MTI 6220CSU-ABG WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 User Manual

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NTPM99CA
Nortel Networks
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220
Release 2.0 CSU
User Guide
Standard Release 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
What’s inside?
About this document
Overview
Planning your WLAN network
Installation
Configuration
Administration
Troubleshooting
Appendix
2
Copyright © 2005 Nortel Networks
All rights reserved. July 2005.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior writing of the
publisher.
Nortel Networks and the Nortel Networks logo are trademarks of Nortel Networks, Inc.
Multi-Region Product Documentation
This document may describe features that are not available in your region due to local regulations.
Compliances
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15
of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with instructions, may cause harmful and, if not installed and used in accordance with instructions,
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that the interference will
not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,
which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference
by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient the receiving antenna
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help
FCC Caution: To assure continued compliance, (example - use only shielded interface cables when connecting
to computer or peripheral devices). Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)
This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all
persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
The transmitted power of the APU and CSU does not exceed 36 dBm.
3
Publication history
December 2005
Issue 1. Issued for WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU
5
Contents
ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT 7
OVERVIEW 13
INTRODUCTION 13
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 15
CSU (CORPORATE SERVICE UNIT) 17
PLANNING YOUR WLAN NETWORK 21
SITE SURVEY & PLANNING 22
WIRELESS NETWORK PLANNING 23
INSTALLATION 25
CSU INSTALLATION & CONFIGURATION 25
PROCEDURE 1-1 28
PROCEDURE 1-2 30
CONFIGURATION 33
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION (AP CONFIGURATOR) 34
PROCEDURE 3-1 36
PROCEDURE 3-2 44
PROCEDURE 3-3 52
PROCEDURE 3-4 61
PROCEDURE 3-5 63
PROCEDURE 3-6 98
ADMINISTRATION 141
SAVING CONFIGURATION 142
LOADING NEW CONFIGURATION 143
UPLOADING SOFTWARE 144
REBOOTING A REMOTE STATION 151
TROUBLESHOOTING 153
APPENDIX A. SPECIFICATION 159
GENERAL
ET-PR12 BUILT-IN PANEL ANTENNA
RF FILTER PROTECTOR
APPENDIX B. ENCLOSURE DIMENSION 164
APPENDIX C. SITE SURVEY 165
5
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
7
About this document
This document describes the system features used in the WLAN Cable Access
Point 6220 Release 2.0 Product.
Topics covered include the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Overview
Introduction
Product Description
CSU (Corporate Services Unit)
System Planning
Site Survey & Planning
Wireless Network Designing
Installation
CSU Hardware Installation
Configuration
CSU in Secure Data Mode (P2P, P2M)
Testing Connection between CSU (APU mode) and CSU
Advanced Configuration
System Administration Tasks
Save configuration
Edit configuration
Load new configuration
Upload new license
Troubleshooting
7
Audience
The intended audience for this document includes:
•
•
•
•
•
Installers
Technicians
Nnetwork planners
Network & system engineers
Network administrators
List of Abbreviations
AP
APU
ARP
BPDU
BPSK
CATV
CM
CMTS
CPE
CSU
DBPSK
DHCP
DOCSIS
DQPSK
DVM
EAP
EIRP
EMI
FCC
FCS
FTP
HFC
ICMP
IEEE
ISM
ISP
ITU
LOS
MAC
MIB
NAS
NAT
Access Point
Access Point Unit
Address Resolution Protocol
Bridge Protocol Data Unit
Binary Phase-Shift Keying
Community Antenna Television
Cable Modem
Cable Modem Termination System
Customer Premises Equipment
Corporate Service Unit
Differential Binary Phase-Shift Keying
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications
Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Digital Volt Ohm Meter
Extensible Authentication Protocol
Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
Electromagnetic Interference
Federal Communications Commission
Frame Check Sequence
File Transfer Protocol
Hybrid Fiber Coax
Internet Control Message Protocol
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Industrial Scientific and Medical equipment
Internet Service Provider
International Telecommunication Union
Line of Sight
Media Access Control
Management Information Base
Network Access Server
Network Address Translation
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
8
NLOS
NMS
NWID
OLOS
ONU
PCMCIA
PI
POE
PSU
QAM
QPSK
RADIUS
RF
RIP
SEC
SMTP
SNMP
SNR
SSID
TCP
TLS
TTL
UDP
UNII
UPS
VLAN
VSWR
WEP
WLAN
Non Line of Sight
Network Management System
Network ID
Optical Line of Sight
Optical Network Unit
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
Power Inserter
Power over Ethernet
Power Supply Unit
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Services
Radio Frequency
Routing Information Protocol
Super Ethernet Converter
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Single Network Management Protocol
Signal to Noise Ratio
Service Set Identification
Transmission Control Protocol
Transport Layer Security
Time to Live
User Datagram Protocol
Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure
Uninterruptible Power Supply
Virtual Local Area Network
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
Wired Equivalent Privacy
Wireless Local Area Network
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
9
Technical Support and Information
If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a
distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support for that
distributor or reseller for assistance.
If you purchased a Nortel Networks service program, contact Nortel Networks
Technical Support as indicated in the following table.
Internet
http://www.nortelnetworks.com/cgibin/comments/comments.cgi
Telephone
1-800-4NORTEL (1-800-466-7835)
• Click on Technical Support
• Select Online Support
• Open a Customer Service Request online
• Call 1-800-4NORTEL
• Find the nearest Technical Solutions Center
• Enter ERC (Express Routing Code) if it is
available
FCC Conformance
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference.
And (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference
that may cause understand operation.
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
11
Safety guidelines
This chapter contains safety guidelines that you must follow for personal safety
and for the correct handling and operation of equipment.
Warning and safety precautions
To prevent personal injury, equipment damage, or service interruption, follow
all precautionary messages found in WLAN Cable Access Point 6220
documentation and the safety procedures established by your company.
The following precautionary messages appear in WLAN Cable Access Point
6220 documentation:
The graphic symbol of an exclamation point within an equilateral triangle warns
the user of the device that it is necessary to refer to the instruction manual and its
warnings for proper operation of the unit.
11
Summary of Warning and Safety Precautions
REFER SERVICING TO A QUALIFIED TECHNICIAN TO REDUCE THE RISK OF
ELECTRIC SHOCK WHEN THE UNIT DOES NOT APPEAR TO OPERATE
NORMALLY OR EXHIBITS A MARKED CHANGE IN PERFORMANCE.
WHEN INSTALLING THE UNIT, CHOOSE A LOCATION THAT PROVIDES A
MINIMUM SEPARATION OF 20 cm FROM ALL PERSONS DURING NORMAL
OPERATION.
THE APU AND CSU SHALL BE INSTALLED BY A PROFESSIONAL FIELD
TECHNICIAN
BOTH TYPES OF UNITS SHOULD BE INSTALLED BY A PROFESSIONAL FIELD
TECHNICIAN TO REMOVE THE POSSIBILITY OF INCORRECT INSTALLATION
FOR APU AND CSU.
DO NOT EXPOSE THIS UNIT TO RAIN, MOISTURE OR DUST UNCOVERED.
BE SURE NOT TO BE SITUATED NEAR HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SOURCES.
MAKE SURE THAT ALL BOLTS ON THE ENCLOSURE ARE TIGHTENED FIRMLY
SO THAT WATER DOES NOT ENTER THE UNIT.
BE SURE THAT ALL CONNECTORS ARE CONNECTED TO THE UNIT AND THE
RF CABLE HAS BEEN PROTECTED BY THE WATER-PROOF CAP.
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE OF THE TYPE OF POWER SUPPLIED TO YOUR UNIT,
CONSULT YOUR LOCAL NORTEL NETWORKS REPRESENTATIVE OR
NETWORK SERVICE COMPANY.
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
13
Overview
Introduction
This document describes the system features used in the WLAN Cable Access
Point 6220 Release 1.0 Product.
The Wireless LAN Cable Access Point 6220 is an outdoor hardened, strandmountable access point solution designed to extend the reach of the cable
operators’ hybrid fiber coax network utilizing wireless technologies from
existing rights of ways. This solution from Nortel Networks provides cable
operators a fast, low-cost alternative for delivering service to new customers by
eliminating the time, permits, and construction costs associated with extending
aerial or buried drops.
The WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 solution provides:
Flexible service platform
The WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 is a flexible service platform giving cable
operators the ability to offer many different wireless services such as Public Hot
Spots and Commercial High Speed Data services.
Standard Compliance and Interoperability
The WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 utilizes standard-compliant DOCSISTM
cable modems, thus ensuring interoperability with the existing cable network.
Wireless access is accomplished using industry-standard IEEE 802.11 radios
approved by government regulatory agencies for use in “unlicensed” ISM
frequencies.
14
Security
Security is of the highest importance when delivering wireless services. The
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 adheres to industry standards for 802.11
devices and augments those standards with additional security features designed
to provide both the cable operator and the end-user maximum protection.
Performance optimization via multiple antenna options
Nortel Networks provides antenna options specifically engineered to enable the
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 to achieve peak link performance in Line of
Sight (LOS) and Near LOS applications.
Ease of installation
Designed for simple, fast installation by professional technicians, the WLAN
Cable Access Point 6220 is installed in a simple three-step procedure: lock down
strand clamps, connect power via coax drop, and attach and align antenna for
service optimization
Figure 1-1
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 Service Concept Diagram
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
15
Product Description
Table 1-1
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 Products
PEC
DESCRIPTION
CSU
NTPM99BC
NTPM99BJ
CSU,2.4G/5.8G,RADIO,Flat Panel, NA, 6Mhz
CSU,POE INJECTOR
Accessories
NTPM99EG
CSU MOUNTING KIT
Documentation
NTPM99CA
NTPM99CB
R1.0 WLAN6220 CAP DOC,PAPER
R1.0 WLAN6220 CAP DOC,CD
Software
NTPM99DA
NTPM99DB
R1.0 WLAN6220 CAP SOFTWARE,CD
CERTIFICAT,WLAN6220,R1.0,1/APU
NTPM99DC
APU Software Licenses
NTPM99FA
NTPM99GA
CERTIFICAT,WLAN6220,R1.0,1/CSU
RTU,SDM,WLAN6220,1/APU
SLU,WLAN6220,1/APU
NTPM99GB
CSU Software Licenses
NTPM99HA
NSLU,WLAN6220,1/APU
NTPM99JA
NTPM99JB
SLU,WLAN6220,1/CSU
NSLU,WLAN6220,1/CSU
RTU,SDM,WLAN6220,1/CSU
Figure 1-2
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU Package Components
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
16
CSU (Corporate Service Unit)
The following is a list of WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU features:
•
Enclosure has a POE connection interface and a DC Power Adapter Jack at
the bottom of the CSU.
•
Operation Power & Data Traffic are mixed at POE Injector and supplied to
the Ethernet Port on the CSU through CAT5 Cable.
•
Two types of mounting alternatives are available, pole mount and wall
mount. If wall mount is used a mounting kit will be required.
•
The antenna is basically a Flat Panel type which is built-in CSU body
protected by a plastic material RADOME.
•
APU and CSU supports the secure mode connection which means that
wireless traffic between APU/CSU and CSU is not scanned and detected by
a conventional sniffing program like ‘Netstumbler’.
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
17
Figure 1-3
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU (Bottom)
Figure 1-4
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU (Front)
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
18
Figure 1-5
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU (Back)
Figure 1-6
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
19
Table 1-2. Modules and Connectors (CSU)
Item
Label
Antenna Radome
Protective Cover designed to contain a built-in antenna
Enclosure(Body)
Housing Integrated with an Antenna Case Assembly
Logo Panel
DC Power Socket
Description & Function
Location for Nortel networks Logo
Provide DC power(12V) from AC-DC Adaptor to CSU
Ethernet Port(POE) Provide data connection between CSU and POE Injector or LAN Switch
EMI Cap designed to prevent CSU from interfering to or from other devices
Additionally, provide water proof feature accompanied by sealing tape
EMI Cap
Ground Point
Location for grounding the enclosure to earth for protecting the product from damage
Label(Front)
Location for attaching a product label which include S/N,PEC,MAC address and so on
Label(Back)
Location for attaching a product label which include S/N,PEC,MAC address and so on
10
Access Point
Mini-PCI type III Radio Card, System Board(Secure Mode
11
POE Splitter
Power Module to divide Ethernet Signal and DC power combined signal from POE Injector
12
POE Injector
Provide 802.3af based signal to CSU through Ethernet Port on CSU
13
Bracket Hole
Bolt Hole for assembly of mounting bracket
14
TM
Built-in Antenna(A) 5.8GHz Radio Frequency Antenna (Flat Panel) for 802.11a
Built-in Antenna(G) 2.4GHz Radio Frequency Antenna (Flat Panel) for 802.11b/g
THE 12V POWER CONNECTOR IS NOT INTENDED FOR FIELD USE. THIS
SOCKET IS ONLY APPLICABLE FOR A SPECIAL USE AT FACTORY OR
REPAIR FACILITY.
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
21
Planning your WLAN Network
The wireless network is much different than a wired network. The
Installation of a wireless network requires some additional planning.
This planning includes RF Link Engineering like RF Path planning, site
selection, and back-bone network preparation.
The radio links between all end sites are specified as three types of
environmental connection as listed below:
LOS (Line Of Sight)
OLOS (Optical LOS)
NLOS (Non LOS)
Because High Frequency Radio travels in a straight forward line, a clear
LOS (line-of-sight) between antennas is efficient and ideal. Frequently,
locations of the desired links are fixed.
When you cannot achieve a clear line-of-sight, you must plan according
to basic consideration:
The Basic considerations for sites include:
▪ Installation Facility must be constructed (Electric Pole, Tower)
▪ Possibility of future obstructions
- Trees that may obstruct the path
- Buildings between the sites that may obstruct the path
▪ Lightening
▪ Distance between sites and Network Structure
▪ Strong RF interference
22
Site Survey & Planning
Definition
A site survey is a task-by-task process by which the surveyor discovers
the RF behavior, coverage, interference, and determines proper hardware
placement in a facility. The site survey’s primary objective is to ensure
that mobile workers and the wireless LAN’s clients experience
continuously strong RF signal as they move around the facility.
Items
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Facilities Analysis
Existing Networks
Area Usage & Towers
Purpose & Business Requirements
Bandwidth & Roaming Requirements
Available Resources
Security Requirements
Preparation Exercises
Preparation Checklist
Site Survey Equipment
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Corporate service unit(CSU) with POE Injector
Laptop and/or PDA
Wireless PC card with driver & utility software
Battery pack charger & DC-to AC converter
Site survey utility software (loaded on laptop or PDA)
Clipboard, pen, pencils, notebook paper, grid paper, & highlighter
Blueprints & network diagrams
Outdoor antennas(Omni-directional, Patch, Bi-directional)
Cables & connectors
Specialized software or hardware such as a spectrum analyzer
Digital camera for taking pictures of particular locations within a
facility
Variable attenuator
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
23
Wireless Network Planning
Procedure 1 (Location)
1. Select and identify enough location candidates to determine freely as
the install point regardless of some design change to some extent.
2. The most crucial parameter is the range at which APU and CSU or
other Wi-Fi Client is required to operate. The range can be
determined by a conventional formula which consider a various kinds
of environmental and radio equipment.
3. Another consideration in installing APU and CSU is the network
connection like a CATV Coaxial Cable and CAT5 Ethernet Cable.
Even though some locations are the best location in terms of RF
performance, the actual installed location is restricted by limited
cable reach.
Procedure 2 (Radio Link Path)
1. Choose the proper antenna type with a site survey result.
2. For best performance, mount the APU and CSU in a location where
there is LOS (Line Of Sight) to each antenna.
3. Perform the field survey to summarize every obstacle like tree and
earth bulge in consideration of OLOS (Optical LOS).
4. With the site survey result, adjust the tilt and angle of antenna so that
there is maximum clearance within the FRESNEL ZONE of the
direct path.
Note: The best means of achieving FRESNEL ZONE clearance is to
raise the height of APU or CSU mounting point as high as possible
5. In order to get the more exact information on RF radio link path,
calculate the Link Budget for Radio Link between APU and CSU
which is referred in the end of this section.
Note: The link budget is a rough calculation of all known elements of the
link to determine whether the signal will have the proper strength to the
other end of the link.
Procedure 3 (RF Channel Selection)
1. Check all range of channels by RF measurement with Frequency
Analyzer in order to see the interference effect with APU and CSU.
Actually, RF interference is likely to arise from any other wireless
system operating within the same frequency band as ISM/UNII Band
Radio Products.
Note: The final selection of operating channel should be done with the
testing results of both APU and CSU.
Procedure 4 (Radio Performance Tuning)
Please refer to the Radio Link Test
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
25
Installation
General
This section provides a complete set of procedures for the installation of
WLAN 6220 equipment. It includes cable assembling information as well
as required connection information for the WLAN 6220 units, mounting
and powering instructions.
It is intended for use by trained installers familiar with Wireless Radio
equipment installations.
For technical assistance, contact your next level of support or Nortel
Networks according to the information available in Technical Support and
Information section.
Installation Procedure Summary
CSU (Corporate Service Unit)
26
Required Tools and Materials
Before you install the WLAN Cable Access Point 6220, ensure you have
the following:
CSU
ƒ
IEEE 802.3af-2003-compliant Power over Ethernet (POE) injector
Note: Ensure that the POE Injector is UL/cUL approved,
with LPS (limited power source) output.
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Heat gun with propane/ Mapp torch
1 CAT5 Ethernet Extender Coupler
“Document CD” and “Software CD” that contains the AP
Configurator, online help for the System Configuration, and various
documents.
PC or workstation with a Web browser for configuration
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
27
CSU Installation & Configuration
Mounting and Installation Concept
Figure 3-1
CSU Installation Concept #1 on User’s facility
Figure 3-2
CSU Installation Concept #2 on User’s facility
By default, CSU is pole mounted. Each unit is shipped with a pole
mounting module.
ENSURE THE CSU HAS BEEN POSITIONED NO LESS THAN 3 FEET ABOVE
THE GROUND, OR FROM A ROUGHLY HORIZONTAL SURFACE.
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
28
Procedure 1-1
Mounting the CSU on the Steel Wire Strand
Action
Step
Action
1. Prior to an installation, check if the Pole has the strength and stability to
sustain the weight of CSU in a strong wind
2. Please find a mounting tool for installing CSU illustrated in Figure 330
3. Place the CSU face (RADOME side) down on a flat surface.
4. Using the mounting tool, attach the Mounting Tilt Brackets to the back
of CSU and insert the two stainless steel M6 hex head screws and M6
split lock washers into the hole.
Figure 3-3
Assembling the mounting bracket on the CSU
5. Lift the CSU to a selected installation point on the pole and then attach
the clamp to the original location while lashing the CSU to the pole or
using a hoisting rope to keep the unit in place during mounting work.
6. Slide two mounting nuts through a washer to each bracket hole as
illustrated in Figure 3-3
7. Adjust the azimuth of CSU Antenna RADOME toward the remote unit
and fasten sufficiently to secure the CSU on the pole.
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
29
Figure 3-4
Assembling the mounting bracket with a installation tool
8. Adjust the up/down tilt (- 50 º to 50 º) and move the top or bottom of
the CSU until the unit is roughly positioned at the correct angle and
height.
Figure 3-5
CSU Pole Mounting and Antenna Tilting
100 º
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
30
Procedure 1-2
Mounting the CSU on the Steel Wire Strand
Action
Step
Action
1. Loosen the EMI cap and slide the CAT5 or 6 cables without the RJ45
connector into the hole of the EMI hood shaped cap.
2. Follow the conventional procedure of creating a CAT5 or 6 Ethernet
cable.
Note: It is recommended to use a shielded cable like S-FTP(Foiled Twisted
Pair) or STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) in which wire pairs are covered with
overall shield material to prevent EMI effects to or from the near electronic
devices or facilities.
Note: The cable from CSU to POE Injector and from POE Injector to CPE
(PC) should be a straight-through cable.
3. Connect a cable to the POE port on the front panel of CSU through the
hole of EMI cap and tighten it firmly.
Figure 3-6
Connecting Ethernet Cable to CSU and Securing the EMI Cap
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
31
4. Secure the cable in the EMI cap by tightening it with a cable tie. Cover
the connectors with black self amalgamating tape or shrink wrap tubing
to ensure a waterproof seal. This is the most crucial step in the
installation. If this procedure is disregarded or done insufficiently an
unexpected system fault could occur in a normal operation and affect on
the system performance factor relevant to the long term reliability.
5. Tighten the EMI cap securely with the special tool packaged in the
product box.
WHEN INSTALLING THE UNIT, CHOOSE A LOCATION THAT PROVIDES A
MINIMUM SEPARATION OF 20 cm FROM ALL PERSONS DURING NORMAL
OPERATION.
Figure 3-7
Covering the entry of EMI Cap and Shielded Cable with Tape or shrink wrap tubing
6. Connect the ground wire to the ground point at the lower right end of
CSU back panel.
Figure 3-8
Connecting the ground wire to the ground point
7. Connect the other end of the data cable to the POE Injector indoor.
8. Plug the power cord of the POE Injector into an electrical outlet
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
32
Figure 3-9
Connecting CSU and User PC by an Ethernet Cable though POE Injector
Mounting Tips
•
Verify the Line-of-Sight -- Before installing CSU, make sure a clear line-ofsight exists. Line of sight (LOS) can be defined as each antenna clearly seeing
the other antenna, and seeing the remote locations when viewing from the
central base location. Be sure to look level with the center of origin of the
transmission (i.e., the middle of the antenna). Repeat this procedure from the
remote location. Any disruption of the signal path due to trees, buildings, or
any other obstructions may cause the link to function incorrectly. If you see
any obstructions between two antennas, move one or both antennas to another
location.
•
Use mounting hardware provided to secure the unit to the pole.
•
Leave the unit mounting loose enough to allow for movement when performing
the alignment/testing procedure. The unit should be tightened only after the
alignment/testing procedure is completed.
•
Install the unit away from microwave ovens and 2.4 GHz cordless phones.
Microwave ovens and some cordless phones operate on the same frequency as
the unit and can cause signal interference.
•
Begin at the lowest point, so the tape overlaps from bottom to top creating a
shingled effect. This creates an effective barrier against water runoff. Apply
this "shingle effect" to each layer of the sealing process. Apply two layers of
electrical tape to the connector, and leave approximately 3 inches of cable
exposed on either side of the connector.
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 1 Dec 2005
33
Configuration
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU (APU, CSU) has the following
management and operational features listed below:
Software Installation
APU mode Basic Configuration and Operation Test
CSU mode Basic Configuration and Operation Test
Testing the connection between APU & CSU (APU mode) and CSU
Testing Wireless Network Performance
Basic Configuration
Advanced and Optional Configuration
34
Software Installation (AP Configurator)
The WLAN Cable AP Configurator is used to configure your wireless
networking devices. Both the executable file needed to install the
Configurator and the online help for the Configurator (*.chm) are
included on the Software CD that you received with your hardware
device. Refer to the online help or the WLAN Cable AP Configuration
User Guide on the Document CD for detailed instructions on how to
configure your device. This section explains the system configuration in
detail.
Note: The features available to you in the WLAN Cable AP
Configuration vary depending on the version of the software. This
section explains all possible features involved in basic configuration.
Your actual software may not display all of the features and fields
described.
Installing the Configurator Software
1. Insert the Software CD into your PC’s/laptop’s CD ROM drive, then
you can see the installation web page as below.
Figure 4-1
Software CD Starting Display
2. Click the “Install” button and press the “open” button to find the
dialog box.
3. Double click the name of the Configurator Installation program
(the .exe file on your Software CD).
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Figure 4-2
Software Installation Launching
3. Follow the onscreen instructions to install the Configurator.
Figure 4-3
Installation Dialog Window
If you are installing the Configurator for the first time, files are stored in the
directory Program Files/Nortel/WLAN Cable AP Configurator. If you are
upgrading from a previous Configurator installation, your files will be stored
in the directory where you last saved the Configurator files. The Install
Shield also installs shortcuts to the Configurator on your desktop.
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36
Procedure 3-1
Basic configuration and Operation Test (APU Mode)
Action
Step
Action
1. The CSU(APU mode) has the following factory default parameters:
Factory Default
„
„
„
„
IP address: DHCP Client (Ethernet 1)
Read Write Password: public
SNMP Secure Configuration Password: public
IEEE 802.11 Interface Setup
- Mode Selection: APU SDM(Secure Data Mode)
- Base station mode: Polling(Primary)
- Frequency
Æ 802.11b/g Unit: CH1 (2412 MHz)
Æ 802.11a Unit: CH149 (5745 MHz)
- Network ID: 0
- Transmit Rate
Æ 802.11a/g Unit: 54Mbps
Æ 802.11b Unit: 11Mbps
- WEP Encryption: Disable
2. The CSU(CSU mode) shall have the common system parameters
with that of a factory default parameter of APU to install.
Table 4-1
System Main Parameters
Parameter
IP address
Read Write Password
SNMP Secure
Configuration Password
Mode Selection
Base Station Mode
Frequency
Transmit Rate
Network ID
Others
CSU(APU mode)
DHCP Client
Public
Public
CSU
DHCP Client
Public
Public
APU Secure Data Mode
Polling(Primary)
User specific
User specific
User-specific
CSU Secure Data Mode
N/A
User specific
User specific
User-specific
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 5 Dec 2005
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Figure 4-4
Test Network Configuration (Radio Connection)
3. Prepare a Laptop computer and a client unit to test and configure the
CSU at the installation location.
4. Connect Laptop PC to CSU Ethernet port with a straight-forward
cable to setup.
5. Launch the Configurator by either double clicking the WLAN Cable
AP Configurator icon on your desktop or by opening the file
config.exe from the directory “C:\Program Files\Nortel\WLAN
Cable AP Configurator” where software is installed at.
6. Run the Configurator and the IP Address for your APU (and the IP
addresses for any other devices in your network) as appears in the
Configurator window below.
Note: In factory default, the CSU have a default IP address as
“198.17.74.254” regardless of the software modes (APU, CSU mode).
Therefore, when you launch AP configurator at PC with CSU turned on
at first, you can find the default IP address of the CSU showing the green
exclamation point “198.17.74.254” in the List of Scanned Devices
window showing the green exclamation point”198.17.74.254”.
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Figure 4-5
Configurator Starting Window
7. Right click on the IP address of CSU, and then select ‘Configure This
Device’. or click “Configure Remote” button below the list box.
8. The Change IP window is displayed, as shown in the following
screenshot.
Figure 4-6
IP setup dialog box
9. Enter an IP address that will be local to the IP of the PC/laptop
running the Configurator, and then click the OK button in Read Write
Password window.
Note: The IP address to enter should be included in the same subnet area
with PC/Laptop Computer for access to CSU.
For example, in case the IP address of Laptop computer is
192.168.0.100/24, the CSU will be allowable in 192.168.0.1/24 ~
192.168.0.254/24 as the IP address subnet group.
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10. The SNMP Password dialog box is displayed, as shown below.
11. Press “Enter” key or enter a new password instead of the default
password “public” in the basic SNMP password box.
Figure 4-7
SNMP Read Write Password dialog box
12. The main window is redisplayed.
13. To setup the interface, Click on the Interface Setup button.
14. The Interface Setup screen is enabled and displayed, as shown in the
Figure 4-9
Figure 4-8
AP Configurator Main window
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Figure 4-9
Interface setup dialog box
15. If you have an 802.11 radio card, click the Setup 2 button to set up
the 802.11 interface.
16. Click the Setup 2 button. The IEEE 802.11 Setup screen is displayed,
as shown in Figure 4-10.
17. Select a radio standard to use according to the built-in antenna
specification like a operating frequency range.
Ex) 2.4GHz antenna : 802.11b/g, 5.8GHz antenna: 802.11a
18. Make sure the APU Secure Data Mode in the left portion of Mode
Selection is selected while “Polling Base station” is clicked in Secure
Data Mode Base Station Mode.
19. Select the Enable Signal Quality Front Panel Display checkbox if
your unit has a front panel display that is capable of displaying the
signal quality.
Figure 4-10
Interface setup dialog box
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41
20. Click on the advanced button to set up crucial parameters such as
Radio Frequency, Transmit Rate (Bandwidth) and Network ID.
21. The Advanced Setup screen for a Secure Data Mode is shown below.
22. Setup all radio parameters including a frequency channel and
transmit power referring to the permitted setting value specified in
the following tables per radio standard.
Figure 4-11
Advanced setup dialog box
[802.11a]
Frequency Channel
149
5745 MHz
153
5765 MHz
157
5785 MHz
161
5805 MHz
Transmit Power
Maximum
50%
25%
12.5%
Transmit Rate
6Mbps
36Mbps
9Mbps
48Mbps
12Mbps 54Mbps
24Mbps
Antenna Gain
Max allowable antenna gain:
12 dBi
Caution: Do not use any other antennas except as ET-5PR12W
exceeding the allowed Max antenna gain value (12dBi) in case you select
802.11a as operation radio standard.
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[802.11g]
Frequency Channel
2412 MHz
2417 MHz
2422 MHz
2427 MHz
2432 MHz
10
11
2437 MHz
2442 MHz
2447 MHz
2452 MHz
2457 MHz
2462 MHz
Transmit Rate
54 Mbps
6 Mbps
48Mbps
11 Mbps
36 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
24 Mbps
2 Mbps
12 Mbps
1 Mbps
Transmit Power
Maximum
50%
25%
12.5%
Antenna Gain
Max allowable antenna gain:
12 dBi
Caution: Do not use any other antennas except as ET-PR12 exceeding
the allowed Max antenna gain value (12dBi) in case you select 802.11g/b
as operation radio standard.
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[802.11b]
Frequency Channel
2412 MHz
2417 MHz
2422 MHz
2427 MHz
2432 MHz
10
11
2437 MHz
2442 MHz
2447 MHz
2452 MHz
2457 MHz
2462 MHz
Transmit Rate
11 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
2 Mbps
1 Mbps
Transmit Power
Maximum
50%
25%
12.5%
Antenna Gain
Max allowable antenna gain:
12 dBi
Caution: Do not use any other antennas except as ET-PR12 exceeding
the allowed Max antenna gain value (12dBi) in case you select 802.11g/b
as operation radio standard.
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44
23. Select the Network ID in Network Settings referring to Appendix G
“Wireless Network Planning”.
Note: the Secure Data Mode network ID number (0-15) is used to
differentiate between multiple Secure Data Mode stations using the same
System Access Pass Phrase. This is used to allow a Secure Data Mode
CSU to specify the APU mode unit that it wants to connect to if two
APU mode units can be seen by the same CSU. Generally, this value
should be the same as the Channel Number.
Note: The channel/frequency values are usually determined by network
administrators. If you set the channel and frequency in 802.11b/g, ensure
that there are at least four numerical channel differences between two
overlapping cells to avoid interference. For example, channels 1, 6 and
11 don’t overlap, but channels 1 and 3 do.
In the other side, if you are intended to use 802.11a, please keep in mind
that all channels (4 channels) with 20MHz bandwidth are not permitted
to be overlapped with each channels in the frequency plan.
24. Click “OK” button.
25. Click the Setup Æ IP Setup button. The IP Setup screen is displayed,
as shown below.
Figure 4-12
IP setup dialog box
Note: The IP Setup screen allows you to set the Secure Data Mode
Station's IP Addressing information. The Secure Data Mode Station must
have an IP address assigned to it if you wish to connect to it using the
Configurator tool, which makes use of SNMP to connect to the Secure
Data Mode Station.
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45
26. Select “Specify an IP address” and type a specific IP address and
gateway IP address. Click OK button.
Note: Except for cable modem built-in APU, the CSU to operate as APU
mode is required to set a mandatory static IP address for the unit even
though it can be set in both static IP and DHCP setup. But, you can set
DHCP mode to the CSU(APU mode) so that it can retrieve it’s IP
address from a remote or local DHCP server.
Figure 4-13
IP setup dialog box
Note: For DHCP client mode, select “1 Ethernet” as the interface which
is used to get DHCP IP address from DHCP Server.
Note: If you select the DHCP option, it is recommended (though not
required) that you set up your DHCP server to always provide the same
IP address to this Secure Data Mode Station system.
27. For a more detailed setup, refer to the procedure 3-5(Basic
Configuration) and 3-6(Advanced and Optional Configuration).
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46
Procedure 3-2
Basic configuration and Operation Test (CSU Mode)
Action
Step
Action
1. The CSU(CSU mode) has the following factory default parameters:
Factory Default
„
„
„
„
IP address: DHCP Client (IEEE 802.11 2)
Read Write Password: public
SNMP Secure Configuration Password: public
IEEE 802.11 Interface Setup
- Mode Selection: CSU SDM(Secure Data Mode)
- Base station mode : N/A
- Frequency
Æ 802.11b/g Unit: CH1 (2412 MHz)
Æ 802.11a Unit: CH149 (5745 MHz)
- Network ID: 0
- Transmit Rate
Æ 802.11a/g Unit: 54Mbps
Æ 802.11b Unit: 11Mbps
2. The CSU(CSU mode) shall have the common system parameters
with that of a factory default parameter of APU to install.
Table 4-2
System Main Parameters
Parameter
IP address
Read Write Password
SNMP Secure
Configuration Password
Mode Selection
Base Station Mode
Frequency
Transmit Rate
Network ID
Others
CSU(APU mode)
DHCP Client
Public
Public
CSU
DHCP Client
Public
Public
APU Secure Data Mode
Polling(Primary)
User specific
User specific
User-specific
CSU Secure Data Mode
N/A
User specific
User specific
User-specific
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 5 Dec 2005
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Figure 4-14
Test Network Configuration (Radio Connection)
3. Prepare a Laptop computer and a client unit to test and configure the
CSU at the installation location.
4. Connect Laptop PC to CSU Ethernet port with a straight-forward
cable to setup.
5. Launch the Configurator by either double clicking the WLAN Cable
AP Configurator icon on your desktop or by opening the file
config.exe from the directory “C:\Program Files\Nortel\WLAN
Cable AP Configurator” where software is installed at.
6. Run the Configurator and the IP Address for your APU (and the IP
addresses for any other devices in your network) as appears in the
Configurator window below.
Note: In factory default, the CSU have a default IP address as
“198.17.74.254” regardless of the software modes (APU, CSU mode).
Therefore, when you launch AP configurator at PC with CSU turned on
at first, you can find the default IP address of the CSU showing the green
exclamation point “198.17.74.254” in the List of Scanned Devices
window showing the green exclamation point”198.17.74.254”.
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 5 Dec 2005
48
Figure 4-15
Configurator Starting Window
7. Right click on the IP address of CSU, and then select ‘Configure This
Device’. or click “Configure Remote” button below the list box.
8. The Change IP window is displayed, as shown in the following
screenshot.
Figure 4-16
IP setup dialog box
9. Enter an IP address that will be local to the IP of the PC/laptop
running the Configurator, and then click the OK button in Read Write
Password window.
Note: The IP address to enter should be included in the same subnet area
with PC/Laptop Computer for access to CSU.
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49
For example, in case the IP address of Laptop computer is
192.168.0.100/24, the CSU will be allowable in 192.168.0.1/24 ~
192.168.0.254/24 as the IP address subnet group.
10. The SNMP Password dialog box is displayed, as shown below.
11. Press “Enter” key or enter a new password instead of the default
password “public” in the basic SNMP password box.
Figure 4-17
SNMP Read Write Password dialog box
12. The main window is redisplayed.
13. To setup the interface, Click on the Interface Setup button.
14. The Interface Setup screen is enabled and displayed, as shown in the
Figure 4-19
Figure 4-18
AP Configurator Main window
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50
Figure 4-19
Interface setup dialog box
15. If you have an 802.11 radio card, click the Setup 2 button to set up
the 802.11 interface.
16. Click the Setup 2 button. The IEEE 802.11 Setup screen is displayed,
as shown in Figure 4-20.
17. Select a radio standard to use according to the built-in antenna
specification like a operating frequency range.
Ex) 2.4GHz antenna : 802.11b/g, 5.8GHz antenna: 802.11a
18. Select the Enable Signal Quality Front Panel Display checkbox if
your unit has a front panel display that is capable of displaying the
signal quality.
Figure 4-20
Interface setup dialog box
19. Click on the advanced button to set up crucial parameters such as
Radio Frequency, Transmit Rate (Bandwidth) and Network ID.
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20. The Advanced Setup screen for a Secure Data Mode is shown below.
21. Setup all radio parameters including a frequency channel and
transmit power referring to the permitted setting value specified in
the following tables per radio standard.
Figure 4-21
Advanced setup dialog box
[802.11a]
Frequency Channel
149
5745 MHz
153
5765 MHz
157
5785 MHz
161
5805 MHz
Transmit Power
Maximum
50%
25%
12.5%
Transmit Rate
6Mbps
36Mbps
9Mbps
48Mbps
12Mbps 54Mbps
24Mbps
Antenna Gain
Max allowable antenna gain:
12 dBi
Caution: Do not use any other antennas except as ET-5PR12W
exceeding the allowed Max antenna gain value (12dBi) in case you select
802.11a as operation radio standard.
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[802.11g]
Frequency Channel
2412 MHz
2417 MHz
2422 MHz
2427 MHz
2432 MHz
10
11
2437 MHz
2442 MHz
2447 MHz
2452 MHz
2457 MHz
2462 MHz
Transmit Rate
54 Mbps
6 Mbps
48Mbps
11 Mbps
36 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
24 Mbps
2 Mbps
12 Mbps
1 Mbps
Transmit Power
Maximum
50%
25%
12.5%
Antenna Gain
Max allowable antenna gain:
12 dBi
Caution: Do not use any other antennas except as ET-PR12 exceeding
the allowed Max antenna gain value (12dBi) in case you select 802.11g/b
as operation radio standard.
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[802.11b]
Frequency Channel
2412 MHz
2417 MHz
2422 MHz
2427 MHz
2432 MHz
10
11
2437 MHz
2442 MHz
2447 MHz
2452 MHz
2457 MHz
2462 MHz
Transmit Rate
11 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
2 Mbps
1 Mbps
Transmit Power
Maximum
50%
25%
12.5%
Antenna Gain
Max allowable antenna gain:
12 dBi
Caution: Do not use any other antennas except as ET-PR12 exceeding
the allowed Max antenna gain value (12dBi) in case you select 802.11g/b
as operation radio standard.
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54
22. Select the Network ID in Network Settings referring to Appendix G
“Wireless Network Planning”.
Note: the Secure Data Mode network ID number (0-15) is used to
differentiate between multiple Secure Data Mode stations using the same
System Access Pass Phrase. This is used to allow a Secure Data Mode
CSU to specify the APU mode unit that it wants to connect to if two
APU mode units can be seen by the same CSU. Generally, this value
should be the same as the Channel Number.
Note: The channel/frequency values are usually determined by network
administrators. If you set the channel and frequency in 802.11b/g, ensure
that there are at least four numerical channel differences between two
overlapping cells to avoid interference. For example, channels 1, 6 and
11 don’t overlap, but channels 1 and 3 do.
In the other side, if you are intended to use 802.11a, please keep in mind
that all channels (4 channels) with 20MHz bandwidth are not permitted
to be overlapped with each channels in the frequency plan.
23. Click “OK” button.
24. Click the Setup Æ IP Setup button. The IP Setup screen is displayed,
as shown below.
Figure 4-22
IP setup dialog box
Note: The IP Setup screen allows you to set the Secure Data Mode
Station's IP Addressing information. The Secure Data Mode Station must
have an IP address assigned to it if you wish to connect to it using the
Configurator tool, which makes use of SNMP to connect to the Secure
Data Mode Station.
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55
25. Select “Specify an IP address” and type a specific IP address and
gateway IP address. Click OK button.
Figure 4-23
IP setup dialog box
Note: Except for cable modem built-in APU, the CSU to operate as CSU
mode is required to set a mandatory static IP address for the unit even
though it can be set in both static IP and DHCP setup.
For your reference, APU and CSU (APU mode) have DHCP Server
feature which can assign an IP address to all networks entities like CSU
and PC in the sub-network.
Note: For DHCP client mode, select “2 IEEE 802.11” as the interface
which is used to get DHCP IP address from DHCP Server.
Figure 4-24
IP setup dialog box
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56
Note: If you select the DHCP option, it is recommended (though not
required) that you set up your DHCP server to always provide the same
IP address to this Secure Data Mode Station system.
26. For a more detailed setup, refer to the procedure 3-5(Basic
Configuration) and 3-6(Advanced and Optional Configuration).
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57
Procedure 3-3
Testing the connection between APU & CSU(APU mode) and CSU
The Configurators’ Wireless Link Test screen is used to diagnose the
wireless link quality between your APU and any CSU associated with
the APU.
The Wireless Link Test displays the diagnostic counters that apply to the
radio interface and a single remote station connected to this APU.
To assess the overall wireless performance in the wireless area served by
the APU, you might need to run Remote Link Tests with multiple CSUs
(one by one).
Action
Step
Action
1. Prepare a Laptop computer and configure the test network as shown
in Figure 4-25.
2. Prepare a CSU module, POE Injector and Power supply system like a
Power booster in a vehicle or regular power outlet in the home.
Note: Ensure that the CSU and the Laptop computer are set to DHCP
Client so that they can get the IP address dynamically through the APU
from the Server.
3. The CSU has the same system parameters as the CSU(APU mode).
Set the system parameter as follows to test connection.
Table 4-3
System Main Parameters
Parameter
IP address
Read Write Password
SNMP Secure
Configuration Password
Mode Selection
Base Station Mode
Frequency
Transmit Rate
Network ID
Others
APU
DHCP Client
User-specific
User-specific
CSU
DHCP Client
User-specific
User-specific
APU Secure Data Mode
Polling(Primary)
User-specific
User-specific
User-specific
User-specific
CSU Secure Data Mode
N/A
User-specific
User-specific
User-specific
User-specific
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Figure 4-25
Test Network Configuration (Maintenance & Testing Setup)
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 5 Dec 2005
59
4. Launch the Configurator by either double clicking the WLAN Cable
AP Configurator icon on your desktop or by opening the file
config.exe from the directory “C:\Program Files\Nortel\WLAN
Cable AP Configurator” where software is installed.
5. The Configurator runs the IP Address for your APU and the Test
CSU (and the IP addresses for any other devices in your network)
appears in the Configurator window, as shown below.
Figure 4-26
Configurator Starting Window
6. Ensure that the laptop computer gets an IP address assigned from the
DHCP server at Network Center or statically defined by checking an
IP address list box at the left side of the configurator window.
7. Check if all units of CSU(APU mode) and Test CSU have it’s own
IP addresses.
8. If the CSU(APU mode) you wish to configure is on the same
network subnet as your computer, you can select it from the list that
is automatically displayed in the IP Address window. Press the 
key to refresh the scan list. Alternately, you can also right click
anywhere in the scan window and select Re-scan the local network.
Note: To differentiate the CSU(APU mode) to be configured, you should
check the AP MAC address of the CSU(APU mode) which is printed on
the label attached to the side of the CSU(APU mode).
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9. If you can find out the IP address of the APU on the IP address
window, move the cursor to the appropriate IP address.
Figure 4-27
IP address list box
10. Right click on the IP address, and click the Configure button below
the list box on the left side of a configurator window. The
Read/Write Password screen is displayed, as shown below.
Figure 4-28
SNMP Password (Read/Write)
11. Enter the password “public” for the device you have selected at both
text boxes, and then click the OK button.
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61
12. If the Setup tab is displayed in the main window as shown below,
SNMP checking is a success.
Figure 4-29
Setup Tab
Note: When you test the CSU(APU mode) with Test CSU, you don’t
have to change the parameters of CSU(APU mode) with AP configurator.
After all the tests are completed, you should configure the CSU(APU
mode) according to your local network design idea.
13. Select Wireless Link Test from the Analyze Tab. The Enter IP
Address screen is displayed, as shown below.
Figure 4-30
SNMP Password (Read/Write)
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14. Enter the Remote IP Address and Read/Write password for the
wireless station you wish to test. The Select a Remote Link Partner
screen is displayed, as shown below.
Figure 4-31
Remote Link List window
15. From the list of station names, select the remote station or client you
wish to test. Select a station from the list, and then click on the Link
Test button to perform a link test.
Note: Clicking the Explore button refreshes the list of stations that
can be selected.
16. Click the Link Test button to start the link test.
Note: When you open this screen, the base station will need
approximately 20 seconds to build the list of stations and forward this
information to your configurator station. Due to the dynamic
characteristics of mobile wireless stations, the base station will
rebuild the list of connected stations each time you select a different
station, or after clicking the Explore button. If this screen does not
display any station, there might be no wireless station up and running
in the vicinity of the selected base station.
17. The Remote Link Test screen displays the results of your wireless
link test, as shown below.
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63
Figure 4-32
Remote Link Test Status Window
18. The advice button enables you to investigate the outcome of the
Remote Link Test assessment in more detail and provides you with
troubleshooting hints to improve the quality of the link between the
two remote nodes. The following table summarizes the possible
results of clicking the Advice button, and what action is warranted
based on the results:
19. It is necessary that you adjust the vertical tilt and horizontal angle
toward APU at the mounting point of CSU, while monitoring the RF
link quality status window so that the SNR and Link status bar for the
best quality.
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 5 Dec 2005
64
Table 4-4
Radio Link Status
Status
Excellent
Risk
None
Good
None
Marginal
Communication is still
possible, but this
situation may affect the
unit's performance.
“No
Connection”
Communication is no
longer possible. If the
unit was in the process
of transferring files, data
may not have arrived at
the intended destination,
or it may have been
corrupted.
Action
ƒ You do not need to perform further
diagnostics.
ƒ You may try to optimize antenna
placement to see whether this will
improve the Link Quality result.
ƒ View Link Test Details to verify.
The unit may have to retransmit lost
packets.
ƒ Verify the Signal Level indicator. A
low Signal Level indicates the unit
has moved away from the base
station.
ƒ View Link Test Details to verify the
Noise Level indicator. A high Noise
Level indicates a source of
interference in the signal path
between the unit and the base
station.
ƒ Select another unit to verify if the
base station is functioning properly.
ƒ Try to optimize antenna placement
to improve the Signal Level or move
it away from the source of
interference.
ƒ View Link Test Details to verify the
Signal Level indicator. A low Signal
Level indicates the unit has moved
away from the base station.
ƒ View Link Test Details to verify the
Noise Level indicator. A high Noise
Level indicates a source of
interference in the signal path
between the unit and the base
station.
ƒ Select another unit to verify if the
base station is functioning properly.
ƒ Try to optimize antenna placement
to improve the Signal Level or move
it away from the source of
interference.
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65
Quality
Indicator is
Black
None. The base station
may be busy collecting
diagnostic measurement
results from the unit.
ƒ
ƒ
If the indicator remains blank, click
the other button to return to the
Select a Remote Link Partner screen.
Click the Explore button to refresh
the list of Link Test Partners. If the
initial partner no longer appears, it
may have been switched off, or have
been moved outside the range of the
selected Initiator Station.
Select another Link Test Partner to
verify if the base station is
functioning properly.
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Procedure 3-4
Testing Wireless Network Performance
Testing Wireless Network Performance (Ping Fill Test)
Action
Step
Action
1. On the Analyze tab, click the Ping Fill Test button. The Enter IP
Address screen is displayed.
Note: The above IP address should be that of the CSU (Client of APU)
which can get the IP address list box at the AP configurator.
Figure 4-33
IP Address Tab
2. Enter the IP address and Read/Write Password of the Internet host with
which you would like to test throughput, and click the OK button. The
Ping Fill Test Parameters screen is displayed. .
Note: To test wireless performance, the target system can be one of the
APU Secure Data Mode station's clients. You can also use a wired host
to test wired interface performance.
3. Enter the Test Window Size, Max Packets, and Test Running Time.
Ex) Packet Length: 60, Window size: 80, Maximum Packets: 20,
Number of Seconds: 5
4. Click the OK button. You will see some warning messages, and then
the Ping Fill test will run. The results of the test are then displayed in
the Ping Fill Results screen.
5. Choosing the correct parameters is crucial to obtain the accurate Ping
Fill Test results. To find out more about each of the parameters, click in
the fields shown in the screenshot below.
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Figure 4-34
Ping Fill Test Parameters
6. As soon as Ping Fill test is over, you can see the result windows as
below.
7. Record the results of Average Transfer Rate.
It is recommended that the results window be captured as a picture
and saved in the file.
Figure 4-35
Ping Fill Test Results Window
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Procedure 3-5
Basic Configuration
Set Up General Configuration Options
The Setup tab is used to define the configuration options for the device,
and the General Setup screen is used to enable various setup options.
Click on the Setup tab, then click the General Setup button to display the
General Setup screen as shown below:
Figure 4-36
General Setup window
Note: This menu has been modified for use in this manual. This menu
has all the supported features checked (enabled) and is NOT typical of
the menu you will see. Each of the fields on the screen is explained
below.
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69
Figure 4-37
General Setup window
Enable Bridging
Selecting this checkbox in General Setup will allow you to access the
Bridge Setup screen, which you can use to enable your device’s
transparent Ethernet bridging feature. This allows for the transference of
Ethernet packets between physical networks connected directly to the
base station.
If enabled, the base station will transfer Ethernet packets from one
interface to the other (for example, between the wireless and the wired
networks). The default behavior is to bridge all Ethernet protocols. You
can set which Ethernet protocols to bridge or deny, as well as, Ethernet
stations that will be allowed or disallowed to send packets over the
bridge using Bridge Setup from the Setup tab.
If disabled, only the IP packets with correct the IP Routes set up in the IP
Router Setup will be bridged between the base station's various
interfaces; general Ethernet packets will not be transferred across the
base station. This would be useful in a situation where you want to
enable IP traffic, but not general Ethernet traffic between (sub) networks.
Enable IP Routing
Selecting this checkbox in General Setup will enable your hardware
device to route IP packets between its various interfaces.
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If enabled, you will need to set up routes on the IP Routing screen or you
will not be able to access your hardware unit when you exit the
Configurator program.
Enable Remote Bridging Using IP Tunnels
This option allows you to encapsulate Ethernet packets of any protocol in
IP and then send them to another Secure Data Mode Bridge/Router to deencapsulation. Select this checkbox to enable this capability.
Some versions of the Secure Data Mode Station support a special feature
which will enable Ethernet packets of any protocol type to be
encapsulated in IP and then sent to other Secure Data Mode Stations for
de-encapsulation. This method can be used to set up "virtual" Ethernet
LANs between several points using the IP network as the transport layer.
This feature can be used to create a Virtual Private Network when used
in conjunction with the Data Encryption option.
Enable Watchdog Reboot Timer
Select this item in General Setup to enable the watchdog timer reboot
feature. If packets are not seen on the network for more than 10 minutes,
(a very rare occurrence) the Secure Data Mode Station will reboot itself.
Once it has rebooted, the 10 minute reboot timer will not activate again
until a packet has been seen on one of the interfaces. This is to ensure
that only one reboot will occur if the entire network is truly shut down.
Enable IP UDP/TCP Security Filters
Select this option in General Setup to enable the base station's Firewall
(IP Security Filter) features. You can set the base station to explicitly or
implicitly allow or deny IP connections to specific UDP or TCP ports,
and/or between specific IP addresses or subnets. For more information,
see Firewall Setup.
Note: This option is only available when the MAC Authentication
Access Control button has been selected on the General Setup screen.
Enable Outgoing Network Address Translation
Select this checkbox if you will be using Outgoing NAT to multiplex
traffic from all the computers on your internet network through the
Secure Data Mode Bridge/Router.
Outgoing Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple
computers to share a single IP address to connect to an IP network,
including the Internet. This allows homes, small businesses, and Internet
Service Providers to have Internet service for all of their computers
without having to pay for additional IP addresses. The NAT feature
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serves as a simple firewall for incoming connections, since only traffic
initiated by an interior computer is permitted through the NAT.
Enable Incoming Network Address Translation
Select this checkbox if you will be using Incoming NAT to multiplex
traffic from the network to all the computers on the internal network.
Incoming Network Address Translations (NAT) is used to redirect
requests to servers in the local address space based on the port of the
request. If, for example, the client at local address 10.0.1.2 is serving
web pages, and a request comes to the access point on that port for a web
session, then the request will be forwarded to the web server on 10.0.1.2.
The server will respond with the web page to the address of the original
request.
Note: Incoming NAT only needs to be configured if servers in the local
(private) Address space needs to connect with clients in the global
(public) address space.
Enable DHCP Server
Select this checkbox if you are using the Secure Data Mode Bridge/
Router to provide DHCP information to the computers on your network.
Note: If you do not check this option, you will not be able to access the
DHCP Server screen.
Enable Secure Data Mode Radius Authentication
Select this checkbox if you wish to enable RADIUS authentication for
your Secure Data Mode stations.
Enable Network Address Translation Redirector
Select this checkbox if you wish to enable network address translation
(NAT) redirection, which is used to forward the packets sent to a
particular port number to a specified IP address, regardless of the original
destination IP address.
Access Control Buttons
The access control buttons determine how authentication is controlled.
There are three possible means of authentication control:
ƒ Disable - Selecting Disable turns off MAC authentication entirely.
ƒ Legacy Access Control - Selecting Legacy Access Control enables
access to the Access Control Setup screen and disables access to the
Advanced Authentication screen
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ƒ
MAC Authentication Access Control - Selecting MAC
Authentication Access Control enables access to the Advanced
Authentication Setup screen, which provides more detailed MAC
authentication setup options, and disables access to the Access
Control Setup screen.
Set Up Interfaces
Once you have enabled various configuration options, you need to define
the network interfaces for your hardware device. You will typically set
up one or more of the following interfaces:
As the name suggests, the Interface Setup screen is used to set up
network interfaces. From the Setup tab, click the Interface Setup button.
The Interface Setup screen is displayed, as shown below:
Figure 4-38
Interface setup window
Interface (APU)
Interface (CSU)
The following rules apply for setting up network interfaces:
ƒ
ƒ
You do not need to set up the Ethernet Interface.
If you have an 802.11 radio card, click the Setup 2 button to set up
the 802.11 interface.
Remote Checkbox -- Select this checkbox if all traffic coming in on this
interface is to be viewed as remote traffic for firewall, bridging, filtering,
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and routing purposes. If this checkbox is not selected, then all traffic on
this interface will be considered local traffic. Note that the “Remote”
designation is significant only for the Security filters, and does not imply
physical location. The security filters will pass (permit) or drop (deny)
packets of particular types from being forwarded between interfaces
designated as “Local” (unchecked) and those designated as “Remote”.
Note: At least one enabled interface must be a remote interface.
Enabled -- Select this checkbox if this interface should be enabled. If
this box is not selected, then the base station will disable the interface
and it will not be used, and the interface itself will be "down" from an
administrative standpoint.
Note: At least one enabled interface must be a remote interface.
Maximum Transfer Rate (Kbits/sec) -- The maximum transfer rate is
the number of bits that can be used for sending and receiving packets. If
you wish to limit the maximum data transfer rate for a particular
interface, enter the maximum number of kilobits per second that can be
transmitted from and to the base station. This helps to reduce the risk of
over-powering remote sites and to limit the bandwidth used by a
particular base station.
Note: The transfer rate represents the total transfer rate for both sending
and receiving packets. For example, if you set the transfer rate to 10,000
Kbits (10 Mbits) per second, then 10 Mbits represents the maximum rate
available for both sending and receiving packets. Therefore, if you use 7
Mbits per second in sending the packets, then only 3 Mbits per second
are available for receiving packets.
Setup 1, 2, 3 -- The Setup 1, 2 buttons are used to define the available
interfaces. In the screenshot shown above, clicking Setup 1 will display
the Ethernet Setup screen, clicking Setup 2 will display the 802.11 Setup
screen. Each of the Interface Setup screens is explained in more detail
below.
Set up Ethernet
Clicking the Setup 1 button on the Interface Setup screen displays the
Ethernet Setup screen.
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Figure 4-39
Ethernet Setup window
The Secure Data Mode station will automatically set up the Ethernet
interface to use the type of medium that has been connected to the unit.
By default, the Ethernet connection is set at 10 Mbit/sec for both half
duplex and full duplex. Therefore, you do not need to configure special
settings for the Ethernet hardware interface. If you wish to customize the
Ethernet settings, you can change the settings listed below. However,
you do not need to change any settings for your hardware device to be
functional.
ƒ
ƒ
The Secure Data Mode Station supports both Ethernet IEEE 802.3
and DIX Ethernet frame types.
Protocols are set in the Interface Setup window of the Setup Tab.
Note: Do not change the default setup “10Mbit/sec Auto Duplex” in this
setup window without consulting the manufacturer.
Ethernet Type -- The Ethernet type options provide a variety of
Ethernet settings. The default value for Ethernet type will vary,
depending on your hardware device. Only the settings that are enabled
on your screen are supported by your particular hardware device. If your
switch or Ethernet card supports different speeds, you may want to
change the speed setting.
Set Up 802.11
Clicking the Setup 2 button on the Interface Setup screen displays the
802.11 Setup screen. The 802.11 Setup screen is used to set up the
interface to your 802.11 network devices.
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Figure 4-40
802.11 Radio Interface Setup window (APU Secure Data Mode)
Figure 4-41
802.11 Radio Interface Setup window (CSU Secure Data Mode)
802.11 Network Name-- The 802.11 Network Name is used in standard
IEEE 802.11 networks to distinguish stations in your 802.11 network
from stations that belong to a neighboring 802.11 network..
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76
The value used for the radio interface on this station should be the same
for all wireless stations in the 802.11 network. Only stations configured
with the proper 802.11 Network Name will be able to connect to the
802.11 station's radio interface.
The Network Name can be any alphanumeric string in the range of "a" to
"z,” "A" to "Z" and "0" to "9,” and can contain from 1 to 32 characters.
If you wish to allow access to the wireless network to be open to all
wireless stations, the Network Name should be set to ANY.
Note: The Network Name is used only when the 802.11 radio interface
(for example, Orinoco) is set to run in IEEE 802.11ccess Point Mode.
Secure Data Mode No Base Stations-- Select this option to set your
802.11 device's radio card on this interface to run as a Secure Data Mode
Network without a Secure Data Mode Base Station (i.e. peer-to-peer).
Use this setting only in the rare instance when all Secure Data Mode
stations are able to "see" each other (i.e., there are no hidden nodes).
When all connected Secure Data Mode Stations are not able to "'see" one
another, this setting should not be used. In that case, you should set one
of your Secure Data Mode Station stations to Secure Data Mode Base
Station, and the others to Remote (Satellite) Secure Data Mode Stations.
APU Secure Data Mode-- Selecting this option sets the Secure Data
Mode Station to run as a Secure Data Mode Base Station over the 802.11
device's radio interface. Every system that needs to connect to the
wireless network must be able to connect to the Secure Data Mode Base
Station.
When you select this Base Station type, you must select one of the
Protocol Filtering Modes. The Protocol Filtering Mode determines how
the base will interact with the satellite (slave) stations. Is it recommended
that you use the Enable Filters between Slaves mode.
The possible base station modes are as follows:
Non-Polling Base Station
The non-polling Secure Data Mode Base Station Mode is provided
mostly for compatibility with older Secure Data Mode Networks, but
may give increased performance over other (polling) Secure Data Mode
Base Station modes in a lightly loaded network, or in a network with
only a few satellites.
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Setting a base station to non-polling mode may increase performance in
the rare case where all satellites can hear one another (i.e. there are no
hidden nodes), or when there is sporadic network use. In an environment
where most network traffic is with one satellite, and other satellites rarely
transmit data, this setting may also increase performance. However, it is
highly recommended that you select one of the polling modes.
Selecting this Secure Data Mode Base Station Mode takes full advantage
of the features of a Secure Data Mode Network.
Polling Base Station
Selecting this Secure Data Mode Base Station Mode sets the Secure Data
Mode Station to run as a Secure Data Mode Base Station which performs
a highly optimized Nortel Networks-proprietary polling of the satellite
stations for data. In the Non-Polling Base Station mode, all wireless
stations must be able to 'hear' each others' traffic, or performance may
degrade considerably (the hidden node problem). In polling mode, the
Base Station will poll each station for data, and also offer the opportunity
for 'free-for-all' sending of data at set intervals.
In conjunction with the standard features of the Secure Data Mode
Network, this Secure Data Mode Base Station Mode offers a significant
performance increase over other wireless protocols when the network is
under a heavy load.
ISP Base Station
Selecting this Secure Mode Base Station sets the Secure Mode Station to
run as a base station for connections to Microsoft Windows PC Clients.
This mode takes full advantage of the features of a Secure Mode
Network and allows Windows clients to connect directly to the base
station, eliminating the need for an Ethernet connection to a second
Secure Mode Station running as a Remote Secure Mode Station.
The following Windows clients are supported:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Windows 95a (with the Winsock 2 update)
Windows 95b
Windows 98
Windows NT 4.0
Windows XP
To filter Ethernet protocols that are transferred between the wireless
stations (for example, to disable the Windows Network Neighborhood),
select ISP Base Station with Protocol Filtering. Filters set in Bridge
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78
Setup... are not applied to wireless-only traffic in the non-filtering ISP
Secure Data Mode Base Station Mode.
We strongly recommend that you set your Secure Data Mode Base
Station to ISP Base Station with Protocol Filtering mode when
connecting Windows PC Client satellites.
ISP Base Station with Protocol Filtering
Selecting this Secure Data Mode Base Station Mode gives you the same
functionality of the ISP Base Station mode, with an added filtering
function that applies the bridge filters set in Bridge Setup to traffic sent
over the wireless network as well.
With the non-filtering ISP Secure Data Mode Base Station Mode, all
traffic between two wireless stations is permitted. Bridge filters do not
apply to wireless-only traffic in the non-filtering ISP Secure Data Mode
Base Station Mode.
When using the ISP Base Station with the Protocol Filtering setting, you
can set the bridge filters so that each wireless machine (or LAN behind
another connected Secure Data Mode Station) is 'hidden' from all other
machines or LAN's connected to the Secure Data Mode Network.
Properly setting up Protocol Filtering will disable the Windows 'Network
Neighborhood' from seeing other machines connected on the wireless
network.
If you do not deny IP and IP-ARP packet types in Protocol Filtering,
wireless machines are still able to connect to each other via IP packets,
including TCP and UDP. Permitting only IP traffic over the wireless
network will allow your wireless clients to interact as if they were
connected to the Internet, but not together on a private network. For
added security, the firewall features of the bridge can be used to deny
certain types of IP packets from flowing between the wireless stations.
We strongly recommend that you select ISP Base Station with Protocol
Filtering when the Secure Data Mode Base Station will service satellites
running the PC Client.
CSU Secure Data Mode-- Selecting this option in IEEE 802.11 sets the
Secure Data Mode Station to Connect to an APU Secure Data Mode
Station over this 802.11 device’s radio interface.
To properly use this setting, you must be sure that the following items
match the APU Secure Data Mode Station Settings:
ƒ
ƒ
Network ID(NWID)
System Access Pass phrase
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ƒ
Frequency Channel
Enable Signal Quality Front Panel Display-- On units that have a front
panel display that is capable of displaying the signal quality, selecting
this checkbox will enable the signal quality display.
Deny Inter-Client Traffic on this Interface-- Select this checkbox if
you wish to prevent wireless stations from sending packets to each other
directly. Usually, the AP will repeat station-to-station traffic and will not
send it to the bridge and firewall filters. This is because bridging routines
historically works between physical interfaces only.
An Ethernet packet sent between two Ethernet hosts on the same
Ethernet subnet will automatically be seen by the destination host. With
wireless, the packet must be repeated by the AP. This turns off the AP’s
packet repeating code.
Secure Data Mode Advanced Setup
Clicking the Advanced Button on the 802.11 Setup screen displays the
802.11 Advanced Setup screen, which allows you to configure more
options related to the setup of your 802.11 network device.
The appearance of the 802.11 Setup screen varies depending on which
options are set on the 802.11 Setup screen. The 802.11 Advanced Setup
screen for a Secure Data Mode Base Station is shown below.
Figure 4-42
Advanced setup dialog box
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[802.11g]
Frequency Channel
2412 MHz
2417 MHz
2422 MHz
2427 MHz
2432 MHz
10
11
2437 MHz
2442 MHz
2447 MHz
2452 MHz
2457 MHz
2462 MHz
Transmit Rate
54 Mbps
6 Mbps
48Mbps
11 Mbps
36 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
24 Mbps
2 Mbps
12 Mbps
1 Mbps
Transmit Power
Maximum
50%
25%
12.5%
Antenna Gain
Max allowable antenna gain:
12 dBi
Caution: Do not use any other antennas except as ET-PR12 exceeding
the allowed Max antenna gain value (12dBi) in case you select 802.11g/b
as operation radio standard.
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[802.11b]
Frequency Channel
2412 MHz
2417 MHz
2422 MHz
2427 MHz
2432 MHz
10
11
2437 MHz
2442 MHz
2447 MHz
2452 MHz
2457 MHz
2462 MHz
Transmit Rate
11 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
2 Mbps
1 Mbps
Transmit Power
Maximum
50%
25%
12.5%
Antenna Gain
Max allowable antenna gain:
12 dBi
Caution: Do not use any other antennas except as ET-PR12 exceeding
the allowed Max antenna gain value (12dBi) in case you select 802.11g/b
as operation radio standard.
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Network ID-- Enter the Secure Data Mode network ID number (0-15)
used to differentiate between multiple Secure Data Mode stations using
the same System Access Pass Phrase. This is used to allow a Secure Data
Mode satellite to specify the Base Station it wants to connect to if two
base stations can be seen by the same satellite. Generally, this value
should be the same as the Channel Number.
802.11 Frequency Setup-- Clicking the Frequency button on the 802.11
Setup screen displays the 802.11 Frequency Setup screen, which allows
you to set the Frequency Channel for your 802.11 radio card.
The 802.11 Frequency Setup screen is used to change the channel and
frequency for one of the remote devices on your network. Note that this
screen is only accessible if you have identified remote devices in your
network. If all devices are in your local network, then the Frequency
Setup screen is unavailable.
Channel/Frequency-- Select the channel and frequency for the remote
device from the drop-down list. See Frequency Channels for a more
detailed explanation of the frequency channels.
[802.11a]
Frequency Channel
149
5745 MHz
153
5765 MHz
157
5785 MHz
161
5805 MHz
[802.11b/g]
Frequency Channel
2412 MHz
2417 MHz
2422 MHz
2427 MHz
2432 MHz
10
11
2437 MHz
2442 MHz
2447 MHz
2452 MHz
2457 MHz
2462 MHz
Radio Transmit Rate-- Select the radio bit rate used to transmit.
Your choices are:
[802.11a]
Transmit Rate
6Mbps
36Mbps
9Mbps
48Mbps
12Mbps 54Mbps
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24Mbps
[802.11g]
Transmit Rate
54 Mbps
6 Mbps
48Mbps
11 Mbps
36 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
24 Mbps
2 Mbps
12 Mbps
1 Mbps
[802.11b]
Transmit Rate
11 Mbps
5.5 Mbps
2 Mbps
1 Mbps
A lower signal will increase the noise. In essence, the poorer the signalto-noise ratio, the lower this rate should be set.
Note: The transmit rate affects only the transmissions made by this
station.
Note: The channel/frequency values are usually determined by network
administrators. If you set the channel and frequency ensure that there are
at least four numerical channels difference between two overlapping
cells to avoid interference. For example, channels 1, 6 and 11 don’t
overlap, but channels 1 and 3 do.
In the other side, if you are intended to use 802.11a, please keep in mind
that all channels (4 channels) with 20MHz bandwidth are not permitted
to be overlapped with each channels in the frequency plan.
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802.11 Security Setup
Clicking the Security button on the 802.11 Setup screen displays the
802,11 Security Setup screen, which allows you to set up security for
your 802.11 devices. Note that the fields shown in the screenshot below
will vary depending on the version of the Configurator you are using and
the options contained in the .bin file. The screen below shows all
available options.
Figure 4-43
802.11 Security Setup window
Disable WEP Encryption-- Select this button if you wish to disable
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption.
If you are not concerned about security (for example, home users using
this device only to browse the Internet), and if you are not concerned
your AP is used by others, then select this checkbox.
Note: For simple security, you can disable WEP encryption and select
the Closed Wireless System checkbox.
Static WEP Keys Only-- Select this button if you wish to enter Wired
Equivalent Privacy (WEP) keys identically on each access point/station
and Secure Data Mode unit in the network. When you select this button,
the four Static EP Encryption key fields are enabled on the right side of
the screen.
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85
Deny Non-Encrypted Data-- Select this checkbox if you want to deny
all received data that is not encrypted. When this checkbox is selected,
any packet received that is not encrypted using one of the four WEP
Encryption keys listed above will be dropped. When this checkbox is not
selected, unencrypted packets will be accepted and/or forwarded.
Warning: You should always select this checkbox if WEP is enabled in
any form. If disabled, clients without WEP can access your network!
Use n-bit WEP Keys-- Select either 64-bit (silver) or 128-bit (gold)
encryption keys. The higher bit count provides somewhat higher security.
AES(Advanced Encryption Standard)—If you want more secured
encryption than n-bit WEP, you can choose this option with which 16
character string’s keys are supportable for Atheros based untis.
Static WEP Encryption Keys-- If you use static encryption keys, you
must enter each key in the Static WEP Encryption Keys fields. Note that
these keys must be entered identically on each access point/station and
Secure Data Mode unit in the network.
Encrypt Data Transmission Using Key n-- Enter the key number that
should be used to encrypt data on this interface. Note that you can
receive using any key, but will generally always transmit using a single
key. Unicast transmissions to an 802.1x station with dynamic keys will
use that’s station’s dynamic key, but all broadcasts, multicasts, and other
unicasts will be encrypted using the key identified in this field.
Configure the APU for Basic MAC Authentication
Advanced Authentication allows you to restrict access to an 802.11
access point by specifying the MAC Addresses of stations that can use
the wireless bridge
1. Select the Setup Tab, and then click the General Setup button. The
General Setup screen is displayed, as shown below.
2. Select the MAC Authentication Access Control radio button, as
shown in the screenshot, then click OK to close the General Setup
screen.
3. Click the Advanced Authentication button. The Advanced
Authentication Setup screen is displayed, as shown in Figure 4-45.
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86
Figure 4-44
General Setup Window
Figure 4-45
Advanced Authentication Setup Window
When a station tries to connect to the hardware device (via Ethernet,
802.11, etc.), the AP can decide whether or not to forward packets to or
from that station based on authorization criteria. There are three
authentication modules that comprise MAC authentication, but the
network administrator determines which of those three modules are used.
•
•
Access Control List (ACL)
MAC RADIUS Authentication (with optional WARP support)
These modules are enabled on a per-interface basis. This provides
greater control for the network administrator. In essence, the
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 5 Dec 2005
87
administrator decides whether there will be more or less (or no)
authentication on an interface-by-interface basis.
For example, an administrator can permit MAC addresses entered as part
of the ACL only on 802.11, but can permit MAC addresses entered
through RADIUS Setup for both the Ethernet and 802.11 interfaces.
The modules are checked in the order in which they appear on the
Advanced Authentication Setup screen, and the options that have been
selected (checked) determine how authentication is carried out.
Assuming that all options are selected, the first method used is the
Access Control List, followed by MAC Address Radius, followed by
802.1x authentication. If no options are selected, then no authentication
takes place. Zero to three of the modules can be enabled, but at least one
module must be enabled for advanced authentication to take place.
The process by which authentication takes place is as follows:
ƒ
ƒ
The first module in the list (for example, ACL) checks the source
address of the incoming packet to see if it is permitted to send
packets on the selected interfaces.
The module will designate the address as one of the following:
•
•
•
Permit -- the MAC address is permitted on this interface, and
packets are forwarded
Deny - the MAC address is denied on this interface, and the
packets are not sent
Unknown - the MAC address is not known on this interface, and
is passed to the next authentication module
ƒ
If the designation is unknown, then it is passed to the next module in
the list (for example, from the ACL to MAC RADIUS
Authentication), and the process starts again.
ƒ
Ensure that the MAC Address RADIUS Authentication checkbox is
enabled, and then click the Setup button. The Authentication Module
Setup screen is displayed as shown below.
Note: The number of tabs displayed on this screen will vary depending
on which Advanced Authentication options you have selected on the
Advanced Authentication Setup screen. In the screenshot below, all
Advanced Authentication options have been enabled.
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Figure 4-46
Authentication Module Setup Window
4. Click the MAC RADIUS tab. The MAC RADIUS Setup screen is
displayed, as shown below.
Figure 4-47
Authentication Module Setup Windows
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The MAC RADIUS Setup screen is used to define advanced
authentication and accounting options for clients that are authenticated
via RADIUS using the client's MAC Address as the RADIUS username.
RADIUS authentication and accounting server IP addresses and port
numbers are set up using the MAC RADIUS Setup screen. Note that this
particular MAC RADIUS module applies only to Ethernet and 802.11
access point interfaces.
This screen is used in conjunction with the RADIUS Server Setup screen
to define various authentication options. If you wish to use accounting,
you must first set up accounting parameters on the RADIUS Server
Setup screen.
5. Enter values in the RADIUS Server Setup screen to configure your
RADIUS server. Each field on the screen is explained in more detail
below.
Use formatted MAC Address for username-- Select “A1-2B-3C-45CD-EF” if you wish to use all uppercase formatting for MAC address
accounting. This format corresponds to the new RFC RADIUS
standards.
Select a1b2c3-d4e5f6 if you wish to use the older formatting of MAC
addresses. Select the EAP packet username if you wish to use the EAP
packet username (802.1x Authentication only).
Enable this method on the following interfaces.
Select the interfaces used for MAC RADIUS authentication.
Note: You can select either the Ethernet or 802.11 interface if you wish
to use WARP.
Retry Interval-- The retry interval for authentication, in tenths of a
second. The default value is 5, or a retry interval of .5 seconds. You can
set the retry interval to any value between 3 (.3 seconds) and 30 (3
seconds).
Maximum Retries-- The number of times the access point will retry to
connect with the server. The default value is 8(eight), and the range for
retries is between 1(one) and 10(ten).
Idle User Timeout (sec)
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Enter a value in this field if you wish to disconnect users after a period of
inactivity. The value entered will be the number of seconds that must
pass without activity before users are disconnected.
The default value is 300 seconds (or five minutes). The range of
accepted values is between 0 and 3825.
Disable Grace Period -- The grace period allows a client to roam
between access points without losing open TCP connections. Select this
checkbox if you wish to disable the grace period. If selected, the user
does not receive a grace period; if unselected, the user receives a grace
period.
Note: The Grace Period must be enabled (unchecked) if you wish to use
WARP.
Re-authenticate Rejected Users Every n Minutes -- Select the interval
at which users who have not been authenticated will be allowed to reauthenticate. The default interval is 60 minutes.
Accept the User-- Select this radio button if you wish to allow network
access to the user if the RADIUS server is down.
Reject the User -- Select this radio button if you wish to deny network
access to the user if the RADIUS server is down.
Do not change user authentication state-- Select this checkbox if you
wish to keep the user authentication state the same as that before the
RADIUS server went down. When this checkbox is selected, if the user
was authenticated before the server went down, then the user will remain
authenticated. If the user was not authenticated before the RADIUS
server went down, then the user will remain unauthenticated.
Note: This field is used in conjunction with the "After n Failed
Authentication Attempts and "Make users wait n seconds" fields.
Attempt Re-authentication Every n Minutes -- If the RADIUS server
cannot be reached, the access point will attempt to authenticate all clients
via the RADIUS server according to the interval specified here. The reauthentication interval must be specified in increments of 15 minutes.
Valid values are 15, 30, 45, etc.
Enable RADIUS Accounting --Select this button if you wish to enable
RADIUS accounting. Accounting keeps track of the number of bytes
and packets sent by a client. It also keeps track of the amount of time a
client has been authenticated. You will want to select this button if you
wish to monitor the amount of traffic a client passes, or the amount of
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time a user is logged on. Typically, you will do this if you wish to bill
the client based on time or traffic.
Note: Accounting must be used with authentication. You cannot use
accounting without authentication.
Enable RADIUS Accounting Interim Updates -- Select this checkbox
if you wish to allow RADIUS accounting updates. If this feature is
enabled, the number of bytes and packets sent by a client will be updated
according to the update interval defined on the Advanced RADIUS Setup
screen.
WARP Settings Button -- Clicking this button displays the WARP
Settings screen, which allows you to define various IP addresses and
ports that will be used for Wireless Authentication and Registration
Protocol (WARP).
Advanced RADIUS Settings Button -- Clicking this button displays the
Advanced RADIUS Settings screen, which enables you to define more
advanced RADIUS parameters.
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Configure the APU for Advanced RADIUS MAC Authentication
1. From the MAC RADIUS Setup screen, click the Advanced RADIUS
Settings button. The Advanced RADIUS Setup screen is displayed,
as shown below.
Figure 4-48
Advanced RADIUS Setup Window
The Advanced RADIUS Setup screen is used to configure optional
RADIUS-related parameters.
2. Enter values in the Advanced RADIUS Setup screen, as indicated by
the field descriptions below.
NAS Identifier - This field displays your Network Access Server (NAS)
name. The access point's SNMP System Name is used as the NAS
Identifier, and is shown here for your convenience.
Note: The NAS ID takes the place of the IP address that would normally
be used to identify the AP.
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Use New Accounting Session ID After Authentication -- Select this
checkbox if you wish to use another ID for accounting after
authentication has taken place.
Interim Update Interval -- Set the interval (in minutes) between interim
updates. The interim update is used to send information in between
normal "start/stop" packets. Interim updates are useful because they
provide a log of network traffic at a regular interval.
The default value for the interim update interval is 15 minutes. The
interim update must be between 1 - 60 minutes.
Retry Interval (1/10 sec) -- The retry interval for accounting, in tenths
of a second. The default value is 5 (or a retry interval of .5 seconds).
You can set the retry interval to any value between 3 and 30.
Maximum Retries -- The number of times the access point will retry to
connect with the server. The default value is 8, and the range for retries
is between 1 and 10.
Set Up Realms for -- When an access client sends user credentials, a
user name is often included. Within the user name are two elements:
•
•
Identification of the user account name
Identification of the user account location
For example, for the user name user1@microsoft.com, user1 is the user
account name and microsoft.com is the location of the user account. The
identification of the location of the user account is known as a realm.
With RADIUS, a realm is used to separate one name space from another.
This allows you to create a login such as user@dom1.com and another
login such as user@dom2.com. RADIUS realms also allow Internet
Service Providers (ISPs) to segment customer logins, so authentications
go to the appropriate RADIUS server(s).
A domain is registered with the InterNIC, and used for mapping servers
and services to IP addresses, such as Web, e-mail, etc. Typically, a
RADIUS realm corresponds to a domain name (e.g., microsoft.com;
yahoo.com). However, there is no requirement to do so, and in fact ISPs
often assign realms with no top-level domain (for example, user@dom1 - without a .com extension).
From the dropdown list, select the accounting or authorization feature for
which to provide special handling of . Options
currently include:
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•
•
•
Access Control List (ACL) RADIUS Accounting
MAC RADIUS Accounting
MAC RADIUS Authorization
For each of the above Authentication/Accounting types, special handling
of RADIUS Realms can be enabled or disabled using the "Enabled
RADIUS Realms in this mode" checkbox. Depending on the selected
Authentication/Accounting type, different options are available for how
to handle RADIUS realms.
Following Realm Name -- Select the type of behavior that will be used
for the realm. The behavior determines how the access point handles the
realm. Select one of the following realm types:
Append -- Takes the user supplied user name, and appends the realm
name onto it (for example, if the user name is smith and the realm name
is microsoft.com, then the append action produces
smith@microsoft.com)
Supply -- Supplies the selected realm name if the user does not already
have one selected. If the user provided a realm name, then use the
provided realm name, and do not use the one provided.
• Example #1: User provided smith, Behavior is set to Supply, and
user did not provide a realm name. The supply action produces
jsmith@microsoft.com.
• Example #2: User provided smith, Behavior is set to Supply, and
user provided the realm name yahoo.com. The supply action
produces jsmith@yahoo.com).
Require -- Requires the user to use the selected realm name (or none, if
none is selected). If there is a realm name in the realm name field, the
user must have the realm name indicated by the radio button. If the user
does not, then he or she is not authenticated. If none is selected, then the
user is required not to have a realm name.
• Example #1: User provided smith, Behavior is set to require,
user has the realm name microsoft.com, but yahoo.com is entered
in the realm name field. The user is not authenticated.
• Example #2: User provided smith, Behavior is set to require,
user has the realm name microsoft.com and microsoft.com is
entered in the realm name field. The user is authenticated.)
Force -- Replaces any realm name supplied by the user with the selected
realm name, or strips off the realm name supplied by the user in the case
of none.
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•
Example: User provided smith, Behavior is set to Force, user
provides the realm name microsoft.com, but yahoo.com is
entered in the realm name field. The user is authenticated as
jsmith@yahoo.com)
Note: The available behaviors vary depending on the type of accounting
or authorization realm selected. The following table shows the types of
behaviors available for each type of accounting or authorization realm.
Table 4-5
Type of Accounting/Authorization Realm
ACL Radius Accounting
MAC RADIUS Accounting
MAC RADIUS Authentication
Behavior(s) Available
• Append
• Append
• Append
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Configure the RADIUS Server
Once the AP has been configured for basic operation, you are ready to
configure the device for HotSpot Mode and Firewall functionality.
This is a four-step process:
•
•
•
•
Configure the RADIUS Server for Authentication (and,
optionally, Accounting)
Configure the APU for Basic RADIUS MAC Authentication.
Configure the APU for Advanced RADIUS MAC Authentication.
Set up HotSpot Functionality
Each step is explained in more detail below. Note that this section
assumes that you have launched the AP Configurator and that you have
completed all steps in Configure the Access Point for Basic Operation
section.
From the Setup tab on the Configurator, click the RADIUS Server button.
The RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Server Setup screen is
displayed, as shown below.
Figure 4-49
RADIUS Setup Window
The RADIUS Server Setup screen is used to configure authentication and
accounting parameters for terminal servers that speak the RADIUS
protocol.
RADIUS is the de-facto standard protocol for authenticating users and
for recording accounting information. Accounting keeps track of the
number of bytes and packets sent by a client. It also keeps track of the
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amount of time a client has been authenticated. It is commonly used by
Terminal Servers or Network Access Servers (NASs) whenever a user
logs on and off a dialup Internet service.
Note: This screen is only available if the MAC Authentication Access
Control button on the General Setup screen has been selected.
There are two main sections in the RADIUS server setup dialog:
RADIUS Authentication Setup and RADIUS Accounting Setup
In most cases you will want to set up both, although you do not have to
set up Accounting. The two are almost identical except for the
Authorization Lifetime, which appears only with Authentication.
To set up RADIUS authentication and accounting:
1. Enter values in the RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Server
Setup screen to configure your RADIUS server. Each field on the
screen is explained in more detail below.
Authorization Lifetime -- Authorization lifetime is the length of time
the authorization is valid. Users will need to be-authenticated/reauthorized after this time expires. You should set this value to the
maximum time you wish a user to be able to use your service without the
need to be re-authenticated.
Shared Secret -- The client file for your RADIUS server contains the IP
address and password for the base station you are setting up. You must
add the IP address and password (shared secret) from this file in the
RADIUS Server Setup screen.
Note: There are separate shared secrets (passwords) for authentication
setup and accounting setup. The shared secret is an ASCII string that
should be between 2 - 32 characters and should not start with a space.
Primary Server IP Address -- In the RADIUS dialog, enter the IP
address for the RADIUS server (the host).
Primary Server Authentication Port -- In the RADIUS dialog, enter
the authentication port (default = 1812) for the RADIUS server (the host).
Secondary Server IP Address -- If you are using a second RADIUS
server for network robustness, enter the IP address of that RADIUS
server.
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Primary Server Accounting Port -- In the RADIUS dialog, enter the
accounting port (default = 1812) for the RADIUS server (the host).
Secondary Server Authentication Port -- If you are using a second
RADIUS server for network robustness, enter the authentication port
(default = 1812) for that RADIUS server (the host).
Secondary Server Accounting Port -- If you are using a second
RADIUS server for network robustness, enter the accounting port
(default = 1812) for that RADIUS server (the host).
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Procedure 3-6
Advanced and Optional Configuration
Once you have set up the basic network configuration, you may choose
to set up one or more optional or advanced configuration components.
This chapter describes how to configure the following optional and
advanced components:
Set Up the Bridge
The Bridge Setup screen is used to set up the bridge. In addition, you
may use the following screens to set up optional bridge components:
The Bridge Setup screen is used to set up the parameters used for
bridging. In most cases you will not need to modify the factory
configured Bridge Setup. If you are working with an extensive network
environment, however, and if you are an experienced network
administrator, you may want to modify some of the parameters to fit
specific network requirements.
The top half of the screen allows you to define different handling options
based on different protocols. The bottom half of the screen allows you to
define different handling options based on individual MAC addresses.
Note: This screen is only available when the Enable Bridging checkbox
has been selected on the General Setup screen.
Figure 4-50
Bridge Setup window
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Protocol Filtering
The Protocol Filtering section of the Bridge Setup screen allows you
to select a handling method (Bridge, Deny, or Tunnel) for the most
common protocols.
Figure 4-51
Protocol Filtering Setup window
1. Select the protocols from the list that you wish to handle separately,
or click the Custom button to add an unlisted protocol. Click the OK
button when finished to re-display the Bridge Setup screen. Note
that the protocols you have selected are listed in the Protocol
Filtering window, and that all protocols are denied by default.
2. If you wish to Bridge or Tunnel any of the protocols in the list, select
the protocol, then click either the Bridge or Tunnel buttons
3. At the bottom of the Protocol Filtering list, click the Bridge, Deny, or
Tunnel button to define how all other non-listed protocols should be
handled.
Note: You can add new protocols to the list at any time by clicking the
Edit button and checking additional protocol check boxes.
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Tunnel Button--The Tunnel button is used in conjunction with the
protocols listed in the Protocol Filtering list. Select a protocol from the
list and click the Tunnel button to indicate that the selected protocol
should be tunneled.
Deny Button-- the Deny button is used in conjunction with the protocols
listed in the Protocol Filtering list. Select a protocol from the list and
click the Deny button to indicate that the selected protocol should be
denied.
Bridge Button-- the Bridge button is used in conjunction with the
protocols listed in the Protocol Filtering list. Select a protocol from the
list and click the Bridge button to indicate that the selected protocol
should be bridged.
Bridge MAC Address Filtering Overview
You can specify static MAC Address filters in Bridge Setup to optimize
the performance and increase security on your wireless (and wired)
network. You can permit or deny access to individual stations by
specifying their particular MAC Addresses, or to multiple stations by
using an X as a wildcard character. You can also permit or deny
Ethernet multicast address all traffic that does not match one of the pairs
explicitly listed in the Ethernet pair list will be permitted or denied based
on your selection.
Table 4-6
Traffic Filtering
Selection
Traffic Matching Listed Pairs
Permit Following Ethernet Pair
Deny Following Ethernet Pair
Permit
Deny
Traffic Not Matching Listed
Pairs
Deny
Permit
Stations to be filtered are identified by their MAC Address and whether
they are on a remote or local interface. The Interface parameter indicates
whether the station with the specified MAC Address is located on the
wired or wireless interface of the base station. Use the Add, Delete, and
Edit buttons to modify the entries of the list.
Permit Ethernet Broadcasts-- If you wish to deny broadcast traffic in
your bridged network, deselect this option. Normally, however, you will
select this option to permit Ethernet broadcasts.
Note: This option applies to all Ethernet interfaces, and not simply to
Ethernet traffic.
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Permit Ethernet Multicasts-- If you wish to deny multicast traffic in your
bridged network, deselect this option. Normally, however, you will select
this option to permit Ethernet multicasts.
Note: This option applies to all Ethernet interfaces, and not simply to
Ethernet traffic.
Advanced Bridging Features
The Advanced Bridge features can be accessed by clicking the Advanced
Features button on the Bridge Setup screen.
MAC Layer (Ethernet) Filters allow you to filter Ethernet traffic due to
bad or unknown
DHCP Filtering allows you to limit DHCP responses to a particular
DHCP server.
IP/ARP Filtering allows you to prevent unnecessary IP/ARP packets
from being sent over the wireless link.
Incoming Broadcast Filters allow you to prevent broadcast and multicast
packets arriving from the remote interface(s) from being transmitted on
the local interface(s).
Outgoing Broadcast Filters allow you to prevent broadcast and multicast
packets sent from the local interface(s) from being transmitted out the
remote interface(s).
Miscellaneous Statistics Gathering allows you to enable some
miscellaneous advanced bridging features.
Figure 4-52
Advanced Bridging Setup window
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Permit Multicast Button-- Select this checkbox if you wish to permit
multicast.
Prune Multicast Button-- Select this checkbox if you wish to prune
multicast.
Enable Learned Table Lockdown--A standard Bridge/Router watches the
source addresses of each packet it receives on any of its interfaces.
As new addresses are seen, entries are added in the “learned table” that
contain the particular source address and the interface number that
address was received on. If that source address is later seen on a
different interface, the Bridge will immediately change the interface
number in the learned entry table. This condition could happen in a
correctly functioning network if someone moved the computer to a
different part of the network.
This could also happen if someone was trying to capture network packets
by spoofing the Bridge. Enabling learned table lockdown will prevent
the interface number from being changed once the source address has
been seen.
A standard Bridge will also time-out the learned table records every ten
(10) minutes. If learned table lockdown is enabled, these records will not
be timed-out. Once a record is learned, it will not be changed or deleted
until either the Secure Data Mode station reboots or the learned table
becomes completely filled and needs to be reset.
Note: A typical Secure Data Mode learned table can contain over
12,000 records.
Enable Expanded IP/ARP Support
Enabling this feature will cause the Secure Data Mode station to watch
the IP/ARP packets that occur on the network. Normally, no action is
taken in response to an IP/ARP packet that is not destined for a host that
is being Proxy ARPed by the Secure Data Mode station. When this
function is selected, the Secure Data Mode station will add the IP address
to its IP/ARP table when it sees an ARP packet from another source.
This feature is helpful on an ARP network because it will build a
database of MAC layer address to IP address pairs.
Note: The IP/ARP table is never timed out in this mode.
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Storm Threshold Setup
The Storm Thresholds screen is used to set threshold values for broadcast
and multicast messages.
In most situations, you will not need to set the Storm Thresholds.
However, if intensive multicast or broadcast messaging is typical of the
network protocols used in your network environment, you may wish to
control the maximum number of broadcast and multicast messages. If the
maximum value of broadcast or multicasts per second is exceeded, the
Secure Data Mode Station will ignore all subsequent messages issued by
the particular network device, or ignore all messages of that type coming
on that particular interface.
You can use the Storm Threshold screen to:
ƒ
ƒ
Specify a maximum value as received from a single network device
(identified by its MAC address).
Specify an absolute maximum of messages per second per Interface.
You can specify a set of thresholds for each Interface of the Secure Data
Mode Station access point, identifying separate values for the number of
Broadcast messages/second and Multicast messages/second.
Figure 4-53
Broadcast Storm Setup window
Broadcast Address Threshold
Enter the maximum number of broadcast messages per second that will
be received from a single network device (identified by its MAC
address).
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Multicast Address Threshold-- Enter the maximum number of
multicast messages per second that will be received from a single
network device (identified by its MAC address).
Broadcast Interface 1 Threshold-- Enter the maximum number of
broadcast messages per second that will be received on Interface 1
(typically Ethernet).
Multicast Interface 1 Threshold-- Enter the maximum number of
multicast messages per second that will be received on Interface 1
(typically Ethernet).
Broadcast Interface 2 Threshold-- Enter the maximum number of
broadcast messages per second that will be received on Interface 2
(typically 802.11).
Multicast Interface 2 Threshold-- Enter the maximum number of
multicast messages per second that will be received on Interface 2
(typically 802.11).
Broadcast Interface 3 Threshold-- Enter the maximum number of
broadcast messages per second that will be received on Interface 3
(typically 802.11a).
Multicast Interface 3 Threshold-- Enter the maximum number of
multicast messages per second that will be received on Interface 3.
Preset Button-- Clicking the Preset button sets all broadcast and
multicast rates to their default values. The default values are as follows:
Table 4-7
Default Threshold values
Item
Address Threshold
Interface1 Threshold
Interface2 Threshold
Interface3 Threshold
Broadcast
30
60
60
60
Multicast
30
60
60
60
Spanning Tree Setup
The Spanning Tree Setup screen allows you to configure your bridges so
that they will dynamically discover a loop-free subset of the LAN
topology (a tree), that provides the most efficient level of connectivity
between every pair of physically connected Local Area Network
segments. See Spanning Tree for more information about how the
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spanning tree algorithm works. The default settings for the Spanning
Tree Algorithm will provide satisfactory performance for most Local
Area Network (LAN) topologies.
Enable Spanning Tree -- Select this checkbox if you wish to enable
Spanning Tree capabilities.
Figure 4-54
VLAN Spanning Tree Setup window
Bridge Priority -- The Bridge Priority parameter allows you to influence
the choice of the Root Bridge and Designated Bridge as calculated by the
Spanning Tree Algorithm.
Valid Values:
Default:
0 - 65000
32768
A low numerical value makes the bridge more likely to become the
designated bridge or root bridge (typically 0).
The recommended value is 32768.
You may assign a duplicate priority value to multiple bridges, provided
that it is a non-zero value. Bridges that have an identical Bridge Priority
level are typically not intended to function as the root bridge.
Max Age -- The Max Age parameter identifies the maximum age of
received Spanning Tree protocol information.
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When the bridge receives protocol information that exceeds the Max Age
value, the bridge will discard the information and start the Forward
Delay timer to allow other bridges to forward updated topology
information (for example, that another bridge has become the Root
Bridge).
Note: Recommended Value (20 seconds)
A low Max Age value occasionally may cause the Spanning Tree to
reconfigure unnecessarily, resulting in temporary loss of connectivity
throughout the network.
A high Max Age value will cause the LAN to take longer than necessary
to rebuild the Spanning Tree whenever a link or bridge unit breaks down
or becomes available again.
Hello Time -- The Spanning Tree Hello Time parameter identifies the
time interval between Configuration PBDU transmitted by a root bridge,
or a bridge that is attempting to become the root bridge.
Note: Recommended Value (2 seconds)
Shortening the Hello Time will make the protocol more robust,
especially when the probability of loss of configuration messages is high.
Lengthening the Hello Time will lower the overhead of the algorithm
since the interval between the transmissions of configuration messages
will be longer.
Forward -- The Forward Delay is a timer that prevents a bridge to
forward data packets when:
• The bridge receives information that the active Spanning Tree
topology must be updated (for example when a bridge breaks down
or when somebody modified the Bridge Priority or Path Cost value of
a particular bridge).
• The bridge registers that the protocol information exceeds the
specified Max Age value.
• Changes in the Spanning Tree topology must be communicated to all
bridges in the bridged network. The Forward Delay timer will
compensate for the propagation delays that occur in passing the
protocol information, allowing all bridges to close the old data paths,
before the new data paths are activated.
Note: Recommended Value (15 seconds)
A lower value may result in temporary loops as the Spanning Tree
Algorithm converges.
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A higher value may result in longer partitions after the Spanning Tree
reconfigures.
Port Priority-- Normally the Bridge Port priority in Spanning Tree
topologies is imposed by the Root Bridge and the applicable values of
the Path Cost to the Root Bridge.
When concurrent bridge ports of a single bridge unit are connected in a
loop, this parameter enables you to influence which port should be
included in the Spanning Tree.
Valid Values:
Default:
0 - 255
128
A lower value makes a port more likely to become selected in the
Spanning Tree than the concurrent one that has a higher numerical value.
A higher value makes a port less likely to be selected in the Spanning
Tree than a port with a lower numerical value.
Path Cost-- The Path Cost value is used to determine the preferred data
paths between bridges throughout the network and the root bridge.
The Root Bridge transmits BPDU messages throughout the Local Area
Network. When a bridge unit receives a BPDU message at one of its
ports, it will add the value in the Path Cost field for that port to the value
in the Root Path Cost Field of the BPDU message before forwarding the
message again. This will help the other bridges to determine the Total
Path Cost to the Root Bridge via this port.
Valid Values:
Default:
0 - 255
100
A lower Path Cost value would typically be used for ports to LAN
segments closer to the Root Bridge.
A higher Path Cost value would typically be used for ports to LAN
segments that are the "leafs" of the Spanning Tree.
For example, when using the Secure Data Mode Station as an access
point for wireless stations to the Ethernet, a high Path Cost for the
wireless interface will minimize unnecessary use of the bandwidth for
the wireless medium (recommended value 255).
When using Secure Data Mode Stations in a wireless point-to-point link
to interconnect two LAN segments, a low Path Cost for the wireless
interface will prioritize this link as compared to other physical links, such
as a leased line or low-bandwidth connections.
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Set Up IP for APU and CSU
The IP Setup screen allows you to set the Secure Data Mode Station's IP
Addressing information. The Secure Data Mode Station must have an IP
address assigned to it if you wish to connect to it using the Configuration
tool, which makes use of SNMP to connect to the Secure Data Mode
Station.
Note: This screen is only available when the Enable IP Routing, Enable
Outgoing Network Address Translation, and Enable Incoming Network
Address Translation checkboxes been de-selected on the General Setup
screen.
Figure 4-55
IP Setup window
You can choose to set up the base station to obtain an IP address from
DHCP server. If you select this option, you must also choose the
interface on which you would like the base station to send the request.
This option causes your base station to send a broadcast request for its IP
address, subnet mask, and default router over the given interface at base
station startup time. If you select the DHCP option, it is recommended
(though not required) that you set up your DHCP server to always
provide the same IP address to this Secure Data Mode Station system.
You can also manually specify an IP Address to set the IP Address for
the base station yourself:
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You can set the life expectancy for packets originating from this Secure
Data Mode Station using the Default TTL (Time to Live) field.
You can use syslog messages to log information such as logins, service
errors and general configuration information. Since there is no storage
on a base station, a general purpose computer is needed to log these
messages. To set the syslog host that will accept syslog messages, use
the Syslog Host Address and Syslog Host Facility fields.
Obtain an IP Address from DHCP Server-- Select this radio button if
you wish to obtain an IP address from the DHCP Server.
If you select this option, you must also choose the interface on which
you would like the base station to send the request. This option causes
your base station to send a broadcast request
For its IP address, subnet mask, and default router over the given
interface at base station startup time. If you select the DHCP option, it is
recommended (though not required) that you set up your DHCP server to
always provide the same IP address to this Secure Data Mode Station
system.
Using Interfaces-- Select the interface for which you wish to obtain an
IP address. A base station has several network interfaces to which it may
be connected. The network interfaces are numbered (1, 2, 3...), and the
interface numbers may be found by selecting Interface Setup from the
Setup Menu.
Specify an IP Address-- Select this radio button if you wish to enter an
IP address manually.
Our IP Address-- This is the address of the Secure Data Mode
Bridge/Router itself. If you wish to configure or monitor your Secure
Data Mode Bridge/Router, or if your network supports IP and you wish
to enable the Ping support and IP/SNMP support of the Secure Data
Mode Bridge/Router, set this to a valid IP address. After setting this
address to 0.0.0.0, enter the IP address of the base station.
Please note that unless you enable IP Routing on the IP Router Setup
screen, the Bridge/Router is not an IP router. It has only one IP address,
and that address applies to both the remote and local networks (i.e., both
sides of the Bridge). Having two Ethernet interfaces with the same IP
address is different than a standard IP host, but is appropriate for a
Transparent Bridge. The Ethernet address of both interfaces is also the
same.
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Note: This field is only enabled when the Specify an IP Address radio
button has been selected.
Our Subnet Mask-- Enter the subnet mask for the base station.
Note: This field is only enabled when the Specify an IP Address radio
button has been selected.
Default Router IP-- Enter the IP address of the router.
Note: This field is only enabled when the Specify an IP Address radio
button has been selected.
Select Button-- Clicking this button displays the IP Mask List screen,
which allows you to select a particular IP mask.
IP Mask List-- The IP Mask List window displays a list of common IP
subnet masks for a given size IP subnet.
Default TTL-- The Time To Live (TTL) counter avoids endless
forwarding of message frames with incorrect addressing by defining a
maximum number of hops a packet can take. Each time the frame is
forwarded by a router, the TTL counter decreases by one.
When the TTL = 0, the frame is rejected.
Syslog Host Address-- Syslog messages can be used to log information
such as logins, service errors and general configuration information.
Since there is no storage on a base station, a general purpose computer is
needed to log these messages.
The Syslog Host Address is the IP Address of the system which accepts
"syslog" system logging packets from the base station.
Syslog Host Facility
Syslog messages can be used to log information such as logins, service
errors and general configuration information. Since there is no storage
on a base station, a general purpose computer is needed to log these
messages.
The Syslog Host Facility describes the part of the system generating the
syslog message, and in UNIX-based systems usually uses one of the
following keywords: auth, authpriv, cron, daemon, kern, lpr, mail, mark,
news, syslog, user, uucp, and local0 through local7.
The base station is capable of sending messages using the local0-local7
facilities. Enter the correct syslog facility number (0-7) that corresponds
to the local facility type on your syslog host.
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Set Up SNMP
The SNMP Setup screen allows you to manage a network environment
that includes multiple base stations where you can use the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
SNMP setup allows you to create multiple authorization levels for
network management that are password protected.
Figure 4-56
SNMP Setup window
Read Password-- This password enables you to create a network
management level where a local LAN Administrator can view, but not
modify, the SNMP parameters.
Read/Write Password-- This password enables you to create a network
management level where only a Network Supervisor knowing the right
Read/Write password will be able to view or modify the SNMP
parameters.
Contact-- Optionally, enter the name or address of the Network
Administrator.
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System Name-- Optionally, enter the logical location of a base station
(for example, the network segment to which the base station has been
connected).
System Location-- The optional field to identify the physical location of
a base station. For example, the building or room where the base station
is located at
Trap Host IP Address-- The IP Address of the network management
station that collects the SNMP Trap messages.
The Trap Host is the station in an SNMP managed network where SNMP
trap messages are collected. Trap messages are sent to the trap host when
certain events occur, such as rebooting.
Trap Host Password-- The Trap Host is the station in a SNMP managed
network where SNMP trap messages are collected. Trap messages are
sent to the trap host when certain events occur, such as rebooting.
Enter a password that corresponds to the password set at the Trap Host to
filter unsolicited or unauthorized SNMP Trap messages at the Trap Host.
The Trap Host IP Password will be embedded in the SNMP Trap
messages sent by this base station. If the Trap Host receives a message
without or with an unknown password, the Trap message will be ignored.
SNMP IP Access List-- The SNMP IP Access List displays the IP
addresses and subnet masks of those stations that you have designated as
stations that will manage networks using SNMP.
In addition to the Read and Read/Write passwords, you can use the
SNMP Access List to prevent unauthorized users from modifying the
SNMP setup of your base stations.
The SNMP IP Access List enables you to authorize SNMP management
to a restricted group of SNMP Management stations identified by:
ƒ The unique IP address of the Management Station(s)
ƒ The interfaces via which the base station will be accessed.
Click the Add button to display the Input SNMP Access List to add new
IP addresses to the list.
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Input SNMP Access List Dialog - Overview
Clicking the Add button displays the SNMP Access List Dialog, which
allows you to enter the IP addresses and subnet masks of those stations
that you have designated as stations that will manage networks using
SNMP.
Figure 4-57
Input SNMP Setup window
IP Address-- The unique IP address of the SNMP management station
you wish to add or edit.
IP Mask-- Enter the Subnet mask, or clicks the Select button to display
the IP Mask List and select a mask from the list.
Note: A subnet mask value of 255.255.255.255 will authorize only the
station with the address specified in the IP address. A subnet mask value
of 255.255.255.0 will authorize all stations that have an IP address
within the range of that particular subnet (the IP address field will
display the value xxx.xxx.xxx.0).
Warning: The subnet mask value 0.0.0.0 will authorize any station to
view or modify SNMP IP setup of the base station via the interface
identified in the Interface field.
Interface-- The number of the interfaces over which packets on this
route is sent.
Select Button-- Clicking this button displays the IP Mask List screen,
which allows you to select a particular IP mask.
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Set Up IP Routing
The IP Router Setup screen is used to set up IP Routing. This enables the
base station to send IP packets to the appropriate subnet or router. Once
you have set up the basic IP Router configuration, you may also want to
set up the following optional components:
Note: This option is only available if the Enable IP Routing checkbox
on the General Setup screen has been selected.
Figure 4-58
IP Router Setup window
IP Route List
This pane displays the list of IP Routes that this Router has been
configured to use. To add additional direct or indirect routes, click on the
Add/Direct or Add/Indirect buttons.
Table 4-8
IP Route List
IP Route List
Mask
Target
Interface/Cost
This pane displays the list of IP Routes that this Router has been
configured to use. To add additional direct or indirect routes,
click on the Add/Direct or Add/Indirect buttons.
The Subnet Mask of the IP Address, which shows which
addresses should be routed using this route.
For a Direct Route, the word Direct appears in this field. For an
Indirect Route, this field shows the Default Router.
For direct routes, the interface to use when sending packets
using this route. For indirect routes, the cost metric of using this
route (used to determine the best route to use for a given packet).
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Default Router IP Address-- Enter the IP Address of the router that the
base station should use to communicate with networked devices outside
its current subnet.
Default Router Serial Interface-- The Secure Data Mode station has
several network interfaces to which it may be connected. An interface
number is required for the Secure Data Mode station to know which
interface to use to send packets addressed to a given destination. This
field displays the serial interface that the router will use by default.
Preferred IP Address-- From time to time, the Secure Data Mode
Bridge/Router will transmit unsolicited IP packets such as SNMP traps,
Syslog, RIP, or IP/ARP packets. Most routers randomly use one of the IP
addresses from one of the router interfaces as the source IP address for
these packets. However, in the Preferred IP Address field, you can
specify the source IP address that you prefer to use for these packets.
Default TTL-- The Time To Live (TTL) counter avoids endless
forwarding of message frames with incorrect addressing by defining a
maximum number of hops a packet can take. Each time the frame is
forwarded by a router, the TTL counter decreases by one. When the TTL
= 0, the frame is rejected.
Syslog Host Address-- Syslog messages can be used to log information
such as logins, service errors and general configuration information.
Since there is no storage on a base station, a general purpose computer is
needed to log these messages.
The Syslog Host Address is the IP Address of the system that accepts
"syslog" system logging packets from the base station.
Syslog Host Facility-- Syslog messages can be used to log information
such as logins, service errors and general configuration information.
Since there is no storage on a base station, a general purpose computer is
needed to log these messages.
The Syslog Host Facility describes the part of the system generating the
syslog message, and in UNIX-based systems usually uses one of the
following keywords: auth, authpriv, cron, daemon, kern, lpr, mail, mark,
news, syslog, user, uucp, and local0 through local7.
The base station is capable of sending messages using the local0-local7
facilities. Enter the correct syslog facility number (0-7) that corresponds
to the local facility type on your syslog host.
Disable ARP Cache Aging-- Select this checkbox to stop the Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP) table from removing entries after a certain
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period of time. The IP ARP table relates each (wired or wireless)
station's IP address to its physical MAC Address so the base station
knows how to address Ethernet messages bound for a particular IP
Address. If you disable (uncheck) ARP cache aging, the base station will
not remove entries from this table, and it may fill up over time. The base
station can hold up to 10,000 entries in the ARP table.
Enable Multicast Pruning-- Select this checkbox if you want to enable
multicast pruning.
IP multicast is a bandwidth-conserving technology that reduces traffic by
simultaneously delivering a single stream of information to potentially
thousands of corporate recipients and homes.
Without multicast pruning, multicast traffic is treated in the same manner
as broadcast traffic. That is, it is forwarded to all ports. However, with
multicast pruning, you choose to permit only the packets that are a part
of multicast group in your network. Multicast pruning generates no
additional network traffic, allowing you to significantly reduce multicast
traffic passing through your switch.
Add Direct IP Routes
Clicking the Add/Direct button displays the Add Direct IP Route screen,
which allows you to add new direct IP routes.
When the Secure Data Mode station has two or more IP subnets directly
attached to its different interfaces, it can route IP packets between those
subnets using a direct route. This screen is used to specify the direct
routes for each of the interfaces on the Secure Data Mode Bridge/Router.
A direct route consists of an IP address, which specifies the basic IP
address to route, a Subnet Mask which defines the basic class of IP
addresses that will be routed, and an interface number which specifies
where the IP subnet is attached. When IP packets addressed to a system
arrives at the Secure Data Mode station, the Secure Data Mode station
will send it directly to the target machine on the interface specified.
Figure 4-59
Direct IP Route Setup window
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IP Address-- The IP address specifies the basic IP address to route.
IP Mask-- The Subnet Mask which defines the basic class of IP
addresses that will be routed. Clicking the Select button displays the IP
Mask List, which the shows the IP Masks that can be used as public or
private IP masks for IP routing. The list consists of all possible subnet
masks, and represents the range of addresses that will be translated.
Interface-- An interface number specifies where the IP subnet is
attached.
Add Indirect IP Routes
The Add Indirect IP Route screen is used to add indirect IP routes.
When the base station needs to send IP packets between IP subnets
which are not directly connected to one of its interfaces (i.e., not on the
same network segment), it must have an indirect route for sending those
packets.
An indirect route consists of:
ƒ
ƒ
An IP Address which specifies the basic IP address to route,
A Subnet Mask which defines the class of IP addresses that will be
routed,
ƒ A Target Router that will relay the IP packet, and
ƒ A Cost value, which specifies the number of "hops" required for the
indirect route.
When an IP packet addressed to a system on the indirectly routed subnet
arrives at the base station, the base station will route it over the interface
specified to the Target Router to be further routed.
Figure 4-60
Indirect IP Route Setup window
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IP Address-- The IP Address which specifies the basic IP address to
route.
IP Mask-- Enter the IP subnet mask for the IP address to be routed, or
click the Select button and choose a subnet mask from the list. Clicking
the Select button displays the IP Mask List, which the shows the IP
Masks that can be used as public or private IP masks for IP routing. The
list consists of all possible subnet masks, and represents the range of
addresses that will be translated.
Target Router-- Enter the IP address of the router that you wish to use
as the target router.
A target router is the IP address of the router that knows how to handle
the IP packet that is being routed. When used in indirect routes, it could
specify the router that is attached directly to the subnet of the packet's
final destination, or a router that knows where to send it.
Cost-- The cost value reflects the number of "hops" required for the
connection. The default value of 1 indicates that only one "hop" is
required. The lower the cost value, the more likely that route will be
chosen.
Advanced IP Routing Setup
The More IP Router Setup screen is used to set up advanced IP router
interfaces.
Figure 4-61
Advanced IP Routing Setup window
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Send RIP-2 Default Route-- If the base station sends the Routing
Information Protocol (RIP) default route (0.0.0.0) to other routers and
hosts attached to a particular interface, select that interface's checkbox on
the Send RIP Default Route line. By default, the base station will not
send the Default Route on a particular interface unless this box is
checked.
In the example shown in the screenshot, the base station will send RIP
routes only on interfaces 1 and 2.
Send RIP-2 Routes -- If the base station should SEND Routing
Information Protocol (RIP) Routes for routes of which it has knowledge
to other routers on a particular interface, select that interface's checkbox
on the Send RIP Routes line. By default, the base station will not send
RIP Routes on a particular interface unless this box is checked.
For the given example, the base station will send RIP Routes only on
interface 1.
Listen to RIP-2-- If the base station should ACCEPT Routing
Information Protocol (RIP) routes from other routers on a particular
interface, select that interface's checkbox on the Listen to RIP line. By
default, the Secure Data Mode Station will not accept RIP Routes from
other routers, so you must select the interfaces if you wish to listen to
RIP. For the given example, the Secure Data Mode Station will listen to
RIP Routes on Interfaces 1 and 2, but will not accept RIP routes sent to it
on interface 3.
Enable Proxy ARP-- Enabling Proxy ARP for a particular interface tells
the base station that when it receives an ARP request for a particular
client connected by that interface, that the base station itself should
respond to the ARP Request, fulfilling the request with information that
is in its IP ARP Table.
For example, Proxy ARP is enabled on interface 2. The IP ARP Table
contains (among others) the following entry:
Table 4-9
IP ARP Table
Interface
Physical Address
00:60:1d:04:4d:88
IP Address
10.7.3.5
Media Type
dynamic
Since Proxy ARP is enabled for interface 2, when the base station
receives a broadcast ARP Request for 10.7.3.5, instead of passing the
ARP on to 10.7.3.5, the base station will answer the request with
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information its own IP ARP table, that is: IP Address 10.7.3.5 -> MAC
Address 00:60:1d:04:4d:88.
Proxy ARP is useful in many situations to reduce unnecessary network
traffic, but is especially useful when you have clients in power-save
mode, to prevent them from being 'woken up' whenever an ARP is done.
Enable BOOTP/DHCP Forwarding -- Select the interfaces for which
you would like the base station to forward BOOTP and DHCP requests
on to the BOOTP/DHCP server, which is specified in 'Forwarding Host’.
Forwarding BOOTP and DHCP requests is necessary when the
BOOTP/DHCP clients are not on the same IP subnet as the
BOOTP/DHCP server.
If you are using BOOTP/DHCP, forwarding should most likely be
DISABLED for the interface through which the BOOTP/DHCP server is
located, and ENABLED for the other interfaces.
In the displayed screen, the BOOTP/DHCP Server is located via
interface 1, so forwarding is enabled for interfaces 2 and 3, since clients
on interfaces 2 and 3 have no other way of accessing the BOOTP/DHCP
server.
Forwarding Host -- If you have enabled BOOTP/DHCP forwarding for
one or more interfaces, enter the IP address of the BOOTP/DHCP server
or relay agent to which you should forward BOOTP/DHCP requests.
In this example, the BOOTP/DHCP Forwarding host is 10.2.3.1.
Accept RIP-2 for the Following Routes-- In addition to the other
Advanced IP Router features which allow you to accept RIP routes from
particular interfaces, you can specify which RIP Routes you would like
to accept. You are also able to specify the interfaces from which you
would like to accept those particular RIP Routes.
The base station will accept RIP only for three particular routes. In the
More IP Router Setup screen, it was specified that the base station should
listen to RIP Routes on interfaces 1 and 2. This section further specifies
that the base station should listen to the following RIP Routes ONLY:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
10.17.42.0 (mask 255.255.255.0) only if it comes from interface 1
10.20.24.0 (mask 255.255.248.0) only if it comes from interface 2
10.220.23.0 (mask 255.255.255.0) on any interface
All other RIP routes will be ignored.
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DHCP Server Setup
The DHCP Server Setup screen is used to set up the base station's
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server feature. The
DHCP Server feature is a basic DHCP Server that can enable any and all
wireless (or other) clients that connect to the base station to obtain their
IP Address information from this Secure Data Mode.
Warning: If you have set up the base station to Obtain IP Address from
DHCP Server on the IP Host Setup screen, do not enter anything in the
Domain Name Info section of this screen. When the base station gets its
own IP Address by DHCP, it will automatically determine the correct
Domain Name information. You should, however, set up the IP Range
and Gateway/Router Info section and select the correct interface.
Note: This screen is only available when the Enable DHCP Server
checkbox has been selected on the General Setup screen.
Figure 4-62
DHCP Server Setup window
Offered IP Address-- Enter the beginning and ending IP addresses for
the IP address range that the Secure Data Mode Station should offer to
DHCP clients. When DHCP requests are received by the Secure Data
Mode Station, it will offer the IP Starting Address to the first client, and
increment the IP address offered to each consequent DHCP client until it
reaches the IP Ending Address. IP Address leases must be renewed by
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the DHCP client within the given Lease Time, or the IP Address will be
made available to another client.
Note: The Secure Data Mode Station does NOT store DHCP address
assignments between restarts. If the Secure Data Mode Station is
rebooted, it will ARP for each address in the provided address range,
recording which client is using which IP address.
Note: Be careful not to include the default router's IP address in the
Offered IP Address range.
Default Router Address-- Enter the default router IP address for the
Secure Data Mode Station's DHCP clients.
Note: The default router IP address must be outside of the range defined
by the Offered IP Starting Address and Offered IP Ending Address.
Default Router Mask-- Enter the subnet mask for the default router, or
click the Select button to display the IP Mask List, and select a subnet
mask from the list.
Lease Time in Minutes-- A DHCP lease is the amount of time that the
DHCP server grants permission to the DHCP client to use a particular IP
address. Enter the lease time (in minutes) for your DHCP server.
DNS Server IP Addresses-- Enter the IP address for the DNS server.
Warning: If you have set up the base station to Obtain IP Address from
DHCP Server on the IP Host Setup screen, do not enter any DNS server
IP addresses or a domain name. When the base station gets its own IP
Address by DHCP, it will automatically determine the correct Domain
Name information. You should, however, set up the IP Range (IP
starting and ending addresses) and Gateway/Router Info section and
select the correct interface.
Domain Name-- Enter the name of the domain.
Warning: If you have set up the base station to obtain IP Address from
DHCP Server on the IP Host Setup screen, do not enter any DNS server
IP addresses or a domain name. When the base station gets its own IP
Address by DHCP, it will automatically determine the correct Domain
Name information. You should, however, set up the IP Range (IP
starting and ending addresses) and Gateway/Router Info section and
select the correct interface.
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Enable DHCP Server on Interface-- Select the interface on which you
wish to enable the DHCP server.
Set Up Outgoing Network Address Translation (NAT)
Outgoing Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple
computers to share a single IP address to connect to an IP network,
including the Internet. This allows homes, small businesses, and Internet
Service Providers to have Internet service for all of their computers
without having to pay for additional IP addresses. The NAT feature
serves as a simple firewall for incoming connections, since only traffic
initiated by an interior computer is permitted through the NAT.
In the screen shown below, when the client 10.0.1.1 wants to send data to
the Internet, the access point will take the packet, replace the return
address of 10.0.1.1 with 140.254.5.147, and then send the packet to the
Internet. When a response comes from the Internet, the access point
sends it to the correct client in the local address space.
Note: This screen is only available when the Enable Outgoing NAT
checkbox has been selected on the General Setup screen.
Note: You do not need to turn on Outgoing NAT if you are using
Incoming NAT, and vice versa. Incoming NAT only needs to be
configured if servers in the local (private) address space need to connect
with clients in the global (public) address space.
Figure 4-63
Outgoing NAT Setup window
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Public IP Address-- The IP address/mask seen by the external network.
Note: The IP address and subnet mask must be the same as the one in the
IP Setup dialog under the Setup menu.
Public IP Mask-- The IP mask seen by the external network.
Note: The IP address and subnet mask must be the same as the one in the
IP Setup dialog under the Setup menu.
Select IP Mask Button-- Clicking this button displays the IP Mask List,
which the shows the IP Masks that can be used as public or private IP
masks for outgoing NAT. The list consists of all possible subnet masks,
and represents the range of addresses that will be translated.
Private IP Address-- The IP address that is seen by the local/internal
network.
Note: The IP will be combined with the subnet mask, and the range of
addresses that results will be translated. This range of IP set must match
the addresses of the clients that connect to the base station.
Private IP Mask-- The IP mask that is seen by the local/internal network.
Note: The IP will be combined with the subnet mask, and the range of
addresses that results will be translated. This range of IP set must match
the addresses of the clients that connect to the base station.
Inhibit Private NAT IP Address through this interface
This option allows you to select one or more interfaces in which NAT
will not be permitted. By default, no interfaces are selected. To select
more than one interface, hold down the  key and click the names
of the interfaces you wish to inhibit. Typically, you will inhibit the
public interfaces because you will generally have users behind the
private side (i.e., the private side is NATed to the public side).
Therefore, you must inhibit the interface used on the public side,
whichever it may be. For example, in the screen shown below, the
Ethernet 10.* network is NATed to the 140.* public wireless network.
Therefore, NAT must be inhibited on the public interface, in this case the
802.11 interface. To do this, you would select 802.11 from the list, and
click the OK button.
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Set Up Incoming Network Address Translation (NAT)
Incoming Network Address Translations (NAT) is used to redirect
requests to servers in the local address space based on the port of the
request. If, for example, the client at local address 10.0.1.2 is serving
web pages, and a request comes to the access point on that port for a web
session, then the request will be forwarded to the web server on 10.0.1.2.
The server will respond with the web page to the address of the original
request.
Note: This screen is only available when the Enable Incoming NAT
checkbox has been selected on the General Setup screen.
Note: Incoming NAT only needs to be configured if servers in the local
(private) address space need to connect with clients in the global (public)
address space. You do not need to turn on Incoming NAT if you are
using Outgoing NAT, and vice versa.
To set up incoming NAT:
1. From the Setup tab, select General Setup. The General Setup screen
is displayed.
2. Make sure that the Enable IP Routing checkbox is unchecked.
3. Select the Enable Incoming Network Address Translation checkbox,
and then click OK to close the General Setup screen.
4. Click the Incoming NAT button on the Setup tab. The Incoming
Network Address Translation Setup screen is displayed, and any
public and private IP address/port pairs that you have previously
defined are displayed in the window.
Figure 4-64
Incoming NAT Setup window
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IP Addresses/Ports-- This window displays the public and private IP
address/port pairs that you have previously defined.
Public IP Mask-- The public subnet mask for your local (internal)
servers in the dialog. The public IP mask is paired with the Public IP
address on the Input IP Address screen, as shown in the screens below.
Note: The public IP Mask must be the same subnet mask that was used
in the setup of the external (or global) address of the base station.
Private IP Address-- The private IP address for your local (internal)
servers in the dialog.
Note: The Private IP Address must be the same as the address and subnet
mask that was selected for your internal network.
Private IP Mask-- The private subnet mask for your local (internal)
servers in the dialog.
Note: The private IP Mask must be the same as the subnet mask that was
selected for your internal network.
Add IP Address/Port Pairs-- Clicking the Add button displays the Add
IP Address/Port Pair screen is used to add new pairs of incoming ports,
and the IP address to which they should be directed.
Figure 4-65
Input IP address/Port (NAT) Setup window
Public IP Address-- The public IP address for the service you wish to
use. On the incoming NAT, there can only be one public address. You
can map ports to specific local servers, but you must use the same public
IP address, as configured on the incoming NAT screen.
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Note: The Public IP address is paired with the Public IP mask on the
Incoming Network Address Setup screen, as shown in the screenshots
below.
Public Port-- The public port for the service you wish to use. For a
discussion of the ports on which well known services run, see
http://www.tatanka.com/doc/technote/tn0081.htm.
Note: The public IP address must be the same for different local servers,
but the port will be different (e.g. different ports for SMTP, FTP, web
servers, etc.).
Private Server IP Address-- The local (private) IP address of the server
to which the request should be forwarded.
Private Server Port-- The local (private) port on the server to which the
request should be forwarded.
Set up IP/UDP/TCP Filters-- Select the Firewall option from the Setup
Tab to set up the IP TCP/UDP firewall (filtering) features.
IP Firewalls are used to restrict access between (sub) networks to certain
IP hosts, types of IP packets, or connections to certain ports. You can set
up the firewall to completely block all external IP traffic, or restrict
access to certain machines, ports, or packet types.
Note: You must select the Enable IP/TCP/UDP Security Filters
checkbox on the General Setup screen in order to access this screen.
Remote IP Address and Mask-- This column of the TCP/UDP Filter
List displays the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the (un-trusted) remote
sub network or machine for which you have chosen to set up this IP
UDP/TCP filter.
Local IP Address and Mask-- This column of the TCP/UDP Filter List
displays the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the local sub network or
machine that is being protected by this particular firewall filter.
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Figure 4-66
Firewall Setup window
Add/Edit IP Address Mask Pair
The Add/Edit IP Address Mask Pair screen is used to enter both the IP
Address and Subnet Mask of both the local network (or machine) you
would like to protect and the remote network (or host) you would like to
protect it from.
A particular filter is applied only to traffic between the specific local and
remote networks (or hosts) shown in the list. If you wish to filter all
traffic, set the Remote IP Address and Subnet Mask both to '0.0.0.0'.
Figure 4-67
Input IP address (Firewall) Setup window
TCP Security Filters
To set the TCP ports to which a given filter will be applied, select the
filter you want to modify in the TCP/UDP Filter List and click the TCP
Ports button.
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Figure 4-68
TCP Security Filter Setup window
TCP Port Options
Clicking the Port Options button on the TCP Security Filter screen
displays the TCP Port Options screen. To set how the firewall filter is
applied for a given port, select the port (or the line labeled 'All other
ports') from the Selected TCP Ports list, and click on the 'Port Options'
button. This will display the window below, which you can click on for
more information. If you select the line 'All Other Ports' and then click
the 'Port Options' button, you will see a screen similar to the one
described in the UDP Port Options screen.
Figure 4-69
TCP Port Options Setup window
UDP Port Filters
To set the UDP ports to which a given filter will be applied, select the
filter you want to modify in the TCP/UDP Filter List and click the 'UDP
Ports' button.
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Figure 4-70
UDP Port Options Setup window
UDP Port Options
Clicking the Portion Options button on the UDP Security Filters screen
displays the UDP Port Options screen. To set how the firewall filter is
applied for a given port, select the port (or the line labeled 'All other
ports') from the Selected UDP Ports list, and click on the 'Port Options'
button. The window displayed below is for the 'All Other Ports' line,
which sets the filter settings for all ports not explicitly listed in the
Selected UDP Ports list. See TCP Port Options for an example using a
specific port.
Figure 4-71
UDP Port Options Setup window
Firewall Setup Options
The Firewall Setup Options screen allows you to set handling options for
a particular filter. Select the filter from the list on the Firewall Setup
screen, and then click the Options button to display the following options.
Alternately, you can simply double click the filter in the list to display
the Firewall Setup Options screen.
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Figure 4-72
Firewall Option Setup window
Enable Data Encryption-- Select this option if you wish to enable the
data in packets sent between the IP hosts or subnets specified in this filter
to be encrypted/decrypted by the Secure Data Mode Station. This option
is not available if Data Encryption is not enabled on the General Setup
screen.
Permit Non UDP/TCP Packets-- Select this option if you would like
the Secure Data Mode Station to allow IP packets that are neither TCP
nor UDP, such as ICMP. The firewall does not have specific filters for IP
protocols other than TCP, UDP, and ICMP. If you want to deny other
relatively rare protocols, do not select this checkbox.
Permit IP Source Routed Packets-- Select this option if you want the
Secure Data Mode Station to allow Source-Routed IP packets to the local
hosts protected by this filter. Source-Routed packets contain routing
information inside the packet headers, instead of allowing network
routers to decide the best route for the packet. They are primarily used in
network troubleshooting, but may be used to 'fool' the firewall that the
packets are coming from a trusted host. We strongly recommend that you
do not permit source routed packets.
Permit Fragments-- Select this option if you would like the Secure Data
Mode Station to permit fragmented IP packets to be passed through the
firewall. IP packets may be incorrectly fragmented, creating security
problems for hosts that may not properly handle incorrectly fragmented
IP packets.
Respond with Unreachable Messages-- Select this option if you want
the Secure Data Mode Station to respond to remote hosts attempting to
connect to local machines with Destination Unreachable messages when
the connection is denied by this security filter.
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Log Non UDP/TCP & Source Routed & Fragment Packets-- Select
this option if you want to log to the syslog for all packets that are not
UDP/TCP, are source-routed, or are fragmented.
Trap Non UDP/TCP & Source Routed & Fragment Packets-- Select
this option if you want the Secure Data Mode Station to SNMP Trap
messages whenever a non-TCP or non-UDP, Source Routed, or
Fragmented IP packet is received by the Secure Data Mode Station.
SNMP Traps are sent to the SNMP Trap Host specified in SNMP Setup.
Record Non UDP/TCP & Source Routed & Fragment Packets-Select this option if you want the Secure Data Mode Station to record all
packets that are not UDP/TCP, are source-routed, or are fragmented.
IP Protocol Filters
Clicking the IP Protocols button displays the IP Protocol Filters screen,
which allows you to set the IP protocols to which a given filter will be
applied. Select the filter you want to modify on the Firewall Setup
screen, and click the IP Protocols button.
Less Frequently Used IP Protocols-- This list displays some of the less
commonly used protocols that run over IP If you wish to filter one of
these protocols, select it and click the [ -> ] button. Then set the action
to take using the Protocol Options button.
Selected IP Protocols-- Select one of the protocols added to the list and
then click the Protocol Options button to set the action for this protocol.
Select “All Protocols" or "All Other Protocols" to set a default action
when a packet is received from a protocol for which no action has been
defined.
Figure 4-73
IP Protocol Filter Setup window
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Custom IP Protocol-- If you wish to explicitly allow or deny access to a
given IP protocol not listed in the two panels above, you can add that
protocol to the list by simply typing it in the Custom IP Protocol field
and clicking on the right arrow button [->] next to the text field. You do
not need to add a protocol to the list unless you have specific
requirements for that particular protocol.
IP Protocol Options
Clicking the Protocol Options button displays the IP Protocol Options
screen, which allows you to define an action to take when data using that
protocol is sent or received. When you select a protocol to filter, you
will need to define an action to take when data using that protocol is sent
or received. Initially, you will need to indicate whether you wish to
permit or deny that protocol. In addition, you can optionally choose to
log, trap, or record all packets, and to dynamically deny all other
protocols.
Figure 4-74
IP Protocol Option Setup window
Permit All Other Protocols Button-- Select this button if you wish to
permit all other protocols.
Deny All Other Protocols Button-- Select this button if you wish to
deny all other protocols.
Log All Packets-- Select this checkbox if you wish to log all packets.
Trap All Packets-- Select this checkbox if you wish to trap all packets.
Record All Packets-- Select this checkbox if you wish to record all
packets.
Dynamically Deny All Other Protocols-- Select this checkbox if you
wish to dynamically deny all other protocols.
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Outgoing ICMP Filters
Clicking on the Outgoing ICMP button on the Firewall Setup screen
displays the Outgoing ICMP Filters screen, which allows you to permit
or deny ICMP packets from going out from the local to remote interfaces.
This allows you to deny diagnostic messages requested by internal
(private) sources in this filter from being sent to external (un-trusted)
machines.
Figure 4-75
Outgoing ICMP Filter Setup window
Permit Outgoing Echo Request and Incoming Reply-- Permit Echo
(ping) Requests sent from local stations to remote stations, and the
remote stations' replies.
Permit Outgoing Time Request and Incoming Reply-- Permit local
stations' Time Requests sent to remote stations and the replies from
remote machines.
Permit Outgoing Info Request and Incoming Reply-- Permit local
stations' Information Request packets sent to remote stations, and the
remote stations' replies.
Permit Outgoing Mask Request and Incoming Reply-- Permit local
stations' Mask Request packets sent to remote stations, and the remote
stations' replies.
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Permit Outgoing Destination Unreachable-- Permit Destination
Unreachable packets generated on the (private) local network to be sent
to external machines
Permit Outgoing Source Quench-- Permit Source Quench messages
generated by gateways on the local network to be sent to remote
machines sending packets to that gateway.
Permit Outgoing Redirect-- Permit Redirect messages generated by
gateways on the local network to be sent to remote machines sending
packets to that gateway.
Permit Outgoing Time Exceeded-- Permit Time Exceeded messages
generated by gateways on the local network to be sent to remote
machines sending packets to that gateway.
Permit Outgoing Parameter Problem-- Permit the local network to
send Parameter Problem messages to the remote network when there was
a problem with the header parameters of a packet.
Permit Other Outgoing ICMP Packets-- Permit other ICMP packets
not listed above to be sent from the local network to the remote network.
Permit All Button-- Clicking this button selects all checkboxes on the
Outgoing ICMP Filters screen.
Deny All Button-- Clicking this button de-selects (un-checks) all
checkboxes on the Outgoing ICMP Filters screen.
Permit Conservative Button-- Clicking this button automatically
selects all checkboxes on the Outgoing ICMP Filters screen except for
the Permit Other Outgoing ICMP Packets checkbox.
Incoming ICMP Filters
Clicking on the Incoming ICMP button on the Firewall Setup screen
displays the Incoming ICMP Filter screen, which allows you to permit or
deny ICMP packets from coming in from 'remote' to 'local' interfaces.
This allows you to deny diagnostic messages requested from external
(untrusted) sources in this filter from being sent to your local (private)
machines.
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Figure 4-76
Incoming ICMP Filter Setup window
Permit Incoming Echo Request and Outgoing Reply-- Permit Echo
Requests sent from remote (un-trusted) computers to be sent to machines
on the local (private) network, and allow the local machine to reply to
them.
Permit Incoming Time Request and Outgoing Reply-- Permit
Timestamp Requests sent from remote (un-trusted) computers to be sent
to machines on the local (private) network, and allow the local machine
to reply to them.
Permit Incoming Info Request and Outgoing Reply-- Permit
Information Request packets sent from remote (un-trusted) computers to
be sent to machines on the local (private) network, and allow the local
machine to reply to them.
Permit Incoming Mask Request and Outgoing Reply-- Permit Mask
Request packets sent from remote (un-trusted) computers to be sent to
machines on the local (private) network, and allow the local machine to
reply to them.
Permit Incoming Destination Unreachable-- Permit Destination
Unreachable messages generated by remote computers to be sent to
machines on the local network.
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Permit Incoming Source Quench-- Permit Source Quench packets
generated by gateways on the remote network to be sent to gateways on
the local network.
Permit Incoming Redirect-- Permit ICMP Redirect packets generated
by gateways on the remote network to be sent to machines on the local
network.
Permit Incoming Time Exceeded-- Permit Time Exceeded messages
generated by machines on the remote network to be sent to machines on
the local network.
Permit Incoming Parameter Problem-- Permit Parameter Problem
messages generated by machines on the remote network to be sent to
machines on the local network.
Permit Other Incoming ICMP Packets-- Permit other ICMP packets
not listed above to be sent from the (un-trusted) remote network to the
(private) local network.
Permit All Button-- Clicking this button automatically selects all
checkboxes on the Incoming ICMP Filters screen.
Deny All Button-- Clicking this button automatically de-selects (unchecks) all checkboxes on the Incoming ICMP Filters screen.
Permit Conservative Button-- Clicking this button automatically
selects the following checkboxes on the Incoming ICMP Filters screen:
ƒ
ƒ
Permit Incoming Echo Request and Outgoing Reply
Permit Incoming Destination Unreachable
All other checkboxes are automatically de-selected (unchecked).
Add Authentication Record
The Add Authentication Record screen is used to add an SNMP-based
username/password firewall authentication bypass class. The
Authentication class works much like a UNIX user group does; you can
specify what types of packets a person in this authentication class can
pass through the firewall when logged in with the approved username
and password.
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Figure 4-77
SNMP Authentication Record Setup window
Authentication Class Number-- Enter a number for an SNMP-based
username/password firewall authentication bypass class. The
Authentication class works much like a UNIX user group does; you can
specify what types of packets a person in this authentication class can
pass through the firewall when logged in with the approved username
and password.
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Administration
The WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU has the following
management and operational features listed below:
Saving Configuration
Loading new Configuration
Uploading Software
Rebooting the remote station
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Saving configuration
Saving the current configuration settings to the hardware device is a onestep process:
Use this File Menu option to save the base station configuration
parameters to the location from which they were read. If the
configuration was read from a base station, it will be saved to the CSU
from which it was read. If the configuration was read from a file, the
modified configuration will be saved back to that file.
To import a saved configuration to an CSU, first connect to the base
station using Open Remote Config, then use Import Config File.
1. From the File Menu, select Save Config.
Figure 5-1
Save Config Menu
2. Click on the ‘Yes’ button
Figure 5-2
Confirm Save Config Window
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3. The message box will be displayed, as shown below, and then left click on
the OK button.
Figure 5-3
Reboot Message Dialog Box
4. Just after this saving, APU or CSU will be restarting automatically.
Loading new configuration
The 'import config file' option enables you to 'copy' the parameter values
that you entered to configure the first Secure Data Mode Station to the other
units. The “import config file” option enables you to 'copy' the parameter
values that you entered to configure the first Secure Data Mode Station to
the other units.
1. From the File menu, select Open/Config Bin File.
Figure 5-4
Open Config/Bin File Menu
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2. And the browse window will appear.
Figure 5-5
Open Config File Window
3. Select the configuration file in the specific folder, and Click ‘Open’
button,
4. Then, bridge/brouter Configuration Program” screen will appear.
Figure 5-6
Confirm Open Config File Dialog Box
5. Left click on the OK button.
Uploading Software
There are ten steps that must be done to import the .bin file and its
corresponding license file. Be sure you have downloaded and know the
location of your files before you start.
1. From the File menu, select Upload Software, and the browse window
will appear.
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Figure 5-7
Upload Software Menu
2. Browse to the location of your .bin file, and select it.
Figure 5-8
Open binary Window
3. Click on the ‘Open’ button, and the "License Key Setup" screen will
appear:
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Figure 5-9
License Key Setup Window
4. Click on the "Import License Key" button, and an "Open" dialog box
will appear:
Figure 5-10
Open License Key Window
5. Select the license file that corresponds to the Ethernet MAC of the unit
you are working with. (If you have "Licenses for this MAC address"
selected in the file type drop box, only the licenses for the MAC of the
current unit will appear.)
6. Click on the ‘Open’ button
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Figure 5-11
License key setup window
7. Click on the ‘OK’ button
Figure 5-12
Setup window
8. You can see an initial setup windows and then, From the File menu,
select upload software as below.
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Figure 5-13
Selecting Upload Software
Figure 5-14
Enter IP address dialog
9. Enter the IP address of the unit to upload new software binary and Click
on the ‘OK’ button.
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Figure 5-15
Uploading Confirmation Dialog 1
10. Click on the ‘OK’ button
Figure 5-16
Uploading Confirmation Dialog 2
11. Click on the ‘OK’ button
Figure 5-17
Uploading Binary Information Dialog Box
12. Click on the ‘OK’ button
13. “Saving ….Please be patient” screen will appear as below
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Figure 5-18
Saving software uploading window
14. Click on the ‘OK’ button
Figure 5-19
Reboot Message Dialog Box
15. Click on the ‘OK’ button
16. Software Uploading complete.
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Reboot a Remote Station(APU and CSU)
The Reboot Remote option of the file menu allows you to reboot remote
devices if stations get dropped from the network.
Please follow the rebooting procedure to reboot a station from a remote
location.
1. Select File/Open Remote Config.
2. Enter the IP address and read/write password for the target base station.
3. Once the configuration has been read from bridge, select File/Reboot
Remote.
4. The APU or CSU will restart and run startup diagnostics.
Note: After approximately 60 seconds, the unit will start bridging operation
using the configuration parameters as they were stored in the remote station
prior to the Reboot.
Note: If you would like to display the configuration file or monitor the
unit's performance after a Reboot, you may have to wait until the unit
completes the start-up diagnostics. Once the startup diagnostics are
complete, the unit can be accessed again.
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Troubleshooting
154
1. Why can CSU setup a radio connection to the APU?
Such situations are caused by various reasons as below:
- Mismatching between the radio setup parameter of APU and that of CSU
+ Radio Channel
+ Network ID (NWID)
+ WEP Encryption Key
- Radio Link Designing Problem(Link Distance, Antenna Direction and so
on)
2. How many CSU subscribers can connect to a single WLAN Cable Access
Point (APU Secure Data mode)?
Eight CSU subscribers can connect to a single WLAN Cable Access Point in
secure data mode.
3. How does the number of CSU Secure Data modes affect wireless
throughput?
As more CSU Secure Data modes are added, the APU Secure Data mode Base
Station mode is still able to effectively manage the throughput of the overall
wireless link. Just as on any shared medium, each station's throughput is
determined by the overall usage of the wireless link. The more stations
transmitting on the link at a time, the lower each individual station's throughput
goes. However, Secure Data mode performs in such a way that up to a point, the
more heavily loaded the network becomes, the higher the overall throughput
becomes.
For example, due to the intricacies of our Adaptive Dynamic Polling algorithms
and Secure Data mode 'fairness' principles, a single-user FTP session does not
use all of the possible wireless bandwidth. But when performing several
different transfers to and from different CSU Secure Data modes, the actual
overall bandwidth of the Secure Data mode network increases. In general, the
heavier a Secure Data mode network is loaded, the higher the total bandwidth
used becomes.
4. How do I check throughput?
Network throughput can be tested and analyzed using the Ping Fill test. This test
dynamically fills the network connection with ICMP Echo (ping) packets and
waits for the responses from the target station. Since each packet sent is echoed
back to the sender, this tests the overall wireless throughput in both directions.
Choosing the correct parameters is crucial to obtaining accurate Ping Fill test
results. The speed at which the target station responds to the ICMP Echo packets
is crucial to correctly assess the speed of the wireless link.
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The IP stacks in some PC operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows, often
do not respond quickly enough to the ICMP Echo packets to obtain an accurate
assessment of your network throughput. When running the Ping Fill test to a
Microsoft Windows system, your results may be slightly lower than normal
throughput.
5. How do I read the configuration from a device if I cannot see the unit in the
local scan window?
The only devices that will display in the Configurator local scan window are the
units in the same subnet as your management computer. For example your PC
has an IP address 64.22.33.13 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 and your
device has an IP address of 65.23.11.2 with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. The
device in question would not display in your local scan window.
Even though you may be able to ping the unit it may not be visible in the local
scan window. In the Configurator, select the file menu, and then open remote
config and then type in the IP and the password. It may be necessary to select
the "this device is in my local subnet" check box to actually read the
configuration from the unit. Attempt to read the configuration with it un-checked
first. If the configuration cannot be read try with this box checked.
6. I seem to have lost or forgotten the read/write password to manage my
product.
How can I get back in to manage the unit?
If the read/write password has been lost or forgotten, there is only one thing that
can be done about this in order to be able to manage the unit again. The unit
must be put into force reload mode and the firmware must be reloaded. All
configuration settings will be lost. Physical access to the unit is required in order
to accomplish this procedure.
7. I am performing a wireless link test from a CSU Secure Data mode and one
of my CSU Secure Data modes on the other side of my base station is
showing up, is this a problem?
It is a normal function to be able to see the other units in the wireless link test
this way. This shows you what devices are within range so that the radio can
"hear”. As long as the units are set as Secure Data mode CSU Secure Data
modes, there is no way they will actually be communicating with each other.
They are receiving radio signals from each other that they have to interpret and
dump. This is not an optimal solution and should be changed when it is practical
to do so by isolating antennas, changing polarity or reducing output power if
possible.
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8. Please provide the list of parameters for the different levels of signal
strengths i.e. No Connection, Poor, Acceptable, Good, and Excellent. How
do I determine what is good and bad?
What these values will mean, is somewhat specific to the environment being
worked under. For example, a Signal to Noise Ratio of 15 may be fine for one
area and 15 may not work very well in a high noise area. So here are some
general guidelines. Keep in mind all the information below is related to Secure
Data mode, for 802.11b mode replaces retransmit with dropped packets:
There are some further items to note:
Link planning should be done in your general geographic area and your links
should be set up with an extra margin that your company determines.
Links are best performed when possible with high gain antennas as opposed to
low gain amplified antennas
Noise is typically introduced by failing amplifiers and problems with connectors
and defective radios. Signal typically drops with bad cabling, connectors or
antenna misalignment, radio power issues Network ID and Channel values being
the same, may help stability in marginal links.
Marginal (sporadic links) typically occur in SNR ranges from 5-9, 10-15 usually
will keep association with retransmits or some packet loss. SNR from 16 and up
usually are acceptable for every day operation.
If SNR is over 25 and throughput is poor, overdriving or multi-path may be the
cause of the problems.
Secure Data Mode Station Entries - Provides information on octal packet,
retransmitted packets and failed packets. A value other than 0 under failed
packets typically points to a link issue. Keep in mind TC retransmits a packet 9
times, (with the initial packet 10 total).
This has occurred and the packet has been dropped when a failure occurs.
Retransmits should be 15% or less of total transmits, this may indicate signal,
noise or antenna alignment issues.
Remote Statistics - Check each Ethernet Interface, any errors or collisions may
be signs of link speed or greater network related issues.
Check each wireless interface. Specifically, compare the Frame Check Sequence
errors to the bytes in values. Typically FCS occurs on any wireless connection.
This should only be a concern if the value exceeds approximately 10% of the
bytes in value. This may be an indicator of signal/multi-path issues.
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9. Can I block unwanted MAC addresses from the Ethernet interface?
It is possible to set an Access Control List to set all of your allowable MAC's on
the Ethernet (everything else on the Ethernet will be denied) by reading the
configuration from the unit with the WLAN Cable AP Configurator. Go to the
Setup tab -- General Setup -- Select the Mac Authentication Access control radio
button and click OK. Then select the Setup tab -- Advanced Authentication -check the Access Control List and then click the Setup button. Add all your
allowable MAC's and select the Ethernet interface to apply the ACL.
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Appendix
A. Specification
A.1 General
A.2 Antenna
A.3 RF Filter Protector
B. Enclosure Dimension
C. Site Survey
160
Appendix A. Specification
General
Case: Aluminum alloy steel (Body), RADOME
Size: 180 (W) x 239 (L) x 81 (D) (mm)
7.08 (W) x 9.40 (L) x 3.19 (D) (inch)
Weight: 1.3 Kg / 2.8659 lbs
Elements: Access Point, POE Splitter, Built-in Antenna in CSU body,
RADOME
Ports: POE Ethernet Port(RJ-45/CAT5), 12V DC Jack
Temperature: -40 ~ 65 ºC (Operating)
Power supply(Option): 802.3af compliant POE Injector (45V DC, 315 mA)
Power Consumption : MAX 10W (Current < 0.4A)
Hardware
Radio Card
o Wireless LAN standard: IEEE 802.11a/b/g
o Operation Frequency: 2.4~2.4835GHz(ISM), 5.725 ~ 5.825GHz (U-NII)
o Channel: 11CH(802.11b/g), 4CH(802.11a/U-NII)
o Modulation: DSSS(DBPSK,DQPSK,CCK), OFDM(16QAM, QPSK,BPSK)
o Data rate: 1Mbps, 2Mbps, 5.5Mbps, 11Mbps, 6Mbps, 9Mbps, 12Mbps, 18Mbps,
24Mbps, 36Mbps, 48Mbps, 54Mbps
o Receive sensitivity: Min. -71dBm at 54Mbps / Min -88dBm at 11Mbps
POE Splitter
o IEEE 802.3af Compatible
o Input Signal : DC Power (48V DC, Max 315mA), Base-band Signal (Ethernet)
o Output : DC Power (3.3V DC), Base-band Signal(Ethernet)
POE Injector
o IEEE 802.3af Compatible
o Input Signal : AC Power (90~264V), Base-band Signal (Ethernet)
o Output : POE Signal (DC Power(48V), Base-band Signal (Ethernet))
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Software
Firmware : CSU Secure Data Mode (Subscriber Station)
Wireless Service Protocol : Secure Data Mode, Dynamic Polling
Standard RADIUS server support
Wired Equivalent Privacy encryption - 64, 128, AES
Firewall (ICMP/UDP/TCP/IP Protocol Filtering)
Layer 2 Protocol Filtering
BOOTP/DHCP (Server, Relay, Client), Static IP
NAT (Incoming/Outgoing)
Routing Protocol (RIP v2, Static)
Restriction of Broadcast Storm
SNMP v1, Software upgrade via TFTP
GUI Program : Windows Based
Throughput Analysis: Ping Fill
Radio Performance Testing Tool: Antenna Alignment
Remote Statistics Monitoring
SNMP Traps
MIB II
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ET-PR12 Built-in Panel Antenna (2.4GHz)
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ET-5PR12W Built-in Panel Antenna (5.8GHz)
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Appendix B. Enclosure Dimension
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Appendix C. Site Survey
Calculating the system parameters
Free Space
Microwave signal will be attenuated as it travels through space according
to the following equation
Gs = Ptx + Gtx + Grx – (RS)
Gs : System Gain
Ptx : Transmit power level in dBm
Gtx : Transmit antenna gain in dBi
FSL: Free space loss attenuation in dB
Grx : Receive antenna gain in dBi
RS : Receiver Sensitivity in dBm
Lt = FSL + Mp
Lt : Transmission Loss
FSL : Free Space Loss
FM : Fade Margin + Other Loss(Cable)
FSL : 92.4 + 20Log(F) + 20Log(R)
F: Frequency (MHz)
R: Range (Km)
The Radio Signal transmitted can reach the other end only when the
system gain is equal or larger than the Transmission Loss.
An installation engineer should determine the antenna gain to meet the
above condition with EIRP, the summation of the antenna gain and the
output power not exceeding FCC Radio Regulations.
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Figure A.5
Radio Link Analysis
Determining the Distance between both sites
Gs = Lt = Ptx + Gtx + Grx –(RS) = (92.4 + 20Log(F) + 20Log(R))+10
Gs = Constant = (36.6 + 20Log(F) + 20Log(R))+10
Calculating Distance (R) between both sites
Case Study
Transmitter: APU, Receiver: CSU
Ptx : 15dBm
Gtx : 7dBi (Omni-directional)
Grx : 18dBi
RS : - 83dBm
F : 2.4 GHz
R: 5 mile
FM: 12 dB (Conventional Setting Value)
Gs = Ptx + Gtx + Grx – (RS)
Gs(Flat Panel) = 15 + 15 + 18 - (-83) = 131
FSL : 36.6 + 20Log(F) + 20Log(R)
FSL = 36.6 + 20Log(2400) + 20Log(5) = 118.2 dB
Lt = FSL + FM
Lt = 118.2 + 12 = 130.2
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FRESNEL ZONE
For a link to truly be line-of-sight, no objects such as buildings, cars, etc.
or the ground may be within a certain height perpendicular to the line of
sight path called the first fresnel (pronounced fray-nell) zone.
This height of the fresnel zone H (in feet) is specified by the equation
below.
H = 43.3 x sqrt (D/ (4xF))
D: distance in miles between antennas
F: Frequency in GHz
Case Study
D: 10
F: 2.4
H = 43.3 x sqrt (10/ (4x2.4))
H = 44.19 feet
HF = 44.19 * 0.6 = 26.5 feet
If 60 percent of the FRESNEL ZONE is free from obstructions the link
will generally behave as LOS (Line of sight).
Figure A.6
FRESNEL ZONE
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Earth bulge
For long links the curvature of the earth will may block the line of sight
path unless the antennas at both ends of the link are positioned high
enough above the ground. This height must be added to the FRESNEL
ZONE height for each antenna.
HE = D^2/8
H = Earth bulge height in feet
D=distance between antennas in miles
Case Study
D: 10 mile
HE = D^2/8 = 10^2/8 = 12.5 feet
Figure A.7
Earth Bulge
Total height required at midpoint
HT = HF + HE
Figure A.8
Total height
WLAN Cable Access Point 6220 CSU NTPM99CA Rel 2.0 Issue 5 Dec 2005

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