Moxa AWK-4121 Industrial 802.11a/b/g AP/Client User Manual AirWorks AWK 4121 User s Manual v1
Moxa Inc. Industrial 802.11a/b/g AP/Client AirWorks AWK 4121 User s Manual v1
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AWK 4121 Users Manual
Moxa AirWorks AWK-4121
User’s Manual
The Moxa software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in
accordance with the terms of that agreement.
Copyright Notice
Copyright © 2009 Moxa Inc.
All rights reserved.
Reproduction without permission is prohibited.
Trademarks
MOXA is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc.
All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers.
Disclaimer
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the
part of Moxa.
Moxa provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but
not limited to, its particular purpose. Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to this
manual, or to the products and/or the programs described in this manual, at any time.
Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable. However, Moxa assumes no
responsibility for its use, or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use.
This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the
information herein to correct such errors, and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the
publication.
Technical Support Contact Information
www.moxa.com/support
Moxa Americas:
Toll-free: 1-888-669-2872
Tel: +1-714-528-6777
Fax: +1-714-528-6778
Moxa China (Shanghai office):
Toll-free: 800-820-5036
Tel: +86-21-5258-9955
Fax: +86-10-6872-3958
Moxa Europe:
Tel: +49-89-3 70 03 99-0
Fax: +49-89-3 70 03 99-99
Moxa Asia-Pacific:
Tel: +886-2-8919-1230
Fax: +886-2-8919-1231
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................1-1
Overview.................................................................................................................................. 1-2
Package Checklist .................................................................................................................... 1-2
Product Features ...................................................................................................................... 1-2
Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 1-3
Functional Design .................................................................................................................... 1-5
LED Indicators ............................................................................................................. 1-5
Beeper........................................................................................................................... 1-6
Reset Button ................................................................................................................. 1-6
Relay (Digital Output) .................................................................................................. 1-7
Chapter 2 Getting Started .............................................................................................2-1
First-time Installation and Configuration................................................................................. 2-2
Communication Testing ........................................................................................................... 2-3
Function Guide ........................................................................................................................ 2-4
Chapter 3 Web Console Configuration........................................................................3-1
Configuration by Web Browser ............................................................................................... 3-2
Overview.................................................................................................................................. 3-4
Basic Settings........................................................................................................................... 3-5
System Info Settings..................................................................................................... 3-5
Network Settings .......................................................................................................... 3-6
Time Settings................................................................................................................ 3-7
Wireless Settings...................................................................................................................... 3-8
Basic Wireless Settings................................................................................................. 3-8
WLAN Security Settings ............................................................................................ 3-12
Advanced Wireless Settings ....................................................................................... 3-20
WLAN Certification Settings (for EAP-TLS in Client mode only)......................... 3-21
Advanced Settings ................................................................................................................. 3-22
DHCP Server (for AP mode only)............................................................................. 3-22
Packet Filters .............................................................................................................. 3-24
RSTP Settings (for AP mode only)........................................................................... 3-27
SNMP Agent .............................................................................................................. 3-29
Auto Warning Settings ........................................................................................................... 3-31
System Log................................................................................................................. 3-31
Syslog ......................................................................................................................... 3-32
E-mail ......................................................................................................................... 3-33
Relay........................................................................................................................... 3-34
Trap ............................................................................................................................ 3-35
Status...................................................................................................................................... 3-36
Associated Client List (for AP mode only)................................................................. 3-36
DHCP Client List (for AP mode only) ....................................................................... 3-36
System Log................................................................................................................. 3-37
Relay Status ................................................................................................................ 3-37
DI and Power Status ................................................................................................... 3-38
Wireless Status ........................................................................................................... 3-38
Maintenance........................................................................................................................... 3-38
Console Settings ......................................................................................................... 3-39
Ping............................................................................................................................. 3-39
Firmware Upgrade...................................................................................................... 3-40
Config Import Export ................................................................................................. 3-40
Load Factory Default.................................................................................................. 3-41
Password..................................................................................................................... 3-41
Save Configuration ................................................................................................................ 3-41
Restart .................................................................................................................................... 3-42
Logout.................................................................................................................................... 3-43
Chapter 4 Other Console Configurations....................................................................4-1
RS-232 Console Configuration (115200, None, 8, 1, VT100)................................................. 4-2
Configuration by Telnet and SSH Consoles............................................................................. 4-4
Configuration by Web Browser with HTTPS/SSL .................................................................. 4-5
Disabling Telnet and Browser Access...................................................................................... 4-7
Chapter 5 References....................................................................................................5-1
Wireless Distribution System (WDS) ...................................................................................... 5-2
Beacon ..................................................................................................................................... 5-4
DTIM ....................................................................................................................................... 5-4
Fragment .................................................................................................................................. 5-4
RTS Threshold ......................................................................................................................... 5-4
STP and RSTP ......................................................................................................................... 5-4
The STP/RSTP Concept ............................................................................................... 5-4
Differences between RSTP and STP ............................................................................ 5-5
Chapter 6 Supporting Information ...............................................................................6-1
About This User’s Manual....................................................................................................... 6-2
DoC (Declaration of Conformity)............................................................................................ 6-3
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement ..................................... 6-3
R&TTE Compliance Statement.................................................................................... 6-3
Firmware Recovery.................................................................................................................. 6-4
Technical Support Contact Information................................................................................... 6-5
1
1
Chapter 1 Introduction
Moxa AirWorks AWK-4121 enables wireless access to network resources. The AWK-4121 is
rated to operate at temperatures ranging from -40 to 75°C and is rugged enough for any harsh
industrial environment.
In this chapter, we cover the following topics:
Overview
Package Checklist
Product Features
Product Specifications
Functional
¾ LED Indicators
¾ Beeper
¾ Reset Button
¾ Relay (Digital Output)
AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Introduction
Overview
The AWK-4121 outdoor wireless AP/bridge/client is an ideal 3-in-1 solution for industrial
applications that are hard to wire, too expensive to wire, or use mobile equipment that connect to a
TCP/IP network.
The AWK-4121 is rated to operate at temperatures ranging from -40 to 75°C, and its dust-tight and
weatherproof design is IP67-rated. An IP67 rating means the device is completely protected from
dust and is protected against the effects of immersion in water between 15cm and 1m in depth.
This means you can set up a WLAN or extend existing wired networks to outdoor locations and
still maintain a reliable connection. The AWK-4121 has two redundant DC power inputs for
increased reliability, can be powered via PoE, and is easy to deploy.
Package Checklist
Moxa’s AWK-4121 is shipped with the following items. If any of these items is missing or
damaged, please contact your customer service representative for assistance.
y 1 AWK-4121
y 2 Omni-directional antennas (5dBi, N-type male, 2.4 GHz)
y 1 Quick Installation Guide
y 1 Software CD
y 1 Moxa Product Warranty Booklet
y 1 Accessory Pack (including wall-mounting kit, screws and RJ45 field installable plug)
NOTE
The above items come with the AWK-4121 standard version. The package contents may vary in
different customized versions.
Product Features
y IEEE802.11a/b/g Compliant
y Three-in-one design (AP/Bridge/Client)
y Advanced Wireless Security:
¾ 64-bit and 128-bit WEP/WPA/WPA2
¾ SSID Hiding/IEEE 802.1X/RADIUS
¾ Packet access control & filtering
y STP/RSTP support for redundancy of system networking
y RS-232 console management
y 2DI+1DO for on-site monitoring and warming
y Free firmware update for more advanced functions
y Operating temperature ranges from -40 to 75℃
y Power input by redundant 24 VDC power inputs or Power over Ethernet
y Wall mounting ability
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Introduction
y IP67-rated metal housing
Product Specifications
WLAN
Standards IEEE 802.11a/g/b for Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11i Wireless Security
IEEE 802.3u 10/100BaseT(X) for Ethernet LAN
EEE 802.3af for Power-over-Ethernet
IEEE 802.1D/w STP/RSTP
Spread Spectrum and
Modulation (Typical)
802.11b: DSSS with DBPSK, DQPSK, CCK
802.11g: OFDM with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
802.11a: OFDM with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Operating Channels US: 2.412 to 2.462 GHz (11 channels)
5.15 to 5.25 GHz (4 channels)
EU: 2.412 to 2.472 GHz (13 channels)
5.15 to 5.25 GHz (4 channels)
JP: 2.412 to 2.472 GHz (13 channels, OFDM)
2.412 to 2.484 GHz (14 channels, CCK)
5.15 to 5.25 GHz (4 channels for W52)
Security 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption, WPA /WPA2
(IEEE 802.1X/ RADIUS, TKIP and AES)
Protocol General Protocols: Proxy ARP, DNS, HTTP, HTTPS, IP, ICMP,
SNTP, TCP, UDP, RADIUS, SNMP, RTP
AP-only Protocols: ARP, BOOTP, DHCP, dynamic VLAN-Tags
for 802.1X-Clients, STP/RSTP (IEEE 802.1D/w)
Data Rates 802.11b: 1, 2, 5.5, 11 Mbps
802.11a/g: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps
Transmit Power 802.11b: 1 to 11 Mbps: Typ. 18±1.5 dBm
802.11g: 6 to 24 Mbps: Typ. 18±1.5 dBm
36 to 48 Mbps: Typ. 16±1.5 dBm
54 Mbps: Typ. 15±1.5 dBm
802.11a: 6 to 24 Mbps: Typ. 16±1.5 dBm
36 to 48 Mbps: Typ. 14±1.5 dBm
54 Mbps: Typ. 13±1.5 dBm≥17dBm
Receiver Sensitivity 802.11b: -92 dBm @ 1 Mbps, -90 dBm @ 2 Mbps,
-88 dBm @ 5.5 Mbps, -84dBm @ 11 Mbps
802.11g: -87 dBm @ 6 Mbps, -86 dBm @ 9 Mbps,
-85 dBm @ 12 Mbps, -82dBm @ 18 Mbps,
-80 dBm @ 24 Mbps, -76 dBm @ 36 Mbps,
-72dBm @ 48 Mbps, -70 dBm @ 54 Mbps
802.11a: -87 dBm @ 6 Mbps, -86 dBm @ 9 Mbps,
-85 dBm @ 12 Mbps, -82dBm @ 18 Mbps,
-80 dBm @ 24 Mbps, -76 dBm @ 36 Mbps,
-72dBm @ 48 Mbps, -70 dBm @ 54 Mbps
Interface
Antenna Connector N-type (female)
DI/DO Connection 8-pole M12 connector
Alarm Contact 1 relay output (capacity: 1A @24VDC)
Digital Input 2 electrically-isolated inputs
‧ 0 to 3.3V for state “0” (OFF)
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Introduction
‧ 10 to 48V for state “1” (ON)
‧ Max. input current: 8 mA
Console RS-232 (RJ45 type)
LAN Port 10/100BaseT(X) auto negotiation speed
LED Indicators PWR, FAULT, STATE, WLAN and LAN
Power
Input Voltage 12 to 48 VDC, redundant dual DC power inputs or
48 VDC Power-over-Ethernet (IEEE 802.3af)
Input Current 0.494 to 0.121 A
Input Current (@ 24VDC) 0.3 A
Overload Current Protection 1.6 A
Reverse Polarity Protection Present
Mechanical
Dimensions 224 x 147.7 x 66.5 mm (8.82 x 5.82 x 2.62 in)
Weight 1.2 kg
Installation Wall Mounting or DIN-Rail (with optional wall mounting kit)
Casing IP67 protection, aluminum case
Environment
Operating Temperature: -40 to 75°C (-40 to 167°F)
Storage Temperature: -40 to 85ºC (-40 to 185ºF)
Ambient Relative Humidity 5 to 95% (non-condensing)
Regulatory Approvals*
Radio: EN300 328/ EN301 893/ EN301 489-1/-17
ARIB STD-33/T66/T71 (Japan)
EMI: FCC Part 15
* Please check Moxa’s website for the most up-to-date certification status.
Warranty 5 years
Details: See http://
www.moxa.com/warranty
ATTENTION
The AWK-4121 is NOT a portable mobile device and should be located at least 20cm away from
the human body.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Introduction
Functional Design
LED Indicators
The LEDs on the front panel of AWK-4121 allow you to identity the status and wireless settings
quickly.
The LED for FAULT indicates the system failure and user-configured events. If the AWK-4121
cannot retrieve the IP address from a DHCP server, the FAULT LED will blink at an interval of
one second.
The following table is a summary for the wireless settings and LED displays. You can check the
status of the AWK-4121 by reading these LEDs. More information about “Basic Wireless
Settings” is presented in Chapter 3.
LED Color State Description
On Power is being supplied (from power input 1 or 2,
or PoE).
PWR Green
Off Power is not being supplied
On Relay is event-triggered.
Blink (slow) Cannot get an IP address from the DHCP server
(interval: 1 sec)
Blink (fast) IP address conflict (interval: 0.5 sec)
FAULT Red
Off Normal status
Green Software Ready
Green Blink The AWK Search Utility has located the AWK.
(interval: 1sec)
STATE Green/Red
Red Booting or Error condition
Green On WLAN functions in Client mode.
Green Blink WLAN’s data communication is run in Client
mode
Amber On WLAN functions in AP/Bridge mode.
Amber Blink WLAN’s data communication is run in AP/Bridge
mode
WLAN Green/Amber
Off WLAN is not in use or not working properly.
Yellow On LAN port’s 10Mbps link is active.
Yellow Blink Data is being transmitted at 10 Mbps
Yellow Off LAN port’s 10Mbps link is inactive.
Green On LAN port’s 100Mbps link is active.
Green Blink Data is being transmitted at 100 Mbps
LAN Yellow/ Green
Green Off LAN port’s 100Mbps link is inactive.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Introduction
ATTENTION
When the LEDs for STATE (Green), FAULT, and WLAN all light up simultaneously and blink at
one-second intervals, it means the system failed to boot. This may be due to improper operation or
uncontrollable issues, such as an unexpected shutdown during firmware update. To recover the
firmware, refer to “Firmware Recovery” in Chapter 6.
Beeper
The beeper signals that the system is ready with two short beeps.
Reset Button
The RESET button is located on the bottom panel of the AWK-4121. You can reboot the
AWK-4121 or reset it to factory default settings by pressing the RESET button with a pointed
object such as an unfolded paper clip.
y System reboot: Hold the RESET button down for under 5 seconds and then release.
y Reset to factory default: Hold the RESET button down for over 5 seconds until the STATE
LED starts blinking green. Release the button to reset the AWK-4121.
STEP 1: Remove the reset button cover. STEP 2: Using a pointed object, press and
hold the reset button.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Introduction
Relay (Digital Output)
The AWK-4121 has one relay output, which consists of the 2 contacts for the 8-pin M12 connector
on the bottom panel, as shown below. These relay contacts forward system failure and
user-configured events.
The two wires attached to the relay contacts form an open circuit when a user-configured event is
triggered. If a user-configured event does not occur, the relay circuit will remain closed. For safety
reason, the relay circuit is kept open when the AWK-4121 is not powered.
The AWK-4121’s relay status is summarized as follows:
Relay Status Power off Power on
No Event CLOSED
Triggered OPEN OPEN
Digital Inputs and Relay-out Pin Assignment (8-pin M12 connector)
PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Function DOUT_I DOUT_O DI0+ DI0- DI1+ DI1- reserved reserved
1-7
2
2
Chapter 2 Getting Started
This chapter explains how to install Moxa’s AirWorks AWK-4121 for the first time, quickly set up
your wireless network, and test whether the connection is running well. With the function guide,
you can easily locate the functions you need.
In this chapter, we cover the following topics:
First-time Installation and Configuration
Communication Testing
Function Guide
AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Getting Started
First-time Installation and Configuration
Before installing the AWK-4121, make sure all items in the Package Checklist are in the box. In
addition, you will need access to a notebook computer or PC equipped with an Ethernet port. The
AWK-4121 has a default IP address that you must use when connecting to the device for the first
time.
Step 1: Select the power source.
The AWK-4121 can be powered by DC power input or PoE (Power over Ethernet). The
AWK-4121 will use whichever power source you choose.
Step 2: Connect the AWK-4121 to a notebook or PC.
Since the AWK-4121 supports MDI/MDI-X auto-sensing, you can use either a straight-through
cable or crossover cable to connect the AWK-4121 to a computer. If the LED indicator on
AWK-4121’s LAN port lights up, it means the connection is established.
Step 3: Set up the computer’s IP address.
Set an IP address on the same subnet as the AWK-4121. Since the AWK-4121’s default IP address
is 192.168.127.253, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, you should set the IP address of the
computer to 192.168.127.xxx.
NOTE
After you select Maintenance → Load Factory Default and click the Submit button, the
AWK-4121 will be reset to factory default settings and the IP address will be also reset to
192.168.127.253.
Step 4: Use the web-based manager to configure AWK-4121
Open your computer’s web browser and type http://192.168.127.253 in the address field to access
the homepage of the web-based Network Manager. Before the homepage opens, you will need to
enter the user name and password as shown in the following figure. For first-time configuration,
enter the default user name and password and then click on the Login button:
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Getting Started
NOTE
Default user name and password:
User Name: admin
Password: root
For security reasons, we strongly recommend changing the default password. To do so, select
Maintenance > Password, and then follow the on-screen instructions to change the password.
NOTE
Clicking Submit will apply your changes refresh the web page. The string “(Config Setting
Success)” and a blinking reminder will appear in the upper-right corner of web page, as follows.
To make the changes effective, click Restart and then Save and Restart after you change the
settings. It will take about 30 seconds for the AWK-4121 to restart.
Step 5: Select the operation mode for the AWK-4121.
By default, the AWK-4121’s operation mode is set to AP. You can change the setting in Wireless
Settings → Basic Wireless Settings if you would like to use the Client mode instead. Detailed
information about configuring the AWK-4121’s operation can be found in Chapter 3.
Step 6: Test communications.
We will describe 2 test methods to make sure the network connection has been established. Please
refer to the following section for more details.
Communication Testing
After installation, you can run a sample test to make sure the AWK-4121 and wireless connection
are functioning normally. Two testing methods are explained in the following sections. Use the
first method if you are using only one AWK-4121 device, and use the second method if you are
using two or more AWK-4121s.
Testing Method for one AWK-4121
If you are only using one AWK-4121, you will need a second notebook computer equipped with a
WLAN card. Configure the WLAN card to connect to the AWK-4121 (NOTE: the default SSID is
MOXA), and change the IP address of the second notebook (B) so that it is on the same subnet as
the first notebook (A), which is connected to the AWK-4121.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Getting Started
After configuring the WLAN card, establish a wireless connection with the AWK-4121 and open a
DOS window on Notebook B. At the prompt, type
ping <IP address of notebook A>
and then press Enter (see the figure below). A “Reply from IP address …” response means the
communication was successful. A “Request timed out.” response means the communication failed.
In this case, recheck the configuration to make sure the connections are correct.
Notebook A
IP: 192.168.127.2
SSID: Moxa
PING
AWK-4121
IP: 192.168.127.253
Notebook B
IP: 192.168.127.1
Testing Method for two or more AWK-4121s
If you have two or more AWK-4121s, you will need a second notebook computer (B) equipped
with an Ethernet port. Use the default settings for the first AWK-4121 connected to notebook A
and change the second or third AWK-4121 connected to notebook B to Client mode. Then,
configure the notebooks and AWK-4121s properly.
AWK-4121 / Client
IP: 192.168.127.252 AWK-4121 / AP
IP:192.168.127.253
SSID: Moxa
Notebook A
IP: 192.168.127.2
PING
Notebook B
IP: 192.168.127.1
After setting up the testing environment, open a DOS window on notebook B. At the prompt, type
ping <IP address of notebook A>
and then press Enter. A “Reply from IP address …” response means the communication was
successful. A “Request timed out” response means the communication failed. In this case, recheck
the configuration to make sure the connections are correct.
Function Guide
The management functions are categorized in a tree and shown in the left field of the web-based
management console. You can efficiently locate the function you need with the following guide.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Getting Started
A quick overview of the AWK-4121’s status
Basic settings for administering the AWK-4121
Essential settings related to establishing a wireless
network
Advanced features to support additional network
management and secure wired and wireless
communication
* These advanced functions are all optional.
Application-oriented device
management functions to set up
events, traps, and reactions via relay
warning, e-mail and SNMP
notification
* These functions are all optional.
Real-time status information to monitor
wired/wireless network performance, advanced
services, and device management functions
On-demand functions to support the operations
of web-based console management
Functions to maintain the AWK-4121 and diagnose
the network
2-5
3
3
Chapter 3 Web Console Configuration
In this chapter, we will explain each web management page of the web-based console
configuration. Moxa’s easy-to-use management functions will help you set up your AWK-4121, as
well as establish and maintain your wireless network easily.
In this chapter, we cover the following topics:
Configuration by Web Browser
Overview
Basic Settings
Wireless Settings
Advanced Settings
Auto Warning Setting
Status
Maintenance
Save Configuration
Restart
Logout
AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Configuration by Web Browser
Moxa AWK-4121’s web browser interface provides a convenient way to modify its configuration
and access the built-in monitoring and network administration functions. The recommended web
browser is Microsoft® Internet Explorer 5.5 or 6.0 with JVM (Java Virtual Machine) installed.
NOTE
To use the AWK-4121’s management and monitoring functions from a PC host connected to the
same LAN as the AWK-4121, you must make sure that the PC host and AWK-4121 are on the
same logical subnet. Similarly, if the AWK-4121 is configured for other VLAN settings, you
must make sure your PC host is on the management VLAN.
The Moxa AWK-4121’s default IP address is 192.168.127.253.
Follow the steps below to access the AWK-4121’s web-based console management.
1. Open your web browser (ex. Internet Explorer) and type the AWK-4121’s IP address in the
address field. Then press Enter to establish the connection.
2. The Web Console Login page will open. Enter the password (User Name is set as admin; the
default password is root if a new password has not been set.) and then click Login to
continue.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
You may need to wait a few moments for the web page to download onto your computer. Please
note that the model name and IP address of your AWK-312 are both shown in the title of the web
page. This information can help you identify multiple AWK-4121s.
You can use the menu tree on the left side of the window to open the function pages to access each
of AWK-4121’s functions.
In the following paragraphs, we will go through each of the AWK-4121’s management functions in
detail. You can also get a quick overview of these functions in the Function Guide section of
Chapter 2.
NOTE
The model name of the AWK-4121 is shown as AWK-4121-XX where XX indicates the country
code. The country code represents the AWK-4121 version and which bandwidth it uses. We use
AWK-4121-US as an example in the following figures. The country code for the model name on
your screen may vary if you are using a different version (band) AWK-4121.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Overview
The Overview page summarizes the AWK-4121’s current status. The information is categorized
into several groups: System info, Device info and 802.11 info.
NOTE
Some values for 802.11 info may not show up due to different operation modes. For example
Current BSSID and RSSI are not available in AP mode.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Basic Settings
The Basic Settings group includes the most commonly used settings required by administrators to
maintain and control the AWK-4121.
System Info Settings
The System Info items, especially Device name and Device description, are displayed and
included on the Overview page, SNMP information, and alarm emails. Setting System Info items
makes it easier to identify the different AWK-4121s connected to your network.
Device name
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 31 Characters This option is useful for specifying
the role or application of different
AWK-4121 units.
AWK-4121_<Serial No. of
this AWK-4121>
Device location
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 31 Characters This specifies the location of different
AWK-4121 units.
None
Device description
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 31 Characters Use this space to record more detailed
description of AWK-4121.
None
Device name
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 31 Characters To provide information about whom
to contact in order to resolve
problems, use this space to record
contact information of the person
responsible for maintaining this
AWK-4121.
None
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Network Settings
The Network Settings configuration allows you to modify the usual TCP/IP network parameters.
An explanation of each configuration item is given below.
IP configuration
Setting Description Factory Default
DHCP The AWK-4121’s IP address will be
assigned automatically by the
network’s DHCP server
Static Set up the AWK-4121’s IP address
manually.
Static
IP address
Setting Description Factory Default
AWK-4121’s IP address Identifies the AWK-4121 on a TCP/IP
network.
192.168.127.253
Subnet mask
Setting Description Factory Default
AWK-4121’s subnet
mask
Identifies the type of network to
which the AWK-4121 is connected
(e.g., 255.255.0.0 for a Class B
network, or 255.255.255.0 for a Class
C network).
255.255.255.0
Gateway
Setting Description Factory Default
AWK-4121’s default
gateway
The IP address of the router that
connects the LAN to an outside
network.
None
NOTE
A warning message will be shown once to remind you to set up the default gateway if the
Gateway is not set in Client mode. It is not necessary to set up a default gateway for the
AWK-4121 if you only plan to establish a local network, and no packet goes to an outside
network.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Web Console Configuration
Primary/ Secondary DNS server
Setting Description Factory Default
IP address of Primary/
Secondary DNS server
The IP address of the DNS Server used by your
network. After entering the DNS Server’s IP
address, you can input the AWK-4121’s URL
(e.g., http://ap11.abc.com) in your browser’s
address field instead of entering the IP address.
The Secondary DNS server will be used if the
Primary DNS server fails to connect.
None
Time Settings
The AWK-4121 has a time calibration function based on information from an NTP server or user
specified Date and Time information. Functions such as Auto warning can add real-time
information to the message.
You can click on the Modify button to initiate a time setting dialog box, as shown in the following
figure. After setting the time and date parameters, you can click the Activate button to apply the
setting or discard it by clicking Close. Local time settings will be immediately activated in the
system without running Save and Restart.
NOTE
The AWK-4121 has a real time clock (RTC). Users are strongly recommended to update the
Local time for the AWK-4121 after initial setup or long-term shutdown, especially when the
network does not have an Internet connection for accessing the NTP server or there is no NTP
server on the LAN.
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Local time
Setting Description Factory Default
User adjustable time The date and time parameters allow
configuration of the local time with
an interactive dialog box.
None
(yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss
format; 24-hour format.)
Time zone
Setting Description Factory Default
User selectable time
zone
The time zone setting allows
conversion from GMT (Greenwich
Mean Time) to local time.
GMT (Greenwich Mean
Time)
ATTENTION
Changing the time zone will automatically adjust the current Local time. You should configure
the Time zone before setting the Local time.
Time server 1/ 2
Setting Description Factory Default
The 1st/ 2nd time server
IP/Name
IP or Domain address of NTP time
server. The 2nd time will be used if
the 1st NTP server fails to connect.
None
Query period
Setting Description Factory Default
Query period time
(1- 9999 seconds)
This parameter determines how
frequently the time is updated from
the NTP server.
600 (seconds)
Wireless Settings
The essential settings for wireless networks are presented in this function group. Settings must be
properly set before establishing your wireless network.
Basic Wireless Settings
The AWK-4121 mainly supports two operational modes that have distinct roles in the wireless
network:
y AP/Bridge:
This mode provides both Access Point and Static LAN-to-LAN Bridging functionality. The
static LAN-to-LAN bridging function is supported through the Wireless Distribution System
(WDS).
y AP Client:
This mode is for Dynamic LAN-to-LAN Bridging or Device-to-LAN. The AP Client
automatically establishes bridge links with other APs.
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In either mode, the AWK-4121 forwards packets between its Ethernet interface (LAN) and
wireless interface (WLAN) for wired hosts on the Ethernet side and wireless host(s) on the
wireless side. There are two types of wireless links as specified by the IEEE802.11 standard:
y STA-AP
This type of wireless link is established between an IEEE802.11 Station (STA) and an
IEEE802.11 Access Point (AP). An STA is usually a client computer (PC or PDA) with a
WLAN network interface card (NIC). The Client mode is actually an STA.
y WDS
This type of wireless link is established between two IEEE802.11 APs. Wireless packets
transmitted along the WDS link comply with the IEEE802.11 WDS (Wireless Distribution
System) format at the link layer. You can refer to “Wireless Distribution System (WDS)” in
Chapter 5 for more details. Be reminded that WPA/WPA2 CANNOT be supported in WDS.
To establish a static bridge link based on the WDS, the APs at both end of the WDS link must be
configured manually with each other's MAC addresses. To establish a dynamic bridge link
between an AP and a Client, both devices must be configured with the same, channel, and security
settings (see “WLAN Security Settings”). Moreover, the same SSID is also needed if a client will
roam along the APs in Bridge mode. The AP Client automatically scans for any AP that is using
the matched SSID and establishes a bridge link with the scanned AP.
When the AWK-4121 is configured to be in Client mode, it can be used as an Ethernet-to-wireless
(or LAN-to-WLAN) network adapter. For example, a notebook computer equipped with an
Ethernet adapter, but no wireless card, can be connected to this device with an Ethernet cable for
wireless connectivity to another AP.
NOTE
Although it is more convenient to use dynamic bridging, there is a limitation — the AP Client
can only transmit IP-based packets between its wireless interface (WLAN) and Ethernet interface
(LAN); other types of traffic (such as IPX and AppleTalk) are not forwarded.
The following figure shows the Basic Wireless Settings page. The parameters and options are
described as follow:
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Operation mode
Setting Description Factory Default
AP AWK-4121 plays a role of wireless
AP/ Bridge.
Client AWK-4121 plays a role of wireless
AP Client.
AP
NOTE
When you switch to Client mode, you can find an additional Site Survey button on this page. It
can support site survey and pop up a dialog box listing the information of available APs, as
shown in the following figure. You can click on the SSID of an entity and bring the value of its
SSID onto the SSID field of the Basic Wireless Settings page. Clicking on the Refresh button
will re-scan and update the table.
NOTE
If the Gateway field in Basic Settings > Network Settings is empty, a warning message will
appear, reminding you to set the default gateway when Client mode is enabled. You can ignore
this message if you are only planning a local network and no packets will be sent outside the
network.
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RF type
Setting Description Factory Default
A Supports IEEE802.11a standard only
B Supports IEEE802.11b standard only
G Supports IEEE802.11g standard only
B/G Mixed Supports both of IEEE802.11b/g
standards, but 802.11g can be slowed
down when 802.11b clients are on the
network
B/G Mixed
Channel (for AP mode only)
Setting Description Factory Default
Available channels vary
with RF type
AWK-4121 plays a role of wireless
AP.
6 (in B/G Mixed mode)
SSID
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 31 Characters The SSID of a client and the SSID of
the AP must be identical for them to
communicate with each other.
MOXA
SSID broadcast (for AP mode only)
Setting Description Factory Default
Enable/ Disable SSID can be broadcast or not. Enable
NOTE
The AWK-4121-JP (for Japanese frequency bands) only connects SSID-hidden APs in all
IEEE802.11a channels and IEEE802.11g channel 1 to 11. The AWK-4121-EU (for European
frequency bands) only connects SSID-hidden APs in all IEEE802.11b/g channels.
WDS (for AP mode only)
Setting Description Factory Default
Enable/ Disable AWK-4121 supports WDS or not. Disable
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NOTE
The AWK-4121 provides 8 entities for WDS settings and can support up to 8 WDS links to other
APs or wireless bridges. The list appears when WDS Enable is checked. Enter the MAC address
to set up a WDS link. Remember to activate a WDS link by checking the Active check box.
WLAN Security Settings
The AWK-4121 provides four standardized wireless security modes: Open, WEP (Wired
Equivalent Privacy), WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2. Several types of security models
are available in AWK-4121 by selecting Security mode and WPA type:
y Open: No authentication, no data encryption.
y WEP: Static WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) keys must be manually configured.
y WPA/WPA2-Personal: Also known as WPA/WPA2-PSK. You need to specify the Pre-Shared
Key in the Passphrase field, which will be used by the TKIP or AES engine as a master key to
generate keys that actually encrypt outgoing packets and decrypt incoming packets.
y WPA/WPA2-Enterprise: Also called WPA/WPA2-EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol).
In addition to device-based authentication, WPA/WPA2-Enterprise enables user-based
authentication via IEEE802.1X. The AWK-4121 can support three EAP methods: EAP-TLS,
EAP-TTLS, and EAP-PEAP.
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Security mode
Setting Description Factory Default
Open No authentication
WEP Static WEP is used
WPA* WPA is used
WPA2* Fully supports IEEE802.11i with
“TKIP/AES + 802.1X”
Open
* WPA and WPA2 cannot be supported in WDS (Bridge) mode.
Open
For security reasons, it is highly recommended that the security mode should be set to the options
other than Open System. When the security mode is set to Open System, no authentication or data
encryption will be performed.
WEP
According to the IEEE802.11 standard, WEP can be used for authentication and data encryption
(confidentiality). Shared (or Shared Key) authentication type is used if WEP authentication and
data encryption are both needed. Normally, Open (or Open System) authentication type is often
used when WEP data encryption is run with authentication.
When WEP is enabled as a security mode, the length of a key (so-called WEP seed) can be
specified as 64/128 bits, which is actually a 40/104-bit secret key with a 24-bit initialization vector.
The AWK-4121 provides 4 entities of WEP key settings that can be selected to use with Key index.
The selected key setting specifies the key to be used as a send-key for encrypting traffic from the
AP side to the wireless client side. All 4 WEP keys are used as receive-keys to decrypt traffic from
the wireless client side to the AP side.
The WEP key can be presented in two Key type, HEX and ASCII. Each ASCII character has 8 bits,
so a 40-bit (or 64-bit) WEP key contains 5 characters, and a 104-bit (or 128-bit) key has 13
characters. In hex, each character uses 4 bits, so a 40-bit key has 10 hex characters, and a 128-bit
key has 26 characters.
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Authentication type
Setting Description Factory Default
Open Data encryption is enabled, but no
authentication
Shared Data encryption and authentication
are both enabled.
Open
Key type
Setting Description Factory Default
HEX Specifies WEP keys in hex-decimal
number form
ASCII Specifies WEP keys in ASCII form
HEX
Key length
Setting Description Factory Default
64 bits Uses 40-bit secret keys with 24-bit
initialization vector
128 bits Uses 104-bit secret key with 24-bit
initialization vector
64 bits
Key index
Setting Description Factory Default
1-4 Specifies which WEP key is used Open
WEP key 1-4
Setting Description Factory Default
ASCII type:
64 bits: 5 chars
128 bits: 13chars
HEX type:
64 bits: 10 hex chars
128 bits: 26 hex chars
A string that can be used as a WEP
seed for RC4 encryption engine.
None
WPA/WPA2-Personal
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2 are significantly improved encryption methods of WEP.
WPA is a security standard based on 802.11i draft 3, while WPA2 is based on the fully ratified
version of 802.11i. The initial vector is transmitted, encrypted, and enhanced with its 48 bits, twice
as long as WEP. The key is regularly changed so for added security.
Even though AES encryption is only included in the WPA2 standard, it is widely available in the
WPA security mode of some wireless APs and clients as well. The AWK-4121 also supports AES
algorithms in WPA and WPA2 for better compatibility.
Personal versions of WPA/WPA2, also know as WPA/WPA-PSK (Pre-Shared Key), provides a
simple way of encrypting a wireless connection for high confidentiality. A Passphrase is used as a
basis for encryption methods (or cipher types) in a WLAN connection. The passphrases should be
complex and as long as possible. The number of ASCII characters of the Passphrase must be at
least 8 and can go up to 63. For security reason, this passphrase should be disclosed to the relevant
users only and changed regularly.
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WPA type
Setting Description Factory Default
Personal Provides Pre-Shared Key-enabled
WPA and WPA2
Enterprise Provides enterprise-level security
for WPA and WPA2
Personal
Encryption method
Setting Description Factory Default
TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol is
enabled
AES Advance Encryption System is
enabled
Mixed* Provides for both TKIP and AES
*This option is available in AP
mode only.
TKIP
Passphrase
Setting Description Factory Default
8 – 63 characters Master key to generate keys for
encryption and decryption
None
Key renewal (for AP mode only)
Setting Description Factory Default
60 – 86400 seconds
(1 minute to 1 year)
Specifies the time period of group
key renewal
3600 (seconds)
NOTE
The value for key renewal instructs the wireless AP how often it should change the encryption
keys. Usually the security level will be higher if you set this value shorter so that the encryption
keys are changed more often. Default value is 3600 seconds (6 minutes). Longer time periods
can be considered if traffic is not so busy.
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WPA/WPA2-Enterprise (for AP mode)
By selecting WPA type as Enterprise, you can use EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol), a
framework authentication protocol used by 802.1X to provide network authentication. In these
Enterprise-level security modes, a back-end RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User
Service) server is needed if IEEE 802.1X functionality is enabled in WPA /WPA2. The IEEE
802.1X protocol also offers the possibility of carrying out an efficient connection authentication in
a large-scaled network. It is not necessary to exchange keys or passphrases.
WPA type
Setting Description Factory Default
Personal Provides Pre-Shared Key-enabled
WPA and WPA2
Enterprise Provides enterprise-level security
for WPA and WPA2
Personal
Encryption method
Setting Description Factory Default
TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol is
enabled
AES Advance Encryption System is
enabled
Mixed Provides for both TKIP and AES
TKIP
Primary/ Secondary RADIUS server IP
Setting Description Factory Default
The IP address of
RADIUS server
Specifies the delegated RADIUS
server for EAP
None
Primary/ Secondary RADIUS port
Setting Description Factory Default
Port number Specifies the port number of the
delegated RADIUS server
1812
Primary/ Secondary RADIUS shared key
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 31 characters The secret key shared between AP
and RADIUS server
None
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Key renewal
Setting Description Factory Default
60 – 86400 seconds
(1 minute to 1 year)
Specifies the time period of group
key renewal
3600 (seconds)
WPA/WPA2-Enterprise (for Client mode)
In a client role, the AWK-4121 can support three EAP methods (or EAP protocols): EAP-TLS,
EAP-TTLS, and EAP-PEAP, corresponding to WPA/WPA-Enterprise settings on the AP side.
Encryption method
Setting Description Factory Default
TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol is
enabled
AES Advance Encryption System is
enabled
TKIP
EAP Protocol
Setting Description Factory Default
TLS Specifies Transport Layer Security
protocol
TTLS Specifies Tunneled Transport
Layer Security
PEAP Specifies Protected Extensible
Authentication Protocol, or
Protected EAP
TLS
Before choosing the EAP protocol for your WPA/WPA2-Enterpise settings on the client end,
please contact the network administrator to make sure the system supports the protocol on the AP
end. Detailed information on these three popular EAP protocols is presented in the following
sections:
EAP-TLS
TLS is the standards-based successor to the Secure Socket Layer (SSL). It can establish a trusted
communication channel over a distrusted network. TLS provides mutual authentication through
certificate exchange. EAP-TLS is also secure to use. You are required to submit a digital certificate
to the authentication server for validation, but the authentication server must also supply a
certificate.
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You can use Basic Wireless Settings → WLAN Certificate Settings to import your WLAN
certificate and enable EAP-TLS on the client end.
You can check the current certificate status in Current Status if it is available.
Certificate issued to: shows the certificate user
Certificate issued by: shows the certificate issuer
Certificate expiration date: indicates when the certificate gets invalid
EAP-TTLS
It is usually much easier to re-use existing authentication systems, such as a Windows domain or
Active Directory, LDAP directory, or Kerberos realm, rather than creating a parallel authentication
system. As a result, TTLS (Tunneled TLS) and PEAP (Protected EAP) are used to support the use
of so-called “legacy authentication methods.”
TTLS and PEAP work in a similar way. First, they establish a TLS tunnel, like EAP-TLS, and
validate whether the network is trustworthy with digital certificates on the authentication server.
This step is run to establish a tunnel that protects the next step (or “inner” authentication) so it is
sometimes referred to as the “outer” authentication. Then the TLS tunnel is used to encrypt an
older authentication protocol that authenticates the user for the network.
As you can see, digital certificates are still needed for the outer authentication in a simplified form.
Only a small number of certificates are required, which can be generated by a small certificate
authority. Certificate reduction makes TTLS and PEAP much more popular than EAP-TLS.
The AWK-4121 provides some non-cryptographic EAP methods including PAP, CHAP,
MS-CHAP, and MS-CHAP-V2. These EAP methods are not recommended for direct use on
wireless networks. However, they may be useful as inner authentication methods with TTLS or
PEAP.
Because the inner and outer authentications can use distinct user names in TTLS and PEAP, you
can use an anonymous user name for the outer authentication, while the true user name is shown
only through the encrypted channel. Remember, not all client software supports anonymous
altercation. Confirm this with the network administrator before you enable identity hiding in TTLS
and PEAP.
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TTL Inner Authentication
Setting Description Factory Default
PAP Password Authentication Protocol
is used
CHAP Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol is used
MS-CHAP Microsoft CHAP is used
MS-CHAP-V2 Microsoft CHAP version 2 is used
MS-CHAP-V2
Anonymous
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 31 characters A distinct name used for outer
authentication
None
User name & Password
Setting Description Factory Default
User name and password used in
inner authentication
None
PEAP
There are a few differences in the inner authentication procedures for TTLS and PEAP. TTLS uses
the encrypted channel to exchange attribute-value pairs (AVPs), while PEAP uses the encrypted
channel to start a second EAP exchange inside of the tunnel. The AWK-4121 provides
MS-CHAP-V2 merely as an EAP method for inner authentication.
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Inner EAP protocol
Setting Description Factory Default
MS-CHAP-V2 Microsoft CHAP version 2 is used MS-CHAP-V2
Anonymous
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 31 characters A distinct name used for outer
authentication
None
User name & Password
Setting Description Factory Default
User name and password used in
inner authentication
None
Advanced Wireless Settings
Additional wireless-related parameters are presented in this section to help you set up your
wireless network in detail.
Transmission Rate
Setting Description Factory Default
Auto The AWK-4121 will sense and adjust
the data rate automatically
Available rates User can manually select a target
transmission data rate
Auto
Transmission Power
Setting Description Factory Default
Auto
Specifies wireless signal coverage by
automatically selecting the strength o
f
Tx power
Full Equivalent to 100% of maximum Tx
power
High Equivalent to 75% of maximum Tx
power
Medium Equivalent to 50% of maximum Tx
power
Low Equivalent to 25% of maximum Tx
power
Full
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Beacon Interval (for AP mode only)
Setting Description Factory Default
Beacon Interval
(40-1000 ms)
This value indicates the frequency
interval of the beacon
100 (ms)
DTIM Interval (for AP mode only)
Setting Description Factory Default
Data Beacon Rate
(1-16384)
This value indicates how often the
AWK-4121 sends out a Delivery
Traffic Indication Message
1
Fragment threshold
Setting Description Factory Default
Fragment Length
(256-2346)
This parameter specifies the
maximum size a data packet before
splitting and creating another new
packet
2346
RTS threshold
Setting Description Factory Default
RTS/CTS Threshold
(256-2346)
This setting determines how large a
packet can be before the Access Point
coordinates transmission and
reception to ensure efficient
communication
2346
NOTE
You can refer to the related glossaries in Chapter 5 for more detailed information about the
above-mentioned settings. By setting these parameters properly, you can better tune the
performance of your wireless network.
WLAN Certification Settings (for EAP-TLS in Client mode only)
When EAP-TLS is used, a WLAN Certificate will be required at the client end to support
WPA/WPA2-Enterprise. The AWK-4121 can support the PKCS #12, also known as Personal
Information Exchange Syntax Standard, certificate formats that define file formats commonly used
to store private keys with accompanying public key certificates, protected with a password-based
symmetric key.
Current status displays information for the current WLAN certificate, which has been imported
into the AWK-4121. Nothing will be shown if no certificate is available.
Certificate issued to: shows the certificate user
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Certificate issued by: shows the certificate issuer
Certificate expiration date: indicates when the certificate gets invalid
You can import a new WLAN certificate in Import WLAN Certificate by following these steps in
order:
1. Input the corresponding password (or key) in the Certificate private password field. Then
click Submit to set the password.
2. You can see the password displayed in the Certificate private password field. Then click on
the Browse button in Select certificate/key file and select the certificate file.
3. Click Upload Certificate File to import the certificate file. If it succeeds, you can see the
information uploaded in Current Certificate. If it fails, you may need to return to step 1 to set
the password correctly and then import the certificate file again.
NOTE
The WLAN certificate will remain after the AWK-4121 reboots. Even though it is expired, it can
still be seen on Current Certificate.
Advanced Settings
Several advanced functions are available to increase the functionality of your AWK-4121 and
wireless network system. The DHCP server helps you deploy wireless clients efficiently. Packet
filters provide security mechanisms, such as firewalls, in different network layers. Moreover, the
AWK-4121 can support STP/RSTP protocol to increase the reliability across the entire network. In
additional, SNMP support can ease the network management via SNMP protocols.
DHCP Server (for AP mode only)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a networking protocol that allows administrators
to assign temporary IP addresses to network computers by “leasing” an IP address to a user for a
limited amount of time, instead of assigning permanent IP addresses.
The AWK-4121 can act as a simplified DHCP server and easily assign IP addresses to your
wireless clients by responding to the DHCP requests from the client ends. The IP-related
parameters you set on this page will also be sent to the client.
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You can also assign a static IP address to a specific client by entering its MAC address. The
AWK-4121 provides a Static DHCP mapping list with up to 16 entities. Be reminded to check the
Active check box for each entity to activate the setting.
You can check the IP assignment status under Status > DHCP Client List.
DHCP server (AP only)
Setting Description Factory Default
Enable Enables AWK-4121 as a DHCP server
Disable Disable DHCP server function
Disable
Default gateway
Setting Description Factory Default
IP address of a default
gateway
The IP address of the router that
connects to an outside network
None
Subnet mask
Setting Description Factory Default
subnet mask Identifies the type of sub-network
(e.g., 255.255.0.0 for a Class B network,
or 255.255.255.0 for a Class C network)
None
Primary/ Secondary DNS server
Setting Description Factory Default
IP address of Primary/
Secondary DNS server
The IP address of the DNS Server
used by your network. After entering
the DNS Server’s IP address, you can
use URL as well. The Secondary
DNS server will be used if the
Primary DNS server fails to connect.
None
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Start IP address
Setting Description Factory Default
IP address Indicates the IP address which
AWK-4121 can start assigning
None
Maximum number of users
Setting Description Factory Default
1 – 999 Specifies how many IP address can be
assigned continuously
None
Client lease time
Setting Description Factory Default
1 – 10 days The lease time for which an IP
address is assigned. The IP address
may go expired after the lease time is
reached.
10 (days)
Packet Filters
The AWK-4121 includes various filters for IP-based packets going through LAN and WLAN
interfaces. You can set these filters as a firewall to help enhance network security.
MAC Filter
The AWK-4121’s MAC filter is a policy-based filter that can allow or filter out IP-based packets
with specified MAC addresses. The AWK-4121 provides 8 entities for setting MAC addresses in
your filtering policy. Remember to check the Active check box for each entity to activate the
setting.
Enable
Setting Description Factory Default
Enable Enables MAC filter
Disable Disables MAC filter
Disable
Policy
Setting Description Factory Default
Accept Only the packets fitting the entities on
list can be allowed.
Drop Any packet fitting the entities on list
will be denied.
Drop
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ATTENTION
Be careful when you enable the filter function:
Drop + “no entity on list is activated” = all packets are allowed
Accept + “no entity on list is activated” = all packets are denied
IP Protocol Filter
The AWK-4121’s IP protocol filter is a policy-based filter that can allow or filter out IP-based
packets with specified IP protocol and source/destination IP addresses.
The AWK-4121 provides 8 entities for setting IP protocol and source/destination IP addresses in
your filtering policy. Four IP protocols are available: All, ICMP, TCP, and UDP. You must
specify either the Source IP or the Destination IP. By combining IP addresses and netmasks, you
can specify a single IP address or a range of IP addresses to accept or drop. For example, “IP
address 192.168.1.1 and netmask 255.255.255.255” refers to the sole IP address 192.168.1.1. “IP
address 192.168.1.1 and netmask 255.255.255.0” refers to the range of IP addresses from
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.255. Remember to check the Active check box for each entity to activate
the setting.
Enable
Setting Description Factory Default
Enable Enables IP protocol filter
Disable Disables IP protocol filter
Disable
Policy
Setting Description Factory Default
Accept Only the packets fitting the entities on
the list can be allowed
Drop Any packet fitting the entities on the
list will be denied
Drop
ATTENTION
Be careful when you enable the filter function:
Drop + “no entity on list is activated” = all packets are allowed.
Accept + “no entity on list is activated” = all packets are denied.
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TCP/UDP Port Filter
The AWK-4121’s TCP/UDP port filter is a policy-based filter that can allow or filter out
TCP/UDP-based packets with a specified source or destination port.
The AWK-4121 provides 8 entities for setting the range of source/destination ports of a specific
protocol. In addition to selecting TCP or UDP protocol, you can set either the source port,
destination port, or both. The end port can be left empty if only a single port is specified. Of course,
the end port cannot be larger then the start port.
The Application name is a text string that describes the corresponding entity with up to 31
characters. Remember to check the Active check box for each entity to activate the setting.
Enable
Setting Description Factory Default
Enable Enables TCP/UDP port filter
Disable Disables TCP/UDP port filter
Disable
Policy
Setting Description Factory Default
Accept Only the packets fitting the entities
on list can be allowed.
Drop Any packet fitting the entities on list
will be denied.
Drop
ATTENTION
Be careful when you enable the filter function:
Drop + “no entity on list is activated” = all packets are allowed
Accept + “no entity on list is activated” = all packets are denied
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RSTP Settings (for AP mode only)
AWK-4121 supports IEEE802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol and IEEE802.1w Rapid STP standards.
In addition to eliminating unexpected path looping, STP/RSTP can provide a backup path recovery
if a wired/ wireless path fails accidentally. The reliability and availability can increase because this
fail-over function.
AWK-4121’s STP/RSTP feature is disabled by default. To be completely effective, you must
enable RSTP/STP on every AWK-4121 connected to your network. If AWK-4121 plays a Client
role, which is connected to a device (PLC, RTU, etc.) as opposed to network switch equipment, it
is not necessary to enable STP/RSTP. The reason is that it will cause unnecessary negotiation.
AWK-4121s support STP/RSTP in AP mode (including WDS) only.
The following figures indicate which Spanning Tree Protocol parameters can be configured. A
more detailed explanation of each parameter is given below the figure.
RSTP status
This field will appear only when selected to operate STP/RSTP. It indicates whether this
AWK-4121 is the Root of the Spanning Tree (the root is determined automatically) or not.
Bridge priority
Setting Description Factory Default
Numerical value
selected
by user
You can increase the bridge priority
by selecting a lower number. A
higher bridge priority brings a greater
chance of being established as the
root of the Spanning Tree topology.
32768
Hello time
Setting Description Factory Default
Numerical value input
by user
(1 – 10 seconds)
The root of the Spanning Tree
topology periodically sends out a
“hello” message to other devices on
the network to check if the topology
is healthy. Hello time indicates how
often the root sends hello messages.
2 (seconds)
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Forwarding delay
Setting Description Factory Default
Numerical value input
by user
(4 – 30 seconds)
The amount of time this device waits
before checking to see if it should
change to a different topology.
15 (seconds)
Max. age
Setting Description Factory Default
Numerical value input
by user
(6 – 40 seconds)
As a non-root role, if the device has
not received a hello message from
the root longer than Max. age, it will
reconfigure itself as a root. Once two
or more devices on the network are
recognized as a root, the devices will
renegotiate to set up a new Spanning
Tree topology.
20 (seconds)
The AWK-4121 comes with 10 “ports” for RSTP settings. Numbers 3-10 (WDS1-WDS8) are
available only when WDS is enabled in AP mode.
Enable RSTP
Setting Description Factory Default
Enable/ disable Enables or disables the port as a node
on the Spanning Tree topology.
Disable (unchecked)
Port priority
Setting Description Factory Default
Numerical value
selected by user
Increase this port’s priority as a node
on the Spanning Tree topology by
inputting a lower number.
128
Port cost
Setting Description Factory Default
Enable/ Disable Input a higher cost to indicate that
this port is less suitable as a node for
the Spanning Tree topology
2000000
Edge port
Setting Description Factory Default
Checked/ unchecked Sets a port, which no BPDU
expectedly goes through, as an edge
port
unchecked, except AP port
NOTE
We recommend you set an edge port for the port, which is connected to a non-STP/RSTP
sub-network or an end device (PLC, RTU, etc.) as opposed to network equipment. This can
prevent unnecessary waiting and negotiation of STP/RSTP protocol, and accelerate system
initialization. When an edge port receives BPDUs, it can still function as an STP/RSTP port and
start negotiation.
Setting an edge port is different from disabling STP/RSTP on a port. If you disable STP/RSTP, a
port will not deal with STP/RSTP BPDUs at all.
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Port Status
Port Status indicates the current Spanning Tree status of this port. Use Forwarding for normal
transmission, or Blocking to block transmission.
SNMP Agent
The AWK-4121 supports SNMP V1/V2c/V3. SNMP V1 and SNMP V2c use a community string
match for authentication, which means that SNMP servers access all objects with read-only or
read/write permissions using the community string public/private (default value). SNMP V3,
which requires you to select an authentication level of MD5 or SHA, is the most secure protocol.
You can also enable data encryption to enhance data security.
The AWK-4121’s MIB can be found in the software CD and supports reading the attributes via
SNMP. (Only get method is supported.)
SNMP security modes and security levels supported by the AWK-4121 are shown in the following
table. Select the security mode and level that will be used to communicate between the SNMP
agent and manager.
Protocol
Version Setting on
UI web page Authentication
Type Data
Encryption Method
V1, V2c
Read
Community
Community
string
No Use a community string match for
authentication
SNMP
V1, V2c V1, V2c
Write/Read
Community
Community
string
No Use a community string match for
authentication
No-Auth No No Use account with admin or user to access
objects
MD5 or SHA Authentication
based on MD5
or SHA
No Provides authentication based on
HMAC-MD5, or HMAC-SHA algorithms.
8-character passwords are the minimum
requirement for authentication.
SNMP V3
MD5 or SHA Authentication
based on MD5
or SHA
Data
encryption
key
Provides authentication based on
HMAC-MD5 or HMAC-SHA algorithms,
and data encryption key. 8-character
passwords and a data encryption key are the
minimum requirements for authentication
and encryption.
The following parameters can be configured on the SNMP Agent page. A more detailed
explanation of each parameter is given below the following figure.
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Enable
Setting Description Factory Default
Enable Enables SNMP Agent
Disable Disables SNMP Agent
Disable
Read community (for V1, V2c)
Setting Description Factory Default
V1, V2c Read
Community
Use a community string match with a
maximum of 31 characters for
authentication. This means that the
SNMP agent can access all objects
with read-only permissions using this
community string.
public
Write community (for V1, V2c)
Setting Description Factory Default
V1, V2c Read /Write
Community
Use a community string match with a
maximum of 31 characters for
authentication. This means that the
SNMP agent can accesses all objects
with read/write permissions using
this community string.
private
SNMP agent version
Setting Description Factory Default
V1, V2c, V3, or
V1, V2c, or
V3 only
Select the SNMP protocol version
used to manage the switch.
V1, V2c
Admin auth type (for V1, V2c, V3, and V3 only)
Setting Description Factory Default
No Auth Use admin account to access objects.
No authentication
MD5 Provide authentication based on the
HMAC-MD5 algorithms. 8-character
passwords are the minimum
requirement for authentication.
SHA Provides authentication based on
HMAC-SHA algorithms. 8-character
passwords are the minimum
requirement for authentication.
No Auth
Admin private key (for V1, V2c, V3, and V3 only)
Setting Description Factory Default
Disable No data encryption
DES DES-based data encryption
AES AES-based data encryption
Disable
Private key
A data encryption key is the minimum requirement for data encryption (maximum of 63
characters)
Private MIB Information Device Object ID
Also know as OID. This is the AWK-4121’s enterprise value. It is fixed.
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Auto Warning Settings
Since industrial-grade devices are often located at the endpoints of a system, these devices will
not always know what is happening elsewhere on the network. This means that these devices,
including wireless APs or clients, must provide system maintainers with real-time alarm
messages. Even when system administrators are out of the control room for an extended period,
they can still be informed of the status of devices almost instantaneously when exceptions
occur.
In addition to logging these events, the AWK-4121 supports different approaches to warn
engineers automatically, such as SNMP trap, e-mail, and relay output. It also supports two
digital inputs to integrate sensors into your system to automate alarms by email and relay
output.
System Log
System Log Event Types
Detail information for grouped events is shown in the following table. You can check the box for
Enable log to enable the grouped events. All default values are enabled (checked). The log for
system events can be seen in Status > System Log.
System-related events Event is triggered when…
System restart (warm start) The AWK-4121 is rebooted, such as when its settings
are changed (IP address, subnet mask, etc.).
Network-related events Event is triggered when…
LAN link on The LAN port is connected to a device or network.
LAN link off The port is disconnected (e.g., the cable is pulled out,
or the opposing device shuts down).
Client joined/ left
(for AP mode) A wireless client is associated or disassociated.
WLAN connected to AP
(for Client mode) The AWK-4121 is associated with an AP.
WLAN disconnected
(for Client mode) The AWK-4121 is disassociated from an AP.
Config-related events Event is triggered when…
Configuration Changed A configuration item has been changed.
Configuration file import via Web
Console The configuration file is imported to the AWK-4121.
Console authentication failure An incorrect password is entered.
Firmware upgraded The AWK-4121’s firmware is updated.
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Power events Event is triggered when…
Power 1/2 transition (On -> Off) The AWK-4121 is powered down in PWR1/2.
PoE transition (On -> Off) The AWK-4121 is powered down in PoE.
Power 1/2 transition (Off -> On) The AWK-4121 is powered via PWR1/2.
PoE transition (Off -> On) The AWK-4121 is powered via PoE.
DI events Event is triggered when…
DI1/2 transition (On -> Off) Digital Input 1/2 is triggered by on to off transition
DI1/2 transition (Off -> On) Digital Input 1/2 is triggered by off to on transition
Syslog
This function provides the event logs for the Syslog server. The function supports up to three
configurable Syslog servers and Syslog server UDP port numbers. When an event occurs, the
event will be sent as a Syslog UDP packet to the specified Syslog servers.
Syslog Event Types
Detail information for the grouped events is shown in the following table. You can check the box
for Enable log to enable the grouped events. All default values are enabled (checked). Details for
each event group can be found on the “System log Event Types” table on page 3-31.
Syslog Server Settings
You can configure the parameters for your Syslog servers in this page.
Syslog server 1/ 2/ 3
Setting Description Factory Default
IP address Enter the IP address of the 1st/ 2nd/
3rd Syslog Server
None
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Syslog port
Setting Description Factory Default
Port destination
(1 to 65535)
Enter the UDP port of the
corresponding Syslog server
514
E-mail
E-mail Event Types
Check the box for Active to enable the event items. All default values are deactivated (unchecked).
Details for each event item can be found on the “System log Event Types” table on page 3-31.
E-mail Server Settings
You can set up to 4 e-mail addresses to receive alarm emails from the AWK-4121. The following
parameters can be configured on the E-mail Server Settings page. A more detailed explanation of
each parameter is given after the following figure.
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Mail server (SMTP)
Setting Description Factory Default
IP address The IP address of your email server. None
User name & Password
Setting Description Factory Default
User name and password used in the
SMTP server
None
From e-mail address
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 63 characters Enter the administrator’s e-mail
address which will be shown in the
“From” field of a warning e-mail.
None
To E-mail address 1/ 2/ 3/ 4
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 63 characters Enter the receivers’ e-mail addresses. None
Relay
The AWK-4121 has one relay output, which consists of 2 terminal block contacts on the
AWK-4121’s top panel. These relay contacts are used to indicate user-configured events and
system failure.
The two wires attached to the relay contacts form an open circuit when a user-configured event is
triggered. If a user-configured event does not occur, the relay circuit will remain closed. For safety
reasons, the relay circuit is kept open when the AWK-4121 is not powered.
Relay Event Types
You can check the box for Active to enable the event items. All default values are deactivated
(unchecked). Details for each event item can be found in the “System log Event Types” table on
page 3-31.
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Trap
Traps can be used to signal abnormal conditions (notifications) to a management station. This
trap-driven notification can make your network more efficient.
Because a management station usually takes care of a large number of devices that have a large
number of objects, it will be overloading for the management station to poll or send requests to
query every object on every device. It would be better if the managed device agent could notify the
management station by sending a message known as a trap for the event.
Trap Event Types
SNMP Trap Receiver Settings
SNMP traps are defined in SMIv1 MIBs (SNMPv1) and SMIv2 MIBs (SNMPv2c). The two styles
are basically equivalent, and it is possible to convert between the two. You can set the parameters
for SNMP trap receivers through the web page.
1st / 2nd Trap version
Setting Description Factory Default
V1 SNMP trap defined in SNMPv1
V2 SNMP trap defined in SNMPv2
V1
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1st / 2nd Trap server IP/name
Setting Description Factory Default
IP address or host name Enter the IP address or name of the
trap server used by your network.
None
1st / 2nd Trap community
Setting Description Factory Default
Max. 31 characters Use a community string match with a
maximum of 31 characters for
authentication.
Alert
Status
Associated Client List (for AP mode only)
Associated Client List shows all the clients that are currently associated with a specific
AWK-4121. You can click Select all to select all the content in the list for further editing. You can
click Refresh to refresh the list.
DHCP Client List (for AP mode only)
The DHCP Client List shows all the clients that require and have successfully received IP
assignments. You can click the Refresh button to refresh the list.
You can press Select all button to select all content in the list for further editing.
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System Log
Triggered events are recorded in System Log. You can export the log contents to an available
viewer by clicking Export Log. You can use the Clear Log button to clear the log contents and
the Refresh button to refresh the log.
Relay Status
The status of user-configurable events can be found under Relay Status. The status will refresh
every 5 seconds if the Auto refresh box is checked.
If an event is triggered, it will be noted on this list. System administrators can click Acknowledge
Event when he has acknowledged the event and addressed it.
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DI and Power Status
The status of power inputs and digital inputs is shown on this web page. The status will refresh
every 5 seconds if the Auto refresh box is checked.
Wireless Status
The status for 802.11 info parameters, such as Operation mode and Channel, are shown on the
Wireless Status page. The status will refresh every 5 seconds if the Auto refresh box is checked.
Certain values for 802.11 info may not show up due to different operation modes. As a result,
Current BSSID and RSSI are not available in AP mode.
It is helpful to use the continuously updated information on this page, such as RSSI, to monitor the
signal strength of the AWK-4121 in Client mode.
Maintenance
Maintenance functions provide the administrator with tools to manage the AWK-4121 and
wired/wireless networks.
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Console Settings
You can enable or disable access permission for the following consoles: HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet
and SSH connections. For more security, we recommend you only allow access to the two secured
consoles, HTTPS and SSH.
Ping
Ping helps to diagnose the integrity of wired or wireless networks. By inputting a node’s IP
address in the Destination field, you can use the ping command to make sure it exists and whether
or not the access path is available.
If the node and access path are available, you will see that all packets were successfully
transmitted with no loss. Otherwise, some, or even all, packets may get lost, as shown in the
following figure.
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Firmware Upgrade
The AWK-4121 can be enhanced with more value-added functions by installing firmware
upgrades. The latest firmware is available at Moxa’s download center.
Before running a firmware upgrade, make sure the AWK-4121 is off-line. Click the Browse
button to specify the firmware image file and click Firmware Upgrade and Restart to start the
firmware upgrade. After the progress bar reaches 100%, the AWK-4121 will reboot itself.
When upgrading your firmware, the AWK-4121’s other functions are forbidden.
ATTENTION
Please make sure the power source is stable when you upgrade your firmware. An unexpected
power breakup may damage your AWK-4121.
Config Import Export
You can back up or restore the AWK-4121’s configuration with Config Import Export.
In the Config Import section, click Browse to specify the configuration file and click Config
Import button to begin importing the configuration.
In the Config Export section, click the Config Export button and save the configuration file onto
your local storage media. The configuration file is a text file and you can view and edit it with a
general text-editing tool.
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Load Factory Default
Use this function to reset the AWK-4121 and roll all settings back to the factory default values.
You can also reset the hardware by pressing the reset button on the top panel of the AWK-4121.
Password
You can change the administration password for each of the AWK-4121’s console managers by
using the Password function. Before you set up a new password, you must input the current
password and reenter the new password for confirmation. For your security, do not use the default
password root, and remember to change the administration password regularly.
Save Configuration
The following figure shows how the AWK-4121 stores the setting changes into volatile and
non-volatile memory. All data stored in volatile memory will disappear when the AWK-4121 is
shutdown or rebooted unless they are y. Because the AWK-4121 starts up and initializes with the
settings stored in flash memory, all new changes must be saved to flash memory before restarting
the AWK-4121.
This also means the new changes will not work unless you run either the Save Configuration
function or the Restart function.
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After you click on Save Configuration in the left menu box, the following screen will appear.
Click Save if you wish to update the configuration settings in the flash memory at this time.
Alternatively, you may choose to run other functions and put off saving the configuration until
later. However, the new setting changes will remain in the non-volatile memory until you save the
configurations.
Restart
If you submitted configuration changes, you will find a blinking string in the upper right corner of
the screen. After making all your changes, click the Restart function in the left menu box. One of
two different screens will appear.
If you made changes recently but did not save, you will be given two options. Clicking the Restart
button here will reboot the AWK-4121 directly, and all setting changes will be ignored. Clicking
the Save and Restart button will apply all setting changes and then reboot the AWK-4121.
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If you run the Restart function without changing any configurations or with all changes already
saved, you will see just one Restart button on your screen.
You will not be able to run any of the AWK-4121’s functions while the system is rebooting.
Logout
Logout helps users disconnect the current HTTP or HTTPS session and go to the Login page. For
security reasons, we recommend you logout before quitting the console manager.
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4
4
Chapter 4 Other Console Configurations
This chapter explains how to access the AWK-4121 for the first time. In addition to HTTP access,
there are four ways to access AWK-4121: serial console, Telnet console, SSH console, and
HTTPS console. The serial console connection method, which requires using a short serial cable to
connect the AWK-4121 to a PC’s COM port, can be used if you do not know the AWK-4121’s IP
address. The other consoles can be used to access the AWK-4121 over an Ethernet LAN, or over
the Internet.
In this chapter, we cover the following topics:
RS-232 Console Configuration (115200, None, 8, 1, VT100)
Configuration by Telnet and SSH Consoles
Configuration by Web Browser with HTTPS/SSL
Disabling Telnet and Browser Access
AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Other Console Configurations
ATTENTION
1. You CANNOT connect to the AWK-4121 by two ore more of these console configurations
simultaneously.
2. You can connect to the AWK-4121 simultaneously by web browser and serial/ Telnet /SSH
console. However, we strongly suggest that you do NOT use more than one connection
method at the same time. Following this advice will allow you to maintain better control
over the configuration of your AWK-4121.
RS-232 Console Configuration (115200, None, 8, 1, VT100)
The serial console connection method, which requires using a short serial cable to connect the
AWK-4121 to a PC’s COM port, can be used if you do not know the AWK-4121’s IP address. It is
also convenient to use serial console configurations when you cannot access the AWK-4121 over
Ethernet LAN, such as in the case of LAN cable disconnections or broadcast storming over the
LAN.
ATTENTION
Do not use the RS-232 console manager when the AWK-4121 is powered at reversed voltage
(ex. -48VDC), even though reverse voltage protection is supported. If you need to connect the
RS-232 console at reverse voltage, Moxa’s TCC-82 isolator is your best solution.
NOTE
We recommend using Moxa PComm (Lite) Terminal Emulator, which can be downloaded free
of charge from Moxa’s website.
Before running PComm Terminal Emulator, use an RJ45 to DB9-F (or RJ45 to DB25-F) cable to
connect the AWK-4121’s RS-232 console port to your PC’s COM port (generally COM1 or COM2,
depending on how your system is set up). After installing PComm Terminal Emulator, take the
following steps to access the RS-232 console utility.
1. From the Windows desktop, open the Start menu and start PComm Terminal Emulator in the
PComm (Lite) group.
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2. Select Open under Port Manager to open a new connection.
3. The Communication Parameter page of the Property window opens. Select the appropriate
COM port for Console Connection, 115200 for Baud Rate, 8 for Data Bits, None for Parity,
and 1 for Stop Bits.
4. Click on the Terminal tab, and select VT100 (or ANSI) for Terminal Type. Click on OK to
continue.
5. The Console login screen will appear. Log into the RS-232 console with the login name
(default: admin) and password (default: root, if no new password is set).
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6. The AWK-4121’s device information and Main Menu will be displayed. Please follow the
description on screen and select the administration option you wish to perform.
NOTE
To modify the appearance of the PComm Terminal Emulator window, select Edit → Font and
then choose the desired formatting options.
ATTENTION
If you unplug the RS-232 cable or trigger DTR, you will automatically be logged out for
network security. You will need to log in again to resume operation.
Configuration by Telnet and SSH Consoles
You may use Telnet or SSH client to access the AWK-4121 and manage the console over a
network. To access the AWK-4121’s functions over the network from a PC host that is connected
to the same LAN as the AWK-4121, you need to make sure that the PC host and the AWK-4121
are on the same logical subnet. To do this, check your PC host’s IP address and subnet mask.
NOTE
The AWK-4121’s default IP address is 192.168.127.253 and the default subnet mask is
255.255.255.0 (for a Class C network). If you do not set these values properly, please check the
network settings of your PC host and then change the IP address to 192.168.127.xxx and subnet
mask to 255.255.255.0.
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Follow the steps below to access the console utility via Telnet or SSH client.
1. From Windows Desktop, run Start → Run, and then use Telnet to access the AWK-4121’s IP
address from the Windows Run window. (You may also issue the telnet command from the
MS-DOS prompt.)
When using SSH client (ex. PuTTY), please run the client program (ex. putty.exe) and then
input the AWK-4121’s IP address, specifying 22 for the SSH connection port.
2. The Console login screen will appear. Please refer to the previous paragraph “RS-232 Console
Configuration” and for login and administration.
Configuration by Web Browser with HTTPS/SSL
To secure your HTTP access, the AWK-4121 supports HTTPS/SSL encryption for all HTTP traffic.
Perform the following steps to access the AWK-4121’s web browser interface via HTTPS/SSL.
1. Open your web browser and type https://<AWK-4121’s IP address> in the address field. Press
Enter to establish the connection.
\
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2. Warning messages will pop out to warn users that the security certificate was issued by a
company they have not chosen to trust.
3. Select Yes to accept the certificate issued by Moxa IW and then enter the AWK-4121’s web
browser interface secured via HTTPS/SSL. (You can see the protocol in URL is https.) Then
you can use the menu tree on the left side of the window to open the function pages to access
each of the AWK-4121’s functions.
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Disabling Telnet and Browser Access
If you are connecting the AWK-4121 to a public network but do not intend to use its management
functions over the network, then we suggest disabling both Telnet Console and Web Configuration.
Please run Maintenance → Console Settings to disable them, as shown in the following figure.
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5
5
Chapter 5 References
This chapter provides more detailed information about wireless-related technologies. The
information in this chapter can help you administer your AWK-4121s and plan your industrial
wireless network better.
The following topics are covered:
Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
Beacon
DTIM
Fragment
RTS Threshold
STP and RSTP
¾ The STP/RSTP Concept
¾ Differences between RSTP and STP
AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual References
Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
Traditionally, APs are connected via Ethernet LAN ports. By using a Wireless Distribution System
(WDS), APs can communicate with one another wirelessly. For example, AP 2 acts as an access
point for the notebook computers or other IEEE802.11-enabled clients, and forwards packets sent
from the notebook computers to AP 1 through WDS. Then, AP 1 forwards the packets to the
Ethernet LAN. Packets destined for the notebook computers follow a reverse path from the
Ethernet LAN through the APs to the notebook computers. In this way, AP 2 acts as an “AP
repeater.”
By using WDS, two or more LAN segments can be connected wirelessly. As illustrated in the
above figure, a pair of wireless LAN-to-LAN bridges is used to connect two LAN segments. Since
the AP is WDS-enabled, it can be used as a wireless bridge.
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It is a good idea to plan your wireless network by drawing a diagram so that you know how each
AWK-4121 is connected to other peer APs or wireless bridges by WDS, and how bridges are
connected to other peer bridges by WDS. See the following figure for an example of a
network-planning diagram.
ATTENTION
Be sure to eliminate loops from networks that consist of wireless bridges, Ethernet switches,
Ethernet links, and WDS links. If any loops exist, packets will circle around the loops and
network performance will be seriously degraded. The following figure shows a network topology
containing a loop.
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Beacon
A beacon is a packet broadcast by the AP to keep the network synchronized. A beacon includes the
wireless LAN service area, the AP address, the Broadcast destination address, a time stamp,
Delivery Traffic Indicator Maps (DTIM), and the Traffic Indicator Message (TIM). Beacon
Interval indicates the frequency interval of AP.
DTIM
Delivery Traffic Indication Map (DTIM) is contained in beacon frames. It is used to indicate that
broadcast and multicast frames buffered by the AP will be delivered shortly. Lower settings result
in more efficient networking, while preventing your PC from dropping into power-saving sleep
mode. Higher settings allow your PC to enter sleep mode, thus saving power.
Fragment
A lower setting means smaller packets, which will create more packets for each transmission. If
you have decreased this value and experience high packet error rates, you can increase it again, but
it will likely decrease overall network performance. Only minor modifications of this value are
recommended.
RTS Threshold
RTS Threshold (256-2346) – This setting determines how large a packet can be before the Access
Point coordinates transmission and reception to ensure efficient communication. This value should
remain at its default setting of 2,346. When you encounter inconsistent data flow, only minor
modifications are recommended.
STP and RSTP
The STP/RSTP Concept
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) was designed to help reduce link failures in a network, and provide
protection from loops. Networks that have a complicated architecture are prone to broadcast
storms caused by unintended loops in the network. The STP protocol is part of the IEEE802.1D
standard, 1998 Edition bridge specification.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) implements the Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol
defined by IEEE802.1w-2001 standard. RSTP provides the following benefits:
y The topology of a bridged network will be determined much more quickly compared to STP.
y RSTP is backward compatible with STP, making it relatively easy to deploy. For example:
Defaults to sending 802.1D-style BPDUs if packets with this format are received.
STP (802.1D) and RSTP (802.1w) can operate on the LAN ports and WLAN ports (AP
and WDS1-WDS8) of the same AWK-4121.
This feature is particularly helpful when the AWK-4121 connects to older equipment, such as
legacy switches.
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5-5
Differences between RSTP and STP
RSTP is similar to STP, but includes additional information in the BPDUs that allow each bridge
to confirm that it has taken action to prevent loops from forming when it decides to enable a link
to a neighboring bridge. Adjacent bridges connected via point-to-point links will be able to enable
a link without waiting to ensure that all other bridges in the network have had time to react to the
change. The main benefit of RSTP is that the configuration decision is made locally rather than
network-wide, allowing RSTP to carry out automatic configuration and restore a link faster than
STP.
6
6
Chapter 6 Supporting Information
This chapter presents additional information about this manual and product. You can also learn
how to contact Moxa for technical support.
The following topics are covered:
About This User’s Manual
DoC (Declaration of Conformity)
¾ Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
¾ R&TTE Compliance Statement
Firmware Recovery
Technical Support Contact Information
AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Supporting Information
About This User’s Manual
This manual is mainly designed for, but no limited to, the following hardware and firmware for the
AWK-4121:
y Hardware Rev: 1.0
y Firmware Ver: 1.0
You are strongly recommended to visit Moxa’s website (http://www.moxa.com) and find the latest
product datasheet, firmware, QIG (Quick Installation Guide), UM (User’s Manual) and related
information.
NOTE
You can find out the hardware revision number of AWK-4121 on the side label.
The firmware version number can be seen on the Overview page, as follow:
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Supporting Information
DoC (Declaration of Conformity)
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions,
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:
y Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
y Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
y Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
y Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Caution: To assure continued compliance, (example – use only shielded interface cables
when connecting to computer or peripheral devices). Any changes or modifications not expressly
approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate this
equipment. This transmitter must not be co-located or operated in conjunction with any other
antenna or transmitter.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm
between the radiator & your body.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept
any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
R&TTE Compliance Statement
With the 5.15-5.25 GHz band, U-NII devices will be restricted to indoor operations to reduce
any potential for harmful interference to co-channel MSS operations.
This equipment complies with all the requirements of DIRECTIVE 1999/5/CE OF THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and
telecommunication terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE).
The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive 98/13/EEC (Telecommunications
Terminal Equipment and Satellite Earth Station Equipment) as of April 8, 2000.
Safety
This equipment is designed with the utmost care for the safety of those who install and use it.
However, special attention must be paid to the dangers of electric shock and static electricity when
working with electrical equipment. All guidelines of this and of the computer manufacturer must
therefore be allowed at all times to ensure the safe use of the equipment.
EU Countries Intended for Use
The ETSI version of this device is intended for home and office use in Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France (with Frequency channel restrictions), Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, and United Kingdom.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Supporting Information
The ETSI version of this device is also authorized for use in EFTA member states Norway and
Switzerland.
EU Countries Not Intended for Use
None.
Potential Restrictive Use
France: only channels 10, 11, 12, and 13.
Firmware Recovery
When the LEDs of FAULT, Signal Strength, CLIENT, BRIDGE and WLAN all light up
simultaneously and blink at one-second interval, it means the system booting has failed. It may
result from some wrong operation or uncontrollable issues, such as an unexpected shutdown
during firmware update. The AWK-4121 is designed to help administrators recover such damage
and resume system operation rapidly. You can refer to the following instructions to recover the
firmware:
Connect to the AWK-4121’s ES-232 console with 115200bps and N-8-1. You will see the
following message shown on the terminal emulator every one second.
Press Ctrl - C and the following message will appear.
Enter 2 to change the network setting. Specify where the AWK-4121’s firmware file on the TFTP
server and press y to write the settings into flash memory.
AWK-4121 restarts, and the “Press Ctrl-C to enter Firmware Recovery Process…” message will
reappear. Press Ctrl-C to enter the menu and select 1 to start the firmware upgrade process.
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AirWorks AWK-4121 User’s Manual Supporting Information
The ETSI version of this device is also authorized for use in EFTA member states Norway and
Switzerland.
EU Countries Not Intended for Use
None.
Potential Restrictive Use
France: only channels 10, 11, 12, and 13.
Firmware Recovery
When the LEDs of FAULT, Signal Strength, CLIENT, BRIDGE and WLAN all light up
simultaneously and blink at one-second interval, it means the system booting has failed. It may
result from some wrong operation or uncontrollable issues, such as an unexpected shutdown
during firmware update. The AWK-4121 is designed to help administrators recover such damage
and resume system operation rapidly. You can refer to the following instructions to recover the
firmware:
Connect to the AWK-4121’s ES-232 console with 115200bps and N-8-1. You will see the
following message shown on the terminal emulator every one second.
Press Ctrl - C and the following message will appear.
Enter 2 to change the network setting. Specify where the AWK-4121’s firmware file on the TFTP
server and press y to write the settings into flash memory.
AWK-4121 restarts, and the “Press Ctrl-C to enter Firmware Recovery Process…” message will
reappear. Press Ctrl-C to enter the menu and select 1 to start the firmware upgrade process.
6-4