OPPO Digital AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter User Manual AK093 UG
OPPO Digital, Inc. 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter AK093 UG
UserGuide
AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
AK093
150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
FCC STATEMENT
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates,
uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning
the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ TV technician for help.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
1) This device may not cause harmful interference.
2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:
This device has been tested for compliance with FCC RF Exposure (SAR) limits in the typical
laptop computer configuration and this device can be used in desktop or laptop computers. This
device cannot be used with handheld PDAs (personal digital assistants). This device and its
antenna must not be co-located or operated in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
SAR measurements are based on a 5mm spacing from the body and that compliance is
achieved at that distance.
AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
CE Mark Warning
This is a class B product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference,
in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
National restrictions
This device is intended for home and office use in all EU countries (and other countries
following the EU directive 1999/5/EC) without any limitation except for the countries mentioned
below:
Country Restriction Reason/remark
Bulgaria None General authorization required for outdoor use and
public service
France
Outdoor use limited to 10
mW e.i.r.p. within the band
2454-2483.5 MHz
Military Radiolocation use. Refarming of the 2.4 GHz
band has been ongoing in recent years to allow current
relaxed regulation. Full implementation planned 2012
Italy None If used outside of own premises, general authorization is
required
Luxembourg None General authorization required for network and service
supply(not for spectrum)
Norway Implemented This subsection does not apply for the geographical area
within a radius of 20 km from the centre of Ny-Ålesund
Russian Federation None Only for indoor applications
Note: Please don’t use the product outdoors in France.
AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
CONTENTS
Package Contents .................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1.Introduction ........................................................................................ 2
1.1Overview of the product ...................................................................................................... 2
1.2Features ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.3LED Status ......................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2.Installation Guide ............................................................................... 4
2.1Hardware Installation .......................................................................................................... 4
2.2Software Installation ........................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1For Windows XP .......................................................................................................... 4
2.2.2For Windows Vista ...................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3For Windows 7 .......................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 3.Configuration Guide ......................................................................... 14
3.1For Windows XP ............................................................................................................... 14
3.1.1Current Status ........................................................................................................... 14
3.1.2Profile Management .................................................................................................. 16
3.1.3Diagnostics ................................................................................................................ 24
3.2For Windows Vista ............................................................................................................ 25
3.3For Windows 7 ................................................................................................................. 27
Appendix A: Specifications ................................................................................... 30
Appendix B: Glossary ............................................................................................ 31
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Package Contents
The following contents should be found in your box:
¾ One AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
¾ Quick Installation Guide
¾ One USB cable
¾ One Resource CD for AK093, including:
• AR51 Wireless Lite-N Client Utility (AWCU) and Drivers
• User Guide
• Other Helpful Information
) Note:
Make sure that the package contains the above items. If any of the listed items are damaged or
missing, please contact with your distributor.
Conventions:
The ‘Adapter’ mentioned in this user guide stands for AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB
Adapter without any explanations.
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Chapter 1. Introduction
Thank you for choosing AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter.
1.1 Overview of the product
The adapter is designed to provide a high-speed and unrivaled wireless performance for your
notebook and PC. With a faster wireless connection, you can get a better Internet experience,
such as downloading, gaming, video streaming and so on.
The AK093’s auto-sensing capability allows high packet transfer rate of up to 150Mbps for
maximum throughput. It has good capability on anti-jamming; it can also interoperate with other
wireless (802.11b/g) products. The adapter supports WEP, WPA and WPA2 encryption to prevent
outside intrusion and protect your personal information from being exposed.
The Quick Setup Wizard guides you step by step through the installation process; the AR51
Wireless Lite-N Client Utility helps you create a wireless connection immediately.
With unmatched wireless performance, reception, and security protection, the AK093 is the best
choice for easily adding or upgrading wireless connectivity.
1.2 Features
¾ IEEE802.11g, IEEE802.11b standards
¾ Supports WPA/WPA2 data security, IEEE802.1x authentication, TKIP/AES encryption,
WEP encryption
¾ Make use of IEEE 802.11n wireless technology to provide a wireless data rate of up to
150Mbps
¾ supports automatically adjust to lower speeds due to distance or other operating limitations
¾ Provides USB interface
¾ Supports Ad-Hoc and Infrastructure modes
¾ Good capability on anti-jamming
¾ Supports roaming between access points when configured in Infrastructure mode
¾ Easy to configure and provides monitoring information
¾ Supports Windows 2000, XP32/64, Vista32, 7
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1.3 LED Status
Status Working Status
Off The driver has not been installed.
Flashing Slowly The driver has been installed but there is no data being transmitted
or received.
Flashing Quickly There is data being transmitted or received.
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Chapter 2. Installation Guide
2.1 Hardware Installation
There are two ways to install the Adapter:
1. Plug the Adapter directly to the USB port on your computer.
2. Connect the Adapter and your computer through the USB cable attached in package.
) Note:
The promoted Found New Hardware Wizard screen will pop up when the adapter is installed
correctly. Click Cancel.
2.2 Software Installation
2.2.1 For Windows XP
The Setup steps for Windows 2000 and XP are similar with each other. This user guide takes
Windows XP for example.
1. Insert the Resource CD into your CD-ROM drive. To continue, double-click My Computer,
and then double-click the CD/DVD drive where the installation CD was placed. Open
AK093 folder, and double-click Setup.exe. Then you will see Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1
2. Soon, XFigure 2-2X will display after a moment. Click Next to continue.
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Figure 2-2
3. After that, you should choose a Setup type. It is recommended that you select Install
Client Utilities and Driver. Select Install Driver Only to install driver only, select Make
Driver Installation Diskette(s) to make the diskette(s) as the installation driver (shown
in XFigure 2-3). Click Next to continue.
Figure 2-3
4. Click Browse… to change the destination location for the software, then click Next in the
screen below (shown in XFigure 2-4).
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Figure 2-4
5. After that, select the program folder, you should create a new folder name or select one
from the Existing Folders list. It is recommended that you keep the default setting. Click
Next to continue the installation.
Figure 2-5
6. Choose configuration tool, if you are not sure, please leave it default. Then click Next to
continue.
AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
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Figure 2-6
7. Click OK to continue the Installation. Wait a while for the setup as shown in XFigure 2-7.
Figure 2-7
) Note:
For Windows XP, the Setup Wizard will notify you of how to proceed with the installation during
these steps (shown in XFigure 2-8X). Our drivers have been tested thoroughly, and are able to work
with the operating system. Click Continue Anyway to continue the Installation.
AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
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Figure 2-8
8. After all the steps above, you will see the screen below, click Finish to reboot the system.
Figure 2-9
2.2.2 For Windows Vista
1. Insert the Resource CD into your CD-ROM drive. To continue, find the CD/DVD drive
where the installation CD was placed. Open AK093 folder, and double-click Setup.exe.
Then you will see Figure 2-10.
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Figure 2-10
2. Soon, Figure 2-11 will display after a moment. Click Next to continue.
Figure 2-11
3. Wait a while for the setup as shown in Figure 2-12.
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Figure 2-12
) Note:
For Windows Vista, the Setup Wizard will notify you about the Windows Security with the
installation during these steps (shown in XFigure 2-13). Our drivers have been tested thoroughly,
and are able to work with the operating system. Click Installation this driver software anyway
to continue the Installation.
Figure 2-13
4. Then you will see Figure 2-14. Click Finish to complete.
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Figure 2-14
2.2.3 For Windows 7
1. Insert the Resource CD into your CD-ROM drive. To continue, find the CD/DVD drive
where the installation CD was placed. Open AK093 folder, and double-click Setup.exe.
Then you will see Figure 2-15.
Figure 2-15
2. Soon, Figure 2-16 will display after a moment. Click Next to continue.
AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
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Figure 2-16
3. Wait a while for the setup as shown in Figure 2-17.
Figure 2-17
) Note:
For Windows Vista, the Setup Wizard will notify you about the Windows Security with the
installation during these steps (shown in XFigure 2-18). Our drivers have been tested thoroughly,
and are able to work with the operating system. Click Installation this driver software anyway
AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
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to continue the installation.
Figure 2-18
4. Then you will see Figure 2-19. Click Finish to complete.
Figure 2-19
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Chapter 3. Configuration Guide
3.1 For Windows XP
AK093 can be configured by AR51 Wireless Lite-N Client Utility (AWCU) in Windows XP & 2000.
This chapter describes how to configure your Adapter for wireless connectivity on your Wireless
Local Area Network (WLAN) and use the data security encryption features.
The configuration of the adapter in Windows XP is similar with that of Windows 2000. This User
Guide takes Windows XP for example.
After Installing the Adapter, the Adapter’s tray icon will appear in your system tray. It
appears at the bottom of the screen, and shows the signal strength using color and the received
signal strength indication (RSSI).
If the icon is gray, there is no connection.
If the icon is red, there is poor signal strength and the RSSI is less than 5dB.
If the icon is yellow, there is poor signal strength and the RSSI is between 5dB and 10dB.
If the icon is green, there is good signal strength and the RSSI is between 10dB and 20dB.
If the icon is green, there is excellent signal strength and the RSSI is more than 20dB.
Double-click the icon and the AWCU will run. You can also run the utility by clicking the Start→
Program→Wireless→30BAR51 Wireless Lite-N Client Utility→AR51 Wireless Lite-N Client
Utility. The AWCU provides some integrated and easy tools to:
¾ Display current status information
¾ Edit and add configuration profiles
¾ Display current diagnostics information
The section below introduces these above capabilities.
3.1.1 Current Status
The Current Status tab contains general information about the program and its operations. The
Current Status tab needn’t any configurations.
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Figure 3-1
The following table describes the items found on the Current Status screen.
¾ Profile Name - This shows the name of current selected configuration profile. The
configuration of Profile name will be described on the General tab of Profile Management.
¾ Link Status - This shows whether the station is associated to the wireless network.
¾ Wireless Mode - Here displays the wireless mode.
¾ Network Type - The type of network and the station currently connected are shown here.
The options include:
• Infrastructure (access point)
• Ad Hoc
) Note:
You can configure the network type and wireless mode on the Advanced tab of Profile
Management.
¾ IP Address - This displays the computer’s IP address.
¾ Control Channel - This shows the currently connected channel.
¾ Data Encryption - Here displays the encryption type the driver is using. You can configure
it on the Security tab of Profile Management.
¾ Server Based Authentication - This shows whether the server based authentication is
used.
¾ Signal Strength - This shows the strength of the signal.
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Click Advanced on the screen above, you can see advanced information about the program
and its operations.
3.1.2 Profile Management
Click the Profile Management tab of the AWCU and the next screen will appear (shown
in XFigure 3-2X). The Profile Management screen provides tools to:
¾ Add a new profile
¾ Modify a profile
¾ Remove a profile
¾ Activate a Profile
¾ Import a Profile
¾ Export a Profile
¾ Scan Available Networks
¾ Order profiles
Figure 3-2
3.1.2.1. Add or Modify a Configuration Profile
To add a new configuration profile, click New on the Profile Management tab. To modify a
configuration profile, select the configuration profile from the Profile list and click Modify. Then
you will see the Management dialog box (shown in XFigure 3-3).
1. Edit the General tab
¾ Profile Name - Please enter the Profile name which identifies the configuration profile. This
name must be unique. Note that the profile names are not case-sensitive.
¾ Client Name - Please enter the Profile name which identifies the client machine.
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¾ Network Names (SSIDs) - Please enter the IEEE 802.11 wireless network name. This
field has a maximum limit of 32 characters.
Figure 3-3
2. Edit the Security tab
Select the Security tab in the screen above, and then you can edit the fields to configure the
profile. To define the security mode, select the radio button of the desired security mode as
follows.
Figure 3-4
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¾ WPA/WPA2: Wi-Fi Protected Access
¾ WPA/WPA2 Passphrase: Wi-Fi Protected Access Passphrase
¾ 802.1x: Enables 802.1x security.
¾ Pre-Shared Key (Static WEP): Enables the use of shared keys that are defined on both
the access point and the station. To define shared encryption keys, choose the Shared Key
radio button and click Configure to fill in the Define Shared Keys window (shown in Figure
3-5X).
¾ None: No security (not recommended).
) Note:
If the access point which the Adapter is associated has WEP set and the client has WEP enabled,
make sure that Allow Association to Mixed Cells is checked on the HSecurity tabH to allow
association. To complete WEP encryption configuration, you must select the 802.11
Authentication Mode as appropriate on the Advanced tab of this Profile Management dialog.
To configure the Encryption Keys under the Pre-Shared keys (Static WEP) Security mode:
Figure 3-5
) Note:
Select different Security Options, the configurations are different; you can select the appropriate
security option and configure the exact key as your need.
3. Edit the Advanced tab
This screen below allows you to make advanced configuration for the profile.
AK093 150Mbps Wireless Lite N USB Adapter
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Figure 3-6
¾ Power Save Mode - Please select the power save mode in the drop-down list.
• Maximum - Selects maximum mode to let the access point buffer incoming messages
for the Adapter. The Adapter will detect the access point if any messages are waiting
periodically.
• Normal - Normal mode uses maximum when retrieving a large number of packets,
then switches back to power save mode after retrieving the packets.
• Off - Turns power saving off, thus powering up the Wireless USB Adapter continuously
for a short message response time.
¾ Network Type - There are basically two modes of networking:
• Infrastructure - All wireless clients will connect to an access point or wireless router.
• Ad-Hoc - Directly connecting to another computer, for peer-to-peer communication,
using wireless network adapters on each computer, such as two or more AK093
wireless adapters.
) Note:
1) An Infrastructure network contains an Access Point or wireless router. All the wireless
devices or clients will connect to the wireless router or access point.
2) An Ad-Hoc network contains only clients, such as laptops with wireless desktop adapters. All
the adapters must be in Ad-Hoc mode to communicate.
¾ Wireless Mode - Specifies 2.4 GHz 150 Mbps, 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps or 2.4 GHz 11 Mbps
operation in an access point network. The Wireless adapter must match the wireless mode
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of the access point with which it associates.
¾ Wireless Mode when Starting an HAd HocH Network - Specifies 2.4 GHz 54/11 Mbps to
start an Ad Hoc network if no matching network name is found after scanning all available
modes. This mode also allows the selection of the channel that the Wireless Adapter uses.
The channels available depend on the regulatory domain. If the adapter finds no other ad
hoc adapters, the channel that the adapter starts the ad hoc network with will be selected
automatically. The Adapter must match the wireless mode and channel of the clients it
associates.In America,the Adapter can not use Channel 12 nor 13.
¾ 802.11 Authentication Mode - Select which mode the Adapter uses to authenticate to an
access point:
• Auto - Automatic causes the adapter to attempt authentication using shared, but
switches it to open authentication if shared fails.
• Open - Open System enables an adapter to attempt authentication regardless of its
WEP settings. It will only associate with the access point if the WEP keys on both the
adapter and the access point match.
• Shared - Shared-key only allows the adapter to associate with access points that have
the same WEP key.
For infrastructure (access point) networks, click Preferred APs… to specify four access points
at most to the client adapter that attempts to be associated to the access points. The four
access points have different priorities; the frontal has the higher priority.
Figure 3-7
3.1.2.2. Remove a profile
1. Go to the Profile Management tab (shown in XFigure 3-2X).
2. Select the profile name in the Profiles List.
3. Click Remove.
) Note:
The profile being used can’t be removed.
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3.1.2.3. Switch another Profile
1. Go to the Profile Management screen (shown in XFigure 3-2X).
2. Select the profile name required in the Profiles List.
3. Click Activate.
3.1.2.4. Export a Profile
1. From the Profile Management screen (shown in XFigure 3-2X), highlight the profile to export.
2. Click Export…, the Export Profile window will then appear below.
3. Browse the directory to export the profile to.
4. Click Save. The profile should then be exported to the specified location.
Figure 3-8
3.1.2.5. Import a Profile
1. From the Profile Management screen (shown in XFigure 3-2), click Import…. Then the
Import Profile will appear below.
2. Browse to the directory where the profile is located.
3. Highlight the profile name.
4. Click Open, the imported profile will then appear in the Profiles List.
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Figure 3-9
3.1.2.6. Scan Available Networks
1. Click Scan on the Profile Management screen (shown in XFigure 3-2X), the Available
Infrastructure and Ad Hoc Networks window will appear below.
2. Click Refresh to refresh the list at any time.
3. Highlight a network name and click Activate to connect to an available network. If no
configuration profile exists for that network, the Profile Management window will open the
General tab screen. Fill in the Profile name and click OK to create the configuration profile
for that network.
Figure 3-10
3.1.2.7. Auto Profile Selection Management
The auto selection feature allows the adapter to automatically select a profile from the list of
profiles and use it to connect to the network. To add a new profile into the Auto Selected
Profiles list, please follow these steps.
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1. On the Profile Management screen (shown in XFigure 3-2X), click Order Profiles….
2. The Auto Profiles Selection management window will appear (shown in Figure 3-11) with a
list of all created profiles in the Available Profiles.
Figure 3-11
3. Highlight the profiles to add to auto profile selection, and click Add. The profile will appear
in the Auto Selected Profiles box.
4. Highlight a profile in the Auto Selected Profiles box.
5. Click Move Up or Move Down as appropriate.
) Note:
The first profile in the Auto Selected Profiles box has highest priority, while the last profile has the
lowest priority.
6. Click OK.
7. Check the Auto Select Profiles checkbox on the Profile Management tab (shown
in XFigure 3-2).
) Note:
When auto profile selection is enabled by checking Auto Select Profiles on the Profile
Management tab, the client adapter will scan for an available network. The profile with the
highest priority and the same SSID as one of the found networks will be used to connect to the
network. If the connection fails, the client adapter will try the next highest priority profile that
matches the SSID until an available network is found.
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3.1.3 Diagnostics
The Diagnostics tab of the AR51 Wireless Lite-N Client Utility (AWCU) provides buttons used
to retrieve receiving and transmitting statistics. The Diagnostics tab does not require any
configuration.
The Diagnostics tab lists the following receiving and transmitting diagnostics for frames
received or transmitted by the wireless network adapter:
¾ Multicast frames transmitted and received
¾ Broadcast frames transmitted and received
¾ Unicast frames transmitted and received
¾ Total bytes transmitted and received
Figure 3-12
3.1.3.1. Check Driver Information
Click the Adapter Information button in the screen above, you will see the adapter information,
including general information about the wireless network adapter and the Network Driver
Interface Specification (NDIS) driver. Access the adapter information from the Diagnostics tab.
¾ Card Name - The name of the wireless network adapter.
¾ MAC Address - The MAC address of the wireless network adapter.
¾ Driver - The driver name and path of the wireless network adapter driver.
¾ Driver Version - The version of the wireless network adapter driver.
¾ Driver Date - The creation date of the wireless network adapter driver.
¾ Client Name - The name of the client computer.
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3.1.3.2. Check Receive and Transmit Statistical Information
The Advanced Statistics show receiving and transmitting statistical information about the
following receiving and transmitting diagnostics for frames received by or transmitted to the
wireless network adapter.
Figure 3-13
3.2 For Windows Vista
AR51 Wireless Lite-N Client Utility (AWCU) is not available for Windows Vista. So after the
Adapter's driver has been installed, we have to use Windows WLAN Autoconfig to establish a
connection. Please follow the steps below.
1. Right-click the icon at the bottom of your screen in your system tray and then select
“Connect to a network”.
Figure 3-14
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2. This page will then display and you will see the available wireless network list. Select the
SSID of your Access Point, take PROWARE for example. Click Connect.
Figure 3-15 Select A Network
3. Enter the passphrase, take 1234567890 for example. And then click Connect.
Figure 3-16 Enter Passphrase
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4. If the key entered is correct, you will successfully connect to the network.
Figure 3-17 Connecting
5. Click Close to finish.
Figure 3-18 successfully Connected
3.3 For Windows 7
AR51 Wireless Lite-N Client Utility (AWCU) is not available for Windows 7. So after the
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Adapter's driver has been installed, we have to use Windows WLAN Autoconfig to establish a
connection. Please follow the steps below.
1. Right-click the icon at the bottom of your screen in your system tray and then you will
see the available wireless network list. Select the SSID of your Access Point, take
PROWARE for example. Click Connect.
Figure 3-19 Select A Network
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2. If your wireless network is secured, you will be required to enter the security key as shown
in Figure 3-20. Enter the passphrase, take 1234567890 for example. And then click OK.
Figure 3-20 Enter Passphrase
3. If the key entered is correct, you will successfully connect to the network as shown in
Figure 3-21.
Figure 3-21 Connecting
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Appendix A: Specifications
Normal
Interface USB 2.0 Interface
Standards IEEE802.11g; IEEE802.11b;
Operating System Windows 2000/Windows XP/Windows Vista/Windows 7
Radio Data Rate 11b：1/2/5.5/11Mbps
11g：6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54Mbps
Modulation 11b:CCK,QPSK,BPSK;
11g:OFDM;
Media Access Protocol CSMA/CA with ACK
Data Security WPA/WPA2; 64/128-bit WEP; TKIP/AES
Frequency 2.4 ~ 2.4835GHz
Spread Spectrum Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
Safety & Emissions FCC, CE
Environmental and Physical
Operating Temp. 0℃~40℃ (32 ~104℉℉)
Storage Temp. -40℃– 70 (℃-40℉~158℉)
Working Humidity 10% - 90% RH, Non-condensing
Storage Humidity 5% - 90% RH, Non-condensing
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Appendix B: Glossary
¾ 802.11b - The 802.11b standard specifies a wireless product networking at 11 Mbps using
direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and operating in the unlicensed radio
spectrum at 2.4GHz, and WEP encryption for security. 802.11b networks are also referred to
as Wi-Fi networks.
¾ 802.11g - specification for wireless networking at 54 Mbps using direct-sequence
spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology, using OFDM modulation and operating in the
unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.4GHz, and backward compatibility with IEEE 802.11b devices,
and WEP encryption for security.
¾ Ad-hoc Network - An ad-hoc network is a group of computers, each with a Wireless Adapter,
connected as an independent 802.11 wireless LAN. Ad-hoc wireless computers operate on a
peer-to-peer basis, communicating directly with each other without the use of an access point.
Ad-hoc mode is also referred to as an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) or as
peer-to-peer mode, and is useful at a departmental scale or SOHO operation.
¾ DSSS - (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum) - DSSS generates a redundant bit pattern for all
data transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). Even if one or more bits
in the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded in the receiver
can recover the original data without the need of retransmission. To an unintended receiver,
DSSS appears as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband
receivers. However, to an intended receiver (i.e. another wireless LAN endpoint), the DSSS
signal is recognized as the only valid signal, and interference is inherently rejected (ignored).
¾ FHSS - (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) - FHSS continuously changes (hops) the
carrier frequency of a conventional carrier several times per second according to a
pseudo-random set of channels. Because a fixed frequency is not used, and only the
transmitter and receiver know the hop patterns, interception of FHSS is extremely difficult.
¾ Infrastructure Network - An infrastructure network is a group of computers or other devices,
each with a Wireless Adapter, connected as an 802.11 wireless LAN. In infrastructure mode,
the wireless devices communicate with each other and to a wired network by first going
through an access point. An infrastructure wireless network connected to a wired network is
referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS). A set of two or more BSS in a single network is
referred to as an Extended Service Set (ESS). Infrastructure mode is useful at a corporation
scale, or when it is necessary to connect the wired and wireless networks.
¾ Spread Spectrum - Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique
developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-critical communications systems.
It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for reliability, integrity, and security. In other
words, more bandwidth is consumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the
trade off produces a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the
receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is
not tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background noise.
There are two main alternatives, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency
Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).
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¾ SSID - A Service Set Identification is a thirty-two character (maximum) alphanumeric key
identifying a wireless local area network. For the wireless devices in a network to
communicate with each other, all devices must be configured with the same SSID. This is
typically the configuration parameter for a wireless PC card. It corresponds to the ESSID in
the wireless Access Point and to the wireless network name. See also Wireless Network
Name and ESSID.
¾ WEP - (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A data privacy mechanism based on a 64-bit or 128-bit or
152-bit shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11 standard. To gain access to a
WEP network, you must know the key. The key is a string of characters that you create.
When using WEP, you must determine the level of encryption. The type of encryption
determines the key length. 128-bit encryption requires a longer key than 64-bit encryption.
Keys are defined by entering in a string in HEX (hexadecimal - using characters 0-9, A-F) or
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange – alphanumeric characters)
format. ASCII format is provided so you can enter a string that is easier to remember. The
ASCII string is converted to HEX for use over the network. Four keys can be defined so that
you can change keys easily.
¾ Wi-Fi - A trade name for the 802.11b wireless networking standard, given by the Wireless
Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA, see http://www.wi-fi.net), an industry standards
group promoting interoperability among 802.11b devices.
¾ WLAN - (Wireless Local Area Network) - A group of computers and associated devices
communicate with each other wirelessly, which network serving users are limited in a local
area.
¾ WPA - (Wi-Fi Protected Access) - A wireless security protocol uses TKIP (Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol) encryption, which can be used in conjunction with a RADIUS server.