Lowrance Electronic X 16 Users Manual

x16 f7353b9e-d52b-468d-9927-41f4fff79eb7 Lowrance electronic Marine GPS System X-16 User Guide |

2015-02-05

: Lowrance-Electronic Lowrance-Electronic-X-16-Users-Manual-407882 lowrance-electronic-x-16-users-manual-407882 lowrance-electronic pdf

Open the PDF directly: View PDF .
Page Count: 16

________________ — . '••

INSTALLATION ANID OPERATION MANUAL

X-16

OWNER'S MANUAL

Litho in U.S.A. 988-0096-09

• LOWRANCE ELECTRONICS, INC.

.12000 E. SKELLY DR., TULSA, OKLA. 74128

NOTICE

Periodically wash the Trans-

ducer Face with soap

and water

to remove any

oil film that may

collect. Oil and dirt on the face

will reduce sensitivity or may

even

prevent

sounding.

Please detail

the problem you

are experiencing. Our Service De-

partment may

be able

to save you

the inconvenience of returning

your unit.

If it is determined that your unit

must be returned, full shipping in-

structions will be provided.

GOT A PROBLEM?

LET US

HELP!

you have a problem with your

sonar unit, please give us a

chance to help

before sending it in

for repair.

Assistance can often be ex-

tended by telephone or letter.

Write or call one of our Authorized

Service Centers or the Lowrance

Electronics, Inc., Customer Ser-

vice Department in Tulsa, OK.

(Toll-free 1-800-331-3889).

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM AND

PARTS LIST

Should you desire a Schematic

Diagram and Parts list for ypur

Lowrance TRUELINE RECORD-

ER, send $1.00 to PARTS LIST,

Lowrance Electronics, Inc., 12000

East Skelly

Drive, Tulsa, Okla-

homa 74128. Be sure and give us

the Model Number and Serial

Number of

your SONAR

INSTRUMENT

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

SURFACE

CLUTTER Algae,

plankton, air bubbles, boat wakes,

and schools of bait fish near the

surface of the water can create

large surface echoes on the paper.

These echoes can extend far

down the paper and interfere with

fish or other

target echoes.

Lowrance has a special feature

called "Surface Clarity Control" or

"5CC" that combats surface clutter

effectively.

THERMOCLINE Junction of dif-

ferent temperature layers. When

the warm and cool temperature

layers meet, a discontinuity in the

water is formed that reflects sonar

signals. This is called a thermo-

dine.

TRANSDUCER The "antenna" of

a sonar unit. This contains a small.

crystal that converts the electrical

energy from

the transducer into

sound energy

and sends it into

the water. It then converts any

sound in its frequency range back

into electrical pulses for the

receiver. Transducers have a van-

ety of styles

including "Thru-Hull"

which bolt thru a hole

drilled in the

hull, "Shoot-Thru-Hull" — epoxied

directly to

the inside of a solid

fiberglass hull with no holes

required, and "Transom Mount" —

bolts directly to the transom of the

hull, either below or flush with the

bottom of the boat.

TRANSPORT ASSEMBLY The

mechanism that holds and pulls

the chart paper from the full paper

roll, past

the stylus, and rolls it up

on the takeup side. It also con-

tains the paper

drive motor and

gear

train. -

-10

1-1

Specifications 1

Introduction

How it Works

Installation

Power Connections

Transducer Selection

Basic Operation

Sensitivity Control

Clear

Entry

Discrimination

Paper Speed

GRAYLINE

Range

Lower Limit

Upper Limit

Lines

Marker

Scale

Memory/Reset

Feet, Fathoms, Meters

End Of Paper

Zero Adjust

How To Read Graphs

Paper Loading

Stylus Replacement 16

Stylus Belt Replacement 17

Maintenance 17

Troubleshooting 18

ADVANCED OPERATION 18

Surface Clarity

Control (SCC) 18

Suppressor 19

ACCESSORIES

LDT-3000

DIGITAL SURFACE

TEMP

Allows instant visual

wading

surface water

temperatures horn

32.0 Ia 99.9

degrees F Includes

heavy 28 foot sensor cable.

DUST COVER

Extra protection lrom the elements.

LSB-200A SWITCH BOX

Allows use ci two

different transducers with

one sonar unit. Weetharpreof switch

activates transducer #1 or

#2.

LSB-201A SWITCH BOX

Allows use ci Iwo soners with

only

one

transducer. Weetherprool switch activates

sonar

#1 or #2.

LXT-11OA TRANSDUCER

EXTENSION CABLE

Ten-fool extension cable far use where a

transducer must be located

beyond the

reach oh the

standard transducer cable.

Sonar unit does not nead returning

when

only

one extension is used.

LKB-2000 TRANSDUCER KICK-UP

BRACKET

Allows THS 1192-20 io be mounted below the

hull on aluminum beets to avoid hull turbulence.

LTB-1

000 TRANSOM

MOUNTING BRACKET

Transom

mounting brscket end

spet specifically designed for use

with V-bottomed boats. Uses

any

Lowrance plastic

bolt-thru-huil

transducer.

LFF-1 02 FISH-N-FLOAT

Two highly vjaibie floats with 100-fool nylon

cord, wraparound lead

sinkers.

LTP-100 FISH-N-TEMP

Portable

temperature and

depth

indicator

far accurate

readings from

30-90 degrees F

end depths to 00 teal.

LPG-605 CHART PAPER

Straight line chart paper, 50 toot

roll, br all

Computer Sonar graph

recorders.

LTC-60 TRANSDUCER

CONNECTOR KIT

Replacas old

slyle

transducer connecter

with new plastic style. Or to repair a

damaged transducer cable.

LPB-192 POWER BOOSTER

Increases the outpul power of the X-150 to

extend the

depth range, better noise

rejection, and increases the ability to

diaptey small detail.

LDT-4000 DIGITAL SURFACE TEMP

New sensor probe allows transom, thru-hut,

or raw water intake

mounting Water

temperature readings trorn 32.0 099.9

degrees F

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

the sonar can

separate two tar-

gets

that are 11/2 inches apart.

This

is considered good resolution.

However, if a sonar' pulse length

was 500 micro-seconds,

then the

sonar could only separate targets

that are at least 12 inches apart.

That is why it is so important to

pick a sonar unit that

gives you

the capability to change to narrow

pulse lengths for good resolution.

The X-16 allows pulse lengths

down to 30 micro-seconds or one

inch!

SECOND ECHO A second echo

can appear on the display at

roughly twice the depth of the

actual bottom signal. This is

caused by the transmitted signal

travelling

thru the

water, reflecting

off of the bottom, returning to the

surface, reflecting off the surface,

hitting the bottofti once again, and

finally striking the surface and the

transducer.

Actually,

the sonar sig-

nal can do this many times as you

can see if you are in shallow water

and turn up the sensitivity. Some-

times

three, four, or more echoes

can be displayed.

SENSITIVITY The ability of a

sonar unit

to display targets. If a

unit can display small targets deep

in the water or very

small detail,

then it is said to have high

sensitivity.

A sensitivity control

adjusts the level of the receiver for

different conditions. Also called

gain.

SCALE Depth markings printed

on or near the chart paper

These

can be shown in feet, fathoms, or

meters. Often confused with

Range.

SIGNAL-TO-NOISE

RATIO The

noise level divided by the signal

level in a circuit is expressed by

the term signal to noise ratio. In

sonar,

a high signal to noise ratio

is desirable because less noise

suppression is required and it is

easier for the unit to display only

the true

signals returning from the

targets, rather than a mixture of

signals and noise.

STYLUS This is the fine wire that

does the actual marking on a

graph recorder's

paper. A high

voltage is applied to the stylus

which causes it to burn through

the white outer coating of the

paper, exposing the black carbon

underneath. Use care when han-

dling

a stylus. Never touch it when

the unit is operating.

STYLUS SKIP This is a condition

that occurs when the stylus

doesn't contact the entire surface

of the chart paper. It then leaves

gaps in the record where the

stylus "skip' over spots. Usually,

the problem can be rectified by

removing and bending the stylus

into the proper shape, although

sometimes it is caused by a worn-

out stylus which must then be

replaced.

SUPPRESSOR A Lowrance

exclusive,

patented probess to

eliminate noise from a sonar unit's

display. It works on the principal

that noise pulses are typically

short in duration. By increasing

the transmitters pulse length, and

tracking it with the receiver, the

short noise pulses are cancelled

out.

STYLUS BELT A belt that travels

over two motor driven pulleys. It

typically

has a holder that retains

the stylus and a magnet on the

opposite side that

triggers

thd

transmitter.

Pulse

Alternate Transmit and Print

Paper Save

Print Intensity

Loran Interface

Power Booster

Summary of Commands

Glossary

Accessories

SPECIFICATIONS

Dimensions (with gimbal mount)

Dimensions (instrument only)

Weight

Chart

Paper

Transmitter

Frequency

Pulse Width (Adjustable)

1 0¼"W x 8¼"H x 65/s"D

12¼"W x 9"H x 65/ct

8.5 pounds

LPG-606

(2) 4" x 50' roll

192 kHz

30 s - 2000 p.s

1600 watts p-p

200 watts RMS

Output Power

Receiver Sensitivity

Chart Speed

Voltage Range

Current Drain

Fuse

—85 db

.10 -3.0 in/mm

10 - 15 vdc

amps, approximately

4 amp

28 1

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

INTRODUCTION

The Lowrance X-16 is a highly

sophisticated recording depth

sounder Thanks to a micro-com-

puter, the X-16 can do more than

any

other sonar unit in its price

range plus many that cost much

more. Using the waterproof key-

board, full control of the system

at your fingertips to meet the

changing demands of varying bot-

tom conditions, water depth, and

boat speed. You can select the

unit's

sensitivity, discrimination

level, upper and lower depth

range, paper speed, GRAYLINE,

and many more

features. The

patented Lowrance variable sup-

pression system combined with

the new Discrimination feature not

only filters out false

signals

with-

out distorting the real ones, but is

syncronized with the GRAYLINE

function to provide clear

signals

under all conditions.

HOW IT WORKS

When the

unit is turned on, an

electronically regulated motor

drives a lightweight belt located at

the right edge of the

recording

paper The

stylus is attached to

this belt. When the

stylus is at the

top of the paper a small mark is

made. This is called the zero

mark, and represents the surface

of the water. The stylus

continues

FIGURE 1

GRAPH

PAPER

to move down the edge of the

paper while the sound pulse is

traveling through the

water, and

when an echo

is detected, the

stylus

makes another mark on the

paper. The

depth of the object

which reflected the echo can be

read in feet, fathoms, or meters by

comparing its location on the

paper

to the depth scale

printed

on the paper.

The

paper speed is controlled

by a variable speed motor During

one revolution of the stylus

belt, a

very

narrow mark will be made by

the flexible stylus, but the paper

will move a small amount before

the next revolution. Each mark will

blend into the one before so that a

composite picture" of the target

will be made, one tiny mark at a

time.

INSTALLATION

Mounting —

The

depth sounder may be

installed in any

convenient area,

provided

the unit can be tilted for

the best viewing angle. Holes in

the bracket base allow wood

screw or bolt mounting.

A wood

stiffener may be required on the

back of thin fiberglass panels

support the unit.

Make certain there is enough

room on the back side of the unit

to attach the power and trans-

PULLEY

DRIVE

-STYLUS

DRIVE

BELT

• STYLUS

PULLEY

on the X-16. Because the

transmitted power is greater,

stronger signals are transmitted

into the water. This will increase

the depth range of the unit and

the signal to noise ratio, plus the

ability to see small detail is

enhanced. For installation

instructions on the LPB-1

92, read

the owner's manual included with

the power booster.

To turn the power

booster

on,

press

12- 2nd -5.

To turn

the power

booster

off,

press

2nd - 8.

FREQUENCY CONVERTER

The Model LXC-16 frequency

converter allows the X-16 to use

either a 50 kHz or 192 kHz

operating frequency at the

discretion of the

operator. It can be

switched from 192 to 50 kHz at

any

time by using

the keyboard.

For installation instructions, see

the owner's manual included with

the LXC-16.

To turn

the frequency converter

on, press 2nd - 5.

To turn

the frequency converter

off, press 2nd - 8.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

CAVITATION Air bubbles trapped

against the transducer. This is

typically

caused by an improper

transducer installation. Aluminum

boats in particular have problems

with cavitation. The problem is

most evident when

travelling at

high speed. Air bubbles are cre-

ated by rivets, strakes, ribs, or

other

objects which then pass

over

the face of the transducer. For the

proper operation of the transducer,

it must have solid contact with the

water at all times.

MICRO-SECOND Unit of mea-

sure. One micro-second is equal

to 0.001 second. Used in sonar to

measure the amount of time the

unit is transmitting. Abbreviation:

W5.

NOISE Any undesired

signal.

Noise can

show up on a graph

recorder as small dots or lines

randomly scattered across the

paper. It can be caused by electri-

cal sources such as alternators,

spark plugs, improper wiring, or by

mechanical sources, air bubbles

passing over the face of the

transducer,

vibration of the engine,

or a loose transducer mounting.

OUTPUT POWER The amount

of electrical energy applied to the

transducer by the transmitter.

Expressed in wafts, typically

the

higher the output power a sonar

unit

has, the deeper it can

read,

and smaller detail can be shown.

POWER

BOOSTER A device

which connects to the transducer

jack of the sonar unit and

increases its output power.

PULSE LENGTH The length of

time that the sonar unit

transmits

a pulse of sound into the water

This

period of time is very short

and is usually referred to in micro-

seconds. Also called Pulse Width.

RANGE Maximum depth that a

sonar unit is set to display.

For

example, a range setting of 0-60

feet on a graph means that the

maximum depth that can be dis-

played before the bottom echo

drops off the chart paper is 60

feet.

RESOLUTION The

ability of a

sonar unit to separate targets.

This ability is determined by the

pulse length of the unit. If

the

pulse length is very short, 50

micro-seconds for example, then

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

be used to help alleviate this

condition.

LORAN-C

INTERFACE

A remarkable advantage of the

X-16 is its

ability

to print

Loran-C

coordinates in either

Time Differen-

ces (ID's) or Latitude and Longi-

tude. (NOTE:

The

X-16 has been

designed to use

only the Lowrance

Loran-C

receiver.)

To connect the

Loran to the X-16, simply splice

the

white and black

wire on the X-16's

power

cable to the

white and black

wire on the Loran-Cs

power

cable.

(See Figure 2 on page 3.) After the

proper connections have been

.i.:: I—

I1iI

24.0 ——I

p6.0

—— —

26.0

B.0— 48.0—

60.Ofl—

Figure 46

made, turn on both the Loran and

the X-16. After the Loran has

acquired

the

signals, press

2nd - 0.

The Loran coordinates will imme-

diately be printed vertically

down

the paper. Either Latitude and

Longitude or Time Differences

(TD's)

will be printed on the paper

depending on the mode the Loran

is in. If 2nd - 0 is pressed and no

Loran is connected, the unit will

stop pulling paper

and printing for

approximately four seconds.

POWER BOOSTER

A power booster, Model

LPB-192, is available that will

increase the transmitter's output

power of the X-16. It can be

turned on or off by the keyboard

ducer cables. There should also

be enough room to allow the front

panel door to open.

If the desired location is closer

than 18" to a magnetic compass, a

trial run should be made with the

unit in operation to be sure that

the compass readings are not

affected.

POWER CONNECTIONS

Twelve volt DC power for the

depth sounder should be supplied

by the boat's 12 volt electrical

system. The power cable

may be

attached to an accessory or power

buss, but if you have problems

with electrical interference, the

cable should be attached directly

to the battery.

If a longer

cable is required, use

ordinary #18 lamp cord available

at any

hardware or electrical sup-

ply store. Splices should be

soldered, however, if this isn't

done, then use crimp-type splices.

Tape all splices with electrical

tape.

There are two types

of noise

that can be introduced into the

sonar system if an improper

installation is made, electrical

noise picked up by the transducer

or power cable, and acoustic noise

picked up by the transducer.

Acoustic noise is caused by

water turbulence, air bubbles

FIGURE 2

passing over the transducer, and

cavitation where a partial vacuum

is formed by the flow of water. This

noise is minimized by following

carefully the transducer installation

instructions concerning location of

the transducer.

Electrical noise is caused mainly

by the boat engine's ignition sys-

tem. Keep the transducer cable

and power cable away from possi-

ble sources of electrical inter-

ference. Again, connect the

power

cable directly to the battery if

possible, not the boat's wiring

harness.

Cavitation and electrically

induced noise can be generated if

a careless installation has been

made, but the Suppressor circuit

and Discrimination is effective in

combatting both. Before initial use

or after prolonged storage, better

water-to-transducer contact will be

made if the face of the transducer

is washed with mild detergent and

warm water. Positive contact with

the water is essential to reduce

cavitation noise caused by bub-

bles on the transducer face.

An in-line fuse holder with a 4

amp fuse is supplied with the

X-1 6. Be certain to install this as

close to the

power source (such

as the boat battery or power buss)

as possible. This will protect both

the sonar unit and the

power

SUMMARY OF COMMANDS

COMMAND

CLEAR ENTRY

ALTERNATE TRANSM IT

FUNCTION

CLEAR

ON/OFF

DISCRIMINATION

PAPER SAVE

PAPER SPEED

POWER BOOSTER

PRESS KEY:

CLEAR ENTRY

UPPER & LOWER

LIMIT

0-4

0-7

ON/OFF

- DISC

- 2nd - 6

- PAPER SPEED

2nd - 5, ON/2nd - 7,

OFF

PRINT INTENSITY

SUPPRESSOR

SURFACE CLARITY (SCC)

FEET

0-2

0-7

FATHOMS

METERS

- 2nd - LINES

- 2nd - 9

- SCC

2nd - 1

2nd - 2

2nd - 3

OFE

(Negative)

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

cable in the event a short occurs.

Crimp

connectors are supplied to

attach the fuse holder to the

power cable. The red wire in the

power cable is the

positive con-

ductor The black wire is the

ground or negative conductor.

The graph is protected from

accidental polarity reversals and

no damage will occur if the wires

are reversed. The unit will not

operate until the proper polarity

applied.

FIGURE 3

When

installing the power

cable,

you will find two extra wires com-

ing

from the power

cable. The

green one is for an optional Power

Booster and the other

white wire

is for connection to a Loran C

receiver If neither of these fea-

tures are going

to be used, tape

the ends of the

green

and white

wires so that

they

cannot short

Refer to the Advanced Operation

section for more information on

these wires.

TRANSDUCER SELECTION

Lowrance offers you the choice

of transducers with either an 8 or

20 degree cone

angle that will

interchange with any

of our 192

kHz sonar units. In other

words,

any Lowrance sonar instrument

can be used with any

Lowrance

transducer of the same frequency

without retuning of any kind, and

no loss of performance. However,

the use of any

other manufac-

turer's transducer will result in a

loss of performance.

Now you

can select the trans-

ducer design and cone angle

best fit your specific needs. Gen-

erally, wide cone

angle transdu-

cers

(20 degrees) are ideally

suited for operating in shallow

water or at medium depths. The

20 degree cone

angle

allows

you

to see more of the underwater

world. In 15 feet of water the 20

degree cone covers an area of the

bottom thath about 6 feet across.

The 8 degree transducer covers

only about a 2 foot circle.

way

to slow the chart paper The

chart below gives the range

the

Paper Save function and the

amount that each level slows the

paper.

To enable the Paper Save

function, simply press the level of

paper

save desired, then 2nd,

then 6. The paper should slow

immediately. For example,

suppose you

wish to slow the

paper

down to 1/4 its present

speed. Press 3 - 2nd - 6 and the

paper

will now be traveling four

times slower than its previous

speed.

When the Paper Save function

is enabled, the X-16 will print

PSV= and the level of paper save

that you

selected. For example, in

our previous example the Paper

Save value was 3. The X-1 6 will

print PSV=3 on the bottom line of

the chart paper (See Figure 45.)

- — -- 1

Lao

34.0 - - -

360

48,0

•

60.OFT— rL LOUPAITCE PSU3

Figure 45

The Paper Save function can

also be used with the Alternate

Transmit and Print function which

will cut

any Paper Save

speed in

half. This gives fourteen different

paper speeds selectable by the

operator.

To disable the Paper Save

function, simply press 0 - 2nd - 6,

and the paper will speed up.

PRINT INTENSITY

Three levels of print intensity are

provided for different conditions.

The stylus printing can be

adjusted to print lighter or darker

by using the Print Intensity mode.

When the X-16 leaves the factory,

the Print Intensity is set to level 1.

To change this setting, press the

level of intensity desired, from 0 to

2 (0 is lightest, 2 is darkest) and

then press 2nd - LINES.

For example, if the stylus is

printing too light, press 2 - 2nd -

LINES and the markings on the

chart paper should become

darker

This feature is useful when a

stylus becomes old. By using the

'2" level or darkest level, the

printing can

improve. If, when

using very

slow paper speeds, the

record has much overprint due to

multiple stylus strikes in a small

area, the '0" or lightest level can

PAPER SAVE

LEVEL CHART SPEED REDUCED TO

1 1/2

2 1/

3 1/4

4 1/5

5 1/6

6 1/

7 1/

FIGURE 4

Co,e

AnSI. I

O.pth

L. 7ft lIlt I

II" 4 I

III' 11 13

1240 28 7' I

50'

100'

150'

200'

8°at3db

4 25

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

keyboard

the initial pulse length

desired and then press the PULSE

key. For example, to set the initial

transmit pulse length to 1 00 micro-

seconds, press 1 - 0 - 0 - PULSE.

This will override the micro-com-

puter's selection and set the initial

transmitter pulse length

to 100

micro-seconds. P

100 will be

printed at the bottom of the paper

to signify that

the entry has been

confirmed. (Note: When an initial

transmit pulse length is set, this

length will be fixed for all depth

settings until changed.)

To return

control back to the

micro-computer, press 0 - PULSE

and the micro-computer will select

the initial pulse length.

ALTERNATE

TRANSMIT AND

When using the X-16 in deep

water, or if

you

wish to simply

conserve paper, it may

be desir-

able to slow the paper speed even

more than the automatic system

allows. However, when doing so,

you may get over print" or very

dark, heavy printing over an area

that is difficult to read. Much detail

can also be lost due to this.

A feature that is available on the

X-16 is the Alternate Transmit and

Print function which, when acti-

vated, causes the stylus to print

every other revolution instead of

every revolution. This accom-

plishes four

things:

1. Since the stylus only prints

every other revolution, the

recorded information doesn't have

the "over print" problem, therefore

good records are attainable at

slower paper speeds. Also, the

scale numbers are spread out

more, making them more legible.

2. Reduces the possibility of

"wrap-around". This is the undesir-

able occurrence of the second or

third bottom echo

printed on the

paper at the top or middle of the

page. Many times this can inter-

fere with fish or other

targets

that

you

wish to see.

3. Reduces the reverberation

effect. This happens mainly on

lower

frequency units, but it can

happen on higher frequency mod-

els. Reverberation is heavy,

scattered noise marks caused by

the transmitted signal becoming

trapped between the surface and

the

bottom, usually scattered in

heavy plankton layers or baitfish

schools. This causes a great many

lines to be printed on the page. By

enabling the Transmit and Print

function, the transmitter is trig-

gered only half as many times as

normal, puffing less energy into

the water (same amount of trans-

miller power, just not as often)

which reduces the amount of

noise seen.

4. Divides the paper speed by

two. A significant amount of paper

can be saved by using the Alter-

nate Transmit and Print feature.

To turn this feature on, simply

press the 2nd key, then press the

"4" key. The paper speed will

immediately slow

down, signifying

that the function is enabled.

To turn the Alternate Transmit

and Print feature off, simply press

the 2nd key and then press the

"7" key. The paper speed will

immediately speed up, signifying

that the function has been turned

off.

PAPER SAVE

Although the Alternate Transmit

and Print function will slow the

paper speed, the

Paper Save

function is an even more powerful

Thus, you would use a 20

degree transducer when looking

for fish or strubture,

to easily

find

drop-offs or reefs, and to see fish

that are around you . . . not just

below you. However,

the 20

degree transducer won't

penetrate

to greater depths as well as the 8

degree transducer, nor will it show

a sharp drop-off as well. In a

deep-water environment (100 feet

or deeper) or where you're

looking

at sharp drop-offs, the narrow

cone angle can sometimes be

more desirable because it can

more accurately detect the loca-

tion of the drop-off without

displaying the fish. In deep water,

with the sound energy being con-

centrated in a smaller area, the 8

degree transducer can reach to

greater depths.

Both the 8 degree and the 20

degree transducers give accurate

bottom readings, even though the

bottom signal is much wider on

the 20 degree model because

you

are seeing more of the bottom.

Remember,

the shallow edge of

the signal shows you the true

depth. The rest of the signal tells

you whether

you

are over rocks,

mud, dropoffs, etc.

Thanks to the LSB-200A trans-

ducer switch

box, you can have

the best of both worlds. By install-

ing

the LSB-200A near the

operator, both a 20 degree and an

8 degree cone angle transducer

may be mounted on a boat and

connected to the switch box. A

cable from the switch box is then

connected to the X-16. Now

either transducer may

be used as

conditions dictate. Use the 20

degree transducer when in shal-

low to medium depths and then

switch to the 8 degree transducer

when in deep water or when you

need just navigation information.

Salt water boats need to have

the transducer

painted with a thin

coat of anti-foulant paint

to prevent

organisms from growing. If un-

checked, barnacles and other

marine growth will cause a

decrease in the transducer's sen-

sitivity. Do not use a metal based

anti-foulant paint

as it will de-

crease the transducers sensitivity

also. There are special paints on

the market specifically designed

for transducers and are carried

most marine dealers.

BASIC OPERATION

On-Off and Sensitivity Control —

Rotate the Sensitivity knob

clockwise to turn the unit on. The

Sensitivity knob works much like

the volume control on a radio, that

is, weaker signals will be detected

with higher settings

of the knob.

When cruising, or at other times

when

just simple bottom contour

information is desired, the Sen-

sitivity setting can be low. In deep

water or over soft, muddy bottoms,

(which produce weak echoes), the

setting will have to be higher.

When high Sensitivity settings

are used, a second bottom echo

will appear. This is normal and is

caused by the returning signal

reflecting off the surface of the

water, making a second trip to the

bottom and back.

If detailed information about

brush piles, individual fish, or the

thermocline is desired, the Sen-

sitivity

knob should be rotated to

approximately the ¾ point. Refer

to the illustrations on page 6 to

see what effect the Sensitivity

control setting has on the recorded

information.

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

Recording individual fish with an

"arched" signature

can usually be

accomplished at trolling speed

with the Sensitivity

knob at the ¾

point, or higher. Refer to the

section 'Arched

Signatures" for

more information about this impor-

tant function of the recorder.

12.0

244 / b'240

36,0 360

480

FIGURE 6

CLEAR ENTRY

The CLEAR ENTRY key is used

when a mistake has been made

when entering a command to the

unit. If, for example, you wish to

set the lower depth limit to 500

feet, and by accident, you press

509. BEFORE you press the

LOWER LIMIT key, you can press

the CLEAR ENTRY key which

erases the mistake, and allows

you to re-enter the correct

command.

DISCRIMINATION

Noise pulses are the largest

complaint most often received

about sonar units. Lowrance has

had the patented Suppression

system for many years which is

quite effective at eliminating noise

from the display.

The only draw-

back to the Suppression system is

that it increases the transmitter's

pulse length which

decreases res-

olution and causes

targets that are

close together to merge into one

"blob" instead of two distinct

images.

Discrimination is a program

installed in the X-16's micro-

processor that enables it to

process the output

from the

receiver, determine which signals

are noise and eliminate them, then

print only the legitimate echoes.

Using this concept, the transmit-

ted pulse does not have to be

increased, therefore records with

high resolution and high noise

immunity can be achieved.

Discrimination is interlaced with

Suppression, however, and some

suppression is used when higher

levels of Discrimination are

chosen. For a complete explana-

tion of Suppression and

Discrimination, see the Advanced

Operation section entitled "Sup-

pression". There are five levels of

Discrimination that can be used.

(0) is the lowest level whereas the

highest value (4) is the stron9est

level and should be used only

when severe noise is present.

Another advantage of Discrimi-

nation is its ability to filter out

interference from other depth

sounders. This allows the simul-

taneous operation of a digital

depth sounder and the X-16. Turn

both units on. If interference from

Suppressor level by using the

Suppressor control at any level

above 3. The Suppressor control

will override the automatic selec-

tion

that Discrimination chose. If a

suppression level greater than 0 is

selected by the operator, then the

X-16 will print an "F' after the

Discrimination level, For example if

the Discrimination

level is 1 and

the Suppressor level is set (or

"fixed") to 3, then the

X-16 will

print "D

1 F'. This is a reminder

that some level of suppression is

in use. (See Figure 43.)

- —

lab - 12.0

24.0

- - 84,0

36.0

4S.0—

60,0FT——B1F--L0URAr1CE 60

OFT-j

FIGURE 43

PULSE

In the Suppressor section of this

manual, we explained the relation-

ship between pulse length

and

target separation. As pulse length

increases, target separation, As

pulse length increases, target sep-

aration or resolution is degraded

but deep water penetration

improves. However,

if the pulse

width is decreased, resolution

becomes much better. The

X-16

allows you to take advantage of

this fact by making it possible to

override the initial transmitter

pulse length setting from what

the

micro-computer selects according

to the Lower Limit.

The initial transmitter pulse

length can be set from 30 ps to

1700 ps by entering it on the

keyboard. By setting the initial

transmitter pulse with to 100 jis, a

three inch resolution is obtained,

50 ps equivalent

to an inch and a

half, and 30 ps initial transmit

pulse

length is equal to one inch

resolution! No other graph

recorder in the market today

can

give you this feature. After

setting

the initial transmitter pulse length,

the Discrimination

function can be

used to eliminate noise and still

have good resolution.

The X-16 will display the initial

transmitter pulse length at the

bottom of the paper when

you

over-ride the micro-computer.

distinguish the initial transmitter

pulse from the other information

printed on the paper,

the graph

will print P=100 (if

the pulse

is set

to 100 micro-seconds.)

A 50 ps

initial pulse length

would be dis-

played as P=50. (See Figure 44.)

NOTE: If a

pulse length 110

micro-seconds or less is chosen

by the operator,

the Suppressor is

disabled. Also, less than max-

imum power is transmitted when

the pulse length is less than 100

micro-seconds.

To set the initial transmitter

pulse length, simply press on the

FIGURE 5 SENSITIVITY: TOO LOW

0.0 0

-' L\ 4

SENSITIVITY: PROPER SETTING

Figure 44

6 23

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

selected, the transmit

pulse length

would be: 525 + 200 = 725

micro-seconds. We added the ini-

tial transmit

pulse of 525 micro-

seconds which is listed in the

initial transmit

pulse

chart, to 200

micro-seconds, which is Sup-

pressor level 3, according to the

Discrimination - Suppressor chart.

So the total initial transmit

pulse

length is 725 micro-seconds. Now,

if we want,

we can increase the

PAPER SPEED CONTROL

This key adjusts

the

speed of

the chart paper. Its range is 0 to 7.

When the X-16 is first turned

on,

the paper speed is set to level 5.

This setting is good for detailed

graphs, in shallow to medium

depths when trolling.

It will show proper fish arches at

low speeds and keeps high speed

information from being com-

pressed. The paper speed should

be turned down when using

the

unit in deep water. This will pre-

vent gaps

from appearing in the

record. In fact, the microcomputer

will automatically slow the max-

imum speed of the chart paper

when operating in deep water.

To change the speed of the

chart paper, simply press the new

level desired, from 0 to 7, then

press the PAPER SPEED key. The

paper speed should change

immediately.

Remember, if

gaps in the record

appear,

turn the

paper speed

down until a solid record is

achieved. The paper speed may

also be slowed when not looking

for fish or to simply conserve

paper. If heavy printing, or "over-

strike" occurs, turn the paper

speed up. Overstrike happens

when the paper

moves too slow

past the stylus, which causes the

stylus to print over a large portion

of the previous mark. This makes

heavy, black marks on the chart

paper. Usually, the easiest

way to

solve this problem is to turn the

paper speed up. However,

Alter-

nate Transmit and Print or the

Paper Save function listed in the

Advanced Operation section in this

manual, may help also.

GRAYLINE CONTROL

The GRAYLINE function can be

SUPPRESSOR LEVEL INITIAL TRANSMIT PULSE INCREASE

(micro-seconds)

0 AUTOMATIC

1 0

2 100

3 200

4 330

5 450

6 600

7 800

the digital shows

up on the X-16

• (random short lines running ver-

tically across the paper), then

increase the Discrimination level

until they are gone.

To use the Discrimination func-

tion, simply press the level of

noise rejection desired, from 0 to

4, then the Disc (Discrimination)

key. There should be an immedi-

ate change in the amount of noise

present on the paper. The Discrim-

ination setting is printed at the

bottom of the paper

each time the

level is entered and at intervals

thereafter. When the X-16 is

shipped from the

factory,

the Dis-

crimination level is set to 1.

The Discrimination function can

be disabled at any

time by press-

ingO-DISC.

Example: Enter a Discrimination

level of 4.

IF INITIAL TRANSMIT PULSE LENGTH IS LESS THAN 500 MICRO-

SECONDS:

DISCRIMINATION LEVEL SUPPRESSOR LEVEL

0 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

IF INITIAL TRANSMIT PULSE LENGTH IS GREATER THAN 500

MICRO- SECONDS:

DISCRIMINATION LEVEL SUPPRESSOR LEVEL

0 1

1 2

2 3

3 4

4 5

FIGURE 7 ----0.0--—

is automatically increased when

the Discrimination level is

increased. This is done for better

noise rejection. The

following chart

shows the relationship

between

Suppression and Discrimination.

Remember,

Suppressor value 1

adds nothing to the initial transmit

pulse length.

In other

words, if the lower limit

selected was 525 feet and a

Discrimination level of 2 was

PRESS: 4 - DISC FIGURE 8

—nfl ———-— — — — ——__________

12.0 • 12.0

24.0 fl' --

• ' • -•

48,0

22 7

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

used to outline the bottom contour

which

might

otherwise be hidden

beneath trees and brush; it can

also give clues to the composition

of the bottom. A hard bottom

returns a very strong signal caus-

ing a wide gray line. A soft, muddy

or weedy bottom returns a weaker

signal which is emphasized

with a

narrow gray line. Do not advance

the control too far or it will gray

line on the target completely,

showing no black, which makes

the target

difficult to see.

RANGE

The range

function utilizes the

keyboard to select

any range

between 0 and 8000' in 1 foot

increments. Please read this sec-

tion carefully

to get the most out of

the X-16's range capabilities.

LOWER LIMIT

When you first turn on the X-1

the range will be 0-60 feet.

To change to a deeper range,

simply press the desired depth on

the keyboard, and then press the

LOWER LIMIT

key.

NOTE: Remember, any depth may

be used as a lower limit displayed

at the bottom of the chart paper.

Example: Change range to 0-256

Press: 2-5 -6- LOWER LIMIT

Note that the paper speed

slows

automatically at this range setting.

down to a minimum when looking

for fish.

However,

it is helpful sometimes

to have longer pulse

width when

resolution is not a concern. When

using a sonar in deeper

water, it is

easier for the unit to detect a

longer pulse coming back from the

bottom or from fish. This is called

"Probability of Echo Detection".

The probability of the unit

being

able to detect an echo returning

from

deep water is diminished

because the further the sound

pulse has to travel, the weaker it

becomes. By broadening the pulse

length, in essence, a larger signal

is transmitted and it is easier for

the receiver to detect it.

For this reason, the micro-com-

puter

in the X-1 6 automatically

increases the initial pulse length of

the unit as deeper

lower limits are

set

by the operator. (Note: Initial

pulse length is the pulse length of

the unit when the Suppressor

control is set to minimum.)

From 200 feet to 599 feet, the

initial pulse length increases at the

same rate as the depth. For

example, with the LOWER LIMIT

set to 260 feet, the initial transmit

pulse length would be 260 p5. If

the LOWER LIMIT is set to 390

feet, the initial transmit

pulse

would be 390 ps. The

pulse

length from 600 - 879 feet is the

depth plus 4 micro-seconds Qis)

per foot OVER 600 feet. In other

words, with a lower limit of 700

feet, the initial transmit

pulse

length would be 1100 micro-

seconds.

The transmit

pulse length can

be increased from the initial point

at any

time

by using the

Suppressor control. The maximum

amount of pulse length added to

the initial transmitter pulse length

is approximately 800 micro-

seconds. In other

words, if the

LOWER LIMIT is set to 420 feet,

and the Suppressor control is

increased to the maximum, (press

7 - 2nd - 9) the transmitter pulse

length would be 1220 micro-

seconds. (420 initial + 800 =

1220.)

The amount that the initial

transmit

pulse length is increased

with suppression is listed in the

following chart. Remember, the

number in the right hand column

is the amount added to the initial

transmit pulse length.

When Suppressor level 0" is

chosen, the suppressor level is

automatic. This ties in with the

Discrimination feature. As different

levels of Discrimination are

selected, and the

Suppressor level

is set to 0", the suppression level

— 12.0— 120—

—240 -

—240-—-

—360—--———- — 260—

—400--—— ——480—

feet.

—

60.OFT—— 3=1—-—— LOIJRAMCE - - - 60.OFT

FIGURE 11

Example: Change range to 0-75

Press: 7 - 5 - LOWER LIMIT

FIGURE 9 —15.0—--— _——-— 15.0—

—

30.0 - ________—---— 30.0——

45.0 - — ——-—450

600——-— ——--—-— — —600

—75 OFT —

111

— —— — LD4RFMCE——-— 75 OFT

FIGURE 12

FIGURE 10 GRAYLINE "ON"

INITIAL

LOWER TRANSMIT

LIMIT PULSE WIDTH

(feet) (micro-seconds)

1-19 110

20-29 130

30-199 160

200

599 Same as LOWER LIMIT

600

879 Same as LOWER LIMIT + 4ps/ft

over 600'

880

maximum 1700

j.s

feet.

8 21

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

0:THH

t; H'

j/ 'yL

j/'11 if,

FIGURE 40

graph record becomes coarse and

the

ability

to separate fish from the

bottom or from other fish will be

decreased. (See Figure 41 & 42.)

Therefore, the lower

the

suppression setting, the better.

Increase the Suppressor setting

only as far as necessary to

remove the erratic, unwanted

noise marks. Most of the time at

low or trolling speeds, no

suppression will be necessary.

To use the Suppressor, simply

press the desired amount of

suppression desired, from 0 to 7,

and then press the 2nd key and

the 9 key. For example, if you

wanted to increase the

suppression level to 5, then you

would press: 5 - 2nd - 9, in that

order. When any Suppressor level

other than 0 is chosen, the level is

printed on the bottom line of the

chart paper. For example, if the

suppressor level is set to 5, then

the X-16

will print: SUP=5.

The only disadvantage to this

system is that resolution, or the

ability to separate targets, is

diminished when the pulse length

is increased. A 200 is (micro-

second) transmitter pulse length

used on the X-16 when power is

first

turned

on, will allow

the unit

to display two fish or targets that

are only 6 inches apart. In other

words, if two fish that are 6 inches

apart

are displayed on the

graph

paper, they

will show up as two

separate arches when the trans-

mitter is operating with a 200 ps

pulse

length. Now, if we increase

the transmitter's pulse length to

400 ps, (by increasing the Sup-

pressor) those

same two fish

arches will blend together and

show up as one fish or

possibly even a 'blob" on the

paper.

With a 400 is transmit

pulse

width, those

same two fish will

have to be at least 12 inches apart

before they

will show up as two

separate arches on the

graph.

This is why it is important

to leave

the Suppressor control turned

256.OFT 01 LOIJRAIICE 256.OFT

FIGURE 13

UPPER LIMIT

Many times it is desirable to

expand a section of the area that

is displayed on the graph recorder

to show more detail. This is made

possible by the X-16 to show

segments of the underwater world

by using the UPPER LIMIT func-

tion. Using the UPPER LIMIT key

allows you to display any depth

range at the top of the chart

paper.

Example: Turn on unit and set

range

to 20 - 60 feet.

Press: 2 - 0 - UPPER LIMIT

Press: 6 - 0 - LOWER LIMIT

20.0 - —-- ---20,0 -:

23.0-- — —-----—- - -28.0

36.0

——--- — -

36.0

44.0-— --—— —-— 44.0

52.0 —---— —

66.2 61.2-—-

_ —— —- 66.6- -

?2.OFT

--- 31-— —-

LPMCE — 72.PFT—

FIGURE 15

The Upper and Lower Limits

can be used in various combina-

tions to show segments from the

surface to the bottom and any-

where in between. A one foot

segment of the depth can be

displayed at any

time, if desired.

Representative samples

of chart

paper

are shown in the back of

this manual.

If you

wish to display your depth

settings

at any

time,

simply press

the 2nd key and then the SCALE

key. The current range

will be

printed on the paper immediately.

This will not change the

depth

selling.

NOTE:

Although the maximum

lower limit of the

depth range is

8000 feet, the actual depth that

the X-16 will reach is dependent

on water conditions, bottom condi-

tions, and the quality of the

transducer installation. Typically,

the X-16 will reach a depth of

approximately 1000 feet without a

power booster. You may get more

or less depending on conditons.

LINES

When the X-16 is first turned

on,- depth lines will be printed on

the paper. If you desire to turn the

Lines

off, press the LINES key. To

turn the lines back

on, press the

LINES key again.

-on ___0.0

l;f 'F'?Ii1irr;ç, flr!il..6!r1j!jI!!!I

0.0 l,O — -

-51.2 —- 51.2— —- -- 50.4 -

102.4—--— —-—--——--—-——— 102.4

653.6 —— 153.6--

FIGURE 42 SIJPPRESSION:TOOHIGH

— —-- —— 204.0 --

-. —-,- \...

-' - , ' ekF

'4,':

$'SWC

- r ' ''1 ''

4rzrr—" OURAIICE

FIGURE 41 PROPER SETFING I.

60.6 FT

——

----——----

LOURAIICE —- -—--

60.0 FT

FIGURE 14

Example: Set range to 45 - 72

feet.

Press: 4 - 5 - UPPER LIMIT

Press: 7 - 2 - LOWER LIMIT

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

12.0

24.0

26.0

49.0

60.0 Ft 21 L0IJRAHCE

FIGURE 16

MARKER

An event marker function is

included in the X-1 6 so that events

may be marked when desired. To

use the

marker, simply press the

MARK key and a vertical line will

be displayed across the entire

page. Hold the MARK key down

and a vertical line will be printed

for as long as the

key is held

down.

Example:

Press: MARK

SCALE

The numbers that indicate the

depth or scale

may be deleted if

desired. Pressing the SCALE key

once will stop

the printing of the

scale numbers. The scale may

displayed again by pressing the

SCALE key.

Remember, the scale may

displayed at any time by pressing

the 2nd key and then the SCALE

key.

Example:

Press: SCALE

—

FIGURE 18

MEMORY/RESET

The Lowrance X-16 has an

internal battery

that keeps power

supphed to the memory circuits

even when

the

power switch is

turned off. The power cable may

be unplugged from the unit and

the X-16 will still remember the

last settings that were in effect

when the unit was turned off or

removed from the boat. To reset

the X-16's functions to their factory

settings, turn the unit on and

press the 2nd key and then press

the MARK key. The unit will then

be set up as follows:

FUNCTION

RANGE

DISCRIMINATION

PULSE WIDTH

SUPPRESSION

PRINT INTENSITY

PAPER SPEED

5CC

PAPER SAVE

The SCC

control tracks the

lower limit depth range and works

on the upper

60% of the chosen

range, with zero always being the

upper

limit, regardless of the

upper limit displayed on the

paper

The maximum effective depth for

SCC is 255 feet.

The effect on surface clutter

should immediately be seen. Use

only the amount of SCC

required

to reduce the clutter, as fish

signals can be eliminated by using

this method, also.

If you

wish to turn the 5CC

function OFF, simply press 0 -

SCC and the SCC function will be

disabled.

12.0 - t2.0—

240 240—

36.0 26.0

49.0

60.0 FT

—

— LOl/RANCE 60.0 st

FIGURE 38 -

SCC: 2

SUPPRESSOR

The Suppressor is a noise

suppression system consisting of

a patented pulse

length

discrimination suppression circuit.

It is the same as the one used on

all Lowrance variable suppression

flashers and graphs. Basically, it

works on the

principle that most

noise

pulses are of relatively short

duration, If the receiver circuit can

be adjusted so that it

will accept

only long pulses, then the short

pulses will be cancelled out, and

only the

desired information (fish,

bottom, structure, etc.) will be

displayed. Of course, the

transmitter's pulse length would

have to be increased at the same

time

so that the return echoes

would be accepted by the receiver.

This is exactly what the

Lowrance suppression system

does. The

transmitter's pulse

length is increased by using the

keyboard, and the receiver 'tracks"

the amount of increased pulse

length, cancelling out any

narrow

noise

pulses, and displaying only

the return echoes from fish or the

bottom, etc. (Note: receiver

sensitivity is not diminished at all

by this process.)

Noise, in electronic terms, is

any

undesired signal. It can be

caused by an electrical source,

(such as the engine's ignition

system) or by air bubbles in

disturbed water which is called

cavitation. In both cases, the noise

could produce unwanted marks on

the paper. (See Figures 39 & 40.)

Fortunately,

noise pulses are

relatively short in time

compared

to real sonar signals. Increasing

the Suppression will cause the

system to reject these unwanted,

short pulses without

reducing the

sensitivity in any way.

This patented design is

exclusive with Lowrance. However,

with high suppression settings, the

Example: Turn lines off:

Press: LINES key

12.0

240

36.0

40.0

60.0FT

12.0

240 -

36.0

40.0

60.OFT 91

FIGURE 17

12.0

24.0

26.0

40.0

L0URAMCE LEVEL

0-60 FEET

0 (automatic)

FIGURE 39

to 19

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

washed periodically with mild

soapy water to remove any

accu-

mulated road

grime or oily film.

This is essential to have good

contact between the transducer

and the water.

Periodically,

the rubber roller on

the paper

drive should be cleaned

with a cloth

dampened with alco-

hol to improve the friction on the

metering roller drive.

Don't open the case or the

transport assembly

when the unit

is running. The stylus holder and

stylus may

be damaged or per-

sonal injury may result.

TROUBLESHOOTING

ADVANCED OPERATION

Surface Clarity Control (SCC)

The surface markings at the top

the chart paper

can, at times,

extend many

feet below the

surface. This often interferes with

fish signals or other

targets. This

is called Surface Clutter and is

caused by algae and plankton, air

bubbles caused by wave action or

boat wakes, bait

fish, or

temperature inversions.

The surface clutter

markings

can be reduced or eliminated by

using the SOC control key on the

front

panel keyboard.

To use the 3CC, press key 1

thru 7 (depending upon the

amount of 3CC desired) and then

the SCC

key. 1 has a minimum

effect on surface clutter, 7 has the

maximum effect on reducing

surface clutter. 2 thru 6 have

intermediate effects. The amount

of SCC that is used is printed at

the bottom of the chart paper. If

one level of SCC is used, then

3CC-i is printed. Two levels,

SCC-2, etc.

POWER BOOSTER OFF

ALTERNATE TRANSMIT &

PRINT OFF

LINES ON

SCALES ON

FREQUENCY

CONVERTER OFF

BATTERY BACKUP ON

If you

do not recognize some of

the functions listed above, look in

the Advanced Operation section of

this manual for more instructions.

The

Memory function can be

turned on or off as desired. When

the Memory function is turned off,

only the depth mode (Feet,

Fathoms, or Meters) will be

retained.

To turn the Memory function off,

press ii -2nd-5.

To turn the Memory function on,

press 10- 2nd -5.

FEET, FATHOMS,

METERS

The X-i 6 will display the depth

in feet, fathoms, or meters.

Although the unit will revert back

to the feet mode whenever the

2nd - MARK feature is used

(see

above), it is simple to change to

any mode you wish by pressing

the 2nd key and then 1 for

feet,

2nd - 2 for fathoms, and 2nd - 3

for meters.

When the unit

is in the Feet

mode, the letters 'PT" will be

displayed next to the lower limit

depth scale. In the Fathom mode,

the letters "FA" will be displayed,

and the letter "M" will be

displayed when the unit is in the

meters mode.

6.0

0.0----—

to.0FA-— - 01

— L0tdHCE— — IO.DFA—

FIGURE 19

By looking at the lower limit

scale printed on the chart paper,

one can determine if the unit is in

feet (FT), fathoms (FA),

or meters

(M). The unit can be switched

from one mode to another at any

time.

END-OF-PAPER MARKER

The graph paper used in the

X-i 6 has a red line printed at the

bottom of the paper

to signify

when there is only 2 to 3 feet

before the end of the paper.

ZERO ADJUST

Occasionally, when changing

the stylus or stylus belt,

the zero

line does not print at the same

Example: Display Fathoms

Press: 2nd - 2

— 2.0---

Symptom

On/Off switch is "ON", but the

stylus and paper

don't move

On/Off switch is "ON", have zero

mark, but no bottom signal or

echoes.

The unit works properly when

stopped or at slow

speeds, but

loses the bottom signal at high

speed, or makes heavy

black

lines.

Blank spots

in record.

Paper stops pulling.

What

To Do

Check fuse; check connections at

battery for tightness and corrosion.

Be sure the transducer is plugged

into

the unit and the transducer is

making contact with the water.

Transducer is improperly installed.

Read transducer installation

instructions for the correct

mounting procedure.

Stylus is "skipping" over areas of

the chart paper. Readjust stylus

according to the diagram on page

?. If this does not help, replace

stylus.

Check paper for binding or

improper tracking. Straighten the

paper and retape it squarely onto

the take-up paper core.

—-.---—:h-n-=

iao

H- 24.0 24.0—i

36,0 36.0

46.0 40.0—

LF1E

FIGURE 20

18 ii

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

place

near the top of the chart

paper. A zero adjust

control has

been placed on the back inside

wall of the X-1 6 near the

upper

left hand corner so that the zero

line position may be adjusted on

the paper.

Open the case front and look for

the decal marked "ZERO

ADJUST". You may

have to pull

the paper transport assembly

down to see the decal for the first

time. Push the transport closed

and turn on the unit. (CAUTION

— Keep hands away from the

stylus belt and stylus. High volt-

age is present.)

Insert a 6-8' long screwdriver

with a l/g" blade into the zero

adjust hole and rotate the control

until the zero line is at the desired

position. (Note: this may also be

adjusted with the unit

turned OFF.)

Adjust

the control, then remove

the screwdriver and turn power

back ON. Repeat until the zero

line is in the desired position.

IV HOW TO READ GRAPHS

'rched

Signatures"

A remarkable advantage of the

X-16 is that it can record individual

fish with a characteristic arched

mark that separates them from

their stationary surroundings. The

reason for this is shown on page

10. (The distance to a fish when it

moves into the sonar's cone of

sound is shown as "A" in Figure

22). When the fish has moved to

the center of the cone, the dis-

tance to it will be shorter, (line

"B"), and as it moves out of the

cone, the distance will increase

again as shown in line "C".

8. Close

the front of the case.

Latch both catches on the top

of the case.

STYLUS BELT REPLACEMENT

CAUTION — High voltage is

present in the electronic section

when the unit is turned on.

1. TURN THE UNIT OFF.

2. Release both catches on the

top of the case. Pull out and

down on the top of the case

front and the platen to expose

the stylus belt.

3. The stylus belt rides over two

pulleys located at the right edge

of the transport assembly.

Move

the front of the belt DOWN to

position the stylus at the center

of the platen.

4. Grasp the belt at the stylus

holder with the thumb and fore-

finger and move it gently

to the

left while

pushing the belt off

the pulleys with the other finger.

(See Figure 37.)

5. Position the new belt on the

pulleys by reversing

the pro-

cedure used to remove the old

one. BE SURE the fingers of

the new stylus are pointed UP.

6. Close the front of the case.

Latch both catches at the top of

the unit.

MAINTENANCE

Remember,

the stylus may be

damaged if it is in front of the

platen when the transport assem-

bly is pulled down. Always move

the

stylus to'the back side of the

transport assembly when chang-

ing the paper. The

stylus belt

should be rotated down to remove

the stylus. Never rotate the stylus

belt

up.

Black carbon dust is created

during the recording process. Use

a soft, oil-free rag to clean the

viewing door and transport assem-

bly. Low pressure compressed air

may

be used to blow dust out of

the case and away from moving

parts if the air is dry and free of oil.

After

every

five rolls of paper,

the

stylus

belt and pulleys it rides

on should be wiped clean with a

soft rag moistened with alcohol to

remove carbon dust.

All mechanical connections

should be checked periodically

be sure they haven't worked loose.

Do not apply any type

of lubri-

cant to the motors or

gear

trains.

High voltage

is present in the

transmitter section when the unit

is on. No attempt should be made

by any

unauthorized person to

modify or repair

the electronic

section.

corrosion should occur at the

power plug, fuse holder, power

cord splices, or battery connec-

tions, clean as required and check

to make sure that good contact is

being made at all terminations.

The face of the transducer,

exposed to the water, should be

FIGURE 22

If a partial arch occurs most of

the time

on your unit, (the

mark

curves up, but not back down, or

vice-versa) it is because the trans-

ducer is not pointed straight down.

If your

transducer is mounted on

the transom, adjust

the transducer

until the fish show the distinctive

arched signature. This

may

take

some trial and error until the

correct mounting is achieved.

FIGURE 21 a :4rwt:rr:

-' ,-,t - -7' _i'"- -.

- ____

,— fl.8 r——r

U E1-—

D2rt-z----- LUWRSS

FIGURE 23

FIGURE 37

12 17

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

10. Push the transport assembly

back to its operating position.

Be sure it engages the catch

inside the case.

11. Close the front of the case.

Latch both catches on the

top.

12. Turn the unit on. Move the

Chart Speed knob fully clock-

wise. Watch the paper long

enough to be sure it is moving

smoothly and evenly across

the platen. If the paper

flutters

or begins to run "uphill",

repeat step

STYLUS REPLACEMENT

CAUTION

— High voltage is

• present in the electronic section

when the unit is turned on.

1. TURN THE UNIT OFF.

2. Release both catches on the

top of the case. Pull out and

• down on the top of the case

front to expose the stylus

belt.

(See Figure 24).

3. The

stylus

belt

rides over two

pulleys located at the right edge

of the transport assembly. Move

the front of the belt DOWN to

position the stylus

at the center

of the platen.

4. Hold the stylus belt

stationary

with one finger, and remove the

old stylus by starting at its left

edge and moving it out from

under the tabs on the stylus

holder.

FIGURE 35

be sure it is bent properly by

comparing it to Figure 34.

6. Refer to Figure 35 to be sure

the new stylus

is positioned

correctly under the tabs on the

holder. Be sure it moves freely

in the two slots. If not, bend the

stylus away from the edge it is

rubbing on until it does move freeIt

N2.o 12.0

f ,[ .ai'o.m 41

7. After installing, if the stylus

won't print all the way down the

paper as shown in Figure 36,

bend the right leg

down so that

more pressure is exerted

against the stainless steel plate.

If it still does not print all the

way, bend the left leg down

more, but not so far that it digs

into the paper.

Sharp, well defined signatures

will occur most often when the

Sensitivity knob is set at the ¾

point, or higher. Remember,

that

there must be some movement

between the boat and the fish to

develop the arched mark, Usually

this means trolling at very

slow

speeds with the main engine in

gear at minimum throttle setting.

THERMOCLINES

The temperature

of water in the

lake is seldom constant from

top

to bottom. Layers of different tem-

peratures form, and the

junction

a warm and cool layer of water is

called a thermocline. (See Figure

23) The depth and thickness of

the thermocline can vary

with the

season or time of day. In deep

lakes there

may

be two or more,

at different depths. Thermoclines

are important to the fisherman

because they are areas where fish

are active. Many times bait fish

will te above the thermocline

while larger game fish suspend

just below it.

Your Lowrance X-16 can detect

this invisible layer in the water, but

the Sensitivity knob will probably

have to be set at the 1/2 point, or

higher.

PAPER LOADING

NOTE: There are many imitators

manufacturing chart paper that is

inferior to ours. Use only

Lowrance LPG-605 or LPG-606

chart paper

in your

X-16.

NOTE —

A stylus is enclosed with

every package of LPG—606 chart

paper. For best results, install the

new stylusevery other time a roll of

chart paper is changed.

CAUTION — High voltage is

present in the electronic section

when the unit is

turned on.

1. TURN THE UNIT OFF.

2. Release both catches on the

top of the case. Pull out and

down on the top of the case

front

to expose the platen

assembly. (See Figure 24).

3. Move the stylus bolt DOWN, to

position the marking stylus on

the back side of the platen.

NEVER move the belt up — it

could damage the stylus. (See

Figure 25).

FIGURE 24

5. Before installing the new stylus,

FIGURE 36

FIGURE 34

FIGURE 25

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

Special Note: The

stylus may

be damaged if the transport

assembly is pulled down

unless the stylus has been

moved to the back side of the

platen.

4. Pull out and down on the tab

at the top center

of the

platen

assembly to expose the

paper

spools. (See Figure 26).

5. To remove the full take-up

roll

and the empty supply spool,

press the two metal tabs

together on the top of the

transport

assembly, and pull

out and down on the paper

retainer. (See Figure 24). The

full take-up

roll can now be

easily removed from the

paper

core shafts. (See Figure 27).

6. Pull the empty supply

core

from the right side in the same

manner Install the

empty

core

onto the take-up shaft. (See

Figure 29). Align the two

notches in the core with the

tabs on the lower

take-up

spool.

7. Slide a fresh roll of Lowrance

chart paper

in position

on the supply side shaft

on the right side of the

platen

assembly. The paper

must

spool off the bottom of the roll.

(See Figure 30).

NOTE: Use Lowrance LPG-605 or

LPG-606 chart paper only.

8. Draw the end of the paper

across the face of the platen,

around the friction roller, over

the take-up core, and tape it

squarely to the take-up

core.

(See Figure 31). Small pieces

14 15

tape may be stored inside

the housing for this purpose.

Close the top of the transport

assembly by pressing the two

tabs together on the paper

retainer and returning the

retainer back to the operating

position. (See Figure 32.)

•0

FIGURE 26

9. Turn the small knob at the

upper left hand side of the

transport assembly to put a

small amount of tension on the

paper. It should be snug

against the platen. (See

Figure

33.).

FIGURE 29 FIGURE 31 FIGURE 33

PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor

Lowrance Electronic X 16 Users Manual

x16 f7353b9e-d52b-468d-9927-41f4fff79eb7 Lowrance electronic Marine GPS System X-16 User Guide |

Navigation menu

Versions of this User Manual:

Views

Navigation