MaxStream 9XTEND 9XTEND OEM RF Module User Manual XStream OEM RF Module
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![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 XTend™ OEM RF Module The XTend OEM RF Module is MaxStream’s longest range drop-in wireless solution. The module transfers a standard asynchronous serial data stream between two or more modules and sustains RF data rates up to 120,000 bps. Features Long Range 1 Watt Power Output (1 mW – 1 W, variable) Range (@ 9600 baud): • Indoor/Urban: up to 3000’ (900 m) • Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 14 miles (22 km) w/ dipole antenna • Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 40 miles (64 km) w/ high gain antenna Range (@ 115200 baud): • Indoor/Urban: up to 1500’ (450 m) • Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 7 miles (11 km) w/ dipole antenna • Outdoor line-of-sight: up to 20 miles (32 km) w/ high gain antenna Easy-to-Use 2.8 to 5.5 V power supply Continuous RF data stream up to 115.2 kbps No configuration required Advanced configurations available through standard AT Commands Transparent Operation (Wireless links replace serial wires) Portable (small form-factor easily designed into a wide range of data radio systems) Software-selectable I/O interfacing rates MODBUS, , , , (& more) I/O Support Support for multiple data formats (parity, start and stop bits, etc.) XII™ Interference Immunity Power-saving Shutdown & Sleep Modes Free & Unlimited Technical Support Receiver Sensitivity: -110 dBm (@ 9600 baud), –100 dBm (@ 115200 baud) Advanced Networking & Security True Peer-to-Peer (no “master” required), Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint & Multidrop Retries and Acknowledgements 10 hopping channels, each with over 65,000 network addresses available FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) 256-bit AES Encryption (Refer to KY Command [p30]) Worldwide Acceptance FCC Pending (USA) [Refer to Appendix A for FCC Requirements] Systems that contain XTend Modules inherit MaxStream’s FCC Certification IC (Industry Canada) Pending ISM (Industrial, Scientific & Medical) license-free 902-928 MHz frequency band Manufactured under ISO 9001:2000 registered standards © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 4](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-4.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Specifications Table 1.1. XTend OEM RF Module XTend 900 MHz OEM RF Module Specifications Performance @ 10,000 bps RF Data Rate @ 120,000 bps RF Data Rate Transmit Power Output (software selectable using PL Command) 1 mW - 1 W (software selectable) 1 mW - 1 W (software selectable) Indoor/Urban Range Up to 3000’ (900 m) Up to 1500’ (450 m) Outdoor RF line-of-sight Range Up to 14 miles (22 km) w/ dipole antenna Up to 40 miles (64 km) w/ high-gain antenna Up to 7 miles (11 km) w/ dipole antenna Up to 20 miles (32 km) w/ high-gain antenna I/O Serial Data Rate (Baud) 1200 – 230400 bps (Software selectable) 1200 – 230400 bps (Software selectable) Sustained Throughput 115,200 bps 115,200 bps RF Data Rate (software selectable using BR Command) 10,000 bps 120,000 bps Receiver Sensitivity -110 dBm -100 dBm Receive Current 80 mA (@ 10000 bps) 80 mA (@ 120000 bps) Shutdown Mode Power Down < 1 µA < 1 µA Pin Sleep Power Down 147 µA 147 µA 16 sec cyclic sleep (SM=8) 0.8 mA 0.3 mA 8 sec cyclic sleep (SM=7) 1.4 mA 0.4 mA 4 sec cyclic sleep (SM=6) 2.6 mA 0.6 mA 2 sec cyclic sleep (SM=5) 4.8 mA 0.9 mA Idle Currents 1 sec cyclic sleep (SM=4) 8.7 mA 1.6 mA General Frequency 902-928 MHz Spread Spectrum FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) Modulation FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) Supported Network Topologies Peer-to-Peer (“Master/Slave” relationship not required), Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint & Multidrop Channel Capacity 10 hop sequences share 50 frequencies Encryption 256-bit AES Encryption – Refer to the KY Command [p30] to implement Physical Properties Module Board Size 1.44” x 2.38” x 0.20” (3.65 cm x 6.03 cm x 0.50 cm) Weight 0.64 oz (18 g) Connector 20-pin Operating Temperature -40 to 85º C (industrial) Antenna Connector Options RPSMA (Reverse-polarity SMA) or MMCX Impedance 50 ohms unbalanced Certifications (visit www.maxstream.net or call (801) 765-9885 for complete list government agency approvals) FCC Part 15.247 Pending Industry Canada (IC) Pending Table 1.2. XTend OEM RF Module Specifications – Relative to user-selected TX Power Output Power Requirements (Supply voltage and TX currents relative to each TX Power Output option) Transmit Power Output 1 mW 10 mW 100 mW 500 mW ** 1 W ** Supply Voltage 2.8 – 5.5 VDC 3.0 – 5.5 VDC 4.75 – 5.5 VDC Transmit Current (5 V) typical 110 mA 140 mA 270 mA 500 mA 730 mA Transmit Current (3.3 V) typical 90 mA 110 mA 260 mA 600 mA * * 1W Power Output is not supported when using a 3.3 supply voltage. ** If the supply voltage for a given power setting is lower than the minimum supply voltage requirement (as shown in Table 1.2), the TX Power Output will decrease to the highest power level setting given the current supply voltage. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 5](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-5.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Pin Signals Figure 1.1. XTend OEM RF Module Pin Numbers Table 1.3. Pin Signal Descriptions (Low-asserted signals distinguished with a horizontal line over signal name.) Pin Number Mnemonic I/O High Impedance during ShutdownMust Connect Function 1 GND - - yes Ground 2 VCC I - yes Power: 2.8 – 5.5 VDC General Purpose Output 2: <Default (CD=2)> Pin is driven low. Refer to the CD Command [p26] for other configuration options. 3 GPO2 / RX LED O yes - RX LED: Pin is driven high during RF data reception; otherwise, the pin is driven low. Refer to the CD Command [p26] to enable. 4 _PWR O yes - Transmit_Power: Pin pulses low during RF transmission; otherwise, the pin is driven high to indicate power is on and the module is not in Sleep or Shutdown Mode. 5 DI I yes yes Data In: Serial data entering the module (from the UART host). Refer to the Serial Communications [p9] section for more information. 6 DO O yes - Data Out: Serial Data exiting the module (to the UART host). Refer to the Serial Communications [p9] section for more information. 7 I no yes Shutdown: Pin is driven high during operation and low during Shutdown. Shutdown enables the lowest power mode (< 1 µA) available to the module. Refer to the Shutdown Mode [p13] section for more information. General Purpose Input 2: reserved for future use 8 GPI2 / SLEEP I yes - SLEEP: By default, SLEEP is not used. To configure this pin to enable Sleep Modes, refer to the Sleep Mode [p14], SM Command [p37] & PW Command [p33] sections. General Purpose Output 1: reserved for future use (Clear-to-Send): <Default (CS=0)> When pin is driven low, the UART host is permitted to send serial data to the module. Refer to the Serial Communications [p9] & CS Command [p27] sections for more information. 9 GPO1 / / RS-485 TX EN O yes - RS-485 Transmit Enable: To configure this pin to enable RS-485 half and full duplex communications. Refer to the Serial Communications [p9] & CS Command [p27] sections. General Purpose Input 1: reserved for future use (Request-to-Send): By default, is not used. To configure this pin to regulate the flow of serial data exiting the module, refer to the Serial Communications [p9] & RT Command [p36] sections. 10 GPI1 / / CMD I yes - CMD (Command): By default, CMD is not used. To configure this pin to enable binary command programming, refer to the Binary Commands [p16] & RT Command [p36] sections. I* no - Configuration: Pin can be used as a backup method for entering Command Mode during power-up. Refer to the Command Mode [p15] section for more information. 11 / RSSI O* no - Receive Signal Strength Indicator: By default, pin is used as an RSSI PWM output after at the conclusion of the power-up sequence. Refer to the RP Command [p35] for more information. 12-20 reserved / do not connect * Module has 10K Ω internal pull-up resistor ** Module has 10K Ω internal pull-down resistor *** Module has 100K Ω internal pull-up resistor Note: When integrating the XTend Module with a Host PC Board, all lines that are not used should be left disconnected (floating). © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 6](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-6.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Flow Control Figure 2.3. Internal Data Flow Diagram (The five most commonly-used pin signals shown.) DI (Data In) Buffer and Flow Control When serial data enters the XTend Module through the DI Pin (pin 5), the data is stored in the DI Buffer until it can be transmitted. When the RB and RO parameter thresholds are satisfied (refer to Transmit Mode section [p11] for more information), the module attempts to initialize an RF connection. If the module is already receiving RF data, the serial data is stored in the module’s DI Buffer. The DI buffer stores at least 2.1 KB. If the DI buffer becomes full, hardware or software flow control must be implemented in order to prevent overflow (loss of data between the host and XTend Module). Two cases in which the DI Buffer may become full and possibly overflow: 1. If the serial interface data rate is set higher than the RF data rate of the module, the module will receive data from the host faster than it can transmit the data over-the-air. 2. If the module is receiving a continuous stream of RF data or if the module is monitoring data on a network, any serial data that arrives on the DI pin (pin 5) is placed in the DI Buffer. The data in the DI buffer will be transmitted over-the-air when the module no longer detects RF data in the network. How to eliminate the need for flow control: 1. Send messages that are smaller than the DI buffer size. The size of the DI buffer varies according to the packet size (PK parameter) and the parity setting (NB parameter) used. 2. Interface at a lower baud rate (BD parameter) than the RF data rate (BR parameter). Hardware Flow Control ( ). When the DI buffer is 17 bytes away from being full; by default, the module de-asserts (high) to signal to the host device to stop sending data [refer to FT (Flow Control Threshold, p29) and CS (GPO1 Configuration, p27) Commands.]. is re-asserted after the DI Buffer has 34 bytes of memory available. Software Flow Control (XON). XON/XOFF software flow control can be enabled using the FL (Software Flow Control) Command [p28]. This option only works with ASCII data. DO (Data Out) Buffer & Flow Control When RF data is received, the data enters the DO buffer and is sent out the serial port to a host device. Once the DO Buffer reaches capacity, any additional incoming RF data is lost. The DO buffer stores at least 2.1 KB. Two cases in which the DO Buffer may become full and possibly overflow: 1. If the RF data rate is set higher than the interface data rate of the module, the module will receive data from the transmitting module faster than it can send the data to the host. 2. If the host does not allow the module to transmit data out from the DO buffer because of being held off by hardware or software flow control. Hardware Flow Control ( ). If is enabled for flow control (RT Parameter = 2, p36), data will not be sent out the DO Buffer as long as (pin 10) is de-asserted. Software Flow Control (XOFF). XON/XOFF software flow control can be enabled using the FL (Software Flow Control) Command [p28]. This option only works with ASCII data. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 10](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-10.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Modes of Operation XTend OEM RF Modules operate in six modes. Figure 2.4. XTend Modes of Operation Module can only be in one mode at a time. Idle Mode When not receiving or transmitting data, the module is in Idle Mode. The module uses the same amount of power in Idle Mode as it does in Receive Mode. The module shifts into the other modes of operation under the following conditions: • Serial data is received in the DI Buffer (Transmit Mode) • Valid RF data is received through the antenna (Receive Mode) • Command Mode Sequence is issued (Command Mode) • Sleep Mode condition is met (Sleep Mode) • Shutdown condition is met (Shutdown Mode) The module automatically transitions back to Idle Mode after responding to these conditions. Transmit Mode When the first byte of serial data is received from the UART in the DI buffer, the module attempts to shift to Transmit Mode and initiate an RF connection with other modules. After transmission is complete, the module returns to Idle Mode. RF transmission begins after either of the following criteria is met: 1. RB bytes have been received by the UART and are pending for RF transmission [RB (Packetization Threshold) Command, p33]. 2. At least one character has been received by the UART and is pending for RF transmission; and RO character times of silence been observed on the UART [RO (Packetization Timeout) Command, p34]. The character timeout trigger can be disabled by setting RO to zero. In this case, transmission will not begin until RB bytes have been received and are pending for RF transmission. The RB parameter may be set to any value between 1 and the RF packet size (PK (Max RF Packet Size, p32), inclusive. Note that transition to Transmit Mode cannot take place during RF reception; the RF reception must complete before the radio can transition into Transmit Mode. If RB or RO conditions are met, the module initializes a communications channel. Serial data in the DI buffer is grouped into RF packets (up to 2048 bytes in each packet, refer to PK Command), converted to RF data and is transmitted over-the-air until the DI buffer is empty. Channel initialization is the process of sending an RF initializer that synchronizes receiving modules with the transmitting module. During channel initialization, incoming serial data accumulates in the DI buffer. RF data, which includes the payload data, follows the RF initializer. The payload includes up to the maximum packet size (PK Command) bytes. As the TX module nears the end of the transmission, it inspects the DI buffer to see if more data exists to be transmitted. This could be the case if more than PK bytes were originally pending in the DI buffer or if more bytes arrived © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 11](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-11.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 from the UART after the transmission began. If more data is pending, the transmitting module assembles a subsequent packet for transmission. Refer to the RF Communication Options [p17] section for information and state diagrams that illustrate channel initialization and the sequence of events that follow. The XTend Module supports the following RF Communication Options: • Streaming Mode • Acknowledged Mode • Multi-Transmit Mode RF Packet Figure 2.5. RF Packet Components * When streaming multiple RF packets, the RF Initializer is only sent in front of the first packet. RF Initializer An RF initializer is sent each time a new connection sequence begins. The RF initializer contains channel information that notifies receiving modules of information such as the hopping pattern used by the transmitting module. The first transmission always sends an RF initializer. An RF initializer can be of various lengths depending on the amount of time determined to be required to prepare a receiving module. For example, a wake-up initializer is a type of RF initializer used to wake remote modules from Sleep Mode (Refer to the FH, LH, HT and SM Commands for more information). The length of the wake-up initializer should be longer than the length of time remote modules are in cyclic sleep. Header The header contains network addressing information that filters incoming RF data. The receiving module checks for matching a VID, Hopping Channel and Destination Address. Data that does not pass through all three network filter layers is discarded. Figure 2.6. Network Layers Contained in the Header CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) To verify data integrity and provide built-in error checking, a 16-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is computed for the transmitted data and attached to the end of each RF packet. On the receiving end, the receiving module computes the CRC on all incoming RF data. Received data that has an invalid CRC is discarded [See Receive Mode section, next page]. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 12](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-12.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Receive Mode If a module detects RF data while operating in Idle Mode, the module transitions into Receive Mode to start receiving RF packets. Once a packet is received, the module checks the CRC (cyclic redundancy check) to ensure that the data was transmitted without error. If the CRC data bits on the incoming packet are invalid, the packet is discarded. If the CRC is valid, the packet proceeds to the DO Buffer. Figure 2.7. Receive Mode Data Flow * Refer to the Addressing Options [p17] section of the RF Communication Options section for more information about address recognition. The module returns to Idle Mode when valid RF data is no longer detected or after an error is detected in the received RF data. If serial data is stored in the DI buffer while the module is in Receive Mode, the serial data will be transmitted after the module is finished receiving data and returns to Idle Mode. Shutdown Mode Hardware Sleep For applications where power consumption must be kept to a minimum during idle periods, Shutdown Mode offers the lowest power mode available to the module. When the pin (pin 7) is driven low, the module is forced into shutdown mode. Any communication in progress (transmit or receive) will be halted and any buffered data will be lost. For any other mode of operation, must be driven or pulled high. While in shutdown mode, the module’s VCC pin draws less than 1 µA. Immediately after the pin changes state from low to high, the module resets. After reset, there is a delay that must be observed. See reset section for the delay time. While pin is driven low, the following pins are set to high impedance by the module: DCD, TX_PWR, RX LED, DO and (See pin signal descriptions, p6). The line (also used for RSSI indication) is driven low during shutdown. The following input pins may continue to be driven by external circuitry when in shutdown mode: PIN_PWR_DWN, , DI and . Note: Because the DO pin also goes high impedance, if the XTend Module is connected to a processor, the UART receive pin could be floating. A weak pull-up should be placed between the module and the microcontroller so that data isn’t interpreted as being transmitted to the microprocessor. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 13](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-13.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Sleep Mode Software Sleep Sleep Modes enable the XTend Module to operate at minimal power consumption when not in use. Three Sleep Mode options are available: • Pin Sleep (Host Controlled) • Serial Port Sleep (Wake on Serial Port activity) • Cyclic Sleep (Wake on RF activity) For the module to transition into Sleep Mode, the module must have a non-zero SM (Sleep Mode) Parameter and one of the following must occur: 1. The module is idle (no data transmission or reception) for a user-defined period of time [See ST (Time before Sleep) Command, p39]. 2. SLEEP pin (pin 8) is asserted (only for Pin Sleep option). In Sleep Mode, the module will not transmit or receive data until the module first transitions to Idle Mode. All Sleep Modes are enabled and disabled using SM Command. Transitions into and out of Sleep Modes are triggered by various mechanisms as shown in the table below. Table 2.1. Summary of Sleep Mode Configurations Sleep Mode Setting Transition into Sleep Mode Transition out of Sleep Mode Related Commands Typical Power Consumption Pin Sleep (SM = 1) A microcontroller can shut down and wake modules by asserting (high) SLEEP pin (pin 8). Note: The module will complete a transmission or reception even if Pin Sleep is activated. De-assert (low) SLEEP pin (pin 8). SM 147 µA Serial Port Sleep (SM = 2) Automatic transition to Sleep Mode occurs after a user-defined period of inactivity (no transmitting or receiving of data). The period of activity is defined using the ST (Time before Sleep) Command. When serial byte is received on the DI pin (pin 5). SM, ST 10 mA Cyclic Sleep (SM = 4-8) Automatic transition to Sleep Mode occurs in cycles as defined by the SM (Sleep Mode) Command. Note: The cyclic sleep time interval must be shorter than the “Wake-up Initializer Timer” (set by LH Command). After the cyclic sleep time interval elapses. Note: Module can be forced into Idle Mode if PW (Pin Wake-up) Command is issued. HT, LH, PW, SM, ST 1.6 mA (when sleeping, SM=4, 1 sec, @120,000 baud) For more information about Sleep Modes, refer to the individual commands listed in “Related Commands” column of the table. SM Command is the best starting point for implementing Sleep Mode configurations. Refer to the Hardware Sleep entry of the Shutdown Mode section [previous page] to enable the module’s lowest power-consuming state (1 µA power down current). © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 14](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-14.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Command Mode To set or read module parameters, the module must first enter “Command Mode” (state in which incoming characters are interpreted as commands). Two command types are available for use: • AT Commands • Binary Commands For modified parameter values to persist in the module registry, changes must be saved to non-volatile memory using WR (Write) Command. Otherwise, parameters are restored to previously saved values when the module is powered off and then on again. AT Commands To Enter AT Command Mode: 1. Send the 3-character command sequence “+++” and observe guard times before and after the command characters. [See “Default AT Command Mode Sequence” below.] The “Terminal” tab (or other serial communications software) of the X-CTU Software can be used to enter the sequence. [OR] 2. Assert (low) the pin and turn the power going to the module off and back on (or pulse the pin). [If the module is mounted to a MaxStream XTIB-R Interface Board, press the configuration switch down for 2 seconds.] Default AT Command Mode Sequence (for transition to Command Mode): • No characters sent for one second [see BT (Guard Time Before) Command] • Input three plus characters (“+++”) within one second [see CC (Command Sequence Character) Command.] • No characters sent for one second [see AT (Guard Time After) Command.] To Send AT Commands: Send AT commands and parameters using the syntax shown below: Figure 2.8. Syntax for sending AT Commands NOTE: To read a parameter value stored in a register, leave the parameter field blank. The preceding example would change the module Destination Address to “1F”. To store the new value to non-volatile (long term) memory, subsequently send the Write (ATWR) Command before powering off the module. System Response. When a command is sent to the module, the module will parse and execute the command. Upon successful execution of a command, the module returns an “OK” message. If execution of a command results in an error, the module returns an “ERROR” message. To Exit AT Command Mode: 1. Send ATCN (Exit Command Mode) Command. [OR] 2. If no valid AT Commands are received within the time specified by CT (Command Mode Timeout) Command, the Module automatically returns to Idle Mode. For an example that illustrates programming the module using AT Commands, refer to the “Advanced Programming” chapter [p22]. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 15](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-15.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 RF Communication Options The XTend OEM RF Module can be configured to operate in any of three RF communication modes: Streaming, Acknowledged and Multi-Transmit. The mode is defined by parameters stored in the transmitting module [see table below]. Receiving modules automatically adapt to the correct mode on a per-packet basis, based on the contents of each received packet. Table 2.2. Mode in Relation to Transmitting Module Parameter Values RF Communication Mode RR Parameter Value MT Parameter Value Streaming 0 0 Acknowledged >= 1 0 Multi-transmit Ignored >= 1 Addressing Options In all the RF communication modes, transmission may be addressed to a specific module or group of modules using the DT (Destination Address) and MK (Address Mask) commands. A receiving module will only accept a packet if it determines the packet is addressed to it, either as a global or local packet. The receiving module makes this determination by inspecting the destination address of the packet and comparing it to its own address and address mask [Figure 2.10] Figure 2.10. Address Recognition (@ the Receiving Module) The transmitting module determines whether the packet is intended for a specific node (local address) or multiple nodes (global address) by comparing the packet’s destination address (DT) and its own address mask (MK) [Figure 2.11]. It is assumed that the address masks on the transmitting module and receiving module have been programmed to the same value for proper operation in each RF Communication Mode. Figure 2.11. Address Recognition (@ the Transmitting Module) © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 17](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-17.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Streaming Mode Attributes: Highest data throughput Lowest latency and jitter Reduced immunity to interference Streaming mode transmissions never acknowledged by receiving module(s) Required Parameter Values (TX Module): RR (Retries) = 0 Related Commands: Networking (DT, MK, MY), Serial Interfacing (PK, RB, RO, TT) Recommended Use: Mode is most appropriate for data that is more sensitive to latency and/or jitter than it is to occasional packet loss. For example: streaming audio or video. Streaming Mode Connection Sequence Figure 2.12. Streaming Mode State Diagram When streaming data, RB and RO parameters are used only on the first packet. After transmission begins, the TX event will continue uninterrupted until the DI buffer is empty or the streaming limit (TT Command) is reached. As with the first packet, the pof each subsequepacket includes up tthe maximum packsize (PK Command). The streaming limayload nt o et it is ule as specified by the transmitting modthe maximum number of bytes the transmitting module can send in one transmission event. If the TT parameter is reached, the transmitting module will force a random delay of 1 to RN delay slots (exactly 1 delay slot if RN=0). Events through the “Transmit Packet” process are common to all RF communication options. Refer to the Transmit Mode section [p11] for more information. Subsequent packets are sent without an RF initializer since receiving modules stay synchronized with the transmitting module for the duration of the transmission event (from preceding packet information). However, due to interference, some receiving modules may lose data (and synchronization to the transmitting module), particularly during long transmission events. Once the transmitting module has sent all pending data or has reached the TT limit, the transmission event ends. The transmitting module will not transmit again for exactly RN delay slots if the local (i.e. transmitting module’s) RN parameter is set to a non-zero value. The receiving module(s) will not transmit for a random number of delay slots between 0 and (RN-1) if the local (i.e. receiving module’s) RN parameter is set to a non-zero value. These delays are intended to lessen congestion following long bursts of packets from a single transmitting module, during which several receiving modules may have become ready to transmit. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 18](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-18.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Acknowledged Mode Attributes: Reliable delivery through positive acknowledgements for each packet Throughput, latency and jitter vary depending on the quality of the channel and the strength of the signal. Required Parameter Values (TX Module): RR (Retries) >= 1 Related Commands: Networking (DT, MK, RR), Serial Interfacing (PK, RN, RO, RB, TT) Recommended Use: Use when Reliable Delivery is required between wireless links. If messages are smaller than 256 bytes, use RB and RO commands to align RF packets to application packets. Acknowledged Mode Connection Sequence Figure 2.13. Acknowledged Mode State Diagram P f After sending a packet while in acknowledged mode, the transmitting module listens for an acknowledgement. If it receives the ACK, it will either move on to sending a subsequent packet (if more transmit data is pending), or will wait for exactly RN random dslots before allowing anothetransmission (if no more data is pending to be transmitIf the transmitelay r ted). ting module does lot. t of s. not receive the ACK within the allotted time, it will retransmit the packet with a new RF initializer following the ACK sThere is no delay between the first ACK slot and the first retransmission. Subsequenretransmissions incur a delaya random number of delay slots, between 0 and RN. If RN is set to 0 on the transmitting module, there are never any back-off delays between retransmissionNote that during back-off delays, the transmitting module will go into Idle Mode and may receive RF data. This can have the effect of increasing the back-off delay, as the radio cannot return to RF transmit (or retransmit) mode as long as it is receiving RF data. Events through the “Transmit acket” process are common to all RF communication options. Refer to the Transmit Mode section [p11] or more information. After receiving and acknowledging a packet, the receiving module will move to the next frequency and listen for either a retransmission or new data, for a specific period of time. Even if the transmitting module has indicated that it has no more pending transmit data, it may have not received the previous ACK, and so may retransmit the packet, possibly with no delay after the ACK slot. In this case, the receiving module will always detect the immediate retransmission, which will hold off the communications channel and thereby reduce collisions. Receiving modules acknowledge each retransmission they receive, but they only pass the first copy of a packet they receive out the UART. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 19](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-19.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Multi-Transmit Mode Attributes: Reliable Delivery through forced transmission of every RF packet Every RF packet is sent exactly (MT + 1) times with no delays between packets Diminished throughput and increased latency Required Parameter Values (TX Module): MT (Multi-Transmit) >= 1 Other Related Commands: Networking (DT, MK, MY, RN, TT), Serial Interfacing (BR, PK, RB, RO), RF Interfacing (FS) Recommended Use: Use for applications that require Reliable Delivery without using retries and acknowledgements. Multi-Transmit Mode Connection Sequence Figure 2.14. Acknowledged Mode State Diagram Events through the “Transmit Packet” process are common to all RF communication options. Refer to the Transmit Mode section [p11] for more information. In Multi-Transmit mode, each packet is retransmitted MT times, for a total of (MT+1) transmissions. There is no delay between retransmissions, and the transmitting module will never receive RF data between retransmissions. Each retransmission includes an RF initializer. A transmission event may include follow-on packets, each of which will be retransmitted MT times. The Forced Sync (FS) parameter is ignored in multiple-transmission mode. The RB and RO parameters are not applied to follow-on packets, meaning that once transmission has begun, it will continue uninterrupted until the DI buffer is empty or the streaming limit (TT) has been reached. As with the first packet, the payload of each follow-on packet includes up to the maximum packet size (PK) bytes, and the transmitting module checks for more pending data near the end of each packet. Follow-on packets are not sent until all retransmissions of the previous packet are finished. The streaming limit (TT) is specified at the transmitting module as the maximum number of bytes that the transmitting module can send in one transmission event, which may consist of many packets. If the TT parameter is reached, the transmitting module will force a random delay of 1 to RN delay slots (exactly 1 delay slot if RN is zero). In Multi-Transmit mode, each packet is counted only once when tracking the streaming limit (TT), no matter how many times it is retransmitted. When a receiving module receives a Multi-Transmit packet, it calculates the amount of time remaining in the Multi-Transmit event, and inhibits its own transmissions for the duration of the Multi-Transmit event, plus a random number of delay slots between 0 and (RN-1). If the local RN parameter is zero, the delay is only for the calculated duration of the Multi-Transmit event. Thus, a receiving module need only receive one of the transmissions, and it will keep off the channel until the transmitting module is done. If follow-on packets are coming, the receiving modules will move to the new frequency and listen for the follow-on packet for a specific period of time. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 21](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-21.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Advanced Programming Programming the Module For information about entering and exiting AT and Binary Command Modes, refer to the Command Mode section [p15]. AT Command Example To Send AT Commands (Using the Terminal tab of MaxStream’s X-CTU Software) Example: Both of the following examples change the module’s destination address to 0x1A0D and save the new address to non-volatile memory. <CR> stands for “Carriage Return” or “Enter” key. Method 1 (One line per command) Send AT Command System Response +++ OK <CR> (Enter into Command Mode) ATDT<Enter> 0 <CR> (Read current destination address) ATDT1A0D< Enter> OK <CR> (Change destination address) ATWR<Enter> OK <CR> (Write to non-volatile memory) ATCN<Enter> OK <CR> (Exit Command Mode) Method 2 (Multiple commands on one line) Send AT Command System Response +++ OK <CR> (Enter into Command Mode) ATDT<Enter> 0 <CR> (Read current destination address) ATDT1A0D,WR,CN<Enter> OK <CR> (Execute commands) Note: In order to use a host PC and the X-CTU Software Terminal tab to send data to the module, the PC com port settings must match module parameter values: baud (serial data rate), parity & stop bits. Use the “PC Settings” tab to configure PC com port settings to match module parameter values. [Refer to BD (Baud Rate) and NB (Parity) Commands for module parameter values.] Binary Command Example To Send Binary Commands: Example: Use binary commands to change the XTend Module’s destination address to 0x1A0D and save the new address to non-volatile memory. 1. RT Command must be set to “1” in AT Command Mode to enable binary programming. 2. Assert CMD (Pin 10 is driven high). (Enter Binary Command Mode) 3. Send Bytes: 00 (Send DT (Destination Address) Command) 0D (Least significant byte of parameter bytes) 1A (Most significant byte of parameter bytes) 08 (Send WR (Write) Command) 4. De-assert CMD (Pin 10 is driven low) (Exit Binary Command Mode) Note: (pin 9) is high when command is being executed. Hardware flow control must be disabled as will hold off parameter bytes. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 22](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-22.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Command Descriptions (short) Table 3.1. XTend Commands (“d” denotes decimal equivalent) AT Command Binary Command AT Command Name Parameter Range Command Category # Bytes Returned Factory Default %V 0x3B (59d) Board Voltage 0x2CCCA – 0x5BFFA [read-only] Diagnostics 2 - AM 0x40 (64d) Auto-set MY 0 – 0xFFFF Networking & Security 2 - AT 0x05 (5d) Guard Time After 2 - (ATST-3) [x 100 msec] Command Mode Options 2 0x0A (10d) BD 0x15 (21d) Baud Rate (Serial Data Rate) 0 - 8 Serial Interfacing 1 3 BR 0x39 (57d) RF Data Rate 0 - 1 RF Interfacing 1 1 BT 0x04 (4d) Guard Time Before 0 – 0xFFFF [x 100 msec] Command Mode Options 2 0x0A (10d) CC 0x13 (19d) Command Sequence Character 0x20 - 0x7F Command Mode Options 1 0x2B [“+”] (43d) CD 0x28 (40d) GPO2 Configuration 0 - 2 Serial Interfacing 1 2 CF - Number Base 0 - 2 Command Mode Options 1 1 CN 0x09 (9d) Exit Command Mode - Command Mode Options - - CS 0x1F (31d) GPO1 Configuration 0 - 4 Serial Interfacing 1 0 CT 0x06 (6d) Command Mode Timeout 2 – 0xFFFF [x 100 ms] Command Mode Options 2 0xC8 (200d) DB 0x36 (54d) Received Signal Strength 0x6E to 0x28 [read-only] Diagnostics 1 - DT 0x00 (0d) Destination Address 0 - 0xFFFF Networking & Security 2 0 E0 0x0A (10d) Echo Off - Command Mode Options - - E1 0x0B (11d) Echo On - Command Mode Options - - ER 0x0F (15d) Receive Error Count 0 – 0xFFFF Diagnostics 2 0 FH 0x0D (13d) Force Wake-up Initializer - Sleep (Low Power) - - FL 0x07 (7d) Software Flow Control 0 - 1 Serial Interfacing 1 0 FS 0x3E (62d) Forced Sync Time 1 – 0xFFFF [x 10 msec] RF Interfacing 2 0 FT 0x24 (36d) Flow Control Threshold 0 – DI Buffer size (bytes) Serial Interfacing 2 varies GD 0x10 (16d) Receive Good Count 0 – 0xFFFF Diagnostics 2 0 HP 0x11 (17d) Hopping Channel 0 - 9 Networking & Security 1 0 HT 0x03 (3d) Time before Wake-up Initializer 0 – 0xFFFF [x 100 msec] Sleep (Low Power) 2 0xFFFF (65535d) HV - Hardware Version 0 – 0xFFFF [read-only] Diagnostics 2 0x14FF (5375d) ID 0x27 (39d) Modem VID 0 - 0x7FFF (user-settable) 0x8000 - 0xFFFF [factory-set] Networking & Security 2 0x3332 (13106d) KY 0x3C (60d) AES Encryption Key 0 – (Any other 64-digit hex valid key) Networking & Security 2 0 LH 0x0C (12d) Wake-up Initializer Timer 0 – 0xFF [x 100 msec] Sleep (Low Power) 2 1 MK 0x12 (18d) Address Mask 0 - 0xFFFF Networking & Security 2 0xFFFF (65535d) MT 0x3D (61d) Multi-Transmit 0 – 0xFF Networking & Security 1 0 MY 0x2A (42d) Source Address 0 - 0xFFFF Networking & Security 2 0xFFFF (65535d) NB 0x23 (35d) Parity 0 - 4 Serial Interfacing 1 0 PK 0x29 (41d) Maximum RF Packet Size 1 – 0x800 [Bytes] RF Interfacing 2 0x800 (2048d) PL 0x3A (58d) TX Power Level 0 - 4 RF Interfacing 1 4 [1 Watt] PW 0x1D (29d) Pin Wake-up 0 - 1 Sleep (Low Power) 1 0 RB 0x20 (32d) Packetization Threshold 1 - Current value of PK Serial Interfacing 2 0x800 (2048d) RC - Ambient Power - Single Channel 0 – 0x31 [dBm, read-only] Diagnostics 1 - RE 0x0E (14d) Restore Defaults - (Special) - - RM - Ambient Power - All Channels No parameter – 0x7D0 [read-only] Diagnostics 2 - RN 0x19 (25d) Delay Slots 0 – 0xFF (slots) Networking & Security 1 0 RO 0x21 (33d) Packetization Timeout 0 – 0xFFFF [x UART character time] Serial Interfacing 2 3 RP 0x22 (34d) RSSI PWM Timer 0 – 0xFF [x 100 msec] Diagnostics 1 0x20 (32d) RR 0x18 (24d) Retries 0 – 0xFF Networking & Security 1 0x0A (10d) RT 0x16 (22d) GPI1 Configuration 0 - 2 Serial Interfacing 1 0 SB 0x37 (55d) Stop Bits 0 - 1 Serial Interfacing 1 0 SH 0x25 (37d) Serial Number High 0 – 0xFFFF [read-only] Diagnostics 2 varies SL 0x26 (38d) Serial Number Low 0 – 0xFFFF [read-only] Diagnostics 2 varies SM 0x01 (1d) Sleep Mode 0 - 2, 4 - 8; 3 reserved Sleep (Low Power) 1 0 ST 0x02 (2d) Time before Sleep (ATAT+3) – 0x7FFF [x 100 msec] Sleep (Low Power) 2 0x64 (100d) TP 0x38 (56d) Board Temperature 0 – 0x7F [read-only] Diagnostics 1 - TR 0x1B (27d) Delivery Failure Count 0 – 0xFFFF [read-only] Diagnostics 2 0 TT 0x1A (26d) Streaming Limit 0 – 0xFFFF [0 = disabled] Networking & Security 2 0 TX 0x3F (63d) Transmit Only 0 - 1 RF Interfacing 1 0 VL - Firmware Version - verbose Returns string Diagnostics - - VR 0x14 (20d) Firmware Version 0 - 0xFFFF [read-only] Diagnostics 2 - WA - Active Warning Numbers Returns string Diagnostics - - WN - Warning Data Returns string Diagnostics - - WR 0x08 (8d) Write - (Special) - - WS - Sticky Warning Numbers Returns string Diagnostics - - * Firmware version in which the command and parameter options were first supported. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 23](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-23.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Command Descriptions (long) Commands in this section are listed alphabetically. Command categories are designated between the “< >” symbols that follow each command title. By default, XTend Modules expect numerical values in hexadecimal since the default value of the CF (Number Base) Parameter is ‘1’. Hexadecimal values are designated by the “0x” prefix and decimal values by the “d” suffix. %V (Board Voltage) Command <Diagnostics> %V Command is used to read the current voltage of the XTend Module circuit board. AT Command: AT%V Binary Command: 0x3B (59 decimal) Parameter Range (read-only): 0x2CCCA – 0x5BFFA (2.80 – 5.75 decimal) Number of bytes returned: 2 Sample Output: 5.02 V (when ATCF = 0) 5051F (when ATCF = 1) * 5.02 (when ATCF = 2) * When CF = 1 (default), a hex integer is shown that is equal to (voltage * 65536d). AM (Auto-set MY) Command <Networking & Security> AM Command is used to automatically set the MY (Source Address) parameter from the factory-set module serial number. The address is formed with bits 29, 28 and 13-0 of the serial number (in that order). The value is displayed as a result of this command. AT Command: ATAM Binary Command: 0x40 (64 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF AT (Guard Time After) Command <Command Mode Options> AT Command is used to set/read the time-of-silence that follows the command sequence character (CC Command). By default, 1 second must elapse before and after the command sequence character. AT Command: ATAT Binary Command: 0x05 (5 decimal) Parameter Range: 2 – (ATST-3), up to 0x7FFC [x 100 milliseconds] Default Parameter Value: 0x0A (10 decimal) Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: BT (Guard Time Before), CC (Command Sequence Character) The default sequence used to enter AT Command Mode is as follows: • No characters sent for 1 second [BT (Guard Time Before) Command] • Send three plus characters “+++” [CC (Command Sequence Character) Command] • No characters sent for 1 second [AT (Guard Time After) Command] All of the values in this sequence can be adjusted. AT Command is used to adjust the period of silence that follows the command sequence character. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 24](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-24.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 BD (Baud Rate) Command AT Command: ATBD Binary Command: 0x15 (21 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 8 Parameter Value BAUD (bps) Configuration 0 1200 1 2400 2 4800 3 9600 4 19200 5 38400 6 57600 7 115200 8 230400 Default Parameter Value: 3 Number of bytes returned: 1 <Serial Interfacing> BD Command is used to set/read the UART I/O serial data rate (the rate at which serial data is sent to the module). Newly modified serial data rates do not take effect until the module exits Command Mode [refer to CN (Exit Command Mode) and CT (Command Mode Timeout) Commands]. The RF data rate is not affected by the BD Command. Note: If the serial data rate is set to exceed the fixed RF data rate of the XTend module, flow control may need to be implemented. Refer to the Pin Signals [p6] and CS (GPO1 Configuration Command [p27] sections for more information. BR (RF Data Rate) Command AT Command: ATBR Binary Command: 0x39 (57 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 1 Parameter Value BAUD (bps) Configuration 0 10,000 1 120,00 Default Parameter Value: 1 Number of bytes returned: 1 <RF Interfacing> BR Command is used to set/read the RF data rate (rate that RF data is transmitted over-the-air) of the module. BT (Guard Time Before) Command <Command Mode Options> BT Command is used to set/read the time-of-silence that precedes the command sequence character (CC Command) of the AT Command Mode Sequence. AT Command: ATBT Binary Command: 0x04 (4 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF [x 100 milliseconds] Default Parameter Value: 0x0A (10 decimal) Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: AT (Guard Time After), CC (Command Sequence Character) The default sequence used to enter AT Command Mode is as follows: • No characters sent for 1 second [BT (Guard Time Before) Command] • Send three plus characters “+++” [CC (Command Sequence Character) Command] • No characters sent for 1 second [AT (Guard Time After) Command] All values in the sequence can be modified. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 25](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-25.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 CC (Command Sequence Character) Command <Command Mode Options> CC Command is used to set/read the ASCII character used between Guard Times of the AT Command Mode Sequence (BT+ CC + AT). The AT Command Mode Sequence activates AT Command Mode (from Idle Mode). AT Command: ATCC Binary Command: 0x13 (19 decimal) Parameter Range: 0x20 – 0x7F Default Parameter Value: 0x2B (ASCII “+” sign) Number of bytes returned: 1 Related Commands: AT (Guard Time After), BT (Guard Time Before) The default sequence used to enter AT Command Mode is as follows: • No characters sent for 1 second [BT (Guard Time Before) Command] • Send three plus characters “+++” [CC (Command Sequence Character) Command] • No characters sent for 1 second [AT (Guard Time After) Command] All of the values in this sequence can be adjusted. CD (GPO2 Configuration) Command AT Command: ATCD Binary Command: 0x28 (40 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 2 Parameter Value Configuration 0 RX LED 1 Default high 2 Default low Default Parameter Value: 2 Number of bytes returned: 1 <Serial Interfacing> CD Command is used to select/read the behavior of the GPO2 line (pin 3). CF (Number Base) Command AT Command: ATCF Binary Command: 0x1F (31 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 2 Parameter Value Configuration 0 Commands utilize default number base; decimal commands may output units 1 All commands are forced to unsigned, unit-less hex 2 Commands utilize their default number base; no units are output Default Parameter Value: 1 Number of bytes returned: 1 <Command Mode Options> CF command is used to set/read command formatting setting. The following commands are always entered and read in hex, no matter the CF setting: VR (Firmware Version), HV (Hardware Version), KY (AES Encryption Key). CN (Exit Command Mode) Command <Command Mode Options> CN Command is used to explicitly exit AT Command Mode. AT Command: ATCN Binary Command: 0x09 (9 decimal) © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 26](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-26.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 E1 (Echo On) Command <Command Mode Options> E1 Command turns on the character echo in AT Command Mode. Each typed character will be echoed back to the terminal when ATE1 is active. E0 is the default. AT Command: ATE1 Binary Command: 0x0B (11 decimal) ER (Receive Error Count) Command <Diagnostics> Set/Read the number of receive-errors. The error count records the number of packets partially received then aborted on a reception error. This value returns to 0 after a reset and is not non-volatile (Value does not persist in the module’s memory after a power-up sequence). Once the Receive Error Count reaches its maximum value (up to 0xFFFF), it remains at its maximum count value until the maximum count value is explicitly changed or the module is reset. AT Command: ATER Binary Command: 0x0F (15 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF Default Parameter Value: 0 Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: GD (Receive Good Count) The ER parameter is not reset by pin, serial port or cyclic sleep modes. FH (Force Wake-up Initializer) Command <Sleep (Low Power)> FH Command is used to force a Wake-up Initializer to be sent on the next transmission. WR (Write) Command does not need to be issued with FH Command. AT Command: ATFH Binary Command: 0x0D (13 decimal) Use only with cyclic sleep modes active on remote modules. FL (Software Flow Control) Command AT Command: ATFL Binary Command: 0x07 (7 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 1 Parameter Value Configuration 0 Disable software flow control 1 Enable software flow control Default Parameter Value: 0 Number of bytes returned: 1 <Serial Interfacing> FL Command is used to configure software flow control. Hardware flow control is implemented with the XTend Module as the GP01 pin (pin 9, ), which regulates when serial data can be transferred to the module. FL Command can be used to allow software flow control to also be enabled. XON character used is 0x11 (17 decimal). XOFF character used is 0x13 (19 decimal). FS (Forced Synch Time) Command <RF Interfacing> FS Command only applies to streaming data. Normally, only the first packet of a continuous stream has the full RF initializer. The modules then remain synchronized for subsequent packets of the stream. This parameter can be used to periodically force an RF initializer during such streaming. Any break in UART character reception long enough to drain the DI Buffer (UART receive buffer) and cause a pause in RF data transmission will also cause an RF initializer to be inserted on the next transmission. AT Command: ATFS Binary Command: 0x3E (62 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF [x 10 milliseconds] Default Parameter Value: 0 Number of bytes returned: 2 © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 28](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-28.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 FT (Flow Control Threshold) Command <Serial Interfacing> Set/Read the flow control threshold. When FT bytes are in the received in the DI buffer, or XOFF software flow control is asserted. AT Command: ATFT Binary Command: 0x24 (36 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – (Receive buffer size minus 0x11 bytes) Default Parameter Value: DO Buffer size minus 0x11 (decimal 17) Number of bytes returned: 2 GD (Receive Good Count) Command <Diagnostics> Set/Read the count of good received RF packets. Parameter value is reset to 0 after every reset and is not non-volatile (Value does not persist in the module’s memory after a power-up sequence). Once the “Receive Good Count” reaches its maximum value (up to 0xFFFF), it remains at its maximum count value until the maximum count value is manually changed or the module is reset. AT Command: ATGD Binary Command: 0x10 (16 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF Default Parameter Value: 0 Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: ER (Receive Error Count) The GD parameter is not reset by pin, serial port or cyclic sleep modes. HP (Hopping Channel) Command <Networking & Security> HP Command is used to set/read the module’s hopping channel number. A channel is one of three layers of addressing available to the XTend Module. AT Command: ATHP Binary Command: 0x11 (17 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 9 Default Parameter Value: 0 Number of bytes returned: 1 Related Commands: ID (Modem VID), DT (Destination Address), MK (Address Mask) In order for modules to communicate with each other, the modules must have the same channel number since each channel uses a different hopping sequence. Different channels can be used to prevent modules in one network from listening to transmissions of another. HT (Time before Wake-up Initializer) Command <Sleep (Low Power)> Set/read time of inactivity (no serial or RF data is sent or received) before a wake-up initializer is sent by a TX module. HT should be set shorter than inactivity timeout [ST Command] time of any RX modules operating in Cyclic Sleep (SM=4-8). The wake-up initializer sent by the TX module instructs all RX modules to remain awake to receive RF data. From the RX module perspective: After HT time elapses and the inactivity timeout [ST Command] is met, the RX module goes into cyclic sleep. In cyclic sleep, the RX module wakes once per sleep interval [SM Command] to check for a wake-up initializer. When a wake-up initializer is detected, the module stays awake to receive data. The wake-up initializer must be longer than the cyclic sleep interval to ensure that sleeping modules detect incoming data. AT Command: ATHT Binary Command: 0x03 (3 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF [x 100 milliseconds] Default Parameter Value: 0xFFFF (wake-up initializer will not be sent) Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: LH (Wake-up Initializer Timer), SM (Sleep Mode), ST (Time before Sleep) When HT time elapses, the TX module knows it needs to send a wake-up Initializer for all RX modules to remain awake and receive the next transmission. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 29](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-29.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 HV (Hardware Version) Command <Diagnostics> HV Command is used to read the hardware version of the module. AT Command: ATHV Parameter Range (read-only): 0 – 0xFFFF Default Parameter Value: 0x14FF (5375d) Number of bytes returned: 2 ID (Modem VID) Command <Networking & Security> ID Command is used to set/read the VID (Vendor Identification Number) of the module. Modules must have matching VIDs in order to communicate. AT Command: ATID Binary Command: 0x27 (39 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0x7FFF (user-settable) 0x8000 – 0xFFFF (factory-set) Default Parameter Value: 0x3332 (13106d) Number of bytes returned: 2 KY (AES Encryption Key) Command <Networking & Security> KY Command is used to set the 256-bit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) key for encryption/decryption of data. Once set, the key cannot be read out of the module by any means. The entire payload of the packet is encrypted using the key and the CRC is computed across the ciphertext. When encryption is turned on, each packet carries an additional 16 bytes to convey the random CBC Initialization Vector (IV) to the receiver(s). AT Command: ATKY Binary Command: 0x3C (60 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – (any other 64-digit hex valid key) Default Parameter Value: 0 (disabled) Number of bytes returned: 2 Number Base: Always Hexadecimal A module with the wrong key (or no key) will still receive encrypted data, but the resultant data driven out the serial port will be meaningless. Likewise, a module with a key will still receive unencrypted data sent from a module without a key, but the output will be meaningless. Because CBC mode is utilized, repetitive data appears different in different transmissions due to the randomly-generated IV. LH (Wake-up Initializer Timer) Command <Sleep (Low Power)> LH Command is used to set/read the duration of time for which the wake-up initializer is sent. When receiving modules are put into Cyclic Sleep Mode, they power-down after a period of inactivity [specified by ST (Time before Sleep) Command] and will periodically awaken and listen for transmitted data. In order for the receiving modules to remain awake, they must detect ~35ms of the wake-up initializer. LH Command must be used whenever a receiver is operating in Cyclic Sleep Mode. This lengthens the Wake-up Initializer to a specific amount of time (in tenths of a second). The Wake-up Initializer Time must be longer than the cyclic sleep time that is determined by SM (Sleep Mode) Command. If the wake-up initializer time were less than the Cyclic Sleep interval, the connection would be at risk of missing the wake-up initializer transmission. AT Command: ATLH Binary Command: 0x0C (12 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFF [x 100 milliseconds] Default Parameter Value: 1 Number of bytes returned: 1 Related Commands: HT (Time before Wake-up Initializer), SM (Sleep Mode), ST (Time before Sleep) Refer to Figures 3.1 & 3.2 of the SM Command description to view diagrams of correct and incorrect configurations. The images help visualize the importance that the value of LH be greater than the value of SM. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 30](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-30.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 NB (Parity) Command AT Command: ATNB Binary Command: 0x23 (35 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 4 Parameter Value Configuration 0 8-bit (no parity or 7-bit (any parity) 1 8-bit even 2 8-bit odd 3 8-bit mark 4 8-bit space Default Parameter Value: 0 Number of bytes returned: 1 <Serial Interfacing> Select/Read parity settings for UART communications. PK (Maximum RF Packet Size) Command <RF Interfacing> PK Command is used to set/read the maximum size of RF packets. The maximum packet size can be used along with RB/RO to implicitly set the channel dwell time. If PK is set above 256 and BR is subsequently changed to 0, then PK will automatically be lowered to 256 and a warning will be raised (see BR (RD Data Rate) and WN (Warning Data) Commands for details). Changes to this parameter may have a secondary effect on the RB (Packet Control Characters) Parameter. RB must always be less than or equal to PK. If PK is changed to a value less than the current value of RB, RB is automatically lowered to be equal to PK. AT Command: ATPK Binary Command: 0x29 (41 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0x800 [Bytes] Default Parameter Value: 0x800* (2048 decimal) Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: BR (RF Data Rate) RB (Packetization Threshold), RO (Packetization Timeout), WN (Warning Data) * When BR = 0, the maximum PK value is 0x100 (256d). When BR = 1, the maximum PK value is 0x800 (2048d). PL (Power Level) Command AT Command: ATPL Binary Command: 0x3A (58 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 4 Parameter Value Configuration 0 1 mW 1 10 mW 2 100 mW 3 500 mW 4 1000 mW (1 Watt) Default Parameter Value: 4 Number of bytes returned: 1 <RF Interfacing> PL Command is used to set/read the power level at which the module transmits. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 32](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-32.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 PW (Pin Wake-up) Command <Sleep (Low Power)> Under normal operation, a module in Cyclic Sleep Mode cycles from an active state to a low-power state at regular intervals until data is ready to be received. If the PW Parameter is set to 1, the SLEEP Pin (pin 8) can be used to awaken the module from Cyclic Sleep. If the SLEEP Pin is de-asserted (low), the module will be fully operational and will not go into Cyclic Sleep. Once SLEEP is asserted, the module will remain active for the period of time specified by ST (Time before Sleep) Command, and will return to Cyclic Sleep Mode (if no data is ready to be transmitted). PW Command is only valid if Cyclic Sleep has been enabled. AT Command: ATPW Binary Command: 0x1D (29 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 1 Parameter Value Configuration 0 Disabled 1 Enabled Default Parameter Value: 0 Number of bytes returned: 1 Related Commands: SM (Sleep Mode), ST (Time before Sleep) RB (Packetization Threshold) Command <Serial Interfacing> RF transmission will commence when data is in the DI Buffer and either of the following criteria are met: • RO character times of silence on the UART receive lines (ignored if RO = 0) • RB characters have been received by the UART (ignored if RB = 0) If PK is lowered below the value of RB, RB is automatically lowered to match PK. Note: RB and RO criteria only apply to the first packet of a multi-packet transmission. If data remains in the DI Buffer after the first packet, transmissions will continue in streaming manner until there is no data left in the DI Buffer (UART receive buffer). AT Command: ATRB Binary Command: 0x20 (32 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – Current value of PK Parameter (up to 0x800 Bytes) Default Parameter Value: 0x800 Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: BR (RF Data Rate), PK (RF Packet Size), RO (Packetization Timeout) RC (Ambient Power – Single Channel) Command <Diagnostics> RC Command is used to examine and report the power level on a given channel. AT Command: ATRC Parameter Range (read-only): 0 – 0x31 [dBm] Number of bytes returned: 1 Related Commands: RM (Ambient Power – All channels) Sample output: -78 dBm [when CF = 0] 4e [when CF = 1] -78 [when CF = 2] RE (Restore Defaults) Command <Diagnostics> RE Command is used to restore all configurable parameters to factory default settings. However, RE Command will not write the default values to non-volatile (persistent) memory. Unless the WR (Write) Command is issued after the RE command, the restored default settings will not be saved in the event of module reset or power-down. AT Command: ATRE Binary Command: 0x0E (14 decimal) © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 33](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-33.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 RM (Ambient Power – All Channels) Command <Diagnostics> RM Command is used to examine and report the power levels on all channels. If no parameter is given, then the channels will be scanned once. If a parameter is given, the channels will be repeatedly scanned for that number of seconds (up to 2000d), and the maximum power level seen for each channel is reported (i.e. peak hold). AT Command: ATRM Parameter Range (read-only): no parameter – 0x7D0 (2000d) Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: RC (Ambient Power – Single channel) A graphical spectrum analyzer application can be implemented by repeatedly calling ATRM with no arguments and reading the resultant 50 power levels (easiest to do when CF = 1 or 2). Sample output [when CF = 0]: Ch 0: -100 dBm Ch 1: -103 dBm ... Ch 49: -99 dBm Sample output [when CF = 1]: 64 67 ... 63 Sample output [when CF = 2]: -100 -103 … -99 RN (Delay Slots) Command <Networking & Security> RN Command is used to set/read the time delay that the transmitting module inserts before attempting to resend a packet. If the transmitting module fails to receive an acknowledgement after sending a packet, it inserts a random number of delay slots (ranging from 0 to (RN minus 1)) before attempting to resend the packet. Each delay slot lasts for a period of 38 ms. If two modules attempt to transmit at the same time, the random time delay after packet failure allows only one module to transmit the packet successfully; while the other module waits until the channel available for RF transmission. AT Command: ATRN Binary Command: 0x19 (25 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFF [38 ms slots] Default Parameter Value: 0 (no delay slots inserted) Number of bytes returned: 1 Related Commands: RR (Retries), TT (Streaming Limit) RN Command is only applicable if retries have been enabled [RR (Retries) Command] or if forced delays will be inserted into a transmission [TT (Streaming Limit) Command]. RO (Packetization Timeout) Command <Serial Interfacing> RO Command is used to set/read the Packetization Timeout setting. RF transmission commences when data is in the DI buffer and either of the following criteria are met: • RO character times of silence on the UART receive lines (ignored if RO = 0) • RB characters have been received by the UART (ignored if (RB = 0) RB and RO criteria only apply to the first packet of a multi-packet transmission. If data remains in the DI Buffer (UART receive) after the first packet, transmissions will continue in streaming manner until there is no data left in the DI Buffer (UART receive). AT Command: ATRO Binary Command: 0x21 (33 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF [ x UART character times ] Default Parameter Value: 0x03 (3 decimal) Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: RB (Packetization Threshold) © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 34](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-34.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 RO Command (continued) When RO is the transmission-beginning criteria: The actual time between the reception of the last character from the UART and the beginning of RF transmission will be at least 800 µsec longer than the actual RO time to allow for transmission setup. Additionally, it is subject to 100 - 200 µsec of additional uncertainty, which could be significant for small values of RO at high UART bit rates. The RO timer calculates the correct UART character time (10, 11, or 12 bits) based on the following criteria: • 1 start bit • 8 data bits • 0 or 1 parity bit (as set by ATNB) • 1 or 2 stop bits (as set by ATSB) RP (RSSI PWM Timer) Command RP Command is used to enable a PWM (“Pulse Width Modulation”) output on Pin 11 (Config/RSSI). The pin is calibrated to show the difference between received signal strength and the sensitivity level of the module. PWM pulses vary from zero to 95 percent. Zero percent means the received RF signal is at or below the published sensitivity level of the module. The following table shows dB levels above sensitivity and PWM values: AT Command: ATRP Binary Command: 0x22 (34 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 - 0xFF [x 100 milliseconds] Default Parameter Value: 0x20 (32 decimal) Number of bytes returned: 1 The total time period of the PWM output is 8.32 ms. PWM output consists of 40 steps and therefore the minimum step size is 0.208 ms. dBm above Sensitivity PWM percentage (high period / total period) 10 47.5 20 62.5 30 77.5 A non-zero value defines the time that PWM output is active with the RSSI value of the last received RF packet. After the set time when no RF packets are received, PWM output is set low (0 percent PWM) until another RF packet is received. PWM output is also set low at power-up. A parameter value of 0xFF permanently enables PWM output and always reflects the value of the last received RF packet. Pin 11 is shared between PWM output and Config input. When the module is powered, the Config pin is an input. During the power-up sequence, if RP parameter is a non-zero value, the Config pin is configured as an output and set low until the first RF packet is received. With a non-zero RP parameter, the Config pin is an input for RP ms after power up. RR (Retries) Command <Networking & Security> RR Command is used to set/read the number of retries that can be sent for a given RF packet. When RR Command is enabled (non-zero value) and when MT Command equals zero, RF packet acknowledgements and retries are enabled. After transmitting a packet, the transmitting module waits to receive an acknowledgement from a receiving module. If the acknowledgement is not received in the period of time specified by RN (Delay Slots) Command, the original packet is transmitted again. The RF packet is transmitted repeatedly until an acknowledgement is received or until the packet is sent RR times. AT Command: ATRR Binary Command: 0x18 (24 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFF Default Parameter Value: 0x0A (10 decimal) Number of bytes returned: 1 © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 35](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-35.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 ST (Time before Sleep) Command <Sleep Mode (Low Power)> ST Command is used to set/read the period of time (milliseconds) in which the module remains inactive before entering Sleep Mode. AT Command: ATST Binary Command: 0x02 (2 decimal) Parameter Range: (ATAT+3) – 0x7FFF [x 100 milliseconds] Default Parameter Value: 0x64 (100 decimal) Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: SM (Sleep Mode), LH (Wake-up Initializer Timer), HT (Time before Wake-up Initializer) For example, if the ST Parameter is set to 0x64 (100 decimal), the module will enter into Sleep mode after 10 seconds of inactivity (no transmitting or receiving). This command can only be used if Cyclic Sleep or Serial Port Sleep Mode settings have been selected using SM (Sleep Mode) Command. TP (Board Temperature) Command <Diagnostics> TP Command is used to read the current temperature of the board. AT Command: ATTP Binary Command: 0x38 (56 decimal) Parameter Range (read-only): 0– 0x7F Number of bytes returned: 1 Related Commands: WN (Warning Data) Sample Output: 26 C [when ATCF = 0] 1A [when ATCF = 1] 26 [when ATCF = 2] TR (Transmit Error Count) Command <Diagnostics> TR Command is used to report the number of retransmit failures. This number is incremented each time a packet is not acknowledged within the number of retransmits specified by RR (Retries) Command. It therefore counts the number of packets that were not successfully received and were subsequently dropped. AT Command: ATTR Binary Command: 0x1B (27 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF Default Parameter Value: 0 Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: RR (Retries) TR Parameter is not non-volatile and will therefore be reset to zero when the module is reset. TT (Streaming Limit) Command <Networking & Security> TT Command is used to set/read the limit on the number of bytes that can be sent out before a random delay is issued. AT Command: ATTT Binary Command: 0x1A (26 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF Default Parameter Value: 0 (disabled) Number of bytes returned: 2 Related Commands: RN (Delay Slots) If a module is sending a continuous stream of RF data, a delay is inserted which stops its transmission and allows other modules time to transmit (once it sends TT bytes of data). Inserted random delay lasts between 1 & ‘RN + 1’ delay slots, where each delay slot lasts 38 ms. TT command can be used to simulate full-duplex behavior. TX (Transmit Only) Command AT Command: ATTX Binary Command: 0x3F (63 decimal) Parameter Range: 0 – 1 Parameter Value Configuration 0 TX and RX 1 TX only Default Parameter Value: 0 Number of bytes returned: 1 <RF Interfacing> TX Command is used to set/read the transmit/receive behaviors of the module. Setting a module to TX-only may reduce latency because the transmitting module will never be "stuck" receiving data from other modules. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 39](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-39.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 FCC-Approved Antennas (900 MHz) Fixed Base Station and Mobile Applications MaxStream Modules are pre-FCC approved for use in fixed base station and mobile applications. When the antenna is mounted at least 20 cm (8”) from nearby persons, the application is considered a mobile application. Portable Applications and SAR Testing When the antenna is mounted closer than 20 cm to nearby persons, then the application is considered “portable” and requires an additional test be performed on the final product. This test is called the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) testing and measures the emissions from the module and how they affect the person. RF Exposure (This statement must be included as a CAUTION statement in OEM product manuals.) WARNING: This equipment is approved only for mobile and base station transmitting devices. Antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 30 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. NOTE: The separation distance indicated in the above is 30 cm, but any distance greater than or equal to 23 cm can be used (per MPE evaluation). To fulfill FCC Certification requirements: 1. Integrator must ensure required text [Figure A.1] is clearly placed on the outside of the final product. 2. XTend Module may be used only with Approved Antennas that have been tested with this module. [Refer to Tables A.1 – A.7] 1 Watt Transmit Power Output or Lower Table A.1. Half-wave antennas (approved when operating at 1 Watt power output or lower.) Part Number Type Connector Gain Application A09-HSM-7 Straight half-wave RPSMA 3.0 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-HASM-675 Articulated half-wave RPSMA 2.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-HABMM-P6I Articulated half-wave w/ 6” pigtail MMCX 2.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-HABMM-6-P6I Articulated half-wave w/ 6” pigtail MMCX 2.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-HBMM-P6I Straight half-wave w/ 6” pigtail MMCX 2.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-HRSM Right angle half-wave RPSMA 2.1 dBi Fixed A09-HASM-7 Articulated half-wave RPSMA 2.1 dBi Fixed A09-HG Glass mounted half-wave RPSMA 2.1 dBi Fixed A09-HATM Articulated half-wave RPTNC 2.1 dBi Fixed A09-H Half-wave dipole RPSMA 2.1 dBi Fixed Table A.2. Yagi antennas (approved when operating at 1 Watt power output or lower.) Part Number Type Connector Gain Required Antenna Cable Loss Application A09-Y6 2 Element Yagi RPN 6.1 dBi - 0.1 dB* Fixed / Mobile A09-Y7 3 Element Yagi RPN 7.1 dBi - 1.1 dB* Fixed / Mobile A09-Y8 4 Element Yagi RPN 8.1 dBi - 2.1 dB* Fixed / Mobile A09-Y6TM 2 Element Yagi RPTNC 6.1 dBi - 0.1 dB* Fixed / Mobile A09-Y7TM 3 Element Yagi RPTNC 7.1 dBi - 1.1 dB* Fixed / Mobile A09-Y8TM 4 Element Yagi RPTNC 8.1 dBi - 2.1 dB* Fixed / Mobile * FCC regulations stipulate a 36 dBm EIRP power requirement. Users implementing antenna gain greater than 6.0 dB must compensate for the added gain with cable loss. When operating at 1 W power output, the sum (in dB) of cable loss and antenna gain shall not exceed 6.0 dB. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 44](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-44.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 MaxStream XTIB-R RS-232/485 Interface Board B.1a. Config (Configuration) Switch Figure B.1. Front View The Configuration Switch provides an alternate method for entering into Command Mode. To enter Command Mode at the modem’s default RF data rate, hold the Configuration Switch down for two seconds. B.1b. I/O LEDs The I/O LED indicators visualize diagnostic status information. The LEDs indicate module activity as follows: Yellow (top LED) = Serial Data Out (to host) Green (middle) = Serial Data In (from host) Red (bottom) = Power/TX Indicator (Red light is on when powered; it pulses on/off briefly during RF transmission.) B.1d. RSSI LEDs B.1e. Power Connector B.1c. DB-9 Serial Port B.1b. I/O LEDs B.1a. Config Switch B.1c. DB-9 Serial Port Standard female DB-9 (RS-232) DCE connector – This connector can be also used for RS-485 and RS-422 connections. B.1b. RSSI LEDs RSSI LEDs indicate the amount of fade margin present in an active wireless link. Fade margin is the difference between the incoming signal strength and the module’s receiver sensitivity. 3 LEDs on = Very Strong Signal (> 30 dB fade margin) 2 LEDs on = Strong Signal (> 20 dB fade margin) 1 LED on = Moderate Signal (> 10 dB fade margin) 0 LED on = Weak Signal (< 10 dB fade margin) B.1e. Power Connector 7-28 VDC Power Connector (Center positive, 5.5/2.1mm) Note: The XTIB-R interface board can accept voltages as low as 5V. Contact MaxStream support to enable this option. B.2a. DIP Switch Figure B.2. Back View DIP Switch automatically configures the XTend Module to operate in different modes during the power-on sequence. Each time the module assembly (interface board + XTend Module) is powered-on, intelligence on the XTIB-R interface board programs the attached module according to the positions of the DIP Switch. B.1a. DIP Switch Refer to the figure below for DIP Switch settings. Figure B.3. MaxStream XTIB-R (RS-232/485) Interface Board DIP Switch Settings Table B.2. [next page] summaries configurations triggered by the DIP Switch. © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 48](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-48.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 Antennas [Refer to Appendix A for a list of FCC-Approved Antennas] Factors that determine wireless link range: • Ambient RF noise (interference) • Line-of-sight obstructions • Transmit power • Receive sensitivity • Antenna configuration XTend Antenna Connector Options To comply with the FCC rules and obtain a “modular” certification, it is required that XTend Modules utilize a “non standard” connector. This is to ensure the modules are used only with approved antennas. The XTend Modules have two connector options: • RPSMA • MMCX Alternatively, the XTend Module can be order with an attached wire antenna. RPSMA The Reverse Polarity SMA (RPSMA) connector uses the same body as a regular SMA connector. In order to be a “non standard” connector, the gender of the center conductor is changed. The female RPSMA actually has a male center conductor. MMCX The Micro-Miniature Connector (MMCX) is a good solution for high volume, price-sensitive applications. The small size and snap on connection make it suitable for attaching an external mounted antenna to a module inside an enclosure. Antenna Cables RF cables are typically used to connect a radio installed in a cabinet to an antenna mounted externally. As a general rule, it is best to keep the RF cable as short as possible. All cables promote signal loss which is usually measured in dB loss per 100 ft. MaxStream provides LMR-195 rated cables. Common cables and dB losses are included in this table: Table B.3. Potential Signal Strength Loss due to Antenna Cable Length Cable Type Loss at 900 MHz per 100’ (loss per 100m) Loss at 2.4 GHz per 100’ (loss per 100m) Diameter RG-58 14.5 dB (47.4 dB) 25.3 dB (83.2 dB) 0.20” (4.95 mm) RG-174 25.9 dB (85.0 dB) 44.4 dB (145.8 dB) 0.10” (2.54 mm) RG-316 24.7 dB (81.0 dB) 42.4 dB (139.0 dB) 0.10” (2.59 mm) LMR-195 11.1 dB (36.5 dB) 19.0 dB (62.4 dB) 0.20” (4.95 mm) LMR-240 7.6 dB (24.8 dB) 12.9 dB (42.4 dB) 0.24“ (6.10 mm) LMR-600 2.5 dB (8.2 dB) 4.4 dB (14.5 dB) 0.59” (15.0 mm) © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 51](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-51.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 RS-485 (2-wire) Operation DIP Switch Settings and Serial Port Connections Figure B.13. Figure B.14. RS-485 (2-wire) Half-Duplex Pins used on the female RS-232 (DB-9) DIP Switch Settings Serial Connector Figure B.15 RS-485 (2-wire) with Termination (optional) Termination is the 120 Ω resistor between T+ and T-. DIP Switch settings are read and applied only while powering-on. Note: Refer to Figures 18 and 19 [page 11] for RJ-45 connector pin designations used in RS-485/422 environments. Table B.5. RS-485 (2-wire half-duplex) Signals and their implementations on the XTend Module Assembly DB-9 Pin RS-485 Name Description Implementation 2 T/R- (TRA) Negative Data Line Transmit serial data to and from the XTend Module Assembly 5 GND Ground Signal Ground 8 T/R+ (TRB) Positive Data Line Transmit serial data to and from the XTend Module Assembly 9 PWR Power Optional power input that is connected internally to the front power connector 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 not used Wiring Diagram: RS-485 (2-wire) Half-Duplex Figure B.16. XTend Module Assembly in an RS-485 (2-wire) half-duplex environment © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 54](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-54.png)
![XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0 © 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary 59 Contact MaxStream Free and unlimited technical support is included with every MaxStream Radio Modem sold. Please use the following resources for additional support: Documentation: http://www.maxstream.net/helpdesk/download.php Technical Support: Phone. (866) 765-9885 toll-free U.S. & Canada (801) 765-9885 Worldwide Live Chat. www.maxstream.net E-Mail. rf-xperts@maxstream.net MaxStream office hours are 8:00 am – 5:00 pm [U.S. Mountain Standard Time]](https://usermanual.wiki/MaxStream/9XTEND.USERS-MANUAL/User-Guide-489047-Page-59.png)