Nokia Networks R242-V02 frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) transceiver User Manual HARD

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Installation Manual

GSDU 468845A (paper)WREM 070700A (on CD 468846A)August, 2000Nokia RoofTop™Wireless RoutingInstallation Guide

COPYRIGHT© 2000 Nokia Corporation. All rights reserved.Rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States.RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGENDUse, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights inTechnical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013.IMPORTANT NOTE TO USERSThis device has been certified by the FCC as a Class B device and as such must be installed and/or moved by a profes-sional.TRADEMARKSNokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Nokia RoofTop™ is a registered trademark of Nokia Networks.Other products mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.COMPLIANCE STATEMENTSThis hardware complies with the standards listed in this section.Emission StandardsUNINTENTIONAL EMISSIONS: FCC Part 15 CLASS BINTENTIONAL EMISSIONS: FCC Part 15, Section 15.247This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCCrules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. Thisequipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruc-tions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occurin a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be deter-mined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or more of the fol-lowing measures:—Reorient or locate the receiving antenna.—Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.—Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.—Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Any modifications made to the unit, unless expressly approved by Nokia could void the user’s authority to operate the equip-ment.DISCLAIMER:TO THE INSTALLER: THE INSTRUCTIONS PROVIDED IN THIS GUIDE ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OFANY KIND EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. NOKIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR-POSE OR INFRINGEMENT, INCLUDING ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHERRIGHTS. THERE IS NO WARRANTY BY NOKIA THAT THE INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN THE GUIDE WILL MEET YOURREQUIREMENTS. THERE IS NO WARRANTY BY NOKIA THAT THE INSTRUCTIONS AND STATEMENTS CONTAINED INTHE GUIDE OR ITS CONTENT ARE TRUE, ACCURATE OR COMPLETE.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL NOKIA,ITS EMPLOYEES OR AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST PROFITS, REVENUE, SALES, DATA, OR COSTS OF PRO-CUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, PROPERTY DAMAGE, PERSONAL INJURY, INTERRUPTION OFBUSINESS, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION OR FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, ECONOMIC,COVER, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES HOWEVER CAUSED, AND WHETHER ARISING UNDERCONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TOUSE THE GUIDE, EVEN IF NOKIA OR AFFILIATES ARE ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide vContentsCHAPTER 1 System Overview ...............................11.1Introduction.............................1CHAPTER 2 Antenna Installation ...........................52.1Introduction.............................52.2SiteAnalysis............................62.2.1 RF Link Feasibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3LineofSightAnalysis.....................82.3.1VisualLineofSight.......................82.3.2RadioLineofSight .......................92.3.3FresnelZone.............................92.3.4AntennaHeight...........................92.4AntennaSelection.......................102.4.1OmnidirectionalAntennas.................102.4.2DirectionalAntennas.....................102.5Cables ................................122.6OutdoorInstallationProcedures ............132.6.1SafetyGuidelines........................132.6.2 Required Installation Components. . . . . . . . . . . 132.6.3Polarization.............................142.6.4TestInstallation .........................142.6.5Grounding..............................152.6.6Weatherproofing.........................162.6.7 Weatherproofing Flexible RF Jumper Cables . . 192.6.8AmplifierWeatherproofing ................202.7IndoorInstallationProcedures..............212.7.1Weatherproofing.........................212.7.2Antennas...............................212.7.3Grounding..............................21CHAPTER 3 Wireless Router Installation ..................233.1Introduction............................233.1.1 Preinstallation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

vi Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation GuideContents3.1.2PhysicalLocation........................243.1.3PhysicalMounting.......................243.1.4ConnectionOptions......................253.1.5Amplifiers..............................263.2FrontPanel............................283.2.1LEDIndicators..........................283.2.2Configuration...........................293.3RearPanel.............................30APPENDIX A Cables .........................................31APPENDIX B Network Planning Guidelines ................33APPENDIX C Technical Specifications .....................35APPENDIX D Required Minimum Working Distances forAntennas .................................................39

Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide 1CHAPTER 1 System Overview1.1 IntroductionThis chapter provides:•A basic understanding of how a wireless router system functions•How wireless systems self-configureWireless router networks bypass the wired local loop with fast “always-on” wireless Internet access.The Nokia AIR™ Operating System (OS) provides intelligence, securityand ease of use to make wireless networks practical, simple to deploy, andcost effective. Wireless Internet or intranet access across a network iscompletely transparent to the end user.The Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routers, Models R242/242A, are bothwireless Internet access devices and IP routers. The wireless router unitsoperate in a mesh network where line of sight access is required to onlyone other wireless router.

2 Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide1.1.1 ConfigurationWhen the units are configured and deployed, they adapt to the networkautomatically to learn the network topology. The operating system thenbuilds and maintains the network topology and routing tables, andcontinually updates them as the network changes.Line of sight problems, common in point-to-multipoint networks, areeliminated by routing traffic through other units. If a node cannot connectdirectly to the AirHead, multihop routing protocols forward trafficthrough another wireless router.Operating system protocols optimize wireless links providing hop-by-hopdata integrity and efficient, intelligent multicasting. Protocols controlchannel scheduling, neighbor authentication, and link maintenance, aswell as optimize routing in the wireless environment. By schedulingtraffic streams to non-conflicting transmission times and RadioFrequency (RF) channels, quality-sensitive and/or bandwidth intensiveapplications co-exist with standard applications.1.1.2 Installation ComponentsEach installation consists of a Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Router, RFcabling, lightning protection, and an amplifier (optional). The antennasmount on the roof, or in a location in line of sight to other antennas in thenetwork. RF cabling is run from the antenna to the wireless router, whichis mounted indoors.A successful installation requires:•Site analysis and proper planning (section 2.3)•Placement of the antenna with line of sight to at least one antennain the network (section 2.3)•Using appropriate antenna and cabling (Sections 2.4 and 2.5)•Proper installation technique, including grounding andweatherproofing (Section 2.6)

Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide 3Introduction•Proper placement and mounting of the wireless router (Section3.1)•Proper use of cabling between the wireless router and thesubscribers’ PC/network (Section 3.1.7)

4 Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide

Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide 5CHAPTER 2 Antenna Installation2.1 IntroductionChapter topics include:•Site Analysis•Line of Sight Analysis•Antenna Selection•Cables•Outdoor Installation Procedures•Safety Guidelines•Required Installation Components•Polarization•Test Installation•Grounding•Weatherproofing•Indoor Installation Procedures

6 Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide2.2SiteAnalysisThe goals of site analysis are:•To determine the feasibility of RF links at each site•To determine the antenna and cable requirements necessary toprovide service2.2.1 RF Link FeasibilityWireless routers operate in a “mesh” network—line of sight is required toonly one other radio in the network. The IP routing capability allows allunits to act as repeaters for other units.Survey all obstructions to potential sites. For most installations use anomnidirectional antenna. This assures maximum connectivity and allowsthe unit to forward packets for existing and future needs.NOTE: To maintain broadband data rates, it is recommended thatnetworks be kept within three hops.2.2.1.1 Site Survey Steps1. Determine if there are Line of Sight (LOS) paths for each proposedlink. Line of sight exists if there are no obstructions (for example,trees, buildings, etc.) between the antennas. For best results, thereshould be no obstructions between the two antennas. For longdistance paths there should be no obstacles close to the RF path.2. Determine the antenna location and maximum possible antennaheight. The height of the antenna is often dependent on the physicallimitations of the site. For example, an antenna mast can be placed ona rooftop, an antenna can be installed on an existing structure ortower, or the mast and antenna can be installed on the ground.

Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide 7Site Analysis3. Determine the RF paths between the antenna at the site and theantennas at adjacent sites. For a directional link with a single antenna,there is only one RF path. For an omnidirectional antenna, determineall RF paths. The RF path can be determined by knowing the relativebearing from the current site to adjacent sites.4. The feasibility of an RF link can be estimated based on:•Distances between the potential sites•The line of sight for the RF paths•Antenna RF gains•Cable losses5. After one or more sites have been installed and are operational, testeach new site before completing the installation.6. After determining the feasibility of the RF link, consider thefollowing:•Hardware and tools necessary to complete the installation•Wireless router installation location•The RF cable routing between the wireless router and the antenna•Power for the wireless router•Ethernet cable routing•Antenna grounding and lightning arrestor requirements

8 Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide2.3 Line of Sight AnalysisA quality antenna installation includes:•Clear visual line of sight between antennas•Clear radio line of sight between antennas•Antenna and cable selection and mounting based on the siterequirements and limitations2.3.1 Visual Line of SightVisual line of sight exists when an imaginary straight line can be drawnbetween two antennas without passing through any physical obstructions.Verifying visual line of sight is the first step in planning. Observationpoints must be high enough to allow the viewer to see over obstructions.

$Nokia RoofTop™ Wireless Routing Installation Guide 9Line of Sight Analysis2.3.2 Radio Line of SightProvide a clear radio path by raising the antenna as high as possible andaway from objects near the radio path. A radio wave is not like a laserwith a narrow, pointed beam. RF waves fan out from a single source andare diffracted or absorbed by objects that are near the visual line of sight.This area is called the Fresnel Zone. Clear radio line of sight exists whenthere are no physical obstructions in the Fresnel Zone.2.3.3 Fresnel ZoneElevate antennas as high as practical above physical obstacles to avoidobstructing the Fresnel Zone, the elliptical area adjacent to the path, thatcould reflect unwanted signals into the primary path and reduce signallevels. The Fresnel Zone must be considered when installing antennas.2.3.4 Antenna HeightAll antennas have a limited vertical radiation pattern. If nearby antennasare placed at different heights, verify that the vertical line of sight anglefalls within the antenna specifications for a good link.Fresnel Zone$