MaxStream 9XSTREAM 9XSTREAM Wireless OEM Module User Manual

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MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

1 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

9XStream™

Wireless OEM Module

Operation Manual v 2.8

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

2 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Table of Contents

FCC Compliance...............................................................................4

FCC Qualifications ...........................................................................4

Warranty ...........................................................................................6

Overview ............................................................................................7

Features............................................................................................................8

Simple Product Integration............................................................................8

Serial Port Operation .......................................................................9

Serial Pins ........................................................................................................9

DI (Data In) – Pin 4 (Input) .....................................................................10

DO (Data Out) – Pin 3 (Output) ..............................................................11

CTS – Pin 1 (Output)................................................................................11

RTS/CMD – Pin 5 (Input) ........................................................................12

CONFIG – Pin 9 (Input)...........................................................................12

Modes of Operation ........................................................................13

Idle Mode .......................................................................................................13

Transmit Mode..............................................................................................13

Data Validity..............................................................................................15

Transmission Latency...............................................................................15

Receive Mode.................................................................................................16

Sleep Mode.....................................................................................................17

Pin Sleep (SM=1)......................................................................................17

Serial Port Sleep (SM=2).........................................................................17

Cyclic Sleep (SM=3-7) .............................................................................18

Cyclic Scanning ......................................................................................18

Command Mode..............................................................................19

AT Commands ..............................................................................................20

Exiting AT Command Mode....................................................................21

Binary Commands ........................................................................................21

Networking and Addressing ..........................................................23

Vendor Identification Number (VID) .........................................................23

Networks ........................................................................................................24

Module Address ............................................................................................24

Module Address Mask..................................................................................24

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Glossary ...........................................................................................26

Application Notes............................................................................30

Appendix A – Packaging Information ........................................................34

Appendix B – J1/J2 Pin Descriptions..........................................................35

Appendix C – Specifications ........................................................................36

Appendix D – Product Listing .....................................................................37

Appendix E – 9XStream Commands ..........................................................39

Appendix F – Timing Diagrams ..................................................................42

Appendix G – Electrical Characteristics ....................................................43

Appendix H – Sleep Mode Settings .............................................................48

Appendix I – Module Part Numbers...........................................................49

Using the 9XStream Development Kit..........................................51

Introduction: .................................................................................................51

Contents:........................................................................................................51

Instructions:...................................................................................................52

Index.................................................................................................55

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

4 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

FCC Compliance

FCC NOTICE

LABELING REQUIREMENTS

ANTENNA WARNING

WARNING: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the

following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2)

this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may

cause undesired operation.

WARNING: This device has been tested with Reverse Polarity SMA and MMCX connectors with

the antennas listed below. When integrated in the OEMs product, these fixed

antennas require installation preventing end-users from replacing them with non-

approved antennas. Any antenna not in the following table must be tested to compl

with FCC Section 15.203 for unique antenna connectors and Section 15.247 for

emissions.

WARNING: The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) must ensure that FCC labeling

requirements are met. This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the

OEM enclosure specifying "Contai

as well as the FCC Notice above.

ns Transmitter Module, FCC ID: OUR9XSTREAM

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FCC Qualifications

IMPORTANT: The 9XSTREAM module has been certified by the FCC

for integration into OEM products without any further

certification (as per FCC section 2.1091.) Changes or

modifications not expressly approved by MaxStream

could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

In order to fulfill the certification requirements, however, the OEM must comply

with FCC regulations:

1. The system integrator must ensure that the external label provided with

this device is placed on the outside of the final product.

2. The 9XStream may be used only with Approved Antennas that have

been tested with this module.

Approved Antenna List

Manufacturer Part Number Type Gain Application

Connector

Type

Minimum

Separation

Distance

MaxStream A09-Y6 Yagi 6.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-Y7 Yagi 7.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-Y8 Yagi 8.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-Y9 Yagi 9.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-Y10 Yagi 10.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-Y11 Yagi 11.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-Y12 Yagi 12.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-Y13 Yagi 13.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-Y14 Yagi 14.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-Y15 Yagi 15.2dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-F2 Base Station 2.2dBi Fixed RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-F5 Base Station 5.2dBi Fixed RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-F8 Base Station 8.2dBi Fixed RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-F9 Base Station 9.2dBi Fixed RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-W7 Base Station 7.2dBi Fixed RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-M7 Base Station 7.2dBi Fixed RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream A09-H 1/2 wave antenna 2.1dBi Fixed/Mobile RPSMAF 20cm

MaxStream

A09-HBMM-

P6I 1/2 wave antenna 2.1dBi Mobile MMCX 20cm

MaxStream

A09-QBMM-

P6I 1/4 wave antenna 1.9 dBi Mobile MMCX 20cm

MaxStream A09-QI

1/4 wave integrated

wire antenna 1.9 dBi Mobile Integrated 20cm

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RF EXPOSURE

Warranty

The 9XStream module from MaxStream (the "Product") is warranted against defects in

materials and manufacturing under normal use in accordance with instructions and

specifications published by MaxStream in connection with its Development Kits or as

otherwise published by MaxStream from time to time, for a period of 90 days from the date

of purchase from MaxStream. In the event of a product failure due to materials or

workmanship, MaxStream will repair or replace the defective product. For warranty

service, return the defective product to MaxStream, shipping prepaid, for prompt repair or

replacement.

The foregoing sets forth the full extent of MaxStream's warranties regarding the Product.

Repair or replacement at MaxStream's option is the exclusive remedy. THIS WARRANTY

IS GIVEN IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND

MAXSTREAM SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT

SHALL MAXSTREAM, ITS SUPPLIERS OR LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR

DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT, FOR ANY

LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF TIME, INCONVENIENCE, COMMERCIAL LOSS, LOST

PROFITS OR SAVINGS, OR OTHER INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE

THE PRODUCT, TO THE FULL EXTENT SUCH MAY BE DISCLAIMED BY LAW.

SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. THEREFOR, THE FOREGOING

EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY IN ALL CASES. This warranty provides specific legal

rights. Other rights which vary from state to state may also apply.

WARNING: This equipment is approved for mobile / base station applications

When using the 9Xstream with mobile or base station antennas, a minimum

separation distances of 20 centimeters or more must be maintained. To ensure

compliance, operation at distances closer than this is not recommended.

The preceding statement must be included as a CAUTION statement in

manuals for OEM products to alert users on FCC RF Exposure compliance.

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Overview

The 9XStream 12, 96, and 192 modules are 100-milliwatt, frequency-hopping

wireless modules that allow wireless communication between equipment using

a standard asynchronous serial data stream. The half-duplex transmission of

the 9XStream can sustain a continuous data stream at the specified data rate.

The 9XStream has been engineered for use with the following applications

(among others):

• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

• Remote meter reading

• Home Automation

• Security

• Instrument monitoring

• Point of Sale Systems (POS)

The 9XStream operates within the 900 MHz ISM Band and is approved by the

FCC under Part 15 of FCC Rules and Regulations. A regulated 5-volt supply

is required for operation.

Figure 1a - Block diagram demonstrating basic module

operation and data flow for both transmit and receive.

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Features

• Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) technology

• Noise and interference resistance

• Enhanced sensitivity and range

• Multiple Low-power modes (down to 1 Microamp)

• Standard serial digital interface connection

• Built-in Networking and addressing

• Simple AT command interface

Simple Product Integration

The 9XStream doesn’t require previous knowledge of RF operation. It

interfaces to any UART or PC Serial Port using the MaxStream interface

board and has been developed with a small form-factor for ease of integration.

The data transfer performance of the 9XStream has been enhanced with

proprietary technology from MaxStream and requires no additional licensing

or FCC approval.

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Serial Port Operation

The 9XStream modules come equipped with a CMOS-level asynchronous

serial port, which provides direct communication with any device having a

UART interface (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter). The serial

port can also communicate with a COM port on a personal computer, or other

RS-232 port via the MaxStream interface board. By connecting the 9XStream

to the serial port on a host device, the host becomes a wireless communication

device. To transmit, the host device simply sends data from its serial port to

the 9XStream and the 9XStream converts the data into spread spectrum, FCC-

approved wireless data. The data is then detected by a receiving 9XStream

module, checked for integrity, and sent to a receiving device via the serial port

(Figure 2a).

Serial Pins

Figure 2a above shows 4 data lines needed to interface from a microcontroller

or RS-232 device to the 9XStream modules. These four lines represent DI

(Data In), DO (Data Out), CTS, and RTS/CMD (request to send/command

mode). (All low-asserted pins are distinguished with a line over the top of the

pin name, or a ‘*’ symbol prefacing the pin name.) While the DI and DO pins

are indispensable in almost all cases, the CTS and RTS/CMD may not be

needed under certain conditions. The following includes a brief description of

each of these pins and under what conditions the pins must be used. A brief

explanation of the CONFIG pin is also provided.

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DI (Data In) – Pin 4 (Input)

Data enters the 9XStream on the DI pin as an asynchronous serial signal. The

serial signal is idle (high) when no data is being transmitted. Each data packet

consists of a start bit (low), 8 data bits, and a stop bit (high) as shown below in

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The 9XStream modules transfer exactly 8-bits over the air. The start and stop

bits from the UART signal are not actually transmitted, but are regenerated on

the receiving module before they are sent out the serial port. This allows for

the following data configurations to be sent:

• 8-bit, no parity, 1 stop bit

• 7-bit, even parity, 1 stop bit

• 7-bit, odd parity, 1 stop bit

• 7-bit, no parity, 2 stop bits

Since the 9XStream is half-duplex, it can only transmit or receive at a given

time. Thus, once the first byte is detected on the DI pin, the 9XStream

immediately begins transmitting the incoming data unless over-the-air data is

already being received. In this case, the data on the DI pin is stored in the data

buffer until data is no longer being received at the antenna. If the 9XStream

receives a lengthy sequence of serial data (while receiving over-the-air

data), the data buffer could reach its capacity (132 bytes) in which case the

CTS signal will need to be implemented (see CTS section below).

Note: The 9600 and 19200-baud modules allow incoming serial data

to be transferred at a rate of 2400-57600 bits/second. Serial

data can be transferred to the module at a rate equal to or

less than the module’s over-the-air baud rate without any

problems. However, if the serial interface rate is set to

exceed the module’s baud rate (9600 or 19200 bps

respectively), CTS must be implemented since the data

buffer may become full.

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DO (Data Out) – Pin 3 (Output)

Data received from over-the-air transmissions is checked for errors and then

sent to the DO pin.

CTS – Pin 1 (Output)

The CTS pin (clear to send) informs the host device whether or not serial data

can be sent to the 9XStream module. When CTS registers as low, serial data

can be sent to the 9XStream module. All incoming serial data is stored in a

data buffer until the next data packet is transmitted (over-the-air). The data

buffer can hold up to 132 bytes of data. At 115 bytes, the 9XStream module

de-asserts the CTS signal (sets it high) to alert the host device to stop sending

serial data. The CTS remains de-asserted until the number of bytes in the

buffer drops below 98.

There are three cases in which the data buffer may become full:

1. When the 9600 and 19200-baud modules are configured at a higher serial

data rate than the module’s over-the-air baud rate causing the data buffer

to become momentarily full and CTS to de-assert.

2. The 9XStream module is a half-duplex transmitter/receiver. If the module

is receiving a long, continuous string of over-the-air data, any serial data

that arrives at the buffer will not be transmitted until the module no longer

detects over-the-air data.

3. If any module in a network (see Networking and Addressing) is

transmitting data, all other modules in the network will not transmit until

they finish receiving data. If the network modules receive lengthy serial

data, their data buffers may become full.

Note: In applications where none of these conditions occur, the

CTS signal need not be monitored.

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RTS/CMD – Pin 5 (Input)

RTS The RTS signal (request to send) is not implemented for flow control

with the 9XStream modules. All received data (over-the-air) is sent out the

serial port regardless of the RTS signal.

CMD The 9XStream comes with a variety of configurable settings including

power-saving modes and network addressing options. This pin may be used

as a way to manually configure the 9XStream module. When this pin is

asserted (high), incoming serial data (on the DI pin) is interpreted as

commands instead of data. (See the Command Mode section of this manual.)

CONFIG – Pin 9 (Input)

The CONFIG pin (low-asserted) is used to force the module to enter AT

Command Mode. When asserted (low), the serial port baud rate is temporarily

set to match the default baud rate of the 9XStream module. This ensures that

the module will transition into AT Command Mode at a known baud rate.

Upon entering AT Command Mode, all configured parameters, including the

baud rate, remain in their saved state and can be modified as described in the

AT Command Mode section.

IMPORTANT:DO NOT tie the CONFIG pin to an external device as it

may cause problems with module operation. The

CONFIG pin should be tied to an external switch and

used manually to enter AT Command Mode only when

the AT Command Mode cannot be entered under the

normal procedure (see the

AT Command Mode

section).

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Modes of Operation

The 9XStream wireless module features several modes of operation that allow

the module to be responsive to data and yet utilize minimum power. The

figure below shows these modes, followed by a comprehensive look into each

and the necessary conditions for the 9XStream module to transition from one

mode to another.

Figure 4

Idle Mode

The 9XStream module operates in Idle Mode when there is no data being

transmitted or received. The module transitions to Transmit Mode once data

is presented on the DI pin. If valid data is detected at the antenna, the module

will switch from Idle Mode to Receive Mode. When no longer transmitting

or receiving, the module returns to Idle Mode.

Transmit Mode

When the first byte arrives in the data buffer through the DI pin, the module

leaves Idle Mode and transitions to Transmit Mode. This transition happens

instantaneously from the moment the first byte of data arrives in the data

buffer. In Transmit Mode, a header is sent out and is followed by the first

data packet, which has a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) attached (see the

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Transmit Mode (cont.)

Data Validity section for more information). The first data packet contains

all bytes that accumulated in the data buffer while the header was being sent.

After the first data packet is sent, another header will be sent if data is

available in the buffer. The header is followed by another data packet. The

second data packet (and all subsequent data packets) will consist of data that

accumulated in the buffer while the previous data packet and header were

being sent (see Figure 5a). The size of each data packet can vary up to 64

bytes. This progression is shown in Figure 5b.

Figure 5a – Generation of data packets

Figure 5b – Transmit Mode description

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Data Validity

To verify data integrity, a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is

computed for the transmitted data and attached to the end of each data packet

before transmission. The receiver will then compute the CRC on all

incoming data. Any received data that has an invalid CRC is discarded.

Transmission Latency

The length of time required to send a packet of data depends on the number

of bytes being sent and the baud rate. In addition, modules have a

Synchronization Timer option that can be manually configured using the SY

command as discussed in the 9XStream Commands Table (Appendix E).

Modifying this parameter can significantly change the transmission latency.

See the Timing Diagrams section for more information on transmission

latencies.

Note: As outlined in Figure 5a, a header always prefaces a data

packet. The header contains information that is used by all

receivers (within range) to synchronize their hopping

patterns to the transmitter. The length of the header can be

reduced in some applications by eliminating the

synchronization information. See

Timing Diagrams

for more

information.

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Receive Mode

If over-the-air data is present at the RF receiver when the module is in Idle

Mode, it will transition to Receive Mode and start receiving packets. Once a

packet is received, it goes through a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) to

ensure that the data was transmitted correctly. If the CRC data bits on the

incoming packet are invalid, the packet is discarded. If the CRC is valid, the

packet is sent to the serial port via the DO pin. This process is shown in

Figure 6 below.

Figure 6 – Receive Mode description

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Receive Mode (cont.)

The module will remain in Receive Mode until an error is detected in the

received data, or data is no longer transmitted, at which point, the module

transitions to Idle Mode. If serial data was stored in the data buffer while the

module was in Receive Mode, the data will be transmitted after the module

returns to Idle Mode.

Sleep Mode

Sleep Mode enables the 9XStream module to go into a low-power state in

which minimal power is consumed when the module is not in use. Once in

Sleep Mode, the module will not transmit or receive data until it first returns

to Idle Mode. To enter Sleep Mode, the module must be inactive (no data

transmission or reception) for a user-defined period of time (specified by the

ST command). After this time elapses, the module transitions to Sleep

Mode. By default, Sleep Mode is disabled and must be enabled using the

SM command.

The 9XStream features several Sleep Mode settings, each of which makes

use of different mechanisms to enter or leave Sleep Mode. The table in

Appendix H lists the various Sleep Mode settings and the requirements to

transition to and from Sleep Mode for each setting.

Pin Sleep (SM=1)

After enabling the Pin Sleep setting, the Sleep pin (Pin 2) controls whether

the 9XStream is active or in Sleep Mode. If Sleep is de-asserted, the module

is fully operational. Once Sleep is asserted, the module transitions to Sleep

Mode and remains in its lowest power consuming state until the Sleep pin is

de-asserted. The 9XStream requires 85 ms to transition from Sleep Mode to

Idle Mode. The Sleep pin is only active if the module is set up to operate in

this mode; otherwise the pin is ignored. (See the SM command in the

9XStream Commands Table (Appendix E), for more information.) Once

in Pin Sleep Mode, the CTS pin (Pin 1) is de-asserted (high) to indicate that

data should not be sent to the module during this time. The TX/PWR pin

(Pin 8) is also de-asserted (low) when the module is in Pin Sleep Mode.

Serial Port Sleep (SM=2)

If this state is enabled, the module goes into Sleep Mode after a user-defined

period of inactivity (no transmitting or receiving of data). This period of

time can be changed by modifying the ST command. When the module is in

Serial Port Sleep Mode, the TX/PWR pin (Pin 8) is de-asserted (low). The

module will return to Idle Mode once a character is received on the DI pin.

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Cyclic Sleep (SM=3-7)

If the Cyclic Sleep setting is enabled, the 9XStream module goes into Sleep

Mode after a user-defined period of inactivity (no transmission or reception on

the RF channel). The user-defined period may be set by adjusting the ST

parameter (see the ST command in the 9XStream Commands Table –

Appendix E).

The module remains in Sleep Mode for a user-defined period of time ranging

from 0.5 seconds to 8 seconds (adjustable using SM command). After this

period of time, the module returns to Idle Mode and listens for a valid data

packet. If no valid data packet is found (on any channel), the module returns to

Sleep Mode. If a data packet is found, the module transitions into Receive

Mode and receives the incoming packets until another ST inactivity time out

occurs. When the module is awake, it requires 100 milliseconds to search for a

valid data packet.

While the module is in a low-power state, the CTS pin (Pin 1) is de-asserted

(high) to indicate that data should not be sent to the module during this time.

When the module awakens to listen for data, the CTS pin is asserted, and any

data received on the DI pin will be transmitted. The TX/PWR pin (Pin 8) is also

de-asserted (low) when the module is in Cyclic Sleep Mode. It is asserted each

time the module cycles into Idle Mode to listen for valid data packets, and then

de-asserts if the module returns to Sleep Mode.

Cyclic Scanning

Each RF packet consists of a header and data as shown previously in Figure 5a.

Since the header contains the channel synchronization information, the module

must wake up during the header portion of a packet in order to synchronize with

the transmitter and receive the data. To ensure that the 9XStream module can

detect the header, a long header can be sent periodically during a transmission.

This long header repeats the synchronization information for a period of time

defined by the LH command.

By default, the long header is turned off and must be enabled in order to

communicate with a module operating in Cyclic Sleep Mode. To enable the

long header, the LH parameter must be set to a value greater than the time of

cyclic sleep to ensure accurate detection by the receiver(s). For example, if the

9XStream is set to wake up from Sleep Mode every four seconds and check for

a packet, a transmitter would need to send a long header that is just over four

seconds in length to guarantee that the receiving module will detect the packet.

(Exact timing requirements can be found in the Timing Diagrams section.)

This concept of long header length versus Sleep Mode timing is displayed in

Figure 7a and b.

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Figure 7a – The length of

the long header is not as

long as the period of

Cyclic Sleep. It is possible

for the receiver to wake

and miss the header (and

the data packet) in this

scenario.

Figure 7b – The length of the

long header exceeds the

period of Cyclic Sleep. The

receiver is guaranteed to

detect and receive the data

packet.

The long header is only sent with the initial transmitted packet after a user-

defined period of inactivity (no serial data received and no over-the-air

transmitting or receiving). This period of inactivity must be adjusted using the

HT command as described in the 9XStream Commands Table (Appendix E).

Sending a long header assures that the receiver will detect the new transmission

and will be able to receive the data (as long as the header length slightly exceeds

the cyclic sleep time).

Command Mode

Command Mode allows several features, including the power-down and

addressing options, to be configured. These adjustable parameters offer greater

flexibility to designers in configuring the module to fit specific design criteria.

There are three ways to enter Command Mode:

1. Assert RTS/CMD and send a binary command.

2. Send the sequence “+++” to send AT commands.

3. Assert (low) the CONFIG pin and turn the power switch off and back on.

Important: Do not tie CONFIG pin to microprocessor. (See the

Serial Port Operation

section for more information.)

Once in Command Mode, the configurable parameters can be adjusted using

either AT commands or Binary commands, as explained below. Any parameters

that are changed while in Command Mode must be saved to non-volatile

memory using the WR command, or they will reset to their stored value upon

reset or power-up.

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Command Mode (cont.)

In these examples, sent or received ASCII characters are marked in

quotations. Quotation marks should not be included when sending

commands to the 9XStream modules. Carriage Returns (ASCII character

13) will be denoted as <CR>. Binary values are represented in this

document with < and >. These characters are also not sent as part of the

actual command. All binary values are represented as hexadecimal values

(HEX) in these examples, and are denoted by an H after the number. The

actual Binary Command values must all be sent in binary with the Least

Significant Byte (LSB) sent first followed by the Most Significant Byte

(MSB) if the value is larger than one byte.

AT Commands

The following sections contain a description of the AT and Binary Command

Modes along with some examples. In these examples, sent or received ASCII

characters are marked in quotations.

AT commands can be sent to the module using ASCII commands and

parameters. A special break sequence is used so that the module will transition

into AT Command Mode. The default sequence for entering AT Command

Mode is as follows:

• No characters sent for one (1) second.

(Time modified by BT command.)

• Three (3) plus characters (+++) sent within one (1) second.

(Character modified by CC command.)

• No characters sent for one (1) second.

(Time modified by AT command.)

The 9XStream module responds by sending an OK<CR>.

All AT commands are sent as follows:

Two (2)

Character

ASCII

Command

Optional

Space

Parameter

(HEX)

Carriage

Return

The ASCII command consists of AT followed by two alphanumeric bytes, and

the parameter is a number represented as ASCII hexadecimal characters (0-9, A-

F). The ASCII commands and parameters are not case-sensitive. The optional

space can be any non-alpha-numeric character

After executing a recognized AT command, the module responds with an

OK<CR>. If an unrecognized command or a command with a bad parameter is

received, the module will respond with an ERROR<CR>.

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AT Commands (cont.)

A modified AT value is reset upon module power-down unless the WR

command is issued to save the parameter to non-volatile memory.

To query the current value of a particular command, send the corresponding AT

command without any parameters (carriage return, however, is still sent). The

response will be the current value of that command reported as a hexadecimal

number.

The following example demonstrates basic AT Command functionality in the

9XStream module.

Example: This example will change the user-defined Module

Address to 1A0D (HEX) and check the current value of

the SM command. It will also write the new Module

Address to non-volatile memory.

SEND

RESPONSE

+++ OK<CR>

ATDT 1A0D<CR> OK<CR>

ATSM<CR> 0 <CR>

ATWR<CR>

(write to non-volatile memory)

OK<CR>

ATCN<CR>

(exit AT Command Mode)

OK<CR>

Exiting AT Command Mode

There are two ways to exit the AT command mode and return to Idle Mode. If no

valid AT commands are received within the time specified by the AT Command

Timeout parameter (CT command), the module will return to Idle Mode

automatically. Alternatively, the AT command mode can be exited by sending

the CN command.

Binary Commands

Binary command bytes are organized as follows:

1 byte

2 bytes

When sending a Binary command to the 9XStream, the Command byte must be

sent while the RTS/CMD pin (Pin 5) is asserted. RTS/CMD can be de-asserted

100 microseconds after the stop bit from the Command byte has been sent. It

does not matter whether RTS/CMD is asserted when the Parameter bytes are

sent. The command will execute when all the parameters associated with the

command have been sent. If all parameters aren’t received within 0.5 seconds

the module will return to Idle Mode.

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22 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Binary Commands (cont.)

Note: When parameters are sent, they are always two bytes long with

the Least Significant Byte sent first. When they are read, they

are 1 or 2 bytes long as indicated in the

9XStream Command

Table

(Appendix E).

Binary Command Mode allows multiple commands to be sent in sequence.

When the RTS/CMD pin is asserted, all incoming serial data will be interpreted

as commands. Commands can be sent in sequences of commands and their

associated parameters. If RTS/CMD remains asserted, all received commands

will be executed by the 9XStream module. All modified parameters must be

stored in non-volatile memory by sending the WR command (08H with no

parameters) before powering down or resetting the module or the changes will be

lost.

Commands can be queried for their current value by sending the command

logically ORed with the value 80H (hexadecimal) with RTS/CMD asserted.

When this binary value is sent (with no parameters) the current value of the

command will be sent back, through the DO pin.

Note: For the 9XStream module to recognize a Binary command, the

RT command must be issued from AT Command Mode to enable

binary programming. If binary programming is not enabled,

the module will not recognize when the RTS/CMD pin is

asserted and will therefore not recognize Binary Commands.

Example: This example will set Sleep Mode to the Pin Sleep setting

and store the new Sleep Mode value to non-volatile memory.

(Again, the RT command must be issued in AT Command

Mode to enable binary programming before Binary Command

Mode will work.)

Assert RTS/CMD (Enter command mode.)

Send bytes: (Send SM1 command)

<01H> (Command Byte - SM)

<01H> (Least significant bit of the

Parameter Bytes - 01H)

<00H> (Most significant bit of the

Parameter Bytes – 00H)

Send bytes: (Send WR command)

<08H> (Command Byte - WR)

De-assert RTS/CMD

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23 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Networking and Addressing

The 9XStream modules utilize three levels of addressing to communicate

between modules. This networking hierarchy is depicted in Figure 8 below.

Only modules with the matching addresses are able to communicate. The three

methods of addressing are: Vendor Identification number, Networks, and

Module Addresses.

Figure 8 – Layout of a typical network configuration. The 9XStream

features a powerful set of networking and addressing options allowing the

functionality of complex networking systems.

Vendor Identification Number (VID)

For network security, a unique Vendor Identification Number (VID) can be

requested. The VID is programmed into the 9XStream module at the factory and

is stored in permanent memory. This number can only be changed at the factory.

Only modules with matching VID numbers can communicate together. VID

addressing ensures that modules with a given VID are immune to either

transmissions or receptions with 9XStream modules of a different VID in the

same vicinity. To request a unique VID number, contact MaxStream to obtain a

VID Request Form.

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24 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Networks

Within each VID, there are seven available networks. Each network utilizes a

different pseudo-random hopping sequence to navigate through the shared

hopping channels. In the event that two modules from different networks collide

on a channel (because they hop in a different sequence) the two modules will

jump to separate channels on the next hop. Using networks, multiple module

pairs can operate in the same vicinity with minimal interference from each other.

The network parameter is user-definable using the HP command as described in

the 9XStream Command Table (Appendix E).

Module Address

Module Addresses and Module Address Masks provide another level of

addressing among 9XStream modules. Each module in a network can be

configured with a 16-bit Module Address to establish selective communications

within a network. This address is set to one of 65535 values using the “DT”

command. The default Module Address is 0000H.

All modules with the same Module Address can transmit and receive data among

themselves. Any modules on a network with different Module Addresses will

still detect and listen to the data in order to maintain network synchronization.

However, they will not send the data out to their serial ports if their Module

Addresses don’t match the Module Address of the transmitter. (The Module

Address Mask can be used to provide exceptions to this rule as described in the

following section.)

Module Address Mask

The Module Address Mask can be used as an additional method to facilitate

communication among modules. The Module Address Mask can also be set to

one of 65535 possible values using the MK command. The default value is

FFFFH.

All transmitted data packets contain the Module Address of the transmitting

module. When a transmitted packet is received by a module, the Transmitter

Module Address (contained in the packet) is logically “ANDed” (bitwise) with

the Receiver Module Address Mask. If the resulting value matches the

Receiver Module Address, or if it matches the Receiver Module Address Mask,

the packet is accepted. Otherwise, the packet is discarded.

Note: When performing this comparison, any “0” values in the

Receiver Module Address Mask are treated as

Irrelevant

values

and are ignored.

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25 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Module Address Mask (cont.)

Packets with a Transmitter Module Address of FFFFH are received by all

modules (as shown below in Figure 9). A Transmitter Module Address that

matches the Module Address Mask is called a Global Address.

Figure 9 – Demonstration of Module Address comparison at

receiver. FFFFH logically “ANDed” with any Module

Address Mask will equal the Module Address Mask.

Example: Consider Module A with Module Address of 00FFH and

Module Address Mask F0F0H (Figure 10).

Figure 10

Module A can receive packets from other modules in

three ways:

1. From modules with a Transmitter Module Address of

00FFH.

2. By logically “ANDing” a F0F0H Mask with the Receiver

Module Address to receive

0XFX

(HEX).

3. From an address that matches the Module Address

Mask of the module (F0F0H), or packets from a module

having a Transmitter Module Address (Global Address)

FXFX

(since the two

values in FOFOH are

insignificant

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26 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Glossary

AT commands – A set of commands that can be used to customize and

configure the 9XStream module to meet specific needs. AT commands are sent

via a serial communications program such as HyperTerminal.

Binary commands – A set of commands used to configure the 9XStream

module. Binary commands are sent with RTS/CMD asserted. The RT command

must be used to enable binary programming prior to using binary commands.

Multiple Binary commands can be issued sequentially while RTS/CMD is

asserted.

Clear to send – See CTS pin.

CMOS logic – Logic levels used by the 9XStream module (0-5V).

Command Mode – A mode of operation, which manually modifies the

configurable parameters of the 9XStream module. Both Binary and AT

command modes are available.

Command table – Table containing 23 currently implemented commands. This

table lists all of the adjustable parameters along with a brief description of each.

CRC – See Cyclic Redundancy Check.

CTS pin – The low-asserted Clear To Send pin (Pin 1) provides flow control

for the 9XStream module. When CTS is asserted (low), serial data can be sent to

the module for transmission. If the module is unable to transmit the data, CTS

may de-assert (high) once the data buffer nears capacity to prevent buffer

overflow.

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) – Used by the 9XStream module to ensure

data integrity during transmission. A CRC is computed on the bits to be

transmitted over-the-air and sent with each data packet. The CRC is recomputed

by the receiver and compared with the original CRC bits. The packet is valid if

the receiver CRC matches the CRC computed by the transmitter.

Cyclic sleep – Sleep Mode setting in which the module enters a low-power state

and awakens periodically to determine if any transmissions are being sent.

Data buffer – Collects incoming serial data prior to over-the-air data

transmission. The data buffer can hold up to 132 bytes at a given time. When

the buffer fills to 115 bytes, the Clear To Send (CTS) pin is de-asserted to stop

the flow of incoming serial data.

Data packets – A grouping of data to be sent over-the-air. Each data packet

contains a header and data that is collected from the data buffer. The size of the

packets varies up to 64 bytes depending on how many bytes of data are in the

data buffer.

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Glossary (cont.)

Data validity – Act of comparing received data with transmitted data to ensure

accurate transmission. Data validity is verified by performing a CRC check.

DI pin – All incoming serial data enters the 9XStream module on the Data In

(DI) pin (Pin 4).

DO pin – All received over-the-air data leaves the 9XStream module through the

Data Out (DO) pin (Pin 3). The data can then be sent to a microcontroller or RS-

232 device.

FCC – The Federal Communications Commission is the US government agency

responsible for regulating radio communications standards in the United States.

Flow control – Method of determining when serial data can be sent to the

module for over-the-air transmission. Flow control is used to prevent buffer

overflow. This can be implemented in hardware and/or software. Hardware

flow control is implemented in the 9XStream module using the CTS pin.

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) – Method employed by the

9XStream module which involves transmitting data over several different

channels in a specific channel hopping sequence known by the transmitter and

the receiver(s).

Half-duplex – A mode for radio operations. Radios that operate in half-duplex

are able to either transmit data or receive data at a given time, but cannot do both

simultaneously. When one module is transmitting, all modules (of the same

VID) within range listen to the transmission and will only transmit once the

transmission is complete.

Hardware flow control – See Flow Control.

Headers – Information that prefaces the data bits in transmitted data packets.

The header contains information used by the receiver(s) to synchronize to the

transmitter.

HyperTerminal – A serial communications program useful for communicating

with the 9XStream module and configuring user-defined operating parameters

through AT commands.

Idle Mode – A mode of operation in which the module is neither transmitting

nor receiving.

Industrial Temperature – Temperature tested version of 9XStream modules

extending beyond normal operating specifications (0ºC to 70ºC). These modules

are tested for a temperature range from -40ºC to 85ºC.

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Glossary (cont.)

Integration – The process of incorporating the 9XStream module into an

application in place of a serial cable.

Interface board – An optional board available with the 9XStream module that

converts RS-232-level data into CMOS logic levels.

Long header – A lengthy header (length determined by LH command – see

Appendix E) sent out to ensure that modules running in a cyclic sleep mode

detect the header when they awake and synchronize to the transmission.

Low-power modes – See Sleep Mode.

Module Addresses – Provides a layer of addressing among modules. Modules

with the same Module Addresses can communicate together.

Module Address Masks – Provide a layer of filtering to over-the-air data

packets that are received by the module. The address (of the transmitting

module) is logically “ANDed” with the Module Address Mask of the receiver.

The resulting value must match the Module Address of the receiver for the

packet to be received. All “0” values are not compared.

Networks – Provides a layer above Module Addresses for communicating

between modules. Each network has a unique hopping sequence that allows

modules on the same network to remain synchronized together.

Pin layout – Describes the layout and functionality of all pins on the 9XStream

module.

Pin sleep – A Sleep Mode setting which puts the 9XStream into a minimal

power state when the SLEEP pin is asserted. It remains in Pin sleep until the

SLEEP pin is de-asserted. This setting must be enabled using the SM command.

Power-saving modes – See Sleep Mode.

Receive Mode – A mode of operation that receives over-the-air data and

transmits all valid data packets out to the serial port. The module must be in Idle

Mode to transition to Receive Mode.

RS-232 logic – Standard logic levels implemented in devices using the RS-232

communication protocol.

RTS/CMD (Request to Send/Command) – The RTS/CMD pin (Pin 5) is used

primarily to configure Binary commands (CMD). RTS flow control is not

implemented in the 9XStream module.

Sensitivity – A measurement specification that describes how weak a signal can

be (in dBm) and still be detected by the receiver.

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Glossary (cont.)

Serial data – Data that enters the 9XStream module through its serial port.

Serial port sleep – A Sleep Mode setting in which module runs in a low power

state until data is detected on the DI pin. This setting must be enabled using the

SM command.

Sleep Mode – A mode of operation in which the 9XStream enters a low power

consuming state. Several Sleep Mode settings are available and can be

configured using the SM command.

SLEEP pin – If Pin Sleep is enabled, the SLEEP pin (Pin 2) determines if the

module is in Sleep Mode or Idle Mode. See Pin sleep.

Standby Mode – See Idle Mode.

Start bit – A low UART signal sent to signify the beginning of an eight-bit data

sequence.

Stop bit – The last bit in a UART data sequence. The stop bit is high and

indicates the end of an eight-bit data sequence.

Synchronization – Synchronization is used to ensure that the transmitter and

receiver are communicating properly with each other and following the same

channel hopping sequence.

Transmission Latency – Time required to send a packet of data. This value is

dependent on the number of bytes being sent and the baud rate of the module.

Transmit Mode – Mode of operation in which over-the-air data can be

transmitted from a module to other modules.

TTL (Transistor-transistor logic)

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) – See Serial port.

VID (Vendor Identification number) – This number allows modules with the

same VID to communicate. Any module with a different VID will not receive

their data transmissions.

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30 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Application Notes

Why does Sensitivity Matter?

Receiver sensitivity is the lowest power level at which the receiver can detect a

wave and demodulate data. Sensitivity is purely a receiver specification and is

independent of the transmitter. As the wave propagates away from the

transmitter, it attenuates as the distance increases. Lowering the sensitivity on

the receiver (making it more negative) will allow the radio to detect weaker

signals, and can thus increase the transmission range. Sensitivity is vitally

important since even slight differences in receiver sensitivity can account for

large discrepancies in the range. To better understand this relationship, the

following example is provided.

Example: Compare the MaxStream 9XStream module (with-110

dBm sensitivity) to a commercial radio receiver with a

sensitivity of –90 dBm. The Friis transmission formula

can be used to calculate received power (or signal

strength) at any receiver location under line-of-sight

conditions. This formula is given by

P(r) = received power (mW)

P(t) = transmitted power (mW)

G(t) = gain of transmit antenna (linear)

G(r) = gain of receive antenna (linear)

F(s) = fading margin (linear)

λ = wavelength (meters)

r = distance between Transmitter and Receiver (meters)

The following values were used to compare the range

limitations of these modules:

P(t) = 100mW

G(t) and G(r) = 2dB, or 1.585 linear

λ = 0.333 meters

F(s) = 21 dB, or 125.89 (experimentally determined)

The table below demonstrates the power received at the

receiver over the specified range between the TX and RX

antennas, assuming line-of-sight conditions.

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31 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Range

(meters)

Received

Power

Detectable by

9XStream module

Detectable by

commercial

radio

100 -68.526 dBm YES YES

500 -82.506 dBm YES YES

1000 -88.526 dBm YES YES

3000 -92.048 dBm YES NO

5000 -102.506 dBm YES NO

8000 -106.588 dBm YES NO

10000 -108.526 dBm YES NO

11265

(7 miles) -109.559 dBm YES NO

12000 -110.805 dBm NO NO

Since the range doubles every 6dB, the 20dB sensitivity difference in radios

corresponds to 2^(20/6) = 10.08 times the range using the MaxStream radio!

In a similar fashion, MaxStream radios offer 32 times the range of –80 dBm

radios and over 100 times the range of –70 dBm radios.

How Does the ‘SY’ Command Affect Packet Transmission?

Experiment 1 – Byte Transmission

Two 19200-baud 9XStream wireless modules were configured

with the sync timer command (SY) set to 20 ms (2 seconds)

and the transmission times were observed. One byte was sent

when the modules were out of sync and was followed (within 2

seconds) by a second byte. Figure A1 shows the observed

results from the oscilloscope. (The pulse on the transmitter is

shown in yellow and the pulse on the receiver in blue.)

Figure A1 – Oscilloscope output of first

byte on transmit and receive ends.

Figure A2 – Oscilloscope output of

second byte with SY set to 20.

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32 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Experiment 1 – Byte Transmission (cont.)

From Figures A1 and A2, it is evident that the sync timer

parameter can save significant amounts of time by reducing the

header length.

As shown in Figure A1, the first byte, which included

synchronization information in the header, was sent and

received in 41.4 ms. Once the modules were synchronized, the

second byte transmission did not have the synchronization

information included in the header. This transmission occurred

in only 10.0 ms – a savings of about 75%. This is shown on

similar testing on the 9600-baud modules showed 48.4 ms to

transmit the first byte and synchronize the modules, and 16.2

ms to transmit the second byte without synchronization

information. This experiment was followed by a second test to

note the effect of the sync timer command on transmitting a

continuous data stream.

Experiment 2 – Data Transmission

A continuous stream of 32 byte packets was sent to the

9XStream transmitter through a serial connection and then

transmitted to a 9XStream receiver located several feet away.

This experiment was performed using 19200-baud modules.

The transmission time was first measured with the modules in

their default condition, and then measured again after setting

the sync timer (SY command) to 20. The following output plots

were obtained from an oscilloscope. (Again, the signal at the

transmitter is shown in yellow, while the receiver's signal is

shown in blue.)

Figure B1 – Oscilloscope output of transmitted and received

data under normal conditions.

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33 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Experiment 2 – Data Transmission

Figure B2 – Plot of transmitted and received data after

setting the SY parameter to 20.

In Figure B1, where synchronization information was

transmitted with the data, 54.0 ms was required to transmit

each packet to the receiver. After adjusting the SY parameter to

stop sending synchronization information in the preamble,

Figure B2 shows that the same data transmission occurred in

only 26.8 ms.

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

34 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Appendix A – Packaging Information

Top view diagram of the 9XStream module

with pin layout and dimensions.

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35 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Appendix B – J1/J2 Pin Descriptions

No.

Pin Name I/O

Type

Description Active

1 _____

CTS

PU Clear to Send flow control low

2 SLEEP

(PWRDN)

Can be used to enter Sleep Mode

(See “Modes of Operation” section for

details.)

high

3 DO

(Data Out)

Data leaving the module that is sent

to the host high

4 DI

(Data In) I Data entering the 9XStream module

to be transmitted over the air high

5 RTS/CMD

Command mode enable

(See “Binary Command Mode” section for

details.)

high

________

RESET I

PU Reset module low

7 RXLED O Indicates good RF data reception high

PWR - Indicates module powered

on high

8 ___

TX/PWR O ___

TX - Asserted during transmission ↓ low

9 _______

CONFIG

PU*

Hold low during power up or reset -

forces ASCII command mode. DO

NOT TIE TO

MICROPROCESSOR!

(See “Serial Port Operation” section for

details.)

low

10 VCC I +5 VDC -

11 GND - Signal ground -

PU – 10kΩ Pull-Up Resistor

PD – 10kΩ Pull-Down Resistor

* CONFIG signal has a 47kΩ Pull-Up Resistor

J2 Pin Descriptions

Pin Signal

1 GND

2 GND

3 GND

4 GND

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36 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Appendix C – Specifications

X09-009 X09-019

General

Frequency Range 902 to 928 MHz, unlicensed ISM Band

Type Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Transceiver

Frequency Control Direct FM

Transport Protocol Various Monitoring and Addressing Modes – see “Networking and

Addressing” section

Channel Capacity Hops through 25 channels. Features 7 different hop

sequences.

Serial Data Interface Asynchronous CMOS (TTL) signals, 5V levels

Serial Interface Baud

Rate

Configurable from 2400-

57600 bps

*1200 bps available

Configurable from 2400-

57600 bps

Data Throughput 9600 bps 19200 bps

Performance

Channel Data Rate 10k 20k

Transmit Power

Output

100mW 100mW

Rx Sensitivity -110 dBm –107 dBm

Range* Indoor: 600’ to 1500’

Outdoor: 7mi. with dipole,

over 20 mi. with high gain

antenna

Indoor: 425’to 1060’

Outdoor: 5 miles with dipole,

over 14 miles with high gain

antenna

Interference

Rejection

70 dB at pager and cellular phone frequencies

Power Requirements

Supply Voltage 5 VDC +/-0.25V

Current Consumption Tx – 150 mA nominal, Rx – 50 mA nominal

Power Down mode – less than 1 microamp

Other cyclic power-down modes available – see “Low Power

Modes” section

Physical Properties

Board Size 1.6” x 2.85” x .35” (4.06 x 6.86 x .89) cm

Weight 0.8oz (24g)

Connectors 11 pin and 4 pin 0.1” spaced male Berg type headers

Operating

Temperature

Standard: 0ºC to 70ºC

Industrial version: -40ºC to 85ºC available

Antennas

Antenna Connector MMCX Female or Reverse Polarity SMA Male

Approved Antennas Integral wire antenna (factory installed)

1/4 wave flexible monopole

1/2 wave flexible dipole, SMA

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37 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Appendix D – Product Listing

MMCX – No Antenna MMCX – Wire Antenna SMA – No Antenna

X09-009NM, X09-019NM X09-009WM, X09-019WM X09-009NS, X09-019NS

¼ Wave Antenna MMCX ½ Wave Antenna MMCX ½ Wave Antenna SMA

A09-QBMM-3-P6I A09-HBMM-7-P6I A09-HASM-675

900 MHz Modules

Product Code Description

X09-009NM 9600-baud, no wire mount antenna, MMCX connector

X09-009WM 9600-baud, wire mount antenna, MMCX connector

X09-009NS 9600-baud, no wire mount antenna, SMA connector

X09-009WS 9600-baud, wire mount antenna, SMA connector

X09-019NM 19200-baud, no wire mount antenna, MMCX connector

X09-019WM 19200-baud, wire mount antenna, MMCX connector

X09-019NS 19200-baud, no wire mount antenna, SMA connector

X09-019WS 19200-baud, wire mount antenna, SMA connector

Package Kits

X09-009PK 9600-baud, Package

X09-019PK 19200-baud, Package

Development Kits

X09-009DK 9600-baud, Development Kit

X09-019DK 19200-baud, Development Kit

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38 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Appendix D – Product Listing (cont.)

Antennas

Product Code Gain

(dBi)

Frequency

Range

(MHz)

Feed

Connect

Description

Yagi Antennas

A09-Y6 6.2 896 – 980 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-Y7 7.2 902 – 928 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-Y8 8.2 902 – 928 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-Y9 9.2 902 – 928 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-Y10 10.2 902 – 928 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-Y11 11.2 902 – 928 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-Y12 12.2 902 – 928 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-Y13 13.2 902 – 928 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-Y14 14.2 902 – 928 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-Y15 15.2 902 – 928 RPSMAF Yagi

A09-W7 7.2 902 – 928 RPSMA Base Station

A09-M7 7.2 902 – 928 RPSMA Base Station

A09-F2 2.2 902 – 928 RPSMA Base Station

A09-F5 5.2 902 – 928 RPSMA Base Station

A09-F8 8.2 902 – 928 RPSMA Base Station

A09-F9 9.2 902 – 928 RPSMA Base Station

Whip Antennas

A09-HASM-

675

2.1 902 – 928 RPSMA ½ wave Whip

A09-HBMM-7-

P6I

2.1 902 – 928 MMCX ½ wave Whip

A09-QBMM-3-

P6I

1.9 902 – 928 MMCX ¼ wave Whip

A09-QI 1.5 902 – 928 Integrated ¼ wave wire

NOTE: If using an external antenna, the wire antenna should be removed from the 9XStream

module.

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39 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Appendix E – 9XStream Commands

Command

Binary

Command

Number

Version

Description Parameters

# Bytes

Returned

Factory

Default

DT 0

4.08 Set the Module Address. (Only

modules with the same address can

communicate.)

Range: 0 – FFFFH 2 0

1 4.08 Adjust Sleep Mode Setting 0 - No Sleep

1 – Pin Sleep

2 – Serial Port Sleep

3 – Cyclic 0.5 second

4 – Cyclic 1.0 second

5 – Cyclic 2.0 second

6 – Cyclic 4.0 second

7 – Cyclic 8.0 second

1 0

ST 2 4.08 Set time to Sleep. Time of

inactivity before entering Sleep

Mode (This number is only valid

in Cyclic and Serial Port Sleep

settings).

Range: 10 – FFFFH

(tenths of a second)

2 64H

HT 3 4.08 Set time before long header. Time

of inactivity (no serial or over-the-

air data is transmitted or received)

before a long header is used. The

default value (FFFFH) means no

long header will be sent.

Range: 0 – FFFFH

(tenths of a second)

2 FFFFH

BT 4 4.08 Set silence time before command

sequence.

Range: 0 – FFFFH

(tenths of a second)

2 AH

AT 5 4.08 Set silence time after command

sequence.

Range: 0 – FFFFH

(tenths of a second)

2 AH

CT 6 4.08 Set time out from AT Command

Mode. Returns to Idle Mode from

AT Command Mode if no valid

commands have been received

within this time period.

Range: 0 – FFFFH

(tenths of a second)

2 C8H

FL 7 4.08 Set serial software flow control.

(Hardware flow control (CTS) is

always on.)

1- No software flow

control

1- use software

flow control

1 0

WR 8 4.08 Write all configurable parameters

to non-volatile memory. All

settable parameters are stored.

NA NA NA

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Appendix E – 9XStream Commands (cont.)

Command

Binary

Command

Number

Version

Description Parameters

# Bytes

Returned

Factory

Default

CN 9 4.08 Exit AT Command Mode. NA NA NA

E1 11 4.08 Enable character echo in AT

command mode.

NA NA NA

12 4.08 Transmit header time. Used to

adjust the length of the long

header.

Range: 0 – FFH

(tenths of a second)

1 1H

FH 13 4.08 Force header on next transmit. NA NA NA

RE 14 4.08 Restore defaults configuration. NA NA NA

ER 15 4.08 Set Receive Error Count. This

value is reset to 0 after every reset.

It is not non-volatile. Once this

counter reaches FFFFH, it remains

there until reset.

Range: 0 – FFFFH 2 0

GD 16 4.08 Set Receive Good Count. This

value is reset to 0 after every reset.

It is not non-volatile. Once this

counter reaches FFFFH, it remains

there until reset.

Range: 0 – FFFFH 2 0

HP 17 4.08 Set Network number. Each

Network uses a different hop

sequence. Seven different

Network numbers are available.

This can be used to operate

independent networks of 9XStream

modules in the same vicinity.

Range: 0 – 6 1 0

MK 18 4.08 Set Module Address Mask. Only

bits set to ‘1’ are used in the

address comparison between the

transmitter’s address and that of

the receiver. A global address is

an address that has the same bits

set as the Address Mask.

Range: 0 – FFFFH 2 FFFFH

CC 19 4.08 Set command sequence character.

The parameters determine the

ASCII command sequence

character used to enter AT

Command Mode.

Range: 20H – 7FH 1 2BH

(‘+’)

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

41 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Appendix E – 9XStream Commands (cont.)

Command

Binary

Command

Number

Version

Description Parameters

# Bytes

Returned

Factory

Default

VR 20 4.08 Firmware version NA 2 NA

BD 21

4.08 Set Serial Baud Rate (bps). Use

to adjust the serial port baud

rate. The new baud rate will

not take effect until the ATCN

command is issued. If the BD

command is issued in Binary

Command Mode, it must be

stored using the WR command,

and the new baud rate will take

affect after resetting the

module.

Range: 1 - 6

1 - 2400

2 - 4800

3 - 9600

4 - 19200

5 - 38400

6 - 57600

RT 22

4.10 RTS/CMD Control. This

command must be used to turn

on binary programming if

Binary Command Mode will be

used. (By default, binary

programming is disabled, so

any commands sent in Binary

Command Mode will not be

understood until binary

programming is enabled.)

0 – Disable binary

programming.

1 – Enable binary

programming.

1 0

SY 23

4.12 Set Sync Timer. This time

represents the time that the

transmitter and receiver stay in

sync after receiving or sending

data. Setting this parameter to

20 (14H) will allow any module

to transmit within the next 2

seconds utilizing a header of

8ms instead of 35ms. Use this

parameter to speed up

communication latency and

turn-around time.

Range: 0 –FFH

(tenths of a second)

1 0

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

42 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Appendix F – Timing Diagrams

Pin Timings

Sleep Mode Timings

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

43 Confidential and Proprietary, ©MaxStream, Inc. 2001

Appendix G – Electrical Characteristics

DC Characteristics

(Vcc=4.75V to 5.25V)

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typical Max Units

VIL Input Low

Voltage

All input signals -0.5 0.3*Vcc V

VIH

Input High

Voltage

________

(Except RESET) 0.6*Vcc Vcc+0.5 V

VIH2 Input High

Voltage

________

(RESET) 0.9*Vcc Vcc+0.5 V

VOL

Output

Low

Voltage

IOL=20mA Vcc=5V 0.6 V

VOH

Output

High

Voltage

IOH=-3mA Vcc=5V 4.2 V

IIL

Input

Leakage

Current I/O

Vcc=5V, pin low

(abs. value)

(Except CTS, DO,

RESET, CONFIG)

8.0 uA

IIH

Input

Leakage

Current I/O

Vcc=5V, pin high

(abs. value)

(Except RTS/CMD)

980 nA

IIL2

____ ________

CTS, DO, RESET

(Vcc-VI)/10 mA

IIL3 _________

CONFIG (Vcc-VI)/47 mA

IIH2 RTS/CMD VI/10 mA

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

Appendix G – Electrical Characteristics (cont.)

AC Characteristics

Pin Timings (SY=0)

Symbol Description X09-019 19200 Timing*

(B = Number of Bytes)

X09-

009

9600 Timing*

(B = Number of

Bytes)

(T measured in ms)

TR1 Latency from the

time data is

transmitted until

received.

54 ms For 0<B<64,

T=41.6+(0.4*B)

For B>63,

T=66.8 ms

72.0 ms For 0<B<40,

T=46.27+(0.73*B)

For B>=39 bytes,

T=74.8 ms

TTA1 Latency from when

serial data enters

the DI pin to when

it is actually

transmitted over-

the-air.

1.6 ms For all B,

T=1.6 ms

2.0 ms For all B,

T=2.0 ms

TTA2 Latency of over-

the-air data

transmission.

52.4 ms For all B,

T=38.8 + (0.4*B) +

0.8

70 ms For all B,

T=41.8+(0.8*B) +

1.6

TP1 Time duration of

header bits in data

packet.

31.04 ms For all B,

T=38.8 ms

41.8 ms For all B,

T=41.8 ms

TP2 Time duration of

data bits in data

packet.

12.8 ms For all B,

T=0.4B ms

25.6 ms For all B,

T=0.8B ms

TP3 Time duration of

CRC bits in data

packet.

0.83 ms For all B,

T=0.8 ms

1.6 ms For all B,

T=1.6 ms

TTL1 Time from when

data packet is

transmitted until

TX/PWR first

pulses low.

46.4 ms For 0<B<12,

T=37.8 ms

For 11<B<65,

T=33.3+(0.39*B) ms

For B>64,

T=58.4 ms

55.6 ms For 0<B<12,

T=39.8 ms

For 11<B<35,

T=30.52+(0.77*B)

For B>34 bytes,

T=56.8 ms

TTL2 Time that

TX/PWR pin is

driven low (when

red LED flashes).

8.4 ms For 0<B<14,

T=3.24+(0.4B)

For B>13,

T=8.48 ms

16.8 ms For 0<B<14,

T=6.5+(0.8*B) ms

For B>13,

T=16.8 ms

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

AC Characteristics

Pin Timings (SY=0) (cont.)

Symbol Description X09-019 19200 Timing*

(B = Number of Bytes)

X09-

009

9600 Timing*

(B = Number of

Bytes)

(T measured in ms)

TRL1 Time from when

data packet is

transmitted until

RXLED pin first

goes high on

receiver.

40.6 ms For all B,

T=39.6 ms

44.5 ms For all B,

T=44.5 ms

TRL2 Time that RXLED

pin is driven low

(when yellow LED

flashes).

13.6 ms For 0<B<65,

T=0.79+(0.408*B)

For B>64,

T=26.9 ms

25.6 ms For 0<B<37,

T=1.63+(0.794*B)

For B>36,

T=30.2 ms

* Note: The timing formulas are approximations over a specified range of bytes. They are

accurate to within 1 – 2 milliseconds.

Pin Timings (SY = 10)

Symbol Description X09-019 19200 Timing

Formulas*

(B = Number of Bytes)

X09-

009

9600 Timing

Formulas*

(B = Number of

Bytes)

(T measured in ms)

TR1 Latency from the

time data is

transmitted until

received.

12.2 ms For 0<B<9,

T=9.0+(0.4*B)

For B>8,

T=12.2 ms

19.4 ms For 0<B<6,

T=15.5+(0.775*B)

For B>5 bytes,

T=19.4 ms

TTA1 Latency from when

serial data enters

the DI pin to when

it is actually

transmitted over-

the-air.

1.6 ms For all B,

T=1.6 ms

2.0 ms For all B,

T=2.0 ms

TTA2 Latency of over-

the-air data

transmission.

32.8 ms For all B,

T=TP1+ (0.4*B) +

0.8

61.7 ms For all B,

T=TP1+(0.8*B) +

1.6

TP1 Time duration of

header bits in data

packet.

19.2 ms For B<9,

T=6.9 ms

For 8<B<29,

34.5 ms For B<6,

T=11.8 ms

For 5<B<22,

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

T=13.2 ms

For 28<B<54,

T=19.2 ms

T=23.2 ms

For 21<B<45,

T=34.5 ms

AC Characteristics

Pin Timings (SY=10) (cont.)

Symbol Description X09-019 19200 Timing

Formulas*

(B = Number of Bytes)

X09-

009

9600 Timing

Formulas*

(B = Number of

Bytes)

(T measured in ms)

TP2 Time duration of

data bits in data

packet.

12.8 ms For all B,

T=0.4B ms

25.6 ms For all B,

T=0.8B ms

TP3 Time duration of

CRC bits in data

packet.

0.83 ms For all B,

T=0.8 ms

1.6 ms For all B,

T=1.6 ms

TTL1 Time from when

data packet is

transmitted until

TX/PWR first

pulses low.

6.04 ms For all B,

T=6.04 ms

9.08 ms For all B,

T=9.08 ms

TTL2 Time that TX/PWR

pin is driven low

(when red LED

flashes).

6.44 ms For 0<B<9,

T=3.24+(0.4*B)

For B>8,

T=6.44 ms

11.3 ms For 0<B<6,

T= 6.5+(0.8*B)

For B>5,

T=11.3 ms

TRL1 Time from when

data packet is

transmitted until

RXLED pin first

goes high on

receiver.

8.44 ms For all B,

T=8.44 ms

14 ms For all B,

T=14 ms

TRL2 Time that RXLED

pin is driven low

(when yellow LED

flashes).

4.28 ms For 0<B<10,

T 0.8+(0.4*B)

For B>9,

T=4.28 ms

5.68 ms For 0<B<6,

T=1.6+(0.82*B)

For B>5,

T=5.68 ms

* Note: The timing formulas are approximations over a specified range of bytes. They are

accurate to within 1 – 2 milliseconds.

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

Cyclic Sleep Mode Timings

Symbol Description 19200-baud 9600-baud

T∆S Time when module is listening for a valid

header to start receiving data.

100 ms 100 ms

TSL Time where the 9XStream is in its low

power cyclic sleep. This time is adjustable

using the SM command.

0.5 seconds

1.0 seconds

2.0 seconds

4.0 seconds

8.0 seconds

(depends on SM)

0.5 seconds

1.0 seconds

2.0 seconds

4.0 seconds

8.0 seconds

(depends on SM)

TC Total period between successive pulses of

the module awakening from Sleep Mode.

This value is dependent on the setting of the

SM command.

0.6 seconds

1.1 seconds

2.1 seconds

4.1 seconds

8.1 seconds

(depends on SM)

0.6 seconds

1.1 seconds

2.1 seconds

4.1 seconds

8.1 seconds

(depends on SM)

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

Appendix H – Sleep Mode Settings

Sleep

Settings

Transition to Sleep

Mode

Return to

Idle Mode

Sleep Current Configure

Commands

Sleep

Mode

None. The module

remains in Idle Mode.

(Default Setting)

50 mA

Sleep

High on SLEEP pin

(pin 2).

Low on

SLEEP pin.

<2 uA SM

Serial

Port

Sleep

Automatic transition

after a user-defined

period of module

inactivity (no

transmitting or

receiving of data). Set

by ST command.

Any serial

byte received

on DI pin.

1 mA SM, ST

Cyclic

Sleep

Automatic transition

after a user-defined

period of module

inactivity (no

transmitting or

receiving of data). Set

by ST command.

Periodically

returns to

Idle Mode

0.5 Cyclic:

Min: 60µA

Max: 40mA

Avg: 7.4mA

2.0 Cyclic:

Min: 60µA

Max: 35.7mA

Avg: 2.07mA

8.0 Cyclic:

Min: 60µA

Max: 35.56mA

Avg: 630 µA

1.0 Cyclic:

Min: 60µA

Max:

35.7mA

Avg: 4mA

4.0 Cyclic:

Min: 60µA

Max:

35.7mA

Avg: 1.1mA

SM, ST, LH,

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

Appendix I – Module Part Numbers

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

Using the 9XStream Development Kit

Introduction:

Use this development kit to experience the extended range and ease of use of

the MaxStream 9XStream module. This module transmits data at either

9600 or 19200 bits per second (see FCC label on module shield) in the

license-free 900MHz ISM band. See how simple it is to communicate with

the module using asynchronous serial communications by following the

instructions below.

Contents:

2 9XStream Frequency Hopping modules

2 Interface Boards

2 9 VDC power supplies

2 DB-9 straight through serial cables

1 Null modem adapter

1 3.5" floppy disk containing file RAT.TXT

Requirements:

Two (2) computers with an available COM port and Windows 95/98

or NT.

Figure 1 – MaxStream PC

Interface Board

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

Instructions:

1. Assemble and Connect Interface Boards to computers.

a. Connect the modules to the Interface Boards by fitting the 4 and 11-pin

connectors into their respective female headers.

b. Attach the male sides of one of the DB-9 Connecting Cables to the

female DB-9 jacks on the Interface Boards.

c. Attach the female side of a DB-9 connecting cable to an available RS-

232 port on the back of Computer 1. Connect Module 2 to Computer 2

in the same fashion.

d. Plug power supplies into the Interface Boards. Turn the switch on. The

red LEDs on the Interface Boards will illuminate to show the boards

are powered.

e. Refer to figure 1 for completed assembly.

2. Run and configure HyperTrm.exe on both computers

a. Open the folder on the Start Menu found under Programs ->

Accessories -> Communications -> HyperTerminal.

b. Double-click on the application HyperTrm.exe and choose a

name and an icon for the new connection in the Connection

Description dialogue box.

c. In the Connect To dialogue box on each computer, select

Connect using: Direct to Com1 or Direct to Com2 to correspond

with the COM port used on the respective computers (see figure

2) . Click OK.

d. In the COM Properties dialogue box, set the following: Bits

per second: 19200; Data bits: 8; Parity: None; Stop Bits: 1 and

Flow Control: Hardware (See figure 3). Click OK. (Set the Bits

per second to 9600 if you are using 9XStream-96 modules)

e. Both computers are now set up and ready to communicate.

Figure 2 –Connect To Dialogue

Box

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

Instructions (cont.)

3. Test Connection

a. Place cursor in HyperTerminal window of Computer 1 and type

a message. Notice that text appears only in the window of

Computer 2 and text typed on Computer 2 appears only on

Computer 1. This text is being transferred over the air by the

9XStream modules.

b. Transfer the file RAT.TXT

i. On Computer 1: Select Transfer menu -> Send File(or

try right-clicking in the HyperTerminal window). Insert

the disk into the A: drive and enter Filename:

A:\RAT.TXT Select Protocol: Ymodem (See figure 4).

Press Send.

Figure 3 – COM Properties

Dialo

ue Box

Figure 4 – Send File Dialogue

Box

Figure 5 – Receive File

Dialogue Box

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

Instructions (cont.)

ii. On Computer 2: Select Transfer menu -> Receive File.

Select a folder in which to place the file and select

Protocol: Ymodem (see figure 5). Press Receive.

iii. The file will begin to transfer and any errors or retries

will be accounted for. Touch the antennas and move the

modules around to notice that errors or retries do occur

under certain circumstances.

iv. When the transfer completes, open RAT.TXT on

Computer 2 and observe the pattern of text, it will be

easy to see if any characters were lost or corrupted.

v. Any file can be transferred this way. Use either

Xmodem or Ymodem protocol. Both computers must

have the same settings.

c. Try range testing by distancing the two computers from each

other. The modules can send and receive data up to 10 miles line

of sight using gain antennas.

4. Problems (Trouble Shooting)

a. Can’t find the HyperTerminal on your computer?

i. Search your hard drive for HyperTrm.exe

ii. Download a free version from http://www.hilgraeve.com

b. Power LED doesn’t illuminate when battery clip is attached?

i. Replace the battery.

c. Cannot connect to the comm port or communication not working?

i. Try selecting another comm port by selecting Properties

under the File menu.

ii. If necessary test the comm ports with a null modem cable

(cross RX and TX) between the two computers to verify

operation of comm ports.

d. Characters are getting scrambled?

i. Verify that both comm ports are set match the baud rate of the

modules being tested. Probably 9600 baud or 19200 bits per

second. Look for the baud rate on the FCC sticker, 96 or 192

respectively.

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

Index

Addressing, 2, 9, 22, 36

Alphanumeric, 19

Antenna, 4, 8, 11, 25, 30, 36, 37, 38

ASCII, 19, 35, 41

Asserted, 9, 10, 15, 17, 20, 21, 26, 28

Asynchronous, 5, 7, 8, 49

AT commands, 18, 19, 20, 26, 27

Authorization, 25

Baud rate, 8, 9, 10, 13, 29, 42, 52

Binary commands, 18, 26, 28

Clear to send, 26

CMD, 7, 10, 20, 21, 26, 28, 44

CMOS, 7

CMOS logic, 26, 28

COM port, 7

Command Mode, 2, 10, 18, 19, 20, 21, 26, 35,

40, 41, 42

Command table, 26

Communicate, 7, 17, 22, 28, 29, 39, 49, 50

Communications, 4, 23, 26, 27, 49

CONFIG, 7

CRC, 11, 13, 14, 26, 27

CTS, 7, 8, 9

CTS pin, 9, 15, 17, 26, 27

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC), 26

Cyclic sleep, 26

Data buffer, 26

Data packets, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 26, 45

Data validity, 27

De-asserted, 15, 17, 20, 28

DI pin, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15, 17, 27, 29, 46

DO pin, 7, 9, 14, 21, 27

FCC, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 25, 27, 49, 52

FCC Compliance, 4

FCC Rules, 4

FHSS, 6, 27

Flow control, 27

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

(FHSS), 27

Half-duplex, 5, 8, 27

Hardware flow control, 27, 40

Header, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 26, 27, 28, 31, 39,

40, 42, 45

HEX, 19, 20, 24

HyperTerminal, 26, 27, 50, 51, 52

Idle Mode, 2, 11, 14, 15, 17, 20, 27, 28, 29, 40,

Industrial Temperature, 27

Integration, 2, 6, 28

Interface board, 28

Interference, 4, 6, 23

Label, 4

Latency, 13, 42

Least Significant Byte, 19, 21

Licensing, 6

Long header, 28

Low-asserted, 7, 10, 26

Low-power modes, 6, 28

LSB, 19

Module Address Mask, 2, 23, 24, 28, 41

Module Address Masks, 23, 28

Module Addresses, 22, 23, 28

MSB (Most Significant Byte) , 19

Networking, 2, 6, 9, 22, 36

Networks, 2, 22, 23, 28

OEM, 4

Packet, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 23, 26, 28, 29, 31

PC Serial Port, 6

Pin layout, 28

Pin sleep, 28, 29

Product Integration, 6

Receive Mode, 2, 11, 14, 15, 17, 28

Receiver Module Address, 23, 24

Redundancy, 13, 14, 26

RS-232, 7

RS-232 logic, 28

RTS, 2, 7, 10, 18, 20, 21, 26, 28, 35, 42, 44

RTS/CMD (Request to Send/Command), 2, 7,

10, 18, 20, 21, 26, 28, 35, 42, 44

Sensitivity, 28, 30, 36

Serial data, 29

Serial Pins, 7

Serial Port, 7

Serial port sleep, 29

Sleep Mode, 2, 15, 17, 21, 26, 28, 29, 35, 39, 43,

45, 46

SLEEP pin., 46

SM command, 15, 17, 20, 28, 29, 45

Spread spectrum, 7

Standby Mode, 29

Start bit, 29

Stop bit, 8, 29

Synchronization, 13, 17, 23, 29, 31

Transmission Latency, 2, 13, 29

Transmit, 5, 7, 8, 9, 15, 23, 26, 27, 30, 31, 40,

Transmit Mode., 11

Transmitter Module Address, 23, 24

TTL (Transistor-transistor logic), 29

UART, 6, 7, 8

VID, 2, 22, 23, 27, 29

VID (Vendor Identification number), 29

VID Request Form, 22

volatile memory, 18, 20, 21, 40

MaxStream 9XStream™ Wireless OEM Module Manual v2.8

MaxStream 9XSTREAM 9XSTREAM Wireless OEM Module User Manual

MaxStream Inc. 9XSTREAM Wireless OEM Module

User Manual

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