PBE Europe as Axell Wireless 55-2279SERIES 55-227901 UHF Line Amplifier User Manual UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier

Axell Wireless 55-227901 UHF Line Amplifier UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier

Revised Manual

Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 1 of 30 UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Product Description and User’s Manual Product Part No. 55-227901 Axell Wireless Limited Head Office: Aerial House, Asheridge Road, Chesham, Buckinghamshire, HP5 2QD, United Kingdom Tel: + 44 (0) 1494 777000 Fax: + 44 (0) 1494 777002 info@axellwireless.com www.axellwireless.com
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 2 of 30 Copyright © 2014 Axell Wireless Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this document may be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Axell Wireless Ltd. The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in this document are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by this document. The manufacturer's liability for any errors in the document is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services. This document has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using them. The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the documentation in the best way possible from the user's viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Axell Wireless sales representative. Contact Information Headquarters Axell Wireless Aerial House Asheridge Road Chesham Buckinghamshire HP5 2QD United Kingdom Tel: +44 1494 777000 Fax: +44 1494 777002 Commercial inquiries info@axellwireless.com Web site www.axellwireless.com Support issues support@axellwireless.com Technical Support Line, English speaking +44 1494 777 747 Contact information for Axell Wireless offices in other countries can be found on our web site, www.axellwireless.com
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 3 of 30 About This Manual This Product Manual provides the following information:  Description of the Amplifier  Procedures for setup, configuration and checking the proper operation of the Amplifier  Maintenance and troubleshooting procedures Users This Product Manual is intended for experienced technicians and engineers. It is assumed that the customers installing, operating, and maintaining Axell Wireless Amplifiers are familiar with the basic functionality of Amplifiers. Notice Confidential - Authorized Customer Use This document may be used in its complete form only and is solely for the use of Axell Wireless employees and authorized Axell Wireless channels or customers. The material herein is proprietary to Axell Wireless. Any unauthorized reproduction, use or disclosure of any part thereof is strictly prohibited. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Disclaimer of Liability Contents herein are current as of the date of publication. Axell Wireless reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice. The information furnished by Axell Wireless in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Axell Wireless assumes no responsibility for its use. In no event shall Axell Wireless be liable for any damage resulting from loss of data, loss of use, or loss of profits and Axell Wireless further disclaims any and all liability for indirect, incidental, special, consequential or other similes damages. This disclaimer of liability applies to all products, publications and services during and after the warranty period. Safety to Personnel  Before installing or replacing any of the equipment, the entire manual should be read and understood.  This equipment is to be installed only in a restricted access location.  Throughout this manual, there are "Caution" warnings. "Caution" calls attention to a procedure or practice, which, if ignored, may result in injury or damage to the system, system component or even the user. Do not perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until the described conditions are fully understood and met. CAUTION! This notice calls attention to a procedure or practice that, if ignored, may result in personal injury or in damage to the system or system component. Do not perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until described conditions are fully understood and met.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 4 of 30 Compliance with FCC FCC Part 15 This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, this equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to RF reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Ensure that the input levels to the Line Amplifier are correct and that the equipment gain is not excessive. Isolate or Relocate the Server Radiating antenna cable. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Unauthorized Changes to Equipment Changes or Modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment FCC RF Exposure Limits This unit complies with FCC RF exposure limits for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment can only be installed in in-building or tunnel applications and must be used as a line driver amplifier to drive radiating cable systems. There are no antennas used for the radiation, Radiating cables have a low level of coupling and as such the RF exposure is extremely low. As a precaution it is recommended that the radiating cable is operated at a minimum distance of 10 cm between the cable radiator and any person’s body.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 5 of 30 Radiating Antenna Installation CAUTION! This Equipment is designed as an in-line Radiating Cable booster and must not be used as a Class B Off-Air repeater. Installation of a radiating cable antenna must comply with the FCC RF exposure requirements. The radiating cable used for this transmitter must be mounted on permanent structures. The FCC regulations mandate that the EIRP of type B signal boosters should not exceed 5W. The radiating cable associated with In-Line Boosters has a high attenuation of coupling and as such a negative gain. The Line Amplifier has a maximum amplifier P1dB of +26.5dBm (0.44w), the radiating cable is typically -50dB radiating loss and therefore the ERP will always be below the 5W limit. Equation (1) - Max SERVICE antenna gain Not Applicable – Radiating cable fed equipment. Equation (2) - Max DONOR antenna gain Not Applicable – Radiating cable fed equipment Compliance with FCC deployment rule regarding the radiation of noise Good engineering practice must be used in regard to the signal booster’s noise radiation. Thus, the gain of the signal booster should be set so that the EIRP of the output noise from the signal booster should not exceed the level of -43 dBm in 10 kHz measurement bandwidth. In the event that the noise level measured exceeds the aforementioned value, the signal booster gain should be decreased accordingly. In general, the ERP of noise on a spectrum more than 1 MHz outside of the pass band should not exceed -70 dBm in a 10 kHz measurement bandwidth. The WMATA Line Amplifier (55-227901) signal booster has a noise level of below -90 dBm in 10 kHz measurement at 1 MHz spectrum outside the passband of the signal booster and an in-band noise level of -60 dBm (worst case) in a 10 kHz bandwidth. Conclusion: Good engineering practice requires that in general when the out of band noise measured at the service antenna input is more than -70 dBm per 10 kHz measurement bandwidth, an external band pass filter should be added to attenuate the out of band noise level. However, in this application using radiating cables, No further filtering will be required because of the cable coupling attenuation.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 6 of 30 General Safety Warnings Concerning Use of This System Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation and maintenance of this product. Only a qualified and authorized personnel should carry out adjustment, maintenance or repairs to the components of this equipment. NOTE: Please refer to Axell Wireless for additional information and for requests for notifications to authorities. Caution labels! Throughout this manual, there are "Caution" warnings. "Caution" calls attention to a procedure or practice, which, if ignored, may result in injury or damage to the system, system component or even the user. Do not perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until the described conditions are fully understood and met. Danger: Electrical Shock This equipment can either be installed indoors or outdoors. When installed outdoors - wet conditions increase the potential for receiving an electric shock when installing or using electrically powered equipment. To prevent electrical shock when installing or modifying the system power wiring, disconnect the wiring at the power source before working with un insulated wires or terminals. Caution: RF Exposure RF radiation, (especially at UHF frequencies) arising from transmitter outputs connected to AWL’s equipment, must be considered a safety hazard. This condition might only occur in the event of cable disconnection, or because a ‘spare’ output has been left un-terminated. Either of these conditions would impair the system’s efficiency. No investigation should be carried out until all RF power sources have been removed. This would always be a wise precaution, despite the severe mismatch between the impedance of an N type connector at 50Ω, and that of free space at 377Ω, which would severely compromise the efficient radiation of RF power. Radio frequency burns could also be a hazard, if any RF power carrying components were to be carelessly touched! Where the equipment is used near power lines or in association with temporary masts not having lightning protection, the use of a safety earth connected to the case-earthing bolt is strongly advised. Caution: Safety to personnel. Before installing or replacing any of the equipment, the entire manual should be read and understood. The user needs to supply the appropriate AC or DC power to the Line Amplifier. Incorrect power settings can damage the Line Amplifier and may cause injury to the user. Please be aware that the equipment may, during certain conditions become very warm and can cause minor injuries if handled without any protection, such as gloves Caution: Safety to equipment When installing, replacing or using this product, observe all safety precautions during handling and operation. Failure to comply with the following general safety precautions and with specific precautions described elsewhere in this manual violates the safety standards of the design, manufacture, and intended use of this product. Axell Wireless assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these precautions. This entire manual should be read and understood before operating or maintaining the Line Amplifier. Warning: Restricted Access Location Access to the Axell unit installation location is restricted to SERVICE PERSONNEL and to USERS who have been instructed on the restrictions and the required precautions to be taken. Attention: Electrostatic Sensitivity Observe electrostatic precautionary procedures. ESD = Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive Device. Semiconductor transmitters and receivers provide highly reliable performance when operated in conformity with their intended design. However, a semiconductor may be damaged by an electrostatic discharge inadvertently imposed by careless handling. Static electricity can be conducted to the semiconductor chip from the centre pin of the RF input connector, and through the AC connector pins. When unpacking and otherwise handling the Line Amplifier, follow ESD precautionary procedures including use of grounded wrist straps, grounded workbench surfaces, and grounded floor mats.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 7 of 30 Table of Contents 1. Antenna Specifications and Installation Criteria ........................................................................... 8 1.1. Base (Donor) Input ................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.1. Required Input Information ............................................................................................... 8 1.2. Service Antenna Requirements ............................................................................................... 9 1.2.1. Required Radiating Antenna Information .......................................................................... 9 1.3. RF Cabling Requirements ........................................................................................................ 9 2. Pre-Installation Requirements .................................................................................................... 10 2.1. Safety Guidelines ................................................................................................................... 10 2.2. Selecting a Location ............................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1. Cooling and Airflow ......................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2. Wall Compatibility ........................................................................................................... 10 2.2.3. Access to the Line Amplifier ........................................................................................... 10 3. WMATA Dual Band UHF Line Amplifier 55-227901 ................................................................... 11 3.1. Equipment Overview .............................................................................................................. 11 3.2. Theory of operation ................................................................................................................ 11 3.3. System Diagram .................................................................................................................... 12 3.4. Table of Components by Position Number ............................................................................ 13 3.5. Exploded schematic showing Downlink RF path and components ........................................ 14 3.6. Exploded schematic showing Uplink RF path and components ............................................ 15 3.7. Front View .............................................................................................................................. 16 3.8. Side Views ............................................................................................................................. 17 3.9. Interior Picture - Downlink Path ............................................................................................. 18 3.10. Interior Picture - Uplink Path .................................................................................................. 19 3.11. Specification ........................................................................................................................... 20 4. Installation – General Notes ....................................................................................................... 21 4.1. General Remarks ................................................................................................................... 21 4.2. Electrical Connections ........................................................................................................... 21 4.3. RF Connections ..................................................................................................................... 21 4.3.1. Termination of Unused Ports .......................................................................................... 21 4.4. Commissioning ...................................................................................................................... 22 4.5. RF Installation & Gain Calculations ....................................................................................... 22 5. Maintenance ............................................................................................................................... 23 5.1. Fault Finding .......................................................................................................................... 23 5.1.1. Quick Fault Checklist ...................................................................................................... 23 5.1.2 Fault Isolation ..................................................................................................................... 23 5.1.3. Downlink ......................................................................................................................... 24 5.1.4. Uplink .............................................................................................................................. 24 5.1.5. Checking service ............................................................................................................ 24 5.1.6. Fault repair ...................................................................................................................... 24 5.1.7. Service Support .............................................................................................................. 25 5.2. Tools & Test Equipment ......................................................................................................... 25 5.3. Care of Modules ..................................................................................................................... 26 5.3.1. General Comments ......................................................................................................... 26 5.3.2. LNA Replacement (general procedure) .......................................................................... 26 5.3.3. Module Replacement (general procedure) ..................................................................... 26 5.3.4. Power Amplifier Replacement (general procedure) ........................................................ 26 5.3.5. Low Power Amplifier Replacement (general procedure) ................................................ 27 5.3.6. Module Transportation: ................................................................................................... 27 Appendix A ........................................................................................................................................... 28 A.1. Glossary of Terms used in this document .............................................................................. 28 A.2. Key to Drawing Symbols used in this document .................................................................... 29 A.3. Document Amendment Record .............................................................................................. 30
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 8 of 30 1. Antenna Specifications and Installation Criteria WARNING!!! o This Dual Band Line Amplifier is specifically designed for in-line radiating cable operation and must not be directly connected to an off air radiating antenna. o The installer is held accountable for implementing the rules required for deployment. o Good engineering practice must be used to avoid interference. o Output power should be reduced to solve any IMD interference issues. This chapter provides information on the donor source feed and server output radiating infrastructure associated with the Line Amplifier equipment. 1.1. Base (Donor) Input The Base (Donor) input is normally provided from the attenuated end of an existing radiating cable of from an in-line coupler used to coupler off a sample of the main line signal for downlink amplification. In the uplink direction a low level signal is fed back into the donor cable for retransmission to the base station equipment. The output signal of the Line Amplifier is not transmitted to air. 1.1.1. Required Input Information You will require the following information:  Number of carriers  Carrier Power  Length and type of radiating coaxial cable connecting the Donor system to the Line Amplifier and the attenuation.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 9 of 30 1.2. Service Antenna Requirements WARNING!!! a. The installer is held accountable for implementing the rules required for deployment. b. Good engineering practice must be used to avoid interference. c. Output power should be reduced to solve any IMD interference issues” This product is designed as a Line Amplifier repeater to extend the signal coverage distance of a radiating cable system and must not be used as an off air repeater. 1.2.1. Required Radiating Antenna Information The following antenna requirements, specifications and site considerations should be met:  Service area type and size  Radiating Cable Coupling factor and longitudinal Attenuation  Distance from Mobile Mobile Signal = Line Amplifier Output – cable attenuation dB/100ft – cable coupling dB – distance correction. e.g. Typical 7/8” cable = loss 0.7dB / 100’ with Coupling Loss 80dB @ 6’ Thus for an 800’ cable with +10dBm input we have: +10 – (0.7*8) – 80 = -75.6dBm radiated signal from the cable at 6’ distance. 1.3. RF Cabling Requirements  For all coaxial connections to/from the Line Amplifier - high performance, flexible, low loss 50Ω coaxial communications cable.  All cables shall be weather-resistant type.  Make sure that cable and connector are compatible. Using cables and connectors from the same manufacturer is helpful.  All connectors must be clean and dry  Waterproof all outdoor connections using silicone, vulcanizable tape or other suitable substance as moisture and dust can impair RF characteristics.  Make sure enough room has been allocated for the bending radius of the cable. RF cables must not be kinked, cut or damaged in any way  Use jumper cable for easy installation. The RF Coaxial cable can be substituted at each end with a jumper cable.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 10 of 30 2. Pre-Installation Requirements 2.1. Safety Guidelines Before installing the Line Amplifier, review the following safety information:  Follow all local safety regulations when installing the Line Amplifier.  Only qualified personnel are authorized to install and maintain the Line Amplifier.  Ground the Line Amplifier with the grounding bolt located on the underside of the Line Amplifier  Do not use the grounding bolt to connect external devices.  Follow Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) precautions. 2.2. Selecting a Location Select a location that will take into account the following criteria:  Relative location of Radiating cable system and access  Cooling and airflow  Wall compatibility  Access to the equipment for installation or maintenance 2.2.1. Cooling and Airflow  Install the Line Amplifier in a shielded, ventilated, and easy-to-reach area.  The Line Amplifier is convection cooled so airflow and alternation should be possible.  Verify that ambient temperature of the environment does not exceed 50C (122F) 2.2.2. Wall Compatibility  Check the suitability of the wall on which the Line Amplifier is to be mounted.  The Line Amplifier wall mount brackets assembly should be fixed to a solid wall (these include brickwork, block work, and concrete.);  (Due to the weight of the Line Amplifier, it is NOT recommended to fix to a hollow wall). 2.2.3. Access to the Line Amplifier  Plan connection cable clearances - the RF and power connections located on the underside of the Line Amplifier will need at least 12” vertical clearance below the Line Amplifier to enable the connections to be made. The minimum bend radius for RF cables must not be less than the recommendations made by the cable manufacturer. Plan the cable runs and ensure adequate space is available.  Allow for door opening - ensure that there is sufficient space at the front of the Line Amplifier to allow the door to be fully opened and for maintenance engineers to get access to the unit with test equipment such as a spectrum analyser.  Allow space around the Line Amplifier - verify that there is a minimum of a 50 cm (20”) radius of space around the Line Amplifier, enabling easy access to the Line Amplifier for maintenance and on-site inspection. Allow an additional 50 cm of space in front of the Line Amplifier when the door is fully open.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 11 of 30 3. WMATA Dual Band UHF Line Amplifier 55-227901 3.1. Equipment Overview WMATA Dual Band UHF Line Amplifier 55-227901 is a Bi-directional Line Amplifier designed for Radiating Cable signal extension. The equipment consists of four signal paths (2 downlink and 2 uplink) to provide dual band operation. The two Downlink bands are: 489.5 MHz – 491.0 MHz & 496.0 MHz – 496.9 MHz. The two Uplink bands are: 492.5 MHz – 494.0 MHz & 499.0 MHz – 499.9 MHz. The equipment provides 17dB to 47dB of gain, via a number of amplifiers in each direction. An ALC system is fitted to each amplifier path to provide Automatic Level Control to prevent signal overload and interference. High selectivity band pass duplexers are used on both the downlink and uplink paths to provide isolation between the interleaved frequency bands. The equipment is built into a wall-mounted, environmentally protected NEMA lockable steel case, the RF ports and connectors are also NEMA rated to ensure a weatherproof product. A supply isolator switch is fitted inside the unit and there are Power On and Alarm indicators on the outside of the door. 3.2. Theory of operation Please refer to system Diagram para 3.3 which identify the component positions thus (x). The downlink input signal from the proceeding base station feeding radiating cable enters the donor input port and is fed to a circulator (1) which directs the transmission into the downlink duplexer (2). The downlink duplexer filters the signal to provide 2 downlink outputs to the amplifier chains. Each amplifier chain consists of a similar line up of components. The filtered downlink is fed via an adjustable attenuator (3 or 9) and into a low noise amplifier (4 or 10) which provides 28dB gain. The amplified signal is then fed via a diode attenuator module (5 or 11) which forms part of the ALC feedback control loop. The ALC attenuator then feeds the signal into an output amplifier (6 or 12) which provides 30dB gain but is restricted to 0.4W output power. The downlink signal then passes through the ALC detector (7 or 13), the ALC detector ensures that should the output power level become equal to or exceed the 0.4W threshold, a control voltage is fed back to the ALC attenuator to reduce the input drive level to prevent overload of the output amplifier. Following the detector the two downlink paths are recombined in the output duplexer (8) before passing through the server port circulator (14) and the 20dB signal monitor tapper (15) and out to the server radiating cable. The uplink input signal from the mobile feeding radiating cable enters the server input port and is fed via a 20dB signal monitor tapper (15) to a circulator (14) which directs the transmission into the uplink duplexer (16). The uplink duplexer filters the signal to provide 2 uplink outputs to the amplifier chains. Each amplifier chain consists of a similar line up of components. The filtered uplink is fed via a low noise amplifier (17 or 23) which provides 30dB gain and into an adjustable attenuator (18 or 24). The signal is then fed via a diode attenuator module (19 or 25) which forms part of the ALC feedback control loop. The ALC attenuator then feeds the signal into an output amplifier (20 or 26) which provides 32dB gain being restricted to 0.1W output power. The uplink signal then passes through the ALC detector (21 or 27), the ALC detector ensures that should the output power level become equal to or exceed the 0.1W threshold, a control voltage is fed back to the ALC attenuator to reduce the input drive level to prevent overload of the output amplifier. Following the detector the two downlink paths are recombined in the output duplexer (8) before passing through the donor port circulator (1) and out to the base station fed radiating cable.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 12 of 30 55-227901 RF system diagramWith component numberingDate: 18 February 2014Page 1 of 1A4 Drawn by: AJSNot to Scale© Axell Wireless 2014Aerial HouseAsheridge RoadCheshamBuckinghamshireHP5 2QD United KingdomTelephone: +44 (0) 1494 777000Facsimile: +44 (0) 1494 777002E-Mail: info@axellwireless.comwww.axellwireless.comDownlink InputUplink Output Downlink OutputUplink InputPA12-021601PA12-021601+30dB+30dBAGCAttenuator17-016401AGCAttenuator17-016401AGCAttenuator17-016401AGCAttenuator17-016401LNA11-008901LNA11-008901+28dB+28dBAGCDetector17-019801AGCDetector17-019801AGCDetector17-019801AGCDetector17-019801Isolator08-004014Isolator08-004014LPA12-030301LPA12-030301+32dB+32dBLNA11-007402LNA11-007402+30dB+30dB0 – 30dBAttenuator10-0007010 – 30dBAttenuator10-0007010 – 30dBAttenuator10-0007010 – 30dBAttenuator10-00070112V1.9A12V1.9A12V0.5A12V0.5ADuplexer1513001267Duplexer1513001266Duplexer1513001267Duplexer151300126612V0.23A12V0.23A12V0.33A12V0.33A20dB Non-directional tap151000014820dBc Test portAGCAGCAGCAGC489.5 – 491.0MHz496.0 – 496.9MHz492.5 – 494.0MHz499.0 – 499.9MHz492.5 – 494.0MHz499.0 – 499.9MHz489.5 – 491.0MHz496.0 – 496.9MHz12384567910 11 12 1314 15162217181920212324252627 3.3. System Diagram
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 13 of 30 3.4. Table of Components by Position Number Component position number Component description Component part number 1 “Base” port Isolator 08-004014 2 “Base” Downlink Duplexer 1513001267 3 489.5 MHz - 491.0MHz D/L path Variable Switched Attenuator 0-30dB 10-000701 4 489.5 MHz - 491.0MHz D/L path Low Noise Amplifier 28dB Gain 11-008901 5 489.5 MHz - 491.0MHz D/L path AGC Attenuator Module 17-016401 6 489.5 MHz - 491.0MHz D/L path Power Amplifier 20dB Gain 12-021601 7 489.5 MHz - 491.0MHz D/L path AGC Detector Module 17-019801 8 “Mobile” Downlink Duplexer 1513001267 9 496.0 MHz - 496.9MHz D/L path Variable Switched Attenuator 0-30dB 10-000701 10 496.0 MHz - 496.9MHz D/L path Low Noise Amplifier 28dB Gain 11-008901 11 496.0 MHz - 496.9MHz D/L path AGC Attenuator Module 17-016401 12 496.0 MHz - 496.9MHz D/L path Power Amplifier 20dB Gain 12-021601 13 496.0 MHz - 496.9MHz D/L path AGC Detector Module 17-019801 14 “Mobile” port Isolator 08-004014 15 Power Tapper 20dB 1510000148 16 “Mobile” Uplink Duplexer 1513001266 17 492.5 MHz - 494.0MHz U/L path Low Noise Amplifier 30dB Gain 11-007402 18 492.5 MHz - 494.0MHz U/L path Variable Switched Attenuator 0-30dB 10-000701 19 492.5 MHz - 494.0MHz U/L path AGC Attenuator Module 17-016401 20 492.5 MHz - 494.0MHz U/L path Low Power Amplifier 33dB Gain 12-030301 21 492.5 MHz - 494.0MHz U/L path AGC Detector Module 17-019801 22 “Base” Uplink Duplexer 1513001266 23 499.0 MHz - 499.9MHz U/L path Low Noise Amplifier 30dB Gain 11-007402 24 499.0 MHz - 499.9MHz U/L path Variable Switched Attenuator 0-30dB 10-000701 25 499.0 MHz - 499.9MHz U/L path AGC Attenuator Module 17-016401 26 499.0 MHz - 499.9MHz U/L path Low Power Amplifier 33dB Gain 12-030301 27 499.0 MHz - 499.9MHz U/L path AGC Detector Module 17-019801
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 14 of 30 #6#17#20#27 #19#25 #21#23#13 #5#11 #7#2#22#16#8#3#9#18#24#1#14#15#26#12#4 #10D/L I/PU/L O/PD/L O/PU/L I/P20dBTest PortDate: 18 February 2014© AWL 2014Page 1 of 1Size: A4Issue: 1Drawn by: AJSNot to Scale55-227901 Exploded schematicshowing Downlink RF path and components Aerial HouseAsheridge RoadCheshamBuckinghamshireHP5 2QD United KingdomTelephone: +44 (0) 1494 777000Facsimile: +44 (0) 1494 777002E-Mail: info@axellwireless.comwww.axellwireless.comaxellWIRELESS 3.5. Exploded schematic showing Downlink RF path and components
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 15 of 30 #6#17#20#27 #19#25 #21#23#13 #5#11 #7#2#22#16#8#3#9#18#24#1#14#15#26#12#4 #10D/L I/PU/L O/PD/L O/PU/L I/P20dBTest PortDate: 18 February 2014© AWL 2014Page 1 of 1Size: A4Issue: 1Drawn by: AJSNot to Scale55-227901 Exploded schematicshowing Uplink RF path and components Aerial HouseAsheridge RoadCheshamBuckinghamshireHP5 2QD United KingdomTelephone: +44 (0) 1494 777000Facsimile: +44 (0) 1494 777002E-Mail: info@axellwireless.comwww.axellwireless.comaxellWIRELESS 3.6. Exploded schematic showing Uplink RF path and components
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 16 of 30 3.7. Front View A Green LED “POWER ON” illuminated during normal operating conditions B Red LED “ALARM” illuminated during alarm conditions C Door locks D Lifting handles E FCC Compliance label
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 17 of 30 3.8. Side Views A Common RF port D/L I/P and U/L O/P, “Base” port B Common RF port D/L O/P and U/L I/P, “Mobile” port C 20dB test/monitor port D 3 Pole panel plug, AC Input E 6 Pole panel plug, Alarm Output F Grounding connection G Position of wall mount brackets (not fitted at time of photography)
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 18 of 30 3.9. Interior Picture - Downlink Path A Common RF port D/L I/P and U/L O/P, “Base” port B “Base” port Isolator C “Base” port Downlink Duplexer - position of, behind panel D 489.5 MHz - 491.0MHz Downlink path Variable Attenuator E 496.0 MHz - 496.9MHz Downlink path Variable Attenuator F Downlink paths Low Noise Amplifiers and AGC Detector and Attenuator Modules G 489.5 MHz - 491.0MHz Downlink path Power Amplifier H 496.0 MHz - 496.9MHz Downlink path Power Amplifier I “Mobile” port Downlink Duplexer - position of, behind panel J “Mobile” port Isolator K 20dB Non-directional Tap L Common RF port D/L O/P and U/L I/P, “Mobile” port M 20dB test/monitor port N Position of AC input and Alarm output O AC trip switch (96-300042) P PSU module (96-300052) Q 12V Relay PCB Assembly (80-008909)
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 19 of 30 3.10. Interior Picture - Uplink Path A Common RF port U/L I/P and D/L O/P, “Mobile” port B 20dB test/monitor port C 20dB Non-directional Tap D “Mobile” port Isolator E “Mobile” port Uplink Duplexer - position of, behind panel F 492.5 MHz - 494.0MHz Uplink path Variable Attenuator G 499.0 MHz - 499.9MHz Uplink path Variable Attenuator H Uplink paths Low Noise Amplifiers and AGC Detector and Attenuator Modules I 492.5 MHz - 494.0MHz Uplink path Low Power Amplifier J 499.0 MHz - 499.9MHz Uplink path Low Power Amplifier K “Base” port Uplink Duplexer - position of, behind panel L “Base” port Isolator M Common RF port U/L O/P and D/L I/P, “Base” port N Position of AC input and Alarm output O AC trip switch (96-300042) P PSU module (96-300052) Q 12V Relay PCB Assembly (80-008909)
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 20 of 30 LOCATION KEYPIN 1PIN 6PIN 2PIN 5PIN 3PIN 4 3.11. Specification Parameter Specification Downlink Frequency Range Band 1 489.5 – 491.0MHz Frequency Range Band 2 496.0 – 496.9MHz Maximum Gain 47dB Gain Adjustment (manual adjustment) 0 – 30dB in 2dB steps Output Test Port 20dBc Maximum RF Output Power +26dBm (AGC limit for FCC) In-Band Spurious Noise (30kHz B/W) < -30dBm Uplink Frequency Range Band 1 492.5 – 494.0MHz Frequency Range Band 2 499.0 – 499.9MHz Maximum Gain 47dB Gain Adjustment (manual adjustment) 0 – 30dB in 1dB steps Maximum RF Output Power +20dBm (AGC limit for FCC) Noise Figure 6dB In-Band Spurious Noise (30kHz B/W) < -30dBm General Case Size H x W x D 26.5” x 22.25” x 13” Case Material Steel Case Finish ANSI-61 Powder Coat AC Supply Voltage 110V RF Connectors N type female Alarms Fitted(1) Summary Alarm Output Volt free dry contact Temperature Range operation -4°F to +140°F storage -40°F to +158°F Humidity 95% RHNC (1) Volt free dry contact, Alarm connector pins 1 & 2 Closed = Good, Open = Alarm
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 21 of 30 4. Installation – General Notes 4.1. General Remarks When this equipment is initially commissioned, please keep a record of the initial set-up parameters, this will help both the installation personnel and Axell Wireless should these figures be needed for future reference or diagnosis. The procedure for installing and commissioning an Axell Wall Mount Line Amplifier is generally as follows: 1) Secure the Line Amplifier in the chosen wall position. 2) Fix the antenna and connect its cables to the Amplifier antenna ports. 3) Connect a suitable mains or battery power supply to the Amplifier 4) Calculate the attenuation settings required for the uplink and the downlink paths, and set the attenuators as described elsewhere in this document. 5) Switch the equipment mains on with the small switch located inside the Amplifier on the lower right hand side of the case. 6) If Input RF is available, then make test calls via the Amplifier to ensure correct operation, if possible monitoring the signal levels during these calls to ensure that the uplink and downlink RF levels are as anticipated. 4.2. Electrical Connections It is recommended that the electrical mains connection is made by a qualified electrician, who must be satisfied that the supply will be the correct voltage and of sufficient capacity. All electrical and RF connections should be completed and checked prior to power being applied for the first time. Ensure that connections are kept clean and are fully tightened. 4.3. RF Connections Care must be taken to ensure that the correct connections are made with particular attention made to the base station TX/RX ports. In the event that the base transmitter is connected to the RX output of the equipment, damage to the equipment will be done if the base station transmitter is then keyed. 4.3.1. Termination of Unused Ports In the event that any RF ports are unused (available for future expansion) these ports must be kept terminated with the load terminations supplied by Axell for that purpose Ensure that connections are kept clean and are fully tightened.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 22 of 30 4.4. Commissioning Once all connections are made the equipment is ready for commissioning. To commission the system the test equipment detailed in Section 5.2. will be required. Using the system diagrams and the end-to-end test specification (supplied with the equipment), the equipment should be tested to ensure correct operation. Typical RF levels that are not listed in the end-to-end specification, such as input levels to the fibre transmitters are detailed in the maintenance section of this manual. On initial power up the system alarm indicators on the front door of the equipment should be checked. A green LED on the front door of the unit illuminates to indicate that the power supply is connected to the unit In the event that any part of the system does not function correctly as expected, check all connections to ensure that they are to the correct port, that the interconnecting cables are not faulty and that they are tightened. The majority of commissioning difficulties arise from problems with the interconnecting cables and connectors. 4.5. RF Installation & Gain Calculations 1. Ensure that the in-line amplifier gain is set to minimum. Measure the signal level from the donor feeding cable and coupler to ascertain the RF input level and gain required. Note: Ensure that the number of potential carriers is known for the operating band. 2. The equipment gain is set by setting the variable switched attenuators in each path (uplink and downlink) refer to the photographs and layout drawings for the exact attenuator locations). Note that the uplink (mobile to base) and downlink (base to mobile) path gains are set independently. This allows the paths to have different gains if required to set the correct output power levels. 3. It is recommended that the gains are set such that the Downlink channel output levels from the equipment are typically +10dBm per channel (Input level + Gain = Output level).
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 23 of 30 5. Maintenance 5.1. Fault Finding 5.1.1. Quick Fault Checklist All Axell equipment is individually tested to specification prior to despatch. Failure of this type of equipment is not common. Experience has shown that a large number of fault conditions relating to tunnel installations result from simple causes often occurring as result of transportation, unpacking and installation. Below are listed some common problems which have resulted in poor performance or an indicated non-functioning of the equipment.  Mains power not connected or not switched on.  External connectors not fitted or incorrectly fitted.  Internal connectors becoming loose due to transport vibration.  Wiring becoming detached as a result of heavy handling.  Input signals not present due to faults in the preceding feeder system.  Base transmissions not present due to fault at the base station.  Modems fitted with incorrect software configuration. 5.1.2 Fault Isolation In the event that the performance of the system is suspect, a methodical and logical approach to the problem will reveal the cause of the difficulty. The System consists of modules fitted in a wall mounted, environmentally protected enclosure. Transmissions from the main base stations are passed through the system to the mobile radio equipment; this could be a handheld radio or a transceiver in a vehicle. This path is referred to as the downlink. The return signal path from the mobile radio equipment to the base station is referred to as the uplink. The first operation is to check the alarms of each of the active units and determine that the power supplies to the equipment are connected and active. If an amplifier is suspect, check the DC power supply to the unit. If no other fault is apparent use a spectrum analyser to measure the incoming signal level at the input and then after reconnecting the amplifier input, measure the output level. Consult with the system diagram to determine the expected gain and compare result. In the event that there are no alarms on and all units appear to be functioning it will be necessary to test the system in a systematic manner to confirm correct operation.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 24 of 30 5.1.3. Downlink Confirm that there is a signal at the expected frequency and RF level from the proceeding cable. If this is not present then the fault may lay outside the system. If a signal is not received at the output it will be necessary to follow the downlink path through the system to find a point at which the signal is lost. The expected downlink output for the given input can be found in the end-to-end test specification. 5.1.4. Uplink Testing the uplink involves a similar procedure to the downlink except that the frequencies used are those transmitted by the mobile equipment. 5.1.5. Checking service Following the repair of any part of the system it is recommended that a full end-to-end test is carried out in accordance with the test specification and that the coverage is checked by survey. It is important to bear in mind that the system includes a radiating cable network and base stations that may be faulty or may have been damaged. 5.1.6. Fault repair Once a faulty component has been identified, a decision must be made on the appropriate course to carry out a repair. A competent engineer can quickly remedy typical faults such as faulty connections or cables. The exceptions to this are cable assemblies connecting band pass filter assemblies that are manufactured to critical lengths to maintain a 50-ohm system. Care should be taken when replacing cables or connectors to ensure that items are of the correct specification. The repair of component modules such as amplifiers and band pass filters will not usually be possible in the field, as they frequently require specialist knowledge and test equipment to ensure correct operation. It is recommended that items of this type are replaced with a spare unit and the faulty unit returned to Axell Wireless for repair.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 25 of 30 5.1.7. Service Support Advice and assistance with maintaining and servicing this system are available by contacting Axell Wireless Ltd., see Contact Information. NOTE Individual modules are not intended to be repaired on site and attempts at repair will invalidate active warranties. Company policy is that individual modules should be repaired by replacement. Axell Wireless Ltd. maintains a level of stock of most modules which can usually be despatched at short notice to support this policy. 5.2. Tools & Test Equipment The minimum tools and test equipment needed to successfully service this Axell Wireless product are as follows:- Spectrum analyser 100kHz to 2GHz (Dynamic range = 90dB). Signal Generator 30MHz to 2GHz (-120dBm to 0dBm o/p level). Attenuator 20dB, 10W, DC-2GHz, (N male – N female). Test Antenna Yagi or dipole for operating frequency. Digital multi-meter Universal Volt-Ohm-Amp meter. Test cable x 2 N male – N male, 2M long RG214. Test cable x 2 SMA male – N male, 1m long RG223. Hand tools Philips #1&2 tip screwdriver. 3mm flat bladed screwdriver. SMA spanner and torque setter.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 26 of 30 5.3. Care of Modules 5.3.1. General Comments Many of the active modules contain semiconductor devices utilising MOS technology, which can be damaged by electrostatic discharge. Correct handling of such modules is mandatory to ensure their long-term reliability. To prevent damage to a module, it must be withdrawn and inserted with care. The module may have connectors on its underside, which might not be visible to the service operative. 5.3.2. LNA Replacement (general procedure) The following general instructions should be followed to remove a module: 1) Remove power to the unit 2) Remove all visible connectors (RF, DC & alarm) 3) Release module retaining screws. 4) Slowly but firmly, pull the module straight out of its position. Take care not to twist/turn the module during withdrawal. (When the module is loose, care may be needed, as there may be concealed connections underneath). 5.3.3. Module Replacement (general procedure) 1) Carefully align the module into its location then slowly push the module directly straight into its position, taking care not to twist/turn it during insertion. 2) Reconnect all connectors, RF, alarm, power etc., (concealed connectors may have to be connected first). 3) Replace retaining screws (if any). 4) Double-check all connections before applying power. 5.3.4. Power Amplifier Replacement (general procedure) 1) Remove power to the unit. (Switch off at mains/battery, or remove DC in connector) 2) Remove alarm wires from alarm screw terminal block or disconnect multi-way alarm connector. 3) Carefully disconnect the RF input and output coaxial connectors (usually SMA) If alarm board removal is not required, go to step 5. 4) There is (usually) a plate attached to the alarm board which fixes it to the amplifier, remove its retaining screws and the alarm board can be withdrawn from the amplifier in its entirety. On certain types of amplifier the alarm board is not mounted on a dedicated mounting plate; in this case it will have to firstly be removed by unscrewing it from the mounting pillars, in most cases, the pillars will not have to be removed before lifting the amplifier. 5) If the amplifier to be removed has a heatsink attached, there may be several different ways it can have been assembled. The most commonly used method, is screws through the front of the heatsink to threaded screw holes (or nuts and bolts), into the amplifier within the main case. If the heatsink is mounted on the rear of the main case (e.g., against a wall in the case of wall mounted enclosures), then the fixing method for the heatsink will be from within the case, (otherwise the enclosure would have to be removed from the wall in order to remove the heatsink).
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 27 of 30 When the heatsink has been removed, the amplifier may be unscrewed from the main casing by its four corner fixings and gently withdrawn. Fitting a new power amplifier module will be the exact reverse of the above. Note: Do not forget to apply fresh heatsink compound to the heatsink/main case joint and also between the amplifier and the main case. 5.3.5. Low Power Amplifier Replacement (general procedure)  Disconnect the mains power supply and disconnect the 24V dc supply connector for the LPA.  Disconnect the RF input and output cables from the LPA.  Disconnect the alarm connector.  Remove the LPA module by removing the four retaining screws, replace with a new LPA module and secure it with the screws.  Connect the RF cables to the LPA input and output connectors.  Reconnect the DC supply connector and turn the mains switch on. Note: Tighten SMA connectors using only a dedicated SMA torque spanner. If SMA connectors are over-tightened, irreparable damage will occur. Do not use adjustable pliers to loosen/tighten SMA connectors. Also take care not to drop or knock the module as this can damage (or misalign in the case of tuned passive modules) sensitive internal components. Always store the modules in an environmentally friendly location 5.3.6. Module Transportation: To maintain the operation, performance and reliability of any module it must be stored and transported correctly. Any module not installed in a whole system must be kept in an anti-static bag or container. These bags or containers are normally identified by being pink or black, and are often marked with an ESD label. Any module sent back to Axell Wireless for investigation/repair must be so protected. Please contact the Axell Wireless Network Services Support Desk before returning a module.
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 28 of 30 Appendix A A.1. Glossary of Terms used in this document Repeater or Cell Enhancer A Radio Frequency (RF) amplifier which can simultaneously amplify and re-broadcast Mobile Station (MS) and Base Transceiver Station (BTS) signals. Band Selective Repeater A Repeater designed for operation on a range of channels within a specified frequency band. Channel Selective Repeater A Repeater, designed for operation on specified channel(s) within a specified frequency band. Channel frequencies may be factory set or on-site programmable. AC Alternating Current AEM Axell Element Manager (Network control and monitoring software) AGC Automatic Gain Control BBU Battery Backup Unit BDA Bi-directional Amplifier BTS Base Transceiver Station (Base Station) B/W Bandwidth C/NR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio Critical Harness A coaxial cable harness with components of a critical length used to minimise phase discrepancies when joining signal paths of differing frequencies. DAS Distributed Antenna System DC Direct Current Downlink (D/L) Signals transmitted from the BTS to the Mobiles DSP Digital Signal Processing F/O Fibre Optic GND Ground ID Identification (Number) I/P Input LCX Leaky Coaxial Cable (Leaky Feeder). LED Light Emitting Diode LNA Low Noise Amplifier LPA Low Power Amplifier Mobile(s) Hand-portable or other “Mobile” RF Transceiver equipment MOU Master Optical Unit MTBF Mean Time Between Failures N/A Not Applicable N/C (of Relays) Normally Closed N/O (of Relays) Normally Open OFR On Frequency Repeater OIP3 Output Third Order Intercept Point O/P Output P1dB 1dB Compression Point PA Power Amplifier RF Radio Frequency RHNC Relative Humidity, Non Condensing RMC Repeater Maintenance Console (a GUI based Repeater management application) RSA Receiver/Splitter Amplifier RX Receiver (Received) SDR Software-Defined Radio S/N Serial Number TX Transmitter (Transmitted) Uplink (U/L) Signals transmitted from the Mobiles to the BTS UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio WDM Wave division multiplex Date Format Date Format used in this document is dd/mm/yyyy
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 29 of 30 A.2. Key to Drawing Symbols used in this document
Axell Wireless Limited Technical Literature UHF Dual Band Line Amplifier Document Number 55-227901HBK Issue No. 4 Date 23/06/2014 Page 30 of 30 A.3. Document Amendment Record Issue No. Date Incorporated by Section Amended Reason for new issue 1 10/01/2014 AJS Draft 2 18/02/2014 AJS Issue 3 17/06/2014 AJS FCC compliance changes

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