OvisLink AIRMAX2 802.11G Wireless Outdoor CPE User Manual AirLive AirMax2 User s Manual

OvisLink Corp. 802.11G Wireless Outdoor CPE AirLive AirMax2 User s Manual

User Manual

AirMax2
802.11g Outdoor CPE
Use
r
’s Manual
Copyright and Disclaimer
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
Copyright & Disclaimer
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, whether
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording without the written consent of OvisLink
Corp.
OvisLink Corp. has made the best effort to ensure the accuracy of the information in this
user’s guide. However, we are not liable for the inaccuracies or errors in this guide.
Please use with caution. All information is subject to change without notice
All Trademarks are properties of their respective holders.
Table of Contents
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual ii
FCC Statement
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been
tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of
the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in
a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the
following measures:
z Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
z Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
z Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
z Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Caution
Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device
must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation. For product available in the USA/Canada market, only channel 1~11 can be
operated. Selection of other channels is not possible.
This device and its antenna(s) must not be co-located or operation in conjunction with any
other antenna or transmitter.
IMPORTANT NOTE
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance
20cm between the radiator & your body.
FCC NOTICE : To Comply with FCC part 15 rules in the United States, the system must be professionally
installed to ensure compliance with the Part 15 certification. It is the responsibility of the operator and
professional installer to ensure that only certified systems are deployed in the United States.
The use of the system in any other combination (such as co-located antennas transmitting the same
information) is expressly forbidden.
Table of Contents
i AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview..............................................................................................1
1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support..................................................1
1.3 Features...............................................................................................2
1.4 Wireless Operation Modes...................................................................2
1.4.1 Access Point Mode ......................................................................................3
1.4.2 Client Mode .................................................................................................3
1.4.3 Bridge Mode ................................................................................................4
1.4.4 WDS Repeater Mode...................................................................................4
1.4.5 Universal Repeater Mode............................................................................5
1.4.6 WISP Router Mode......................................................................................5
1.4.7 WISP + Repeater Mode...............................................................................6
1.4.8 AP Router Mode ..........................................................................................7
1.4.9 WDS Station(Bridge Send Beacon) .............................................................7
2. Installing the AirMax2................................................................................8
2.1 Before You Start...................................................................................8
2.2 Package Content .................................................................................9
2.3 Optional Accessories ...........................................................................9
2.4 Knowing Your AirMax2.......................................................................10
2.5 Hardware Installation .........................................................................11
2.5.1 Standard Pole Mount .................................................................................13
2.5.2 Optional Tilting Metal Pole/ Wall Mount .....................................................14
2.5.3 Installing External Antenna ........................................................................16
2.6 LED Table ..........................................................................................18
2.7 Restore Settings to Default................................................................18
3. Configuring the AirMax2 .........................................................................19
3.1 Important Information.........................................................................19
3.2 Prepare your PC ................................................................................19
3.3 Management Interface.......................................................................20
Web Management (HTTP):.................................................................................20
Secured Web Management (HTTPS):................................................................21
Command Line Interface (Telnet): ......................................................................21
Secure Shell (SSH, SSH2) .................................................................................22
3.4 Introduction to Web Management......................................................23
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AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual ii
3.4.1 Main Menu.................................................................................................24
3.5 Initial Configurations ..........................................................................25
3.5.1 Changing the Regulatory Domain..............................................................25
3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address ...............................................................25
3.5.3 Set the Time and Date...............................................................................26
3.5.4 Enable/Disable Telnet and SSH Management...........................................27
3.5.5 Change Password .....................................................................................27
4. Wireless Settings.....................................................................................28
4.1 About Wireless Modes .......................................................................28
4.2 General Wireless Functions...............................................................30
4.2.1 Regulatory Domain....................................................................................30
4.2.2 Network SSID............................................................................................31
4.2.3 Site Survey ................................................................................................31
4.2.4 Signal Survey ............................................................................................32
4.2.5 Hide SSID..................................................................................................32
4.2.6 Radio Mode ...............................................................................................32
4.2.7 Channel .....................................................................................................33
4.2.8 Client Mode Security Settings....................................................................33
4.2.9 AP Mode Security Settings ........................................................................35
4.2.10 Client Isolation.........................................................................................38
4.2.11 Data Rate.................................................................................................38
4.2.12 Tx Output Power......................................................................................38
4.2.13 Clear Signal Technology ..........................................................................39
4.2.14 Antenna Select ........................................................................................39
4.2.15 Auto Clone MAC (Client Mode Only) .......................................................39
4.2.16 Manual MAC Clone (Client Mode Only)...................................................39
4.2.17 Access Control.........................................................................................39
4.3 LED Threshold...................................................................................40
4.4 Advance Settings ...............................................................................41
4.5 Bridge Mode Settings.........................................................................43
4.5.1 WDS Settings ............................................................................................43
4.5.2 WDS Security ............................................................................................43
5. Wireless Menu: Router Mode Settings...................................................46
5.1 Router Mode Settings under Wireless Menu .....................................46
5.1.1 WAN Port...................................................................................................47
5.1.2 Virtual Server Settings...............................................................................47
5.1.2 DMZ...........................................................................................................48
5.1.3 Dynamic DNS............................................................................................48
5.1.4 DoS (Denial of Service) .............................................................................49
5.1.5 URL Filter...................................................................................................50
5.1.6 MAC Filter..................................................................................................50
5.1.7 IP Filter ......................................................................................................50
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iii AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
5.1.8 Special Applications...................................................................................51
5.1.9 Diagnostic (DNS Lookup) ..........................................................................51
5.1.10 PING........................................................................................................52
5.1.11 Remote Management ..............................................................................52
6. System Configurations............................................................................53
6.1 Menu Structure ..................................................................................53
6.2 LAN Interface Setup ..........................................................................53
6.2.1 DHCP Settings ..........................................................................................54
6.2.2 Clone MAC Address ..................................................................................54
6.2.3 Disable PING.............................................................................................54
6.2.4 Add DHCP Static Lease Client...................................................................55
6.3 Time Settings .....................................................................................55
6.4 Password Settings .............................................................................56
6.5 System Management.........................................................................56
6.6 Watchdog...........................................................................................57
6.7 Firmware Upgrade .............................................................................57
6.8 Configuration Save and Restore........................................................58
6.9 Factory Default ..................................................................................59
7. Device Status Menu.................................................................................60
7.1 Menu Structure ..................................................................................60
7.2 Device Information.............................................................................60
7.3 Statistic ..............................................................................................61
7.4 Client Table ........................................................................................62
7.5 Log.....................................................................................................62
8. Bandwidth Control...................................................................................63
8.1 What is Bandwidth Control?...............................................................63
8.2 Type of Bandwidth Control.................................................................63
8.2.1 Interface Control........................................................................................63
8.2.2 Individual IP/MAC Control..........................................................................64
8.3 What is “Out Rate”? ...........................................................................64
8.4 Configure the Bandwidth Control.......................................................65
8.4.1 Interface Control Settings ..........................................................................67
8.4.2 Define Policy..............................................................................................67
8.4.3 Control by IP Address................................................................................68
8.4.4 Control by MAC Address ...........................................................................69
Table of Contents
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual iv
9. Command Line Interface.........................................................................71
9.1 Available Commands .........................................................................71
10. Emergency Firmware Recovery ...........................................................79
10.1 How Emergency Upgrade Works?...................................................79
10.2 Emergency Upgrade Procedure ......................................................79
11. Frequent Asked Questions ...................................................................81
12. Specifications.........................................................................................84
12.1 Hardware Features ..........................................................................84
12.1.1 General Hardware Feature......................................................................84
12.1.2 Antenna ...................................................................................................84
12.1.3 Power Supply ..........................................................................................84
12.1.4 Dimension and Weight.............................................................................85
12.2 Radio Specifications ........................................................................85
12.2.1 Frequency Band ......................................................................................85
12.2.3 Rate and Modulation................................................................................85
12.2.4 TX Output Power .....................................................................................85
12.2.5 Receiver Sensitivity .................................................................................85
12.2.6 Supported WLAN Mode...........................................................................86
12.3 Software Feature .............................................................................86
12.3.1 Operation Mode.......................................................................................86
12.3.2 Management Interface.............................................................................86
13. Wireless Network Glossary...................................................................87
1. Introduction
1 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
1 1. Introduction
1.1 Overview
The AIRMAX2 is a wireless outdoor multi-function device based on IEEE 802.11g/b
2.4GHz radio technologies. When installed in upright position, it is rain and splash proof.
It features an integrated 10dBi patch antenna and passive POE to simplify the installation.
The built-in antenna can provide up to 3km* of distance depending on conditions. If more
distance is required, a R-SMA antenna connector is available for external antenna. The
firmware of the AP provides up to 9 operation modes* to satisfy different application
environments.
1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support
If you encounter a technical issue that can not be resolved by information on this guide, we
recommend that you visit our comprehensive website support at www.airlive.com. The
tech support FAQ are frequently updated with latest information.
In addition, you might find new firmwares that either increase software functions or provide
bug fixes for AirMax2. You can reach our on-line support center at the following link:
http://www.airlive.com/support/support_2.jsp
Since 2009, AirLive has added the “Newsletter Instant Support System” on our website.
AirLive Newsletter subscribers receives instant email notifications when there are new
download or tech support FAQ updates for their subscribed airlive models. To become an
AirLive newsletter member, please visit: http://www.airlive.com/member/member_3.jsp
Figure 1.4: AirLive Newsletter Suppport System
.
The firmware of the AP provides up to 9 operation modes* to satisfy different application environments.
8.03dBi
1. Introduction
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 2
1.3 Features
802.11g/b Hi Powered Chipset
4MB Flash and 16MB SDRAM
9 wireless multi-function modes: Access Point, Client Mode, WDS Repeater, WDS
Bridge, Universal Repeater, WISP Router, AP Router, WISP+ Universal Repeater,
WDS Station
10Bi Integrated Patch Antenna: Vertical Polarization. 70 degree Horizontal and 38
degree Vertical coverage in the forward direction.
R-SMA connector for external antenna.
Built from High Temperature resistant ABS material with Anti-UV protection
Power by passive PoE: 12V Adapter and injector included.
Slide out housing design for easy maintenance.
Pole Mount strap included. Optional metal mount and wall mount available
Interface and IP/MAC Bandwidth Control
Site Survey, Signal Survey, and Signal Strength LED indicator.
ClearSignal Interference Resistant Technology
Emergency firmware recovery mode
Web, HTTPS, SSH, Telnet managements
1.4 Wireless Operation Modes
The AirMax2 can perform as a multi-function wireless device. Through the AirLogic web
interface, users can easily select which wireless mode they wish the AirMax2 to perform.
AirMax2WirelessOperationMode
Wireless Mode Radio WAN Application
Access Point AP None Hotspot (Indoor and Outdoor)
Client Client None WISP Client
WISP Router Client Wireless WISP Client Router
Bridge Bridge None Building to Building network
WDS Repeater AP + Client None Extend distance of another WDS
AP/Router
1. Introduction
3 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
Universal Repeater AP + Client None Extend distance of any AP Router
WISP + Repeater AP + Client Wireless WISP 2-Way CPE (One radio only)
AP Router AP LAN Port Broadband Sharing
WDS Station Bridge None Bridge with SSID
1.4.1 Access Point Mode
When operating in the Access Point mode, the AIRMAX2 becomes the center hub of the
wireless network. All wireless cards and clients connect and communicate through
AirMax2. This type of network is known as “Infrastructure network”. Other AirMax2 or
802.11a CPE can connect to AP mode through “Client Mode”.
1.4.2 Client Mode
This mode is also known as “Client” mode. For AirMax2, there are 2 types of Client modes:
Infrastructure and Adhoc mode. In Infrastructure mode, the AIRMAX2 acts as if it is a
wireless adapter to connect with a remote Access Point. Users can attach a computer or
a router to the LAN port of AirMax2 to get network access. This mode is often used by
WISP on the subscriber’s side.
Client Mode
Client Mode
1. Introduction
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 4
In Client Ad Hoc mode, AIRMAX2 can connect to other wireless adapters without access
point. Users can attach a computer or a router to the LAN port of AirMax2 to get network
access.
1.4.3 Bridge Mode
This mode is also known as “WDS Pure MAC Bridge mode”. When configured to operate
in the Wireless Distribution System (WDS) Mode, the AIRMAX2 provides bridging functions
with remote LAN networks in the WDS system . The system will support up to total of 8
bridges in a WDS network (by daisy chain). However, each bridge can only associate with
maximum of 4 other bridges in the WDS configuration. This mode is best used when you
want to connect LAN networks together wirelessly (for example, between office and
warehouse). If you have more than 2 AP in WDS Bridges mode, please remember to turn
on the “802.1d Spanning Tree” or “STP” option on to avoid network loop. This mode
usually delivers faster performance than infrastructure mode.
1.4.4 WDS Repeater Mode
In WDS Repeater mode, the AIRMAX2 functions as a repeater that extends the range of
remote wireless LAN. In this mode, the remote Access Point must have WDS (Wireless
Distribution System) capability. If you require the PC’s MAC addresses to be preserved
1. Introduction
5 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
when the data pass through the Repeater, it is necessary to use the WDS Repeater mode.
Because the radio is divided into WDS + AP mode, the Repeater mode will have less
performance and distance. In this mode, it is recommended to use an external
Omni-Directional antenna.
1.4.5 Universal Repeater Mode
In Universal Repeater mode, the AIRMAX2 functions as a repeater that extends the range
of remote wireless LAN. This mode can repeat the signal of any remote AP/Router, even
if they do not have WDS capability. However, the MAC addresses of any wireless traffic
going through Universal Repeater are “translated” into the Repeater’s MAC address. As a
result, any applications that require identification by MAC address (such as hotspot or
firewall) can not use this mode. It is also recommended to use “DHCP” Relay function to
get IP address from remote DHCP server.
Because the radio is divided into WDS + AP mode, the Repeater mode will have less
performance and distance. In this mode, it is recommended to use an external
Omni-Directional antenna.
1.4.6 WISP Router Mode
In WISP Router Mode, AIRMAX2 connects to the remote Access Point as in Client
Infrastructure Mode. On the LAN side, it acts like a wired router for IP sharing function.
This mode is best used for IP sharing application for WISP subscribers. In this mode, the
WAN is the wireless client side, the LAN is the wired side.
Router with
WDS function
Router without
WDS function
1. Introduction
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 6
1.4.7 WISP + Repeater Mode
This mode is the combination of WISP Router mode and AP mode. The radio is divided
into 2-way. One way is the client mode to connect with the remote AP, the other is the AP
mode to serve the local wireless network. There is a NAT router function to share the
Internet connection. Since the radio is divided by half, it is not recommended for long
distance application. The use of external Omni-Directional Antenna .
If you are a WISP operator, it is highly recommended that you use a 2-radio product like
AirLive G.DUO(dual 11g AP) or WLA-9000AP(A+G AP) for this purpose.
1. Introduction
7 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
1.4.8 AP Router Mode
In AP Router Mode, the AirMax2 behaves like a wireless router. The LAN port of the
AirMax2 will become WAN port. The wireless network of AirMax2 becomes the LAN side.
Please note when this mode is used, the only way to manage the AirMax2 is through the
wireless side unless remote management is opened.
1.4.9 WDS Station(Bridge Send Beacon)
The WDS Station mode is similar to Bridge mode with the exception that the link has added
“SSID” as basis for the bridge link. This mode is for added bridge mode compatibility with
Atheros base wireless device.
2. Install the AIRMAX2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 8
2 2. Installing the AirMax2
This section describes the hardware features and the hardware installation procedure for
the AIRMAX2. For software configuration, please go to chapter 3 for more details.
2.1 Before You Start
It is important to read through this section before you install the AirMax2
The AirMax2 comes with everything you need to start installation with exception
of the PoE Ethernet Cable. You can use a good quality CAT-5E outdoor graded
Ethernet cable (shielded with anti-UV) according to the length you need.
The AirMax2 must be installed in the upright position if the unit is located in
outdoor or wet environments.
The integrated antenna has forward coverage angle of 70 degree horizontal and
38 degree vertical.
2. Install the AirMax2
9 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
If you choose to use the external antenna, please remember to connect the
external antenna first before power on AirMax2.
If you choose to use the external antenna, please make sure to change the
software settings to use the “external” antenna.
2.2 Package Content
The AIRMAX2 package contains the following items:
One AirMax2 main unit
One 12V 1A DC power adapter
Passive PoE DC Injector
2 x Plastic Straps
User’s Guide CD
Quick Start Guide
The PoE Ethernet cable is not included in the package. You may choose an outdoor
specification Ethernet cable according to the length you need.
2.3 Optional Accessories
The AirMax2 have the following optional accessories which you can purchase from AirLive
Tilting Metal Wall/Pole Mount (Model: WMK-AIRMAX): This kit allows your
AirMax2 to tilt in pole mount, it also allow you to install the AirMax2 to the wall.
25 meter PoE cable (Model: OD-25M): high quality outdoor graded anti-UI PoE
Ethernet Cable.
2. Install the AIRMAX2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 10
2.4 Knowing Your AirMax2
Below are descriptions and diagrams of the product:
2. Install the AirMax2
11 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
2.5 Hardware Installation
Please prepare a screw driver and an outdoor graded PoE Ethernet cable with adequate
length according to your need.
1. Remove the screws from the sides of the
case. 2. Hold the sides of the bottom cases and pull
out in the downward direction.
3. Install the PoE cable to the PoE Port.
Follow the cable guard direction. 4. Slide back the bottom case
2. Install the AIRMAX2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 12
. 5. Put the case screws back.
6. Install the PoE Cable and the Power Adapter to the DC Injector. Please make sure to read the
markings on the DC Injector carefully and connect the cables correctly. You can connect your
PC directly to the “LAN” port of the DC Injector.
The PoE Cable exit
hole should face up
2. Install the AirMax2
13 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
2.5.1 Standard Pole Mount
Your AirMax2 comes standard with 2 plastic straps for pole mounting. Please follow the
procedure below to install:
1. Put the plastic strap through the holes on
the Pole Mount holders. 2. Thread the thinner end of the strap into the
opening on the other end. Then tighten the
strap around the pole as tightly as possible.
DC Injector
2. Install the AIRMAX2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 14
2.5.2 Optional Tilting Metal Pole/ Wall Mount
The optional WMK-AIRMAX metal pole/wall mount kit allows your AirMax2 to be mounted
on the wall and pole. It enables you to tilt the AirMax2 to the desire vertical angle. If you
have purchased such kit, please follow the instruction below to mount your AirMax
Wall Mount Installation using WMK-AIRMAX
1. Please first install the screw anchors into
the wall
2. Secure the screws through the Metal
Bracket into the screw anchors
3. Install the AirMax2 into the Metal Bracket
and tighten the screws on the bracket.
4. By adjusting the bracket screws, you can adjust the tilting angle of the AirMax2
1
2
3
Bracket Screw
2. Install the AirMax2
15 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
Pole Mount Installation using WMK-AIRMAX
1. Unscrew the metal ring(pipe fastener) until one end of the ring come off completely
2. Put the metal ring through the holes on the bracket and wrap it around the pole.
3. Tighten the screw on the ring until the ring is very tight around the pole.
4. Now, install the AirMax 5 into the metal bracket and tighten the screws on the bracket
5. By adjusting the bracket screws, you can adjust the tilting angle of the AirMax2
Bracket Screw
1 2
4
3
5
2. Install the AIRMAX2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 16
2.5.3 Installing External Antenna
The AirMax is equipped with a 10dBi built-in patch antenna. If the built-in antenna can not
meet your requirement, you can connect AirMax2 with an external antenna via the female
R-SMA antenna connector.
Before you start, you would need an antenna converter cable. For example; if you want to
connect directly to an outdoor antenna with female N-Type connector, you would need a
Male R-SMA to Male N-Type connector. Please note that you should not connect the power
until the external antenna is attached to avoid damaging the RF.
Once you have the converter cable, please follow the installation steps below.
1. Remove the screws from the side of the
case. 2. Hold the sides of the bottom case and pull out
in the downward direction.
3. Use a prier to remove the stab that
covers the antenna cable exit hole. 4. You can now connect the converter cable to
the antenna port. Please run the cable
through the cable guard as indicated below.
5. Push back the bottom case. 6. Insert the case screws back
2. Install the AirMax2
17 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
7. You should connect the AirMax2 to an
external antenna before power on to avoid
damaging the RF
8. Please go to the web configuration. Select
“Wireless Settings -> Antenna Select”.
Change the “Antenna Setting” to “External”.
The PoE Cable exit
hole should face up
2. Install the AIRMAX2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 18
2.6 LED Table
This section describes the LED behavior of AirMax2.
You can find the LED on the left side of the AirMax2.
Power
Steady Red – Normal Operation
OFF – No Power
Link
Steady Yellow: Link is active
Flashing Yellow: Transmit or receive data
OFF: No connection
WLAN Signal Strength LEDs
Weak :Low signal strength
Strong :Better signal strength
Weak + Strong: Full Signal strength
No connection/Bad signal strength
2.7 Restore Settings to Default
If you have forgotten your AirMax2’s IP address or password, you can restore your AirMax2
to the default settings by pressing on the “reset button” for more than 5 seconds. The
reset button is inside the bottom case. Please see diagram below for details.
3. Configuring the AirMax2
19 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
The AirMax2 offers many different types of management interface. You can configure
through standard web browser (http), secured web (https), command line (telnet), sand
ecured command shell (SSH). In this chapter, we will explain AirMax2’s available
management interfaces and how to get into them.
3.1 Important Information
The following information will help you to get start quickly. However, we recommend you
to read through the entire manual before you start. Please note the password and SSID
are case sensitive.
The default IP address is: 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
The default user’s name is: admin
The default password is: airlive
The default SSID is: airlive
The default wireless mode is : Client mode
After power on, please wait for 2 minutes for AirMax2 to finish boot up
Please remember to click on “Apply” for new settings to take effect
You must reboot the AirMax2 after you finish all the settings for changes to
take effect
The ClearSignal Technology is “OFF” by default. If there are heavy interference
around your environment. Please turn it on.
When you change to “AP Router” mode, the LAN port will become WAN port.
The IP address is changed to “192.168.2.1”.
3.2 Prepare your PC
The AIRMAX2 can be managed remotely by a PC through either the wired or wireless
network. The default IP address of the AIRMAX2 is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0. This means the IP address of the PC should be in the range of
192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254.
To prepare your PC for management with the AirMax2, please do the following:
1. Connect your PC directly to the LAN port on the DC Injector of AirMax2
3 3. Configuring the AirMax2
3. Configuring the AirMax2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 20
2. Set your PC’s IP address manually to 192.168.1.100 (or other address in the same
subnet)
You are ready now to configure the AirMax2 using your PC.
3.3 Management Interface
The AirMax can be configured using one the management interfaces below:
Web Management (HTTP): You can manage your AirMax2 by simply typing its IP
address in the web browser. Most functions of AirMax2 can be accessed by web
management interface. We recommend using this interface for initial configurations.
To begin, simply enter AirMax2’s IP address (default is 192.168.1.1) on the web
browser. The default username is “admin” and password is “airlive”.
3. Configuring the AirMax2
21 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
Secured Web Management (HTTPS): HTTPS is also using web browser for
configuration. But all the data transactions are securely encrypted using SSL
encryption. Therefore, it is a safe and easy way to manage your AirMax2. We
highly recommend WISP and service provider to use HTTPS for management.
To begin, simply enter https://192.168.1.1 on your web browser. A security alert
screen from your browser will pop up. Please grant all permission and get certificate
to AirMax2. After you pass the security warning screen, you will enter the secured
web management interface. The default username is “admin” and password is
“airlive”.
Command Line Interface (Telnet): AirMax2 can be managed through the
command line interface (CLI). It is possible to write a text script file, and then paste
it into the CLI to execute several commands at once. However, Telnet does not
encrypt its message. Therefore, it is not secure. The default Telnet management
port is TCP port 23.
To use the CLI, please open the command line window. Then type “telnet
192.168.1.1” to start.
When asked for password, please enter “airlive”.
3. Configuring the AirMax2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 22
Secure Shell (SSH, SSH2): SSH is an encrypted Command Line Interface that
allow user to send text commands through SSL encryption. Therefore, it provides
the added advantage of security comparing to Telnet. As with Telnet, the SSH and
SSH2 provide the possibility to write a text script and paste into the CLI interface for
multiple command execution. It also makes configuration change across many
AirMax2s easier. The default management port for SSH/SSH2 is TCP/UDP port
22.
To manage via the SSH/SSH2 protocol, you would need a SSH client. Free SSH
clients are widely available on the Internet. You can find where to download them
by using Internet search engine such as Google. In this guide, we will use a
popular SSH/Telnet utility called “Putty”.
Once you have download and install Putty. Please follow the figure below to make
a connection with AirMax2:
1. Choose “SSH” as indicated in the diagram
2. Enter the IP address of AirMax2
3. Click on “Open” to start the SSH session.
When the following screen appear, click on “Yes” to continue
1
2
3. Configuring the AirMax2
23 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
When asked for username, please enter “admin”. When asked for password,
please enter “airlive” as factory default. This password will change when you
change the password.
3.4 Introduction to Web Management
The AirMax2 offers both normal (http) and secured (https) Web Management interfaces.
Their share the same interface and functions, and they can both be accessed through web
browsers. The only difference is HTTPS are encrypted for extra security. Therefore, we
will discuss them together as “Web Management” on this guide.
If you are placing the AirMax2 behind router or firewall, you might need to open virtual
server ports to AirMax2 on your firewall/router
HTTP: TCP Port 80
HTTPS: TCP/UDP Port 443
This procedure is not necessary in most cases unless there is a router/firewall between
your PC and AirMax2.
3. Configuring the AirMax2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 24
3.4.1 Main Menu
After key in the correct username and password, you will enter the main Web management
screen.
Wireless Settings: You will find all the settings for wireless and WAN settings in
this page. The AirMax2’s wireless settings are different between wireless modes.
Only functions that are applicable to the wireless mode will show to simplify
configuration. For example, WAN Port is only displayed in WISP Router and AP
Router modes.
Wireless Mode: On the left hand side bar, you will find the “Wireless Mode” pull
down menu. The menu will display what is the current wireless mode. You can
change mode by the pull down menu. The AP will ask you to confirm for the mode
change and reboot to the new wireless mode.
System Configuration: All non-wireless and router mode settings are in this
category. The system configurations including changing password, upload
firmware, backup configuration, settings PING watchdog, and setting management
interface.
Device Status: This section for monitoring the status of AirMax2. It provides
information on device status, Ethernet status, wireless status, wireless client table,
and system log.
Reboot: Please remember to save changes and reboot after you finish all settings.
The changes will take effect only after reboot.
Language Bar: You can select different language for the web management
interface here.
Wireless Modes
Lan
g
ua
g
e Ba
r
3. Configuring the AirMax2
25 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
3.5 Initial Configurations
We recommend users to browse through AirMax2’s web management interface to get an
overall picture of the functions and interface. Below are the recommended initial
configurations for first time login:
3.5.1 Changing the Regulatory Domain
The Regulatory Domain decides what channels and Tx output power levels are available
for your country. In most cases, the Regulatory Domain is already selected correctly for
your country. Please note that using the wrong Regulatory Domain is strictly prohibited.
If you live inside EU, you must use the ETSI Regulatory Domain. If you live in United
States, you must use FCC domain.
The AirMax2 is available with the following Regulatory Domain:
Regulatory Domain Available Channels Maximum Tx Output Power
ETSI (Europe) 1 ~13 20dBm
FCC (United States) 1~11 23dBm
South America(11 CH) 1~11 26dBm
South America(14 CH) 1~14 26dBm
To change Regulatory Domain, please go to the “Wireless Settings” page.
3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address
The default IP address is at 192.168.1.1. You should change it to the same subnet as
your network. Also, if you want to manage AirMax2 remotely, you have to set the
Gateway and DNS server information.
3. Configuring the AirMax2
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 26
To setup the IP settings for AirMax2, please select “System Configuration” -> Device IP
Settings”. After entering the IP information, click on “Apply Changes” to finish.
3.5.3 Set the Time and Date
It is important that you set the date and time for your AirMax2 so that the system log will
record the correct date and time information. Please go to “System Configuration”
->Time Settings. We recommend you choose “Enable NTP” so the time will be keep
even after reboot. If your AirMax2 is not connected to Internet, please enter the time
manually. Please remember to select your local time zone and click “Apply” to finish.
1
2
5 4
3
2
1
6
3. Configuring the AirMax2
27 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
3.5.4 Enable/Disable Telnet and SSH Management
The Telnet and SSH management interface are turned off by default. If you wish to use
them, please go to the “System Configuration -> System Management” menu. Check
“Telnet” or “SSH”, then click on “Apply Change” button.
3.5.5 Change Password
You should change the password for AirMax2 at the first login. To change password,
please go to “System Configuration” -> “Password Settings” menu.
4. Wireless Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 28
In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings in web management interface.
Please be sure to read through Chapter1’s Wireless Operation Mode and Chapter 3’s
“Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial Configurations” first.
Although router mode settings (WAN port, Virtual Server…etc) are part of the wireless
settings menu, they will be explained in Chapter 5.
4.1 About Wireless Modes
The AirMax2 has total of 9 operation modes to suit different application requirements. In
this section, we will explain how to change between wireless operation modes. For
explanation on each different operation mode, please read Chapter 1 section 1.4 first.
Below is the summary table for different wireless modes:
AirMax2WirelessOperationMode
Wireless Mode Radio WAN Application
Access Point AP None Hotspot (Indoor and Outdoor)
Client Client None WISP Client
WISP Router Client Wireless WISP Client Router
Bridge Bridge None Building to Building network
WDS Repeater AP + Client None Extend distance of another WDS
AP/Router
Universal Repeater AP + Client None Extend distance of any AP Router
WISP + Repeater AP + Client Wireless WISP 2-Way CPE (One radio only)
AP Router AP LAN Port Broadband Sharing
WDS Station Bridge None Bridge with SSID
To change between different wireless mode, please to go the “Wireless Settings” menu, on
the left hand side bar, you will see the “Wireless Mode” pull down menu which displays the
current operation mode.
4 4. Wireless Settings
4. Wireless Settings
29 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
To change wireless mode, please select the new wireless mode from the pulldown menu.
The AirMax2 will ask you to confirm about the mode change. After your confirmation, the
AP will reboot itself to the new mode.
Wireless Modes
The AirMax2 only have one LAN port. After you change to the “AP
Router” mode, the LAN port will become WAN port. And the IP
address will be chan
g
ed to 192.168.2.1.
4. Wireless Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 30
4.2 General Wireless Functions
This section will explain the general wireless functions. Not all functions are available in
every wireless mode. Please refer to the web interface what is available of each mode.
When you select “Wireless Settings” on the top menu; the following screen will appear:
4.2.1 Regulatory Domain
Wireless Settings -> Regulatory Domain
The Regulatory Domain decides what channels and Tx output power levels are available
for your country. In most cases, the Regulatory Domain is already selected correctly for
your country. Please note that using the wrong Regulatory Domain is strictly prohibited.
If you live inside EU, you must use the ETSI Regulatory Domain. If you live in United
States, you must use FCC domain.
4. Wireless Settings
31 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
The AirMax2 is available with the following Regulatory Domain:
Regulatory Domain Available Channels Maximum Tx Output Power
ETSI (Europe) 1 ~13 20dBm
FCC (United States) 1~11 23dBm
South America(11 CH) 1~11 26dBm
South America(14 CH) 1~14 26dBm
4.2.2 Network SSID
Wireless Settings -> Network SSID
The SSID is the network name used to identify a wireless network. The SSID must be the
same for all devices in the same wireless network. The SSID length is up to 32 characters.
The default SSID is “airlive”.
4.2.3 Site Survey
Wireless Settings -> Site Survey
You can scan for wireless networks around your location using the Site Survey function.
From the site survey function, you can also perform antenna alignment and establish
wireless connection
When you click on Site Survey, the following screen will appear. It might take awhile
depending on number of available APs in the area.
d
Click here to select
SSID for Association
or Signal Survey
To connect with the
selected SSID. This
function is available only
in Client, WISP Router,
and Repeater modes
only.
For antenna
alignment. It will
display and update
the Signal Strength
continuously
4. Wireless Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 32
4.2.4 Signal Survey
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey -> Signal Survey
The Signal Survey will continuously display the SIGNAL STRENGTH value of the selected
SSID for antenna alignment purpose. To use Signal Survey function, please enter the
“Site Survey” function first; please refer to the instruction in the above section. Once you
select the ESSID and click on the “Signal Survey” button, the following screen will appear.
BSSID: This is the remote AP’s MAC address.
Channel: The current scanned channel
Signal Strength: This is signal strength number in percentage in 0 to 100 scale.
The higher the number, the better signal.
4.2.5 Hide SSID
Wireless Settings -> Hide SSID
When this function is enabled, the wireless network will become invisible. Only people
who know the SSID name can join the network. It is recommended to use this feature to
protect the network from intruders. However, once this function is enabled, it might be
necessary to configure the wireless connection manually. This option is available in AP
mode, AP Router mode, and Repeater modes only.
4.2.6 Radio Mode
Wireless Settings -> Radio Mode
AirMax2 has 3 different options for WLAN transmission. All devices in the same network
should use the same WLAN mode.
• 802.11g/b: The radio will auto adjust between 11g and 11b mode. It is
recommended to use this mode.
• 802.11g Only: The radio will only connect at 11g mode.
• 802.11b Only: The radio will only connect at 11b mode.
4. Wireless Settings
33 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
4.2.7 Channel
Wireless Settings -> Channel
The channel is the frequency range used by radio. In 802.11g/b standard, there are
maximum of 14 Channels. However, the available channels in each country are
dependant on the local regulation. If you are living in Europe, you can use channel 1 to 13.
If you are living in the United States, you can use channel 1 to 11.
Each wireless channel takes between 22 to 25MHz of frequency width. But the channels
are only 5MHz apart. Therefore, only every 5 channels can be free of interference with
each other. It is recommended that you can do a site survey to find about what channels
are used by surrounding AP and choose a channel that is not used by other APs.
Channel Frequency (MHz) U.S.A. Europe
1 2412 O O
2 2417 O O
3 2422 O O
4 2427 O O
5 2432 O O
6 2437 O O
7 2442 O O
8 2447 O O
9 2452 O O
10 2457 O O
11 2462 O O
12 2467 - O
13 2472 - O
14 2484 - -
4.2.8 Client Mode Security Settings
Wireless Settings -> Security Settings
Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data
encryption. The AIRMAX2 features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,
WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal , WPA Mixed.
4. Wireless Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 34
WEP
WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also
the least secure.
Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys
for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All
wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We
recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and
Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.
Key Length: The AIRMAX2 offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The
longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII
code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.
“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.
ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”
HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”
ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”
HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26
4. Wireless Settings
35 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
“1234567890abcdef1234567890”
WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA-AUTO
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
that provides added security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the
CCMP (AES Encryption). The WPA Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using
both WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK.
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX
format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.
Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
4.2.9 AP Mode Security Settings
Wireless Settings -> Security Settings
Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data
encryption. The AIRMAX2 features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,
WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal, WPA Mixed.
WEP
WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also
the least secure.
4. Wireless Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 36
Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys
for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All
wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We
recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and
Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.
Key Length: The AIRMAX2 offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The
longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII
code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.
“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.
ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”
HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”
ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”
HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
“1234567890abcdef1234567890”
4. Wireless Settings
37 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
WPA-Personal, WPA2-Personal, WPA-Mixed (Pre-Shared Key)
The WPA Personal is also known as “WPA-PSK” encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access
(WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) that provides added
security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption).
The WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK.
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX
format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.
Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
WPA-Enterprise, WPA2-Enterprise, WPA-Mixed Enterprise (Radius)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Enterprise uses Radius Server as the authenticator.
WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption). The
WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA or WPA2.
4. Wireless Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 38
4.2.10 Client Isolation
Wireless Settings -> Client Isolation
The default setting is “Disable”. When enabled, the wireless clients will not be able to
communicate with each other. This feature is useful for public WiFi, WISP operators, and
Hotspot operators.
4.2.11 Data Rate
Wireless Settings -> Data Rate
Data Rate is the physical speed of transmission. The default setting is Auto. In “Auto”
mode, the data rate will adjust according to the connection condition. It is advised to put
the data rate in Auto.
However, you can also force the radio to operate at specific data rate. The highest for
11g/b and 11g Radio mode is 54Mbps.
4.2.12 Tx Output Power
Wireless Settings -> Tx Output Power
You can adjust the transmit output power of the AirMax2’s radio. The higher the output
power, the more distance AirMax2 can deliver. However, it is advised that you use just
enough output power so it will not create excessive interference for the environment. Also,
using too much power at close distance can create serious performance drop due to signal
distortion.
If you are not getting good signal, you can try to increase the output power. However; if
your signal appear to be strong but the performance is low., it is advised to reduce the
output power.
Please make sure not to exceed the legal limit of output power in your country. For EU, it
is limited to 20dBm. For U.S.A., the limit is 23dBm.
4. Wireless Settings
39 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
4.2.13 Clear Signal Technology
Wireless Settings -> ClearSignal Technology
The default setting is “Off”. ClearSignal Technology uses the combination of sensitivity
adjustment and hardware filtering to reduce the effect of interference. If you are
experiencing unstable performance caused by interference, please try to turn on this setting.
However, turn on this function will also reduce the radio’s sensitivity. Therefore, it is
advised only in heavy interference condition.
4.2.14 Antenna Select
Wireless Settings -> Antenna Select
You can choose to use the built-in Internal Antenna or external antenna through this setting.
Please remember to reboot the AP after “Apply Changes” to take effect.
4.2.15 Auto Clone MAC (Client Mode Only)
Wireless Settings -> Auto Clone MAC
When this function is selected, the AirMax2(in client mode) will use MAC address of the first
PC that went through the LAN port as the wireless MAC address.
4.2.16 Manual MAC Clone (Client Mode Only)
Wireless Settings -> Manual MAC Clone
If you wish to change the wireless MAC address of the AirMax2 manually, please enter the
MAC address here.
4.2.17 Access Control
Wireless Settings -> Access Control
The AIRMAX2 allows you to define a list of MAC addresses that are allowed or denied to
access the wireless network. This function is available only for Access Point and AP
Router modes. This function is available only for Access Point and Gateway modes.
through this setting.
4. Wireless Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 40
Disable: When selected, no MAC address filtering will be performed.
Allow list: When selected, data traffic from only the specified devices in the
table will be allowed in the network.
Deny list: When selected, data traffic from the devices specified in the table
will be denied/discarded by the network.
4.3 LED Threshold
Wireless Settings -> LED Threshold
This function is available only for Client, Bridge, and WISP Router mode.
The AirMax2 is equipped with 2 LEDs on the Left side of the housing to indicate the signal
strength of current connection. It is very useful in helping you to align the antenna. The
signal level are classified into 4 levels, you can change the Thresholds (dividing line)
between levels in this setting. The unit for Signal Strength is in Percentage from 0 to 100.
The higher.the value, the stronger the signal.
No Signal: When signal strength is less than “Weak Signal Threshold”(for
example, 20%) . Both LED are off.
Weak Signal: When signal strength is greater or equal than the “Weak Signal
Threshold”(for example 35%). Only the Blue LED is on.
Strong Signal: When signal strength is greater or equal than the “Strong Signal
Threshold”(for example 60%). Only the Green LED is on.
Full Signal: When signal strength is greater or equal than the “Full Signal
Threshold”(for example 75%). Both Green and Blue LEDs are on
4. Wireless Settings
41 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
The Signal LEDs are working only when the connection is
established. Therefore, please make sure all wireless settings are
correct and the connection is established.
4.4 Advance Settings
Alias Name: This function is available only for AP and AP Router mode. You can
define the name of the AP in this field.
Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation
threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of
4. Wireless Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 42
256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate,
you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold.
RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for
transmission. Any unicast (data or control) frames larger than specified RTS threshold
must be transmitted following the RTS/CTS handshake exchange mechanism. The
RTS threshold should have a value between 256-2347 bytes, with a default of 2347. It
is recommended that this value does not deviate from the default too much.
Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its
existence. The beacon Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in
time unit of milliseconds. The default value is 100, and a valid value should be between
1 and 65,535.
Inactivity Time: The wireless client will be dropped from the network when they are
inactive for this amount of time.
AckTimeOut: When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will
waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only
wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. In most
conditions, please put ACKtimeout value at zero(default value). The AP will calculate
the ACKtimeout automatically when the value is zero. However, you can also enter
the ACKtimeout manually.
Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize
the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy"
network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short
Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum
performance is desired. If in a "noisy" network environment, the performance will be
decreased.
IAPP: IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol) is designed for the enforcement of unique
association throughout a ESS (Extended Service Set) and a secure exchange of
station’s security context between current access point (AP) and new AP during
handoff period.
BG Protection: The 802.11g standard includes a protection mechanism to ensure
mixed 802.11b and 802.11g operation. If there is no such kind of mechanism exists, the
two kinds of standards may mutually interfere and decrease network’s performance..
4. Wireless Settings
43 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
4.5 Bridge Mode Settings
4.5.1 WDS Settings
For Bridge network, it is required to enter the Wireless MAC address of all remote
bridges that is connect directly to your AirMax2. The wireless MAC address is also
known as BSSID that is display on your site survey result.
MAC Address: Please enter the Wireless MAC address or BSSID of the remote
Bridge. You can usually find it at remote Bridge’s device label.
Comment: If you input anything that will help remind you about which remote
Bridge it is.
4.5.2 WDS Security
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings
Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data
encryption. AirMax2 features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA, WPA
Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal , WPA Mixed.
WEP
WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also
the least secure.
4. Wireless Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 44
Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys
for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All
wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We
recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and
Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.
Key Length: The AIRMAX2 offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The
longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII
code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.
“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.
ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”
HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”
ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”
HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
“1234567890abcdef1234567890”
4. Wireless Settings
45 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
that provides added security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the
CCMP (AES Encryption). The WPA Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using
both WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK.
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX
format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.
Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
5. Router Mode Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 46
In this chapter, we will explain about Route mode settings in web management interface.
The Router mode settings are available in WISP Router, AP Router, and WISP+Repeater
mode. Please be sure to read through Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management”
and “Initial Configurations” first. .
5.1 Router Mode Settings under Wireless Menu
When you choose AP Router, WISP Router, or WISP+Universal modes; the Wireless
Setting page will feature router mode functions as indicated on the image below.
5 5. Wireless Menu: Router
Mode Settings
5. Router Mode Settings
47 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
5.1.1 WAN Port
Operation Mode -> Setup -> WAN Port
The AIRMAX2 support different authentication and IP assignment standards for the WAN
port. It includes fixed IP, DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP, L2TP, and Big Pond protocols. Please
consult with your ISP about what authentication type is used for the WAN port connection.
Clone MAC Address: In this place, you can assign a MAC address for the WAN
port. In case of WISP mode, it is Radio1’s MAC address. For Gatway mode, it
is the WAN/LAN1 MAC address.
Enable UPnP: Check this field will enable Universal Plug n Play protocol
Enable Web Server Access on WAN: Check this field will enable remote
management from WAN side.
5.1.2 Virtual Server Settings
Virtual server allows you to specify one or more applications running on server computers
on the LAN that may be accessed by any Internet user. Internet data destined for the
specified public port will be directed to the specified private port number on the LAN client
with the specified private IP address.
If you want to allow your web server, ftp server, or email server to be accessible from
Internet, you would need to open specific port on the virtual server to your local IP address.
5. Router Mode Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 48
For a list of most frequent used TCP and UDP ports. Please visit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
5.1.2 DMZ
Advanced Settings >> Multiple DMZ
DMZ opens all TCP/UDP ports to particular IP address on the LAN side. It allows setting
up servers behind the AIRMAX2.
5.1.3 Dynamic DNS
Dynamic Domain Name System. An algorithm that allows the use of dynamic IP address
for hosting Internet Server. A DDNS service provides each user account with a domain
name. The AIRMAX2 support “Dyndns” and “TZO” service.
5. Router Mode Settings
49 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
5.1.4 DoS (Denial of Service)
Denial of Service is a type of network attack that floods the network with useless traffic.
Many DoS attacks, such as the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, exploit limitations in
the TCP/IP protocols.
5. Router Mode Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 50
5.1.5 URL Filter
The AIRMAX2 provide URL filter function to stop access to certain website. It is especially
useful for parents to stop children from accessing some websites.
5.1.6 MAC Filter
MAC filter can filter out traffic from certain MAC addresses. It can prevent access to
internet from certain station in the local LAN.
5.1.7 IP Filter
IP filtering allows you to block certain IP addresses from accessing the network.
5. Router Mode Settings
51 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
5.1.8 Special Applications
This function enables special Internet audio, video, or game servers that require “Port
Trigger” function.
5.1.9 Diagnostic (DNS Lookup)
The DNS Lookup can look up for information about a domain name. It will display the IP
address and DNS server of a specific domain.
5. Router Mode Settings
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 52
5.1.10 PING
The PING function allow you to test whether a remote IP address is accessible from the
AirMax2. You can enter either IP address or Domain Name in the foeld.
5.1.11 Remote Management
You can enable the web management to allow the AirMax2 be managed from internet.
You can change the management port number and/or enable the SSH access from WAN.
6. System Configurations
53 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
In this chapter, we will explain about System Configurations in web management interface.
Please be sure to read through Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial
Configurations” first. .
6.1 Menu Structure
When you click on the “System Configuration” menu on the top menu bar, the following
screen will appear. The system configuration includes all non-wireless settings. We will
explain their functions here.
6.2 LAN Interface Setup
System Configurations>> LAN Interface Setup
This menu is where you can configuration all the aspect about LAN interface including IP
address, DHCP server settings..etc.
6 6. System Configurations
6. System Configurations
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 54
6.2.1 DHCP Settings
DHCP Service: You can enable or disable DHCP server here.
z Disable: Disable DHCP server
z Client: The LAN interface will get IP address from DHCP server
z Server(default); The AIRMAX2 will act as DHCP server to provide IP
addresses to the clients on the LAN/Wireless interface. By default, the
DHCP server is on.
z DCHP Relay Agent: This function should be chosen in Universal
Repeater mode in order to assign IP address from remote DHCP server.
DHCP Client Range: You can define the IP pool from which the DHCP clients can
get IP address.. Click on “Show Clients” to see the current DHCP client table.
DHCP Release Time: You can define how long the AIRMAX2 will reserve IP
address for a particular PC or Device here.
6.2.2 Clone MAC Address
You can change the MAC address of your LAN port to other value here.
6.2.3 Disable PING
If you do not wish the AIRMAX2 to respond to remote PING command, please disable
it here.
Device IP
Settings
DHCP
Settings
6. System Configurations
55 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
6.2.4 Add DHCP Static Lease Client
If you want to lock IP address to a MAC address, you should add DHCP clients to the
“Static Lease Client”. Up to 40 entries can be entered. Below is the procedure for adding
an entry:
1. Enter the MAC address of the device
2. Enter the IP address of the device
3. Click on the “Add” button
6.3 Time Settings
System Configuration ->Time Settings
You can set the NTP Time Server for your AIRMAX2’s internal clock here. You can use
NTP server function so your AIRMAX2 will check with NTP to set time automatically upon
each startup. Thus, it prevents the clock losing track of time during reboot or power
outage.
Below is the procedure to set your NTP server
1. Check the “Enable NTP Client Update”
6. System Configurations
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 56
2. Select your time Zone
3. Select your NTP server
4. Click on “Apply Change”
6.4 Password Settings
System Configuration -> Password Settings
The AIRMAX2’s password protection is turned off by default. To enable password
protection or change password, just enter your username and password, and click on
“Apply Change” button.
6.5 System Management
System Configuration -> System Management
In this page, administrator can change the management parameters and disable/enable
management interface.
CLI (Command Line Interface):
You can enable or disable Telnet and SSH management interface from here.
6. System Configurations
57 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
Public Key Upload: You can upload your public for the SSH authentication here.
6.6 Watchdog
System Configuration -> Watchdog
The Ping Watchdog will ping remote IP addresses to make sure the wireless connection is
active, if not, it can either reconnect or reboot. To prevent the AP from power recycling,
the PING watchdog will start 10 minutes after power up to prevent power recycle problem.
Watch Interval: means: "How often the CPE will PING". For example, it will PING
once every "1" minute.
Watch Host: This is the IP address for which the Watchdog will ping.
6.7 Firmware Upgrade
System Configuration -> Firmware Upgrade
You can upgrade the firmware of your AIRMAX2 (the software that controls your
AIRMAX2’s operation). Normally, this is done when a new version of firmware offers new
features that you want, or solves problems that you have encountered with the current
version.
6. System Configurations
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 58
Upgrade Firmware:
To update the AIRMAX2 firmware, first download the firmware from AirLive web site to
your local disk. Then from the above screen enter the path and filename of the
firmware file (or click Browse to locate the firmware file). Next, Click the Upgrade
button to start.
Please make sure to check the “Keep Settings” box if you want the settings to be
kept after firmware upgrade.
The new firmware will be loaded to your AIRMAX2. After a message appears telling
you that the operation is completed, you need to reset the system to have the new
firmware take effect.
Do not power off the device while upgrading the firmware.
It is recommended that you do not upgrade your AIRMAX2 unless the
new firmware has new features you need or if it has a fix to a problem
that you’ve encountered.
6.8 Configuration Save and Restore
System Configuration -> Configuration Save and Restore
The AIRMAX2 can save and restore the settings to a file. In addition, it has the unique
capability to restore only the network or wireless settings. This makes changes of wireless
settings across the entire network of AP much easier.
You can save system configuration settings to a file, and later download it back to the
AIRMAX2 by following the steps.
Step 1 Select Configuration Save and Restore from the System Configurations menu.
Step 2 Click on “Save to” and Enter the path of the configuration file to save-to.
Restore Setting:
6. System Configurations
59 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
Step1: Enter the file name in the “Load Settings from File” field. Or click on “Browse”
button to location the location of the file.
Step2: Click on “Upload” button to restore settings.
6.9 Factory Default
System Configuration -> Factory Default
You can reset the configuration of your AIRMAX2 to the factory default settings.
7. Device Status Menu
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 60
In this chapter, we will explain the “Device Status” menu in the web management interface.
Before you read this chapter, please make sure to read through chapter 3 on “Introduction
to Web Management Interface.
7.1 Menu Structure
When you click on the “Device Status” on the top menu bar, the sub menu for device status
will appear.
7.2 Device Information
This page shows the general information about AIRMAX2 such as Uptime, Firmware
version, Wireless Interface…etc. Below are some additional explanations on some status
information of this page:
Uptime: This displays the time since system last boot up. This is a good indication
for how long the system has been alive.
Firmware version: This place will display the current firmware version of your
AirMax2. In general, AirLive will refer to its firmware as exx (such as e10) version on
the release note
Wireless : This page displays the current settings and status of the radio. It includes
the BSSID and connection status. The BSSID is also the wireless MAC address that
is needed for the WDS entry.
7 7. Device Status Menu
7. Device Status Menu
61 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
LAN Configuration. This page displays the status of the LAN port such as MAC
address, DHCP status.
Internet Configuration: Internet configuration tells you the current status of WAN
port such as IP address, WAN Type and connection status.
7.3 Statistic
This page shows the sent and received packet information for Radio1, Radio2, LAN, and
WAN interface.
7. Device Status Menu
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 62
7.4 Client Table
It will show all wireless device connected to the AIRMAX2. It will show the packet sent
and received. Whether the wireless client is using power saving mode and the signal
strength level(in percentage from 0 to 100).
7.5 Log
The log function is where you can check for error messages for diagnostic purpose.
Enable Log: Check this box to enable log function.
System All: register all logs
Wireless: register wireless log only
.
8. Bandwidth Control
63 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
In this chapter, you will learn how to utilize AirMax2’s Bandwidth Control function. The
Bandwidth Control settings can be found in the “Wireless Settings” page on the AirMax2’s
web management.
8.1 What is Bandwidth Control?
Bandwidth Control is a great tool to control the bandwidth of the WISP subscribers.
Therefore, the WISP operators can offer different class of connection speeds for different
subscription fees - just like the ADSL service! The AirLive advance firmware can control
the bandwidth by Interface or IP/MAC.
8.2 Type of Bandwidth Control
AirMax2’s Bandwidth Control function limits the “Maximum Data Rate”. There are 2 types of
Bandwidth Control it offers.
8.2.1 Interface Control
The interface QoS controls the data rate at the WLAN and LAN interfaces. Therefore, all
traffics are controlled the same way. This type of Bandwidth Control is suitable when AP is
used as a Client AP in “Client Mode” and WISP mode. So WISP can control the maximum
8 8. Bandwidth Control
8. Bandwidth Control
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 64
data rate
8.2.2 Individual IP/MAC Control
The AP can set the maximum data rate for each IP or MAC addresses. This type of
Bandwidth Control is most suitable for outdoor AP in “AP” or “Gateway” mode.
8.3 What is “Out Rate”?
The “Output Rate” is the data speed out of an interface. There are 3 types Output Rate
supported by the AP
1. LAN Output Rate: This is the speed of the traffic out of the LAN port. In gateway mode,
the LAN Output Rate includes both the wired LAN and WLAN interface.
2. WLAN Output Rate: This is the speed of the traffic out of the Wireless LAN
3. WAN Output Rate: This is the speed of the traffic out of the WAN port. In WISP mode,
the WAN Output Rate also includes the WLAN interface.
8. Bandwidth Control
65 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
The AP’s Web UI will tell you which types of output rate it supports, it differs in each
wireless mode.
In the below Diagram:
z The AP is in Gateway Mode
z The WAN Output Rate is 128K
z The LAN/WLAN Output Rate is 1024K
In this setup, the notebook users get an upstream bandwidth of 128K and downstream
bandwidth of 1024K.
8.4 Configure the Bandwidth Control
From the Wireless Setting page, please choose the “Bandwidth Control”
8. Bandwidth Control
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 66
Once you click on the “setup” button, a new window will pop-up with the Bandwidth Control
settings. They are divided into “A”, “B”, “C”, “D” section for further explanations.
This section is the “Interface
Control” session. You must
disable the “interface Bandwidth
Control” if you want to use the
“IP/MAC Bandwidth Control”
This section is for defining the
“Policy” of “Individual IP/MAC
Bandwidth Control”. Once a
policy is defined, it can be
chosen as template in IP/MAC
Bandwidth Control Settin
g
s
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
This section is to configure the
bandwidth by IP address. You
can control more than one IP
address.
4
4
4
This section is to configure the
bandwidth by MAC address.
You can control more than one
MAC address.
8. Bandwidth Control
67 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
8.4.1 Interface Control Settings
In the Interface Control Settings, the AP only controls the total bandwidth limit of an
interface. For example, if you want to limit the output data rate of the LAN to 512K and the
output data rate of WLAN to 1024K. You should perform the following steps:
1. Enable the “Interface Bandwidth Control
2. Enter “512” in the “LAN Output Rate”
3. Enter “1024” in the “WLAN Output Rate”
4. Click on “Save”
5. Reboot the AP.
8.4.2 Define Policy
A policy is a set of bandwidth rules that can be used as a template. For example, if you
want to provide 2 kinds of bandwidth speed to the users:
8. Bandwidth Control
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 68
z VIP Subscriber:
LAN Out Rate: 512 Kbps
WLAN Out Rate: 1024 Kbps
z Regular Subscriber:
LAN Out Rate: 64 Kbps
WLAN Out Rate: 512 Kbps
You can configure the bandwidth rule as policies “VIP” and “Regular”.
Please follow the step below to create a new policy “VIP”
1. Enter “VIP” for the “PolicyName”
2. Enter “512” for the “LAN Out Rate”
3. Enter “1024” for the “WLAN Out Rate”
4. Enter “VIP Subscriber” for the “Comment”
5. Click on “Save” button
6. Now the “VIP” policy will show up in the “Current Policy Table”
Once finished, the administrator will be able to choose the policy “VIP” for their IP/MAC
Bandwidth Control.
8.4.3 Control by IP Address
You can set the maximum bandwidth of a PC or a subscriber by using the IP Control.
Please follow the procedure below to setup IP Bandwidth Control
1. Please make sure the “Interface Bandwidth Control” is disabled
2. Before you start, please check the following area to see which client IPs are supported.
It differs between each mode.
8. Bandwidth Control
69 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
3. Enable the IP Control
4. If you have defined a Policy already, please choose a Policy name. The “Out Rates”
will be automatically pasted from the Policy template. You cannot change the Out
Rates if you have chosen a Policy
5. If you want to define new Data Rate, please do not choose any policies. Then you
can enter the values in the “LAN”, “WLAN”, or “WAN” Out Rates.
6. Press “Save” to save settings
7. Reboot your AP.
* If you want to control the traffic flow between the IPs in the same interface, please make
sure both IPs are configured for the IP Bandwidth Control.
8.4.4 Control by MAC Address
You can set the maximum bandwidth of a PC or a subscriber by using the MAC Control.
Please follow the procedure below to setup MAC Bandwidth Control:
1. Please make sure the “Interface Bandwidth Control” is disabled
2. Before you start, please check the following area to see which client MACs are
supported. It differs between each mode.
3. Enable the MAC Control
Please check this part to find out what IP addresses
are supported. It varies between each mode
8. Bandwidth Control
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 70
4. If you have defined a Policy already, please choose a Policy name. The “Out Rates”
will be automatically pasted from the Policy template. You cannot change the Out
Rates if you have chosen a Policy
5. If you want to define new Data Rate, please do not choose any policies. Then you can
enter the values in the “LAN”, “WLAN”, or “WAN” Out Rates.
6. Press “Save” to save settings
7. Reboot your AP.
* If you want to control the traffic flow between MAC addresses in the same interface,
please make sure both MAC addresses are configured for the MAC Bandwidth Control.
Please check this part to find out what IP addresses
are supported. It varies between each mode
9. Command Line Interface
71 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
In this chapter, we will explain commands that are available through Telnet or SSH
interface.
Before reading this chapter, please go through Section 3.3 of Chapter 3. It contains
information on how to login Telnet or SSH interface. For quick reference, the login and
password is as bellowed:
Telnet
Password: airlive
SSH
z Login: admin
z Password: airlive
9.1 Available Commands
[Mode] Wireless Mode
sys
operation <0:AP|1:Client|2:Bridge|3:
WDS Repeater|4:Universal
Repeater|5:WISP|6:WISP+U
niversal
Repeater|7:Gateway>
[Mode] Basic Settings
wlan
alias [string]
active [on|off]
chid [channel_id|auto]
essid [essid]
rssid [rssid]
band [b|g|bg]
mode
[client
<infrastructure|adhoc>]
clone [mac_addr|auto|manual]
encrypt [both|wlan|wan]
wds
peer
disp
add [mac]
delete [id]
clearall
encrypt [off]
wep [64|128] <ascii|hex>
9 9. Command Line
Interface
9. Command Line Interface
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 72
<key>
wpa [tkip|aes]
<pass|hex> <key> [gklt]
wpa2 [mixed|aes]
<pass|hex> <key> [gklt]
stp [on|off]
isolation [on|off]
wlan
alias [string]
[Mode] Site Survey
wlan
survey
connect [id]
(only support in Client,
WISP, Universal Repeater
Mode, WISP + Universal
Repeater Mode )
[Mode] Security
wlan
auth [open|share|auto]
security
encrypt [off]
wep [64|128] <ascii|hex>
<1:key1|2:key2|3:key3|4
:key4> <key>
wpa [tkip|aes]
<pass|hex> <key> [gklt]
wpa2 [mixed|aes]
<pass|hex> <key> [gklt]
1x
[off|on <port> <ip_addr>
<password> <wep
[64|128]|wpa
[tkip|aes]|wpa2
[mixed|aes]>]
preauth [on|off]
account [off|on <port> <ip_addr>
<password>]
[Mode] Advanced Settings
wlan wlan
preamble [long|short]
bssid [on|off]
iapp [on|off]
protect11g [on|off]
fragment <256~2346>
rts <0~2347>
beacon <20~1024>
inactivity <100~60480000>
datarate <0~12>
txpower <1~10>
watchdog
[off|on <interval:1~60>
<host>]
[Mode] Access Control
wlan
acl
9. Command Line Interface
73 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
disp
off
allow
deny
add [mac]
delete [id]
clearall
[Mode] Wan Port
wan
clone [mac_addr]
dns [auto|manual]
static
[ip_addr <netmask>
<gateway>]
dhcp [on|release|renew]
pppoe
<username> <password>
[svname 0|1
<service_name>]
<auth_type> <mppe>
<mtu_value> dynwan
dynpppoe [connect 0|1
<timeout>|2]
pptp
<ip [server_ip]|url
[server_url]> <username>
<password> <auth_type>
<mppe> <mtu_value>
[static <ip_addr>
<netmask>
<gateway>|dynamic]
l2tp
<ip [server_ip]|url
[server_url]> <username>
<password> <auth_type>
<mppe> <mtu_value>
[static <ip_addr>
<netmask>
<gateway>|dynamic]
<timeout>
auth_type: 0. PAP 1. CHAP 2.
MSCHAP 3. MSCHAP2
mppe: 0. none 1. 40bits 2.
56bits 3. 128bits
link [status|set <mode>]
protocol status
sys server access icmp
<0:disabled|1:enabled>
passthruvpn
ipsec
<0:disabled|1:enabled>
passthruvpn
pptp
<0:disabled|1:enabled>
passthruvpn l2tp <0:disabled|1:enabled>
[Mode] Virtual Servers
ip
nat
server
disp
9. Command Line Interface
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 74
delete [id]
clearall
add <ser_ip> <server>
[proto <from_port
[to_port]>]
server: 0. Customize 1.
Web, 2. FTP, 3. POP3, 4.
SMTP, 5. DNS, 6. Telnet
proto: 1. TCP+UDP, 2. TCP,
3. UDP
[Mode] Special Applications
ip
nat
service
disp
sap1 [on|off|clear|edit
<name> <in_proto>
<in_from_port>
<in_to_port>
<trig_proto>
<trig_from_port>
<trig_to_port>]
sap2 [on|off|clear|edit
<name> <in_proto>
<in_from_port>
<in_to_port>
<trig_proto>
<trig_from_port>
<trig_to_port>]
sap3 [on|off|clear|edit
<name> <in_proto>
<in_from_port>
<in_to_port>
<trig_proto>
<trig_from_port>
<trig_to_port>]
sap4 [on|off|clear|edit
<name> <in_proto>
<in_from_port>
<in_to_port>
<trig_proto>
<trig_from_port>
<trig_to_port>]
sap5 [on|off|clear|edit
<name> <in_proto>
<in_from_port>
<in_to_port>
<trig_proto>
<trig_from_port>
<trig_to_port>]
sap6 [on|off|clear|edit
<name> <in_proto>
<in_from_port>
<in_to_port>
<trig_proto>
9. Command Line Interface
75 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
<trig_from_port>
<trig_to_port>]
sap7 [on|off|clear|edit
<name> <in_proto>
<in_from_port>
<in_to_port>
<trig_proto>
<trig_from_port>
<trig_to_port>]
sap8 [on|off|clear|edit
<name> <in_proto>
<in_from_port>
<in_to_port>
<trig_proto>
<trig_from_port>
<trig_to_port>]
proto: 1. TCP+UDP, 2. TCP,
3. UDP
[Mode] Remote Management
sys
server access web
<0:disabled|1:enabled>
port web <portnum>
access telnet
<0:disabled|1:enabled>
[Mode] URL Filtering
ip
urlfilter
customize
disp
add [string]
delete [id]
clearall
[Mode] MAC Filtering
ip
macfilter
customize
disp
add [mac_addr]
delete [id]
clearall
[Mode] IP Filtering
ip
ipfilter
customize
disp
add [ip_addr]
<1:tcp+udp|2:tcp|3:udp>
delete [id]
clearall
[Mode] Traffic Control(Qos)
qos
disableif
enableif lanoutput [output rate]
9. Command Line Interface
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 76
wanoutput [output rate]
addpolicytab
[Policy Name][LAN Out
Rate][WAN Out
Rate][[Comment]]
disableip
enableip
addiptab
[PolicyName][IP][[Comment
]]
disablemac
enablemac
addmactab
[PolicyName][MAC][[Comme
nt]]
show policytab
iptab
mactab
delallpolicy
delallip
delallmac
delpolicy [Policy]
delip [IP]
delmac [MAC]
[Mode] DoS Setting
dos
disabledos
enabledos
enable
<clearall>[Packets/Second]
<selectall>[Packets/Second]
<sysfloodsyn>[Packets/Seco
nd]<sysfloodfin>[Packets/Se
cond]<sysfloodudp>[Packet
s/Second]<sysfloodicmp>[P
ackets/Second]<persrcipfloo
dsyn>[Packets/Second]<per
srcipfloodfin>[Packets/Secon
d]<persrcipfloodudp>[Packe
ts/Second]<persrcipfloodicm
p><tcpudpportscan
><icmpsmurf><ipland><ips
poof><ipteardrop><pingofd
eath><tcpscan><tcpsynwit
hdata><udpbomb><udpech
ochargen><srcipblocktime
>[sec]
disable
<sysfloodsyn><sysfloodfin>
<sysfloodudp><sysfloodicm
p><persrcipfloodsyn><pers
rcipfloodfin><persrcipfloodu
dp><persrcipfloodicmp><tc
pudpportscan
><icmpsmurf><ipland><ips
poof><ipteardrop><pingofd
9. Command Line Interface
77 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
eath><tcpscan><tcpsynwit
hdata><udpbomb><udpech
ochargen><srcipblocktime >
[Mode] Dynamic DNS
ddns
enabledyndns
<Domain Name><User
Name/Email><Password/Ke
y>
enabletzo
<Domain Name><User
Name/Email><Password/Ke
y>
disableddns
result
[Status] Statistics
ip
status
[Status] Active Wireless Client Table
wlan
association
[TCP/IP] LAN Interface Setup
ip address [addr]
subnetmask [netmask]
gateway [addr]
dhcp on [client|server|relay
<server_ip>]
off
client
[start_ip <end_ip>]
status
dns
server
[ip1 <ip2> <ip3>]
status
[Reboot] Reboot System
reboot
[Other] Password
sys
password [pw] (if [pw] is empty, then
clear the password)
[Other] Save / Reload Setting
save
factorydefault
[Other] NTP
sys
ntp
showcurrenttime
setcurrenttime <yyyy/mm/dd/hh/MM/ss>
enablentp
timezoneselect <zone num>
ntpserver <servernum>
manualipsetting <ip>
disablentp
[Other] System Log
sys
9. Command Line Interface
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 78
log
disable
enablesysall [showsysall]
enablewlanonly [showwlanonly]
clear
10. Emergency Firmware Recovery
79 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
The AIRMAX2 features emergency firmware upgrade function that can restore your AP
from a firmware crashed. If you can’t access your AP anymore, please first try to restore
the setting to default by holding the RESET button (in the back) for more than 10 seconds.
You should be able to find the AP at 192.168.1.1. If you can’t find it, then please perform
the emergency upgrade.
10.1 How Emergency Upgrade Works?
AIRMAX2’s flash memory is divided into “firmware” and “bootloader” area. The bootloader
area is protected from writing and has a built-in emergency web server. Therefore, the AP
can be recovered from emergency web server after a firmware crash. The emergency
web server is enabled when AP is forced into emergency upgrade mode, it’s IP will be
changed to 192.168.1.6.
10.2 Emergency Upgrade Procedure
1. Please connect your PC directly to the LAN Port of AirMax2
2. set your PC’s IP address to 192.168.1.50
3. Before connecting the power, please press and holding the “Reset” button(in the back of
the AP). Then plug in the power. Keep press and hold the Reset button until the
“Green Color” LED light on(about 2 seconds). Then release the reset button.
10 10. Emergency Firmware
Recovery
Bootloader Area
Flash Memory
Emergency
Web Server
Firmware Area
10. Emergency Firmware Recovery
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 80
Fig 1-2 : Press and hold the reset button while plugging in the power.
6. Open a browser; type “192.168.1.6” for the website address. The following screen
should show up
7. Click the “Browse” button, select and open the correct firmware file. Please go to
www.airlive.com to AIRMAX2’s support page and download.
8. Click on “UPGRADE” button. Do not touch the AP or PC until the upgrade is
completed.
9. Wait for AP to finish reboot. Open the web browser, and type “192.168.1.254”. You
should be able to login into the normal Web UI.
11. Frequent Asked Questions
81 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
In this chapter, we will address some frequent asked questions about AirMax2
Question: I forgot my password or the IP address of AirMax2.
Answer: Please restore your settings to default by press the reset button for more than
5 seconds. You should be able to find your AirMax2 at 192.168.1.1 with
default username “admin” and password “airlive”.
====================================================================
Question: Why is my settings unchanged after pressing the “Apply” button?
Answer: Please reboot your AirMax5 after all the settings are changed.
===================================================================
Question: Where can I purchase the optional metal Mounting Kit?
Answer: The part number for the mounting kit is “WMK-AIRMAX”. Please ask your
authorized AirLive distributor for availability.
====================================================================
11 11. Frequent Asked
Questions
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AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 82
====================================================================
Question: When I plug in the POE cable and power adapter, the AirMax2’s power LED is
not on?
Answer: Please make sure you have connected the PoE cable to the correct port on
the DC injector. Moreover, you should use an Ethernet cable with 4 twisted
pairs (CAT5 or better) for POE cable.
====================================================================
Question: When I use an external antenna, how much distance can the AirMax2 reach?
Answer: The distance of a wireless connection depends on many factors such as cable
loss and weather conditions. There is an online distance calculator at the
AirLive website. The distance calculated is not a guaranteed value; it is for
your reference only. If you agree with this limitation, please visit
http://www.airlive.com/support/wireless_distance_calculator.jsp
====================================================================
Question: I tried the Emergency Upgrade procedure. But it doesn’t work, why?
Answer: It is recommended to use IE6, IE8, or Firefox 3.5.4 above.
====================================================================
Question: Why can’t I receive any signal from AirMax2’s built in antenna?
Answer: The AirMax2’s built-in antenna is a patch antenna that sends and receive
signal in the forward direction of the CPE with 70 degree angle horizontal and
38 degree vertically. Please see diagram below:
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83 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
Please also make sure the antenna (Operation Mode->Setup->Advance
Settings) is not set to use external antenna.
====================================================================
Question: Where is the signal survey function that displays the Signal Strength value
continuously?
Answer: The “Signal Survey” function is inside the Site Survey function. You can
access from “Wireless Settings -> Site Survey” menu.
====================================================================
Question: When I use “Site Survey”, why does the Signal LED goes off?
Answer: When you click on the Site Survey, the AirMax2 thinks you are trying to
choose a new network to associate. Therefore, it will disconnect from
current connection and wait until you establish a new connection.
====================================================================
12. Specifications
AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 84
The specification of AirMax2 is subject to change without notice. Please use the
information with caution.
12.1 Hardware Features
12.1.1 General Hardware Feature
802.11g/b Radio
4MB Flash, 16MB SDRAM
RoHS compliant
One 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Port / PoE Port with Auto MDI/MDI-X support
12V Passive PoE
26dBm Transmit Output power (20dBm in EU)
Rain and splash proof housing
4 LED indicators with RSSI LED function
Optional Metal Wall / Pole Mount Kit
12.1.2 Antenna
Integrated 10 dBi patch directional antenna
Vertical Polarizations
R-SMA connector for external antenna
Software switchable between internal and external antenna
H-Plane Coverage Angle: 70 degree in the forward direction
E-Plane Coverage Angle: 38 degree in the forward direction
12.1.3 Power Supply
Power Adapter Voltage : input 100~240Vac/50~60Hz , output 12V/1A
Advance Passive PoE (Accept 12 volts)
POE Adapter, DC Injector provided
12 12. Specifications
8.03 dBi patch directional antenna
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85 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
12.1.4 Dimension and Weight
Dimension: 210 x 100 x 32 mm
Package Weight: 750g
12.2 Radio Specifications
12.2.1 Frequency Band
USA (FCC) 11 Channels: 2.412GHz~2.462GHz
Europe (ETSI) 13 Channels : 2.412GHz~2.472GHz
South America 14 channels: 2.412GHz~2.484GHz
12.2.3 Rate and Modulation
Data Rate : 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps
Modulation:
11g Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
11b Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (CCK, DQPSK, DBPSK)
12.2.4 TX Output Power
20dBm (ETSI: Europe)
23dBm (FCC: United States)
26dBm (South America)
12.2.5 Receiver Sensitivity
1Mbps -95
2Mbps -91
5.5Mbps -90
IEEE
802.11b Min (dBm)
11Mbps -86
6Mbps -86
9Mbps -86
IEEE
802.11g Min (dBm)
12Mbps -85
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AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual 86
18Mbps -83
24Mbps -81
36Mbps -77
48Mbps -73
54Mbps -71
12.2.6 Supported WLAN Mode
802.11g/b Auto
802.11g only
802.11b only
12.3 Software Feature
12.3.1 Operation Mode
Access Point Mode (AP mode)
Client Mode (Infrastructure and Adhoc)
WDS Bridge Mode
WDS Repeater Mode
Universal Repeater Mode
WISP Router Mode
WISP + Universal Mode
AP Router Mode
WDS Station Mode
12.3.2 Management Interface
Web HTTP
Secured Web (HTTPS)
Telnet (CLI)
SSH (Secured Shell)
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The wireless network glossary contains explanation or information about common terms
used in wireless networking products. Some of information in this glossary might be
outdated, please use with caution.
802.3ad
802.3ad is an IEEE standard for bonding or aggregating multiple Ethernet ports into one
virtual port (also known as trunking) to increase the bandwidth.
802.3af
This is the PoE (Power over Ethernet) standard by IEEE committee. 803.af uses 48V
POE standard that can deliver up to 100 meter distance over Ethernet cable.
802.11b
International standard for wireless networking that operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band
(2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz) and provides a throughput up to 11 Mbps.
802.1d STP
Spanning Tree Protocol. It is an algorithm to prevent network from forming. The STP
protocol allows net work to provide a redundant link in the event of a link failure. It is
advise to turn on this option for multi-link bridge network.
802.11d
Also known as “Global Roaming”. 802.11d is a standard for use in countries where
systems using other standards in the 802.11 family are not allowed to operate.
802.11e
The IEEE QoS standard for prioritizing traffic of the VoIP and multimedia applications.
The WMM is based on a subset of the 802.11e.
13 13. Wireless Network
Glossary
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802.11g
A standard provides a throughput up to 54 Mbps using OFDM technology. It also
operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band as 802.11b. 802.11g devices are backward
compatible with 802.11b devices.
802.11i
The IEEE standard for wireless security. 802.11i standard includes TKIP, CCMP, and
AES encryption to improve wireless security. It is also know as WPA2.
802.1x
802.1x is a security standard for wired and wireless LANs. In the 802.1x parlance, there are
usually supplicants (client), authenticator (switch or AP), and authentication server (radius
server) in the network. When a supplicants request a service, the authenticator will pass
the request and wait for the authentication server to grant access and register accounting.
The 802.1x is the most widely used method of authentication by WISP.
Adhoc
A Peer-to-Peer wireless network. An Adhoc wireless network do not use wireless AP or
router as the central hub of the network. Instead, wireless client are connected directly to
each other. The disadvantage of Adhoc network is the lack of wired interface to Internet
connections. It is not recommended for network more than 2 nodes.
Access Point (AP)
The central hub of a wireless LAN network. Access Points have one or more Ethernet
ports that can connect devices (such as Internet connection) for sharing. Multi-function
Access Point can also function as an Ethernet client, wireless bridge, or repeat signals from
other AP. Access Points typically have more wireless functions comparing to wireless
routers.
ACK Timeout
Acknowledgement Timeout Windows. When a packet is sent out from one wireless station
to the other, it will waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The
station will only wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. If the
ACK is NOT received within that timeout period then the packet will be re-transmitted
resulting in reduced throughput. If the ACK setting is too high then throughput will be lost
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due to waiting for the Ack Window to timeout on lost packets. If the ACK setting is too low
then the ACK window will have expired and the returning packet will be dropped, greatly
lowering throughput. By having the ability to adjust the ACK setting we can effectively
optimize the throughput over long distance links. This is especially true for 802.11a and
802.11g networks. Setting the correct ACK timeout value need to consider 3 factors:
distance, AP response time, and interference. The AIRMAX2 provide ACK adjustment
capability in form of either distance or direct input. When you enter the distance
parameter, the AIRMAX2 will automatically calculate the correct ACK timeout value.
Bandwidth Management (Bandwidth Control)
Bandwidth Management controls the transmission speed of a port, user, IP address, and
application. Router can use bandwidth control to limit the Internet connection speed of
individual IP or Application. It can also guarantee the speed of certain special application
or privileged IP address - a crucial feature of QoS (Quality of Service) function.
Bootloader
Bootloader is the under layering program that will start at the power-up before the device
loads firmware. It is similar to BIOS on a personal computer. When a firmware crashed,
you might be able to recover your device from bootloader.
Bridge
A product that connects 2 different networks that uses the same protocol. Wireless
bridges are commonly used to link network across remote buildings. For wireless
application, there are 2 types of Bridges. WDS Bridge can be used in Point-to-Point or
Point-to-Multipoint topology. Bridge Infrastructure works with AP mode to form a star
topology.
Cable and Connector Loss: During wireless design and deployment, it is important to
factor in the cable and connector loss. Cable and connector loss will reduce the output
power and receiver sensitivity of the radio at connector end. The longer the cable length is,
the more the cable loss. Cable loss should be subtracted from the total output power
during distance calculation. For example, if the cable and connector loss is 3dBm and the
output power is 20dBm; the output power at the cable end is only 17dBm.
Client
Client means a network device or utility that receives service from host or server. A client
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device means end user device such as wireless cards or wireless CPE.
CPE Devices
CPE stands for Customer Premises Equipment. A CPE is a device installed on the end
user's side to receive network services. For example, on an ADSL network, the ADSL
modem/router on the subscriber's home is the CPE device. Wireless CPE means a
complete Wireless (usually an AP with built-in Antenna) that receive wireless broadband
access from the WISP. The opposite of CPE is CO.
CTS
Clear To Send. A signal sent by a device to indicate that it is ready to receive data.
DDNS
Dynamic Domain Name System. An algorithm that allows the use of dynamic IP address
for hosting Internet Server. A DDNS service provides each user account with a domain
name. A router with DDNS capability has a built-in DDNS client that updates the IP
address information to DDNS service provider whenever there is a change. Therefore,
users can build website or other Internet servers even if they don't have fixed IP
connection.
DHCP
Dynamic Hosting Configuration Protocol. A protocol that enables a server to dynamically
assign IP addresses. When DHCP is used, whenever a computer logs onto the network, it
automatically gets an IP address assigned to it by DHCP server. A DHCP server can
either be a designated PC on the network or another network device, such as a router.
DMZ
Demilitarized Zone. When a router opens a DMZ port to an internal network device, it opens
all the TCP/UDP service ports to this particular device. The feature is used commonly for
setting up H.323 VoIP or Multi-Media servers.
DNS
A program that translates URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database maintained on a
collection of Internet servers.
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Domain Name
The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have 2 or more
parts, separated by dots. In www.airlive.com, the "airlive.com" is the doman name.
DoS Attack
Denial of Service. A type of network attack that floods the network with useless traffic.
Many DoS attacks, such as the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, exploit limitations in
the TCP/IP protocols.
Encryption
Encoding data to prevent it from being read by unauthorized people. The common
wireless encryption schemes are WEP, WPA, and WPA2.
ESSID (SSID)
The identification name of an 802.11 wireless network. Since wireless network has no
physical boundary liked wired Ethernet network, wireless LAN needs an identifier to
distinguish one network from the other. Wireless clients must know the SSID in order to
associate with a WLAN network. Hide SSID feature disable SSID broadcast,
so users must know the correct SSID in order to join a wireless network.
Firewall
A system that secures a network and prevents access by unauthorized users. Firewalls can
be software, router, or gateway. Firewalls can prevent unrestricted access into a network,
as well as restricting data from flowing out of a network.
Firmware
The program that runs inside embedded device such as router or AP. Many network
devices are firmware upgradeable through web interface or utility program.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. A standard protocol for sending files between computers over a
TCP/IP network and the Internet.
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Fragment Threshold
Frame Size larger than this will be divided into smaller fragment. If there are interferences
in your area, lower this value can improve the performance. If there are not, keep this
parameter at higher value. The default size is 2346. You can try 1500, 1000, or 500
when there are interference around your network.
Gateway
In the global Internet network, the gateways are core routers that connect networks in
different IP subnet together. In a LAN environment with an IP sharing router, the gateway
is the router. In an office environment, gateway typically is a multi-function device that
integrates NAT, firewall, bandwidth management, and other security functions.
Hotspot
A place where you can access Wi-Fi service. The term hotspot has two meanings in
wireless deployment. One is the wireless infrastructure deployment, the other is the
Internet access billing system. In a hotspot system, a service provider typically need an
authentication and account system for billing purposes, and a wireless AP network to
provide access for customers.
IGMP Snooping
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a Layer 3 protocol to report IP multicast
memberships to neighboring multicast switches and routers. IGMP snooping is a feature
that allows an Ethernet switch to "listen in" on the IGMP conversation between hosts and
routers. A switch support IGMP snooping has the possibility to avoid multicast traffic being
treated as broadcast traffic; therefore, reducing the overall traffic on the network.
Infrastructure Mode
A wireless network that is built around one or more access points to provide wireless clients
access to wired LAN / Internet service. The opposite of Infrastructure mode is Adhoc
mode.
IP address
IP (Internet Protocol) is a layer-3 network protocol that is the basis of all Internet
communication. An IP address is 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of
information that is sent across the Internet. An IP address has two parts: an identifier of a
particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device (which can be a
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server or a workstation) within that network. The new IPv6 specification supports 128-bit
IP address format.
IPsec
IP Security. A set of protocols developed by the IETF to support secure exchange of
packets at the IP layer. IPsec has been deployed widely to implement Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs). IPsec supports two encryption modes: Transport and Tunnel.
Transport mode encrypts only the data of each packet, but leaves the header untouched.
The more secure Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the payload. On the receiving
side, an IPSec-compliant device decrypts each packet.
LACP (802.3ad) Trunking
The 802.3ad Link Aggregation standard defines how to combine the several Ethernet ports
into one high-bandwidth port to increase the transmission speed. It is also known as port
trunking. Both device must set the trunking feature to work.
MAC
Media Access Control. MAC address provides layer-2 identification for Networking Devices.
Each Ethernet device has its own unique address. The first 6 digits are unique for each
manufacturer. When a network device have MAC access control feature, only the devices
with the approved MAC address can connect with the network.
Mbps
Megabits Per Second. One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data
transmission
MESH
Mesh is an outdoor wireless technology that uses Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and
Wireless Distribution system to achieve self-forming, self-healing, and self-configuring
outdoor network. MESH network are able to take the shortest path to a destination that
does not have to be in the line of site.
MIMO
Multi In Multi Out. A Smart Antenna technology designed to increase the coverage and
performance of a WLAN network. In a MIMO device, 2 or more antennas are used to
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increase the receiver sensitivity and to focus available power at intended Rx.
NAT
Network Address Translation. A network algorithm used by Routers to enables several
PCs to share single IP address provided by the ISP. The IP that a router gets from the
ISP side is called Real IP, the IP assigned to PC under the NAT environment is called
Private IP.
Node
A network connection end point, typically a computer.
Packet
A unit of data sent over a network.
Passphrase
Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEP encryption process by
automatically generating the WEP encryption keys for the company products.
POE
Power over Ethernet. A standard to deliver both power and data through one single
Ethernet cable (UTP/STP). It allows network device to be installed far away from power
ource. A POE system typically compose of 2 main component: DC Injector (Base Unit)
and Splitter(Terminal Unit). The DC injector combines the power and data, and the splitter
separates the data and power back. A PoE Access Point or CPE has the splitter built-in to
the device. The IEEE 802.3af is a POE spec that uses 48 volt to deliver power up to 100
meter distance.
Port
This word has 2 different meaning for networking.
z The hardware connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging
in a cable or an adapter.
z The virtual connection point through which a computer uses a specific application on a
server.
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PPPoE
Point-to- Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE relies on two widely accepted standards:
PPP and Ethernet. PPPoE is a specification for connecting the users on an Ethernet to the
Internet through a common broadband medium, such as a single DSL line, wireless device
or cable modem.
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol: A VPN protocol developed by PPTP Forum. With
PPTP, users can dial in to their corporate network via the Internet. If users require data
encryption when using the Windows PPTP client, the remote VPN server must support
MPPE (Microsoft Point-To-Point Encryption Protocol) encryption. PPTP is also used by
some ISP for user authentication, particularly when pairing with legacy Alcatel / Thomson
ADSL modem.
Preamble Type
Preamble are sent with each wireless packet transmit for transmission status. Use the
long preamble type for better compatibility. Use the short preamble type for better
performance
Rate Control
Ethernet switches' function to control the upstream and downstream speed of an individual
port. Rate Control management uses "Flow Control" to limit the speed of a port.
Therefore, the Ethernet adapter must also have the flow control enabled. One way to
force the adapter's flow control on is to set a port to half-duplex mode.
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service. An authentication and accounting system
used by many Internet Service Providers (ISPs). When you dial in to the ISP, you must
enter your username and password. This information is passed to a RADIUS server, which
checks that the information is correct, and then authorizes access to the ISP system.
Radius typically uses port 1812 and port 1813 for authentication and accounting port.
Though not an official standard, the RADIUS specification is maintained by a working group
of the IETF.
Receiver Sensitivity
Receiver sensitivity means how sensitive is the radio for receiving signal. In general; the
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slower the transmission speed, the more sensitive the radio is. The unit for Receiver
Sensitivity is in dB; the lower the absolute value is, the higher the signal strength. For
example, -50dB is higher than -80dB.
RJ-45
Standard connectors for Twisted Pair copper cable used in Ethernet networks. Although
they look similar to standard RJ-11 telephone connectors, RJ-45 connectors can have up to
eight wires, whereas telephone connectors have only four.
Router
An IP sharing router is a device that allows multiple PCs to share one single broadband
connection using NAT technology. A wireless router is a device that combines the
functions of wireless Access Point and the IP sharing router.
SIGNAL STRENGTH
Receiver Sensitivity Index. SIGNAL STRENGTH is a value to show the Receiver
Sensitivity of the remote wireless device. In general, remote APs with stronger signal will
display higher SIGNAL STRENGTH values. For SIGNAL STRENGTH value, the smaller
the absolute value is, the stronger the signal. For example, “-50db” has stronger signal
than “-80dB”. For outdoor connection, signal stronger than -60dB is considered as a
good connection.
RTS
Request To Send. A packet sent when a computer has data to transmit. The computer will
wait for a CTS (Clear To Send) message before sending data.
RTS Threshold
RTS (Request to Send). The RTS/CTS(clear to send) packet will be send before a frame
if the packet frame is larger than this value. Lower this value can improve the
performance if there are many clients in your network. You can try 1500, 1000 or 500
when there are many clients in your AP’s network.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. A set of protocols for managing complex
networks. The SNMP network contains 3 key elements: managed devices, agents, and
network-management systems (NMSs). Managed devices are network devices that
content SNMP agents. SNMP agents are programs that reside SNMP capable device's
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97 AirLive AIRMAX2 User’s Manual
firmware to provide SNMP configuration service. The NMS typically is a PC based
software such as HP Openview that can view and manage SNMP network device remotely.
SSH
Developed by SSH Communications Security Ltd., Secure Shell is a program to log into
another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move
files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure
communications over insecure channels. It is a replacement for rlogin, rsh, rcp, and rdist.
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer. It is a popular encryption scheme used by many online retail and
banking sites to protect the financial integrity of transactions. When an SSL session
begins, the server sends its public key to the browser. The browser then sends a randomly
generated secret key back to the server in order to have a secret key exchange for that
session. SSL VPN is also known as Web VPN. The HTTPS and SSH management
interface use SSL for data encryption.
Subnet Mask
An address code mask that determines the size of the network. An IP subnet are
determined by performing a BIT-wise AND operation between the IP address and the
subnet mask. By changing the subnet mask, you can change the scope and size of a
network.
Subnetwork or Subnet
Found in larger networks, these smaller networks are used to simplify addressing between
numerous computers. Subnets connect to the central network through a router, hub or
gateway. Each individual wireless LAN will probably use the same subnet for all the local
computers it talks to.
TCP
A layer-4 protocol used along with the IP to send data between computers over the Internet.
While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data, TCP takes care of keeping
track of the packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through
the Internet.
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TX Output Power
Transmit Output Power. The TX output power means the transmission output power of
the radio. Normally, the TX output power level limit for 2.4GHz 11g/b is 20dBm at the
antenna end. The output power limit for 5GHz 802.11a is 30dBm at the antenna end..
UDP
User Datagram Protocol. A layer-4 network protocol for transmitting data that does not
require acknowledgement from the recipient of the data.
Upgrade
To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
Upload
To send a file to the Internet or network device.
URL
Uniform Resource Locator. The address of a file located on the Internet.
VPN
Virtual Private Network. A type of technology designed to increase the security of
information transferred over the Internet. VPN creates a private encrypted tunnel from the
end user's computer, through the local wireless network, through the Internet, all the way to
the corporate network.
WAN
Wide Area Network. A communication system of connecting PCs and other computing
devices across a large local, regional, national or international geographic area. A WAN
port on the network device means the port (or wireless connection) that is connected to the
Internet side of the network topology.
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy. A wireless encryption protocol. WEP is available in 40-bit (64-bit),
108-bit (128-bit) or 152-bit (Atheros proprietary) encryption modes.
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Wi-Fi
Wireless Fidelity. An interoperability certification for wireless local area network (LAN)
products based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. The governing body for Wi-Fi is called
Wi-Fi Alliance (also known as WECA).
WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. A Wireless Metropolitan Network
technology that complies with IEEE 802.16 and ETSI Hiperman standards. The orginal
802.16 standard call for operating frequency of 10 to 66Ghz spectrum. The 802.16a
amendment extends the original standard into spectrum between 2 and 11 Ghz. 802.16d
increase data rates to between 40 and 70 Mbps/s and add support for MIMO antennas,
QoS, and multiple polling technologies. 802.16e adds mobility features, narrower
bandwidth (a max of 5 mhz), slower speed and smaller antennas. Mobility is allowed up to
40 mph.
WDS
Wireless Distribution System. WDS defines how multiple wireless Access Point or
Wireless Router can connect together to form one single wireless network without using
wired uplinks. WDS associate each other by MAC address, each device
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network. A type of local-area network that uses high-frequency radio
waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes. The most popular standard for
WLAN is the 802.11 standards.
WMM
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) is a standard to prioritize traffic for multimedia applications. The
WMM prioritize traffic\ on Voice-over-IP (VoIP), audio, video, and streaming media as well
as traditional IP data over the AP.
WMS
Wireless Management System. An utility program to manage multiple wireless
AP/Bridges.
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WPA
Wi-Fi Protected Access. It is an encryption standard proposed by WiFi for advance
protection by utilizing a password key (TKIP) or certificate. It is more secure than WEP
encryption. The WPA-PSK utilizes pre-share key for encryption/authentication.
WPA2
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2. WPA2 is also known as 802.11i. It improves on the WPA
security with CCMP and AES encryption. The WPA2 is backward compatible with WPA.
WPA2-PSK utilizes pre-share key for encryption/authentication.

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