OvisLink GDUO Dual 11g/b PoE Access Point User Manual GDUO manual ok

OvisLink Corp. Dual 11g/b PoE Access Point GDUO manual ok

Contents

User Manual I

G.DUO
Dual 11g Access Point
Use
r
’s Manua l
Copyright and Disclaimer
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
Copyright & Disclaimer
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, whether
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording without the written consent of OvisLink
Corp.
OvisLink Corp. has made the best effort to ensure the accuracy of the information in this
user’s guide. However, we are not liable for the inaccuracies or errors in this guide.
Please use with caution. All information is subject to change without notice
Table of Contents
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
ii
Regulatory Information
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This
equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user
is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:
- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver
is connected.
- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Caution: To assure continued compliance, (example - use only shielded interface
cables when connecting to computer or peripheral devices) any changes or modifications
not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s
authority to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
IMPORTANT NOTE
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance
20cm between the radiator & your body.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna
or transmitter.
For product available in the USA/Canada market, only channel 1~11 can be operated.
Selection of other channels is not possible.
All Trademarks are properties of their respective holders.
Table of Contents
i
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Overview .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support .................................................. 1
1.3 Features ............................................................................................... 2
1.4 Wireless Operation Modes ................................................................... 2
1.4.1 WISP + AP Mode ....................................................................................................... 2
1.4.2 Client + AP mode ....................................................................................................... 3
1.4.3 Dual AP Mode ............................................................................................................ 3
1.4.4 Gateway + AP ............................................................................................................ 3
1.4.5 WDS + AP .................................................................................................................. 4
2. Installing the G.DUO .................................................................................. 5
2.1 Before You Start ................................................................................... 5
2.2 Package Content ................................................................................. 5
2.3 Knowing your G.DUO ........................................................................... 6
2.4 Hardware Installation ........................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Passive PoE Installation ............................................................................................. 8
2.4.2 Wall Mount Installation ............................................................................................. 9
2.5 LED Table .......................................................................................... 10
2.6 Restore Settings to Default ................................................................ 10
3. Configuring the G.DUO ........................................................................... 11
3.1 Important Information ......................................................................... 11
3.2 Prepare your PC ................................................................................ 12
3.3 Management Interface ....................................................................... 12
Web Management (HTTP): ............................................................................................... 12
Secured Web Management (HTTPS): ............................................................................... 13
Command Line Interface (Telnet): .................................................................................... 13
Secure Shell (SSH, SSH2) ................................................................................................ 13
3.4 Introduction to Web Management ...................................................... 15
3.4.1 Getting into Web Management ................................................................................ 15
3.4.2 Web Menu Structure ................................................................................................ 17
3.5 Initial Configurations .......................................................................... 18
3.5.1 Choose the wireless Operation Modes ..................................................................... 18
3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address .............................................................................. 19
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AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual ii
3.5.3 Enable Password Protection ..................................................................................... 20
3.5.4 Enable Telnet or SSH ............................................................................................... 20
4. WISP + AP Mode ...................................................................................... 22
4.1 Application for WISP+AP Mode ......................................................... 22
4.2 Step-by-Step Example ....................................................................... 23
4.2.1 Environment ............................................................................................................. 23
4.2.2 Configuration Steps ................................................................................................. 24
4.3 Radio1: WISP Router Mode Settings ................................................. 26
4.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings ............................................................................................ 26
4.3.2 Security Settings ...................................................................................................... 27
4.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) .................................................................................... 28
4.3.4 Site Survey ............................................................................................................... 30
4.3.5 Signal Survey ........................................................................................................... 31
4.3.6 WAN Port ................................................................................................................. 31
4.3.7 Virtual Server Settings ............................................................................................. 32
4.3.8 DMZ ......................................................................................................................... 32
4.3.9 DDNS ....................................................................................................................... 33
4.3.10 DoS (Denial of Service) ......................................................................................... 33
4.3.11 URL Filter .............................................................................................................. 34
4.3.12 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................. 34
4.3.13 IP Filter .................................................................................................................. 35
4.3.14 Port Filter ............................................................................................................... 35
4.3.15 Router (Static Route) ............................................................................................. 35
4.3.16 RIP (Routing Information Protocol ........................................................................ 36
4.4 Radio2: AP Mode Settings ................................................................. 37
4.4.1 Basic Wireless Settings ............................................................................................ 37
4.4.2 Security Settings ...................................................................................................... 37
4.4.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) .................................................................................... 40
4.4.4 Access Control ......................................................................................................... 41
4.4.5 Associated Clients .................................................................................................... 42
5. Dual AP Mode ........................................................................................... 43
5.1 Application for Dual AP Mode ............................................................ 43
5.2 Radio1 and 2: AP Mode Settings ....................................................... 44
5.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings ............................................................................................ 44
5.2.2 Security Settings ...................................................................................................... 45
5.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) .................................................................................... 47
5.2.4 Access Control ......................................................................................................... 49
5.2.5 Associated Clients .................................................................................................... 49
6. Client + AP Mode ...................................................................................... 51
6.1 Application for Client + AP Mode........................................................ 51
6.2 Radio1: Client Mode Settings ............................................................ 52
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AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
6.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings ............................................................................................ 52
6.2.2 Security Settings ...................................................................................................... 53
6.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) .................................................................................... 55
6.2.4 Site Survey ............................................................................................................... 56
6.2.5 Signal Survey ........................................................................................................... 57
6.2.6 Enable MAC Clone (Single Ethernet Client) ........................................................... 57
6.3 Radio2: AP Mode Settings ................................................................. 58
6.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings ............................................................................................ 58
6.3.2 Security Settings ...................................................................................................... 58
6.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) .................................................................................... 61
6.3.4 Access Control ......................................................................................................... 62
6.3.5 Associated Clients .................................................................................................... 63
7. Gateway + AP Mode ................................................................................. 64
7.1 Application for Gateway +AP Mode ................................................... 64
7.2 Radio1: WISP Router Mode Settings ................................................. 65
7.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings ............................................................................................ 66
7.2.2 Security Settings ...................................................................................................... 66
7.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) .................................................................................... 68
7.2.4 Access Control ......................................................................................................... 70
7.2.5 Associated Clients .................................................................................................... 70
7.2.6 Signal Survey ........................................................................................................... 71
7.2.7 WAN Port ................................................................................................................. 71
7.2.8 Virtual Server Settings ............................................................................................. 72
7.2.9 DMZ ......................................................................................................................... 73
7.2.10 DDNS ..................................................................................................................... 73
7.2.11 DoS (Denial of Service) ......................................................................................... 74
7.2.12 URL Filter .............................................................................................................. 74
7.2.13 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................. 75
7.2.14 IP Filter .................................................................................................................. 75
7.2.15 Port Filter ............................................................................................................... 75
7.2.16 Router (Static Route) ............................................................................................. 76
7.2.17 RIP (Routing Information Protocol ........................................................................ 76
7.3 Radio2: AP Mode Settings ................................................................. 77
7.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings ............................................................................................ 78
7.3.2 Security Settings ...................................................................................................... 78
7.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) .................................................................................... 80
7.3.4 Access Control ......................................................................................................... 82
7.3.5 Associated Clients .................................................................................................... 82
8. WDS + AP Mode ....................................................................................... 84
8.1 Application for WDS + AP Mode ........................................................ 84
8.2 Radio1: WDS Bridge Settings ............................................................ 85
8.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings ............................................................................................ 85
8.2.2 WDS Security .......................................................................................................... 86
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AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual iv
8.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) .................................................................................... 88
8.2.4 Site Survey ............................................................................................................... 89
8.2.5 Signal Survey ........................................................................................................... 90
8.2.6 WDS Settings ........................................................................................................... 90
8.3 Radio2: AP Mode Settings ................................................................. 91
8.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings ............................................................................................ 91
8.3.2 Security Settings ...................................................................................................... 91
8.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) .................................................................................... 94
8.3.4 Access Control ......................................................................................................... 95
8.3.5 Associated Clients .................................................................................................... 96
9. System Configuration Menu ................................................................... 97
9.1 Menu Structure .................................................................................. 97
9.2 LAN Interface Setup .......................................................................... 97
9.2.1 DHCP Settings ......................................................................................................... 98
9.2.2 802.1d Spanning Tree .............................................................................................. 98
9.2.3 Clone MAC Address ................................................................................................ 98
9.2.4 Disable PING ........................................................................................................... 98
9.2.5 Add DHCP Static Lease Client ................................................................................ 99
9.3 Time Settings ..................................................................................... 99
9.4 Password Settings ........................................................................... 100
9.5 System Management ....................................................................... 100
9.6 SNMP Settings ................................................................................. 101
9.7 Watchdog ......................................................................................... 102
9.7.1 Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................. 102
9.7.2 Configuration Save and Restore ............................................................................ 103
9.8 Factory Default ................................................................................ 104
10. Device Status Menu ............................................................................. 105
10.1 Menu Structure .............................................................................. 105
10.2 Device Information ......................................................................... 105
10.3 Statistic .......................................................................................... 106
10.4 Client Table (ARP Table) ................................................................ 107
10.5 Log ................................................................................................. 107
11. Emergency Firmware Recovery ......................................................... 108
12. Frequent Asked Questions ................................................................. 110
13. Specifications ....................................................................................... 113
13.1 Hardware Features ........................................................................ 113
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AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
13.1.1 General Hardware Feature ................................................................................... 113
13.2.1 Power Supply ....................................................................................................... 113
13.2.2 Dimension and Weight ......................................................................................... 113
13.2 Radio Specifications ...................................................................... 114
13.2.1 Frequency Band ................................................................................................... 114
13.2.3 Rate and Modulation ............................................................................................ 114
13.2.4 TX Output Power ................................................................................................. 114
13.2.5 Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................................................. 114
13.2.6 Supported WLAN Mode ...................................................................................... 115
13.3 Software Features .......................................................................... 115
14. Wireless Network Glossary ................................................................. 117
1. Introduction
1 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
1 1. Introduction
1.1 Overview
The G.DUO is a dual radio wireless multi-function device based on IEEE 802.11g/b 2.4GHz
radio technologies. It features 2 WiFi radios for WISP and other applications that can not
be achieved using single radio. In addition, it features passive PoE port for installations in
places that have no nearby access to electricity (DC Injector is not included). Finally, it
also comes with a WAN port and Gateway+AP mode that can turn G.DUO into a wireless
router with 2 radios.
If you encounter any technical issues, we strongly recommend you read through Chapter 12:
Frequent Asked Questions. The answers you need are very likely to be there.
1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support
If you encounter a technical issue that can not be resolved by information on this guide, we
recommend that you visit our comprehensive website support at www.airlive.com. The
tech support FAQ are frequently updated with latest information.
In addition, you might find new firmwares that either increase software functions or provide
bug fixes for G.DUO. You can reach our on-line support center at the following link:
http://www.airlive.com/support/support_2.jsp
Since 2009, AirLive has added the “Newsletter Instant Support System” on our website.
AirLive Newsletter subscribers receives instant email notifications when there are new
download or tech support FAQ updates for their subscribed airlive models. To become an
AirLive newsletter member, please visit: http://www.airlive.com/member/member_3.jsp
1. Introduction
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 2
1.3 Features
Dual 11g CPU with 2 x 11g/b Radios
4MB Flash and 32MB SDRAM
5 wireless multi-function modes: WISP+AP, Dual AP, Client + AP, WDS+AP,
Gateway+AP
2 x R-SMA connectors for external antenna.
Passive PoE Port for 12V Passive POE System. Passive DC Injector not included
1 x WAN port for xDSL and Cable Modem.
Wall Mount holes included
Bandwidth Control
Site Survey and Signal Strength indicator for antenna alignment
Emergency firmware recovery mode
Web, HTTPS, SSH/SSH2, Telnet, and SNMP managements
1.4 Wireless Operation Modes
The G.DUO can perform as a multi-function wireless device. Through the AirLogic web
interface, users can easily select which wireless mode they wish the G.DUO to perform.
The G.DUO can be configured to operate in the following wireless operation modes:
1.4.1 WISP + AP Mode
This mode is designed as 2-way wireless router for WISP subscriber. Radio1 acts as a
client router to connect with outdoor AP; Radio1 works as a wireless AP for home. This
combination allows WISP subscriber to share their Internet connection wirelessly.
1. Introduction
3 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
1.4.2 Client + AP mode
In this mode, Radio1 is working as a wireless client to connect with remote AP. Radio2 is
working as an Access Point to redistribute the signal from Radio1. This combination
creates a wireless repeater with 2 radios. It can be used to amplify the signal from remote
AP.
1.4.3 Dual AP Mode
In this mode, the G.DUO works as 2 Access Points. You can have both radios with
directional antennas to create a larger coverage. Please remember to set the channels of
the radios as far apart as possible.
1.4.4 Gateway + AP
In this mode, both Radios are acting as wireless router. The WAN port is the LAN1 port.
The application for this is to extend the wireless router’s coverage. You can use 2
directional antennas to provide longer distance and wider coverage over large area, such
as in the shopping center. When using this mode, it is recommended to use directional
antennas for both radios to avoid mutual interference.
1. Introduction
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 4
1.4.5 WDS + AP
In this mode, the Radio1 is working in WDS Bridge mode while Radio2 works as an Access
Point. This mode is design to build a wireless backbone network while providing hotspot
access through Radio2’s AP network. It is ideal for Hotel Installation. When using this
mode, please make sure that the channels are set apart between Radio1 and Radio2.
Radio1 should install with directional antenna.
2. Install the G.DUO
5 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
2 2. Installing the G.DUO
This section describes the hardware features and the hardware installation procedure for
the G.DUO. For software configuration, please go to chapter 3 for more details.
2.1 Before You Start
It is important to read through this section before you install the G.DUO
It is recommended that you set the channels of the 2 radios as apart as possible
to avoid mutual interference. For example, Radio1 at channel 1 and Radio2 at
Channel 11
It is recommended that you adjust the antenna angles to get the best
performance. You can try to move the antenna outward as indicated on the
diagram below if you encounter poor performance problem.
The LAN1 port also work as the passive POE port and the WAN port(Gateway
mode only)
The passive PoE DC Injector is optional, it is not included with the package.
Please use a 12V passive POE system with G.DUO’s passive POE port. Do not
use 802.3af 48V system or PoE switch with the device.
2.2 Package Content
The G.DUO package contains the following items:
One G.DUO main unit
One 12V 1A DC power adapter
2 x Antennas (subject to change without notice)
User’s Guide CD
2. Install the G.DUO
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 6
Quick Start Guide
2.3 Knowing your G.DUO
Below are descriptions and diagrams of the product:
Radio 1 Antenna Connector
Radio 2 Antenna Connector
Power Adapter Connector
LAN Ports
WAN + Passive PoE Port
Reset Button
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 2
3
4
5
6
7 LED Indicators
2. Install the G.DUO
7 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
2.4 Hardware Installation
.1. Please install the antennas by turning clock wise into the RF1 and RF2 antenna connectors
2. Now connect the power adapter to the G.DUO
3. Connect the Ethernet cable to one of the LAN port and the other end to your PC.
2. Install the G.DUO
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 8
4. If you are using G.DUO in Gateway mode to share your xDSL or Cable modem connection,
please connect the Internet cable to “WAN port”.
2.4.1 Passive PoE Installation
If you want to supply the power by using Passive PoE, please follow the installation
diagram below. Please note that that the passive DC Injector is not included with G.DUO,
it need to be purchased separately. G.DUO uses 12V passive PoE system.
2. Install the G.DUO
9 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
2.4.2 Wall Mount Installation
1. The holes for the wall mount screw are on the underside of the case. Please measure the
distance between the holes. Then install 2 screws in the desire location with the measured
distance apart from each other. Please do not screw all the way in, leave some space for
mounting with the G.DUO
2. Now please hang the G.DUO on those 2 screws.
2. Install the G.DUO
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 10
2.5 LED Table
This section describes the LED behavior of G.DUO. You can find the LED on the top side
of the G.DUO.
Power
Steady Blue – Normal Operation
OFF – No Power
RF1, RF2
Slow Flashing : Radio is active
Fast Flashing: Transmitting Data
OFF: Radio Disabled
LAN1 ~4, WAN
Steady Blue : Link established
Fast Flashing: Transmitting Data
OFF: No Link
2.6 Restore Settings to Default
If you have forgotten your G.DUO’s IP address or password, you can restore your G.DUO
to the default settings by pressing on the “reset button” for more than 5 seconds. You
might need a pen or pencil for this operation. The reset button is inside the bottom case.
Please see diagram below for details.
3. Configuring the G.DUO
11 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
The G.DUO offers many different types of management interface. You can configure
through standard web browser (http), secured web (https), command line (telnet), secured
command shell (SSH), and SNMP management. In this chapter, we will explain G.DUO’s
available management interfaces and how to get into them.
3.1 Important Information
The following information will help you to get start quickly. However, we recommend you
to read through the entire manual before you start. Please note the password and SSID
are case sensitive.
The default IP address is: 192.168.1.254 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
There is no password protection by default. To enable password protection,
please go to “System Configuration -> Password Settings”.
The default SSID for Radio1 is “airlive1”
The default SSID for Radio2 is “airlive2”
The default wireless mode is : WISP + AP mode
Please remember to “Apply Change” for settings to be saved and take effect.
Please remember to “Reboot” the device after all settings are changed.
Please keep the TX output power as low as possible for best performance.
By default, the Telnet and SSH functions are turned off. To enable them, please
go to “System Configuration” -> “System Management” menu.
The Emergency Firmware Recovery only works when you connect to LAN2, LAN3,
or LAN4 port. It will not work on LAN1
By Default, the DHCP server is turned on in WISP+AP and Gateway+AP mode.
The other modes’ DHCP server are turned off.
When you change the mode to WISP+AP or Gateway+AP mode, the GDUO’s IP
address might change to 192.168.1.254.
.
3 3. Configuring the G.DUO
3. Configuring the G.DUO
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 12
3.2 Prepare your PC
The G.DUO can be managed remotely by a PC through either the wired or wireless network.
The default IP address of the G.DUO is 192.168.1.254 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0. This means the IP address of the PC should be in the range of
192.168.1.1` to 192.168.1.253.
To prepare your PC for management with the G.DUO, please do the following:
1. Connect your PC directly to the LAN port on the DC Injector of G.DUO
2. Set your PC’s IP address to “Obtain an IP address Automatically”. The G.DUO should
provide your PC an valid IP address.
3. If you want to set your PC’s IP address manually, please set to 192.168.1.50 (or other
address in the same subnet)
You are ready now to configure the G.DUO using your PC.
3.3 Management Interface
The G.DUO can be configured using one the management interfaces below:
Web Management (HTTP): You can manage G.DUO by simply typing its IP address
in the web browser. Most functions of G.DUO can be accessed by web management
interface. We recommend using this interface for initial configurations. To begin,
simply enter G.DUO’s IP address (default is 192.168.1.254) on the web browser..
50
3. Configuring the G.DUO
13 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
Secured Web Management (HTTPS): HTTPS is also using web browser for
configuration. But all the data transactions are securely encrypted using SSL
encryption. Therefore, it is a safe and easy way to manage your G.DUO. We highly
recommend WISP and service provider to use HTTPS for management.
To begin, simply enter https://192.168.1.254 on your web browser. A security alert
screen from your browser might pop up. Please grant all permission and get
certificate to G.DUO.
Command Line Interface (Telnet): G.DUO can be managed through the
command line interface (CLI). Telnet does not encrypt its message. Therefore, it
is not secure. The default Telnet management port is TCP port 23.
By default, the G.DUO’s Telnet interface is turned off. To enable it, please go to
“System Configuration -> System Management” menu and enable “Telnet”.
To use the CLI, please open the command line window. Then type “telnet
192.168.1.254” to start.
To get a list of available command and their usage, please type “help” on the
command prompt.
Secure Shell (SSH, SSH2): SSH is an encrypted Command Line Interface that
allow user to send text commands through SSL encryption. Therefore, it provides
the added advantage of security comparing to Telnet. The default management
port for SSH/SSH2 is TCP/UDP port 22.
By default, the G.DUO’s SSH/SSH2 interface is turned off. To enable it, please go to
“System Configuration -> System Management” menu and enable “SSH”.
To manage via the SSH/SSH2 protocol, you would need a SSH client. Free SSH
clients are widely available on the Internet. You can find where to download them
by using Internet search engine such as Google. In this guide, we will use a
popular SSH/Telnet utility call Putty.
Once you have download and install Putty. Please follow the figure below to make
a connection with G.DUO:
1. Choose “SSH” as indicated in the diagram
Telnet 192.168.1.254
3. Configuring the G.DUO
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 14
2. Enter the IP address of G.DUO
3. Click on “Open” to start the SSH session.
When the following screen appear, click on “Yes” to continue
If you have set up password, please enter your login and password. If not, you will
enter the command prompt directly. Now you are ready to enter commands
To get a list of available command and their usage, please type “help” on the
command prompt.
1
2
3. Configuring the G.DUO
15 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
3.4 Introduction to Web Management
The G.DUO offers both normal (http) and secured (https) Web Management interfaces.
Their share the same interface and functions, and they can both be accessed through web
browsers. The only difference is HTTPS data are encrypted for extra security. Therefore,
we will discuss them together as “Web Management” on this guide.
If you are placing the G.DUO behind router or firewall, you might need to open virtual server
ports to G.DUO on your firewall/router
HTTP: TCP Port 80
HTTPS: TCP/UDP Port 443
This procedure is not necessary in most cases unless there is a router/firewall between
your PC and G.DUO.
3.4.1 Getting into Web Management
Normal Web Management (HTTP)
To get into the Normal Web Management, simply type in the G.DUO’s IP address (default IP
is 192.168.1.254) into the web browser’s address field.
Secured Web Management (HTTPS)
To get into the Secured Web Management, just type “https://192.168.1.254 ” into the web
browser’s address field. The “192.168.1.254” is G.DUO’s default IP address. If the IP
address is changed, the address entered in the browser should change also.
A security warning screen from your browser will then pop-up depending on the browser
you use. Please follow step below to clear the security screen.
Internet Explorer: Select “Yes” to proceed
3. Configuring the G.DUO
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 16
Firefox:
1. Select “or you can add an exception”
2. Click on “Add Exception”
2
1
3. Configuring the G.DUO
17 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
3. Click on “Get Certificate”. Then, please enter G.DUO’s IP address. Finally,
please click on “Confirm Security Exception.”
3.4.2 Web Menu Structure
After you enter the Web configuration, the following screen will appear:
Wireless Settings: The G.DUO’s wireless settings are different between wireless
modes. Only functions that are applicable to the wireless mode will show to
simplify configuration. For this reason, the first step to configure the G.DUO is to
select the wireless mode. The router mode specific functions are also in this
Wireless Settings Lan
g
ua
g
e Selection
4
3
3. Configuring the G.DUO
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 18
menu category. For explanation of different wireless modes, please refer to
Chapter 1.
System Configuration: All non-wireless and router mode settings are in this
category. The system configurations including changing password, upload
firmware, backup configuration, settings PING watchdog, and setting management
interface. We recommend you should enable password protection during the first
time login.
Device Status: This section for monitoring the status of G.DUO. It provides
information on device status, Ethernet status, wireless status, wireless client table,
and system log.
Language Selection: You can change the language for the Web interface from
here.
3.5 Initial Configurations
We recommend users to browse through G.DUO’s web management interface to get an
overall picture of the functions and interface. Below are the recommended initial
configurations for first time login:
3.5.1 Choose the wireless Operation Modes
The wireless settings of G.DUO are dependant on the wireless operation mode you choose.
Therefore, the first step is to choose the operation mode. For explanation on when to use
what operation mode, please refer to Chapter 1
Click to confi
g
ure wireless settin
g
s
Current Mode
Mode Diagram
3. Configuring the G.DUO
19 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
Mode Diagram: this shows you the operation flow between Radio1, Radio2, and the
LAN/WAN ports. It helps you to understand how the mode works.
Current Mode: The active setup button indicates the current operation mode. When
you press the “Setup Button”, it will bring you to the wireless setting page.
Changing Mode:
Follow the example below to change to “Gateway+AP” mode
1. Select “Gateway + AP” mode.
2. Click on “Setup Button” button
3. The AP might ask you to confirm the mode change. Once confirm, the AP will
reboot to its new mode.
3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address
The default IP address is at 192.168.1.254. You should change it to the same subnet as
your network. Also, if you want to manage G.DUO remotely, you have to set the Gateway
and DNS server information.
To setup the IP settings for G.DUO, please select “System Configuration” -> LAN Interface
Setup”. After entering the IP information, click on “Apply” to finish.
2
1
3. Configuring the G.DUO
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 20
3.5.3 Enable Password Protection
The G.DUO’s password protection is turned off by default. You should enable it and set
your own password. To enable password protection, please go to “System Configuration”
-> “Password Settings” menu. Then enter your username and password, and click on
“Apply Change” button. You can also come to this menu to change your password in the
future.
3.5.4 Enable Telnet or SSH
The Telnet and SSH management interface are turned off by default. If you wish to use
them, please go to the “System Configuration -> System Management” menu. Check
“Telnet” or “SSH”, then click on “Apply Change” button.
1
2
3
3. Configuring the G.DUO
21 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 22
In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for WISP+AP Mode. Please be
sure to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and
“Initial Configurations” first.
4.1 Application for WISP+AP Mode
This mode is designed for WISP subscriber to have both Internet connection to WISP AP
and wireless network for home. Radio1 acts as a client router to connect with outdoor AP;
Radio1 works as a wireless AP for home. This combination allows WISP subscriber to
share their Internet connection wirelessly. In this mode, the WAN on the Radio1 side.
4 4. WISP + AP Mode
4. WISP + AP Mode
23 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
4.2 Step-by-Step Example
In this example, we will use a G.DUO to establish a connection service to the WISP outdoor
AP
4.2.1 Environment
In this example, the G.DUO will be connecting to the Outdoor AP using Radio1. Radio1
will be running in WISP mode which is also known as “Client Router”. Radio 2 will be
running in AP mode to share the WISP connection wirelessly to the notebook PC.
The configuration procedure should be as followed:
1. Configure Radio1 first.
2. Use “Site Survey” function to find the Outdoor AP and adjust antenna alignment
using “Signal Survey” function
3. Use “Site Survey” to establish connection and enter encryption key with Outdoor
AP
4. Configure the WAN type for the Radio1 to the Outdoor AP
5. Enable the “Remote Management” so WISP operator can manage the AP from
remote
6. Configure Radio2 now
7. You should be able to keep default settings for most of the Radio2’s function
8. But you need to change the channel of Radio2 so it is as far apart from Radio1 as
possible.
9. Set Encryption for Radio2.
10. You should be able to link the Notebook PC to “airlive2” SSID and enter the
correct encryption key.
SSID: OutdoorAP
Encryption: WPA-PSK
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 24
4.2.2 Configuration Steps
Radio1
Step1: Click on the wireless settings on WISP+AP mode. It should bring you to the
“Wireless Setting” Page.
Step2: Click on “Site Survey” Setup button. The following screen should appear with results
of available APs in the area.
Step2: Now select “Outdoor AP” on the list, then press “Signal Survey”. Adjust your
antenna until the signal level is at the highest.
Step3: Now close the window and go back to the “Site Survey” page. Select the “Outdoor
AP” and press the “Connect” button. The G.DUO will inform you “encryption type
mismatch!” and ask if you want to configure the encryption setting. Select “Yes” to
proceed.
4. WISP + AP Mode
25 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
Step4: Choose “WPA”->”Personal(Pre Shared Key)” -> “TKIP”. Then enter the correct
encryption key. The wireless connection should establish after this.
Step5: Go to the wireless setting page and select “WAN Port”. Enter the WAN information
(in this example is “Static IP”) and check the “Enable Web Access on WAN” for remote
management.
Radio2
Step1: Go to the wireless setting and change the interface to “Radio2”
Step2: Now we know the “Outdoor AP” is using Channel 11. Please set Radio2’s channel
to as far as possible. In this case, it will be “Channel 1”.
.
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 26
Step3: Go to the “Security” setup and set your encryption as “WPA”->”Pre-Shared
Key”->”TKIP”. Enter your encryption key. .
4.3 Radio1: WISP Router Mode Settings
The Radio1 is working in Client Mode with NAT routing function, it is also known as “Client
Router”. The WAN is on the wireless side.
When you select “Radio1” as the interface, the following screen will appear.
4.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings
Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. We
recommend to leave the setting at “802.11g/b”.
SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on
“Site Survey” button to scan for AP.
Channel: Wireless Channel used. For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is
channel 1~11. For Client and WISP mode, this field is applicable only in Adhoc
mode.
4. WISP + AP Mode
27 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
4.3.2 Security Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings
Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data
encryption. The G.DUO features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,
WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal , WPA Mixed.
WEP
WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also
the least secure.
Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys
for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All
wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We
recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and
Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.
Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The
longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII
code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.
“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.
ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 28
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”
HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”
ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”
HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
“1234567890abcdef1234567890”
WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA-AUTO
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
that provides added security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the
CCMP (AES Encryption). The WPA Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using
both WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK.
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX
format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.
Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
4.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings)
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance
4. WISP + AP Mode
29 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation
threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of
256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate,
you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold.
RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for
transmission. Any unicast (data or control) frames larger than specified RTS threshold
must be transmitted following the RTS/CTS handshake exchange mechanism. The
RTS threshold should have a value between 256-2347 bytes, with a default of 2347. It
is recommended that this value does not deviate from the default too much.
Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its
existence. The beacon Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in
time unit of milliseconds. The default value is 100, and a valid value should be between
1 and 65,535.
AckTimeOut: When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will
waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only
wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. In most
conditions, please put ACKtimeout value at zero(default value). The AP will calculate
the ACKtimeout automatically when the value is zero. However, you can also enter
the ACKtimeout manually.
Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize
the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy"
network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short
Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 30
performance is desired. If in a "noisy" network environment, the performance will be
decreased.
IAPP: IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol) is designed for the enforcement of unique
association throughout a ESS (Extended Service Set) and a secure exchange of
station’s security context between current access point (AP) and new AP during
handoff period.
BG Protection: The 802.11g standard includes a protection mechanism to ensure mixed 802.11b
and 802.11g operation. If there is no such kind of mechanism exists, the two kinds of standards may
mutually interfere and decrease network’s performance..
Hide SSID: Enable Hide SSID will make the AP network’s SSID invisible. A device
can link with the AP only if correct SSID name is entered.
TX Power Level: You can set your TX Output power level here. Please note the
maximum allowable TX output power in EU is 20dBm. Please do not exceed your
country’s legal limit.
4.3.4 Site Survey
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey
You can scan for wireless networks around your location using the Site Survey function.
From the site survey function, you can also perform antenna alignment and establish
wireless connection
When you click on Site Survey, the following screen will appear. It might take awhile
depending on number of available APs in the area.
d
Click here to select
SSID for Association
or Signal Survey
To connect with the
selected SSID. This
function is available only
in Client Infrastructure or
Bridge Infrastructure
For antenna
alignment. It will
display and update
the Signal Strength
conitnously
4. WISP + AP Mode
31 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
4.3.5 Signal Survey
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey -> Signal Survey
The Signal Survey will continuously display the SIGNAL STRENGTH value of the selected
SSID for antenna alignment purpose. To use Signal Survey function, please enter the
“Site Survey” function first; please refer to the instruction in the above section. Once you
select the ESSID and click on the “Signal Survey” button, the following screen will appear.
BSSID: This is the remote AP’s MAC address.
Channel: The current scanned channel
Signal Strength: This is signal strength number in percentage in 0 to 100 scale.
The higher the number, the better signal.
4.3.6 WAN Port
Operation Mode -> Setup -> WAN Port
The G.DUO support different authentication and IP assignment standards for the WAN port.
It includes fixed IP, DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP, L2TP, and Big Pond protocols. Please consult
with your ISP about what authentication type is used for the WAN port connection.
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 32
Clone MAC Address: In this place, you can assign a MAC address for the WAN
port. In case of WISP mode, it is Radio1’s MAC address. For Gatway mode, it
is the WAN/LAN1 MAC address.
Enable UPnP: Check this field will enable Universal Plug n Play protocol
Enable Web Server Access on WAN: Check this field will enable remote
management from WAN side.
4.3.7 Virtual Server Settings
Virtual server allows you to specify one or more applications running on server computers
on the LAN that may be accessed by any Internet user. Internet data destined for the
specified public port will be directed to the specified private port number on the LAN client
with the specified private IP address.
If you want to allow your web server, ftp server, or email server to be accessible from
Internet, you would need to open specific port on the virtual server to your local IP address.
For a list of most frequent used TCP and UDP ports. Please visit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
4.3.8 DMZ
Advanced Settings >> Multiple DMZ
DMZ opens all TCP/UDP ports to particular IP address on the LAN side. It allows setting
up servers behind the G.DUO.
4. WISP + AP Mode
33 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
4.3.9 DDNS
Dynamic Domain Name System. An algorithm that allows the use of dynamic IP address
for hosting Internet Server. A DDNS service provides each user account with a domain
name. The G.DUO support “Dyndns” and “TZO” service.
4.3.10 DoS (Denial of Service)
Denial of Service is a type of network attack that floods the network with useless traffic.
Many DoS attacks, such as the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, exploit limitations in
the TCP/IP protocols.
The G.DUO provides a list of Firewall grade DoS control that protect your network from
hacker attack.
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 34
4.3.11 URL Filter
The G.DUO provide URL filter function to stop access to certain website. It is especially
useful for parents to stop children from accessing some websites.
4.3.12 MAC Filter
MAC filter can filter out traffic from certain MAC addresses. It can prevent access to
internet from certain station in the local LAN.
4. WISP + AP Mode
35 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
4.3.13 IP Filter
IP filtering allows you to block certain IP addresses from accessing the network.
4.3.14 Port Filter
Port filtering allows you to block certain applications from accessing the network.
4.3.15 Router (Static Route)
This allows you to manually configure static network routes. Static routes will override
routes learned by standard routing protocol discover methods.
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 36
4.3.16 RIP (Routing Information Protocol
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol used in local and wide
area networks
4. WISP + AP Mode
37 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
4.4 Radio2: AP Mode Settings
The Radio2 is working in Access Point Mode. The default SSID is “AirLive2”.
When you select “Radio2” as the interface, the following screen will appear:
4.4.1 Basic Wireless Settings
Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. We
recommend leaving the setting at “802.11g/b”.
SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on
“Site Survey” button to scan for AP.
Channel: Wireless Channel used. For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is
channel 1~11.
4.4.2 Security Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings
Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data
encryption. The G.DUO features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,
WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal , WPA Mixed.
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 38
WEP
WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also
the least secure.
Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys
for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All
wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We
recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and
Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.
Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The
longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII
code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.
“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.
ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”
HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”
ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”
HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
4. WISP + AP Mode
39 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
“1234567890abcdef1234567890”
WPA-Personal, WPA2-Personal, WPA-Mixed (Pre-Shared Key)
The WPA Personal is also known as “WPA-PSK” encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access
(WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) that provides added
security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption).
The WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK.
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX
format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.
Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
WPA-Enterprise, WPA2-Enterprise, WPA-Mixed Enterprise (Radius)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Enterprise uses Radius Server as the authenticator.
WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption). The
WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA or WPA2.
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 40
4.4.3 Advance (Wireless Settings)
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance
Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation
threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of
256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate,
you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold.
RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for
transmission. Any unicast (data or control) frames larger than specified RTS threshold
must be transmitted following the RTS/CTS handshake exchange mechanism. The
RTS threshold should have a value between 256-2347 bytes, with a default of 2347. It
is recommended that this value does not deviate from the default too much.
4. WISP + AP Mode
41 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its
existence. The beacon Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in
time unit of milliseconds. The default value is 100, and a valid value should be between
1 and 65,535.
AckTimeOut: When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will
waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only
wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. In most
conditions, please put ACKtimeout value at zero(default value). The AP will calculate
the ACKtimeout automatically when the value is zero. However, you can also enter
the ACKtimeout manually.
Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize
the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy"
network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short
Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum
performance is desired. If in a "noisy" network environment, the performance will be
decreased.
IAPP: IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol) is designed for the enforcement of unique
association throughout a ESS (Extended Service Set) and a secure exchange of
station’s security context between current access point (AP) and new AP during
handoff period.
BG Protection: The 802.11g standard includes a protection mechanism to ensure mixed 802.11b
and 802.11g operation. If there is no such kind of mechanism exists, the two kinds of standards may
mutually interfere and decrease network’s performance..
Hide SSID: Enable Hide SSID will make the AP network’s SSID invisible. A device
can link with the AP only if correct SSID name is entered.
Isolation: Enable Isolation will prevent wireless clients to see each other on the
network.
TX Power Level: You can set your TX Output power level here. Please note the
maximum allowable TX output power in EU is 20dBm. Please do not exceed your
country’s legal limit.
4.4.4 Access Control
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control
The G.DUO allows you to define a list of MAC addresses that are allowed or denied to
4. WISP + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 42
access the wireless network. This function is available only for Access Point and Gateway
modes.
Access Control List
Disable: When selected, no MAC address filtering will be performed.
Allow list: When selected, data traffic from only the specified devices in the
table will be allowed in the network.
Deny list: When selected, data traffic from the devices specified in the table
will be denied/discarded by the network.
4.4.5 Associated Clients
Click on this to show the current wireless clients associated to the AP. It will display MAC
adderss, Trasmit packet, Tx rate, power saving, expire time, and signal strength.
5. Dual AP Mode
43 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for Dual Mode. Please be sure
to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial
Configurations” first.
It is highly recommended that you use 2 directional antennas in this mode to achieve larger
coverage and avoid mutual interference. If you need to use the supplied 2dBi omni
antennas, please adjust them according to the diagram below:
5.1 Application for Dual AP Mode
The Dual AP mode is designed to extend the wireless coverage of the Hotspot network.
Therefore, you should use directional antennas (like a 10dBi panel antenna) to let each
radio cover separate areas.
5 5. Dual AP Mode
5. Dual AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 44
5.2 Radio1 and 2: AP Mode Settings
Since both Radio1 and Radio2 are Access Point mode. The configuration menu are the
same. We will explain them together here. Radio1’s default SSID is “airlive1”, Radio2’s
default SSID is “airlive2”.
5.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings
Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. We
recommend leaving the setting at “802.11g/b”.
5. Dual AP Mode
45 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on
“Site Survey” button to scan for AP.
Channel: Wireless Channel used. For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is
channel 1~11.
5.2.2 Security Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings
Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data
encryption. The G.DUO features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,
WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal, WPA Mixed.
WEP
WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also
the least secure.
Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys
for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All
wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We
recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and
Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.
Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The
5. Dual AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 46
longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII
code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.
“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.
ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”
HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”
ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”
HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
“1234567890abcdef1234567890”
WPA-Personal, WPA2-Personal, WPA-Mixed (Pre-Shared Key)
The WPA Personal is also known as “WPA-PSK” encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access
(WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) that provides added
security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption).
The WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK.
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
5. Dual AP Mode
47 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX
format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.
Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
WPA-Enterprise, WPA2-Enterprise, WPA-Mixed Enterprise (Radius)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Enterprise uses Radius Server as the authenticator.
WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption). The
WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA or WPA2.
5.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings)
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance
5. Dual AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 48
Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation
threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of
256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate,
you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold.
RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for
transmission. Any unicast (data or control) frames larger than specified RTS threshold
must be transmitted following the RTS/CTS handshake exchange mechanism. The
RTS threshold should have a value between 256-2347 bytes, with a default of 2347. It
is recommended that this value does not deviate from the default too much.
Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its
existence. The beacon Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in
time unit of milliseconds. The default value is 100, and a valid value should be between
1 and 65,535.
AckTimeOut: When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will
waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only
wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. In most
conditions, please put ACKtimeout value at zero(default value). The AP will calculate
the ACKtimeout automatically when the value is zero. However, you can also enter
the ACKtimeout manually.
Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize
the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy"
network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short
Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum
performance is desired. If in a "noisy" network environment, the performance will be
decreased.
IAPP: IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol) is designed for the enforcement of unique
association throughout a ESS (Extended Service Set) and a secure exchange of
station’s security context between current access point (AP) and new AP during
handoff period.
BG Protection: The 802.11g standard includes a protection mechanism to ensure mixed 802.11b
and 802.11g operation. If there is no such kind of mechanism exists, the two kinds of standards may
mutually interfere and decrease network’s performance..
Hide SSID: Enable Hide SSID will make the AP network’s SSID invisible. A device
can link with the AP only if correct SSID name is entered.
Isolation: Enable Isolation will prevent wireless clients to see each other on the
5. Dual AP Mode
49 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
network.
TX Power Level: You can set your TX Output power level here. Please note the
maximum allowable TX output power in EU is 20dBm. Please do not exceed your
country’s legal limit.
5.2.4 Access Control
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control
The G.DUO allows you to define a list of MAC addresses that are allowed or denied to
access the wireless network. This function is available only for Access Point and Gateway
modes.
Access Control List
Disable: When selected, no MAC address filtering will be performed.
Allow list: When selected, data traffic from only the specified devices in the
table will be allowed in the network.
Deny list: When selected, data traffic from the devices specified in the table
will be denied/discarded by the network.
5.2.5 Associated Clients
Click on this to show the current wireless clients associated to the AP. It will display MAC
adderss, Trasmit packet, Tx rate, power saving, expire time, and signal strength.
5. Dual AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 50
6. Client + AP Mode
51 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for Client + AP Mode. Please be
sure to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and
“Initial Configurations” first.
It is highly recommended that you use directional antenna for Radio1 in this mode to
achieve larger coverage and avoid mutual interference. If you need to use the supplied
2dBi omni antennas, please adjust them according to the diagram below:
6.1 Application for Client + AP Mode
In this mode, the Radio1 is acting as wireless client to remote AP. Radio2 is performing as
an Access Point. This mode is best used as a wireless repeater to extend the signal from
remote Wireless Router.
6 6. Client + AP Mode
6. Client + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 52
6.2 Radio1: Client Mode Settings
The Radio1 is working as wireless Client to Remote AP.
When you select “Radio1” as the interface, the following screen will appear.
6.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings
Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. We
recommend to leave the setting at “802.11g/b”.
SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on
“Site Survey” button to scan for AP.
Channel: Wireless Channel used. For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is
channel 1~11. For Client and WISP mode, this field is applicable only in Adhoc
6. Client + AP Mode
53 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
mode.
6.2.2 Security Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings
Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data
encryption. The G.DUO features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,
WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal , WPA Mixed.
WEP
WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also
the least secure.
Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys
for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All
wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We
recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and
Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.
Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The
longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII
code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.
“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
6. Client + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 54
All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.
ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”
HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”
ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”
HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
“1234567890abcdef1234567890”
WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA-AUTO
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
that provides added security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the
CCMP (AES Encryption). The WPA Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using
both WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK.
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX
format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.
Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
6. Client + AP Mode
55 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
6.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings)
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance
Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation
threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of
256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate,
you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold.
RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for
transmission. Any unicast (data or control) frames larger than specified RTS threshold
must be transmitted following the RTS/CTS handshake exchange mechanism. The
RTS threshold should have a value between 256-2347 bytes, with a default of 2347. It
is recommended that this value does not deviate from the default too much.
Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its
existence. The beacon Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in
time unit of milliseconds. The default value is 100, and a valid value should be between
1 and 65,535.
AckTimeOut: When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will
waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only
wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. In most
conditions, please put ACKtimeout value at zero(default value). The AP will calculate
the ACKtimeout automatically when the value is zero. However, you can also enter
the ACKtimeout manually.
Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize
the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy"
network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short
6. Client + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 56
Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum
performance is desired. If in a "noisy" network environment, the performance will be
decreased.
IAPP: IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol) is designed for the enforcement of unique
association throughout a ESS (Extended Service Set) and a secure exchange of
station’s security context between current access point (AP) and new AP during
handoff period.
BG Protection: The 802.11g standard includes a protection mechanism to ensure mixed 802.11b
and 802.11g operation. If there is no such kind of mechanism exists, the two kinds of standards may
mutually interfere and decrease network’s performance..
Hide SSID: Enable Hide SSID will make the AP network’s SSID invisible. A device
can link with the AP only if correct SSID name is entered.
TX Power Level: You can set your TX Output power level here. Please note the
maximum allowable TX output power in EU is 20dBm. Please do not exceed your
country’s legal limit.
6.2.4 Site Survey
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey
You can scan for wireless networks around your location using the Site Survey function.
From the site survey function, you can also perform antenna alignment and establish
wireless connection
When you click on Site Survey, the following screen will appear. It might take awhile
depending on number of available APs in the area.
d
Click here to select
SSID for Association
or Signal Survey
To connect with the
selected SSID. This
function is available only
in Client Infrastructure or
Bridge Infrastructure
For antenna
alignment. It will
display and update
the Signal Strength
conitnously
6. Client + AP Mode
57 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
6.2.5 Signal Survey
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey -> Signal Survey
The Signal Survey will continuously display the SIGNAL STRENGTH value of the selected
SSID for antenna alignment purpose. To use Signal Survey function, please enter the
“Site Survey” function first; please refer to the instruction in the above section. Once you
select the ESSID and click on the “Signal Survey” button, the following screen will appear.
BSSID: This is the remote AP’s MAC address.
Channel: The current scanned channel
Signal Strength: This is signal strength number in percentage in 0 to 100 scale.
The higher the number, the better signal.
6.2.6 Enable MAC Clone (Single Ethernet Client)
When this function is enabled, G.DUO will replace the MAC address of Radio1 with the
first PC’s MAC address caught from the LAN port. It will allow one single Ethernet
client only. Please use this function only if you want to limit the Ethernet client to only
one.
6. Client + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 58
6.3 Radio2: AP Mode Settings
The Radio2 is working in Access Point Mode. The default SSID is “AirLive2”.
When you select “Radio2” as the interface, the following screen will appear:
6.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings
Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. We
recommend leaving the setting at “802.11g/b”.
SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on
“Site Survey” button to scan for AP.
Channel: Wireless Channel used. For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is
channel 1~11.
6.3.2 Security Settings
Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings
Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.
You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data
encryption. The G.DUO features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,
WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal , WPA Mixed.
WEP
WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also
the least secure.
6. Client + AP Mode
59 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual
Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys
for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All
wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We
recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.
Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and
Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.
Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The
longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII
code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.
“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).
All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.
Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.
ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”
HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”
ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13
ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”
HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26
Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,
“1234567890abcdef1234567890”
6. Client + AP Mode
AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual 60
WPA-Personal, WPA2-Personal, WPA-Mixed (Pre-Shared Key)
The WPA Personal is also known as “WPA-PSK” encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access
(WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) that provides added
security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption).
The WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK.
Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While
CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be
equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients
and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX
format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.
Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..
WPA-Enterprise, WPA2-Enterprise, WPA-Mixed Enterprise (Radius)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Enterprise uses Radius Server as the authenticator.
WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption). The
WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA or WPA2.

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