   Description  Network Name (SSID) It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32 bytes long. Security  Please select the security mode related wireless data encryption. KEY   WEP:  When you select WEP, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters for WEP Key. WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK: When WPA/WPA2 Pre-shared key encryption is selected, please fill in the Pre-shared key. The format can be passphrase or Hex (64 characters).   When you finish these settings, then click Apply button to save. 4.3.2 Operation Mode a. Bridge:  The Bridge mode allows that all Ethernet and wireless interfaces are bridged into a single bridge interface. b. Gateway:  - 23 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual The Gateway mode allows that the first Ethernet port is treated as WAN port and the Ethernet port and the wireless interface are bridged together and are treated as LAN ports. c. Ethernet Converter:  The Ethernet Converter mode allows that the wireless interface is treated as WAN port, and the Ethernet ports are LAN ports. 4.3.3 Internet Settings 4.3.3.1 WAN a. STATIC  - 24 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Item   Description  IP Address  Fill in the IP address for WAN interface. Subnet Mask  Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface. Default Gateway  Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets. Primary DNS Server Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1. Secondary DNS Server Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2. MAC Clone  Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WANinterface.   b. DHCP     Item   Description  Hostname  Fill in the host name of Host Name of DHCP server. The default value is empty.MAC Clone  Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN interface. - 25 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual c. PPPoE     Item   Description  User Name  If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server.   Pasword  If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and password to login the PPPoE server. Verify Password  Fill in the password again for verification. MAC Clone  Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN interface.  - 26 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual d. L2TP    Item   Description  Server IP  Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data transmission among the connection. User can use embedded L2TP client supported by this router to make a VPN connection. If you select the L2TP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it. User Name  Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server. Password  Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server. Address Mode  Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the related setting at below. Dynamic:  The option allows the machine to get IP address information automatically from DHCP server on WAN side. IP Address  Fill in the IP address for WAN interface. Subnet Mask  Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface. Default Gateway  Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets. Operation Mode  Keep Alive: Keep the L2TP connection all the time. Please also configure theRedial Period field. On Demand: Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the L2TPconnection will disconnect. The connection will re-connect when any outgoingpacket arise. Manual: Let user connect the L2TP connection manually. MAC Clone  Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN interface. - 27 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual e. PPTP  Item   Description  Server IP  Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data transmission among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client supported by this router to make a VPN connection. If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it. User Name  Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server. Password  Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server. Address Mode  Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the related setting at below. Dynamic:  The option allows the machine to get IP address information automatically from DHCP server on WAN side. IP Address  Fill in the IP address for WAN interface. Subnet Mask  Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface. Default Gateway  Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets. Operation Mode  Keep Alive: Keep the PPTP connection all the time. Please also configure theRedial Period field. On Demand: Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the PPTP connection will disconnect. The connection will re-connect when any outgoing packet arise. Manual: Let user connect the PPTP connection manually. MAC Clone  Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN interface. - 28 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.3.2 LAN  Item   Description  MAC Address  Show the MAC address of LAN interface. IP Address  Fill in the IP address of LAN interfaces. Subnet Mask  Fill in the subnet mask of LAN interfaces. Default Gateway  Fill in the default gateway for LAN interfaces out going data packets. DHCP Type  Disable: Disable DHCP server on LAN side. Server: Enable DHCP server on LAN side. Start IP Address  Fill in the start IP address to allocate a range of IP addresses; client with DHCP function set will be assigned an IP address from the range. End IP Address  Fill in the end IP address to allocate a range of IP addresses; client with DHCP function set will be assigned an IP address from the range. Lease Time  Fill in the lease time of DHCP server function. 802.1d Spanning Tree Select enable or disable the IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree function from pull-down menu. LLTD Select enable or disable the Link Layer Topology Discover function from pull-down menu. IGMP Proxy  Select enable or disable the IGMP proxy function from pull-down menu. UPNP  Select enable or disable the UPnP protocol from pull-down menu. - 29 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.3.3 DHCP clients The “DHCP clients” page shows all the active DHCP clients. The table window shows the active clients with their Hostname, MAC address, assigned IP address, and time expired information.    4.3.3.4 VPN Passthrough  Item   Description  L2TP Passthrough  Select enable or disable the L2TP pass-through function from pull-down menu. IPSec Passthrough  Select enable or disable the IPSec pass-through function from pull-down menu. PPTP Passthrough  Select enable or disable the PPTP pass-through function from pull-down menu. - 30 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.4 Wireless Settings 4.3.4.1 Basic   Item   Description  Wireless On/Off  Click Wireless OFF button to turn off wireless RF radio. Click Wireless ON button to turn on wireless RF radio. Wireless Mode  Click to select wireless mode from pull down menu.  SSID  It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32 bytes long. User can use the default SSID or change it. Broadcast Network Name (SSID) Enable or disable the SSID broadcast function. AP Isolation Wireless network is similar to the virtual local area network. All of the Wireless client devices can access each other completely.   When you enable this function, it will turn off connection between wireless clients. Only allows connection between wireless client and this AP router. - 31 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual MBSSID AP Isolation Enable this function will turn off connection between clients with different MBSSID. Example: The client connected with BSSID 1. When enable this function, it will not connect with BSSID 2. Only can access between clients with SSID 1. BSSID  Show the MAC address of Wireless interface. Frequency (Channel)  Select the wireless communication frequency/channel from pull-down menu. Operating Mode Select “Mixed Mode” for 11b/g/n mode or “Green Field” for 11n mode. Channel BandWidth Select the operating channel width 20 MHz or 20/40 MHz. Guard Interval Select “Long” or “Auto”. Guard intervals are used to ensure that distinct transmissions do not interfere with one another. Only effect under Mixed Mode. MCS Select 0~7 or “Auto” from pull down menu. The default is “Auto”. Only effect under Mixed Mode.  4.3.4.2 Advanced   - 32 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Item  Description B/G Protection Mode  Default: Auto. You can select the other options including On and Off. The B/G protection technology is CTS-To-Self. It will try to reserve the throughput for 11g clients from 11b clients connecting to the device as AP mode. Beacon Interval  Beacons are the packets sending by Access point to synchronize the wireless network. The beacon interval is the time interval between beacons sending by this unit in AP or AP+WDS operation. The default and recommended beacon interval is 100 milliseconds. Data Beacon Rate(DTM)  This is the Delivery Traffic Indication Map. It is used to alert the clients that multicast and broadcast packets buffered at the AP will be transmitted immediately after the transmission of this beacon frame. You can change the value from 1 to 255. The AP will check the buffered data according to this value. For example, selecting “1” means to check the buffered data at every beacon. Fragment Threshold  The fragmentation threshold determines the size at which packets are fragmented (sent as several pieces instead of as one block). Use a low setting in areas where communication is poor or where there is a great deal of radio interference. This function will help you to improve the network performance. RTS Threshold  The RTS threshold determines the packet size at which the radio issues a request to send (RTS) before sending the packet. A low RTS Threshold setting can be useful in areas where many client devices are associating with the device, or in areas where the clients are far apart and can detect only the device and not each other. You can enter a setting ranging from 0 to 2347 bytes. TX Power  The default TX power is 100%. In case of shortening the distance and the coverageof the wireless network, input a smaller value to reduce the radio transmission power. For example, input 80 to apply 80% Tx power. Short Preamble  Default: Disable. It is a performance parameter for 802.11 b/g mode and not supported by some of very early stage of 802.11b station cards. If there is no such kind of stations associated to this AP, you can enable this function. Short Slot  It is used to shorten the communication time between this AP and station. TX Burst  The device will try to send a serial of packages with single ACK reply from the clients. Enable this function to apply it. Country Code Select the country code for wireless from pull down menu. - 33 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.4.3 Security a. Disable   If you set Security Mode to “Disable”, the wireless data transmission will not clude encryption to prevent from unauthorized access and monitoring.   b. WEPAUTO in  - 34 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual If you set Security Mode to “WEPAUTO”, please fill in the related configurations at below.  Item   Description  Default Key  Specify a Key number for effective. WEP Keys ~4) UTO, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters for WEP Key. When you select WEPA(1 c. WPAPSK/WPA2PSK  If you set Security Mode to “WPAPSKWPA2PSK”, please fill in the related onfigurations at below. c Item   Description  WPA Algorithms  Select TKIP, AES, or TKIPAES for WPA algorithms. Pass Phrase  Please fill in a passphrase like ‘test wpa 123’, or a hexadecimal string like '65E4 E123 456 E1'. Key Renewal Interval Please fill in a number for Group Key Renewal interval time. - 35 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual d. WPA1WPA2  If you set Security Mode to “WPA1WPA2”, please fill in the related configurations at below.  Item   Description  WPA Algorithms  Select TKIP or AES for WPA algorithms. Key Renewal Interval  Please fill in a number for Group Key Renewal interval time. PMK Cache Period Only valid in WPA2 security. Set WPA2 PMKID cache timeout period, after time out, the cached key will be deleted. PMK Cache Period unit is minute. Pre-Authentication Only valid in WPA2 security. The most important features beyond WPA to become standardized through 802.11i/WPA2 are: Pre-authentication, which enables secure fast roaming without noticeable signal latency. IP Address Enter the RADIUS Server’s IP Address provided by your ISP.  Port  Enter the RADIUS Server’s port number provided by your ISP. (The Default is 1812.)  Shared Secret  Enter the password that the Wireless Router shares with the RADIUS Server.  Session Timeout  Session timeout interval is for 802.1x re-authentication setting. Set to zero to disable 802.1x re-authentication service for each session. Session timeout interval unit is second and must be larger than 60.  Idle Timeout  Enter the idle timeout in the column. - 36 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual e. Access Policy  Item   Description  Policy Select the Disabled, Allow or Reject of drop down menu choose wireless access control mode. This is a security control function; only those clients registered in the access control list can link to this WLAN Broadband Router. Add a station MAC  Fill in the MAC address of client to register this AP router access capability.  4.3.4.4 WDS a. Disable  If you set WDS to “Disable”, Wireless Distribution System function will not effect.  b. Lazy Mode Lazy mode allows user to operate in an automatic mode that detects and learns WDS peer addresses from received WDS packets, without the need to configure a MAC address list. This feature allows the Wireless 11n Access Point/Repeater to associate with other Wireless 11n Access Point/Repeaters in the network and use their WDS MAC address list. Lazy mode requires one other Wireless 11n Access Point/Repeater within the wireless network that is configured in Bridge or Repeater mode, and has a configured MAC address list. - 37 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual  If you set WDS to “Lazy Mode”, please fill in the related configurations at below.  Item   Description  Phy Mode  Select wireless physical mode from pull down menu. CKK (11b). OFDM (11g). HTMIX (11b/g/n mixed mode)   Encryp Type  Select encryption type for wireless data transmission. There are four options: None, WEP, TKIP or AES. Encryp Key When you select WEP encryption type on above, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters for WEP Key. When you select TKIP or AES encryption type on above, please input a Passphrase or Hex (64 characters). - 38 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual c. Bridge Mode Bridge mode allows user to operate as a standard bridge that forwards traffic between WDS links (links that connect to other units in Repeater or Lazy mode). The MAC addresses of WDS peers must be configured on the Wireless 11n Access Points/ Repeaters. Basically this mode is used when you have a 2.4G outdoor router with more than one WDS link to other AP/Repeaters.   Note: In this mode wireless clients will not be able to connect to the 2.4G outdoor router directly.  Item   Description  Phy Mode  Select wireless physical mode from pull down menu. CKK (11b). OFDM (11g). HTMIX (11b/g/n mixed mode)   Encryp Type Select encryption type for wireless data transmission. There are four options: None, WEP, TKIP or AES. Encryp Key When you select WEP encryption type on above, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters for WEP Key. When you select TKIP or AES encryption type on above, please input a Passphrase or Hex (64 characters). AP MAC Address   Fill in the MAC address of AP which WDS links in Repeater or Lazy mode. - 39 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual d. Repeater Mode Repeater mode allows user to operate as a wireless repeater, extending the range for remote wireless clients and connecting them to an AP connected to the wired network. The MAC addresses of WDS peers must be configured on the Wireless 11n Access Point/Repeater.  Item   Description  Phy Mode  Select wireless physical mode from pull down menu. CKK (11b). OFDM (11g). HTMIX (11b/g/n mixed mode)   Encryp Type  Select encryption type for wireless data transmission. There are four options: None, WEP, TKIP or AES. Encryp Key  When you select WEP encryption type on above, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters for WEP Key. When you select TKIP or AES encryption type on above, please input a Passphrase or Hex (64 characters). AP MAC Address    Fill in the MAC address of AP which WDS links in Repeater or Lazy mode. - 40 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.4.5 WPS  Item   Description  WPS  Select Enable or Disable the Wi-Fi Protected Setup function. Then click Apply button to take effect function after change. WPS Summary After enabling the WPS function, if there is connection the WPS Summary will show related information and status. AP PIN Here shows the AP’s PIN code (Personal Identification Number) that the enrollee should enter the registrar’s PIN code to make a connection. Click Generate button to generate a new AP PIN code. Reset OOB Click  Reset OOB button to reset WPS AP to the OOB (out-of-box) configuration. WPS mode Select WPS mode. PIN: Personal Identification Number. PBC: Push Button Communication. PIN   Input enrollee’s PIN code to AP-registrar.    - 41 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.5 Firewall 4.3.5.1 MAC/IP/Port Filtering  Item   Description  MAC/IP/Port Filtering  Select Enable or Disable the MAC/IP/Port Filtering function.  Item   Description  Source MAC address  Fill in the MAC address of source NIC, to restrict data transmission. Dest IP Address  Fill in the IP address of destination, to restrict data transmission. Source IP Address  Fill in the IP address of source, to restrict data transmission. Protocol  Select the protocol that you want to restrict. There are four options: None, TCP, UDP and ICMP. Dest Port Range  art-port and end-port number of destination, to restrict da  Fill in the st tatransmission. Source Port Range  smission. Fill in the start-port and end-port number of source, to restrict data tranAction  Select Accept or Drop to specify the action of filtering policies. Comment  Make a comment for the filtering policy. - 42 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual  Item   Description  □ Make a mark for next action. Delete Selected  Click Delete Selected button to delete all that you selected. Reset  Click Reset button to clear selected items.  4.3.5.2 Port Forwarding  - 43 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Item   Description  Port Forwarding  Select Enable or Disable the Port Forwarding function. IP Address  To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address. Port Range  To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the port range. Protocol  Specify protocol, TCP&UDP, TCP or UDP. Comment  Make a comment for the port forwarding policy. □ Make a mark for next action. Delete Selected  Click Delete Selected button to delete all that you selected. Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.  Item   Description  Virtual Server  Select Enable or Disable the Virtual Server function. IP Address  To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address. Public Port    To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the public port. Private Port  To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the private port. - 44 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Protocol  Specify protocol, TCP&UDP, TCP or UDP. Comment Make a comment for the virtual server policy. □ Make a mark for next action. Delete Selected  Click Delete Selected button to delete all that you selected. Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.  4.3.5.3 DMZ  Item   Description  DMZ Settings  Enable or Disable the DMZ function. DMZ IP Address  To support DMZ in your firewall design, fill in the IP address of DMZ host that can be access from the WAN interface.   - 45 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.5.4 System Security   Item   Description  Remote management  Select Deny or Allow for remote management function. Ping form WAN Filter  Select Disable or Enable for Ping permit from WAN. SPI Firewall  Select Disable or Enable for SPI firewall function.  4.3.5.5 4.4.5.5 Content Filtering  - 46 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Item  Description Filters  Select an option or multi-option for Webs content filter. Then click Apply button to save or click Reset button to clear all. URL  Fill in a URL string for URL filter. Then click Add button to save the URL filter policy or click Reset button to clear the field. □ Make a mark for next action. Delete Click Delete button to delete all that you selected. Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.    Item   Description  Keyword  Fill in a word for Webs Host Filter policy. □ Make a mark for next action. Delete Click Delete button to delete all that you selected. Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.  - 47 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.6 Administration 4.3.6.1 Management   Item   Description  Username  Fill in the user name for web management login control. Password  Fill in the password for web management login control. Current Time  It shows the current time. Time Zone  Select the time zone in your country from pull-down menu.. NTP Server  Fill in NTP server IP address. NTP synchronization Fill in a number to decide the synchronization frequency with NTP server. - 48 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual   Item   Description  Dynamic DNS Provider  Click the drop down menu to pick up the right DDNS provider you registered. Account   Fill in the account of DDNS you registered. Password  Fill in the password of DDNS you registered. DDNS  Fill in the domain name that you registered.  4.3.6.2 Upload Firmware   Item   Description  Location  Click the Browse button to select the new firmware image file on PC. And click the Apply button to upgrade firmware.  - 49 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.6.3 Settings Management   Item   Description  Export Button  Click Export button to export the current configuration to your PC. Settings file location  Click  Browse button to select the configuration file from your PC, then click Import button to update the configuration. Load Default Button  Click the Load Default button to reset the configuration parameter to factory defaults.  - 50 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.3.6.4 Status This page shows the current status and some basic settings of the device, includes system info, Internet Configurations and Local Network .  4.3.6.5 System Log This page is used to view system logs.   Item   Description  Refresh   Click the Refresh button to refresh the log shown on the screen.   Clear   Click the Clear button to clear the log display screen.    - 51 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.4  Configuration Examples 4.4.1 Example one – PPPoE on the WAN Sales division of Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on sales’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following configuration. WAN configuration:PPPoE User Name    user123 Password   password123 Note: User Name and password that ISP provided. LAN configuration: IP Address 10.10.10.254 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 DHCP Client Range 10.10.10.100 – 10.10.10.200 WLAN configuration: SSID   AP Channel Number    AutoSelect  1. Configure the WAN interface:   Open “Wide Area Network (WAN) Settings” page, select PPPoE then enter the User Name “user123” and Password “password123”, the password is encrypted to display on the screen. Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.   - 52 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual  2. Configure the LAN interface:   Open “Local Area Network (LAN) settings” page, enter the IP Address “10.10.10.254”, Subnet Mask “255.255.255.0”. Enable DHCP Server, DHCP client range “10.10.10.100” to “10.10.10.200”, default Gateway “10.10.10.254” . Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.   3.  Configure the WLAN interface:  Open “Basic Wireless Settings” page, enter the SSID ”AP”, Channel Number ”AutoSelect”. Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.  - 53 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual  4.4.2 Example two – fixed IP on the WAN Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on all employees’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following configuration. WAN configuration : Fixed IP IP Address    192.168.20.254 Subnet Mask    255.255.255.0 Default Gateway    192.168.20.1 Primary DNS Address    168.95.1.1 LAN configuration: IP Address    10.10.10.254 Subnet Mask    255.255.255.0 DHCP Client Range    10.10.10.100 – 10.10.10.200 WLAN configuration: SSID   AP Channel Number    AutoSelect  1. Configure the WAN interface:   Open “Wide Area Network (WAN) Settings” page, select STATIC(fixed IP) then enter IP Address “192.168.20.254”, subnet mask “255.255.255.0”, Default gateway “192.168.20.1”. Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.   - 54 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 2. Configure the LAN interface:   Open “Local Area Network (LAN) settings” page, enter the IP Address “10.10.10.254”, Subnet Mask “255.255.255.0”. Enable DHCP Server, DHCP client range “10.10.10.100” to “10.10.10.200”, default Gateway “10.10.10.254” . Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.  3.  Configure the WLAN interface:  Open “Basic Wireless Settings” page, enter the SSID ”AP”, Channel Number ”AutoSelect”. Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.  - 55 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4.4.3 Example three –set WLAN to be WAN as WiFi Client User Mr. ABC likes to configure this WLAN Broadband Router to be a WiFi client. In order to communicate with another AP. Mr. ABC collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router implementation by the following configuration.  WiFi client: WAN configuration: DHCP (Auto config) IP Address    n/a Subnet Mask    n/a Default Gateway    n/a Primary DNS Address    n/a LAN configuration: IP Address    10.10.10.254 Subnet Mask    255.255.255.0 DHCP Client Range    10.10.10.100 – 10.10.10.200 WLAN configuration: SSID   Depend on AP Channel Number    Depend on AP  WiFi server: AP configuration: SSID   TEST AP Channel Number    Channel 1 Wireless Encryption  WPA2 DHCP server  192.168.1.33~192.168.1.254  1. Configure the Operation Mode:   Open “Operation Mode Configuration” page, select Ethernet Converter, then click “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting and reboot the WLAN Broadband Router. After reboot, the wireless LAN will become to WAN interface.   - 56 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 2. Site Survey:   Open “Site Survey” page under Wireless Settings, and select the AP “testap”. Press “Connect” button to connect with the AP.    3. Wireless encryption setting:   If the AP has encryption setting, it will pop out a window for you filling the encryption setting. Please fill up the encryption code and click “Apply” button to connect with the AP.    - 57 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 4. Station Link Status:   After connection with AP, you can open “Link Status” page under Wireless Settings to check Link Status.   5 Status:  You also can open “Status” page under Administration to check Internet Configurations.    - 58 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 5. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ) Enter topic text here. 5.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address? IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 191.168.1.254 could be an IP address The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number. (On an Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to the Internet from your computer (or host as the Internet protocol thinks of it), a correspondence table relates your IP address to your computer's physical (MAC) address on the LAN.   To find your PC’s IP and MAC address,   9 Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows.   9 Type in “ipconfig /all”, then press the Enter button.   9 Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC address is the one entitled Physical Address. 5.2 What is Wireless LAN? A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the need for any wired connections to the user’s machine.   5.3 What are ISM bands? ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are located at 915 +/-13 MHz, 2450 +/-50 MHz and 5800 +/-75 MHz. 5.4 How does wireless networking work? The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In infrastructure mode, the wireless network consists of at least one access point connected to the wired network infrastructure and a set of wireless end stations. This configuration is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs forming a single sub-network. Since most corporate WLANs require access to the wired LAN for services (file servers, printers, Internet links) they will operate in infrastructure mode.   Example 1: wireless Infrastructure Mode - 59 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set, or IBSS) is simply a set of 802.11 wireless stations that communicate directly with one another without using an access point or any connection to a wired network. This mode is useful for quickly and easily setting up a wireless network anywhere that a wireless infrastructure does not exist or is not required for services, such as a hotel room, convention center, or airport, or where access to the wired network is barred (such as for consultants at a client site).  Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode 5.5 What is BSSID? A six-byte address is that distinguish a particular a particular access point from others. Also know as just SSID. Serve as a network ID or name. 5.6 What is ESSID? The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It is used to identify different wireless networks. 5.7 What are potential factors that may causes interference? Factors of interference:   2 Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc. 2 Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs. 2 Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors. Solutions to overcome the interferences:   9 Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings.   9 Position the WLAN antenna for best reception.   9 Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves, monitors, electric motors…etc.  9 Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary. 5.8 What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications? IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open system and shared key. Under open system authentication, any wireless station can request authentication. The station that needs to authenticate with another wireless station sends an authentication management frame that contains the identity of the sending station. The receiving station then returns a frame that indicates whether it recognizes the sending station. Under shared key authentication, each wireless station is assumed to have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the 802.11 wireless network communications channel. 5.9 What is WEP? An option of IEEE 802.11 function is that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alert frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers. WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop with a wireless Ethernet card) and an access point (i.e. a base station). The secret key is used to encrypt packets before they are transmitted, and an integrity check is used to ensure that packets are not modified in transit. - 60 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual 5.10 What is Fragment Threshold? The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11 to achieve parallel transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented into several fragments each of size equal to fragment threshold. By tuning the fragment threshold value, we can get varying fragment sizes. The determination of an efficient fragment threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the fragment threshold is small, the overlap part of the master and parallel transmissions is large. This means the spatial reuse ratio of parallel transmissions is high. In contrast, with a large fragment threshold, the overlap is small and the spatial reuse ratio is low. However high fragment threshold leads to low fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and fragment overhead. Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets larger than the size programmed in this field will be fragmented. If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send packets, for example). You may want to try lowering your fragmentation threshold. This will cause packets to be broken into smaller fragments. These small fragments, if corrupted, can be resent faster than a larger fragment. Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll want to keep this value as close to the maximum value as possible. 5.11 What is RTS (Request to Send) Threshold? The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the RTS/CTS transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be transmitted without RTS/ CTS transactions. Each station can have a different RTS threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data packet size exceeds the defined RTS threshold. With the CSMA/CA transmission mechanism, the transmitting station sends out an RTS packet to the receiving station, and waits for the receiving station to send back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before sending the actual packet data. This setting is useful for networks with many clients. With many clients, and a high network load, there will be many more collisions. By lowering the RTS threshold, there may be fewer collisions, and performance should improve. Basically, with a faster RTS threshold, the system can recover from problems faster. RTS packets consume valuable bandwidth, however, so setting this value too low will limit performance. 5.12 What is Beacon Interval? In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11 include management and control frames that support data transfer. The beacon frame, which is a type of management frame, provides the "heartbeat" of a wireless LAN, enabling stations to establish and maintain communications in an orderly fashion. Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions. Before a station enters power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to wake up to receive the beacon (and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access point). 5.13 What is Preamble Type? There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long preamble basically gives the decoder more time to process the preamble. All 802.11 devices support a long preamble. The short preamble is designed to improve efficiency (for example, for VoIP systems). The difference between the two is in the Synchronization field. The long preamble is 128 bits, and the short is 56 bits. 5.14 What is SSID Broadcast? Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access point (including various bits of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By disabling that feature, the SSID configured in the client must match the SSID of the access point. Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example the D-link DWL-120 USB 802.11b adapter). Generally if your client hardware supports operation with SSID disabled, it's - 61 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual not a bad idea to run that way to enhance network security. However it's no replacement for WEP, MAC filtering or other protections. 5.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)? Wi-Fi’s original security mechanism, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), has been viewed as insufficient for securing confidential business communications. A longer-term solution, the IEEE 802.11i standard, is under development. However, since the IEEE 802.11i standard is not expected to be published until the end of 2003, several members of the WI-Fi Alliance teamed up with members of the IEEE 802.11i task group to develop a significant near-term enhancement to Wi-Fi security. Together, this team developed Wi-Fi Protected Access. To upgrade a WLAN network to support WPA, Access Points will require a WPA software upgrade. Clients will require a software upgrade for the network interface card, and possibly a software update for the operating system. For enterprise networks, an authentication server, typically one that supports RADIUS and the selected EAP authentication protocol, will be added to the network. 5.16 What is WPA2? It is the second generation of WPA. WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i amendment to the 802.11 standard.  5.17 What is 802.1x Authentication? 802.1x is a framework for authenticated MAC-level access control, defines Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) over LANs (WAPOL). The standard encapsulates and leverages much of EAP, which was defined for dial-up authentication with Point-to-Point Protocol in RFC 2284. Beyond encapsulating EAP packets, the 802.1x standard also defines EAPOL messages that convey the shared key information critical for wireless security.   5.18 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)? The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE 802.11i encryption standard for wireless LANs. TKIP is the next generation of WEP, the Wired Equivalency Protocol, which is used to secure 802.11 wireless LANs. TKIP provides per-packet key mixing, a message integrity check and a re-keying mechanism, thus fixing the flaws of WEP. 5.19 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)? Security issues are a major concern for wireless LANs, AES is the U.S. government’s next-generation cryptography algorithm, which will replace DES and 3DES. 5.20 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)? The IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) supports Access Point Vendor interoperability, enabling roaming of 802.11 Stations within IP subnet. IAPP defines messages and data to be exchanged between Access Points and between the IAPP and high layer management entities to support roaming. The IAPP protocol uses TCP for inter-Access Point communication and UDP for RADIUS request/response exchanges. It also uses Layer 2 frames to update the forwarding tables of Layer 2 devices. 5.21 What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)? The Wireless Distribution System feature allows WLAN AP to talk directly to other APs via wireless channel, like the wireless bridge or repeater service. 5.22 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)? UPnP is an open networking architecture that consists of services, devices, and control points. The - 62 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual ultimate goal is to allow data communication among all UPnP devices regardless of media, operating system, programming language, and wired/wireless connection. 5.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size? Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is larger than this value will be fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP negotiation, the peer of the PPP connection will indicate its MRU and will be accepted. The actual MTU of the PPP connection will be set to the smaller one of MTU and the peer’s MRU. 5.24 What is Clone MAC Address? Clone MAC address is designed for your special application that request the clients to register to a server machine with one identified MAC address. Since that all the clients will communicate outside world through the WLAN Broadband Router, so have the cloned MAC address set on the WLAN Broadband Router will solve the issue. 5.25 What is DDNS? DDNS is the abbreviation of Dynamic Domain Name Server. It is designed for user owned the DNS server with dynamic WAN IP address. 5.26 What is NTP Client? NTP client is designed for fetching the current timestamp from internet via Network Time protocol. User can specify time zone, NTP server IP address. 5.27 What is VPN? VPN is the abbreviation of Virtual Private Network. It is designed for creating point-to point private link via shared or public network. 5.28 What is IPSEC? IPSEC is the abbreviation of IP Security. It is used to transferring data securely under VPN. 5.29 What is WLAN Block Relay between Clients? An Infrastructure Basic Service Set is a BSS with a component called an Access Point (AP). The access point provides a local relay function for the BSS. All stations in the BSS communicate with the access point and no longer communicate directly. All frames are relayed between stations by the access point. This local relay function effectively doubles the range of the IBSS. 5.30 What is WMM? WMM is based on a subset of the IEEE 802.11e WLAN QoS draft standard. WMM adds prioritized capabilities to Wi-Fi networks and optimizes their performance when multiple concurring applications, each with different latency and throughput requirements, compete for network resources. By using WMM, end-user satisfaction is maintained in a wider variety of environments and traffic conditions. WMM makes it possible for home network users and enterprise network managers to decide which data streams are most important and assign them a higher traffic priority. 5.31 What is WLAN ACK TIMEOUT? ACK frame has to receive ACK timeout frame. If remote does not receive in specified period, it will be retransmitted. 5.32 What is Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)? MCS is Wireless link data rate for 802.11n. The throughput/range performance of an AP will depend on its implementation of coding schemes. MCS includes variables such as the number of spatial streams, - 63 -
2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual - 64 - modulation, and the data rate on each stream. Radios establishing and maintaining a link must automatically negotiate the optimum MCS based on channel conditions and then continuously adjust the selection of MCS as conditions change due to interference, motion, fading, and other events. 5.33 What is Frame Aggregation? Every 802.11 packet, no matter how small, has a fixed amount of overhead associated with it. Frame Aggregation combines multiple smaller packets together to form one larger packet. The larger packet can be sent without the overhead of the individual packets. This technique helps improve the efficiency of the 802.11n radio allowing more end user data to be sent in a given time. 5.34 What is Guard Intervals (GI)? A GI is a period of time between symbol transmission that allows reflections (from multipath) from the previous data transmission to settle before transmitting a new symbol. The 802.11n draft specifies two guard intervals: 400ns (short) and 800ns (long). Support of the 400ns GI is optional for transmit and receive. The purpose of a guard interval is to introduce immunity to propagation delays, echoes, and reflections to which digital data is normally very sensitive.
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement  This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures: . Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. . Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. . Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. . Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.  FCC Caution: To assure continued compliance, any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. (Example - use only shielded interface cables when connecting to computer or peripheral devices).  FCC Radiation Exposure Statement  This equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters between the radiator and your body.  This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.  The antennas used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

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