MaxStream 24XSTREAM 24XSTREAM User Manual 1

MaxStream Inc. 24XSTREAM 1

users manual

Exceeding Your Wireless ExpectationsMaxStream, Inc.1215 S. 1680 W.Orem, UT 84058Phone: (801) 765-9885Fax: (801) 765-9895info@maxstream.nethttp://www.maxstream.net24XStream™Wireless OEM ModuleOperating Manual v2.8
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.82TABLE OF CONTENTSFCC Compliance Warning……………………………………………………… 4General DescriptionFeatures…………………………………………………………………………… 5Simple Product Integration……………………………………………………….. 5Block Diagram……………………………………………………………………. 6Diagram……………………………………………………………………………6J1 Pin Descriptions………………………………………………………………... 7J2 Pin Descriptions………………………………………………………………... 7Specifications………………………………………………………………………8Product ListingModule Part Numbers……………………………………………………………...92.4 GHz Modules…..…………………………………………………………….. 10Antennas………………………………………..……………………………….… 10Serial Port OperationSerial Pins………………………………………………………………………….11-13Modes of OperationIdle Mode………………………………………..………………………….…..… 14Transmit Mode…………………….………………………………………..…….. 14-15Receive Mode……………………………………………………………………...15-16Sleep Mode………………………………………………………………………...16-18Command Mode…………………………………………………………………...19-21AT Commands…………………………………………………………….19-20Binary Commands…………………………………………….…….…….20-2124XStream Command Table…..…………………………………………. 22-24Networking and AddressingVendor Identification Number (VID)…………..………………………………….25Networks………………………………….………………………………..………25Module Addresses………………………………………………………….. 26-27Electrical CharacteristicsDC Characteristics…………………………………………………………………28AC Characteristics…………………………………………………………………28-29Timing Diagrams…………………………………………………………………..29
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.83FCC Qualifications and Warranty……………………………………………………………………………………………...30Using the 24XStream Development Kit……………………………………………………………………………………………...31-32Glossary……………………………………………………………………………………………...33-35Index…………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 36
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8424XStream Frequency Hopping Data ModuleFCC NOTICELABELING REQUIREMENTS ANTENNA WARNING WARNING: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2)this device must accept any interference received, including interference that maycause undesired operation. WARNING: This device has been tested with Reverse Polarity SMA and MMCX connectors withthe antennas listed below. When integrated in the OEMs product, these fixedantennas require installation preventing end-users from replacing them with non-approved antennas. Any antenna not in the following table must be tested to complywith FCC Section 15.203 for unique antenna connectors and Section 15.247 foremissions. WARNING: The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) must ensure that FCC labelingrequirements are met. This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of theOEM enclosure specifying "Contains Transmitter Module, FCC ID: OUR-24XSTREAM" as well as the FCC Notice above.
24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.85APPROVED ANTENNA LIST & ANTENNA SPEARATION DISTANCESFOR COMPLAINCE WITH FCC EXPSOSURE REQUIREMENTSSManufacturer Part Number Type Gain(dBi) Application*AntennaSeparationDistance forFCC RXExposureComplianceMaxStream A24-Y6 Yagi 6F2 metersMaxStream A24-Y8 Yagi 8.8 F2 metersMaxStream A24-Y9 Yagi 9F2 metersMaxStream A24-Y10 Yagi 10 F2 metersMaxStream A24-Y11 Yagi 11 F2 metersMaxStream A24-Y12 Yagi 12 F2 metersMaxStream A24-Y12 Yagi 12.5 F2 metersMaxStream A24-Y13 Yagi 13.5 F2 metersMaxStream A24-Y15 Yagi 15 F2 metersMaxStream A24-F2 Omni Directional 2.1 M/F 20 centimetersMaxStream A24-F3 Omni Directional 3M/F 20 centimetersMaxStream A24-F5 Omni Directional 5M/F 20 centimetersMaxStream A24-F7 Omni Directional 7.2 F2 metersMaxStream A24-F8 Omni Directional 8F2 metersMaxStream A24-F9 Omni Directional 9.5 F2 metersMaxStream A24-F10 Omni Directional 10 F2 metersMaxStream A24-F12 Omni Directional 12 F2 metersMaxStream A24-F15 Omni Directional 15 F2 metersMaxStream A24-P8 Panel 8.5 F2 metersMaxStream A24-P13 Panel 13 F2 metersMaxStream A24-P14 Panel 14 F2 metersMaxStream A24-P15 Panel 15 F2 metersMaxStream A24-P16 Panel 16 F2 metersMaxStream A24-P19 Panel 19 F2 metersMaxStream A24-HABMM-P6I Dipole 2.1 M/F 20 centimetersMaxStream A24-HBMM-P6I Dipole 2.1 M/F 20 centimetersMaxStream A24-HABSM Dipole 2.1 M/F 20 centimetersMaxStream A24-QABMM-P6I Monopole 1.9 M/F 20 centimetersMaxStream A24-QBMM-P6I Monopole 1.9 M/F 20 centimetersMaxStream A24-QI Monopole 1.9 M/F 20 centimeters*M=Mobile, F=Fixed/Base-StationRF EXPOSURE WARNING: This equipment is approved only for mobile and base station transmittingdevices, separation distances of (i) 20 centimeters or more for antennas with gains < 6dBi or (ii) 2 meters or more for antennas with gains > 6 dBi should be maintainedbetween the antenna of this device and persons during operation. To ensurecompliance, operation at distances closer than this is not recommended.The preceding statement must be included as a CAUTION statement inmanuals for OEM products to alert users on FCC RF Exposure compliance.
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.86General DescriptionThe 24XStream-192/96 modules are 100-milliwatt frequency hopping wireless modules thatallow wireless communication between equipment using a standard asynchronous serial datastream. The module is half-duplex and can sustain a continuous data stream at the specified datarate. Boasting excellent sensitivity and range, the 24XStream module is perfect for applicationssuch as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), remote meter reading, homeautomation, security, instrument monitoring, point of sale systems (POS), and countless otherapplications. The 24XStream operates within the 2.4 GHz Band under Part 15 of the FCC Rulesand Regulations and is FCC approved. A regulated 5-volt supply is required for operation.Features• Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) technology• Noise and interference resistance• Excellent sensitivity and range• Several low power modes down to 1 microamp• Standard serial digital interface• Networking and addressing• Simple AT command interfaceSimple Product Integration• Easy to integrate; no knowledge of RF required• Interfaces to any microcontroller’s UART or PC Serial Port (using the MaxStreaminterface board)• Small size• Exceptional data transfer performance• FCC approved, no further licensing or approval necessary
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.87Block DiagramFigure 1 – Block diagram demonstrating basic module operation and data flow for both transmit andreceive.DiagramThe 24XStream data module connectsto a host device using an 11 pin headerand a 4 pin header (0.1” spaced).[TOP VIEW]Figure 2 – Top view diagram of the 24XStreammodule with pin layout and dimensions.2.8250
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.88J1 Pin DescriptionsPin No. Pin Name I/O Type Description Active1_____CTS O PU Clear to Send flow control low2SLEEP(PWRDN) I PU Can be used to enter Sleep Mode(See “Modes of Operation” section for details.) high3DO(Data Out) O PU Data leaving the module that is sent to thehost high4DI(Data In) I Data entering the 24XStream module to betransmitted over the air high5RTS/CMD I PD Command mode enable(See “Binary Command Mode” section for details.) high6________RESET I PU Reset module low7RXLED OIndicates good RF data reception highPWR - Indicates module powered on high8___TX/PWR O___TX - Asserted during transmission  low9_______CONFIG I PU*Hold low during power up or reset - forcesASCII command mode. DO NOT TIE TOMICROPROCESSOR!(See “Serial Port Operation” section for details.)low10 VCC I +5 VDC -11 GND -Signal ground -PU – 10kÙ Pull-Up ResistorPD – 10kÙ Pull-Down Resistor _________J2 Pin DescriptionsPin Signal1GND2GND3GND4GND
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.89SpecificationsX24-009 X24-019GeneralFrequency Range 2.40 to 2.4835 GHz, unlicensed ISM BandType Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum TransceiverFrequency Control Direct FMTransport Protocol Various Monitoring and Addressing Modes – see “Networking andAddressing” sectionChannel Capacity Hops through 25 channels. Features 7 different hop sequences.Serial Data Interface Asynchronous CMOS (TTL) signals, 5V levelsSerial Interface Baud Rate Configurable from 2400-57600bps*1200 bps availableConfigurable from 2400-57600bpsData Throughput 9600 bps 19200 bpsPerformanceChannel Data Rate 10k 20kTransmit Power Output 63 mW 63 mWRx Sensitivity -105 dBm –102 dBmRange* Indoor: 150’ to 375’Outdoor: 1.4mi. with dipole, over12 mi. with high gain antennaIndoor: 106’ to 265’Outdoor: 1 mi. with dipole, over8.5 miles with high gain antennaPower RequirementsSupply Voltage 5 VDC +/-0.25VCurrent Consumption Tx – 240 mA nominal, Rx – 70 mA nominalPower Down mode –1 microampOther cyclic power-down modes available – see “Low Power Modes” sectionPhysical PropertiesBoard Size 1.6” x 2.85” x .35” (4.06 x 6.86 x .89) cmWeight 0.8oz (24g)Connectors 11 pin and 4 pin 0.1” spaced male Berg type headersOperating Temperature Standard: 0ºC to 70ºCIndustrial version: -40ºC to 85ºC availableAntennasAntenna Connector MMCX Female or Reverse Polarity SMA MaleApproved Antennas Integral wire antenna (factory installed)1/4 wave flexible monopole1/2 wave flexible dipole, SMA
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.810Product Listing MMCX – Wire Antenna SMA – No AntennaX24-009NM, X24-019NM X24-009WM, X24-019WM X24-009NS, X24-019NS ¼ Wave Antenna MMCX ½ Wave Antenna MMCX ½ Wave Antenna SMAA09-QBMM-3-P6I A09-HBMM-7-P6I A09-HASM-675Module Part Numbers• ‚ ƒ „ …•• Operating FrequencyX09 – 900 MHzX24 – 2.4 GHz‚‚ Over-Air Baud Rate009 – 9600-baud019 – 19200-baudƒƒ Wire AntennaW – Wire AntennaN – No Wire Antenna„„ ConnectorM – MMCX ConnectorS – SMA Connector…… Temperature RatingC – Commercial. Certified foroperation from 0º to 70º C.I – Industrial. Conformal coated.Certified for -40º to 85º C.T – 100% Tested. Conformalcoated. 100% tested -40º to 85º C.
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8102.4 GHz ModulesProduct Code DescriptionX24-009NM 9600-baud, no wire mount antenna, MMCX connectorX24-009WM 9600-baud, wire mount antenna, MMCX connectorX24-009NS 9600-baud, no wire mount antenna, SMA connectorX24-009WS 9600-baud, wire mount antenna, SMA connectorX24-019NM 19200-baud, no wire mount antenna, MMCX connectorX24-019WM 19200-baud, wire mount antenna, MMCX connectorX24-019NS 19200-baud, no wire mount antenna, SMA connectorX24-019WS 19200-baud, wire mount antenna, SMA connectorPackage KitsX24-009PK 9600-baud, PackageX24-019PK 19200-baud, PackageDevelopment KitsX24-009DK 9600-baud, Development KitX24-019DK 19200-baud, Development KitAntennasProduct Code Gain(dBd)* Frequency Range(MHz) FeedConnector Length DescriptionYagi AntennasA24-Y6NF 6.6 2.40 – 2.483GHz N Female 7.25” 6-element YagiA24-Y15NF 10.3 2.40 – 2.480GHz N Female 18” 15-element YagiA24-Y16NF 11.3 2.40 – 2.483GHz N Female 18” 16-element YagiBase Station AntennasA24-W5NF 52.40 – 2.485GHz N Female 8” Base Station OmniDipole AntennasA24-HABSM 02.40 – 2.50GHz RPSMA 6” ½ wave dipoleA24-HABMM-P6I 02.40 – 2.50GHz MMCXPlug 6” ½ wave dipoleOtherA24-P6NF 6.3 2.40 – 2.50GHz N Female 3.5” x 2.6” Wall Mount PanelA24-P12NF 12 2.40 – 2.485GHz N Female 9.4” x 8.5” 4 Element PanelA24-P13NF 12.8 2.40 – 2.50GHz N Female 12.1” Planar ArrayNOTE: If using an external antenna, the wire antenna should be removed from the 24XStream module.* dBd relates the dB gain of an antenna to the gain of a dipole antenna. For example, an antenna with 6dBd has 6dBmore gain than a dipole antenna, which translates to twice the range of a dipole.
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.811Serial Port OperationThe 24XStream modules come equipped with a CMOS-level asynchronous serial port. Throughthis serial port, the 24XStream can communicate directly with any device having a UARTinterface, or with a PC, or other RS-232 port, via the MaxStream interface board. By connectingthe 24XStream to a host device’s serial port, the host device becomes empowered tocommunicate wirelessly with ease. To transmit, the host device simply sends serial data to the24XStream and the 24XStream converts the data to spread spectrum FCC-approved wireless data.When this spread spectrum data is detected by the receiving 24XStream module, the data ischecked for integrity and then sent to a receiving device via the serial port. This is shown inFigure 3 below.a. b. Figure 3 – Diagram of data flow from a microcontroller or PC (or any RS-232 device) through a pairof 24XStream wireless modules to receiving microcontroller or PC. (Note: When connecting the24XStream to an RS-232 device, the MaxStream Interface Board adjusts voltage levels between theRS-232 device and the MaxStream wireless module.)Serial PinsFigure 3 above shows 4 data lines needed to interface from a microcontroller or RS-232 device tothe 24XStream modules. These four lines represent DI (Data In), DO (Data Out), *CTS, andRTS/CMD (request to send/command mode). (All low-asserted pins are distinguished with a lineover the top of the pin name, or a ‘*’ symbol prefacing the pin name.) While the DI and DO pinsare indispensable in almost all cases, the *CTS and RTS/CMD may not be needed under certainconditions. The following includes a brief description of each of these pins and under whatconditions the pins must be used. A brief explanation of the *CONFIG pin is also provided.DI (Data In) – Pin 4 (Input)
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.812Data enters the 24XStream the DI pin as an asynchronous serial signal. The serial signal is idle(high) when no data is being transmitted. Each data packet consists of a start bit (low), 8 databits, and a stop bit (high) as shown below in Figure 4.The 24XStream modules transfer exactly 8-bits over the air. The start and stop bits from theUART signal are not actually transmitted, but are regenerated on the receiving module beforethey are sent out the serial port. This allows for the following data configurations to be sent:• 8-bit, no parity, 1 stop bit• 7-bit, even parity, 1 stop bit• 7-bit, odd parity, 1 stop bit• 7-bit, no parity, 2 stop bitsSince the 24XStream is half-duplex, it can only transmit or receive at a given time. Thus, oncethe first byte is detected on the DI pin, the 24XStream immediately begins transmitting theincoming data unless over-the-air data is already being received. In this case, the data on the DIpin is stored in the data buffer until data is no longer being received at the antenna. If the24XStream receives a lengthy sequence of data, the data buffer could reach its capacity (132bytes) in which case the *CTS signal will need to be implemented (see *CTS section below).Also, the 9600 and 19200-baud modules allow the incoming serial data to be transferred at a rateof 2400-57600 bits/second. Serial data can be transferred to the module at a rate equal to or lessthan the module’s over-the-air baud rate without any problems. However, if the serial interfacerate is set to exceed the module’s baud rate (9600 or 19200 bps respectively), *CTS must beimplemented since the data buffer may become full.DO (Data Out) – Pin 3 (Output)Data received from over-the-air transmissions is checked for errors and then sent to the DO pin.____CTS – Pin 1 (Output) ___The CTS pin (clear to send) informs the host device whether or not serial data can be sent to the24XStream module. When *CTS is low, serial data can be sent to the 24XStream module. Allincoming serial data is stored in a data buffer until the next data packet is transmitted (over-the-air). The data buffer can hold up to 132 bytes of data. Once the data buffer contains 115 bytes,the 24XStream module drives the *CTS signal high (de-asserts it) to alert the host device to stopsending serial data. *CTS remains high until less than 98 bytes are in the buffer.
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.813There are three cases in which the data buffer may become full.1) Since the 9600 and 19200-baud modules support serial interface rates from 2400-57600bits/second, the serial data rate could be configured at a higher rate than the module’sover-the-air baud rate. If this happens, long serial data streams can cause the data bufferto become momentarily full, causing *CTS to de-assert.2) Since the 24XStream modules are half-duplex, they can either receive or transmit at agiven time. If a long string of over-the-air data is received, serial data could arrive at thebuffer and cause it to become full if the module is unable to transmit the data.3) If any module in a network (see “Networking and Addressing”) is transmitting data, allother modules in the network will not transmit until they finish receiving data. Thus, ifthey receive serial data, their data buffers could become full.In some applications, where none of these conditions will occur, the *CTS signal need not bemonitored.RTS/CMD – Pin 5 (Input)RTSThe RTS signal (request to send) is not implemented for flow control with the 24XStreammodules. All received data (over-the-air) is sent out the serial port regardless of the RTS signal.CMDThe 24XStream comes with a variety of configurable settings including power-saving modes andnetwork addressing options. This pin can be used as one way to manually configure the24XStream module as described in the “Command Mode” section. When this pin is driven high(asserted), incoming serial data (on the DI pin) is interpreted as commands instead of data. Seethe “Command Mode” section for more information.*CONFIG – Pin 9 (Input)The (low-asserted) *CONFIG pin is used to force the module to enter AT Command Mode.When asserted, the serial port baud rate is temporarily set to match the default baud rate of the24XStream module. This assures that the module will transition into AT Command Mode at aknown baud rate. Upon entering AT Command Mode, all configured parameters, including thebaud rate, remain in their saved state and can be modified as described in the “AT CommandNOTE: DO NOT tie the *CONFIG pin to an external device as it may cause problems withmodule operation. The *CONFIG pin should be tied to an external switch and used manually toenter AT Command Mode only when AT Command Mode cannot be entered under the normalprocedure (see “AT Command Mode” section).
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.814Modes of OperationThe 24XStream wireless module features several modes of operation that allow the module to beresponsive to data and yet utilize minimum power. The figure below shows these modes and isfollowed by a comprehensive look into each mode and the necessary conditions for the24XStream module to transition from one mode to another.Idle ModeThe 24XStream module operates in Idle Mode when there is no data being transmitted orreceived. The module will transition to Transmit Mode once data is presented on the DI pin. Ifvalid data is detected at the antenna, the module will switch from Idle Mode to Receive Mode.When no longer transmitting or receiving, the module returns to Idle Mode.Transmit ModeWhen the first byte arrives in the data buffer through the DI pin, the module leaves Idle Mode andtransitions to Transmit Mode. This transition happens instantaneously from the moment the firstbyte of data arrives in the data buffer. In Transmit Mode, a header is sent out and is thenfollowed by the first data packet, which has a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) attached (see “DataValidity” section below for more information). The first data packet contains all bytes thataccumulated in the data buffer while the header was being sent. After the first data packet is sent,if more data is available in the buffer, another header will be sent, followed by another datapacket. This second data packet (and all subsequent data packets) will consist of data thataccumulated in the buffer while the previous data packet and header were being sent out (seeFigure 5b below). The size of each data packet can vary up to 64 bytes. This progression isshown in Figure 5a.
©2001 MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.815Sent Data:Group Datainto Packets:Figure 5a – Transmit Mode description. Figure 5b – Generation of data packets.Data ValidityTo verify data integrity, a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is computed for the transmitteddata and attached to the end of each data packet before transmission. The receiver will thencompute the CRC on all incoming data. Any received data that has an invalid CRC is discarded.Transmission LatencyThe time required to send a packet of data depends on the number of bytes being sent, and thebaud rate. In addition, the modules have a synchronization timer option that can be manuallyconfigured using the SY command as discussed in the “24XStream Command Table”. Modifyingthis parameter can significantly change the transmission latency. See the “Timing Diagrams”section for more information on transmission latencies.A Note About HeadersAs noted in Figure 5, data packets are always prefaced by a header. The header containsinformation that is used by all receivers (within range) to synchronize their hopping patterns tothe transmitter. The length of the header can be reduced in some applications by eliminating thesynchronization information. See “Timing Diagrams” for more information.Receive ModeIf over-the-air data is present at the RF receiver when the module is in Idle Mode, it willtransition to Receive Mode and start receiving packets. Once a packet is received, it goes througha CRC (cyclic redundancy check) to ensure that the data was transmitted correctly. If the CRCdata bits on the incoming packet are invalid, the packet is discarded. If the CRC is valid, thepacket is sent to the serial port via the DO pin. This process is shown in Figure 6 below.
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.816The module will remain in Receive Mode until an error is detected in the received data, or nomore data is detected, at which point, the module transitions to Idle Mode. If serial data wasstored in the data buffer while the module was in Receive Mode, the data will be transmitted afterthe module returns to Idle Mode.Sleep ModeSleep Mode enables the 24XStream module to go into a low-power state where minimal power isconsumed when the module is not in use. Once in Sleep Mode, the module will not transmit orreceive data until it first returns to Idle Mode. To enter Sleep Mode, the module must be inactive(no data transmission or reception) for a user-defined period of time (specified by the STcommand). After this time elapses, the module transitions to Sleep Mode. By default, SleepMode is disabled and must be enabled using the SM command.The 24XStream features several Sleep Mode settings, each of which makes use of differentmechanisms to enter or leave Sleep Mode. The following table lists the different Sleep Modesettings and the requirements to transition to and from Sleep Mode for each setting.
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.817Sleep Settings Transition to SleepMode Return to IdleMode Sleep Current Configure theseCommandsNo Sleep Mode None. The moduleremains in Idle Mode.(Default Setting) -50 mA -Pin Sleep High on SLEEP pin(pin 2). Low on SLEEP pin. <2 uA SMSerial Port Sleep Automatic transitionafter a user-definedperiod of moduleinactivity (notransmitting orreceiving of data).Set by ST command.Any serial bytereceived on DI pin. 1 mA SM, STCyclic Sleep Automatic transitionafter a user-definedperiod of moduleinactivity (notransmitting orreceiving of data).Set by ST command.Periodically returnsto Idle Mode0.5 Cyclic: Min: 60ìA Max: 40mA Avg: 7.4mA2.0 Cyclic: Min: 60ìA Max: 35.7mA Avg: 2.07mA8.0 Cyclic: Min: 60ìA Max: 35.56mA Avg: 630 ìA1.0 Cyclic: Min: 60ìA Max: 35.7mA Avg: 4mA4.0 Cyclic: Min: 60ìA Max: 35.7mA Avg: 1.1mASM, ST, LH, HTThe following sections describe how each setting operates.Pin Sleep (SM=1)After enabling the Pin Sleep setting, the SLEEP pin (Pin 2) controls whether the 24XStream isactive or in Sleep Mode. If SLEEP is low, the module is fully operational. Once SLEEP isdriven high (asserted), the module transitions to Sleep Mode and remains in its lowest power-consuming state until the SLEEP pin is de-asserted. The 24XStream requires 85 ms to transitionfrom Sleep Mode to Idle Mode. The SLEEP pin is only active if the module is set up to operatein this mode; otherwise the pin is ignored. (See the ‘SM’ command in the “24XStreamCommand Table” for more information.) Once in Pin Sleep Mode, the *CTS pin (Pin 1) is drivenhigh (de-asserted) to indicate that data should not be sent to the module during this time. TheTX/PWR pin (Pin 8) is driven low (de-asserted) when the module is in Pin Sleep Mode.Serial Port Sleep (SM=2)If this state is enabled, the module goes into Sleep Mode after a user-defined period of inactivity(no transmitting or receiving of data). This period of time can be changed by modifying the STcommand. When the module is in Serial Port Sleep Mode, the TX/PWR pin (Pin 8) is de-asserted. The module will return to Idle Mode once a character is received on the DI pin.Cyclic Sleep (SM=3-7)If the Cyclic Sleep setting is enabled, the 24XStream module goes into Sleep Mode after a user-defined period of inactivity (no transmission or reception on the RF channel). This user-defined
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.818period can be set by adjusting the ST parameter (see the ‘ST’ command in “24XStreamCommand Table”). The module remains in Sleep Mode for a user-defined period of time rangingfrom 0.5 seconds to 8 seconds (adjustable using ‘SM’ command as described in “24XStreamCommand Table” section). After this period of time, the module returns to Idle Mode and listensfor a valid data packet. If no valid data packet is found on any channel, the module returns toSleep Mode. If a data packet is found, the module transitions into Receive Mode and receives theincoming packets until another ST inactivity time out. When the module is awake, it requires 100milliseconds to search for a valid data packet.While the module is in its low-power state, the *CTS pin (Pin 1) is driven high (de-asserted) toindicate that data should not be sent to the module during this time. When the module awakens tolisten for data, the *CTS pin is asserted, and any data received on the DI pin will be transmitted.The TX/PWR pin (Pin 8) is driven low (de-asserted) when the module is in Cyclic Sleep Mode.It is asserted each time the module cycles into Idle Mode to listen for valid data packets, and thende-asserts if the module returns to Sleep Mode.A Note About Cyclic ScanningEach RF packet consists of a header and data as shown previously in Figure 5b. Since the headercontains the channel synchronization information, the module must wake up during the headerportion of a packet in order to synchronize with the transmitter and receive the data. To ensurethat the 24XStream module can detect the header, a long header can be sent periodically during atransmission. This long header repeats the synchronization information for a period of timedefined by the ‘LH’ command.By default the long header is turned off, and must be enabled in order to communicate with amodule operating in Cyclic Sleep Mode. To enable the long header, the LH parameter must beset to a value greater than the time of cyclic sleep to ensure accurate detection by the receiver(s).For example, if the 24XStream is set to wake up from Sleep Mode every four seconds and checkfor a packet, a transmitter would need to send a long header that is just over four seconds inlength to guarantee that the receiving module will detect the packet. (The exact timingrequirements can be found in the Timing Diagrams section.) This concept of long header lengthversus Sleep Mode timing is displayed in Figure 7 below. Figure 7a – The length of the long header isnot as long as the period of Cyclic Sleep. It ispossible for the receiver to wake and miss theheader (and the data packet) in this scenario.Figure 7b – The length of the long headerexceeds the period of Cyclic Sleep. Thereceiver is guaranteed to detect and receive thedata packet.The long header is only sent with the initial transmitted packet after a user-defined period ofinactivity (no serial data received and no over-the-air transmitting or receiving). This period ofinactivity must be adjusted using the ‘HT’ command as described in the “24XStream CommandTable”. Sending the long header assures that the receiver will detect the new transmission andwill be able to receive the data as long as the header length slightly exceeds the cyclic sleep time.
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.819Command ModeCommand Mode allows several features, including the power-down and addressing options, to beconfigured. These adjustable parameters offer greater flexibility to designers in configuring themodule to fit specific design criteria. There are three ways to enter Command Mode:1) Assert RTS/CMD and send a binary command.2) Send the sequence “+++” to send AT commands.3) Assert (low) the *CONFIG pin and turn the power switch off and back on. (Do not tie*CONFIG pin to microprocessor. See “Serial Port Operation” section for details.)Once in Command Mode, the configurable parameters can be adjusted using either ATcommands or Binary commands, as explained below. Any parameters that are changed while inCommand Mode must be saved to non-volatile memory using the WR command, or else they willreset to their stored value upon reset or power-up.The following sections contain a description of the AT and Binary Command Modes along withsome examples. In these examples, sent or received ASCII characters are marked in quotations.The quotation marks should not be included when sending commands to the 24XStream modules.Carriage Returns (ASCII character 13) will be denoted as <CR>. Also, Binary values arerepresented in this document with “<” and “>” characters and are not sent as part of the actualcommand. All binary values are represented as hexadecimal values (HEX) in these examples,denoted by an “H” after the number. The actual Binary Command values must all be sent inbinary with the least significant byte (LSB) sent first followed by the most significant byte (MSB)if the value is larger than one byte.AT CommandsAT commands can be sent to the module using ASCII commands and parameters. A specialbreak sequence is used so that the module will transition into AT Command Mode. The defaultsequence for entering AT Command Mode is:- No characters sent for 1 second. (Time modified by “BT” command)- Send 3 plus characters “+++” within 1 second. (Character modified by “CC” command)- No characters sent for 1 second. (Time modified by “AT” command)The 24XStream module will respond by sending an “OK<CR>”.All AT commands are sent as follows:“AT” 2-CharacterASCIICommandOptionalSpace Parameter(HEX) CarriageReturnThe ASCII command consists of “AT” followed by two alpha-numeric bytes, and the parameteris a number represented as ASCII hexadecimal characters (0-9, A-F). The ASCII commands andparameters are not case-sensitive. The optional space can be any non-alpha-numeric character.After executing a recognized AT command, the module responds with an OK<CR>. If anunrecognized command or a command with a bad parameter is received, the module will respondwith an ERROR<CR>. The modified value will be reset upon module power-down or resetunless the “WR” command is issued to save the parameter to non-volatile memory.
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.820To query the current value of a particular command, send the corresponding AT commandwithout any parameters (carriage return is still sent). The response will be the current value ofthat command reported as a hexadecimal number.The following example demonstrates basic AT Command functionality in the 24XStreammodule.Example:This example will change the user-defined Module Address to 1A0D (HEX) and check thecurrent value of the SM command. It will also write the new Module Address to non-volatilememory.Send Response“+++” “OK<CR>”“ATDT 1A0D<CR>” “OK<CR>”“ATSM<CR>” “0”“ATWR<CR>” (write to non-volatile memory) “OK<CR>”“ATCN<CR>” (exit AT Command Mode)Exiting AT Command ModeThere are two ways to exit the AT command mode and return to Idle Mode. If no valid ATcommands are received within the time specified by the AT Command Timeout parameter (CTcommand), the module will return to Idle Mode automatically. Alternatively, the AT commandmode can be exited by sending the CN command.Binary CommandsBinary command bytes are organized as follows:<Command><Parameters> – 1 byte – 2 bytesWhen sending a Binary command to the 24XStream, the Command byte must be sent while theRTS/CMD pin (Pin 5) is asserted. RTS/CMD can be de-asserted 100 microseconds after the stopbit of the Command byte has been sent. It does not matter whether RTS/CMD is asserted whenthe Parameter bytes are sent. The command will execute when all the parameters associated withthe command have been sent. If all parameters haven’t been received within 0.5 seconds themodule will return to Idle Mode. Note that when parameters are sent, they are always two byteslong with the least significant byte sent first. When they are read, they are 1 or 2 bytes long asindicated in the Command Table below.Binary Command Mode allows multiple commands to be sent in sequence. When the RTS/CMDpin is asserted, all incoming serial data will be interpreted as commands. Commands can be sentin sequences of commands and their associated parameters. If RTS/CMD remains asserted, allreceived commands will be executed by the 24XStream module. All modified parameters mustbe stored in non-volatile memory by sending the WR command (08H with no parameters) beforepowering down or resetting the module or the changes will be lost.
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.821Commands can be queried for their current value by sending the command logically ORed withthe value 80H (hexadecimal) with RTS/CMD asserted. When this binary value is sent (with noparameters) the current value of the command will be sent back, through the DO pin.NOTE: For the 24XStream module to recognize a Binary command, the RT command must beissued from AT Command Mode to enable binary programming. If binary programming is notenabled, the module will not recognize when the RTS/CMD pin is asserted and will therefore notrecognize Binary Commands.Example:This example will set Sleep Mode to the Pin Sleep setting and store the new Sleep Mode value tonon-volatile memory. (Again, the RT command must be issued in AT Command Mode to enablebinary programming before Binary Command Mode will work.)Assert RTS/CMD (Enter command mode.) Send bytes: (Send SM1 command)<01H> (Command Byte - SM)<01H> (Least significant bit of the Parameter Bytes - 01H)<00H> (Most significant bit of the Parameter Bytes – 00H) Send bytes: (Send WR command)<08H> (Command Byte - WR)De-assert RTS/CMD
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.82224XStream Command TableATCommandBinaryCommand #Description Parameters# BytesReturnedFactoryDefaultDT 0V4.08 Set the Module Address. (Onlymodules with the same address cancommunicate.)Address valueRange: 0 – FFFFH 2 0SM 1Adjust Sleep Mode setting. 0 – No Sleep Mode1 – Pin Sleep2 – Serial Port Sleep3 – Cyclic 0.5 second sleep4 – Cyclic 1.0 second sleep5 – Cyclic 2.0 second sleep6 – Cyclic 4.0 second sleep7 – Cyclic 8.0 second sleep1 0ST 2Set time to sleep. Time ofinactivity before entering SleepMode (This number is only validin Cyclic and Serial Port Sleepsettings).Number of tenths of seconds.Range: 0 – FFFFH. 264HT 3Set time before long header. Timeof inactivity before a long headeris used.Number of tenths of seconds.Range: 0 – FFFFH.(65535 means no long header)2FFFFBT 4Set silence time before commandsequence. Number of tenths of seconds.Range: 0 – FFFFH. 2AAT 5Set silence time after commandsequence Number of tenths of secondsRange: 0 – FFFFH. 2ACT 6Set time out from AT commandmode. Returns to Idle Mode fromAT mode if no valid commandshave been received within thistime period.Number of tenths of seconds.Range: 0 – FFFFH. 2C8FL 7Set serial software flow control.(Hardware flow control (*CTS) isalways on.)0- no software flow control1- use software flow control 1 0WR 8Write all configurable parametersto non-volatile memory. Allsettable parameters are stored.NA NA NACN 9Exit AT command mode. NA NA NAE0 10 No echo in AT command mode. NA NA NAE1 11 Echo characters in AT commandmode. NA NA NA
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.823ATCommandBinaryCommand #Description Parameters# BytesReturnedFactoryDefaultLH 12 Transmit header time Time in tenths of seconds forthe long header.Range: 0 – 0xFF1 1FH 13 Force header on next transmit NA NA NARE 14 Restore default configuration NA NA NAER 15 Set Receive Error Count Value of error count. Thisvalue is reset to 0 after everyreset it is not non-volatile2 0GD 16 Set Receive Good Count Value of good count. Thisvalue is reset to 0 after everyreset it is not non-volatile2 0HP 17 Set Network number. Eachnetwork uses a different hopsequence. Seven different networknumbers are available.Use this parameter to operateindependent networks of24XStream modules in thesame vicinity.Range: 0 – 6H1 0MK 18 Set Module Address Mask Address mask. Only bits set to1 are used in the addresscomparison. A global addressis an address that has the samebits set as the address mask.2FFFFCC 19 Set command sequence character. Number for the commandcharacter.Range: 20H –7FH12BVR 20 Firmware version NA 2NABD 21V4.08 Set Serial Baud Rate Number corresponding toSerial Port baud rate. Baudrate doesn’t take affect untilATCN command is issued. Ifthe baud command is issued inbinary mode it must be stored(ATWR) and new baud ratewill take affect after reset.Range: 1 – 61-24002-48003-96004-192005-384006-576001
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.824ATCommandBinaryCommand #Description Parameters# BytesReturnedFactoryDefaultRT 22V4.10 RTS/CMD Control 0 – No binary commandsaccessed with RTS/CMD.1 – Binary commands are sentwhen RTS/CMD is asserted.1 0SY 23V4.12 Set Sync Timer. This timerepresents the time that thetransmitter and receiver stay insync after receiving or sendingdata. Setting this parameter to 20(0x14) will allow any module totransmit within the next 2 secondsutilizing a header of 8ms instead of35ms. Use this parameter toreduce communication latency andturn-around time.Time in tenths of secondsRange: 0 –FFH 1 0
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.825Networking and AddressingThe 24XStream modules utilize three levels of addressing to communicate between modules.This networking hierarchy is depicted in Figure 8 below. Only modules with the matchingaddresses are able to communicate. The three methods of addressing are: Vendor Identificationnumber, Networks and Module Addresses.Figure 8 – Layout of a typical network configuration. The 24XStream features a powerful set ofnetworking and addressing options allowing the functionalities of complex networking systems.Vendor Identification Number (VID)For network security, a unique Vendor Identification number (VID) can be requested. The VIDis programmed into the 24XStream module at the factory and is stored in permanent memory.This number can only be changed at the factory. Only modules with matching VID numbers cancommunicate together. The VID addressing ensures that modules with a given VID are immuneto either transmissions or receptions with 24XStream modules with a different VID in the samevicinity. To request a unique VID number, contact MaxStream to obtain a VID Request Form.NetworksWithin each VID, there are seven available networks. Each network utilizes a different pseudo-random hopping sequence to navigate through the shared hopping channels. In the event that twomodules from different networks collide on a channel, because they hop in a different sequence,the two modules will jump to separate channels on the next hop. Using networks, multiplemodule pairs can operate in the same vicinity with minimal interference from each other. Thenetwork parameter is user settable using the “HP” command as described in the “24XStream
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.826Module AddressModule Addresses and Module Address Masks provide another level of addressing among24XStream modules. Each module in a network can be configured with a 16-bit Module Addressto establish selective communications within a network. This address is set to one of 65535values using the “DT” command. The default Module Address is 0000H.All modules with the same Module Address can transmit and receive data among themselves.Any modules on a network with different Module Addresses will still detect and listen to the datain order to maintain network synchronization. However, they will not send the data out to theirserial ports if their Module Addresses don’t match the Module Address of the transmitter. (TheModule Address Mask can be used to provide exceptions to this rule as described in the followingsection.Module Address MaskThe Module Address Mask can be used as an additional method to facilitate communicationamong modules. The Module Address Mask can also be set to one of 65535 possible valuesusing the “MK” command. The default value is FFFFH.All transmitted data packets contain the Module Address of the transmitting module. When atransmitted packet is received by a module, the Transmitter Module Address (contained in thepacket) is logically “ANDed” (bitwise) with the Receiver Module Address Mask. If the resultingvalue matches the Receiver Module Address, or if it matches the Receiver Module Address Mask,the packet is accepted. Otherwise, the packet is discarded. (When performing this comparison,any “0” values in the Receiver Module Address Mask are treated as “don’t care” values and areignored.)Packets with a Transmitter Module Address of FFFFH will be received by all modules as shownbelow in Figure 10. A Transmitter Module Address that matches the Module Address Mask iscalled a Global Address.Figure 10 – Demonstration of Module Address comparison at receiver. FFFFH logically “ANDed”with any Module Address Mask will equal the Module Address Mask.The following example helps illustrate the manner in which Module Addresses are checked.ExampleConsider a Module (Module A) with Module Address of 00FFH and Module Address MaskF0F0H as shown in Figure 11 below.
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.827F0F0H.There are three different ways that Module A can receive packets from other modules.1) This module could receive packets from other modules with a Transmitter ModuleAddress of 00FFH.2) Since the Receiver Module Address Mask is set to F0F0H, logically “with the Receiver Module Address yields “0XFX” (HEX) where the ‘X’ values can beanything. Thus, by setting the Module Address Mask to F0F0H, this module couldreceive packets from any module with a “0XFX” Module Address.3) The module can also receive packets from any module with a Module Address thatmatches the Module Address Mask of the module (F0F0H). However, since the ModuleAddress Mask of Module A (in this example) contains two ‘0’ values, these are don’tcare values. Hence, Module A could receive packets from any module having aTransmitter Module Address (Global Address) of “FXFX”.
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.828Electrical CharacteristicsDC CharacteristicsVcc=4.75V to 5.25VSymbol Parameter Condition Min Typical Max UnitsVIL Input LowVoltage All input signals -0.5 0.3*Vcc VVIHInput HighVoltage ________(Except RESET) 0.6*Vcc Vcc+0.5 VVIH2 Input HighVoltage ________(RESET) 0.9*Vcc Vcc+0.5 VVOL Output LowVoltage IOL=20mA Vcc=5V 0.6 VVOH Output HighVoltage IOH=-3mA Vcc=5V 4.2 VIILInput LeakageCurrent I/O Pin Vcc=5V, pin low(abs. value)(Except *CTS, DO,*RESET, *CONFIG)8.0 uAIIHInput LeakageCurrent I/O Pin Vcc=5V, pin high(abs. value)(Except RTS/CMD)980 nAIIL2 ____ ________CTS, DO, RESET (Vcc-VI)/10 mAIIL3 _________CONFIG (Vcc-VI)/47 mAIIH2 RTS/CMD VI/10 mAAC CharacteristicsPin TimingsSymbol Description X24-019 X24-009TR1 Latency from the time data is transmitteduntil received. 54 ms 73.6 msTR2 Same as TR1 (SY=20) 26.6 ms 44.8 msTTL1 Time from when data packet is firsttransmitted until TX/PWR pulses low. 46.4 ms 55.6 msTTL2 Time that TX/PWR pin is driven low (whenred LED flashes). 8.4 ms 16.8 msTRL1 Time from when data packet is firsttransmitted until RXLED pin goes high onreceiver.40.6 ms 44.8 msTRL2 Time that RXLED pin is driven low (whenyellow LED flashes). 14 ms 29.6 ms
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.829Cyclic Sleep Mode TimingsSymbol Description X24-019 X24-009TÄS Time when module is listening for a validheader to start receiving data. 100 ms 100 msTSL Time where the 24XStream is in its lowpower cyclic sleep. This time is adjustableusing the SM command.0.5 seconds1.0 seconds2.0 seconds4.0 seconds8.0 seconds(depends on SM)0.5 seconds1.0 seconds2.0 seconds4.0 seconds8.0 seconds(depends on SM)TCTotal period between successive pulses ofthe module awakening from Sleep Mode.This value is dependent on the setting of theSM command.0.6 seconds1.1 seconds2.1 seconds4.1 seconds8.1 seconds(depends on SM)0.6 seconds1.1 seconds2.1 seconds4.1 seconds8.1 seconds(depends on SM)Timing DiagramsPin TimingsSleep Mode Timings
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.830FCC QualificationsIMPORTANT: The 24XStream module has been certified as a module by the FCC forintegration into OEM products without further certification being necessary (as per FCC section2.1091.) The OEM must satisfy the following requirements in order to comply with FCCregulations:1) The system integrator must ensure that the external label provided with this device isplaced on the outside of the final product.2) In order to comply with the FCC RF exposure requirements, the 24XStream may be usedonly with Approved Antennas that have been tested with this module and a minimumseparation distance of 20 cm must be maintained from the antenna to any nearby persons.The OEM must also include a statement in the final product manual, informing users ofthe requirement to maintain 20 cm separation from the antenna to any nearby persons. Ifthe OEM integrates the 24XStream into their final product, where the final productutilizes a non-approved antenna or is classified as a portable device per FCC Section2.1093 (less than 20 cm separation distance between the antenna to any nearby persons),the OEM is responsible for obtaining a separate authorization on the final product.WarrantyThe 24XStream module from MaxStream is warranted against defects in materials andmanufacturing for a period of 90 days from the date of purchase. In the event of a product failuredue to materials or workmanship, MaxStream will repair or replace the defective product. Forwarranty service, return the defective product to MaxStream for prompt repair or replacement.MaxStream, its suppliers, and its licensors shall in no event be liable for any damages arisingfrom the use of or inability to use this product. This includes business interruption, loss ofbusiness information, or other losses that may arise from the use of this product.
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.831Using the 24XStream Development KitIntroduction:Use this development kit to experience the extended rangeand ease of use of the MaxStream 24XStream module. Thismodule transmits data at either 9600 or 19200 bits per second(see FCC label on module shield) in the license-free 2.4 GHzISM band. See how simple it is to communicate with themodule using asynchronous serial communications byfollowing the instructions below.Contents:224XStream Frequency Hopping modules2Interface Boards29 VDC power supplies2 DB-9 straight through serial cables1Null modem adapter13.5" floppy disk containing file RAT.TXTRequirements:2 computers with an available comm port and Windows 95/98 orNT.Instructions:1. Assemble and Connect Interface Boards to computers.a. Connect the modules to the Interface Boards by fittingthe 4 and 11-pin connectors into their respective femaleheaders.b. Attach the male sides of one of the DB-9 ConnectingCables to the female DB-9 jacks on the InterfaceBoards.c. Attach the female side of a DB-9 connecting cable to anavailable RS-232 port on the back of Computer 1.Connect Module 2 to Computer 2 in the same fashion.d. Plug power supplies into the Interface Boards. Turn theswitch on. The red LEDs on the Interface Boards willilluminate to show the boards are powered.e. Refer to figure 1 for completed assembly.2. Run and configure HyperTrm.exe on both computersa. Open the folder on the Start Menu found underPrograms -> Accessories -> Communications ->HyperTerminal.b. Double-click on the application HyperTrm.exe andchoose a name and an icon for the new connection inthe Connection Description dialogue box.c. In the Connect To dialogue box on each computer,select Connect using: Direct to Com1 or Direct toCom2 to correspond with the comm port used on therespective computers (see figure 2) . Click OK .d. In the COM Properties dialogue box, set theFigure 2 –Connect To DialogueBoxFigure 3 – COM PropertiesDialogue BoxFigure 1 – MaxStream PC Interface Board
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.832following: Bits per second: 19200; Data bits: 8; Parity: None; Stop Bits: 1 and FlowControl: Hardware (See figure 3). Click OK. (Set the Bits per second to 9600 if you areusing 24XStream-96 modules)e. Both computers are now set up and ready to communicate.3. Test Connectiona. Place cursor in HyperTerminal window of Computer 1 and type a message. Notice thattext appears only in the window of Computer 2 and text typed on Computer 2 appearsonly on Computer 1. This text is being transferred over the air by the 24XStreammodules.b. Transfer the file RAT.TXT i. On Computer 1: Select Transfer menu ->Send File(or try right-clicking in theHyperTerminal window). Insert the disk intothe A: drive and enter Filename:A:\RAT.TXT Select Protocol: Ymodem (Seefigure 4). Press Send. ii. On Computer 2: Select Transfer menu ->Receive File. Select a folder in which toplace the file and select Protocol: Ymodem(see figure 5). Press Receive. iii. The file will begin to transfer and any errorsor retries will be accounted for. Touch theantennas and move the modules around tonotice that errors or retries do occur undercertain circumstances. iv. When the transfer completes, openRAT.TXT on Computer 2 and observe thepattern of text, it will be easy to see if anycharacters were lost or corrupted. v. Any file can be transferred this way. Use either Xmodem or Ymodem protocol.Both computers must have the same settings.c. Try range testing by distancing the two computers from each other. The modules cansend and receive data up to 10 miles line of sight using gain antennas.4. Problems (Trouble Shooting)a. Can’t find the HyperTerminal on your computer? i. Search your hard drive for HyperTrm.exe ii. Download a free version from http://www.hilgraeve.comb. Power LED doesn’t illuminate when battery clip is attached? i. Replace the battery.c. Cannot connect to the comm port or communication not working? i. Try selecting another comm port by selecting Properties under the File menu. ii. If necessary test the comm ports with a null modem cable (cross RX and TX)between the two computers to verify operation of comm ports.d. Characters are getting scrambled? i. Verify that both comm ports are set match the baud rate of the modules beingtested. Probably 9600 baud or 19200 bits per second. Look for the baud rate onthe FCC sticker, 96 or 192 respectively.Figure 4 – Send File Dialogue BoxFigure 5 – Receive File Dialogue Box
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.833GlossaryAT commands – A set of commands thatcan be used to customize and configure the24XStream module to meet specific needs.AT commands are sent via a serialcommunications program such asHyperTerminal.Binary commands – Another set ofcommands used to configure the 24XStreammodule. Binary commands are sent withRTS/CMD asserted. The RT commandmust be used to enable binary programmingprior to using binary commands. MultipleBinary commands can be issued sequentiallywhile RTS/CMD is asserted.Clear to send – See “CTS pin”.CMOS logic – Logic levels used by the24XStream module. (0-5V)Command Mode – A mode of operationwherein the configurable parameters of the24XStream module can be manuallyadjusted. Both Binary and AT commandmodes are available.Command table – Table containing all 23currently implemented commands. Thistable lists all of the adjustable parametersalong with a brief description of each.CRC – See “Cyclic redundancy check”.CTS pin – The low-asserted Clear To Sendpin (Pin 1) provides flow control for the24XStream module. When CTS is asserted(low), serial data can be sent to the modulefor transmission. If the module is unable totransmit the data, CTS may de-assert (high)once the data buffer nears capacity toprevent buffer overflow.Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) – Usedby the 24XStream module to ensure dataintegrity during transmission. A CRC iscomputed on the bits to be transmitted over-the-air and sent with each data packet. TheCRC is recomputed by the receiver andcompared with the original CRC bits. Thepacket is valid if the receiver CRC matchesthe CRC computed by the transmitter.Cyclic sleep – Sleep Mode setting in whichthe module enters a low-power state andawakens periodically to determine if anytransmissions are being sent.Data buffer – Collects incoming serial dataprior to over-the-air data transmission. Thedata buffer can hold up to 132 bytes at agiven time. When the buffer fills to 115bytes, the Clear To Send (CTS) pin is de-asserted to stop the flow of incoming serialdata.Data packets – A grouping of data to besent over-the-air. Each data packet containsa header and data that is collected from thedata buffer. The size of the packets varies upto 64 bytes depending on how many bytes ofdata are in the data buffer.Data validity – Comparing received datawith transmitted data to ensure accuratetransmission. Data validity is verified byperforming a CRC check.DI pin – All incoming serial data enters the24XStream module on the Data In pin (Pin4).DO pin – All received over-the-air dataleaves the 24XStream module through theData Out pin (Pin 3) and can then be sent toa microcontroller or RS-232 device.FCC – The Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC) is the US governmentagency responsible for regulating radiocommunications standards in the US.Flow control – Method of determiningwhen serial data can be sent to the modulefor over-the-air transmission. Flow controlis used to prevent buffer overflow. This canbe implemented in hardware and/orsoftware. Hardware flow control isimplemented in the 24XStream moduleusing the *CTS pin.Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum(FHSS) – Method employed by the24XStream module which involvestransmitting data over several differentchannels in a specific channel hoppingsequence known by the transmitter and thereceiver(s).
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.834Half-duplex – Radios that operate in half-duplex are able to either transmit data orreceive data at a given time, but cannot doboth simultaneously. The 24XStream ishalf-duplex. When one module istransmitting, all modules (with the sameVID) within range listen to the transmissionand will only transmit once the transmissionis complete.Hardware flow control – See “Flowcontrol”.Headers – Information that prefaces thedata bits in transmitted data packets. Theheader contains information used by thereceiver(s) to synchronize to the transmitter.HyperTerminal – A serial communicationsprogram useful for communicating with the24XStream module and configuring user-defined operating parameters through ATcommands.Idle Mode – A mode of operation in whichthe 24XStream module is neithertransmitting nor receiving. In Idle Mode,the module can transition to Receive Modeif over-the-air data is detected, TransmitMode if serial data is presented on the DIpin, or Command Mode if either Binary orAT command mode is invoked.Industrial Temperature – Temperaturetested version of 24XStream modulesextending beyond normal operatingspecifications (0ºC to 70ºC). These modulesare tested for a temperature range from-40ºC to 85ºC.Integration – The simple process ofdropping the 24XStream module into anapplication in place of a serial cable.Interface board – An optional boardavailable with the 24XStream module thatconverts RS-232 level data into CMOS logiclevels. The interface board is especiallyuseful for developing with the 24XStreammodule.Long header – A lengthy header (lengthdetermined by LH command) sent out toensure that modules running in a cyclicsleep mode can detect the header when theyawake and synchronize to the transmission.Low-power modes – See “Sleep Mode”.Module Addresses – Provides a layer ofaddressing among modules. Modules withthe same Module Addresses cancommunicate together.Module Address Masks – Provide a layerof filtering to received (over-the-air) datapackets. The address (of the transmittingmodule) is logically “ANDed” with theModule Address Mask of the receiver. Theresulting value must match the ModuleAddress of the receiver for the packet to bereceived. All “0” values are not compared.Networks – Provides a layer above ModuleAddresses for communicating betweenmodules. Each network has a uniquehopping sequence that allows modules onthe same network to remain synchronized toeach other.Pin layout – Describes the layout andfunctionality of all pins on the 24XStreammodule.Pin sleep – This Sleep Mode setting puts the24XStream into a minimal power state whenthe SLEEP pin is asserted. It remains in Pinsleep until the SLEEP pin is de-asserted.This setting must be enabled using the SMcommand.Power-saving modes – See “Sleep Mode”.Receive Mode – A mode of operation thatreceives over-the-air data and transmits allvalid data packets out to the serial port. Themodule must be in Idle Mode to transition toReceive Mode.RS-232 logic – Standard logic levelsimplemented in all RS-232 devices.RTS/CMD – The RTS/CMD pin (Pin 5) isused primarily to configure Binarycommands (CMD). RTS (Request to Send)flow control is not implemented in the24XStream module.Sensitivity – A measurement specificationthat describes how weak a signal can be (indBm) and still be detected by the receiver.Serial data – Data that enters the24XStream module through its serial port.Serial port sleep – A Sleep Mode settingwherein the module runs in a low powerstate until data is detected on the DI pin.This setting must be enabled using the SMcommand.Sleep Mode – A mode of operation in whichthe 24XStream enters a low power-consuming state. Several Sleep Mode
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.835settings are available and can be configuredusing the SM command.SLEEP pin – If Pin Sleep is enabled, theSLEEP pin (Pin 2) determines if the moduleis in Sleep Mode or Idle Mode. See “PinStandby Mode – See “Idle Mode”.Start bit – A low UART signal sent tosignify the beginning of an eight-bit datasequence.Stop bit – The last bit in a UART datasequence. The stop bit is high and indicatesthe end of an eight-bit data sequence.Synchronization – Synchronization is usedto ensure that the transmitter and receiverare in sync with each other and followingthe same channel hopping sequence.Transmission Latency – Time required tosend a packet of data. This value isdependent on the number of bytes being sentand the baud rate of the module.Transmit Mode – Mode of operation inwhich over-the-air data can be transmittedfrom a module to other modules.TTL – Transistor-transistor logic.UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter. See “Serial port”.VID – The Vendor Identification number(VID) allows modules with the same VID tocommunicate among themselves. Anymodule with a different VID will not receivetheir data transmissions.
MaxStream, Inc. 24XStream Wireless Module Manual v2.836IndexAC characteristics……………..27-28Antennas……………………….7, 9AT commands…………………18-19Binary commands…………….. 19-20Binary programming…………..20Command mode……………….18Command table………………..21-23CONFIG pin…………………...13CTS pin………………………..6, 11-12Current Consumption………….7Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) 14Cyclic sleep……………………16-17Data packet generation………...13-14Data validity…………………...14DC characteristics……………..27DI pin…………………………. 6, 10-11DO pin…………………………6, 11FCC……………………………1, 29Flow control…………………...21Headers……………………….. 13-14, 17Idle mode………………………13Interface board…………………10Long header……………………17, 21Low-power modes (see Sleep mode)Module address………………..25Module address mask………….25-26Networks………………………24Part numbers…………………...8-9Pin description…………………6Pin layout………………………5Pin sleep……………………….16Power-saving modes (see Sleep mode)Product listing…………………9Receive mode………………….14-15RTS/CMD pin…………………6, 12, 19Sensitivity……………………...7, 30-31Serial data……………………...10-11Serial port sleep………………..16SLEEP pin……………………..6Specifications………………….7Standby mode (See Idle mode)Timing diagrams………………28Transmission latency…………. 14Transmit mode………………... 13-14Warranty……………………… 29

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