MaxStream 9XTEND 9XTEND OEM RF Module User Manual XStream OEM RF Module

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XTend™ OEM RF Module
XTend OEM RF Module
RF Operation
Advanced Programming
Appendices
Product Manual v1.0
For MaxStream OEM RF Module part numbers that begin with: XT09-R…, XT09-M…
1 Watt Transmit Power, 256-bit AES Encryption
355 South 520 West, Suite 180
Lindon, UT 84042
Phone: (801) 765-9885
Fax: (801) 765-9895
rf-xperts@maxstream.net
www.maxstream.net
M100115
11.10.2004
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. All rights reserved
No part of the contents of this manual may be transmitted or
reproduced in any form or by any means without the written
permission of MaxStream, Inc.
XTend™ is a trademark of MaxStream, Inc.
Phone: (801) 765-9885
Live Chat: www.maxstream.net
E-Mail: rf-xperts@maxstream.net
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
ii
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Contents
XTend™ OEM RF Module
Features
FCC Certification
Worldwide Acceptance
Specifications
Pin Signals
FCC Notices
Timing Specifications
Mechanical Drawings
Serial Communications
IC (Industry Canada) Certification
46
Interfacing Hardware
Adapters
50
Antennas
51
Interfacing Protocols
10
Modes of Operation
RS-232 Operation
11
X-CTU Software
13
13
1-Year Warranty
15
RF Communication Options
52
Addressing Options
Streaming Mode
54
55
57
Contact MaxStream
17
58
58
Ordering Information
17
48
52
Appendix C: Additional Information
14
Command Mode
47
RS-485 (4-wire) & RS-422 Operation
11
Shutdown Mode
47
47
RS-485 (2-wire) Operation
11
Transmit Mode
Sleep Mode
44
MaxStream XTIB-R RS-232/485 Interface Board
UART-Interfaced Data Flow
Receive Mode
FCC-Approved Antennas (900 MHz)
XTend Development Kit Contents
Flow Control
42
43
Appendix B: Development Guide
RF Operation
Serial Data
42
42
Labeling Requirements
Electrical Characteristics
Idle Mode
Appendix A: Agency Certifications
58
59
18
Acknowledged Mode
19
Multi-Transmit Mode
21
Advanced Programming
22
Programming the Module
AT Command Example
22
22
Binary Command Example
22
Command Descriptions (short)
Command Descriptions (long)
23
24
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
iii
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
XTend™ OEM RF Module
The XTend OEM RF Module is MaxStream’s longest range drop-in
wireless solution. The module transfers a standard asynchronous serial
data stream between two or more modules and sustains RF data rates
up to 120,000 bps.
Features
Long Range
Easy-to-Use
1 Watt Power Output (1 mW – 1 W, variable)
2.8 to 5.5 V power supply
Range (@ 9600 baud):
Continuous RF data stream
•
Indoor/Urban: up to 3000’ (900 m)
up to 115.2 kbps
•
Outdoor line-of-sight:
up to 14 miles (22 km) w/ dipole antenna
No configuration required
•
Outdoor line-of-sight:
up to 40 miles (64 km) w/ high gain antenna
Advanced configurations available
Range (@ 115200 baud):
•
Indoor/Urban: up to 1500’ (450 m)
•
Outdoor line-of-sight:
up to 7 miles (11 km) w/ dipole antenna
•
Outdoor line-of-sight:
up to 20 miles (32 km) w/ high gain antenna
Receiver Sensitivity: -110 dBm (@ 9600 baud),
–100 dBm (@ 115200 baud)
Advanced Networking & Security
True Peer-to-Peer (no “master” required),
Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint & Multidrop
Retries and Acknowledgements
10 hopping channels, each with over 65,000
network addresses available
FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)
through standard AT Commands
Transparent Operation
(Wireless links replace serial wires)
Portable
(small form-factor easily designed into a
wide range of data radio systems)
Software-selectable I/O interfacing rates
MODBUS,
(& more)
I/O Support
Support for multiple data formats
(parity, start and stop bits, etc.)
XII™ Interference Immunity
Power-saving Shutdown & Sleep Modes
Free & Unlimited Technical Support
256-bit AES Encryption
(Refer to KY Command [p30])
Worldwide Acceptance
FCC Pending (USA) [Refer to Appendix A for FCC Requirements]
Systems that contain XTend Modules inherit MaxStream’s FCC Certification
IC (Industry Canada) Pending
ISM (Industrial, Scientific & Medical) license-free 902-928 MHz frequency band
Manufactured under ISO 9001:2000 registered standards
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Specifications
Table 1.1.
XTend OEM RF Module
XTend 900 MHz OEM RF Module Specifications
Performance
@ 10,000 bps RF Data Rate
@ 120,000 bps RF Data Rate
Transmit Power Output
(software selectable using PL Command)
1 mW - 1 W (software selectable)
1 mW - 1 W (software selectable)
Indoor/Urban Range
Up to 3000’ (900 m)
Up to 1500’ (450 m)
Outdoor
RF line-of-sight Range
Up to 14 miles (22 km) w/ dipole antenna
Up to 40 miles (64 km) w/ high-gain antenna
Up to 7 miles (11 km) w/ dipole antenna
Up to 20 miles (32 km) w/ high-gain antenna
I/O Serial Data Rate (Baud)
1200 – 230400 bps (Software selectable)
1200 – 230400 bps (Software selectable)
Sustained Throughput
115,200 bps
115,200 bps
RF Data Rate
(software selectable using BR Command)
10,000 bps
120,000 bps
Receiver Sensitivity
-110 dBm
-100 dBm
Receive Current
80 mA (@ 10000 bps)
80 mA (@ 120000 bps)
Shutdown Mode Power Down
< 1 µA
< 1 µA
Pin Sleep Power Down
147 µA
147 µA
16 sec cyclic sleep (SM=8)
0.8 mA
0.3 mA
8 sec cyclic sleep (SM=7)
1.4 mA
0.4 mA
4 sec cyclic sleep (SM=6)
2.6 mA
0.6 mA
2 sec cyclic sleep (SM=5)
4.8 mA
0.9 mA
1 sec cyclic sleep (SM=4)
8.7 mA
1.6 mA
Idle
Currents
General
Frequency
902-928 MHz
Spread Spectrum
FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)
Modulation
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)
Supported Network Topologies
Peer-to-Peer (“Master/Slave” relationship not required), Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint & Multidrop
Channel Capacity
10 hop sequences share 50 frequencies
Encryption
256-bit AES Encryption – Refer to the KY Command [p30] to implement
Physical Properties
Module Board Size
1.44” x 2.38” x 0.20” (3.65 cm x 6.03 cm x 0.50 cm)
Weight
0.64 oz (18 g)
Connector
20-pin
Operating Temperature
-40 to 85º C (industrial)
Antenna
Connector Options
RPSMA (Reverse-polarity SMA) or MMCX
Impedance
50 ohms unbalanced
Certifications (visit www.maxstream.net or call (801) 765-9885 for complete list government agency approvals)
FCC Part 15.247
Pending
Industry Canada (IC)
Pending
Table 1.2.
XTend OEM RF Module Specifications – Relative to user-selected TX Power Output
Power Requirements (Supply voltage and TX currents relative to each TX Power Output option)
Transmit Power Output
1 mW
Supply Voltage
2.8 – 5.5 VDC
10 mW
100 mW
500 mW **
1 W **
3.0 – 5.5 VDC
4.75 – 5.5 VDC
Transmit Current (5 V) typical
110 mA
140 mA
270 mA
500 mA
730 mA
Transmit Current (3.3 V) typical
90 mA
110 mA
260 mA
600 mA
* 1W Power Output is not supported when using a 3.3 supply voltage.
** If the supply voltage for a given power setting is lower than the minimum supply voltage requirement (as shown in Table 1.2),
the TX Power Output will decrease to the highest power level setting given the current supply voltage.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Pin Signals
Figure 1.1. XTend OEM RF Module Pin Numbers
Table 1.3.
Pin Signal Descriptions
(Low-asserted signals distinguished with a horizontal line over signal name.)
Pin
Number
Mnemonic
I/O
High Impedance
during Shutdown
Must
Connect
GND
yes
Ground
VCC
yes
Power: 2.8 – 5.5 VDC
GPO2 /
RX LED
_PWR
yes
Transmit_Power: Pin pulses low during RF transmission; otherwise, the pin
is driven high to indicate power is on and the module is not in Sleep or
Shutdown Mode.
DI
yes
yes
Data In: Serial data entering the module (from the UART host). Refer to the
Serial Communications [p9] section for more information.
DO
yes
no
yes
yes
Function
General Purpose Output 2:  Pin is driven low. Refer to the
CD Command [p26] for other configuration options.
RX LED: Pin is driven high during RF data reception; otherwise, the pin is
driven low. Refer to the CD Command [p26] to enable.
Data Out: Serial Data exiting the module (to the UART host). Refer to the
Serial Communications [p9] section for more information.
Shutdown: Pin is driven high during operation and low during Shutdown.
Shutdown enables the lowest power mode (< 1 µA) available to the module.
Refer to the Shutdown Mode [p13] section for more information.
General Purpose Input 2: reserved for future use
GPI2 / SLEEP
yes
SLEEP: By default, SLEEP is not used. To configure this pin to enable Sleep
Modes, refer to the Sleep Mode [p14], SM Command [p37] & PW Command
[p33] sections.
General Purpose Output 1: reserved for future use
GPO1 /
RS-485 TX EN
yes
(Clear-to-Send):  When pin is driven low, the UART
host is permitted to send serial data to the module. Refer to the Serial
Communications [p9] & CS Command [p27] sections for more information.
RS-485 Transmit Enable: To configure this pin to enable RS-485 half and
full duplex communications. Refer to the Serial Communications [p9] & CS
Command [p27] sections.
General Purpose Input 1: reserved for future use
10
11
GPI1 /
CMD
RSSI
yes
(Request-to-Send): By default,
is not used. To configure this pin to
regulate the flow of serial data exiting the module, refer to the Serial
Communications [p9] & RT Command [p36] sections.
CMD (Command): By default, CMD is not used. To configure this pin to
enable binary command programming, refer to the Binary Commands [p16]
& RT Command [p36] sections.
I*
no
Configuration: Pin can be used as a backup method for entering Command
Mode during power-up. Refer to the Command Mode [p15] section for more
information.
O*
no
Receive Signal Strength Indicator: By default, pin is used as an RSSI
PWM output after at the conclusion of the power-up sequence. Refer to the
RP Command [p35] for more information.
12-20
reserved / do not connect
Module has 10K Ω internal pull-up resistor
**
Module has 10K Ω internal pull-down resistor
***
Module has 100K Ω internal pull-up resistor
Note: When integrating the XTend Module with a Host PC Board, all lines that are not used should be left disconnected (floating).
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Electrical Characteristics
Figure 1.2. System Block Diagram
Basic wireless link between hosts
The data flow sequence is initiated when the first byte of data is received in the DI Buffer of the
transmitting module (XTend Module A). As long as XTend Module A is not already receiving RF
data, data in the DI Buffer is packetized then transmitted over-the-air to XTend Module B.
Timing Specifications
Figure 1.3. Timing Specifications (“A” and “B” refer to Figure 1.2)
Table 1.4.
Symbol
TTX
TTL
AC Characteristics (Symbols correspond with Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.3, ATSY Parameter = 0)
Description
Latency from the time data is
transmitted until it is received.
Time that
_PWR pin (pin 4) is
driven low
Sleep Mode
115200 Baud Rate
9600 Baud Rate
SM = 0
(No sleep)
9.4 msec
94 msec
SM = 8
16 sec
16 sec
SM = 7
8 sec
8 sec
SM = 6
4 sec
4 sec
SM = 5
2 sec
2 sec
SM = 4
1 sec
1 sec
--
2.45 msec
29.6 msec
TRL
Time that RX LED (pin 3)
is driven high
--
2.26 msec
27.2 msec
TCLDL
Time starting when
goes low
until the first bit appears on DOUT
--
44 µsec
75 µsec
TCHDH
Time after last bit of data until
goes high
--
7 µsec
7 µsec
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Table 1.5.
DC Characteristics (Vcc = 2.8 – 5.5 VDC)
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
VOL
Output Low Voltage
VOL = 0.33V (IO = 6 mA)
VOH
Output High Voltage
VOH = VSUPPLY - 0.7V (-IO = 6 mA)
Figure 1.4. Input Thresholds vs. Supply Voltage
Input thresholds vs. supply voltage
2.5
I/O Voltage
1.5
V(IL)
V(IH)
0.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
Vcc
Mechanical Drawings
Figure 1.5. XTend Module Mechanical Drawings (with RPSMA antenna connector)
Figure 1.6. XTend Module Mechanical Drawings (with MMCX antenna connector)
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
RF Operation
WARNING: When operating at 1 Watt power output, observe a minimum separation distance of 2’ (0.6 m) between
modules. Transmitting in close proximity of other modules can damage module front ends.
Serial Communications
The XTend OEM RF Module interfaces to a host device through a TTL-level asynchronous serial
port. Through its serial port, the module can communicate with any UART voltage compatible
device or through a level translator to any RS-232/485/422 device.
UART-Interfaced Data Flow
Devices that have a UART interface can connect directly through the pins of the XTend Module as
is shown in the figure below.
Figure 2.1. System Data Flow Diagram in a UART-interfaced environment
(Low-asserted signals distinguished with horizontal line over signal name.)
Serial Data
Data enters the XTend Module through the DI pin (pin 5) as an asynchronous serial signal. The
signal should idle high when no data is being transmitted.
The UART performs tasks, such as timing and parity checking, that are needed for
communications. Serial communication consists of two UARTs configured with compatible
parameters (baud rate, parity, start bits, stop bits, data bits) to have successful communication.
Each data packet consists of a start bit (low), 8 data bits (least significant bit first) and a stop bit
(high). The following figure illustrates the serial bit pattern of data passing through the module.
Figure 2.2. UART data packet 0x1F (decimal number “31”) as transmitted through the XTend Module
Example Data Format is 8-N-1 (bits – parity - # of stop bits)
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Flow Control
Figure 2.3. Internal Data Flow Diagram (The five most commonly-used pin signals shown.)
DI (Data In) Buffer and Flow Control
When serial data enters the XTend Module through the DI Pin (pin 5), the data is stored in the DI
Buffer until it can be transmitted.
When the RB and RO parameter thresholds are satisfied (refer to Transmit Mode section [p11] for
more information), the module attempts to initialize an RF connection. If the module is already
receiving RF data, the serial data is stored in the module’s DI Buffer. The DI buffer stores at least
2.1 KB. If the DI buffer becomes full, hardware or software flow control must be implemented in
order to prevent overflow (loss of data between the host and XTend Module).
Two cases in which the DI Buffer may become full and possibly overflow:
1.
If the serial interface data rate is set higher than the RF data rate of the module, the module
will receive data from the host faster than it can transmit the data over-the-air.
2.
If the module is receiving a continuous stream of RF data or if the module is monitoring data
on a network, any serial data that arrives on the DI pin (pin 5) is placed in the DI Buffer. The
data in the DI buffer will be transmitted over-the-air when the module no longer detects RF
data in the network.
How to eliminate the need for flow control:
1.
Send messages that are smaller than the DI buffer size. The size of the DI buffer varies
according to the packet size (PK parameter) and the parity setting (NB parameter) used.
2.
Interface at a lower baud rate (BD parameter) than the RF data rate (BR parameter).
Hardware Flow Control (
). When the DI buffer is 17 bytes away from being full; by
default, the module de-asserts (high)
to signal to the host device to stop sending data [refer
to FT (Flow Control Threshold, p29) and CS (GPO1 Configuration, p27) Commands.].
asserted after the DI Buffer has 34 bytes of memory available.
is re-
Software Flow Control (XON). XON/XOFF software flow control can be enabled using the FL
(Software Flow Control) Command [p28]. This option only works with ASCII data.
DO (Data Out) Buffer & Flow Control
When RF data is received, the data enters the DO buffer and is sent out the serial port to a host
device. Once the DO Buffer reaches capacity, any additional incoming RF data is lost. The DO
buffer stores at least 2.1 KB.
Two cases in which the DO Buffer may become full and possibly overflow:
1.
If the RF data rate is set higher than the interface data rate of the module, the module will
receive data from the transmitting module faster than it can send the data to the host.
2.
If the host does not allow the module to transmit data out from the DO buffer because of
being held off by hardware or software flow control.
Hardware Flow Control (
). If
is enabled for flow control (RT Parameter = 2, p36), data
will not be sent out the DO Buffer as long as
(pin 10) is de-asserted.
Software Flow Control (XOFF). XON/XOFF software flow control can be enabled using the FL
(Software Flow Control) Command [p28]. This option only works with ASCII data.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Modes of Operation
XTend OEM RF Modules operate in six modes.
Figure 2.4. XTend Modes of Operation
Module can only be in one mode at a time.
Idle Mode
When not receiving or transmitting data, the module is in Idle Mode. The module uses the same
amount of power in Idle Mode as it does in Receive Mode.
The module shifts into the other modes of operation under the following conditions:
• Serial data is received in the DI Buffer (Transmit Mode)
• Valid RF data is received through the antenna (Receive Mode)
• Command Mode Sequence is issued (Command Mode)
• Sleep Mode condition is met (Sleep Mode)
• Shutdown condition is met (Shutdown Mode)
The module automatically transitions back to Idle Mode after responding to these conditions.
Transmit Mode
When the first byte of serial data is received from the UART in the DI buffer, the module attempts
to shift to Transmit Mode and initiate an RF connection with other modules. After transmission is
complete, the module returns to Idle Mode.
RF transmission begins after either of the following criteria is met:
1.
RB bytes have been received by the UART and are pending for RF transmission
[RB (Packetization Threshold) Command, p33].
2.
At least one character has been received by the UART and is pending for RF transmission;
and RO character times of silence been observed on the UART [RO (Packetization Timeout)
Command, p34].
The character timeout trigger can be disabled by setting RO to zero. In this case, transmission
will not begin until RB bytes have been received and are pending for RF transmission. The RB
parameter may be set to any value between 1 and the RF packet size (PK (Max RF Packet Size,
p32), inclusive. Note that transition to Transmit Mode cannot take place during RF reception; the
RF reception must complete before the radio can transition into Transmit Mode.
If RB or RO conditions are met, the module initializes a communications channel. Serial data in
the DI buffer is grouped into RF packets (up to 2048 bytes in each packet, refer to PK
Command), converted to RF data and is transmitted over-the-air until the DI buffer is empty.
Channel initialization is the process of sending an RF initializer that synchronizes receiving
modules with the transmitting module. During channel initialization, incoming serial data
accumulates in the DI buffer.
RF data, which includes the payload data, follows the RF initializer. The payload includes up to
the maximum packet size (PK Command) bytes. As the TX module nears the end of the
transmission, it inspects the DI buffer to see if more data exists to be transmitted. This could be
the case if more than PK bytes were originally pending in the DI buffer or if more bytes arrived
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
from the UART after the transmission began. If more data is pending, the transmitting module
assembles a subsequent packet for transmission.
Refer to the RF Communication Options [p17] section for information and state diagrams that
illustrate channel initialization and the sequence of events that follow. The XTend Module
supports the following RF Communication Options:
• Streaming Mode
• Acknowledged Mode
• Multi-Transmit Mode
RF Packet
Figure 2.5. RF Packet Components
* When streaming multiple RF packets, the RF Initializer is only sent in front of the first packet.
RF Initializer
An RF initializer is sent each time a new connection sequence begins. The RF initializer contains
channel information that notifies receiving modules of information such as the hopping pattern
used by the transmitting module. The first transmission always sends an RF initializer.
An RF initializer can be of various lengths depending on the amount of time determined to be
required to prepare a receiving module. For example, a wake-up initializer is a type of RF
initializer used to wake remote modules from Sleep Mode (Refer to the FH, LH, HT and SM
Commands for more information). The length of the wake-up initializer should be longer than the
length of time remote modules are in cyclic sleep.
Header
The header contains network addressing information that filters incoming RF data. The receiving
module checks for matching a VID, Hopping Channel and Destination Address. Data that does not
pass through all three network filter layers is discarded.
Figure 2.6. Network Layers Contained in the Header
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
To verify data integrity and provide built-in error checking, a 16-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy
Check) is computed for the transmitted data and attached to the end of each RF packet. On the
receiving end, the receiving module computes the CRC on all incoming RF data. Received data
that has an invalid CRC is discarded [See Receive Mode section, next page].
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Receive Mode
If a module detects RF data while operating in Idle Mode, the module transitions into Receive
Mode to start receiving RF packets. Once a packet is received, the module checks the CRC (cyclic
redundancy check) to ensure that the data was transmitted without error. If the CRC data bits on
the incoming packet are invalid, the packet is discarded. If the CRC is valid, the packet proceeds
to the DO Buffer.
Figure 2.7. Receive Mode Data Flow
* Refer to the Addressing Options [p17] section of
the RF Communication Options section for more
information about address recognition.
The module returns to Idle Mode when valid
RF data is no longer detected or after an error is detected in the received RF data. If serial data is
stored in the DI buffer while the module is in Receive Mode, the serial data will be transmitted
after the module is finished receiving data and returns to Idle Mode.
Shutdown Mode
Hardware Sleep
For applications where power consumption must be kept to a minimum during idle periods,
Shutdown Mode offers the lowest power mode available to the module.
When the
pin (pin 7) is driven low, the module is forced into shutdown mode. Any
communication in progress (transmit or receive) will be halted and any buffered data will be lost.
must be driven or pulled high. While in shutdown mode,
For any other mode of operation,
the module’s VCC pin draws less than 1 µA.
Immediately after the
pin changes state from low to high, the module resets. After reset,
there is a delay that must be observed. See reset section for the delay time.
While
pin is driven low, the following pins are set to high impedance by the module: DCD,
(See pin signal descriptions, p6). The
TX_PWR, RX LED, DO and
RSSI indication) is driven low during shutdown.
line (also used for
The following input pins may continue to be driven by external circuitry when in shutdown mode:
PIN_PWR_DWN,
, DI and
Note: Because the DO pin also goes high impedance, if the XTend Module is connected to a
processor, the UART receive pin could be floating. A weak pull-up should be placed between the
module and the microcontroller so that data isn’t interpreted as being transmitted to the
microprocessor.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Sleep Mode
Software Sleep
Sleep Modes enable the XTend Module to operate at minimal power consumption when not in
use. Three Sleep Mode options are available:
• Pin Sleep (Host Controlled)
• Serial Port Sleep (Wake on Serial Port activity)
• Cyclic Sleep (Wake on RF activity)
For the module to transition into Sleep Mode, the module must have a non-zero SM (Sleep Mode)
Parameter and one of the following must occur:
1.
The module is idle (no data transmission or reception) for a user-defined period of time [See
ST (Time before Sleep) Command, p39].
2.
SLEEP pin (pin 8) is asserted (only for Pin Sleep option).
In Sleep Mode, the module will not transmit or receive data until the module first transitions to
Idle Mode. All Sleep Modes are enabled and disabled using SM Command. Transitions into and
out of Sleep Modes are triggered by various mechanisms as shown in the table below.
Table 2.1.
Summary of Sleep Mode Configurations
Sleep Mode
Setting
Pin Sleep
(SM = 1)
Serial Port Sleep
(SM = 2)
Cyclic Sleep
(SM = 4-8)
Transition into
Sleep Mode
A microcontroller can shut down and
wake modules by asserting (high)
SLEEP pin (pin 8).
Note: The module will complete a
transmission or reception even if Pin
Sleep is activated.
Automatic transition to Sleep Mode
occurs after a user-defined period of
inactivity (no transmitting or receiving of
data). The period of activity is defined
using the ST (Time before Sleep)
Command.
Automatic transition to Sleep Mode
occurs in cycles as defined by the SM
(Sleep Mode) Command.
Note: The cyclic sleep time interval must
be shorter than the “Wake-up Initializer
Timer” (set by LH Command).
Transition out of
Sleep Mode
Related
Commands
Typical Power
Consumption
De-assert (low)
SLEEP pin (pin 8).
SM
147 µA
When serial byte is
received on the DI pin
(pin 5).
SM, ST
10 mA
HT, LH, PW,
SM, ST
1.6 mA
(when sleeping,
SM=4, 1 sec,
@120,000 baud)
After the cyclic sleep time
interval elapses.
Note: Module can be
forced into Idle Mode if
PW (Pin Wake-up)
Command is issued.
For more information about Sleep Modes, refer to the individual commands listed in “Related Commands”
column of the table. SM Command is the best starting point for implementing Sleep Mode configurations.
Refer to the Hardware Sleep entry of the Shutdown Mode section [previous page] to enable the
module’s lowest power-consuming state (1 µA power down current).
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Command Mode
To set or read module parameters, the module must first enter “Command Mode” (state in which
incoming characters are interpreted as commands). Two command types are available for use:
• AT Commands
• Binary Commands
For modified parameter values to persist in the module registry, changes must be saved to nonvolatile memory using WR (Write) Command. Otherwise, parameters are restored to previously
saved values when the module is powered off and then on again.
AT Commands
To Enter AT Command Mode:
1.
Send the 3-character command sequence “+++” and observe guard times before and after
the command characters. [See “Default AT Command Mode Sequence” below.] The
“Terminal” tab (or other serial communications software) of the X-CTU Software can be used
to enter the sequence.
[OR]
2.
Assert (low) the
pulse the
pin).
pin and turn the power going to the module off and back on (or
[If the module is mounted to a MaxStream XTIB-R Interface Board, press the configuration
switch down for 2 seconds.]
Default AT Command Mode Sequence (for transition to Command Mode):
• No characters sent for one second [see BT (Guard Time Before) Command]
• Input three plus characters (“+++”) within one second [see CC (Command Sequence
Character) Command.]
• No characters sent for one second [see AT (Guard Time After) Command.]
To Send AT Commands:
Send AT commands and parameters using the syntax shown below:
Figure 2.8. Syntax for sending AT Commands
NOTE: To read a parameter value stored in a register, leave the parameter field blank.
The preceding example would change the module Destination Address to “1F”. To store the new
value to non-volatile (long term) memory, subsequently send the Write (ATWR) Command before
powering off the module.
System Response. When a command is sent to the module, the module will parse and execute
the command. Upon successful execution of a command, the module returns an “OK” message. If
execution of a command results in an error, the module returns an “ERROR” message.
To Exit AT Command Mode:
1.
Send ATCN (Exit Command Mode) Command.
[OR]
2.
If no valid AT Commands are received within the time specified by CT (Command Mode
Timeout) Command, the Module automatically returns to Idle Mode.
For an example that illustrates programming the module using AT Commands, refer to the
“Advanced Programming” chapter [p22].
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Binary Commands
Sending and receiving register values using binary commands is the fastest way to change the
operating parameters of the module. Binary commands are used most often to sample the signal
strength (RS register) and/or error counts or change module address and channels for polling
systems when a quick response is necessary. Since the sending and receiving register values
takes place through the same serial data path as 'live' data (received RF payload), interference
between the two can be a concern.
Common questions about using binary command mode:
• What are the implications of asserting CMD in any of the various states while live data is
being sent or received?
• Specifically, is there a minimum time delay after serial data is sent before which we can
assert CMD and send a command?
• Is a delay required after CMD is de-asserted before we can send normal data?
• How can we know if data being received is the response from a command or live data?
Answers: The CMD line can be asserted to send a command to the radio anytime during
transmission or reception of data. Note that the status of the CMD signal is only checked at the
end of the stop bit as the byte is shifted into the serial port. If the command is sent in the middle
of a stream of payload data to be transmitted, the command will essentially be executed in the
order it is received. If the radio is continuously receiving data, the radio will wait for a break in
the received data before executing the command. The signal will frame the response coming
from the binary command request (see graphic below).
The CMD pin (pin 10) must be asserted in order to send binary commands to an XTend Module.
CMD can be asserted to recognize commands anytime during transmission or reception of data. A
minimum time delay of 100 µs (after the stop bit of the command byte has been sent) must be
observed before pin 10 can be de-asserted. The command executes after all parameters
associated with the command have been sent. If all parameters are not received within 0.5
seconds, the module aborts the command and returns to Idle Mode. Note: When parameters are
sent, they are always two bytes long with the least significant byte sent first.
Commands can be queried for their current value by sending the command logically ORed with
the value 0x80 (hexadecimal) with CMD asserted. When the binary value is sent (with no
parameters), the current value of the command parameter is sent back through the DO pin.
Figure 2.9. Binary Command Write then Read
Signal #4 is CMD (pin 10)
Signal #1 is the DIN (pin 5) signal
to the radio
Signal #2 is the DOUT (pin 6) signal
from the radio
Signal #3 is
(pin 9)
A value was written to a register and then read out to verify it. While not in the middle of other
received data, note that the signal outlines the data response out of the module.
IMPORTANT:
For the XTend Module to recognize a binary command, RT (GPI1 Configuration)
Command must be issued. If binary programming is not enabled (RT ≠ 1), the
module will not recognize that the CMD pin (Pin 10) is asserted and therefore will
not recognize the data as binary commands.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
RF Communication Options
The XTend OEM RF Module can be configured to operate in any of three RF communication
modes: Streaming, Acknowledged and Multi-Transmit. The mode is defined by parameters stored
in the transmitting module [see table below]. Receiving modules automatically adapt to the
correct mode on a per-packet basis, based on the contents of each received packet.
Table 2.2.
Mode in Relation to Transmitting Module Parameter Values
RF Communication Mode
RR Parameter Value
MT Parameter Value
Streaming
Acknowledged
>= 1
Multi-transmit
Ignored
>= 1
Addressing Options
In all the RF communication modes, transmission may be addressed to a specific module or
group of modules using the DT (Destination Address) and MK (Address Mask) commands. A
receiving module will only accept a packet if it determines the packet is addressed to it, either as
a global or local packet. The receiving module makes this determination by inspecting the
destination address of the packet and comparing it to its own address and address mask [Figure
2.10]
Figure 2.10. Address Recognition (@ the Receiving Module)
The transmitting module determines whether the packet is intended for a specific node (local
address) or multiple nodes (global address) by comparing the packet’s destination address (DT)
and its own address mask (MK) [Figure 2.11]. It is assumed that the address masks on the
transmitting module and receiving module have been programmed to the same value for proper
operation in each RF Communication Mode.
Figure 2.11. Address Recognition (@ the Transmitting Module)
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Streaming Mode
Attributes:
Highest data throughput
Lowest latency and jitter
Reduced immunity to interference
Streaming mode transmissions never acknowledged by receiving module(s)
Required Parameter Values (TX Module): RR (Retries) = 0
Related Commands: Networking (DT, MK, MY), Serial Interfacing (PK, RB, RO, TT)
Recommended Use: Mode is most appropriate for data that is more sensitive to latency and/or
jitter than it is to occasional packet loss. For example: streaming audio or video.
Streaming Mode Connection Sequence
Events through the
Figure 2.12. Streaming Mode State Diagram
“Transmit Packet” process
are common to all RF
communication options.
Refer to the Transmit Mode
section [p11] for more
information.
When streaming data,
RB and RO parameters
are used only on the
first packet. After
transmission begins,
the TX event will
continue uninterrupted
until the DI buffer is
empty or the streaming
limit (TT Command) is
reached. As with the
first packet, the payload
of each subsequent
packet includes up to
the maximum packet
size (PK Command).
The streaming limit is
specified by the
transmitting module as
the maximum number of bytes the transmitting module can send in one transmission event. If
the TT parameter is reached, the transmitting module will force a random delay of 1 to RN delay
slots (exactly 1 delay slot if RN=0).
Subsequent packets are sent without an RF initializer since receiving modules stay synchronized
with the transmitting module for the duration of the transmission event (from preceding packet
information). However, due to interference, some receiving modules may lose data (and
synchronization to the transmitting module), particularly during long transmission events.
Once the transmitting module has sent all pending data or has reached the TT limit, the
transmission event ends. The transmitting module will not transmit again for exactly RN delay
slots if the local (i.e. transmitting module’s) RN parameter is set to a non-zero value. The
receiving module(s) will not transmit for a random number of delay slots between 0 and (RN-1) if
the local (i.e. receiving module’s) RN parameter is set to a non-zero value. These delays are
intended to lessen congestion following long bursts of packets from a single transmitting module,
during which several receiving modules may have become ready to transmit.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Acknowledged Mode
Attributes:
Reliable delivery through positive acknowledgements for each packet
Throughput, latency and jitter vary depending on the quality of the channel and
the strength of the signal.
Required Parameter Values (TX Module): RR (Retries) >= 1
Related Commands: Networking (DT, MK, RR), Serial Interfacing (PK, RN, RO, RB, TT)
Recommended Use: Use when Reliable Delivery is required between wireless links. If messages
are smaller than 256 bytes, use RB and RO commands to align RF packets to application packets.
Acknowledged Mode Connection Sequence
Events through the “Transmit
Figure 2.13. Acknowledged Mode State Diagram
Packet” process are common to all
RF communication options. Refer to
the Transmit Mode section [p11]
for more information.
After sending a packet while in
acknowledged mode, the
transmitting module listens for
an acknowledgement. If it
receives the ACK, it will either
move on to sending a
subsequent packet (if more
transmit data is pending), or will
wait for exactly RN random delay
slots before allowing another
transmission (if no more data is
pending to be transmitted).
If the transmitting module does
not receive the ACK within the
allotted time, it will retransmit
the packet with a new RF
initializer following the ACK slot.
There is no delay between the
first ACK slot and the first
retransmission. Subsequent
retransmissions incur a delay of
a random number of delay slots,
between 0 and RN. If RN is set
to 0 on the transmitting module,
there are never any back-off
delays between retransmissions.
Note that during back-off delays,
the transmitting module will go into Idle Mode and may receive RF data. This can have the effect
of increasing the back-off delay, as the radio cannot return to RF transmit (or retransmit) mode
as long as it is receiving RF data.
After receiving and acknowledging a packet, the receiving module will move to the next
frequency and listen for either a retransmission or new data, for a specific period of time. Even if
the transmitting module has indicated that it has no more pending transmit data, it may have not
received the previous ACK, and so may retransmit the packet, possibly with no delay after the
ACK slot. In this case, the receiving module will always detect the immediate retransmission,
which will hold off the communications channel and thereby reduce collisions. Receiving modules
acknowledge each retransmission they receive, but they only pass the first copy of a packet they
receive out the UART.
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
RB and RO parameters are not applied to subsequent packets, meaning that once transmission
has begun, it will continue uninterrupted until the DI buffer is empty or the streaming limit (TT)
has been reached. As with the first packet, the payload of each subsequent packet includes up to
the maximum packet size (PK), and the transmitting module checks for more pending data near
the end of each packet.
The streaming limit (TT) specifies the maximum number of bytes that the transmitting module
will send in one transmission event, which may consist of many packets and retries. If the TT
parameter is reached, the transmitting module will force a random delay of 1 to RN delay slots
(exactly 1 delay slot if RN is zero). Each packet is counted only once toward TT, no matter how
many times the packet is retransmitted.
Subsequent packets in acknowledged mode are similar to those in streaming mode, with the
addition of an acknowledgement between each packet, and the possibility of retransmissions.
Subsequent packets are sent without an RF initializer, as the receiving modules are already
synchronized to the transmitting module from the preceding packet(s) and they remain
synchronized for the duration of the transmission event. Each retransmission of a packet includes
an RF initializer.
Once the transmitting module has sent all pending data or has reached the TT limit, the
acknowledged transmission event is completed. The transmitting module will not transmit again
for exactly RN delay slots, if the local RN parameter is set to a nonzero value. The receiving
module will not transmit for a random number of delay slots between 0 and (RN-1), if the local
RN parameter is set to a nonzero value. These delays are intended to lessen congestion following
long bursts of packets from a single transmitting module, during which several receiving modules
may have themselves become ready to transmit.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Multi-Transmit Mode
Attributes:
Reliable Delivery through forced transmission of every RF packet
Every RF packet is sent exactly (MT + 1) times with no delays between packets
Diminished throughput and increased latency
Required Parameter Values (TX Module): MT (Multi-Transmit) >= 1
Other Related Commands: Networking (DT, MK, MY, RN, TT), Serial Interfacing (BR, PK, RB,
RO), RF Interfacing (FS)
Recommended Use: Use for applications that require Reliable Delivery without using retries and
acknowledgements.
Multi-Transmit Mode Connection Sequence
Events through the “Transmit Packet” process
Figure 2.14.
Acknowledged Mode State Diagram
are common to all RF communication options.
Refer to the Transmit Mode section [p11] for
more information.
In Multi-Transmit mode, each packet is retransmitted
MT times, for a total of (MT+1) transmissions. There
is no delay between retransmissions, and the
transmitting module will never receive RF data
between retransmissions. Each retransmission
includes an RF initializer. A transmission event may
include follow-on packets, each of which will be
retransmitted MT times. The Forced Sync (FS)
parameter is ignored in multiple-transmission mode.
The RB and RO parameters are not applied to followon packets, meaning that once transmission has
begun, it will continue uninterrupted until the DI
buffer is empty or the streaming limit (TT) has been
reached. As with the first packet, the payload of each
follow-on packet includes up to the maximum packet
size (PK) bytes, and the transmitting module checks
for more pending data near the end of each packet.
Follow-on packets are not sent until all
retransmissions of the previous packet are finished.
The streaming limit (TT) is specified at the
transmitting module as the maximum number of
bytes that the transmitting module can send in one
transmission event, which may consist of many
packets. If the TT parameter is reached, the
transmitting module will force a random delay of 1 to
RN delay slots (exactly 1 delay slot if RN is zero). In
Multi-Transmit mode, each packet is counted only
once when tracking the streaming limit (TT), no
matter how many times it is retransmitted.
When a receiving module receives a Multi-Transmit
packet, it calculates the amount of time remaining in
the Multi-Transmit event, and inhibits its own
transmissions for the duration of the Multi-Transmit event, plus a random number of delay slots
between 0 and (RN-1). If the local RN parameter is zero, the delay is only for the calculated
duration of the Multi-Transmit event. Thus, a receiving module need only receive one of the
transmissions, and it will keep off the channel until the transmitting module is done. If follow-on
packets are coming, the receiving modules will move to the new frequency and listen for the
follow-on packet for a specific period of time.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Advanced Programming
Programming the Module
For information about entering and exiting AT and Binary Command Modes, refer to the
Command Mode section [p15].
AT Command Example
To Send AT Commands (Using the Terminal tab of MaxStream’s X-CTU Software)
Example: Both of the following examples change the module’s destination address to 0x1A0D and
save the new address to non-volatile memory.  stands for “Carriage Return” or “Enter” key.
Method 1 (One line per command)
Send AT Command
+++
ATDT
ATDT1A0D< Enter>
ATWR
ATCN
System Response
OK  (Enter into Command Mode)
0  (Read current destination address)
OK  (Change destination address)
OK  (Write to non-volatile memory)
OK  (Exit Command Mode)
Method 2 (Multiple commands on one line)
Send AT Command
+++
ATDT
ATDT1A0D,WR,CN
System Response
OK  (Enter into Command Mode)
0  (Read current destination address)
OK  (Execute commands)
Note: In order to use a host PC and the X-CTU Software Terminal tab to send data to the module, the
PC com port settings must match module parameter values: baud (serial data rate), parity & stop bits.
Use the “PC Settings” tab to configure PC com port settings to match module parameter values.
[Refer to BD (Baud Rate) and NB (Parity) Commands for module parameter values.]
Binary Command Example
To Send Binary Commands:
Example: Use binary commands to change the XTend Module’s destination address to 0x1A0D
and save the new address to non-volatile memory.
1.
RT Command must be set to “1” in AT Command Mode to enable binary programming.
2.
Assert CMD (Pin 10 is driven high).
(Enter Binary Command Mode)
3.
Send Bytes:
(Send DT (Destination Address) Command)
(Least significant byte of parameter bytes)
(Most significant byte of parameter bytes)
(Send WR (Write) Command)
4.
De-assert CMD (Pin 10 is driven low)
Note:
as
00
0D
1A
08
(Exit Binary Command Mode)
(pin 9) is high when command is being executed. Hardware flow control must be disabled
will hold off parameter bytes.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Command Descriptions (short)
Table 3.1.
AT
Command
%V
AM
AT
BD
BR
BT
CC
CD
CF
CN
CS
CT
DB
DT
E0
E1
ER
FH
FL
FS
FT
GD
HP
HT
HV
XTend Commands (“d” denotes decimal equivalent)
Binary
Command
0x3B (59d)
0x40 (64d)
0x05 (5d)
0x15 (21d)
0x39 (57d)
0x04 (4d)
0x13 (19d)
0x28 (40d)
0x09 (9d)
0x1F (31d)
0x06 (6d)
0x36 (54d)
0x00 (0d)
0x0A (10d)
0x0B (11d)
0x0F (15d)
0x0D (13d)
0x07 (7d)
0x3E (62d)
0x24 (36d)
0x10 (16d)
0x11 (17d)
0x03 (3d)
AT Command Name
Parameter Range
Board Voltage
Auto-set MY
Guard Time After
Baud Rate (Serial Data Rate)
RF Data Rate
Guard Time Before
Command Sequence Character
GPO2 Configuration
Number Base
Exit Command Mode
GPO1 Configuration
Command Mode Timeout
Received Signal Strength
Destination Address
Echo Off
Echo On
Receive Error Count
Force Wake-up Initializer
Software Flow Control
Forced Sync Time
Flow Control Threshold
Receive Good Count
Hopping Channel
Time before Wake-up Initializer
Hardware Version
0x2CCCA – 0x5BFFA [read-only]
0 – 0xFFFF
2 - (ATST-3) [x 100 msec]
0-8
0-1
0 – 0xFFFF [x 100 msec]
0x20 - 0x7F
0-2
0-2
0-4
2 – 0xFFFF [x 100 ms]
0x6E to 0x28 [read-only]
0 - 0xFFFF
0 – 0xFFFF
0-1
1 – 0xFFFF [x 10 msec]
0 – DI Buffer size (bytes)
0 – 0xFFFF
0-9
0 – 0xFFFF [x 100 msec]
0 – 0xFFFF [read-only]
0 - 0x7FFF (user-settable)
0x8000 - 0xFFFF [factory-set]
0 – (Any other 64-digit hex valid key)
0 – 0xFF [x 100 msec]
0 - 0xFFFF
0 – 0xFF
0 - 0xFFFF
0-4
1 – 0x800 [Bytes]
0-4
0-1
1 - Current value of PK
0 – 0x31 [dBm, read-only]
No parameter – 0x7D0 [read-only]
0 – 0xFF (slots)
0 – 0xFFFF [x UART character time]
0 – 0xFF [x 100 msec]
0 – 0xFF
0-2
0-1
0 – 0xFFFF [read-only]
0 – 0xFFFF [read-only]
0 - 2, 4 - 8; 3 reserved
(ATAT+3) – 0x7FFF [x 100 msec]
0 – 0x7F [read-only]
0 – 0xFFFF [read-only]
0 – 0xFFFF [0 = disabled]
0-1
Returns string
0 - 0xFFFF [read-only]
Returns string
Returns string
Returns string
ID
0x27 (39d)
Modem VID
KY
LH
MK
MT
MY
NB
PK
PL
PW
RB
RC
RE
RM
RN
RO
RP
RR
RT
SB
SH
SL
SM
ST
TP
TR
TT
TX
VL
VR
WA
WN
WR
WS
0x3C (60d)
0x0C (12d)
0x12 (18d)
0x3D (61d)
0x2A (42d)
0x23 (35d)
0x29 (41d)
0x3A (58d)
0x1D (29d)
0x20 (32d)
0x0E (14d)
0x19 (25d)
0x21 (33d)
0x22 (34d)
0x18 (24d)
0x16 (22d)
0x37 (55d)
0x25 (37d)
0x26 (38d)
0x01 (1d)
0x02 (2d)
0x38 (56d)
0x1B (27d)
0x1A (26d)
0x3F (63d)
0x14 (20d)
0x08 (8d)
AES Encryption Key
Wake-up Initializer Timer
Address Mask
Multi-Transmit
Source Address
Parity
Maximum RF Packet Size
TX Power Level
Pin Wake-up
Packetization Threshold
Ambient Power - Single Channel
Restore Defaults
Ambient Power - All Channels
Delay Slots
Packetization Timeout
RSSI PWM Timer
Retries
GPI1 Configuration
Stop Bits
Serial Number High
Serial Number Low
Sleep Mode
Time before Sleep
Board Temperature
Delivery Failure Count
Streaming Limit
Transmit Only
Firmware Version - verbose
Firmware Version
Active Warning Numbers
Warning Data
Write
Sticky Warning Numbers
Command
Category
Diagnostics
Networking & Security
Command Mode Options
Serial Interfacing
RF Interfacing
Command Mode Options
Command Mode Options
Serial Interfacing
Command Mode Options
Command Mode Options
Serial Interfacing
Command Mode Options
Diagnostics
Networking & Security
Command Mode Options
Command Mode Options
Diagnostics
Sleep (Low Power)
Serial Interfacing
RF Interfacing
Serial Interfacing
Diagnostics
Networking & Security
Sleep (Low Power)
Diagnostics
# Bytes
Returned
Factory
Default
0x0A (10d)
0x0A (10d)
0x2B [“+”] (43d)
0xC8 (200d)
varies
0xFFFF (65535d)
0x14FF (5375d)
Networking & Security
0x3332 (13106d)
Networking & Security
Sleep (Low Power)
Networking & Security
Networking & Security
Networking & Security
Serial Interfacing
RF Interfacing
RF Interfacing
Sleep (Low Power)
Serial Interfacing
Diagnostics
(Special)
Diagnostics
Networking & Security
Serial Interfacing
Diagnostics
Networking & Security
Serial Interfacing
Serial Interfacing
Diagnostics
Diagnostics
Sleep (Low Power)
Sleep (Low Power)
Diagnostics
Diagnostics
Networking & Security
RF Interfacing
Diagnostics
Diagnostics
Diagnostics
Diagnostics
(Special)
Diagnostics
0xFFFF (65535d)
0xFFFF (65535d)
0x800 (2048d)
4 [1 Watt]
0x800 (2048d)
0x20 (32d)
0x0A (10d)
varies
varies
0x64 (100d)
* Firmware version in which the command and parameter options were first supported.
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Command Descriptions (long)
Commands in this section are listed alphabetically. Command categories are designated between
the “< >” symbols that follow each command title. By default, XTend Modules expect numerical
values in hexadecimal since the default value of the CF (Number Base) Parameter is ‘1’.
Hexadecimal values are designated by the “0x” prefix and decimal values by the “d” suffix.
%V (Board Voltage) Command
 %V Command is used to read the
current voltage of the XTend Module circuit
board.
Sample Output: 5.02 V
5051F
5.02
(when ATCF = 0)
(when ATCF = 1) *
(when ATCF = 2)
* When CF = 1 (default), a hex integer is shown
that is equal to (voltage * 65536d).
AT Command: AT%V
Binary Command: 0x3B (59 decimal)
Parameter Range (read-only):
0x2CCCA – 0x5BFFA
(2.80 – 5.75 decimal)
Number of bytes returned: 2
AM (Auto-set MY) Command
 AM Command is used
to automatically set the MY (Source Address)
parameter from the factory-set module serial
number. The address is formed with bits 29, 28
AT Command: ATAM
Binary Command: 0x40 (64 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
and 13-0 of the serial number (in that order).
The value is displayed as a result of this command.
AT (Guard Time After) Command
 AT Command is used
to set/read the time-of-silence that follows the
command sequence character (CC Command). By
default, 1 second must elapse before and after
the command sequence character.
The default sequence used to enter AT Command
Mode is as follows:
• No characters sent for 1 second [BT (Guard
Time Before) Command]
• Send three plus characters “+++” [CC
(Command Sequence Character) Command]
AT Command: ATAT
Binary Command: 0x05 (5 decimal)
Parameter Range: 2 – (ATST-3), up to 0x7FFC
[x 100 milliseconds]
Default Parameter Value: 0x0A (10 decimal)
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: BT (Guard Time Before),
CC (Command Sequence Character)
• No characters sent for 1 second [AT (Guard Time After) Command]
All of the values in this sequence can be adjusted. AT Command is used to adjust the period of
silence that follows the command sequence character.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
BD (Baud Rate) Command
 BD Command is used to
AT Command: ATBD
set/read the UART I/O serial data rate (the rate at
Binary Command: 0x15 (21 decimal)
which serial data is sent to the module). Newly
modified serial data rates do not take effect until
the module exits Command Mode [refer to CN
(Exit Command Mode) and CT (Command Mode
Timeout) Commands].
The RF data rate is not affected by the BD
Command.
Note: If the serial data rate is set to exceed the
fixed RF data rate of the XTend module,
flow
control may need to be implemented. Refer to the
Pin Signals [p6] and CS (GPO1 Configuration
Command [p27] sections for more information.
Parameter Range: 0 – 8
Parameter
Value
BAUD (bps)
Configuration
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
57600
115200
230400
Default Parameter Value: 3
Number of bytes returned: 1
BR (RF Data Rate) Command
 BR Command is used to
AT Command: ATBR
set/read the RF data rate (rate that RF data is
transmitted over-the-air) of the module.
Binary Command: 0x39 (57 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 1
Parameter
Value
BAUD (bps)
Configuration
10,000
120,00
Default Parameter Value: 1
Number of bytes returned: 1
BT (Guard Time Before) Command
 BT Command is used
to set/read the time-of-silence that precedes the
command sequence character (CC Command) of
the AT Command Mode Sequence.
The default sequence used to enter AT Command
Mode is as follows:
• No characters sent for 1 second
[BT (Guard Time Before) Command]
• Send three plus characters “+++” [CC
(Command Sequence Character) Command]
AT Command: ATBT
Binary Command: 0x04 (4 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
[x 100 milliseconds]
Default Parameter Value: 0x0A (10 decimal)
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: AT (Guard Time After),
CC (Command Sequence Character)
• No characters sent for 1 second [AT (Guard Time After) Command]
All values in the sequence can be modified.
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CC (Command Sequence Character) Command
 CC Command is used
to set/read the ASCII character used between
Guard Times of the AT Command Mode Sequence
AT Command: ATCC
Binary Command: 0x13 (19 decimal)
(BT+ CC + AT). The AT Command Mode
Parameter Range: 0x20 – 0x7F
Sequence activates AT Command Mode (from
Idle Mode).
Default Parameter Value: 0x2B (ASCII “+” sign)
The default sequence used to enter AT Command
Mode is as follows:
Related Commands: AT (Guard Time After), BT
(Guard Time Before)
• No characters sent for 1 second [BT (Guard
Time Before) Command]
Number of bytes returned: 1
• Send three plus characters “+++” [CC (Command Sequence Character) Command]
• No characters sent for 1 second [AT (Guard Time After) Command]
All of the values in this sequence can be adjusted.
CD (GPO2 Configuration) Command
 CD Command is used to
select/read the behavior of the GPO2 line (pin 3).
AT Command: ATCD
Binary Command: 0x28 (40 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 2
Parameter
Value
Configuration
RX LED
Default high
Default low
Default Parameter Value: 2
Number of bytes returned: 1
CF (Number Base) Command
 CF command is used
to set/read command formatting setting.
AT Command: ATCF
The following commands are always entered and
read in hex, no matter the CF setting:
Parameter Range: 0 – 2
VR (Firmware Version), HV (Hardware Version),
KY (AES Encryption Key).
Binary Command: 0x1F (31 decimal)
Parameter
Value
Configuration
Commands utilize default
number base; decimal
commands may output
units
All commands are forced to
unsigned, unit-less hex
Commands utilize their
default number base; no
units are output
Default Parameter Value: 1
Number of bytes returned: 1
CN (Exit Command Mode) Command
 CN Command is used
to explicitly exit AT Command Mode.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
AT Command: ATCN
Binary Command: 0x09 (9 decimal)
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CS (GP01 Configuration) Command
 CS Command is used to
AT Command: ATCS
select the behavior of the GP01 pin (pin 9). This
Binary Command: 0x1F (31 decimal)
output can provide RS-232 flow control, control
the TX enable signal (for RS-485 or RS-422
operations), or set the default level for the I/O
line passing function.
By default, GP01 provides RS-232
Send) flow control.
Parameter Range: 0 – 4
Parameter
Value
(Clear-to-
Configuration
RS-232
flow control
RS-485 TX enable low
high
RS-485 TX enable high
low
Default Parameter Value: 0
Number of bytes returned: 1
Related Commands: RT (GPI1 Configuration),
TO (GP01 Timeout)
DB (Received Signal Strength) Command
 DB Command is used to read the
receive signal strength (in decibels relative to
milliWatts) of the last received packet. This
AT Command: ATDB
Binary Command: 0x36 (54 decimal)
characteristics of XTend Modules under various
conditions.
Parameter Range (read-only):
0x6E – 0x28
(-110 to -40 Decimal)
In default mode, this command shows the power
Number of bytes returned: 1
level in signed decimal format, with the units
Related Command: CN (Exit Command Mode)
parameter is useful in determining range
(dBm). If CF is set to 1, the magnitude of the
value is presented in unsigned hex. If CF is set to 2, the value is presented in decimal, but
without the units.
Sample Output:
-88 dBm
(when ATCF = 0)
58
-88
(when ATCF = 1)
(when ATCF = 2)
DT (Destination Address) Command
 DT Command is used
to set/read the networking address of an XTend
Module. XTend Modules uses three network
AT Command: ATDT
Binary Command: 0x00
layers –Vendor Identification Number (ATID),
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
Channels (ATHP), and Destination Addresses
Default Parameter Value: 0
(ATDT). DT Command assigns an address to a
module that enables it to communicate only with
other modules having the same addresses. All
modules that share the same Destination Address
can communicate freely with each other.
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: HP (Hopping Channel), ID
(Modem VID), MK (Address Mask)
Modules in the same network with a different Destination Address (than that of the transmitter)
will listen to all transmissions to stay synchronized, but will not send any of the data out their
serial ports.
E0 (Echo Off) Command
 E0 Command turns
off character echo in AT Command Mode. By
default, echo is off.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
AT Command: ATE0
Binary Command: 0x0A (10 decimal)
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
E1 (Echo On) Command
 E1 Command turns
on the character echo in AT Command Mode.
Each typed character will be echoed back to the
terminal when ATE1 is active. E0 is the default.
AT Command: ATE1
Binary Command: 0x0B (11 decimal)
ER (Receive Error Count) Command
 Set/Read the number of receiveerrors. The error count records the number of
packets partially received then aborted on a
AT Command: ATER
Binary Command: 0x0F (15 decimal)
reception error. This value returns to 0 after a
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
reset and is not non-volatile (Value does not
Default Parameter Value: 0
persist in the module’s memory after a power-up
sequence). Once the Receive Error Count reaches
its maximum value (up to 0xFFFF), it remains at
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: GD (Receive Good Count)
its maximum count value until the maximum
count value is explicitly changed or the module is reset.
The ER parameter is not reset by pin, serial port or cyclic sleep modes.
FH (Force Wake-up Initializer) Command
 FH Command is used to
force a Wake-up Initializer to be sent on the next
transmission. WR (Write) Command does not
need to be issued with FH Command.
AT Command: ATFH
Binary Command: 0x0D (13 decimal)
Use only with cyclic sleep modes active on remote modules.
FL (Software Flow Control) Command
 FL Command is used to
AT Command: ATFL
configure software flow control. Hardware flow
Binary Command: 0x07 (7 decimal)
control is implemented with the XTend Module as
), which regulates when
the GP01 pin (pin 9,
serial data can be transferred to the module.
FL Command can be used to allow software flow
control to also be enabled. XON character used is
0x11 (17 decimal). XOFF character used is 0x13
(19 decimal).
Parameter Range: 0 – 1
Parameter
Value
Configuration
Disable software
flow control
Enable software
flow control
Default Parameter Value: 0
Number of bytes returned: 1
FS (Forced Synch Time) Command
 FS Command only applies to
streaming data. Normally, only the first packet of
a continuous stream has the full RF initializer.
AT Command: ATFS
Binary Command: 0x3E (62 decimal)
subsequent packets of the stream. This
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
[x 10 milliseconds]
parameter can be used to periodically force an RF
Default Parameter Value: 0
initializer during such streaming. Any break in
Number of bytes returned: 2
The modules then remain synchronized for
UART character reception long enough to drain
the DI Buffer (UART receive buffer) and cause a pause in RF data transmission will also cause an
RF initializer to be inserted on the next transmission.
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FT (Flow Control Threshold) Command
 Set/Read the flow control
threshold. When FT bytes are in the received in
the DI buffer,
is asserted.
or XOFF software flow control
AT Command: ATFT
Binary Command: 0x24 (36 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – (Receive buffer size
minus 0x11 bytes)
Default Parameter Value: DO Buffer size minus
0x11 (decimal 17)
Number of bytes returned: 2
GD (Receive Good Count) Command
 Set/Read the count of good
received RF packets. Parameter value is reset to
0 after every reset and is not non-volatile (Value
AT Command: ATGD
Binary Command: 0x10 (16 decimal)
does not persist in the module’s memory after a
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
power-up sequence). Once the “Receive Good
Default Parameter Value: 0
Count” reaches its maximum value (up to
0xFFFF), it remains at its maximum count value
until the maximum count value is manually
changed or the module is reset.
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: ER (Receive Error Count)
The GD parameter is not reset by pin, serial port or cyclic sleep modes.
HP (Hopping Channel) Command
 HP Command is used
to set/read the module’s hopping channel
number. A channel is one of three layers of
addressing available to the XTend Module.
AT Command: ATHP
Binary Command: 0x11 (17 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 9
In order for modules to communicate with each
Default Parameter Value: 0
other, the modules must have the same channel
Number of bytes returned: 1
number since each channel uses a different
hopping sequence. Different channels can be
used to prevent modules in one network from
listening to transmissions of another.
Related Commands: ID (Modem VID), DT
(Destination Address), MK (Address Mask)
HT (Time before Wake-up Initializer) Command
 Set/read time of inactivity
(no serial or RF data is sent or received) before a
wake-up initializer is sent by a TX module. HT
should be set shorter than inactivity timeout [ST
Command] time of any RX modules operating in
Cyclic Sleep (SM=4-8). The wake-up initializer
sent by the TX module instructs all RX modules to
remain awake to receive RF data.
From the RX module perspective: After HT time
elapses and the inactivity timeout [ST Command]
is met, the RX module goes into cyclic sleep. In
AT Command: ATHT
Binary Command: 0x03 (3 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
[x 100 milliseconds]
Default Parameter Value: 0xFFFF (wake-up
initializer will not be sent)
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: LH (Wake-up Initializer
Timer), SM (Sleep Mode), ST (Time before
Sleep)
cyclic sleep, the RX module wakes once per sleep
interval [SM Command] to check for a wake-up initializer. When a wake-up initializer is detected,
the module stays awake to receive data. The wake-up initializer must be longer than the cyclic
sleep interval to ensure that sleeping modules detect incoming data.
When HT time elapses, the TX module knows it needs to send a wake-up Initializer for all RX
modules to remain awake and receive the next transmission.
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HV (Hardware Version) Command
 HV Command is used to read the
hardware version of the module.
AT Command: ATHV
Parameter Range (read-only): 0 – 0xFFFF
Default Parameter Value: 0x14FF (5375d)
Number of bytes returned: 2
ID (Modem VID) Command
 ID Command is used to
set/read the VID (Vendor Identification Number)
of the module. Modules must have matching VIDs
in order to communicate.
AT Command: ATID
Binary Command: 0x27 (39 decimal)
Parameter Range:
0 – 0x7FFF (user-settable)
0x8000 – 0xFFFF (factory-set)
Default Parameter Value: 0x3332 (13106d)
Number of bytes returned: 2
KY (AES Encryption Key) Command
 KY Command is used to
set the 256-bit AES (Advanced Encryption
Standard) key for encryption/decryption of data.
AT Command: ATKY
Binary Command: 0x3C (60 decimal)
module by any means. The entire payload of the
Parameter Range:
0 – (any other 64-digit hex valid key)
packet is encrypted using the key and the CRC is
Default Parameter Value: 0 (disabled)
computed across the ciphertext. When encryption
Number of bytes returned: 2
Once set, the key cannot be read out of the
is turned on, each packet carries an additional 16
bytes to convey the random CBC Initialization
Vector (IV) to the receiver(s).
Number Base: Always Hexadecimal
A module with the wrong key (or no key) will still receive encrypted data, but the resultant data
driven out the serial port will be meaningless. Likewise, a module with a key will still receive
unencrypted data sent from a module without a key, but the output will be meaningless.
Because CBC mode is utilized, repetitive data appears different in different transmissions due to
the randomly-generated IV.
LH (Wake-up Initializer Timer) Command
 LH Command is used to
set/read the duration of time for which the wakeup initializer is sent. When receiving modules are
AT Command: ATLH
Binary Command: 0x0C (12 decimal)
after a period of inactivity [specified by ST (Time
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFF
[x 100 milliseconds]
before Sleep) Command] and will periodically
Default Parameter Value: 1
awaken and listen for transmitted data. In order
Number of bytes returned: 1
put into Cyclic Sleep Mode, they power-down
for the receiving modules to remain awake, they
must detect ~35ms of the wake-up initializer.
LH Command must be used whenever a receiver
is operating in Cyclic Sleep Mode. This lengthens
Related Commands: HT (Time before Wake-up
Initializer), SM (Sleep Mode), ST (Time before
Sleep)
the Wake-up Initializer to a specific amount of time (in tenths of a second). The Wake-up
Initializer Time must be longer than the cyclic sleep time that is determined by SM (Sleep Mode)
Command. If the wake-up initializer time were less than the Cyclic Sleep interval, the connection
would be at risk of missing the wake-up initializer transmission.
Refer to Figures 3.1 & 3.2 of the SM Command description to view diagrams of correct and
incorrect configurations. The images help visualize the importance that the value of LH be greater
than the value of SM.
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
MK (Address Mask) Command
 MK Command is used
to set/read the “Address Mask”. All data packets
contain the Destination Address of the
transmitting module.
When an RF data packet is received, the
transmitter’s Destination Address is logically
“ANDed” (bitwise) with the Address Mask of the
receiver. The resulting value must match the
AT Command: ATMK
Binary Command: 0x12 (18 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
Default Parameter Value: 0xFFFF (65535d)
Destination address (DT parameter) of the
transmitting module must exactly match the
destination address of the receiving module.
Destination Address or the Address Mask of the
Number of bytes returned: 2
receiver for the packet to be received and sent
Related Commands: DT (Destination Address),
HP (Hopping Channel), ID (Modem VID), MY
(Source Address)
out the module’s DO serial port. If the “ANDed”
value does not match either the Destination
Address or the Address Mask of the receiver, the
packet is discarded. (All “0” values are treated as “irrelevant” values and are ignored.)
MT (Multi-Transmit) Command
 MT packets do not
request an acknowledgement from the receiving
module(s). MT takes precedence over RR, so if
both MT and RR are non-zero, then MT+1
packets will be sent, with no ACK requests.
AT Command: ATMT
Binary Command: 0x3D (61 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFF
When a receiving module receives a packet with
Default Parameter Value: 0 (no forced
retransmissions)
remaining forced retransmissions, it calculates
Number of bytes returned: 1
the length of the packet and inhibits transmission
Related Commands: Networking (DT, MK, MY,
RN, TT), Serial Interfacing (BR, PK, RB, RO), RF
Interfacing (FS)
for the amount of time required for all
retransmissions. Thereafter, a random number of
delay slots are inserted between 0 and RN before
transmission is allowed from the receiving module(s). This prevents all listening modules from
transmitting at once upon conclusion of a multiple transmission event, as long as RN is non-zero.
Comment: Actual number of forced transmissions is the parameter value plus one. For example,
if MT=1, two transmissions of each packet will be sent.
MY (Source Address) Command
 Set/Read the source
address of the module.
AT Command: ATMY
Binary Command: 0x2A (42 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
Default Parameter Value: 0xFFFF (Disabled –
DT (Destination Address) parameter serves as
both source and destination address.)
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: DT (Destination Address),
HP (Hopping Channel), ID (Modem VID), MK
(Address Mask)
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
NB (Parity) Command
 Select/Read parity settings
for UART communications.
AT Command: ATNB
Binary Command: 0x23 (35 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 4
Parameter
Value
Configuration
8-bit (no parity or
7-bit (any parity)
8-bit even
8-bit odd
8-bit mark
8-bit space
Default Parameter Value: 0
Number of bytes returned: 1
PK (Maximum RF Packet Size) Command
 PK Command is used to
set/read the maximum size of RF packets. The
maximum packet size can be used along with
RB/RO to implicitly set the channel dwell time.
AT Command: ATPK
Binary Command: 0x29 (41 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 0x800 [Bytes]
changed to 0, then PK will automatically be
Default Parameter Value: 0x800*
(2048 decimal)
lowered to 256 and a warning will be raised (see
Number of bytes returned: 2
BR (RD Data Rate) and WN (Warning Data)
Commands for details).
Related Commands: BR (RF Data Rate) RB
(Packetization Threshold), RO (Packetization
Timeout), WN (Warning Data)
If PK is set above 256 and BR is subsequently
Changes to this parameter may have a secondary
effect on the RB (Packet Control Characters)
Parameter. RB must always be less than or equal to PK. If PK is changed to a value less than the
current value of RB, RB is automatically lowered to be equal to PK.
* When BR = 0, the maximum PK value is 0x100 (256d). When BR = 1, the maximum PK value
is 0x800 (2048d).
PL (Power Level) Command
 PL Command is used to
AT Command: ATPL
set/read the power level at which the module
transmits.
Binary Command: 0x3A (58 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 4
Parameter
Value
Configuration
1 mW
10 mW
100 mW
500 mW
1000 mW (1 Watt)
Default Parameter Value: 4
Number of bytes returned: 1
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
PW (Pin Wake-up) Command
 Under normal operation, a
AT Command: ATPW
module in Cyclic Sleep Mode cycles from an
Binary Command: 0x1D (29 decimal)
active state to a low-power state at regular
intervals until data is ready to be received. If the
PW Parameter is set to 1, the SLEEP Pin (pin 8)
can be used to awaken the module from Cyclic
Sleep. If the SLEEP Pin is de-asserted (low), the
Parameter Range: 0 – 1
Parameter
Value
Configuration
Disabled
Enabled
module will be fully operational and will not go
into Cyclic Sleep.
Default Parameter Value: 0
Once SLEEP is asserted, the module will remain
Related Commands: SM (Sleep Mode), ST (Time
before Sleep)
active for the period of time specified by ST
(Time before Sleep) Command, and will return to
Number of bytes returned: 1
Cyclic Sleep Mode (if no data is ready to be transmitted). PW Command is only valid if Cyclic
Sleep has been enabled.
RB (Packetization Threshold) Command
 RF transmission will
commence when data is in the DI Buffer and
either of the following criteria are met:
• RO character times of silence on the UART
receive lines (ignored if RO = 0)
• RB characters have been received by the
UART (ignored if RB = 0)
If PK is lowered below the value of RB, RB is
automatically lowered to match PK.
AT Command: ATRB
Binary Command: 0x20 (32 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – Current value of PK
Parameter (up to 0x800 Bytes)
Default Parameter Value: 0x800
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: BR (RF Data Rate), PK (RF
Packet Size), RO (Packetization Timeout)
Note: RB and RO criteria only apply to the first
packet of a multi-packet transmission. If data remains in the DI Buffer after the first packet,
transmissions will continue in streaming manner until there is no data left in the DI Buffer (UART
receive buffer).
RC (Ambient Power – Single Channel) Command
 RC Command is used to examine
and report the power level on a given channel.
Sample output:
-78 dBm
[when CF = 0]
4e
-78
[when CF = 1]
[when CF = 2]
AT Command: ATRC
Parameter Range (read-only): 0 – 0x31 [dBm]
Number of bytes returned: 1
Related Commands: RM (Ambient Power – All
channels)
RE (Restore Defaults) Command
 RE Command is used to restore all
configurable parameters to factory default
settings. However, RE Command will not write
AT Command: ATRE
Binary Command: 0x0E (14 decimal)
the default values to non-volatile (persistent) memory. Unless the WR (Write) Command is issued
after the RE command, the restored default settings will not be saved in the event of module
reset or power-down.
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RM (Ambient Power – All Channels) Command
 RM Command is used to examine
and report the power levels on all channels. If no
parameter is given, then the channels will be
scanned once. If a parameter is given, the
AT Command: ATRM
Parameter Range (read-only): no parameter –
0x7D0 (2000d)
Number of bytes returned: 2
channels will be repeatedly scanned for that
number of seconds (up to 2000d), and the
maximum power level seen for each channel is
reported (i.e. peak hold).
Related Commands: RC (Ambient Power –
Single channel)
A graphical spectrum analyzer application can be implemented by repeatedly calling ATRM with
no arguments and reading the resultant 50 power levels (easiest to do when CF = 1 or 2).
Sample output [when CF = 0]:
Ch 0: -100 dBm
Ch 1: -103 dBm
...
Ch 49: -99 dBm
Sample output [when CF = 1]:
64
67
...
63
Sample output [when CF = 2]:
-100
-103
…
-99
RN (Delay Slots) Command
 RN Command is used
to set/read the time delay that the transmitting
module inserts before attempting to resend a
AT Command: ATRN
Binary Command: 0x19 (25 decimal)
packet. If the transmitting module fails to receive
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFF [38 ms slots]
an acknowledgement after sending a packet, it
Default Parameter Value: 0 (no delay slots
inserted)
inserts a random number of delay slots (ranging
from 0 to (RN minus 1)) before attempting to
resend the packet. Each delay slot lasts for a
period of 38 ms.
If two modules attempt to transmit at the same
Number of bytes returned: 1
Related Commands: RR (Retries), TT
(Streaming Limit)
time, the random time delay after packet failure allows only one module to transmit the packet
successfully; while the other module waits until the channel available for RF transmission.
RN Command is only applicable if retries have been enabled [RR (Retries) Command] or if forced
delays will be inserted into a transmission [TT (Streaming Limit) Command].
RO (Packetization Timeout) Command
 RO Command is used to
set/read the Packetization Timeout setting. RF
transmission commences when data is in the DI
buffer and either of the following criteria are met:
• RO character times of silence on the UART
receive lines (ignored if RO = 0)
• RB characters have been received by the
UART (ignored if (RB = 0)
RB and RO criteria only apply to the first packet
of a multi-packet transmission. If data remains in
AT Command: ATRO
Binary Command: 0x21 (33 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
[ x UART character times ]
Default Parameter Value: 0x03 (3 decimal)
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: RB (Packetization
Threshold)
the DI Buffer (UART receive) after the first packet, transmissions will continue in streaming
manner until there is no data left in the DI Buffer (UART receive).
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RO Command (continued)
When RO is the transmission-beginning criteria: The actual time between the reception of the last
character from the UART and the beginning of RF transmission will be at least 800 µsec longer
than the actual RO time to allow for transmission setup. Additionally, it is subject to 100 - 200
µsec of additional uncertainty, which could be significant for small values of RO at high UART bit
rates.
The RO timer calculates the correct UART character time (10, 11, or 12 bits) based on the
following criteria:
• 1 start bit
• 8 data bits
• 0 or 1 parity bit (as set by ATNB)
• 1 or 2 stop bits (as set by ATSB)
RP (RSSI PWM Timer) Command
RP Command is used to enable a PWM (“Pulse
Width Modulation”) output on Pin 11
(Config/RSSI). The pin is calibrated to show the
AT Command: ATRP
Binary Command: 0x22 (34 decimal)
the sensitivity level of the module. PWM pulses
Parameter Range: 0 - 0xFF
[x 100 milliseconds]
vary from zero to 95 percent. Zero percent
Default Parameter Value: 0x20 (32 decimal)
difference between received signal strength and
means the received RF signal is at or below the
Number of bytes returned: 1
published sensitivity level of the module. The
following table shows dB levels above sensitivity and PWM values:
The total time period of the PWM output is 8.32 ms. PWM output consists of 40 steps and
therefore the minimum step size is 0.208 ms.
dBm above Sensitivity
PWM percentage
(high period / total period)
10
47.5
20
62.5
30
77.5
A non-zero value defines the time that PWM output is active with the RSSI value of the last
received RF packet. After the set time when no RF packets are received, PWM output is set low (0
percent PWM) until another RF packet is received. PWM output is also set low at power-up. A
parameter value of 0xFF permanently enables PWM output and always reflects the value of the
last received RF packet.
Pin 11 is shared between PWM output and Config input. When the module is powered, the Config
pin is an input. During the power-up sequence, if RP parameter is a non-zero value, the Config
pin is configured as an output and set low until the first RF packet is received. With a non-zero RP
parameter, the Config pin is an input for RP ms after power up.
RR (Retries) Command
 RR Command is used
to set/read the number of retries that can be sent
for a given RF packet. When RR Command is
AT Command: ATRR
Binary Command: 0x18 (24 decimal)
enabled (non-zero value) and when MT Command
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFF
equals zero, RF packet acknowledgements and
retries are enabled.
Default Parameter Value: 0x0A (10 decimal)
After transmitting a packet, the transmitting
Number of bytes returned: 1
module waits to receive an acknowledgement from a receiving module. If the acknowledgement
is not received in the period of time specified by RN (Delay Slots) Command, the original packet
is transmitted again. The RF packet is transmitted repeatedly until an acknowledgement is
received or until the packet is sent RR times.
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
RT (GPI1 Configuration) Command
RT Command is used to set/read the behavior of
AT Command: ATRT
the GPI1 pin (pin 10). The pin can be configured
Binary Command: 0x16 (22 decimal)
to enable binary programming or
control.
flow
Parameter Range: 0 – 2
Parameter
Value
Configuration
disabled
Enable Binary Programming
Enable
Flow Control
Default Parameter Value: 0
Number of bytes returned: 1
SB (Stop Bits) Command
 SB Command is used to
AT Command: ATSB
set/read the number of stop bits in the data
packets.
Binary Command: 0x37 (55 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 1
Parameter
Value
Configuration
1 stop bit
2 stop bits
Default Parameter Value: 0
Number of bytes returned: 1
SH (Serial Number High) Command
 SH Command is used to set/read
the serial number high word of the module.
AT Command: ATSH
Binary Command: 0x25 (37 decimal)
Parameter Range (read-only): 0 – 0xFFFF
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: SL (Serial Number Low)
SL (Serial Number Low) Command
 SL Command is used to set/read
the serial number low word of the module.
AT Command: ATSH
Binary Command: 0x26 (38 decimal)
Parameter Range (read-only): 0 – 0xFFFF
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: SH (Serial Number High)
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
SM (Sleep Mode) Command
 SM Command is
AT Command: ATSM
used to set/read the module’s Sleep Mode
Binary Command: 0x01
settings that configure the module to run in
states that require minimal power consumption.
Parameter Range: 0 – 8
Pin Sleep (SM = 1)
Next to Shutdown Mode, Pin Sleep requires the
least amount of power. In order to achieve this
state, SLEEP (pin 8) must be asserted (high). The
Parameter
Value
Configuration
Disabled
Pin Sleep
Serial Port Sleep
whether the XTend Module is active or in Sleep
reserved
Cyclic 1.0 second sleep
(Module wakes every 1.0
second)
Cyclic 2.0 second sleep
Mode. When GPI2 is de-asserted (low), the
Cyclic 4.0 second sleep
module is fully operational. When GPI2 is
Cyclic 8.0 second sleep
asserted (high), the module transitions to Sleep
Cyclic 16.0 second sleep
module remains in Pin Sleep until the SLEEP pin
is de-asserted.
After enabling Pin Sleep (SM=1), GPI2 controls
Mode and remains in its lowest power-consuming
state until the Sleep pin is de-asserted. GPI2 is
only active if the module is setup to operate in
this mode; otherwise the pin is ignored.
Once in Pin Sleep Mode, GP01 (pin 9,
) is de-
asserted (high), indicating that data should not
be sent to the module. PWR (pin 4) is also deasserted (low) when the module is in Pin Sleep
Mode.
Serial Port Sleep (SM = 2)
Default Parameter Value: 0
Number of bytes returned: 1
Related Commands:
Pin Sleep – PC (Power-up Mode), PW (Pin
Wake-up)
Serial Port Sleep – ST (Time before Sleep)
Cyclic Sleep – ST (Time before Sleep), LH
(Wake-up Initializer Timer), HT (Time Before
Wake-up Initializer), PW (Pin Wake-up)
Serial Port Sleep is a Sleep Mode in which the XTend Module runs in a low power state until serial
data is detected on the DI pin.
When Serial Port Sleep is enabled, the module goes into Sleep Mode after a user-defined period
of inactivity (no transmitting or receiving of data). This period of time is determined by ST (Time
before Sleep) Command. Once a character is received through the DI pin, the module returns to
Idle Mode and is fully operational.
Cyclic Sleep (SM = 4-8)
Cyclic Sleep is the Sleep Mode in which the XTend Module enters into a low-power state and
awakens periodically to determine if any transmissions are being sent. Cyclic sleep settings wake
the module after the amount of time designated by the associated SM parameter values. If the
module detects a wake-up initializer during the time it is awake, the module synchronizes with
the transmitting module and starts receiving data after the wake-up initializer runs its duration.
Otherwise, the module returns to Sleep Mode and continues to cycle in and out of activity until a
wake-up initializer is detected. If a Cyclic Sleep setting is chosen, the ST, LH and HT parameters
must also be set as described in the “Sleep Mode” section of this manual.
When Cyclic Sleep settings are enabled, the XTend Module goes into Sleep Mode after a userdefined period of inactivity (no transmission or reception on the RF channel). The user-defined
period is determined by ST (Time before Sleep) Command.
While the module is in Cyclic Sleep Mode, GP01 (pin 9,
) is de-asserted (high) to indicate that
data should not be sent to the module during this time. When the module awakens to listen for
data, GP01 is asserted and any data received on the DI Pin is transmitted. PWR (pin 4) is also deasserted (low) when the module is in Cyclic Sleep Mode.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
SM Command (continued)
The module remains in Sleep Mode for a user-defined period of time ranging from 0.5 seconds to
16 seconds (SM Parameters 3 through 8). After this interval of time, the module returns to Idle
Mode and listens for a valid data packet for 100 ms. If the module does not detect valid data (on
any frequency), the module returns to Sleep Mode. If valid data is detected, the module
transitions into Receive Mode and receives incoming RF packets. The module then returns to
Sleep Mode after a Period of inactivity that is determined by ST “Time before Sleep” Command.
The module can also be configured to wake from cyclic sleep when GPI2 (pin 8, SLEEP) is deasserted (low). To configure a module to operate in this manner, PW (Pin Wake-up) Command
must be issued. Once GPI2 is de-asserted, the module is forced into Idle Mode and can begin
transmitting or receiving data. It remains active until no data is detected for the period of time
specified by the ST Command, at which point it resumes its low-power cyclic state.
Note: The cyclic interval time defined by SM (Sleep Mode) Command must be shorter than the interval
time defined by LH (Wake-up Initializer Timer).
For example: If SM=4 (Cyclic 1.0 second sleep), the LH Parameter should equal 0xB (“1.1” seconds).
With these parameters set, there is no risk of the receiving module being asleep for the duration of
wake-up initializer transmission. “Cyclic Scanning” explains in further detail the relationship between
“Cyclic Sleep” and “Wake-up Initializer Timer”
Cyclic Scanning. Each RF transmission consists of an RF Initializer and payload. The wake-up
initializer contains initialization information and all receiving modules must wake during the
wake-up initializer portion of data transmission in order to be synchronized with the transmitting
module and receive the data.
Figure 3.1. Correct Configuration (LH > SM):
Length of the wake-up initializer exceeds the time interval of Cyclic Sleep. The receiver is guaranteed to detect
the wake-up initializer and receive the accompanying payload data.
Figure 3.2. Incorrect Configuration (LH < SM):
Length of wake-up initializer is shorter than the time interval of Cyclic Sleep. This configuration is vulnerable
to the receiver waking and missing the wake-up initializer (and therefore also the accompanying payload data).
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
ST (Time before Sleep) Command
 ST Command is used
to set/read the period of time (milliseconds) in
which the module remains inactive before
entering Sleep Mode.
For example, if the ST Parameter is set to 0x64
(100 decimal), the module will enter into Sleep
mode after 10 seconds of inactivity (no
transmitting or receiving).
This command can only be used if Cyclic Sleep or
Serial Port Sleep Mode settings have been
selected using SM (Sleep Mode) Command.
AT Command: ATST
Binary Command: 0x02 (2 decimal)
Parameter Range: (ATAT+3) – 0x7FFF
[x 100 milliseconds]
Default Parameter Value: 0x64 (100 decimal)
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: SM (Sleep Mode), LH
(Wake-up Initializer Timer), HT (Time before
Wake-up Initializer)
TP (Board Temperature) Command
 TP Command is used to read the
current temperature of the board.
Sample Output: 26 C
1A
26
[when ATCF = 0]
[when ATCF = 1]
[when ATCF = 2]
AT Command: ATTP
Binary Command: 0x38 (56 decimal)
Parameter Range (read-only): 0– 0x7F
Number of bytes returned: 1
Related Commands: WN (Warning Data)
TR (Transmit Error Count) Command
 TR Command is used to report the
number of retransmit failures. This number is
incremented each time a packet is not
AT Command: ATTR
Binary Command: 0x1B (27 decimal)
acknowledged within the number of retransmits
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
specified by RR (Retries) Command. It therefore
Default Parameter Value: 0
counts the number of packets that were not
successfully received and were subsequently
dropped.
Number of bytes returned: 2
Related Commands: RR (Retries)
TR Parameter is not non-volatile and will therefore be reset to zero when the module is reset.
TT (Streaming Limit) Command
 TT Command is used to
set/read the limit on the number of bytes that
can be sent out before a random delay is issued.
If a module is sending a continuous stream of RF
AT Command: ATTT
Binary Command: 0x1A (26 decimal)
Parameter Range: 0 – 0xFFFF
data, a delay is inserted which stops its
Default Parameter Value: 0 (disabled)
transmission and allows other modules time to
Number of bytes returned: 2
transmit (once it sends TT bytes of data).
Inserted random delay lasts between 1 & ‘RN +
1’ delay slots, where each delay slot lasts 38 ms.
Related Commands: RN (Delay Slots)
TT command can be used to simulate full-duplex behavior.
TX (Transmit Only) Command
 TX Command is used to
AT Command: ATTX
set/read the transmit/receive behaviors of the
Binary Command: 0x3F (63 decimal)
module. Setting a module to TX-only may reduce
latency because the transmitting module will
never be "stuck" receiving data from other
modules.
Parameter Range: 0 – 1
Parameter
Value
Configuration
TX and RX
TX only
Default Parameter Value: 0
Number of bytes returned: 1
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
VL (Firmware Version - verbose) Command
 VL Command is used to read the
verbose firmware version of the XTend Module.
AT Command: ATVL
Sample output: Firmware version 0.8, Apr 16
2004 10:46:57
Number of bytes returned: 2
Parameter Range: Returns string
VR (Firmware Version) Command
 VR Command is used to read the
firmware version of the XTend Module.
AT Command: ATVR
Binary Command: 0x14 (20 decimal)
Parameter Range (read-only): 0 – 0xFFFF
Number of bytes returned: 2
WA (Active Warning Numbers) Command
 WA Command reports the warning
numbers of all active warnings - one warning
number per line. No further information is shown
and warning counts are not reset.
AT Command: ATWA
Parameter Range: Returns string – one
warning number per line.
Sample Output (indicates warnings 1 and 3 are currently active):
OK
WN (Active Warning Numbers) Command
 WN Command is used to report
detailed data for all active and sticky warnings.
• Warning number & description
AT Command: ATWN
Parameter Range: Returns string
• Number of occurrences since the last WN or WS command
• Whether the warning is currently active
Warnings which are not currently active, and have not been active since the last WN or WS
command, are not displayed. WN Command also resets all non-zero warning counts, except for
warnings that are presently active, which are set to 1.
Sample output:
Warning Number
Warning 1: Under-voltage
3 occurrences; presently active
Warning 4: Over-temperature
5 occurrences; presently inactive.
Description
Under-voltage. This is caused if the supply voltage falls below the minimum threshold for the lowest power level (2.8 V). If/when the voltage
rises above the threshold, the warning is deactivated. The module will not transmit below this voltage threshold.
Over-voltage. This is caused if the supply voltage exceeds 5.75 V. Transmission is not allowed while this warning is active.
Under-temperature. This is caused if the temperature sensed by the module is less than -40 C. The module does not artificially limit operation
while this warning is active, but module functionality is not guaranteed.
Over-temperature. This is caused if the temperature sensed by the module is greater than 105 C. The module does not allow transmission
nor reception while this warning is active. The warning is deactivated when the temperature falls to 100 C.
Power reduced. This is caused if the transmit power has to be reduced from the level programmed by PL Command due to insufficient supply
voltage. The 1 W power level requires 4.75 V or higher; 500 mW requires 3.0 V or higher; 100 mW, 10 mW and 1 mW require 2.8 V or higher.
Default calibration data in flash. This is caused if the module-specific power calibration data is either not present or is invalid, or if none of the
parameters have been modified from their default values. Power levels may be incorrect.
Default configuration parameters in flash. This is caused if the user-modifiable parameters (i.e. those stored by a 'WR' command) in flash are
all the compiled-in default values. This is caused if the user configuration is found to be not present or invalid at power-up and there is no user
custom configuration, or if no user-modifiable parameters have been modified from the compiled-in defaults. Note that modification of one or
more parameters without the subsequent ATWR to commit the changes to flash will not deactivate this warning, since it reflects the status of
the parameters in flash. Note as well that this warning does not reflect usage of the custom configuration defaults, only usage of the compiledin defaults.
Default factory configuration parameters in flash. This is caused if the factory parameters (i.e. those stored by a 'WP' command) in flash are
all the default values. This is caused if the factory configuration is found to be not present or invalid at power-up, or if no factory parameters
have been modified. Note that modification of one or more parameters without the subsequent ATWP to commit the changes to flash will not
deactivate this warning, since it reflects the status of the parameters in flash.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
WR (Write) Command
<(Special)> WR Command writes configurable
parameters to the module’s non-volatile memory
AT Command: ATWR
Binary Command: 0x08
(Parameter values remain in the modem’s
memory until overwritten by future use of WR Command).
If changes are made without writing them to non-volatile memory, the module reverts back to
previously saved parameters the next time the module is powered-on.
WS (Sticky Warning Numbers) Command
 WS Command reports the warning
numbers of all warnings which have been active
since the last use of WS or WN command,
including any warnings which are currently
active. No further information is shown.
AT Command: ATWS
Parameter Range (read-only): 1 – 8
Number of bytes returned: 1
This command also resets all non-zero warning counts, except for warnings that are presently
active, which are set to 1.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Appendix A:
Agency Certifications
FCC Certification
The XTend OEM RF Module complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations. Compliance
with labeling requirements, FCC notices and antenna regulations is required.
Labeling Requirements
In order to inherit MaxStream’s FCC Certification, compliance requires the following be stated on
the device and within its operation manual:
FCC ID: Pending
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept
any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Label Warning
WARNING
The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) must ensure that FCC labeling
requirements are met. This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the
final product enclosure that displays the contents shown in the figure below.
Figure A.1.
Required FCC Label for OEM products containing the 9XTend (900 MHz) OEM RF Module
Contains FCC ID: Pending
The enclosed device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept
any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
FCC Notices
Adherence to the following is required:
IMPORTANT: The XTend OEM RF Modules have been certified by the FCC for use with other products
without any further certification (as per FCC section 2.1091). Changes or modifications not expressly
approved by MaxStream could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
IMPORTANT: OEMs must test their final product to comply with unintentional radiators (FCC section
15.107 and 15.109) before declaring compliance of their final product to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
IMPORTANT: The XTend OEM RF Modules have been certified for fixed base station and mobile
applications. If modules will be used for portable applications, the device must undergo SAR testing.
NOTE:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions,
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment
off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiving module.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiving
module is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Antenna Warning
WARNING:
This device has been tested with Reverse Polarity SMA connectors with the
antennas listed in Tables A.1 – A.7 of Appendix A. When integrated into OEM
products, fixed antennas require installation preventing end-users from replacing
them with non-approved antennas. Antennas not listed in the tables must be
tested to comply with FCC Section 15.203 (unique antenna connectors) and Section
15.247 (emissions).
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
FCC-Approved Antennas (900 MHz)
Fixed Base Station and Mobile Applications
MaxStream Modules are pre-FCC approved for use in fixed base station and mobile applications.
When the antenna is mounted at least 20 cm (8”) from nearby persons, the application is
considered a mobile application.
Portable Applications and SAR Testing
When the antenna is mounted closer than 20 cm to nearby persons, then the application is
considered “portable” and requires an additional test be performed on the final product. This test
is called the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) testing and measures the emissions from the module
and how they affect the person.
RF Exposure
(This statement must be included as a CAUTION statement in OEM product manuals.)
WARNING:
This equipment is approved only for mobile and base station transmitting devices.
Antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation
distance of at least 30 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or
operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
NOTE: The separation distance indicated in the above is 30 cm, but any distance greater than or
equal to 23 cm can be used (per MPE evaluation).
To fulfill FCC Certification requirements:
1.
Integrator must ensure required text [Figure A.1] is clearly placed on the outside of the final
product.
2.
XTend Module may be used only with Approved Antennas that have been tested with this
module. [Refer to Tables A.1 – A.7]
1 Watt Transmit Power Output or Lower
Table A.1.
Half-wave antennas (approved when operating at 1 Watt power output or lower.)
Part Number
Type
Connector
Gain
Application
A09-HSM-7
A09-HASM-675
A09-HABMM-P6I
A09-HABMM-6-P6I
A09-HBMM-P6I
A09-HRSM
A09-HASM-7
A09-HG
A09-HATM
A09-H
Straight half-wave
Articulated half-wave
Articulated half-wave w/ 6” pigtail
Articulated half-wave w/ 6” pigtail
Straight half-wave w/ 6” pigtail
Right angle half-wave
Articulated half-wave
Glass mounted half-wave
Articulated half-wave
Half-wave dipole
RPSMA
RPSMA
MMCX
MMCX
MMCX
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPTNC
RPSMA
3.0 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Table A.2.
Yagi antennas (approved when operating at 1 Watt power output or lower.)
Part Number
Type
Connector
Gain
Required Antenna Cable Loss
Application
A09-Y6
A09-Y7
A09-Y8
A09-Y6TM
A09-Y7TM
A09-Y8TM
2 Element Yagi
3 Element Yagi
4 Element Yagi
2 Element Yagi
3 Element Yagi
4 Element Yagi
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
6.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
8.1 dBi
6.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
8.1 dBi
- 0.1 dB*
- 1.1 dB*
- 2.1 dB*
- 0.1 dB*
- 1.1 dB*
- 2.1 dB*
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
* FCC regulations stipulate a 36 dBm EIRP power requirement. Users implementing antenna gain greater than 6.0 dB must compensate for the
added gain with cable loss. When operating at 1 W power output, the sum (in dB) of cable loss and antenna gain shall not exceed 6.0 dB.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Table A.3.
Omni-directional base station antennas (approved when operating at 1 Watt power output or lower.)
Part Number
A09-F0
A09-F1
A09-F2
A09-F3
A09-F4
A09-F5
A09-F6
A09-F7
A09-F8
A09-W7
A09-F0
A09-F1
A09-F2
A09-F3
A09-F4
A09-F5
A09-F6
A09-F7
A09-F8
A09-W7SM
A09-F0TM
A09-F1TM
A09-F2TM
A09-F3TM
A09-F4TM
A09-F5TM
A09-F6TM
A09-F7TM
A09-F8TM
A09-W7TM
Table A.4.
Connector
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
Gain
0 dBi
1.0 dBi
2.1 dBi
3.1 dBi
4.1 dBi
5.1 dBi
6.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
8.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
0 dBi
1.0 dBi
2.1 dBi
3.1 dBi
4.1 dBi
5.1 dBi
6.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
8.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
0 dBi
1.0 dBi
2.1 dBi
3.1 dBi
4.1 dBi
5.1 dBi
6.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
8.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
Required Antenna Cable Loss
- 0.1 dB*
- 1.1 dB*
- 2.1 dB*
- 1.1 dB*
- 0.1 dB*
- 1.1 dB*
- 2.1 dB*
- 1.1 dB*
- 0.1 dB*
- 1.1 dB*
- 2.1 dB*
- 1.1 dB*
Application
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Mag Mount antennas (approved when operating at 1 Watt power output or lower.)
Part Number
A09-M0SM
A09-M2SM
A09-M3SM
A09-M5SM
A09-M7SM
A09-M8SM
A09-M0TM
A09-M2TM
A09-M3TM
A09-M5TM
A09-M7TM
A09-M8TM
Table A.5.
Type
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Wire Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Wire Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Fiberglass Base Station
Wire Base Station
Type
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Mag Mount
Connector
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
Gain
0 dBi
2.1 dBi
3.1 dBi
5.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
8.1 dBi
0 dBi
2.1 dBi
3.1 dBi
5.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
8.1 dBi
Required Antenna Cable Loss
-1.1 dB*
-2.1 dB*
-1.1 dB*
-2.1 dB*
Application
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Multi-path antennas (approved when operating at 1 Watt power output or lower.)
Part Number
A09-DPSM-P12F
A09-D3NF-P12F
A09-D3SM-P12F
A09-D3PNF
A09-D3TM-P12F
A09-D3PTM
A92-D4PNF
A92-D4P
A92-D4PTM
Type
omni directional permanent mount w/ 12ft pigtail
omni directional magnetic mount w/ 12ft pigtail
omni directional w/ 12ft pigtail
omni directional permanent mount
omni directional w/ 12ft pigtail
omni directional permanent mount
900 MHz / 2.4GHz permanent mount
900 MHz / 2.4GHz permanent mount
900 MHz / 2.4GHz permanent mount
Connector
RPSMA
RPN
RPSMA
RPN
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPN
RPSMA
RPTNC
Gain
3.0 dBi
3.0 dBi
3.0 dBi
3.0 dBi
3.0 dBi
3.0 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
2.1 dBi
Application
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
* FCC regulations stipulate a 36 dBm EIRP power requirement. Users implementing antenna gain greater than 6.0 dB must compensate for the
added gain with cable loss. When operating at 1 W power output, the sum (in dB) of cable loss and antenna gain shall not exceed 6.0 dB.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
100 milliWatt Transmit Power Output or Lower
Table A.6.
Monopole antennas (approved when operating at 100 mW power output or lower.)
Part Number
A09-QW
A09-QRAMM
A09-QSM-3
A09-QSM-3H
A09-QBMM-P6I
A09-QHRN
A09-QHSN
A09-QHSM-2
A09-QHRSM-2
A09-QHRSM-170
A09-QRSM-380
A09-QAPM-520
A09-QSPM-3
A09-QAPM-3
A09-QAPM-3H
Table A.7.
Type
Quarter-wave wire
3 “ Quarter-wave wire
Quarter-wave straight
Heavy duty quarter-wave straight
Quarter-wave w/ 6” pigtail
Miniature Helical Right Angle solder
Miniature Helical Right Angle solder
2” Straight
2" Right angle
1.7" Right angle
3.8" Right angle
5.2” Articulated Screw mount
3” Straight screw mount
3” Articulated screw mount
3” Articulated screw mount
Connector
Permanent
MMCX
RPSMA
RPSMA
MMCX
Permanent
Permanent
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
RPSMA
Permanent
Permanent
Permanent
Permanent
Gain
1.9 dBi
2.1 dBi
1.9 dBi
1.9 dBi
1.9 dBi
-1 dBi
-1 dBi
1.9 dBi
1.9 dBi
1.9 dBi
1.9 dBi
1.9 dBi
1.9 dBi
1.9 dBi
1.9 dBi
Application
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Yagi antennas (approved when operating at 100 mW power output or lower.)
Part Number
A09-Y6
A09-Y7
A09-Y8
A09-Y9
A09-Y10
A09-Y11
A09-Y12
A09-Y13
A09-Y14
A09-Y14
A09-Y15
A09-Y15
A09-Y6TM
A09-Y7TM
A09-Y8TM
A09-Y9TM
A09-Y10TM
A09-Y11TM
A09-Y12TM
A09-Y13TM
A09-Y14TM
A09-Y14TM
A09-Y15TM
A09-Y15TM
Type
2 Element Yagi
3 Element Yagi
4 Element Yagi
4 Element Yagi
5 Element Yagi
6 Element Yagi
7 Element Yagi
9 Element Yagi
10 Element Yagi
12 Element Yagi
13 Element Yagi
15 Element Yagi
2 Element Yagi
3 Element Yagi
4 Element Yagi
4 Element Yagi
5 Element Yagi
6 Element Yagi
7 Element Yagi
9 Element Yagi
10 Element Yagi
12 Element Yagi
13 Element Yagi
15 Element Yagi
Connector
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPN
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
RPTNC
Gain
6.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
8.1 dBi
9.1 dBi
10.1 dBi
11.1 dBi
12.1 dBi
13.1 dBi
14.1 dBi
14.1 dBi
15.1 dBi
15.1 dBi
6.1 dBi
7.1 dBi
8.1 dBi
9.1 dBi
10.1 dBi
11.1 dBi
12.1 dBi
13.1 dBi
14.1 dBi
14.1 dBi
15.1 dBi
15.1 dBi
Application
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
Fixed / Mobile
IC (Industry Canada) Certification
Labeling requirements for Industry Canada are similar to those of the FCC. A clearly visible label
on the outside of the final product enclosure must display the following text:
Contains Model 9XTend Radio, IC: Pending
Integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES-003 & FCC Part 15, Sub. B Unintentional Radiators. ICES-003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub. B and Industry Canada
accepts FCC test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES-003.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
46
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Appendix B:
Development Guide
XTend Development Kit Contents
The XTend Development Kit includes the hardware and software needed to create long range
wireless links.
Table B.1.
XTend Development Kit Contents
Item
Qty.
Description
Part Number
MD0016
Quick Start Guide
Familiarizes users with some of the module’s most important functions.
CD
Contains documentation, software and tools needed for RF operation.
MD0010
XTend OEM RF Module
Long Range 900 MHz OEM RF Module w/ RPSMA Connector
XT09-SI
XTend OEM RF Module
Long Range 900 MHz OEM RF Module w/ attached antenna
XT09-MI
MaxStream Interface Board 2
Enables communication to RS-232/485/422 devices
XTIB-R
Antenna
900 MHz RPSMA, 6" Half-Wave, dipole, articulating
A09-HASM-675
Serial Loopback Adapter
Connects to the female RS-232 (DB-9) serial connector of the
MaxStream Interface Board and can be used to configure the module to JD2D3-CDL-A
function as a repeater (for range testing)
NULL Modem Adapter
(male-to-male)
Connects to the female RS-232 (DB-9) serial connector of the
MaxStream Interface Board and can be used to connect the module to
another DCE (female DB9) device
JD2D2-CDN-A
NULL Modem Adapter
(female-to-female)
Used to bypass radios to verify serial cabling is functioning properly
JD3D3-CDN-A
Male DB-9 to
RJ-45 Adapter
Facilitates adapting the DB-9 Connector of the MaxStream Interface
Board to a CAT5 cable (male DB9 to female RJ45)
JE1D2-CDA-A
Female DB-9 to
RJ-45 Adapter
Facilitates adapting the DB-9 Connector of the MaxStream Interface
Board to a CAT5 cable (female DB9 to female RJ45)
JE1D3-CDA-A
Power Adapter
Allows Interface Board to be powered by a 110 Volt AC power supply
JP4P2-9V10-6F
RS-232 Cable (6’)
Connects interface board to devices having an RS-232 serial port
JD2D3-CDS-6F
Interfacing Hardware
MaxStream has developed proprietary interface boards that facilitate the connection between
XTend OEM RF Modules and serial devices. MaxStream has developed an interface board that
supports the RS-232/485/422 protocols (MaxStream part number: XTIB-R).
The following section illustrates properties of the MaxStream XTIB-R Interface Board. The
MaxStream Interface board provides means for connecting the XTend Module to any node that
has an available RS-232 or RS-485/422 connector. Since the module requires signals to enter at
TTL voltages, one of the main functions of the interface board is to convert signals between TTL
levels (5 VDC) and RS-232 levels.
In the following sections, the XTend Module mounted to the XTIB-R interface board will be referred to
as a “Module Assembly”
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
MaxStream XTIB-R RS-232/485 Interface Board
B.1a. Config (Configuration) Switch
Figure B.1.
The Configuration Switch provides an alternate method for
Front View
entering into Command Mode. To enter Command Mode at
the modem’s default RF data rate, hold the Configuration
Switch down for two seconds.
B.1b. I/O LEDs
B.1c. DB-9
Serial Port
B.1d.
RSSI LEDs
B.1b.
I/O LEDs
The I/O LED indicators visualize diagnostic status information. The
LEDs indicate module activity as follows:
Yellow (top LED) = Serial Data Out (to host)
Green (middle) = Serial Data In (from host)
Red (bottom) = Power/TX Indicator (Red light is on when
powered; it pulses on/off briefly during RF transmission.)
B.1e. Power
Connector
B.1a.
Config
Switch
B.1c. DB-9 Serial Port
Standard female DB-9 (RS-232) DCE connector – This connector
can be also used for RS-485 and RS-422 connections.
B.1b. RSSI LEDs
RSSI LEDs indicate the amount of fade margin present in an active
wireless link. Fade margin is the difference between the incoming
signal strength and the module’s receiver sensitivity.
LEDs on
LEDs on
LED on
LED on
Very Strong Signal (> 30 dB fade margin)
Strong Signal (> 20 dB fade margin)
Moderate Signal (> 10 dB fade margin)
Weak Signal (< 10 dB fade margin)
B.1e. Power Connector
7-28 VDC Power Connector (Center positive, 5.5/2.1mm)
Note: The XTIB-R interface board can accept voltages as low as 5V.
Contact MaxStream support to enable this option.
B.2a. DIP Switch
Figure B.2.
DIP Switch automatically configures the XTend Module to operate
Back View
in different modes during the power-on sequence. Each time the
module assembly (interface board + XTend Module) is poweredon, intelligence on the XTIB-R interface board programs the
attached module according to the positions of the DIP Switch.
B.1a. DIP Switch
Figure B.3.
Refer to the figure below for DIP Switch settings.
MaxStream XTIB-R (RS-232/485) Interface Board DIP Switch Settings
Table B.2. [next page]
summaries configurations
triggered by the DIP Switch.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Automatic DIP Switch Configurations
Each time the module assembly (XTend Module mounted to an XTIB-R Interface Board) is
powered-on, intelligence on the MaxStream Interface Board (located inside the Module Assembly)
sends AT Commands that program the Module based on positions of the DIP Switch. Automatic
configurations that take place during the power-on sequence affect Module parameter values as
shown below.
Figure B.4.
XTIB-R DIP Switch
Table B.2.
Power-up Options - Commands sent to the module as result of DIP Switch Settings
(SW = DIP Switch)
Switches
Switches 1 & 2
(Restore Defaults /
Serial Interfacing)
Switches 5 & 6
(TX/RX Modes)
Condition
Behavior
Commands Sent During Power-up
If SW1 & SW2
are ON (up)
Restore Defaults
ATRE
ATWR
(Restore Defaults)
(Write defaults to non-volatile memory)
If SW1 is ON (up)
RS-232 Operation
ATCS 0
(CTS function for CTS line)
If SW1 is OFF (down)
RS-485 or
RS-422 Operation
ATCS 3
(RS-485 or RS-422 Operation)
If SW5 & SW6 are
OFF (down)
Multipoint Base
ATMY 0
ATDT 0xFFFF
ATMT 3
(Source Address)
(Destination Address)
(Multi-Transmit option)
If SW5 is OFF (down) &
SW6 is ON (up)
Multipoint Remote
ATAM
ATDT 0
ATMT 0
ATRR 0x0A
(Auto-set MY, MY = unique)
(Destination Address)
(Multi-Transmit option)
(Retries)
If SW5 is ON (up) &
SW6 is OFF (down)
Point-to-Point
ATAM
ATDT 0xFFFF
ATMT 3
(Auto-set MY, MY = unique)
(Destination Address)
(Multi-Transmit option)
If SW5 is ON (up) &
SW6 is ON (up)
Processor is disabled and AT Commands are not sent to the Module
IMPORTANT: To avoid overwriting previously stored custom configurations (due to the automatic
configurations that take place each time the module assembly is powered-on), it is necessary to
disable a processor located on the XTIB-R interface board. To disable the processor, keep switches 5
& 6 ON (up) as indicated in the table.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Adapters
The XTend Development Kit comes with several adapters that support the following functions:
• Performing Range Tests
• Testing Cables
• Connecting to other RS-232 DCE and DTE devices
• Connecting to terminal blocks or RJ-45 (for RS-485/422 devices)
NULL Modem Adapter (male-to-male)
Part Number: JD2D2-CDN-A (Black, DB-9 M-M) The male-to-male NULL modem adapter is used
to connect two DCE devices. A DCE device connects with a straight-through cable to the male
serial port of a computer (DTE).
Figure B.5.
Male NULL modem adapter and pinouts
Figure B.6.
Example of a MaxStream Radio Modem (DCE Device) connecting to another DCE device)
NULL Modem Adapter (female-to-female)
Part Number: JD3D3-CDN-A (Gray, DB-9 F-F) The female-to-female NULL modem adapter is
used to verify serial cabling is functioning properly. To test cables, insert the female-to-female
NULL modem adapter in place of a pair of module assemblies (XTIB-R-R interface board + XTend
Module) and test the connection without radio modules in the connection.
Figure B.7.
Female NULL modem adapter and pinouts
Serial Loopback Adapter
Part Number: JD2D3-CDL-A (Red, DB-9 M-F) The serial loopback adapter is used for range
testing. During a range test, the serial loopback adapter configures the module to function as a
repeater by looping serial data back into the radio for retransmission.
Figure B.8.
Serial loopback adapter and pinouts
For use in RS-485/422 systems:
DB-9 to RJ-45 adapters are
documented on p58.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Antennas
[Refer to Appendix A for a list of FCC-Approved Antennas]
Factors that determine wireless link range:
• Ambient RF noise (interference)
• Line-of-sight obstructions
• Transmit power
• Receive sensitivity
• Antenna configuration
XTend Antenna Connector Options
To comply with the FCC rules and obtain a “modular” certification, it is required that XTend
Modules utilize a “non standard” connector. This is to ensure the modules are used only with
approved antennas. The XTend Modules have two connector options:
• RPSMA
• MMCX
Alternatively, the XTend Module can be order with an attached wire antenna.
RPSMA
The Reverse Polarity SMA (RPSMA) connector uses the same body as a
regular SMA connector. In order to be a “non standard” connector, the
gender of the center conductor is changed. The female RPSMA actually
has a male center conductor.
MMCX
The Micro-Miniature Connector (MMCX) is a good solution for
high volume, price-sensitive applications. The small size and
snap on connection make it suitable for attaching an external
mounted antenna to a module inside an enclosure.
Antenna Cables
RF cables are typically used to connect a radio installed in a cabinet to an antenna mounted
externally. As a general rule, it is best to keep the RF cable as short as possible. All cables
promote signal loss which is usually measured in dB loss per 100 ft. MaxStream provides LMR195 rated cables. Common cables and dB losses are included in this table:
Table B.3.
Potential Signal Strength Loss due to Antenna Cable Length
Cable Type
Loss at 900 MHz per 100’
(loss per 100m)
Loss at 2.4 GHz per 100’
(loss per 100m)
Diameter
RG-58
14.5 dB (47.4 dB)
25.3 dB (83.2 dB)
0.20” (4.95 mm)
RG-174
25.9 dB (85.0 dB)
44.4 dB (145.8 dB)
0.10” (2.54 mm)
RG-316
24.7 dB (81.0 dB)
42.4 dB (139.0 dB)
0.10” (2.59 mm)
LMR-195
11.1 dB (36.5 dB)
19.0 dB (62.4 dB)
0.20” (4.95 mm)
LMR-240
7.6 dB (24.8 dB)
12.9 dB (42.4 dB)
0.24“ (6.10 mm)
LMR-600
2.5 dB (8.2 dB)
4.4 dB (14.5 dB)
0.59” (15.0 mm)
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Interfacing Protocols
The XTend Module Assembly (XTend OEM RF Module mounted to the XTIB-R Interface Board)
supports the following interfacing protocols:
• RS-232
• RS-485 (2-wire) Half-Duplex
• RS-485 (4-wire) and RS-422
RS-232 Operation
DIP Switch Settings and Serial Port Connections
Figure B.8.
RS-232 DIP Switch Settings
Figure B.9.
Pins used on the female RS-232 (DB-9)
Serial Connector
DIP Switch settings are read and applied
only while powering-on.
Table B.4.
RS-232 Signals and their implementations on the XTend Module Assembly
(Low-asserted signals are distinguished by horizontal line over pin name.)
DB-9
Pin
RS-232
Name
X-CTU
Name*
Description
Implementation
DCD
GPO2
Data-Carrier-Detect
Connected to DSR (pin6)
RXD
DO
Received Data
Serial data exiting the Module (to host)
TXD
DI
Transmitted Data
Serial data entering into the Module (from host)
DTR
GPI2
Data-Terminal-Ready
Can enable POWER-DOWN on the Module
GND
Ground Signal
Ground
DSR
GPO2
Data-Set-Ready
Connected to DCD (pin1)
GPI1
Request-to-Send
Provides
flow control or
enables “Command Mode” on the Module
GP01
Clear-to-Send
Ring Indicator
/ CMD
DI
Provides
flow control
Optional power input that is connected internally to the
positive lead of the front power connector
* X-CTU is software that can be used to configure the Module. The software includes a naming convention
where “DI” stands for Data Input and “DO” for Data Output.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Wiring Diagram: RS-232 DTE Device to a DCE Module Assembly
Figure B.10. RS-232 DTE (male connector) device wired to an XTend Module Assembly (female connector)
Wiring Diagram: DCE Module Assembly to an RS-232 DCE Device
Figure B.11 XTend Module Assembly (female connector) wired to an RS-232 DTE (male connector) device
Sample Wireless Connection: DTE Ù
DCE
DCE Ù DCE
Figure B.12 Typical wireless connection used for serial communications between DTE and DCE devices
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
RS-485 (2-wire) Operation
DIP Switch Settings and Serial Port Connections
Figure B.13.
RS-485 (2-wire) Half-Duplex
DIP Switch Settings
Figure B.14.
Pins used on the female RS-232 (DB-9)
Serial Connector
Figure B.15
RS-485 (2-wire) with Termination (optional)
Termination is the 120 Ω resistor between T+ and T-.
DIP Switch settings are read and applied only while powering-on.
Note:
Refer to Figures 18 and 19 [page 11] for RJ-45 connector pin designations used in
RS-485/422 environments.
Table B.5.
RS-485 (2-wire half-duplex) Signals and their implementations on the XTend Module
Assembly
DB-9 Pin
RS-485 Name
Description
Implementation
T/R- (TRA)
Negative Data Line
Transmit serial data to and from the
XTend Module Assembly
GND
Ground Signal
Ground
T/R+ (TRB)
Positive Data Line
Transmit serial data to and from the
XTend Module Assembly
PWR
Power
Optional power input that is connected internally
to the front power connector
1, 3, 4, 6, 7
not used
Wiring Diagram: RS-485 (2-wire) Half-Duplex
Figure B.16. XTend Module Assembly in an RS-485 (2-wire) half-duplex environment
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
RS-485 (4-wire) & RS-422 Operation
DIP Switch Settings and Serial Port Connections
Figure B.17
RS-485 (4-wire) and RS-422
DIP Switch Settings
Figure B.18
Pins used on the female RS-232 (DB-9)
Serial Connector
Figure B.19
RS-485 (4-wire) & RS-422 with Termination (optional)
Termination is the 120 Ω resistor between T+ and T-.
DIP Switch settings are read and applied only while powering-on.
Table B.6.
RS-485/422 (4-wire) Signals and their implementations with the XTend-PKG-R Module
Assembly
DB-9 Pin
RS-485/422
Name
Description
Implementation
T- (TA)
Transmit Negative
Data Line
Serial data sent from the XTend Module Assembly
R- (RA)
Receive Negative
Data Line
Serial data received by the XTend Module Assembly
GND
Signal Ground
Ground
R+ (RB)
Receive Positive
Data Line
Serial data received by the XTend Module Assembly
T+ (TB)
Transmit Positive
Data Line
Serial data sent from the XTend Module Assembly
PWR
Power
Optional power input that is connected internally
to the front power connector
1, 4, 6
not used
Wiring Diagram: RS-485 (4-wire) Half-Duplex
Figure B.20. XTend Module Assembly in an RS-485 (4-wire) environment
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Wiring Diagram: RS-422
Figure B.21. XTend Module Assembly in an RS-485 (4-wire) environment
RS-485/422 Connection Guidelines
The RS-485/422 protocol provides a solution for wired communications that can tolerate high
noise and push signals over long cable lengths. RS-485/422 signals can communicate as far as
4000 feet (1200 m). RS-232 signals are suitable for cable distances up to 100 feet (30.5 m).
RS-485 offers multi-drop capability in which up to 32 nodes can be connected. The RS-422
protocol is used for point-to-point communications.
Suggestions for integrating the XTend Modem with the RS-485/422 protocol:
1.
When using Ethernet twisted pair cabling: Select wires so that T+ and T- are connected to
each wire in a twisted pair. Likewise, select wires so that R+ and R- are connected to a
twisted pair. (For example, tie the green and white/green wires to T+ and T-.)
2.
For straight-through Ethernet cable (not cross-over cable) – The following wiring pattern
works well: Pin3 to T+, Pin4 to R+, Pin5 to R-, Pin6 to T-
3.
Note that the connecting cable only requires 4 wires (even though there are 8 wires).
4.
When using phone cabling (RJ-11) – Pin2 in the cable maps to Pin3 on opposite end of cable
and Pin1 maps to Pin4 respectively.
Figure B.22
Male (yellow) DB-9 to RJ-45 Adapters
Figure B.23. Female (green) DB-9 to RJ-45 Adapters
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
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XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
X-CTU Software
Using the X-CTU Software
X-CTU is MaxStream-provided software used to interface with and configure XTend OEM RF
Modules. The software application is organized into the following four tabs:
• PC Settings tab - Setup PC serial ports to interface with an XTend Module assembly
• Range Test tab – Test XTend Module's range and monitor packets sent and received
• Terminal tab – Set and read XTend Module parameters using AT Commands
• Modem Configuration tab – Set and read XTend Module parameters
Figure B.24 X-CTU User Interface (PC Settings, Range Test, Terminal and Modem Configuration tabs)
Install X-CTU software
Double-click the "setup_X-CTU.exe" file and follow prompts of the installation screens. This file is
located in the ‘software’ folder of the MaxStream CD and also under the ‘Downloads’ section of
the following web page: http://www.maxstream.net/helpdesk/download.php
Setup
To use the X-CTU software, a module assembly (XTend Module mounted to a MaxStream XTIB-RR Interface Board) must be connected to the serial port of a PC. The data rate and parity settings
of the serial port (“PC Settings” tab) must match those of the module (BD (Baud Rate) and NB
(Parity) Commands).
Serial Communications Software
A terminal program is built into the X-CTU Software. Other terminal programs such as
“HyperTerminal” can also be used. When issuing AT Commands through a terminal program
interface, use the following syntax:
Figure B.25
Syntax for sending AT Commands:
NOTE: To read a parameter value stored in a register, leave the parameter field blank.
The example above issues DT Command to change destination address of the module to “0x1F”.
To save the new value to the module’s non-volatile (long term) memory, issue WR (Write)
Command after modifying parameters.
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
57
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Appendix C:
Additional Information
1-Year Warranty
XTend OEM RF Modules from MaxStream, Inc. (the ʺProductʺ) are warranted against defects in
materials and workmanship under normal use, for a period of 1-year from the date of purchase. In
the event of a product failure due to materials or workmanship, MaxStream will repair or replace the
defective product. For warranty service, return the defective product to MaxStream, shipping
prepaid, for prompt repair or replacement.
The foregoing sets forth the full extent of MaxStreamʹs warranties regarding the Product. Repair or
replacement at MaxStreamʹs option is the exclusive remedy. THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN IN LIEU
OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND MAXSTREAM SPECIFICALLY
DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL MAXSTREAM, ITS SUPPLIERS OR LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR
DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT, FOR ANY LOSS OF USE,
LOSS OF TIME, INCONVENIENCE, COMMERCIAL LOSS, LOST PROFITS OR SAVINGS, OR
OTHER INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE
OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, TO THE FULL EXTENT SUCH MAY BE DISCLAIMED BY
LAW. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. THEREFOR, THE FOREGOING EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY
IN ALL CASES. This warranty provides specific legal rights. Other rights which vary from state to
state may also apply.
Ordering Information
Figure C.1
MaxStream OEM RF Module Part Numbers Key
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
58
XTend™ OEM RF Module – Product Manual v1.0
Contact MaxStream
Free and unlimited technical support is included with every MaxStream Radio Modem sold.
Please use the following resources for additional support:
Documentation:
http://www.maxstream.net/helpdesk/download.php
Technical Support:
Phone.
(866) 765-9885 toll-free U.S. & Canada
(801) 765-9885 Worldwide
Live Chat.
www.maxstream.net
E-Mail.
rf-xperts@maxstream.net
MaxStream office hours are 8:00 am – 5:00 pm [U.S. Mountain Standard Time]
© 2004 MaxStream, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary
59

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