Orolia M-2 McMurdo Automatic Identification System User Manual Installation Manual

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1. Installation Manual
2. Operation Manual

Installation Manual

M-2 AIS Transponder System

35-060-001

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Contents

1 PREFACE.................................................................................................................................. 1

2 INSTALLING THE AIS TRANSPONDER SYSTEM SAFELY........................................................ 2

3 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 5

3.1 ABOUT THIS MANUAL.............................................................................................................. 5

4 AIS TRANSPONDER SYSTEM................................................................................................... 7

4.1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ....................................................................................................... 7

4.2 INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES ................................................................................................... 7

4.3 AIS BUILDING BLOCKS ............................................................................................................ 7

5 MECHANICAL MOUNTING OPTIONS AND GUIDELINES..........................................................10

5.1 LOCATION ...........................................................................................................................10

5.2 AIS TRANSPONDER UNIT .......................................................................................................10

5.2.1 Transponder main dimensions .....................................................................................10

5.3 AIS DISPLAY .......................................................................................................................13

5.3.1 AIS Display trunnion assembly.....................................................................................13

5.3.2 AIS Display flush mount assembly ...............................................................................14

5.4 ANTENNA UNITS ...................................................................................................................15

5.4.1 Antenna mounting position ..........................................................................................15

5.4.2 VHF antenna..............................................................................................................15

5.4.3 GNSS antenna ...........................................................................................................15

5.4.4 Weld on plate mounting of the GNSS antenna..............................................................16

5.4.5 Cable Preparation.......................................................................................................17

6 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS ..................................................................................................19

6.1 GROUND CONNECTION..........................................................................................................19

6.2 SIGNAL CABLE CONNECTIONS FOR AIS TRANSPONDER...............................................................19

6.3 VHF AND GNSS (GPS) ANTENNA CABLE CONNECTIONS ............................................................20

6.3.1 VHF antenna..............................................................................................................21

6.3.2 GNSS (GPS) antenna .................................................................................................21

6.4 CONNECTION TERMINALS.......................................................................................................22

6.4.1 Fuse values ................................................................................................................22

6.4.2 Signal line termination .................................................................................................22

6.4.3 Method of connecting screens at the transponder .........................................................23

6.4.4 Test and program connections.....................................................................................24

6.4.5 Power supply..............................................................................................................24

6.4.6 DISP port – Display.....................................................................................................25

6.4.7 SEN 1, 2, 3, 4 ports - Sensors......................................................................................25

6.4.8 SEN Ports necessary sentences:.................................................................................26

6.4.9 Main and AUX high speed input/output ports ................................................................26

6.4.10 MAIN port ...................................................................................................................27

6.4.11 AUX/Pilot port .............................................................................................................27

6.4.12 Pilot Plug connection...................................................................................................27

6.4.13 Long Range Port.........................................................................................................27

6.4.14 RTCM port, Differential GNSS correction input/output port.............................................27

6.4.15 Alarm relay .................................................................................................................27

6.5 COMPLETION OF INSTALLATION...............................................................................................28

7 SPECIFICATION.......................................................................................................................29

7.1 TECHNICAL INFORMATION......................................................................................................30

7.1.1 RS-422 interfaces .......................................................................................................30

7.1.2 Termination ................................................................................................................30

7.1.3 Output drive capability.................................................................................................30

7.1.4 Input loading...............................................................................................................30

7.1.5 Isolation .....................................................................................................................30

7.2 RTCM BINARY MESSAGES .....................................................................................................30

7.3 NMEA SENTENCES USED ......................................................................................................30

7.4 MESSAGE STRUCTURES ........................................................................................................32

7.4.1 ABK - AIS addressed and binary broadcast acknowledgement ......................................32

7.4.2 ABM – AIS addressed binary and safety related message.............................................32

7.4.3 ACA – AIS channel assignment message.....................................................................32

7.4.4 ACK – Acknowledge alarm..........................................................................................32

7.4.5 ACS - AIS channel management information source.....................................................33

7.4.6 AIR – AIS interrogation request ...................................................................................33

7.4.7 ALR – Alarm condition and status ................................................................................33

7.4.8 BBM - AIS broadcast binary message ..........................................................................33

7.4.9 DTM – Datum reference..............................................................................................34

7.4.10 GBS – GNS satellite fault detection..............................................................................34

7.4.11 GGA – Global positioning system (GPS) fix data...........................................................34

7.4.12 GLL – geographic position...........................................................................................35

7.4.13 GNS – GNSS fix data..................................................................................................35

7.4.14 HDT – heading true.....................................................................................................35

7.4.15 LR1 - AIS long-range reply 1 .......................................................................................35

7.4.16 LR2 - AIS long-range reply 2 .......................................................................................36

7.4.17 LR3 - AIS long-range reply 3 .......................................................................................36

7.4.18 LRF - AIS long-range function......................................................................................36

7.4.19 LRI - AIS long-range interrogation................................................................................37

7.4.20 RMC – recommended minimum specific GNSS data.....................................................37

7.4.21 ROT – rate of turn.......................................................................................................37

7.4.22 TXT – text transmission...............................................................................................37

7.4.23 VBW – Dual ground/water speed .................................................................................38

7.4.24 VDM – VHF data link message....................................................................................38

7.4.25 VDO - AIS VHF Data-link own-vessel report .................................................................38

7.4.26 VSD – AIS voyage static data......................................................................................39

7.4.27 VTG – course over ground and ground speed...............................................................39

7.4.28 VSD – AIS voyage static data......................................................................................39

7.5 GENERAL FAULTS & ERROR MESSAGES ....................................................................................39

8 SERIAL INTERFACE COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS..........................................................41

8.1 SENSOR DATA INTERFACE .....................................................................................................41

8.2 MAIN AND AUX PORT RECEPTION AND TRANSMISSION OF AIS DATA .............................................41

9 WARRANTY REGISTRATION & ACCEPTANCE RECORD........................................................43

10 PRE-INSTALLATION INSPECTION RECORD........................................................................45

11 GLOSSARY..........................................................................................................................49

12 COMMISSIONING GUIDE .....................................................................................................51

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 1

1 Preface

Applicability of this manual

This manual describes the installation of equipment to hardware build standard 02.02.

In accordance with McMurdo's policy of continual development and product improvement, hardware may

be upgraded from time to time and future versions may therefore not correspond exactly with this manual.

When necessary, upgrades will be accompanied by updates or addenda to this manual.

IMPORTANT: Please take time to read this manual carefully and to understand its contents fully, so that

you can install your AIS system correctly.

Once installed please read the Operation Manual fully to make sure you understand how to use your new

AIS.

Disclaimer

Information contained in this manual is supplied in good faith, but is liable to change without notice.

McMurdo Limited disclaims any liability for consequences arising from omissions or inaccuracies in the

manuals and documentation provided with this product.

 2004 McMurdo Ltd.

2 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

2 Installing the AIS Transponder System Safely

Installation

WARNING: Do not connect the AIS transponder system to a mains (line) AC electrical

supply, as an electric shock or fire hazard could result.

CAUTION: Do not connect the Transponder to a DC supply exceeding 32 V or reverse the

supply polarity. Damage to the transceiver may result.

CAUTION: Do not bypass the built in fuse

CAUTION: The Transponder system is designed for operation in the temperature range

-15 °C to +55 °C. Do not install (or use) the transponder system in environments which exceed

this range.

CAUTION: The AIS Transponder is not water-resistant. Consequently, the Transponder must

be installed in a dry place and must be protected from direct contact with water.

WARNING: Do not install the Transponder system in a position where;

a) the controls of your vessel may be obstructed.

b) it may obstruct your normal movement around your vessel.

c) it may cause bodily injury.

d) it cannot be easily accessed in an emergency.

Use

WARNING: Certain parts of the Transponder chassis, notably the rear panel, can become

hot, particularly if the ambient temperature is high. Avoid touching these areas when the

Transponder is operating.

WARNING: Do not remove the cover of the Transponder before the power is switched off.

Do not touch the antenna connections when the Transponder is operating and do not touch the

antenna whip (mast) or connecting cable when the Transponder is in operation, for RF

exposure and electrical safety reasons. Refer to Radio Frequency Exposure Warning.

WARNING: Unauthorised opening of the Transponder system will invalidate the warranty.

Maintenance

CAUTION: Avoid using chemical solvents to clean the Transponder system as some

solvents can damage the case material.

NOTE: Apart from the fuse located beside the connectors, the Transponder system contains no

user serviceable parts. Contact your Service Agent for repair if replacing the fuse fails to make

the equipment servicable.

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 3

Radio Frequency Exposure Warning

To meet the current requirements for Radio Frequency Exposure it is necessary to install the

antenna mast correctly and operate the equipment according to the instructions.

The assumptions used in this assessment are: full transmit power is used, a good antenna is

used (assumed to be a unity gain (0 dB) wideband omni-directional type).

Where no suitable structure exists to achieve a 3 metre vertical separation then the antenna

base must be mounted at least 1 metre above the head of any person within range and all

persons must stay outside the 3-metre safety radius.

Failure to adhere to these limits could expose persons within the 3 metre radius to RF radiation

in excess of the MPE / SAR limits.

WARNING: The antenna mast must be mounted at a minimum distance (vertical separation)

of 3 metres from the head of any person standing on deck to meet international safety directives

on Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) / Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).

WARNING: Do not transmit when persons are closer than 3 metres to the antenna. If any

person (e.g. the operator) must be closer, then a grounded RF shield should be interposed

between that person and the antenna.

Rules of Operation

Licensing

IMPORTANT: In most countries the operation of the AIS Transponder is a part of the radio

regulations and therefore the ship must possess a current VHF radio telephone licence which

lists the AIS system, and the equipment must be registered (Call Sign and MMSI number).

Please contact the relevant authority in your country for more information.

Refer to the AIS Transponder Operation Manual for the full operating procedure.

Good Practice

The installer is expected to be familiar with IMO SN/Circ.227 Guidelines for the Installation of a

Shipborne Automatic Identification System, and to comply with these recommendations. The

document contains detailed information which supplements the instructions in this manual.

Compass Safe Distances

Display 0.7 m for 1° deviation; 1.2 m for 0.3° deviation

Transponder: 1.3 m for 1° deviation; 2.1 m for 0.3° deviation

4 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

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AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 5

3 Introduction

It is recommended that the vessel should be surveyed prior to commencing any installation

work to determine the suitability of the existing on-board sensors. Section 8 of this Manual

contains a ‘Pre-Installation Inspection’ form to assist this process.

Installation of the AIS Transponder has been designed to be as easy as possible and requires

few tools. However as the AIS equipment forms a vital part of the ship’s navigational equipment

the installation must be performed with great care and with attention to detail.

The AIS is considered part of the ship’s radio station and is surveyed together with the radio

installation. Surveys on Convention ships should be carried out in accordance with the rules laid

down in IMO Res. A 746(18) Survey Guidelines under the harmonised system of survey and

certification and Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at

Sea 1974

For the AIS installation, it is likely that the following drawings will be required for the survey:

• Antenna layout for the VHF and the GNSS antenna installation

• AIS Arrangement drawing

• Block diagram showing the interconnection to other units

To assist in the preparation of this information, a Pre-installation Inspection Record is included

in this manual at section 10. Completion of this Record will provide much of the required

information.

It is also necessary to complete an installation report, which shall be kept on board.

3.1 About this manual

This manual provides step-by-step guidance through the installation of the AIS Transponder

system. Please read the manual carefully and make sure to follow the instructions.

In this manual only the installation of the AIS stand-alone configuration will be described. If the

AIS unit is to be connected to other display devices, refer to the manual for that display.

However the setup must always be performed with the supplied Display unit.. Other display

units will be additional to the IMO required installation.

The procedures required for installation can be summarised:

1. Obtain a copy of the AIS Pre-installation Inspection form; check that it is filled in with all the

data necessary for the installation. If the form has not been filled in, it is advisable to do it at

this stage, as this is a good way to make sure that all information is available for the

installation.

2. The available AIS Transponder system building blocks are listed in section 4.3. Before

starting the installation ensure that everything needed for the installation is to hand.

3. Locate the places to install the different units. The templates and the drilling instructions are

provided in this manual.

4. Connect the units and the sensors as shown in this manual.

5. DO NOT POWER UP THE SYSTEM AT THIS STAGE. It is most important to read the

Operation Manual, which contains the detailed commissioning information, before power is

applied.

6. Once the operating procedures are understood, the system may be powered up and the

permanent parameters may be set. A guide listing the steps in this procedure is provided as

Section 12 of this manual.

The Warranty Registration & Acceptance Record, Section 9 at the rear of this manual, must be

completed and signed when the system has been commissioned and accepted.

6 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

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AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 7

4 AIS Transponder System

4.1 System Configuration

The M-2 may be installed as stand-alone AIS equipment or integrated with Electronic Charting

Systems (ECS) or Integrated Bridge Systems (IBS).

Stand-Alone System The AIS transponder with Display unit is interfaced to the vessel's

primary navigation sensors. The Display is used as both the AIS display unit and AIS control

unit.

Electronic Chart System (ECS) with AIS In this arrangement the stand-alone AIS installation

and ECS display have been integrated. The Display is used mainly to input own ship's

information with the ECS having the ability to display AIS target information. This arrangement

greatly enhances the presentation of information by displaying AIS targets in an environment

normally used for navigation of the vessel.

Integrated Bridge System has the ability to display AIS target information directly on an

Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA ) or Electronic Chart Display and Information System

(ECDIS). By combining these technologies the navigator is provided with the optimum

navigational information, directly on the vessel’s primary navigation display. Where approved for

this purpose the ARPA or ECDIS equipment maybe used to directly control the function of the

AIS transponder.

4.2 Installation accessories

An optional AIS installation cable kit contains all the basic installation materials and cables that

are typically needed to ready a vessel for installation of the AIS equipment.

Other accessories include a VHF antenna and a range of antenna bracket options, an AC/DC

power supply unit, a Gyro Interface Unit (Stepper/Synchro gyro input - RS422 output) and a

remote IMO Pilot Plug kit. (The Pilot Plug may be supplied with the system, depending on the

configuration ordered.)

4.3 AIS building blocks

M-2 Class A AIS system, comprising: Part 35-001-001A

- AIS transponder unit

- Display unit

- GNSS antenna

- Connector kit

- Operator and installation manuals

M-2 Class A AIS system, comprising: Part 35-001-002A

- AIS transponder unit

- Display unit

- GNSS antenna

- Connector kit

- Operator and installation manuals

- Pilot plug kit (-002 version)

8 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

Packaging

M-2 Master Carton

Contains:-

1 x M-2 Transponder

2 x PL259 Plug for VHF Antenna

2 x TNC Plug for GNSS Antenna

4 x M6 x 40 mm Machine Screws for Bulkhead Mounting

1 x Display interconnect cable 5 m

1 x Set of screw terminal connectors (bagged)

1 x Installation Manual

1 x M-2 Display unit

1 x Trunion Mounting Bracket

1 x Flush Mounting Frame

4 x No.10 x 25 mm Self-Tapping Screws for mounting Trunnion Bracket

1 x Seal for Flush Mounting Frame

1 x Operation Manual

1 x GPS Antenna

1 x Stub mounting pole

2 x ‘U’ Bolts

1 x Back Plate

1 x Pilot Plug kit (-002 version) if part of system

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 9

Optional Extras:

Part Description

89-020-001 AIS VHF antenna, 1.2 mtr 0 db Gain

903-01 Antenna bracket -stand off mast

903-02 Antenna bracket -stand off mast / Bulkhead

903-04 Antenna deck mount fitting

89-081-001 Pilot Plug kit to AIS Transponder, 25 m cable

89-081-002 Pilot Plug kit to Display, 5 m cable with D plug

89-028 Gyro Interface Unit - Stepper / Synchro input - RS422 output

89-029 AIS Power supply unit AC+DC input - 24 V DC output

89-038 AIS Installation cable Kit (standard);

20 mtrs x 2 mm 2-Core Flex Power Cable

30 mtrs x RG214 VHF Coax Antenna Cable

30 mtrs x RG58 GPS Coax Antenna Cable

60 mtrs x 0.5 mm 4-Twisted Pair + Drain Signal Cable

200 x Cable Ties

20 x Cable Markers

2 x Self Amalgamating Tape

2 x PL259 connector

2 x TNC connector

10 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

5 Mechanical mounting options and guidelines

5.1 Location

The transponder unit is classed as protected equipment and thus should be located inside in a

dry environment. Normally the transponder is located in the Radio Room. The transponder

compass safe distance is 2.1 m.

The recommended location should provide:

A dry environment

Access to connections (eg antennas, power, sensors)

Minimal shock and vibration

An ambient temperature between -15 °C and +55 °C

A site clear of exhausts and vents

Sufficient space to allow maintenance

The transponder does not require external illumination during operation. Naturally, some form of

illumination should be provided while installing or maintaining the transponder.

The Display should be available to the mariner at the position from which the ship is normally

operated. The Display compass safe distance is 0.7 m. The Display does not require external

illumination during operation, as it has an internal backlight; the use of illuminated keys ensures

that all controls are visible.

The Pilot Plug should be installed on the bridge near the pilot’s operating position. It is

recommended that a suitable mains outlet (3-pin 120 V AC) should be available at this location.

Special siting considerations apply to antennas. These principles are outlined in section 5.4; for

detailed advice, see the IMO Guidelines.

5.2 AIS Transponder unit

The transponder mounting plate is attached by four M6 screws. Keyhole slots in the plate allow

two screws to be inserted in the mounting surface, then the plate to be mounted on the screws

and to be self-supporting while the remaining screws are inserted and all screws are tightened.

The transponder chassis is then attached to the plate using four screws, as shown overleaf. The

transponder may be mounted at any angle.

It is recommended to leave at least 300 mm free space around the terminals to allow for

connection cables.

5.2.1 Transponder main dimensions

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 11

Exploded view of M-2 transceiver showing cover, detachable terminal blocks and mounting plate

12 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

Transponder mounting plate drilling diagram and recommended clearances ( mm)

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 13

5.3 AIS Display

5.3.1 AIS Display trunnion assembly

The Display can be either trunnion mounted or flush mounted.

Hole size to fit #10 screw: 3.5mm

Drilling drawing

(mm)

Select hole size to suit method of

fixing mountings – clear or

tapped holes.

Mounted dimensions:

Height: 150 mm

Width: 270 mm

Depth: 120 mm

(over connectors)

Connectors: Display port Pilot Plug Test port

14 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

5.3.2 AIS Display flush mount assembly

NOTE: The Pilot Plug is intended to be connected to the Display, although an alternative

connection is available on the transponder. The cabling arrangements should take this into

consideration when flush mounting the Display.

A cutting template is supplied with the flush mounting kit. This template carries full fitting

instructions.

FRONT

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 15

5.4 Antenna units

The AIS Transponder has to be connected to two antennas: a VHF antenna and a GNSS

antenna. The GNSS (GPS) antenna is supplied as standard.

5.4.1 Antenna mounting position

In accordance with IMO guidelines, antennas should be mounted in positions which, as far as

possible, minimise interaction between them. The sketch summarises the recommendations:

5.4.2 VHF antenna

The VHF antenna is an important part of the receiver and transmitter system; the reception

range is heavily dependent on the antenna installation. The VHF antenna must be installed as

high as possible and free of shadow effects from the ship superstructure; effective installation

will maximise the range of the system. The antenna must also be mounted so as to achieve the

safety standards detailed in Section 2.

WARNING: The antenna must have sufficient bandwidth to suit the AIS system, as otherwise

the high VSWR produced may cause the transponder to shut down. It is recommended to use

an omni-directional vertical polarised VHF antenna with unity gain (0 dB), and a bandwidth

sufficient to maintain VSWR <1.5 over the frequency range 156 – 163 MHz. A suitable antenna

is available from McMurdo as an option, part number 89-020-001.

5.4.3 GNSS antenna

The Transponder package contains a GNSS antenna and a mounting bracket. The mounting

bracket is designed for welding to the ship’s superstructure.

Installation of the GNSS antenna is critical for the performance of the GNSS, which is used for

timing of the transmitted time slots and for the supply of navigational information should the

main navigational GNSS fail. We strongly recommend that the supplied antenna is used.

1. The GNSS antenna must be mounted in an elevated position and free of shadow effect

from the ship’s superstructure

Vertical

separation

GNSS antenna

alternative

position

180°

Horizontal

separation

10 m

Vertical

Separation

2 m

360°

GNSS antenna

preferred

position

16 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

2. The GNSS antenna must have a free view through 360 degrees with a vertical angle of 5

to 90 degrees above the horizon.

3. As the received GNSS signal is very sensitive to noise and interference generated by

other onboard transmitters, ensure that the GNSS antenna is placed as far away as

possible from Radar, Inmarsat and Iridium transmitters. Ensure the GNSS antenna is free

from direct view of the Radar and the Inmarsat beam. It is also important that the MF/HF

and other VHF transmitter antennas are kept as far away as possible from the GNSS

antenna. It is good practice never to install a GNSS antenna within a radius of 5 meters

from these antennas.

WARNING: Screw the rod into the GNSS antenna by turning the rod. Do not turn the GNSS

antenna as this will twist the cable and damage the connection.

5.4.4 Weld on plate mounting of the GNSS antenna

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 17

5.4.5 Cable Preparation

Ensure grommet is fitted before connector

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AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 19

6 Electrical connections

This installation guide takes into account the IMO “Guidelines for installation of Shipborne

Automatic Identification System”. However both the IMO publication and these instructions must

be taken as guidance only; individual circumstances must take precedence.

This guide is concerned only with the installation of the AIS transponder unit and does not cover

the installation of any peripheral equipment connected to the transponder. For proper

installation and connection of peripheral equipment to the transponder refer to the installation

manuals for these products.

Connection Must connect Optional

24.0 VDC power supply* Yes

GNSS antenna Yes

VHF antenna Yes

Display system Yes

Position (external GNSS) Yes

Heading (vessel gyro) Yes

Pilot plug See Note 1 See Note 1

Alarm Relay Yes

ECDIS (Main port) Yes

ARPA (Main port) Yes

Long range function Yes

RTCM, differential GNSS info. Yes

Rate of turn Yes

Speed and Course Yes

*WARNING: Ensure supply is compatible with voltage and current requirements.

Note 1: depends on IMO recommendations and local legislation.

6.1 Ground Connection

The earth stud on the transponder backplate must be connected to ship’s ground. The

recommended connector wire is 4 mm2, green/yellow colour.

6.2 Signal cable connections for AIS Transponder

As shown in the table above, the AIS Transponder must be or may be connected to different

types of peripheral units; these can be divided in three groups:

• Coax connection to the antennas

• signal cable connection to the sensors (GNSS, Gyro, Log)

• signal cable connections to the five-input/output ports (Main, AUX/Pilot, long-range,

RTCM, Display)

Connecting the three types of interfaces is described in detail in the following sections.

The signal connections are all connected via a serial RS422 type interface; data rates are

normally 4800 or 38400 baud.

In some cases, particularly in retrofit installations, it may not be possible to connect the AIS

directly to the required sensor, because some sensors do not provide the IEC 61162-2 (NMEA)

sentences required by the AIS unit. In such cases a protocol converter is required between the

sensor and the AIS unit. Converters are available from different manufacturers, either as direct

protocol converters or frequently as repeater instruments for the sensor. A Gyro Interface Unit,

P/N 89-028, is available from McMurdo as an optional extra.

20 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

6.3 VHF and GNSS (GPS) antenna cable connections

The VHF and the GNSS antenna cables are connected directly to the transponder through a

UHF and a TNC plug respectively.

The coax cable plugs must be attached directly to the cables; the outer insulation must not be

connected in the cable cleat but in the coax plug as illustrated below.

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 21

6.3.1 VHF antenna

To make sure that the transmitted and received VHF signal is not interfering with Radar signals,

other VHF transmission or power lines it is important that the connection between the VHF

antenna and the transponder is of a high quality double shielded coax cable. It is recommended

to use a RG214 cable and PL259 connector.

If the cable has to be longer than 40 metres, it is recommended to use a cable with lower loss; a

40 metre RG214 coax cable has a signal attenuation of 3 dB at 150 MHz, thus the signal

strength is reduced to half its value due to cable attenuation.

Detailed instructions for fitting the connector are provided with the installation kit. The illustration

shows the preparation of the cable and the components of the connector.

6.3.2 GNSS (GPS) antenna

The GNSS operates in the ultra high frequency band (1.575 GHz). The signal attenuation in

cables is therefore substantial and has to be taken into account when the coax cable between

the antenna and the AIS unit is chosen. To compensate for signal attenuation the supplied

GPS antenna includes a pre-amplifier with a gain of 30 dB.

The cable attenuation should not be greater than 30 dB for optimum results, because the aim is

to have a total signal loss of less than 0 dB. The table shows the attenuation and the

recommended maximum length of two types of coax cable.

Cable description Attenuation / 100 metres

@ 1.5 GHz Recommended

maximum cable length

RG 58 70 dB 40 metres

RG 214 37 dB 80 metres

Connectors used must be TNC throughout.

Detailed instructions for fitting the connector are provided with the installation kit. The illustration

shows the preparation of the cable.

Connector

body

“Top hat”

Plastic sleeve

Gland nut

22 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

6.4 Connection terminals

The AIS Transponder has detachable terminal blocks for connection of cables. Dedicated

connections are provided for power sources, sensors, the Display and other interfaces.

Refer to the wiring diagram, attached as an appendix, for details of connections to the terminal

blocks.

6.4.1 Fuse values

The main system fuse (3.15 Amp) is located beside the connectors on the transponder chassis.

Fuse description Fuse value Part No.

Main system fuse 3.15 Amp 99-084

6.4.2 Signal line termination

RS422 signal lines may need termination by resistors, depending on the length of connecting

cable and the rate of data transmission. Suitable resistors are incorporated in the transponder

listeners and can be switched in by wire links in the corresponding screw terminal blocks – see

subsequent tables and section 6.4.4 for details. The talkers in the transponder have inbuilt

termination resistors.

Whether termination at the transponder is required depends on many factors, including how the

other units are connected and whether any of these other units provides termination for the

signal line. The following sketch shows the principle:

Note: For clarity, the sketch shows the devices connected to the twisted pair by spurs; in practice, the twisted pair is

looped through each device in turn.

There is only one talker per twisted pair; there can be several listeners. The intention is that

terminations must be provided by the devices at the ends of the line, regardless of whether they

are listeners or the talker, and that no other device should provide a termination.

A terminal is provided for the common connection at each port on the transponder; note that this

is NOT a ground connection.

It is good practice to use screened cables in all ship cable installations. Take care to connect

the cable screen to ship’s ground at one end only of the cable, as connecting at both ends may

cause ground loops and interference to the signals. The correct method of connecting the cable

screen to ground is at the talker only, as shown in the diagram above.

ListenerListener

Talker

Termination resistor

at end of line

Screen connected to ground

at talker ONLY

Twisted pair, with common and screen

Common Listener

Termination resistor

at end of line

Listener

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 23

In the transponder unit the screen from some cable entries should be connected to ground at

the transponder, as shown in the table. The technique of connecting the screen is illustrated

below.

Function Lines terminated by resistor Connect screen

at transponder

Display Display (VDU) port YES

LONG RANGE Long Range port PREFERRED

AUX / PILOT Auxiliary or Pilot port PREFERRED

MAIN Main port PREFERRED

RTCM RTCM port for differential correction PREFERRED

SEN 1 Sensor 1 port NO

SEN 2 Sensor 2 port NO

SEN 3 Sensor 3 port NO

SEN 4 Sensor 4 port NO

PREFERRED means that the screen may be connected either at the remote device or at the

transponder; if no other considerations apply, connection at the transponder is recommended.

6.4.3 Method of connecting screens at the transponder

If the screen is not to be connected at the transponder, secure the cleat over the outer cable

insulation.

24 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

6.4.4 Test and program connections

The connectors are 5mm pitch female screw terminal conectors. Manufacturer’s numbers are

given for the Hitaltech models, but any equivalent may be used.

Connectors used:

8 way 1 off CIF08001

7 way 4 off CIF07001

4 way 4 off CIF04001

3 way 1 off CIF03001

2 way RED 1 off CIF02001OR

6.4.5 Power supply

Connect to the ship’s 24 V DC emergency power source, which ideally should be an

uninterrupted power supply (UPS), through a 2-pole switched fused supply to allow isolation for

servicing. The power requirements are 24 V DC +30% -10%, 2.5 A minimum.

Standby power requirement 15 W; 0.6 Amp at 24 V DC

Peak power requirement 50 W; 2.0 Amp at 24 V DC

Required conductor area as a function of cable length

Power cable length Required conductor area

0 – 10 metres 0.75 mm2

10 – 20 metres 1.5 mm2

20 – 30 metres 2.5 mm2

30 – 40 metres 3.0 mm2

Isolation between the power supply connections and any other connection to the transponder is

1 kV minimum.

The DC power source should comply with IMO guidelines for the class of vessel concerned.

National authorities and classification societies may have their own power supply requirements;

these should also be considered.

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 25

Power Supply Unit (optional)

An AC/DC + DC emergency backup power supply, P/N 89-029, is available as an option. Follow

the installation instructions supplied with the equipment.

6.4.6 DISP port – Display

The DISP port connects the Display unit with the Transponder. The display connection cable is

supplied ready for use, and needs only to be plugged into the appropriate ports on the

transponder and the Display.

For installations where the Display cable needs to be extended, the connections are given

below.

Display cable:

Four twisted pairs, screened, PVC sheathed. For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2

(7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent.

The connection between the transponder connector block and the Display unit is given below,

Connection is to the 15-pin socket on the Display.

Function Terminal Display pin

Common 1 2

Rx A 2 6

Rx B 3 1

Tx A 5 12

Tx B 6 13

Termination 4 (link to 3) 8

+ Power out 7 3

- Power out 8 4

The twisted pairs are assigned as (Rx A/B), (Tx A/B),

(common pair) and (power pair)

6.4.7 SEN 1, 2, 3, 4 ports - Sensors

Sensor input ports can be configured to receive serial data from the Gyro (or Gyro Converter),

the external GNSS used for navigation and from the LOG. Each of the four sensor (SEN1,

SEN2, SEN3 and SEN4) ports can be used to receive information from one of these sensors.

Alternatively, all sensor information can be received at any one of the sensor ports provided that

the information is first multiplexed.

The sensor ports require configuration before use; this is outlined in the Commissioning Guide,

section 12, and described in detail in the Operation Manual.

The AIS must be connected to:

• The GNSS unit used for navigation

• The gyrocompass providing heading information

If available the following information can be connected to the AIS:

• Rate-Of-Turn (ROT)

• Speed over ground from bottom-referenced log

Sensor wire connection

The twisted pair shall be assigned as RxA and RxB

26 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

Recommended cable for connection of Sensors:

Single twisted pair, shielded, PVC sheathed.

(Note: The recommended sensor cable, as supplied in the optional Installation Kit 89-038,

has four twisted pairs. Only one pair should be used.)

For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8102 or equivalent (2 pairs)

6.4.8 SEN Ports necessary sentences:

The basic requirements are:

IEC 61162-2 transmission standard

ITU-T V.11 electrical properties

Data bits 8, Stop bits 1, Parity none

Speed 4800 or 38400 baud (transponder speed is configurable)

All required as well as optional sentences are listed in the table; ensure that the connected

sensor transmits at least the required sentences (as given by IEC 61162-1):

IEC 61162-1 sentence format Data Preferred Optional

Reference datum DTM

Positioning system:

Time of position

Latitude/longitude

Position accuracy

GNS, GLL GGA, RMC

Speed over ground (SOG) VBW VTG, RMC

Course over ground (COG) RMC VTG, OSD

RAIM indicator GBS

Heading HDT

Rate of turn (ROT) ROT

6.4.9 Main and AUX high speed input/output ports

The Transponder has two high-speed communication ports. The ports are identical, the same

information is input and output on these ports. All information received and transmitted on the

VHF link will be reflected as correct IEC 61162 sentences. All error messages will also be

transmitted.

The Main port will primarily be used to connect external equipment such as ECDIS and ARPA

or another navigation information display system.

The AUX port is normally connected to the display unit, where it is looped through to drive the

Pilot Plug connector on the display unit. If a Pilot Plug is not required, the AUX port may be

disconnected from the display (at the transponder end) and may then be used as an additional

Presentation Interface (PI) port.

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 27

6.4.10 MAIN port

Three twisted pairs, shielded, PVC sheathed.

For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent

Main port wire connection

The twisted pairs shall be assigned as (RxA/RxB), (TxA/TxB) and (RxCom/TxCom).

6.4.11 AUX/Pilot port

Three twisted pairs, shielded, PVC sheathed.

For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent

6.4.12 Pilot Plug connection

The Pilot Plug is designed to be connected to the Display. The Plug supplied with the AIS

system has the connector fitted, and needs only to be fixed and plugged in.

6.4.13 Long Range Port

The AIS Long-Range Function requires a compatible long-range communication system e.g.

Inmarsat-C. If this is available, a connection to the Inmarsat-C system can be made. It is

required that the Inmarsat-C input/output port can be interfaced using IEC 61162-2 and

understand the long-range sentences as required by IEC 61993.

Recommended cable for connection of Long Range port:

Three twisted pairs, shielded, PVC sheathed.

For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent

The twisted pairs shall be assigned as (RxA/RxB), (TxA/TxB) and (RxCom/TxCom)

6.4.14 RTCM port, Differential GNSS correction input/output port

The RTCM-port is the input port for differential correction. The AIS Transponder can receive

differential correction in two ways:

• The RTCM port can be connected to a DGNSS unit. The DGNSS unit will then provide

differential correction to the AIS Transponder through the RTCM port.

• Through message 17 transmitted from a base station. The RTCM port will then work as

an output port, which can supply differential correction in RTCM format to other units.

Recommended cable for connection of RTCM-port:

Three twisted pairs, shielded, PVC sheathed.

For lengths to 200 meters, use 0.22 mm2 (7/32); Belden 8104 or equivalent

RTCM port wire connection

The twisted pairs shall be assigned as (RxA/RxB), (TxA/TxB) and (RxCom/TxCom)

6.4.15 Alarm relay

The AIS requires that an alarm output (relay) be connected to an audible alarm device or to the

ship’s alarm system, if available.

If any failure or malfunction is detected that will significantly reduce integrity or stop operation of

the AIS, an alarm is initiated. In this case:

• An alarm message is displayed on the display unit

• The alarm relay is activated

• The transponder health status LED turns off

28 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

• An appropriate alarm message is output via the presentation interface (Main and AUX-

ports) and repeated every 30 seconds.

The AIS transponder provides a relay connection which can be selected as normally closed or

normally open contacts.

Recommended cable for connection of alarm relay:

One twisted pair, shielded, PVC sheathed. The required cable dimension is dependent on

the current necessary to activate the alarm indicator.

Built in alarm relay ratings:

Absolute maximum ratings

Maximum switching current in contacts 0.25 Amp

Maximum carry current 1.20 Amp

Maximum switching voltage 175 V (dc or ac peak)

Test Port

The test port is intended to allow easy field reprogramming of the transponder and should not

be used in normal operation.

6.5 Completion of Installation

The foregoing provides the information necessary to perform the installation. Other useful

information is contained in the sections following.

The Pre-Installation Inspection Record (Section 8) should have been completed before

installation commenced.

It is most important that the installed system is not switched on at this stage. The

inspection procedures given in the Operation Manual must be completed before power is

applied.

The Warranty and Acceptance Record can only be completed after the system is configured, as

detailed in the Operation Manual.

Transponder Screw terminal board

N/C

Com

N/O

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 29

7 Specification

General Data:

Power

consumption: 50 W peak

15 W average

Power supply: 24 V DC –10% +30%

AIS1 (CH87B) 161.975 MHz

AIS2 (CH88B) 162.025 MHz

Default

frequencies: DSC (CH70) 156.525 MHz

Operating

temperature: -15 °C to +55 °C

Storage

temperature: -20 °C to +70 °C

Environmental: IEC 60945 Protected Environment

(Antennas: Exposed Environment)

Transponder

size/weight 331 x 274 x 100 mm, 4 kg

VDU size/weight 220 x 150 x 72 mm, 1 kg

GPS size/weight ∅ 115 mm x 76 mm, 0.25 kg

Compass safe

distance Display: 0.7 m for 1° deviation

1.2 m for 0.3° deviation

Transponder: 1.3 m for 1° deviation

2.1 m for 0.3° deviation

GNSS receiver: Used for TDMA timing. Optionally used

for navigational information.

GNSS antenna: Patch antenna with built-in 30 dB pre-

amplifier

DSC Transmitter:

Power output: 12.5 W or 2.0 W

Frequency range: 156.025 – 162.025 MHz

Antenna

impedance: 50 ohms

TDMA Receivers:

Sensitivity: (PER) < 20% at –107 dBm (25 kHz)

Frequency range: 156.025 – 162.025 MHz

Channel spacing: 12.5 or 25 kHz

Modulation: GMSK

Data rate: 9600 bits/s

Frequency stability:

< ± 1 ppm

DSC Receiver:

Sensitivity: BER <10-4 at 107 dBm

Frequency range: 155.3 – 162.5 MHz

Channel spacing 25 kHz

Modulation 1300 Hz/2100 Hz - FSK

Frequency stability < ± 1 ppm

Serial inputs/outputs:

SENS1/2/3/4 IEC61162-1/2 (input only)

LONG RANGE,

MAIN,

AUX/PILOT, RTCM

IEC61162-1/2 (input & output)

Display RS422 non-isolated

30 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

7.1 Technical Information

7.1.1 RS-422 interfaces

The Transponder has eight RS-422 interfaces:

• 4 sensor data input ports SEN1, SEN2, SEN3 and SEN4

• 2 Bi-directional input/output ports MAIN and AUX/Pilot

• 1 Bi-directional input/output port RTCM

• 1 Bi-directional input/output port Long Range

All communication interfaces are compatible with IEC61162-1 (2000) and IEC61162-2 (1998)

standards.

7.1.2 Termination

Termination resistors are required at each end of the RS-422 connection, to match the

impedance of the line to minimise reflections. The figures quoted assume that the line is

correctly terminated, and allow for that extra loading.

7.1.3 Output drive capability

Each talker output has a capability of driving a minimum of 12 listeners on a terminated cable.

7.1.4 Input loading

Each receiver presents a load of approximately 12 kohm to the line. Line termination resistors

are 100 ohms.

7.1.5 Isolation

The interface isolation is 1 kV minimum throughout.

7.2 RTCM binary messages

The RTCM port on the transponder accepts incoming messages from a differential beacon

receiver in RTCM binary format and outputs messages in RTCM binary format. Differential

correction data received on the VHF data link (in message 17) is also output to the RTCM port

in RTCM binary format.

7.3 NMEA sentences used

The ports on the M-2 transponder accept and output different combinations of NMEA sentences

as follows:

Port Input sentences Output sentences

Main, Display and Aux

(“Presentation ports”) ACA, ABM, BBM, ACK, AIR,

AIQ, LRI, LRF ABK, ACA, ACS, ALR, LRI, lRF,

LR1, LR2, LR3, SSD, TXT, VDO,

VDM, VSD

Long Range LRI, LRF LRI, LRF, LR1, LR2, LR3

S1, S2, S3 and S4

(“Sensor ports”) DTM, GBS, GGA, GLL, GNS,

HDT, RMC, ROT, VBW, VTG None

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 31

Decoded Sentences

The sentence types listed in the table below are decoded by the Transponder.

Formatter Source

Primary function Optional function Comment

ABK AIS VDL Ack

ABM AIS Addressed binary

message

BBM Broadcast binary

message

AIR AIS Interrogation

ACA AIS Channel assignment

ROT Sensor Rate of turn

HDT Sensor Heading Heading

VBW Sensor SOG

GNS GNSS Pos + time of pos

GLL GNSS Pos + time of pos

RMC GNSS COG Pos + time of pos, SOG

GBS GNSS RAIM indication RAIM

VTG GNSS COG, SOG

GGA GPS Pos + time of pos

VSD Display Voyage data

SSD Display Static data

LRF LR Long range

interrogation

LRI LR Long range

interrogation

TXT

ALR

ACK Display Alarm ack

Position Sensor Priority List

Priority (Highest first) Sources

External Differential GNSS GNS, GLL, RMC, GGA

Internal Differential GNSS (msg17) GNS, GLL, RMC, GGA

Internal Differential GNSS (RTCM ) GNS, GLL, RMC, GGA

External GNSS GNS, GLL, RMC, GGA

Internal GNSS GNS, GLL, RMC, GGA

Manual input

None available

Notes:

RAIM indication requires a valid GBS message from the sensor currently in use.

32 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

7.4 Message structures

Message structures are shown in the format used in IEC 61162-1

7.4.1 ABK - AIS addressed and binary broadcast acknowledgement

The ABK sentence is output by the transponder on the presentation ports in response to the

receipt of an ABM, AIR or BBM sentence. Its purpose is to inform the requesting device about

the success or failure of its request.

$--ABK,xxxxxxxxx,x,x.x,x,x*hh<CR><LF>

Type of acknowledgement

Message sequence number

M.1371 Message ID

AIS channel of reception

MMSI of the addressed AIS unit

7.4.2 ABM – AIS addressed binary and safety related message

This sentence is used to transmit M.1371 messages 6 (binary addressed) or 12 (addressed

safety related) via the AIS system by encapsulating the M.1371 message within one or more

AIS sentences.

$--ABM,x,x,x,xxxxxxxxx,x,xx,s—s,x*hh<CR><LF>

number of fill-bits

encapsulated data

M.1371 Message ID (6 or 12)

AIS channel

MMSI of the destination AIS unit

sequential message identifier

sentence number

total number of sentences

When the transponder receives an ABM sentence from an external device, it will return an ABK

sentence to indicate the success or failure of the transmission attempt.

7.4.3 ACA – AIS channel assignment message

$--ACA,x,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x,xxxx,x,xxxx,x,x,x,a,x,hhmmss.ss*hh<CR><LF>

time of “in use” change

in-use Flag

information source

power level control

Tx/Rx mode control

channel B bandwidth

channel B

channel A bandwidth

channel A

transition zone size

region southwest corner longitude, E/W

region southwest corner latitude, N/S

region northeast corner longitude, E/W

region northeast corner latitude, N/S

sequence number

The ACA sentence is used both to send channel management information to the transponder

and to obtain channel management information from it.

7.4.4 ACK – Acknowledge alarm

This sentence is used to acknowledge an alarm condition.

$--ACK,xxx*hh<CR><LF>

alarm ID

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 33

7.4.5 ACS - AIS channel management information source

This sentence is used in conjunction with the ACA sentence. It identifies the originator of the

information contained in the ACA sentence and the date and time when the transponder

received that information.

$--ACS,x,xxxxxxxxx,hhmmss.ss,xx,xx,xxxx*hh<CR><LF>

day, month, year

UTC of receipt of information

MMSI of originator

sequence number

7.4.6 AIR – AIS interrogation request

The interrogation request sentence allows an external to request certain M.1371 messages

from other remote devices via the AIS system.

$--AIR,xxxxxxxxx,x.x,x,x.x,x,xxxxxxxxx,x.x,x*hh<CR><LF>

message sub-section

number of messages requested from station-2

MMSI of interrogated station-2

message sub-section

number of second message requested from station-1

message sub-section

M.1371 message requested from station-1

MMSI of interrogated station

When the transponder receives an AIR sentence it sends M.1371 interrogation messages (type

15) to the addressed station(s) and returns an ABK sentence to the requesting device indicating

that the transmission is complete.

7.4.7 ALR – Alarm condition and status

This sentence is sent by the transponder to all presentation ports order to report an alarm

condition on a device. It identifies the source of the alarm, whether it has been acknowledged or

not and the time at which the condition changed.

$--ALR,hhmmss.ss,xxx,A,A,c--c*hh<CR><LF>

descriptive text

acknowledge state

alarm condition

alarm source

time of condition change

This sentence is sent by the transponder whenever a new alarm is raised or its condition

changes state. It is also sent periodically even when there are no active alarms In order to

provide a positive indication of the current status of each alarm.

7.4.8 BBM - AIS broadcast binary message

The BBM sentence allows an external device to instruct the transponder to broadcast a block of

binary data in an M.1371 binary broadcast message (type 8) or a safety related broadcast

message (type 14).

!--BBM,x,x,x,x,x.x,s—s,x*hh<CR><LF>

number of fill-bits

encapsulated data

M.1371 message ID

AIS channel for broadcast of the radio message

sequential message identifier

sentence number

total number of sentences needed to transfer message

When the transponder receives one or more BBM sentences from an external device, is de-

encapsulates the encoded data and re-assembles an M.1371 message of type 8 or 14 and then

34 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

transmits it over the VDL (if possible). It then sends an ABK sentence back to the requesting

device to indicate whether the transmission of the message succeeded or failed.

7.4.9 DTM – Datum reference

Local geodetic datum and datum offsets from a reference datum.

$--DTM,ccc,a,x.x,a,x.x,a,x.x,ccc*hh<CR><LF>

Reference datum

Altitude offset, m

Lon offset, min, E/W

Lat offset, min, N/S

Local datum subdivision code

Local datum

Note that the only datum supported by AIS is WGS84. The DTM sentence must be sent to the

transponder at a frequency of more than once every 30 seconds otherwise any positional

information sentences (eg GLL, GNS. RMC and GGA) will be ignored.

7.4.10 GBS – GNS satellite fault detection

This message is used to support receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM).

$--GBS,hhmmss.ss,x.x,x.x,x.x,xx,x.x,x.x,x.x,*hh<CR><LF>

Standard deviation of bias estimate

Estimate of bias on most likely failed satellite

Probability of missed detection for most likely failed satellite

ID number of most likely failed satellite

Expected error in altitude

Expected error in longitude

Expected error in attitude

UTC time of GGA or GNS fix associated with this sentence

7.4.11 GGA – Global positioning system (GPS) fix data

Time, position and fix-related data for a GPS receiver.

$--GGA,hhmmss.ss,IIII.II,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x,xx,x.x,x.x,M,x.x,M,x.x,xxxx*hh<CR><LF>

Differential reference

station ID

Age of differential GPS

data

Units of geoidal separation,

Geoidal separation

Units of antenna altitude, m

Antenna altitude

above/below mean sea

level (geoid)

Horizontal dilution of

precision

Number of satellites in use

GPS quality indicator

Longitude E/W

Latitude N/S

UTC of position

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 35

7.4.12 GLL – geographic position

This sentence is a primary source of position information for the transponder when connected to

a functional GNSS system. In the absence of GNS sentences, longitude and latitude information

may also be obtained from GNS, GGA or RMC sentences.

$--GLL,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,hhmmss.ss,A,a*hh<CR><LF>

mode indicator (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘M’ -> used; ‘N’ -> invalid)

status (‘A’ -> use mode flag; ‘V’ -> use position as default)

UTC of position

longitude, E/W

latitude, N/S

Note that DTM sentences must be received by the transponder at least once every 30 seconds

in order for the GLL sentence to be accepted.

7.4.13 GNS – GNSS fix data

The transponder may receive this sentence from other sensors and uses the information in its

own calculations of the ship’s current position.

$--GNS,hhmmss.ss,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,c—c,xx,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x*hh<CR><LF>

Diff ref erence station ID (ignored)

age of diff data (ignored)

geoidal separation (ignored)

antenna altitude (ignored)

HDOP (ignored)

number of satellites in use (ignored)

mode indicator (‘A’, D’, ‘E’, ‘M’ - used; ‘N’ - default value)

longitude, E/W

latitude, N/S

UTC of position

7.4.14 HDT – heading true

This sentence provides the actual vessel heading and may be sent by any system or device that

calculates true headings.

$--HDT,x.x,T*hh<CR><LF>

heading, degrees true

7.4.15 LR1 - AIS long-range reply 1

The LR1 sentence identifies the destination for the reply and contains the information items

requested by the function identification character in the LRF sentence that requested the

information.

$--LR1,x,xxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxx,c—c,c—c,xxxxxxxxx*hh<CR><LF>

IMO number

call sign

ship’s name

MMSI of requestor (reply

destination)

MMSI of responder

sequence number

36 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

7.4.16 LR2 - AIS long-range reply 2

The LR2 sentence contains further information items that can be requested in an LRF sentence.

$--LR2,x,xxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxx,hhmmss.ss,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x.x,T,x.x,N*hh<CR><LF>

speed over ground, Knots

course over ground, deg

True

longitude, E/W

latitude, N/S

UTC time of position

date

MMSI of responder

sequence number

7.4.17 LR3 - AIS long-range reply 3

The LR3 sentence contains further information items that can be requested in an LRF sentence.

$--LR3,x,xxxxxxxxx,c—c,xxxxxx,hhmmss.ss,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x,x.x*hh<CR><LF>

persons

ship type

ship breadth

ship length

ship/cargo

draught

ETA time

ETA date

voyage destination

MMSI of responder

sequence number

7.4.18 LRF - AIS long-range function

This sentence is used in both long-range interrogation requests and long-range interrogation

replies. The LRF-sentence is the second sentence of the long-range interrogation request pair

LRI and LRF.

The LRF sentence is also the first sentence of the long-range interrogation reply. The minimum

reply consists of an LRF sentence followed by a LR1 sentence. The LR2 sentence and/or the

LR3 sentences follow the LR1 sentence if information provided in these sentences was

requested by the interrogation.

$--LRF,x,xxxxxxxxx,c—c,c—c,c—c*hh<CR><LF>

function reply status

function request

name of requestor

MMSI of requestor

sequence number

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 37

7.4.19 LRI - AIS long-range interrogation

Long-range interrogation is a mechanism that allows one AIS unit to request certain data from

another AIS unit through the use of a number of interrogation and reply sentences.

When the transponder receives an LRI and LRF sentence pair on its Long Range port, it

forwards them on to all the presentation ports. If the transponder has been configured to provide

and automatic response to the interrogation then it does so; otherwise it waits for the sentences

to be returned to it (on any presentation port) before responding.

$--LRI,x,a,xxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxx,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a*hh<CR><LF>

longitude, E/W (SW coordinate)

latitude, N/S (SW coordinate)

longitude, E/W (NE co-ordinate)

latitude, N/S (NE co-ordinate)

MMSI of destination

MMSI of requestor

control flag

sequence number

7.4.20 RMC – recommended minimum specific GNSS data

This sentence is used to transmit the time, data, position, course and speed data from a GNSS

navigation receiver. The sentence is transmitted at least once every two seconds from GNSS

device(s) and is always accompanied by an RMB sentence when a destination waypoint is

active.

$--RMC,hhmmss.ss,A,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x.x,x.x,xxxxxx,x.x,a,a*hh<CR><LF>

mode indicator (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘E’, ‘M’ ->

used; ‘N’ -> invalid)

magnetic variation

date

course over ground

speed over ground

londitude, E/W

latitude, N/S

status (‘A’ -> use mode field; ‘V’ ->

use fields as default values)

UTC of position fix

Note that RMC has priority over VTG.

7.4.21 ROT – rate of turn

This sentence provides the rate and direction of turn.

$--ROT,x.x,A*hh<CR><LF>

status (‘A’ -> rate of turn is valid)

rate of turn

7.4.22 TXT – text transmission

This sentence is used for transmitting text messages such as alarm messages from a sensor or

the transponder to any presentation display device such as the M-2 display unit.

$--TXT,xx,xx,xx,c--c*hh<CR><LF>

text message

text identifier

message number

total number of messages

38 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

7.4.23 VBW – Dual ground/water speed

S—VBW,x.x,x.x,A,x.x,x.x,A,x.x,A,x.x,A*hh<CR><LF>

Status: stern ground speed

Stern traverse ground speed

Status: stern water speed

Stern traverse water speed

Status: ground speed

Traverse ground speed

Longitudinal ground speed

Status: water speed

Traverse water speed

Longitudinal water speed

Longitudinal ground speed – used

Transverse ground speed – used

Status of ground speed - used

Other fields ignored

7.4.24 VDM – VHF data link message

This sentence is output by the transponder each time it receives an incoming message over the

VHF data link. The VDM sentence encapsulates a part of an M.1371 message, and several

VDM sentences may need to be decoded and re-assembled in order to re-construct the original

M.1371 message.

!--VDM,x,x,x,a,s—s,x*hh<CR><LF>

number of fill-bits

encapsulated ITU-R M.1371 radio message

AIS Channel

sequential message identifier

sentence number

total number of sentences needed to transfer message

7.4.25 VDO - AIS VHF Data-link own-vessel report

This sentence is output to all the presentation ports at regular intervals and contains the

contents of the transponders own-vessel report.

Each time the transponder transmits an own-vessel report, it encapsulates the M.1371 message

in one or more VDO sentences and outputs them on its presentation ports.

!--VDO,x,x,x,a,s—s,x*hh<CR><LF>

number of fill-bits

encapsulated ITU-R M.1371 radio message

AIS Channel (‘A’ or ‘B’)

sequential message identifier

sentence number

total number of sentences needed to transfer message

The transponder outputs one VDO sentence every second in addition to echoing all transmitted

VDO sentences as they are transmitted in order to provide frequent updates to all connected

presentation devices. VDO sentences which have also been transmitted contain the appropriate

AIS channel indicator whereas VDO sentences that have not been transmitted contain a NULL

field for the channel indicator.

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 39

7.4.26 VSD – AIS voyage static data

This sentence may be output by the transponder in response to a query.

$--VSD,x.x,x.x,x.x,c—c,hhmmss.ss,xx,xx,x.x,x.x*hh<CR><LF>

regional application flags

navigational status

estimated month of arrival at destination

estimated day of arrival at destination

estimated UTC of arrival at destination

destination

persons on-board

maximum present static draught

type of ship and cargo category

7.4.27 VTG – course over ground and ground speed

This sentence contains the actual course and speed relative to the ground.

$--VTG,x.x,T,x.x,M,x.x,N,x.x,K,a*hh<CR><LF>

mode indicator

speed over ground, km/h (ignored)

speed over ground, knots

course over ground, degrees magnetic (ignored)

course over ground, degrees true

Note that RMC has priority over VTG.

7.4.28 VSD – AIS voyage static data

This sentence is output by the transponder in response to a query and contains the Ship’s

voyage data.

$--VSD,x.x,x.x,x.x,c—c,hhmmss.ss,xx,xx,x.x,x.x*hh<CR><LF>

regional application flags

navigational status

estimated month of arrival at destination

estimated day of arrival at destination

estimated UTC of arrival at destination

destination

persons on-board

maximum present static draught

type of ship and cargo category

7.5 General faults & error messages

An ALR-sentence is used to indicate a failure or malfunction that will significantly reduce

integrity or stop operation of M2. The Alarm messages generated are IEC61162-1 compliant

“$AIALR”-sentences on the Presentation Interface output ports.

The parameters of this sentence are:

Time of alarm condition change (UTC)

Unique alarm number (identifier) at alarm source

Alarm condition

Alarm acknowledge state

Alarm description text

and are set according to the table following.

The "alarm condition" field is set to "A" when the alarm condition threshold is exceeded, and "V"

when the alarm condition returns to a level that does not exceed the threshold. A continuing

healthy status “V” is sent out at 1 minute intervals.

NOTE: When all alarm conditions are healthy, a special single message is sent at 1 minute

intervals.

40 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

ALARM DESCRIPTION

TEXT ALARM ID OR

TEXT DENTIFIER REACTION OF THE SYSTEM TO THE ALARM

CONDITION WHEN THRESHOLD EXCEEDED

AIS: Tx malfunction 001 Stop transmission

AIS: Antenna VSWR

exceeds limit 002 Continue operation

AIS: Rx channel 1

malfunction

003 Stop transmission on affected channel

AIS: Rx channel 2

malfunction 004 Stop transmission on affected channel

AIS: Rx channel 70

malfunction 005 Stop transmission on affected channel

AIS: general failure 006 Stop transmission

AIS: Display connection

lost 008 Continue operation with "DTE" set to "1"

AIS: external EPFS lost 025 Continue operation

AIS: no sensor position

in use 026 Continue operation

AIS: no valid SOG

information 029 Continue operation using default data

AIS: no valid COG

information 030 Continue operation using default data

AIS: Heading

lost/invalid 032 Continue operation using default data

AIS: no valid ROT

information 035 Continue operation using default data

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 41

8 Serial interface communications protocols

The Transponder has eight RS-422 interfaces:

• 4 sensor data input ports SEN1, SEN2, SEN3 and SEN4

• 2 Bi-directional input/output ports MAIN and AUX/Pilot

• 1 Bi-directional input/output port RTCM

• 1 Bi-directional input/output port Long Range

8.1 Sensor data interface

The Sensor data input ports receive navigational data in NMEA–0183 format from the

connected sensors. The connected sensors can be a GNSS unit used for navigation, a

gyrocompass and a bottom track log. These data are processed in the AIS unit and transmitted

as dynamic data. The data received by other stations over the VHF link form an image of the

sensor data. It is therefore vital that the sensor data are correct and that the port is correctly

configured.

Navigational data must be received via the sensor ports within certain intervals; the maximum

intervals are listed in the table below. If NMEA sentences containing identical information arrive

at the sensor input ports, the AIS Transponder will choose the information with the highest

priority level.

The built-in GNSS unit will under normal conditions only be used for TDMA slot timing. However

if no data are received from the external sensors, the built-in GNSS unit can be set to take over

automatically and supply navigational information for the VHF data link transmission. The

changeover between internal GNSS information and external sensor information happens

automatically. Information received from the external sensors has priority and will always be

used when available.

Messages received and interpreted from sensors:

Data type

Max update

interval [s] NMEA application Default parameter value

Date 3 RMC Year 2000, month. 0, day 0

UTC 3 GNS, RMC, GGA,

GLL 24:60:60

Lat, Lon 3 GNS, RMC, GGA,

GLL 91°00′00″ nl, 181°00′00″ wl

Datum 30 DTM Not defined

SOG,

COG 3 RMC, VBW 102.3, 360°

Altitude 3 GNS 4095

Heading 10 HDT 511

Turn rate 10 ROT -128

RAIM 10 GBS Ok

Route plans with positions are transmitted in RTE (Routes) and WPL (Waypoint location)

sentences. There is no update interval for these data, therefore the last updated Route plan will

be kept in memory until data are updated or the power is switched off, as the data are not kept

in the permanent memory.

8.2 Main and AUX port reception and transmission of AIS data

Specific AIS Transponder functions are available via the Main and AUX ports. The ports are

identical and will transmit all received VDL (VHF Data Link) messages as well as Transponder

42 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

error messages. A request for information may be sent from equipment connected to the Main

and AUX ports, ether a request for information or a request for the Transponder to carry out a

specific task. The communication protocol is text, but in non-readable sentences which contain

compressed binary data.

The Transponder Main/AUX input port can accept requests:

• To send a short text message or a small binary data array to a specified address (MMSI)

or as a broadcast message

• To send a static or voyage information request to a specified address (MMSI)

• To change AIS radio frequencies and/or parameters of access to AIS channels (radiating

power, frequency band etc.)

The Transponder Main/AUX input port can accept:

• Static and voyage related data

• Navigation or dynamic data, similar to sensors data interface

• Error situation message acknowledgement

The Transponder Main/AUS output port can transmit:

• Notifications about every VHF message received and transmitted via AIS channels with

the VHF message included

• Acknowledgement of requests from other stations

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 43

9 Warranty Registration & Acceptance Record

IMPORTANT! To validate product warranty, please fax a completed copy of this form to: -

McMurdo Customer Services on +44 23 9262 3824

Vessel Data

Vessel Name Flag State

Owner / Company Radio Call Sign

Office:

On-Board Contact 1

Name Telephone

Number(s) GSM:

Office:

On-Board Contact 2

Name Telephone

Number(s) GSM:

Scope Of Supply

Part No. Description Serial No. Qty Location

35-081-001A Transponder

35-080-001A Display unit

89-028 Gyro Interface Unit

89-029 AC/DC Converter

General Setup

MMSI (Maritime Mobile Service Identity)

IMO (International Maritime

Organisation)

RAIM Present (Automatically Selected) Yes No

User password (20 characters max)

Operator Password (20 characters max)

Service Password (20 characters max)

44 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

Vessel Name

Vessel and GNSS dimensions

Vessel length Metres

Vessel beam Metres

Internal

GNSS External

GNSS A External

GNSS B

GNSS antenna distance to Stern

Metres

GNSS antenna distance to Port side

Metres

RS-422 Setup

Port General Baud rate Port General Baud rate

Main On Off 4800 38400 Sen 1 On Off

4800

38400

Aux On Off 4800 38400 Sen 2 On Off

4800

38400

LR On Off 4800 38400 Sen 3 On Off

4800

38400

RTCM On Off 4800 38400 Sen 4 On Off

4800

38400

Installers Data

Company Name Stamp:

Technician’s Name

Address Line 1

Address Line 2

City / Town

Province / State

Post / Zip Code

Country

This is an acceptance record of the installation and commissioning of the AIS on-board

the above-mentioned vessel. 24-months Warranty is valid on signing this form.

Installer’s Signature Owners Representative’s

Signature Commissioning Date

Installer’s Name Owners Representative’s

Name

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 45

10 Pre-Installation Inspection Record

1. Vessel Data (  Tick appropriately )

Vessel Name IMO Number

Flag State MMSI Number

Owner / Company Radio Call Sign

Office: On-Board Contact

Name & Position

Telephone Number(s)

GSM:

Office: Shore-based Contact

Name & Position

Telephone Number(s)

GSM:

Type of Vessel

Gross Tonnage gt

L.O.A

Beam m

Comments:

2. Installation (  Tick appropriately )

Ship’s Emergency Power Source & Location

Cable length to Transponder = m

 Optional AC to DC Converter (89-029) Required

 12 V DC  24 V DC  110 V AC  220 V AC

 50 Hz  60 Hz

AIS Transponder Proposed Location

AIS Display Proposed Location

4 Twisted Pair + Drain Cable length to Transponder m

AIS GNSS Antenna Proposed Location

RG58 Cable length to Transponder = m

 Optional Antenna Adapter (89-362) Required

AIS VHF Antenna Proposed Location

RG214 Cable length to Transponder = m

 Optional VHF Antenna (89-020-001) Required

 Optional Antenna Mast Mount (903-01) Required

 Optional Antenna Mast/Bulkhead Mount (903-02) Required

AIS Pilot Plug* Proposed Location

Cable length to Transponder = m

Ship’s Ground Connection Location

Cable length to Transponder = m

Ship’s Alarm Panel Location

Cable length to Transponder = m

* If a Pilot Plug is fitted, a mains power supply for a PC should be made available nearby

 Optional Installation Kit (89-038) Required

Comments:

46 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

Bridge Layout Drawing: Position of all parts & interface pick-off points

3. Heading Sensor(s)* (  Tick appropriately )

Source Option A Option B

Manufacturer

Model

Type  GyroCompass  GNSS Compass

 Fluxgate Compass

 Transmitting Magnetic Compass

 GyroCompass  GNSS Compass

 Fluxgate Compass

 Transmitting Magnetic Compass

Output NMEA Message

IEC 61162-2 RS422

Required:-  HDT  ROT**

Optional:-  OSD

Required:-  HDT  ROT**

Optional:-  OSD

If no NMEA

 Optional Gyro Interface

Unit (89-028) Required

 Synchro

Reference Voltage =

Phase Voltage = Frequency =

Ratio -  90:1  180:1  360:1

 Synchro

Reference Voltage =

Phase Voltage = Frequency =

Ratio -  90:1  180:1  360:1

 Stepper

 Positive Step  Negative Step

Step Voltage =

Ratio -  90:1  180:1  360:1

 Stepper

 Positive Step  Negative Step

Step Voltage =

Ratio -  90:1  180:1  360:1

Location

Cable length to

Transponder

* Heading information is a mandatory sensor input to the AIS. A converter will be needed if the ship’s compass has no IEC61162 output.

** If a rate-of-turn indicator is available and it includes an IEC61162 output it should be connected to the AIS

Comments:

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 47

4. Position Sensor(s)* (  Tick appropriately )

Source

Option A Option B

Manufacturer

Model

Type

 GPS  GLONASS  Differential  GPS  GLONASS  Differential

Output NMEA Message

IEC 61162-2 RS422

Required:-  DTM  GNS 

GLL

 RMC  GBS  RTE  WPL

Optional:-  GGA

Required:-  DTM  GNS

 GLL  RMC  GBS  RTE

 WPL

Optional:-  GGA

Location

Cable length to

Transponder

Antenna Location External Position Source

GNSS Antenna AIS Internal Position

Source GNSS Antenna Dimension

Limits

A = Distance to Bow

0- 511 m

B = Distance to Stern

0 – 511 m

C = Dist. to Port-Side

0 – 63 m

D = Dist. to Starboard

m 0 – 63 m

* Position information is a mandatory sensor input to the AIS.

Comments:

5. Speed Sensor(s)* (  Tick appropriately )

Source Option A Option B

Manufacturer

Model

Type  Bottom Track Log  Bottom Track Log

Output NMEA Message

IEC 611622-2 RS422

Required:-  VBW Required:-  VBW

Location

Cable length to

Transponder

* If a Bottom Track Log is available and it includes an IEC61162 output it should be connected to the AIS.

Comments:

48 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manual

6. ARPA / ATA RADAR(s) (  Tick appropriately )

Source Option A Option B

Manufacturer

Model

Type

In/Output NMEA

Message

IEC 61162-2 RS422

Location

Cable length to

Transponder

Comments:

7. ECDIS / ECS(s) (  Tick appropriately )

Source Option A Option B

Manufacturer

Model

Type

In/Output NMEA

Message

IEC 61162-2 RS422

Location

Cable length to

Transponder

Comments:

8. Notes

Include comments relative to installation: Cable routing, Deck glands to be opened, Hot work required, Interfacing, Mounting, Earthing,

etc…

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 49

11 Glossary

4S Ship-to-Ship & Ship-to-Shore

AIS Automatic Identification System

ALM Alarm

ANT Antenna

ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid

ATA Automatic Tracking Aid

AtoN Aid to Navigation

AUTO Automatic

AUX Auxiliary

BAT Battery

BIIT Built-In Integrity Test

BRG Bearing

BRILL Display Brilliance

CG Coast Guard

CH Channel

CHG Change

CLR Clear

CNCL Cancel

CNS Communication, Navigation & Surveillance

COG Course Over Ground

CONTR Contrast

CPA Closest Point of Approach

CPU Central Processing Unit

CSE Course

DEL Delete

DEST Destination

DG Dangerous Goods

DGLONASS Differential GLONASS

DGNSS Differential GNSS

DGPS Differential GPS

DISP Display

DIST Distance

DSC Digital Selective Calling

DTE Data Terminal Equipment

ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information

System

ECS Electronic Chart System

EGNOS European Geo-stationary Navigational

Overlay System

ENC Electronic Navigation Chart

ENT Enter

EPA Electronic Plotting Aid

EPFS Electronic Position Fixing System

EPIRB Electronic Position Indicating Radio

Beacon

ERR Error

ETA Estimated Time of Arrival

EXT External

FCC Federal Communications Commission

FREQ Frequency

GLO or

GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite

System

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety

System

GND Ground

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

GPS Global Positioning System

GYRO Gyro Compass

HDG Heading

HS Hazardous Substances

HSC High Speed Craft

I/O Input / Output

IBS Integrated Bridge System

ID Identification

IEC International Electotechnical Commission

IMO International Maritime Organisation

IN Input

INFO Information

INS Integrated Navigation System

ITU-R International Telecommunications Union –

Radiocommunications Bureaux

KN Knots

L/L Latitude / Longitude

LAT Latitude

LON Longitude

LOST TGT Lost Target

M Metres

MAG Magnetic

MAN Manual

MED Marine Equipment Directive

MF/HF Medium Frequency/High Frequency

MID Maritime Identification Digit

MIN Minimum

MKD Minimum Keyboard and Display

MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identity

MOB Man Overboard

MP Marine Pollutant

NAV Navigation

NM Nautical Mile

NUC Not Under Command

OOW Officer Of the Watch

OS Own Ship

OUT Output

PI Presentation Interface

POSN Position

PPU Portable Pilot Unit

PWR Power

RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

RNG Range

RORO Roll On, Roll Off

ROT Rate Of Turn

RR Range Rings

RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime

services

RTE Route

Rx Receive / Receiver

SAR Search And Rescue

SEL Select

SOG Speed Over Ground

SPD Speed

SPEC Specification

STBD Starboard

STBY Standby

STW Speed Through Water

TCPA Time to Closest Point of Approach

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TGT Target

TPR Transponder

TRK Track

TSS Traffic Separation Scheme

TTG Time To Go

Tx Transmit / Transmitter

Tx/Rx Transceiver

AIS Universal Automatic Identification System

UHF Ultra High Frequency

UTC Universal Time Co-ordinate

VDU Visual Display Unit

VHF Very High Frequency

VOY Voyage

VSWR Virtual Standing Wave Ratio

VTS Vessel Traffic Systems

WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System

WCV Waypoint Closure Velocity

WGS World Geodetic System

WIG Wing In Ground

WPT Waypoint

50 Issue 1 AIS Installation Manua

This page contains no other data

AIS Installation Manual Issue 1 51

12 Commissioning guide

The sequence of operations given here MUST be performed in order to set essential

parameters of the AIS system, and to make it operational.

The Operation manual contains detailed information on the method of setting these parameters.

Refer to that manual if difficulty is found with any of the outline steps given below.

1. select “Setup mode: Ship's static data” by pressing and holding 'ENTER'

2. select “edit SHIP'S DATA”

3. enter service mode by using the service password (default 'SERVICE')

4. go to page "Setup mode: Configuration"

5. change the baud rate of each serial port in turn to match the baud rate of the external

equipment connected to that port

6. go to page “Setup mode: Ship’s static data”

7. enter valid data for 'MMSI', 'IMO', 'vessel' & 'call sign'

8. select 'vessel type'

9. enter 'beam' & 'length'

10. enter internal & external GNSS antenna positions

11. press 'Save SHIP'S DATA' to save settings

CAUTION: as soon as a valid MMSI number is saved, the AIS will begin operation. Allow at

least 2 minutes for the system to initialise and obtain a valid GNSS fix.

The next stage is to check that the sensors are operational.

12. select “Voyage mode: Current status”

13. check that all available sensors are recognised

14. temporarily disconnect the external GNSS signal (This will cause an alarm.)

15. check that the internal GNSS is providing data, and that the display indicates the

GNSS source as internal

16. reconnect the external GNSS signal. Check that the GNSS source is now external

Now change the service password:

17. select “Setup mode: Ship's static data”

18. select “edit SHIP'S DATA”

19. enter current service password (default 'SERVICE')

20. enter new password in 'change password' field

21. enter new password in ‘confirm password' field

22. press 'verify password' to store the new service password

This completes the entry of required parameters. The M-2 system is now fully operational.

If it becomes necessary to disable an alarm, refer to the Operation manual.

Orolia M-2 McMurdo Automatic Identification System User Manual Installation Manual

Orolia Ltd McMurdo Automatic Identification System Installation Manual

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