CONTENTS DE0 CV User Manual
DE0_CV_User_Manual_112
DE0_CV_User_Manual
DE0_CV_User_Manual_112
DE0_CV_User_Manual_112
DE0_CV_User_Manual_112
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DE0-CV User Manual
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DE0-CV User Manual
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CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 3
1. 1 Package Contents ............................................................................................................................ 3
1. 2 DE0-CV System CD ....................................................................................................................... 4
1. 3 Layout and Components ................................................................................................................. 4
1. 4 Block Diagram of the Cyclone V Starter Board .............................................................................. 6
1. 5 Getting Help .................................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 2 Control Panel ................................................................................................... 8
2. 1 Control Panel Setup......................................................................................................................... 8
2. 2 Controlling the LEDs, 7-segment Displays................................................................................... 10
2. 3 Switches and Push-buttons ............................................................................................................ 12
2. 4 SDRAM Controller and Programmer ........................................................................................... 12
2. 5 SD Card ......................................................................................................................................... 14
2. 6 VGA .............................................................................................................................................. 15
2. 7 Overall Structure of the DE0-CV Control Panel ........................................................................... 16
Chapter 3 Using the Starter Kit ..................................................................................... 18
3. 1 Configuration of Cyclone V FPGA on DE0-CV ........................................................................... 18
3. 2 Using the LEDs and Switches ....................................................................................................... 21
3. 3 Using the 7-segment Displays ....................................................................................................... 25
3. 4 Clock Circuitry .............................................................................................................................. 27
3. 5 Using 2x20 GPIO Expansion Headers .......................................................................................... 27
3. 6 Using VGA.................................................................................................................................... 30
3. 7 PS/2 Serial Port ............................................................................................................................. 32
3. 8 Micro SD-Card Socket .................................................................................................................. 33
3. 9 Using SDRAM .............................................................................................................................. 34
Chapter 4 DE0-CV System Builder ............................................................................... 37
4. 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 37
4. 2 General Design Flow..................................................................................................................... 37
4. 3 Using DE0-CV System Builder .................................................................................................... 38
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Chapter 5 Examples of Advanced Demonstrations ................................................... 43
5. 1 DE0-CV Factory Configuration .................................................................................................... 43
5. 2 SDRAM Test in Nios II ................................................................................................................. 45
5. 3 SDRAM Test in Verilog ................................................................................................................ 48
5. 4 PS/2 Mouse Demonstration........................................................................................................... 49
5. 5 Micro SD Card file system read .................................................................................................... 53
5. 6 VGA Pattern .................................................................................................................................. 57
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Chapter 1
Introduction
The DE0-CV presents a robust hardware design platform built around the Altera Cyclone V FPGA,
which is optimized for the lowest cost and power requirement for transceiver applications with
industry-leading programmable logic for ultimate design flexibility. With Cyclone V FPGAs, you
can get the power, cost, and performance levels you need for high-volume applications including
protocol bridging, motor control drives and capture cards, and handheld devices. The DE0-CV
development board includes hardware such as on-board USB Blaster, video capabilities and much
more. By leveraging all of these capabilities, the DE0-CV is the perfect solution for showcasing,
evaluating, and prototyping the true potential of the Altera Cyclone V FPGA.
The DE0-CV contains all components needed to use the board in conjunction with a computer that
runs the Microsoft Windows XP or later.
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Figure 1-1 shows a photograph of the DE0-CV package.
Figure 1-1 The DE0-CV package contents
The DE0-CV package includes:
The DE0-CV board
5V DC Power Supply
Type A Male to Type B Male USB Cable
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The DE0-CV System CD contains the documentation and supporting materials, including the User
Manual, Control Panel, System Builder, reference designs and device datasheets. User can
download this System CD from the web (http://cd-de0-cv.terasic.com).
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This section presents the features and design characteristics of the board.
A photograph of the board is shown in Figure 1-2 and Figure 1-3. It depicts the layout of the board
and indicates the location of the connectors and key components.
Figure 1-2 Development Board (top view)
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Figure 1-3 Development Board (bottom view)
This board has many features that allow users to implement a wide range of designed circuits, from
simple circuits to various multimedia projects.
The following hardware is provided on the board:
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FP
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Cyclone V 5CEBA4F23C7N Device
49K Programmable Logic Elements
3080 Kbits embedded memory
4 Fractional PLLs
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Serial Configuration device – EPCS64 on FPGA
On-Board USB Blaster (Normal type B USB connector)
JTAG and AS mode configuration supported
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64MB SDRAM, x16 bits data bus
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2x20 GPIO Header
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Uses a 4-bit resistor-network DAC
With 15-pin high-density D-sub connector
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Provides SPI and 4-bit SD mode for Micro SD Card access
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10 LEDs
10 Slide Switches
4 Debounced Push Buttons
1 CPU reset Push Buttons
Six 7-Segments
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5V DC input
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Figure 1-4 gives the block diagram of the board. To provide maximum flexibility for the user, all
connections are made through the Cyclone V FPGA device. Thus, the user can configure the FPGA
to implement any system design.
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Figure 1-4 Board Block Diagram
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Here are the addresses where you can get help if you encounter any problem:
Terasic Inc.
9F., No.176, Sec.2, Gongdao 5th Rd, East Dist, Hsinchu City, 30070. Taiwan
Email: support@terasic.com
Tel.: +886-3-5750-880
Web: http://www.DE0-CV.terasic.com
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Chapter 2
Control Panel
The DE0-CV board comes with a Control Panel program that allows users to access various
components on the board from a host computer. The host computer communicates with the board
through a USB connection. The program can be used to verify the functionality of components on
the board or be used as a debug tool while developing any RTL code.
This chapter first presents some basic functions of the Control Panel, then describes its structure in
the block diagram form, and finally describes its capabilities.
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The Control Panel Software Utility is located in the directory “Tools/ControlPanel” in the DE0-CV
System CD. It's free of installation, just copy the whole folder to your host computer and launch the
control panel by executing the “DE0CV_ControlPanel.exe”.
Specific control circuits should be downloaded to your FPGA board before the control panel can
request it to perform required tasks. The program will call Quartus II tools to download the control
circuit to the FPGA board through the USB-Blaster[USB-0] connection.
To activate the Control Panel, perform the following steps:
1. Make sure Quartus II 14.0 or a later version is installed successfully on your PC.
2. Set the RUN/PROG switch to the RUN position.
3. Connect the USB cable provided to the USB Blaster port, connect the 5V power supply, and
turn the power switch ON.
4. Start the executable DE0CV_ControlPanel.exe on the host computer. The Control Panel user
interface shown in Figure 2-1 will appear.
5. The DE0CV_ControlPanel.sof bit stream is loaded automatically as soon as the
DE0CV_ControlPanel.exe is launched.
6. In case of a disconnect, click on CONNECT where the .sof will be re-loaded onto the board.
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Please note that the Control Panel will occupy the USB port until you close that port; you cannot use Quartus II
to download a configuration file into the FPGA until the USB port is closed.
7. The Control Panel is now ready to use; experience it by setting the ON/OFF status for some
LEDs and observing the result on the DE0-CV board.
Figure 2-1 The DE0-CV Control Panel
The concept of the DE0-CV Control Panel is illustrated in Figure 2-2. The “Control Circuit” that
performs the control functions is implemented in the FPGA board. It communicates with the
Control Panel window, which is active on the host computer, via the USB Blaster link. The
graphical interface is used to send commands to the control circuit. It handles all the requests and
performs data transfers between the computer and the DE0-CV board.
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Figure 2-2 The DE0-CV Control Panel concept
The DE0-CV Control Panel can be used to light up LEDs, change the values displayed on the
7-segment, monitor buttons/switches status, read/write the SDRAM Memory, output VGA color
pattern to VGA monitor, read SD Card specification information. The feature of reading/writing a
word or an entire file from/to the Memory allows the user to develop multimedia applications
without worrying about how to build a Memory Programmer.
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A simple function of the Control Panel is to allow setting the values displayed on LEDs, 7-segment
displays.
Choosing the LED tab leads to the window in Figure 2-3. Here, you can directly turn the LEDs on
or off individually or by clicking “Light All” or “Unlight All”.
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Figure 2-3 Controlling LEDs
Choosing the 7-SEG tab leads to the window shown in Figure 2-4. From the window, directly use
the left-right arrows to control the 7-SEG patterns on the DE0-CV board which are updated
immediately. Note that the dots of the 7-SEGs are not enabled on the DE0-CV board.
Figure 2-4 Controlling 7-SEG display
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The ability to set arbitrary values into simple display devices is not needed in typical design
activities. However, it gives users a simple mechanism for verifying that these devices are
functioning correctly in case a malfunction is suspected. Thus, it can be used for troubleshooting
purposes.
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Choosing the Switches tab leads to the window in Figure 2-5. The function is designed to monitor
the status of slide switches and push buttons in real time and show the status in a graphical user
interface. It can be used to verify the functionality of the slide switches and push-buttons.
Figure 2-5 Monitoring switches and buttons
The ability to check the status of push-button and slide switch is not needed in typical design
activities. However, it provides users a simple mechanism to verify if the buttons and switches are
functioning correctly. Thus, it can be used for troubleshooting purposes.
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The Control Panel can be used to write/read data to/from the SDRAM chips on the DE0-CV board.
As shown below, we will describe how the SDRAM may be accessed; Click on the Memory tab and
select “SDRAM” to reach the window in Figure 2-6.
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Figure 2-6 Accessing the SDRAM
A 16-bit word can be written into the SDRAM by entering the address of the desired location,
specifying the data to be written, and pressing the Write button. Contents of the location can be read
by pressing the Read button. Figure 2-6 depicts the result of writing the hexadecimal value 06CA
into offset address 200, followed by reading the same location.
The Sequential Write function of the Control Panel is used to write the contents of a file into the
SDRAM as follows:
1. Specify the starting address in the Address box.
2. Specify the number of bytes to be written in the Length box. If the entire file is to be loaded,
then a checkmark may be placed in the File Length box instead of giving the number of bytes.
3. To initiate the writing process, click on the Write a File to Memory button.
4. When the Control Panel responds with the standard Windows dialog box asking for the
source file, specify the desired file location in the usual manner.
The Control Panel also supports loading files with a .hex extension. Files with a .hex extension are
ASCII text files that specify memory values using ASCII characters to represent hexadecimal
values. For example, a file containing the line
0123456789ABCDEF
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defines eight 8-bit values: 01, 23, 45, 67, 89, AB, CD, EF. These values will be loaded
consecutively into the memory.
The Sequential Read function is used to read the contents of the SDRAM and fill them into a file as
follows:
1. Specify the starting address in the Address box.
2. Specify the number of bytes to be copied into the file in the Length box. If the entire
contents of the SDRAM are to be copied (which involves all 64 Mbytes), then place a checkmark
in the Entire Memory box.
3. Press Load Memory Content to a File button.
4. When the Control Panel responds with the standard Windows dialog box asking for the
destination file, specify the desired file in the usual manner.
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The function is designed to read the identification and specification information of the SD Card.
The 4-bit SD MODE is used to access the SD Card. This function can be used to verify the
functionality of the SD Card Interface. Follow the steps below to perform the SD Card exercise:
1. Choosing the SD Card tab leads to the window in Figure 2-7.
2. Insert an SD Card to the DE0-CV board, and then press the Read button to read the SD Card. The
SD Card‟s identification, specification, and file format information will be displayed in the control
window.
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Figure 2-7 Reading the SD Card Identification and Specification
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DE0-CV Control Panel provides VGA pattern function that allows users to output color pattern to
LCD/CRT monitor using the DE0-CV board. Follow the steps below to generate the VGA pattern
function:
Choosing the VGA tab leads to the window in Figure 2-8.
Plug a D-sub cable to the VGA connector of the DE0-CV board and LCD /CRT monitor.
The LCD/CRT monitor will display the same color pattern on the control panel window.
Click the drop down menu shown in Figure 2-8 where you can output the selected pattern
individually.
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Figure 2-8 Controlling VGA display under Control Panel
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The DE0-CV Control Panel is based on a Nios II Qsys system instantiated in the Cyclone V FPGA
with software running on the on-chip memory. The software part is implemented in C code; the
hardware part is implemented in Verilog HDL code with Qsys builder. The source code is not
available on the DE0-CV System CD.
To run the Control Panel, users should follow the configuration setting according to Section 3.1.
Figure 2-9 depicts the structure of the Control Panel. Each input/output device is controlled by the
Nios II Processor instantiated in the FPGA chip. The communication with the PC is done via the
USB Blaster link. The Nios II interprets the commands sent from the PC and performs the
corresponding actions.
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Figure 2-9 The block diagram of the DE0-CV control panel
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Chapter 3
Using the Starter Kit
This chapter provides an instruction to use the board and describes the peripherals.
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The DE0-CV board contains a serial configuration device that stores configuration data for the
Cyclone V FPGA. This configuration data is automatically loaded from the configuration device
into the FPGA when powered on. Using the Quartus II software, it is possible to reconfigure the
FPGA at any time, and it is also possible to change the non-volatile data that is stored in the serial
configuration device. Both types of programming methods are described below.
1. JTAG programming: In this method of programming, named after the IEEE standards Joint Test
Action Group, the configuration bit stream is downloaded directly into the Cyclone V FPGA. The
FPGA will retain this configuration as long as power is applied to the board; the configuration
information will be lost when the power is turned off.
2. AS programming: In this method, called Active Serial programming, the configuration bit
stream is downloaded into the Altera EPCS64 serial configuration device. It provides non-volatile
storage of the bit stream, so that the information is retained even when the power supply to the
DE0-CV board is turned off. When the board‟s power is turned on, the configuration data in the
EPCS64 device is automatically loaded into the Cyclone V FPGA.
The sections below describe the steps to perform both JTAG and AS programming. For both
methods the DE0-CV board is connected to a host computer via a USB cable. Using this connection,
the board will be identified by the host computer as an Altera USB Blaster device.
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Configuring the FPGA in JTAG Mode
Figure 3-1 illustrates the JTAG configuration setup. To download a configuration bit stream into
the Cyclone V FPGA, you need to perform the following steps:
Ensure that power is applied to the DE0-CV board
Configure the JTAG programming circuit by setting the RUN/PROG slide switch (SW10) to the
RUN position (See Figure 3-2)
Connect the USB cable provided to the USB Blaster port on the DE0-CV board
The FPGA can now be programmed by using the Quartus II Programmer to select a
configuration bit stream file with the .sof filename extension
Figure 3-1 The JTAG configuration scheme
Figure 3-2 The RUN/PROG switch (SW10) is set in JTAG mode
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Configuring the EPCS64 in AS Mode
Figure 3-3 illustrates the AS configuration setup. To download a configuration bit stream into the
EPCS64 serial configuration device, you need to perform the following steps:
Ensure that power is applied to the DE0-CV board.
Connect the USB cable provided to the USB Blaster port on the DE0-CV board
Configure the JTAG programming circuit by setting the RUN/PROG slide switch (SW10) to the
PROG position.
The EPCS64 chip can now be programmed by using the Quartus II Programmer to select a
configuration bit stream file with the .pof filename extension.
Once the programming operation is finished, set the RUN/PROG slide switch back to the RUN
position and then reset the board by turning the power switch off and back on; this action causes
the new configuration data in the EPCS64 device to be loaded into the FPGA chip.
Figure 3-3 The AS configuration scheme
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Status LED
The FPGA development board includes board-specific status LEDs to indicate board status.
Please refer to Table 3-1 for the description of the LED indicator. Please refer to Figure 3-4 for
detailed LED location.
Table 3-1 Status LED
Board
Reference
LED Name
Description
D15
3.3-V Power
Illuminates when 3.3-V power is active.
D16
ULED
Illuminates when the on-board USB-Blaster is working
Figure 3-4 Status LED position
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User-Defined Push-buttons
The board includes four user defined push-buttons and one FPGA reset button that allow users to
interact with the Cyclone V device as shown in Figure 3-5. Each of these switches is debounced
using a Schmitt Trigger circuit, as indicated in Figure 3-6. The five outputs called KEY0, KEY1,
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KEY2, KEY3 and RESET_N of the Schmitt Trigger devices are connected directly to the Cyclone
V FPGA. Each push-button switch provides a high logic level when it is not pressed, and provides a
low logic level when depressed. Since the push-button switches are debounced, they are appropriate
for using as clocks or reset inputs in a circuit.
Figure 3-5 Connections between the push-button and Cyclone V FPGA
Pushbutton releasedPushbutton depressed
Before
Debouncing
Schmitt Trigger
Debounced
Figure 3-6 Switch debouncing
User-Defined Slide Switch
There are ten slide switches connected to FPGA on the board (See Figure 3-7). These switches are
not debounced, and are assumed for use as level-sensitive data inputs to a circuit. Each switch is
connected directly to a pin on the Cyclone V FPGA. When the switch is in the DOWN position
(closest to the edge of the board), it provides a low logic level to the FPGA, and when the switch is
in the UP position it provides a high logic level.
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Figure 3-7 Connections between the slide switches and Cyclone V FPGA
User-Defined LEDs
There are also ten user-controllable LEDs connected to FPGA on the board. Each LED is driven
directly by a pin on the Cyclone V FPGA; driving its associated pin to a high logic level turns the
LED on, and driving the pin low turns it off. Figure 3-8 shows the connections between LEDs and
Cyclone V FPGA. Table 3-2, Table 3-3 and Table 3-4 list the pin assignment of user push-buttons,
switches, and LEDs.
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Figure 3-8 Connections between the LEDs and Cyclone V FPGA
Table 3-2 Pin Assignment of Push-buttons
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
KEY0
PIN_U7
Push-button[0]
KEY1
PIN_W9
Push-button[1]
KEY2
PIN_M7
Push-button[2]
KEY3
PIN_M6
Push-button[3]
RESET_N
PIN_P22
Push-button which connected
to DEV_CLRN Pin of FPGA
Table 3-3 Pin Assignment of Slide Switches
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
SW0
PIN_U13
Slide Switch[0]
SW1
PIN_V13
Slide Switch[1]
SW2
PIN_T13
Slide Switch[2]
SW3
PIN_T12
Slide Switch[3]
SW4
PIN_AA15
Slide Switch[4]
SW5
PIN_AB15
Slide Switch[5]
SW6
PIN_AA14
Slide Switch[6]
SW7
PIN_AA13
Slide Switch[7]
SW8
PIN_AB13
Slide Switch[8]
SW9
PIN_AB12
Slide Switch[9]
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Table 3-4 Pin Assignment of LEDs
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
LEDR0
PIN_AA2
LED [0]
LEDR1
PIN_AA1
LED [1]
LEDR2
PIN_W2
LED [2]
LEDR3
PIN_Y3
LED [3]
LEDR4
PIN_N2
LED [4]
LEDR5
PIN_N1
LED [5]
LEDR6
PIN_U2
LED [6]
LEDR7
PIN_U1
LED [7]
LEDR8
PIN_L2
LED [8]
LEDR9
PIN_L1
LED [9]
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The DE0-CV board has six 7-segment displays. These displays are paired to display numbers in
various sizes. Figure 3-9 shows the connection of seven segments (common anode) to pins on
Cyclone V FPGA. The segment can be turned on or off by applying a low logic level or high logic
level from the FPGA, respectively.
Each segment in a display is indexed from 0 to 6, with corresponding positions given in Figure 3-9.
Table 3-5 shows the pin assignment of FPGA to the 7-segment displays.
Figure 3-9 Connections between the 7-segment display HEX0 and the Cyclone V FPGA
Table 3-5 Pin Assignment of 7-segment Displays
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
HEX00
PIN_U21
Seven Segment Digit 0[0]
HEX01
PIN_V21
Seven Segment Digit 0[1]
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HEX02
PIN_W22
Seven Segment Digit 0[2]
HEX03
PIN_W21
Seven Segment Digit 0[3]
HEX04
PIN_Y22
Seven Segment Digit 0[4]
HEX05
PIN_Y21
Seven Segment Digit 0[5]
HEX06
PIN_AA22
Seven Segment Digit 0[6]
HEX10
PIN_AA20
Seven Segment Digit 1[0]
HEX11
PIN_AB20
Seven Segment Digit 1[1]
HEX12
PIN_AA19
Seven Segment Digit 1[2]
HEX13
PIN_AA18
Seven Segment Digit 1[3]
HEX14
PIN_AB18
Seven Segment Digit 1[4]
HEX15
PIN_AA17
Seven Segment Digit 1[5]
HEX16
PIN_U22
Seven Segment Digit 1[6]
HEX20
PIN_Y19
Seven Segment Digit 2[0]
HEX21
PIN_AB17
Seven Segment Digit 2[1]
HEX22
PIN_AA10
Seven Segment Digit 2[2]
HEX23
PIN_Y14
Seven Segment Digit 2[3]
HEX24
PIN_V14
Seven Segment Digit 2[4]
HEX25
PIN_AB22
Seven Segment Digit 2[5]
HEX26
PIN_AB21
Seven Segment Digit 2[6]
HEX30
PIN_Y16
Seven Segment Digit 3[0]
HEX31
PIN_W16
Seven Segment Digit 3[1]
HEX32
PIN_Y17
Seven Segment Digit 3[2]
HEX33
PIN_V16
Seven Segment Digit 3[3]
HEX34
PIN_U17
Seven Segment Digit 3[4]
HEX35
PIN_V18
Seven Segment Digit 3[5]
HEX36
PIN_V19
Seven Segment Digit 3[6]
HEX40
PIN_U20
Seven Segment Digit 4[0]
HEX41
PIN_Y20
Seven Segment Digit 4[1]
HEX42
PIN_V20
Seven Segment Digit 4[2]
HEX43
PIN_U16
Seven Segment Digit 4[3]
HEX44
PIN_U15
Seven Segment Digit 4[4]
HEX45
PIN_Y15
Seven Segment Digit 4[5]
HEX46
PIN_P9
Seven Segment Digit 4[6]
HEX50
PIN_N9
Seven Segment Digit 5[0]
HEX51
PIN_M8
Seven Segment Digit 5[1]
HEX52
PIN_T14
Seven Segment Digit 5[2]
HEX53
PIN_P14
Seven Segment Digit 5[3]
HEX54
PIN_C1
Seven Segment Digit 5[4]
HEX55
PIN_C2
Seven Segment Digit 5[5]
HEX56
PIN_W19
Seven Segment Digit 5[6]
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3
3.
.
4
4
C
Cl
lo
oc
ck
k
C
Ci
ir
rc
cu
ui
it
tr
ry
y
Figure 3-10 shows the clock circuit of DE0-CV Board, the crystal 50 MHz buffered to four 50MHz
clock. The associated pin assignment for clock inputs to FPGA I/O pins is listed in Table 3-6.
Figure 3-10 Clock circuit of the FPGA Board
Table 3-6 Pin Assignment of Clock Inputs
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
CLOCK_50
PIN_M9
50 MHz clock input(Bank 3B)
CLOCK2_50
PIN_H13
50 MHz clock input(Bank 7A)
CLOCK3_50
PIN_E10
50 MHz clock input(Bank 8A)
CLOCK4_50
PIN_V15
50 MHz clock input(Bank 4A)
3
3.
.
5
5
U
Us
si
in
ng
g
2
2x
x2
20
0
G
GP
PI
IO
O
E
Ex
xp
pa
an
ns
si
io
on
n
H
He
ea
ad
de
er
rs
s
The board has two 40-pin expansion headers. Each header has 36 user pins connected directly to the
Cyclone V FPGA. It also comes with DC +5V (VCC5), DC +3.3V (VCC3P3), and two GND pins.
Both 5V and 3.3V can provide a total of 5W power.
Each pin on the expansion headers is connected to two diodes and a resistor for protection against
high or low voltage level. Figure 3-11 shows the protection circuitry applied to all 2x36 data pins.
Figure 3-11 shows the related schematics. Table 3-7 shows the pin assignment of two GPIO
headers.
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Figure 3-11 Connections between the GPIO header and Cyclone V FPGA
Figure 3-12 I/O distribution of the expansion headers
Table 3-7 Pin Assignment of Expansion Headers
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
GPIO_0_D0
PIN_N16
GPIO Connection 0[0]
GPIO_0_D1
PIN_B16
GPIO Connection 0[1]
GPIO_0_D2
PIN_M16
GPIO Connection 0[2]
GPIO_0_D3
PIN_C16
GPIO Connection 0[3]
GPIO_0_D4
PIN_D17
GPIO Connection 0[4]
GPIO_0_D5
PIN_K20
GPIO Connection 0[5]
GPIO_0_D6
PIN_K21
GPIO Connection 0[6]
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GPIO_0_D7
PIN_K22
GPIO Connection 0[7]
GPIO_0_D8
PIN_M20
GPIO Connection 0[8]
GPIO_0_D9
PIN_M21
GPIO Connection 0[9]
GPIO_0_D10
PIN_N21
GPIO Connection 0[10]
GPIO_0_D11
PIN_R22
GPIO Connection 0[11]
GPIO_0_D12
PIN_R21
GPIO Connection 0[12]
GPIO_0_D13
PIN_T22
GPIO Connection 0[13]
GPIO_0_D14
PIN_N20
GPIO Connection 0[14]
GPIO_0_D15
PIN_N19
GPIO Connection 0[15]
GPIO_0_D16
PIN_M22
GPIO Connection 0[16]
GPIO_0_D17
PIN_P19
GPIO Connection 0[17]
GPIO_0_D18
PIN_L22
GPIO Connection 0[18]
GPIO_0_D19
PIN_P17
GPIO Connection 0[19]
GPIO_0_D20
PIN_P16
GPIO Connection 0[20]
GPIO_0_D21
PIN_M18
GPIO Connection 0[21]
GPIO_0_D22
PIN_L18
GPIO Connection 0[22]
GPIO_0_D23
PIN_L17
GPIO Connection 0[23]
GPIO_0_D24
PIN_L19
GPIO Connection 0[24]
GPIO_0_D25
PIN_K17
GPIO Connection 0[25]
GPIO_0_D26
PIN_K19
GPIO Connection 0[26]
GPIO_0_D27
PIN_P18
GPIO Connection 0[27]
GPIO_0_D28
PIN_R15
GPIO Connection 0[28]
GPIO_0_D29
PIN_R17
GPIO Connection 0[29]
GPIO_0_D30
PIN_R16
GPIO Connection 0[30]
GPIO_0_D31
PIN_T20
GPIO Connection 0[31]
GPIO_0_D32
PIN_T19
GPIO Connection 0[32]
GPIO_0_D33
PIN_T18
GPIO Connection 0[33]
GPIO_0_D34
PIN_T17
GPIO Connection 0[34]
GPIO_0_D35
PIN_T15
GPIO Connection 0[35]
GPIO_1_D0
PIN_H16
GPIO Connection 1[0]
GPIO_1_D1
PIN_A12
GPIO Connection 1[1]
GPIO_1_D2
PIN_H15
GPIO Connection 1[2]
GPIO_1_D3
PIN_B12
GPIO Connection 1[3]
GPIO_1_D4
PIN_A13
GPIO Connection 1[4]
GPIO_1_D5
PIN_B13
GPIO Connection 1[5]
GPIO_1_D6
PIN_C13
GPIO Connection 1[6]
GPIO_1_D7
PIN_D13
GPIO Connection 1[7]
GPIO_1_D8
PIN_G18
GPIO Connection 1[8]
GPIO_1_D9
PIN_G17
GPIO Connection 1[9]
GPIO_1_D10
PIN_H18
GPIO Connection 1[10]
GPIO_1_D11
PIN_J18
GPIO Connection 1[11]
GPIO_1_D12
PIN_J19
GPIO Connection 1[12]
GPIO_1_D13
PIN_G11
GPIO Connection 1[13]
GPIO_1_D14
PIN_H10
GPIO Connection 1[14]
GPIO_1_D15
PIN_J11
GPIO Connection 1[15]
GPIO_1_D16
PIN_H14
GPIO Connection 1[16]
GPIO_1_D17
PIN_A15
GPIO Connection 1[17]
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GPIO_1_D18
PIN_J13
GPIO Connection 1[18]
GPIO_1_D19
PIN_L8
GPIO Connection 1[19]
GPIO_1_D20
PIN_A14
GPIO Connection 1[20]
GPIO_1_D21
PIN_B15
GPIO Connection 1[21]
GPIO_1_D22
PIN_C15
GPIO Connection 1[22]
GPIO_1_D23
PIN_E14
GPIO Connection 1[23]
GPIO_1_D24
PIN_E15
GPIO Connection 1[24]
GPIO_1_D25
PIN_E16
GPIO Connection 1[25]
GPIO_1_D26
PIN_F14
GPIO Connection 1[26]
GPIO_1_D27
PIN_F15
GPIO Connection 1[27]
GPIO_1_D28
PIN_F13
GPIO Connection 1[28]
GPIO_1_D29
PIN_F12
GPIO Connection 1[29]
GPIO_1_D30
PIN_G16
GPIO Connection 1[30]
GPIO_1_D31
PIN_G15
GPIO Connection 1[31]
GPIO_1_D32
PIN_G13
GPIO Connection 1[32]
GPIO_1_D33
PIN_G12
GPIO Connection 1[33]
GPIO_1_D34
PIN_J17
GPIO Connection 1[34]
GPIO_1_D35
PIN_K16
GPIO Connection 1[35]
3
3.
.
6
6
U
Us
si
in
ng
g
V
VG
GA
A
The DE0-CV board includes a 16-pin D-SUB connector for VGA output. The VGA synchronization
signals are provided directly from the Cyclone V FPGA, and a 4-bit DAC using resistor network is
used to produce the analog data signals (red, green, and blue). The associated schematic is given in
Figure 3-13 and can support standard VGA resolution (640x480 pixels, at 25 MHz).
Figure 3-13 Connections between the FPGA and VGA
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The timing specification for VGA synchronization and RGB (red, green, blue) data can be easily
found on website nowadays. Figure 3-13 illustrates the basic timing requirements for each row
(horizontal) displayed on a VGA monitor. An active-low pulse of specific duration is applied to the
horizontal synchronization (hsync) input of the monitor, which signifies the end of one row of data
and the start of the next. The data (RGB) output to the monitor must be off (driven to 0 V) for a
time period called the back porch (b) after the hsync pulse occurs, which is followed by the display
interval (c). During the data display interval the RGB data drives each pixel in turn across the row
being displayed. Finally, there is a time period called the front porch (d) where the RGB signals
must again be off before the next hsync pulse can occur. The timing of vertical synchronization
(vsync) is similar to the one shown in Figure 3-14, except that a vsync pulse signifies the end of
one frame and the start of the next, and the data refers to the set of rows in the frame (horizontal
timing). Table 3-8 and Table 3-9 show different resolutions and durations of time period a, b, c, and
d for both horizontal and vertical timing.
The pin assignments between the Cyclone V FPGA and the VGA connector are listed in Table
3-10.
Figure 3-14 VGA horizontal timing specification
Table 3-8 VGA Horizontal Timing Specification
VGA mode
Horizontal Timing Spec
Configuration
Resolution(HxV)
a(pixel
clock
cycle)
b(pixel
clock
cycle)
c(pixel
clock
cycle)
d(pixel
clock
cycle)
Pixel clock(MHz)
VGA(60Hz)
640x480
96
48
640
16
25
Table 3-9 VGA Vertical Timing Specification
VGA mode
Vertical Timing Spec
Configuration
Resolution(HxV)
a(lines)
b(lines)
c(lines)
d(lines)
Pixel clock(MHz)
VGA(60Hz)
640x480
2
33
480
10
25
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Table 3-10 Pin Assignment of VGA
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
VGA_R0
PIN_A9
VGA Red[0]
VGA_R1
PIN_B10
VGA Red[1]
VGA_R2
PIN_C9
VGA Red[2]
VGA_R3
PIN_A5
VGA Red[3]
VGA_G0
PIN_L7
VGA Green[0]
VGA_G1
PIN_K7
VGA Green[1]
VGA_G2
PIN_J7
VGA Green[2]
VGA_G3
PIN_J8
VGA Green[3]
VGA_B0
PIN_B6
VGA Blue[0]
VGA_B1
PIN_B7
VGA Blue[1]
VGA_B2
PIN_A8
VGA Blue[2]
VGA_B3
PIN_A7
VGA Blue[3]
VGA_HS
PIN_H8
VGA H_SYNC
VGA_VS
PIN_G8
VGA V_SYNC
3
3.
.
7
7
P
PS
S/
/2
2
S
Se
er
ri
ia
al
l
P
Po
or
rt
t
The DE0-CV board comes with a standard PS/2 interface and a connector for a PS/2 keyboard or
mouse. Figure 3-15 shows the connection of PS/2 circuit to the FPGA. Users can use the PS/2
keyboard and mouse on the DE0-CV board simultaneously by a PS/2 Y-Cable, as shown in Figure
3-16. Instructions on how to use PS/2 mouse and/or keyboard can be found on various educational
websites. The pin assignment associated to this interface is shown in Table 3-11.
Note: If users connect only one PS/2 equipment, the PS/2 signals connected to the FPGA I/O
should be “PS2_CLK” and “PS2_DAT”.
Figure 3-15 Connections between the FPGA and PS/2
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Figure 3-16 Y-Cable for using keyboard and mouse simultaneously
Table 3-11 Pin Assignment of PS/2
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
PS2_CLK
PIN_D3
PS/2 Clock
PS2_DAT
PIN_G2
PS/2 Data
PS2_CLK2
PIN_E2
PS/2 Clock (reserved for second PS/2 device)
PS2_DAT2
PIN_G1
PS/2 Data (reserved for second PS/2 device)
3
3.
.
8
8
M
Mi
ic
cr
ro
o
S
SD
D-
-C
Ca
ar
rd
d
S
So
oc
ck
ke
et
t
The development board supports Micro SD card interface using x4 data lines. Figure 3-17 shows
the related signals connections between the SD Card and Cyclone V FPGA and Figure 3-18 shows
micro SD card plug-in position.
Finally, Table 3-12 lists all the associated pins.
Figure 3-17 Connection between the SD Card Socket and Cyclone V FPGA
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Figure 3-18 Micro SD Card
Table 3-12 Pin Assignment of Micro SD Card Socket
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
SD_CLK
PIN_H11
Serial Clock
SD_CMD
PIN_B11
Command, Response
SD_DATA0
PIN_K9
Serial Data 0
SD_DATA1
PIN_D12
Serial Data 1
SD_DATA2
PIN_E12
Serial Data 2
SD_DATA3
PIN_C11
Serial Data 3
3
3.
.
9
9
U
Us
si
in
ng
g
S
SD
DR
RA
AM
M
The board features 64MB of SDRAM with a single 64MB (32Mx16) SDRAM chip. The chip
consists of 16-bit data line, control line, and address line connected to the FPGA. This chip uses the
3.3V LVCMOS signaling standard. Connections between the FPGA and SDRAM are shown in
Figure 3-19, and the pin assignment is listed in Table 3-13.
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Figure 3-19 Connections between the FPGA and SDRAM
Table 3-13 Pin Assignment of SDRAM
Signal Name
FPGA Pin No.
Description
DRAM_ADDR0
PIN_W8
SDRAM Address[0]
DRAM_ADDR1
PIN_T8
SDRAM Address[1]
DRAM_ADDR2
PIN_U11
SDRAM Address[2]
DRAM_ADDR3
PIN_Y10
SDRAM Address[3]
DRAM_ADDR4
PIN_N6
SDRAM Address[4]
DRAM_ADDR5
PIN_AB10
SDRAM Address[5]
DRAM_ADDR6
PIN_P12
SDRAM Address[6]
DRAM_ADDR7
PIN_P7
SDRAM Address[7]
DRAM_ADDR8
PIN_P8
SDRAM Address[8]
DRAM_ADDR9
PIN_R5
SDRAM Address[9]
DRAM_ADDR10
PIN_U8
SDRAM Address[10]
DRAM_ADDR11
PIN_P6
SDRAM Address[11]
DRAM_ADDR12
PIN_R7
SDRAM Address[12]
DRAM_DQ0
PIN_Y9
SDRAM Data[0]
DRAM_DQ1
PIN_T10
SDRAM Data[1]
DRAM_DQ2
PIN_R9
SDRAM Data[2]
DRAM_DQ3
PIN_Y11
SDRAM Data[3]
DRAM_DQ4
PIN_R10
SDRAM Data[4]
DRAM_DQ5
PIN_R11
SDRAM Data[5]
DRAM_DQ6
PIN_R12
SDRAM Data[6]
DRAM_DQ7
PIN_AA12
SDRAM Data[7]
DRAM_DQ8
PIN_AA9
SDRAM Data[8]
DRAM_DQ9
PIN_AB8
SDRAM Data[9]
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DRAM_DQ10
PIN_AA8
SDRAM Data[10]
DRAM_DQ11
PIN_AA7
SDRAM Data[11]
DRAM_DQ12
PIN_V10
SDRAM Data[12]
DRAM_DQ13
PIN_V9
SDRAM Data[13]
DRAM_DQ14
PIN_U10
SDRAM Data[14]
DRAM_DQ15
PIN_T9
SDRAM Data[15]
DRAM_BA0
PIN_T7
SDRAM Bank Address[0]
DRAM_BA1
PIN_AB7
SDRAM Bank Address[1]
DRAM_LDQM
PIN_U12
SDRAM byte Data Mask[0]
DRAM_UDQM
PIN_N8
SDRAM byte Data Mask[1]
DRAM_RAS_N
PIN_AB6
SDRAM Row Address Strobe
DRAM_CAS_N
PIN_V6
SDRAM Column Address Strobe
DRAM_CKE
PIN_R6
SDRAM Clock Enable
DRAM_CLK
PIN_AB11
SDRAM Clock
DRAM_WE_N
PIN_AB5
SDRAM Write Enable
DRAM_CS_N
PIN_U6
SDRAM Chip Select
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Chapter 4
DE0-CV System Builder
This chapter describes how users can create a custom design project with the tool named DE0-CV
System Builder.
4. 1 Introduction
The DE0-CV System Builder is a Windows-based utility. It is designed to help users create a
Quartus II project for DE0-CV within minutes. The generated Quartus II project files include:
Quartus II project file (.qpf)
Quartus II setting file (.qsf)
Top-level design file (.v)
Synopsis design constraints file (.sdc)
Pin assignment document (.htm)
The above files generated by the DE0-CV System Builder can also prevent occurrence of situations
that are prone to compilation error when users manually edit the top-level design file or place pin
assignment. The common mistakes that users encounter are:
Board is damaged due to incorrect bank voltage setting or pin assignment.
Board is malfunctioned because of wrong device chosen, declaration of pin location or direction
is incorrect or forgotten.
Performance degradation due to improper pin assignment.
4. 2 General Design Flow
This section provides an introduction to the design flow of building a Quartus II project for
DE0-CV under the DE0-CV System Builder. The design flow is illustrated in Figure 4-1.
The DE0-CV System Builder will generate two major files, a top-level design file (.v) and a
Quartus II setting file (.qsf) after users launch the DE0-CV System Builder and create a new project
according to their design requirements
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The top-level design file contains a top-level Verilog HDL wrapper for users to add their own
design/logic. The Quartus II setting file contains information such as FPGA device type, top-level
pin assignment, and the I/O standard for each user-defined I/O pin.
Finally, the Quartus II programmer is used to download .sof file to the development board via JTAG
interface.
Figure 4-1 Design flow of building a project from the beginning to the end
4. 3 Using DE0-CV System Builder
This section provides the procedures in details on how to use the DE0-CV System Builder.
Install and Launch the DE0-CV System Builder
The DE0-CV System Builder is located in the directory: “Tools\SystemBuilder” of the DE0-CV
System CD. Users can copy the entire folder to a host computer without installing the utility. A
window will pop up, as shown in Figure 4-2, after executing the DE0-CV SystemBuilder.exe on the
host computer.
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Figure 4-2 The GUI of DE0-CV System Builder
Enter Project Name
Enter the project name in the circled area, as shown in Figure 4-3.
The project name typed in will be assigned automatically as the name of your top-level design
entity.
Figure 4-3 Enter the project name
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System Configuration
Users are given the flexibility in the System Configuration to include their choice of components in
the project, as shown in Figure 4-4. Each component onboard is listed and users can enable or
disable one or more components at will. If a component is enabled, the DE0-CV System Builder
will automatically generate its associated pin assignment, including the pin name, pin location, pin
direction, and I/O standard.
Figure 4-4 System configuration group
GPIO Expansion
If users connect any Terasic GPIO-based daughter card to the GPIO connector(s) on DE0-CV, the
DE0-CV System Builder can generate a project that include the corresponding module, as shown in
Figure 4-5. It will also generate the associated pin assignment automatically, including pin name,
pin location, pin direction, and I/O standard.
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Figure 4-5 GPIO expansion group
The “Prefix Name” is an optional feature that denote the pin name of the daughter card assigned in
your design. Users may leave this field blank.
Project Setting Management
The DE0-CV System Builder also provides the option to load a setting or save users‟ current board
configuration in .cfg file, as shown in Figure 4-6.
Figure 4-6 Project Settings
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Project Generation
When users press the Generate button as shown in Figure 4-7, the DE0-CV System Builder will
generate the corresponding Quartus II files and documents, as listed in Table 4-1:
Figure 4-7 Generate Quartus Project
Table 4-1 Files generated by the DE0-CV System Builder
No.
Filename
Description
1
<Project name>.v
Top level Verilog HDL file for Quartus II
2
<Project name>.qpf
Quartus II Project File
3
<Project name>.qsf
Quartus II Setting File
4
<Project name>.sdc
Synopsis Design Constraints file for Quartus II
5
<Project name>.htm
Pin Assignment Document
Users can add custom logic into the project in Quartus II and compile the project to generate the
SRAM Object File (.sof).
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Chapter 5
Examples of Advanced
Demonstrations
This chapter provides examples of advanced designs implemented by RTL or Qsys on the DE0-CV
board. These reference designs cover the features of peripherals connected to the FPGA, such as
PS/2, SDRAM, and SD card. All the associated files can be found in the directory \Demonstrations
of DE0-CV System CD.
Installation of Demonstrations
To install the demonstrations on your computer:
Copy the folder Demonstrations to a local directory of your choice. It is important to make sure the
path to your local directory contains NO space. Otherwise it will lead to error in Nios II.
Note : Quartus II v14.0 or later is required for all DE0-CV demonstrations to support Cyclone V
FPGA device.
5
5.
.
1
1
D
DE
E0
0-
-C
CV
V
F
Fa
ac
ct
to
or
ry
y
C
Co
on
nf
fi
ig
gu
ur
ra
at
ti
io
on
n
The DE0-CV board has a default configuration bit-stream pre-programmed, which demonstrates
some of the basic features onboard. The setup required for this demonstration and the location of its
files are shown below.
D
De
em
mo
on
ns
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n
F
Fi
il
le
e
L
Lo
oc
ca
at
ti
io
on
ns
s
Project directory: DE0_CV_Default
Bitstream used: DE0_CV_Default.sof ,DE0_CV_Default.pof or DE0_CV_Default.jic
D
De
em
mo
on
ns
st
tr
ra
at
ti
io
on
n
S
Se
et
tu
up
p
a
an
nd
d
I
In
ns
st
tr
ru
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Power on the DE0-CV board with the USB cable connected to the USB-Blaster port. If necessary
(that is, if the default factory configuration is not currently stored in the EPCS device), download
the bit stream to the board via JTAG interface.
You should now be able to observe the 7-segment displays are showing a sequence of characters,
and the red LEDs are blinking.
Press FPGA_RESET to make LEDs and 7 SEGs all light on.
If the VGA D-SUB connector is connected to a VGA display, it would show a color picture.
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Configuring the EPCS64 in AS Mode
1. Ensure that power is applied to the DE0_CV board.
2. Connect the supplied USB cable to the USB Blaster port on the DE0-CV board
3. Configure the JTAG programming circuit by setting the RUN/PROG slide switch (SW10) to
the PROG position.
4. Execute the demo batch file “pof_DE0_CV_Default.bat” for USB-Blaster under the batch
file folder, DE0_CV_Default /demo_batch.
5. Once the programming operation is finished, set the RUN/PROG slide switch back to the
RUN position and then reset the board by turning the power switch off and back on; this
action causes the new configuration data in the EPCS64 device to be loaded into the FPGA
chip.
Configuring the EPCS64 with .JIC File
1. Ensure that power is applied to the DE0_CV board.
2. Connect the supplied USB cable to the USB Blaster port on the DE0-CV board.
3. Execute the demo batch file “ DE0_CV_Default.bat” for USB-Blaster under the batch file
folder, DE0_CV_Default /demo_batch.
4. As shown in Figure 5-1, It is able to not only load the bit stream into the FPGA in command
line, but also program or erase .jic file to the EPCS by executing the batch file.
5. If users want to program a new design into the EPCS device, an easy method is to copy the
new .sof file (file name must be DE0_CV_Default.sof) into the demo_batch folder and
execute the DE0_CV_Default.bat. Option “2” will convert the .sof to .jic and option”3” will
program .jic file into the EPCS device.
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Figure 5-1 Command line of the batch file to program the FPGA and EPCS device
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There are many applications using SDRAM as a temporary storage. Both hardware and software
designs are provided to illustrate how to perform memory access in Qsys in this demonstration. It
also shows how Altera‟s SDRAM controller IP accesses SDRAM and how the Nios II processor
reads and writes the SDRAM for hardware verification. The SDRAM controller handles complex
aspects of accessing SDRAM such as initializing the memory device, managing SDRAM banks,
and keeping the devices refreshed at certain interval.
System Block Diagram
Figure 5-2 shows the system block diagram of this demonstration. The system requires a 50 MHz
clock input from the board. The SDRAM controller is configured as a 64MB controller. The
working frequency of the SDRAM controller is 143 MHz, and the Nios II program is running on
the on-chip memory.
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Figure 5-2 Block diagram of the SDRAM test in Nios II
The system flow is controlled by a program running in Nios II. The Nios II program writes test
patterns into the entire 64MB of SDRAM first before calling the Nios II system function,
alt_dcache_flush_all, to make sure all the data are written to the SDRAM. It then reads data from
the SDRAM for data verification. The program will show the progress in nios-terminal when
writing/reading data to/from the SDRAM. When the verification process reaches 100%, the result
will be displayed in nios-terminal.
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Quartus II v14.0
Nios II Eclipse v14.0
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Quartus project directory: DE0_CV_SDRAM_Nios_Test
Nios II Eclipse directory: DE0_CV_SDRAM_Nios_Test \Software
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Click “Clean” from the “Project” menu of Nios II Eclipse before compiling the reference design
in Nios II Eclipse.
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The files are located in the director: \DE0_CV_SDRAM_Nios_Test \demo_batch.
The folder includes the following files:
Batch file for USB-Blaster II : DE0_CV_SDRAM_Nios_Test.bat and
DE0_CV_SDRAM_Nios_Test.sh
FPGA configuration file : DE0_CV_SDRAM_Nios_Test.sof
Nios II program: DE0_CV_SDRAM_Nios_Test.elf
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Quartus II v14.0 and Nios II v14.0 must be pre-installed on the host PC.
Power on the DE0_CV board.
Connect the DE0_CV board (J13) to the host PC with a USB cable and install the USB-Blaster
driver if necessary.
Execute the demo batch file “DE0_CV_SDRAM_Nios_Test.bat” from the directory
DE0_CV_SDRAM_Nios_Test\demo_batch
After the program is downloaded and executed successfully, a prompt message will be displayed
in nios2-terminal.
Press any button (KEY3~KEY0) to start the SDRAM verification process. Press KEY0 to run
the test continuously.
The program will display the test progress and result, as shown in Figure 5-3.
Figure 5-3 Display of progress and result for the SDRAM test in Nios II
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DE0_CV system CD offers another SDRAM test with its test code written in Verilog HDL. The
memory size of the SDRAM bank tested is still 64MB.
Function Block Diagram
Figure 5-4 shows the function block diagram of this demonstration. The SDRAM controller uses 50
MHz as a reference clock and generates 100 MHz as the memory clock.
Figure 5-4 Block diagram of the SDRAM test in Verilog
RW_Test module writes the entire memory with a test sequence first before comparing the data read
back with the regenerated test sequence, which is same as the data written to the memory. KEY0
triggers test control signals for the SDRAM, and the LEDs will indicate the test result according to
Table 5-1.
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Quartus II v14.0
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Project directory: DE0_CV_SDRAM_RTL_Test
Bitstream used: DE0_CV_SDRAM_RTL_Test.sof
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Demo batch file folder: \DE0_CV_SDRAM_RTL_Test\demo_batch
The directory includes the following files:
Batch file: DE0_CV_SDRAM_RTL_Test.bat
FPGA configuration file: DE0_CV_SDRAM_RTL_Test.sof
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Quartus II v14.0 must be pre-installed to the host PC.
Connect the DE0_CV board (J13) to the host PC with a USB cable and install the USB-Blaster II
driver if necessary
Power on the DE0_CV board.
Execute the demo batch file “ DE0_CV_SDRAM_RTL_Test.bat” from the directoy
\DE0_CV_SDRAM_RTL_Test \demo_batch.
Press KEY0 on the DE0_CV board to start the verification process. When KEY0 is pressed, the
LEDR [2:0] should turn on. When KEY0 is then released, LEDR1 and LEDR2 should start
blinking.
After approximately 8 seconds, LEDR1 should stop blinking and stay ON to indicate the test is
PASS. Table 5-1 lists the status of LED indicators.
If LEDR2 is not blinking, it means 50MHz clock source is not working.
If LEDR1 failed to remain ON after approximately 8 seconds, the SDRAM test is NG.
Press KEY0 again to repeat the SDRAM test.
Table 5-1 Status of LED Indicators
Name
Description
LEDR1
ON if the test is PASS after releasing KEY0
LEDR2
Blinks
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A simply PS/2 controller coded in Verilog HDL is provided to demonstrate bi-directional
communication with a PS/2 mouse. A comprehensive PS/2 controller can be developed based on it
and more sophisticated functions can be implemented such as setting the sampling rate or resolution,
which needs to transfer two data bytes at once.
More information about the PS/2 protocol can be found on various websites.
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Introduction
PS/2 protocol uses two wires for bi-directional communication. One is the clock line and the other
one is the data line. The PS/2 controller always has total control over the transmission line, but it is
the PS/2 device which generates the clock signal during data transmission.
Data Transmission from Device to the Controller
After the PS/2 mouse receives an enabling signal at stream mode, it will start sending out
displacement data, which consists of 33 bits. The frame data is cut into three sections and each of
them contains a start bit (always zero), eight data bits (with LSB first), one parity check bit (odd
check), and one stop bit (always one).
The PS/2 controller samples the data line at the falling edge of the PS/2 clock signal. This is
implemented by a shift register, which consists of 33 bits.
easily be implemented using a shift register of 33 bits, but be cautious with the clock domain
crossing problem.
Data Transmission from the Controller to Device
When the PS/2 controller wants to transmit data to device, it first pulls the clock line low for more
than one clock cycle to inhibit the current transmission process or to indicate the start of a new
transmission process, which is usually called as inhibit state. It then pulls low the data line before
releasing the clock line. This is called the request state. The rising edge on the clock line formed by
the release action can also be used to indicate the sample time point as for a 'start bit. The device
will detect this succession and generates a clock sequence in less than 10ms time. The transmit data
consists of 12bits, one start bit (as explained before), eight data bits, one parity check bit (odd
check), one stop bit (always one), and one acknowledge bit (always zero). After sending out the
parity check bit, the controller should release the data line, and the device will detect any state
change on the data line in the next clock cycle. If there‟s no change on the data line for one clock
cycle, the device will pull low the data line again as an acknowledgement which means that the data
is correctly received.
After the power on cycle of the PS/2 mouse, it enters into stream mode automatically and disable
data transmit unless an enabling instruction is received. Figure 5-5 shows the waveform while
communication happening on two lines.
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Figure 5-5 Waveform of clock and data signals during data transmission
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Project directory: DE0_CV_PS2_DEMO
Bitstream used: DE0_CV_PS2_DEMO.sof
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Demo batch file directoy: \DE0_CV_PS2_DEMO \demo_batch
The folder includes the following files:
Batch file: DE0_CV_PS2_DEMO.bat
FPGA configuration file : DE0_CV_PS2_DEMO.sof
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Load the bitstream into the FPGA by executing \DE0_CV_PS2_DEMO \demo_batch\
DE0_CV_PS2_DEMO.bat
Plug in the PS/2 mouse
Press KEY0 to enable data transfer
Press KEY1 to clear the display data cache
The 7-segment display should change when the PS/2 mouse moves. The LEDR[2:0] will blink
according to Figure 5-6 and Table 5-2 when the left-button, right-button, and/or middle-button
is pressed.
Figure 5-6 Description of 7-segment Display and LED Indicators
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Table 5-2 Description of 7-segment Display and LED Indicators
Indicator Name
Description
LEDR0
Left button press indicator
LEDR1
Right button press indicator
LEDR2
Middle button press indicator
HEX0
Low byte of X displacement
HEX1
High byte of X displacement
HEX2
Low byte of Y displacement
HEX3
High byte of Y displacement
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Many applications use a large external storage device, such as a SD Card or CF card to store data.
The DE0-CV board provides the hardware and software needed for Micro SD Card access. In this
demonstration we will show how to browse files stored in the root directory of an SD Card and how
to read the file contents of a specific file. The Micro SD Card is required to be formatted as FAT
File System in advance. Long file name is supported in this demonstration. Figure 5-7 shows the
hardware system block diagram of this demonstration. The system requires a 50MHz clock
provided by the board. The PLL generates a 100MHz clock for the Nios II processor and other
controllers. Four PIO pins are connected to the Micro SD Card socket. SD 4-bit Mode is used to
access the Micro SD Card hardware.The SD 4-bit protocol and FAT File System function are all
implemented by Nios II software. The software is stored in the on-chip memory.
Figure 5-7 Block diagram of the Micro SD demonstration
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Figure 5-8 shows the software stack of this demonstration. The Nios PIO block provides basic IO
functions to access hardware directly. The functions are provided from Nios II system and the
function prototype is defined in the header file <io.h>. The SD Card block implements 4-bit mode
protocol for communication with SD Cards. The FAT File System block implements reading
function for FAT16 and FAT 32 file system. Long filename is supported. By calling the public FAT
functions, users can browse files under the root directory of the MicroSD Card. Furthermore, users
can open a specific file and read the contents from the file. The main block implements main
control of this demonstration. When the program is executed, it detects whether an Micro SD Card
is inserted. If an MicroSD Card is found, it will check whether the MicroSD Card is formatted as
FAT file system. If so, it searches all files in the root directory of the FAT file system and displays
their names in the Nios II terminal. If a text file named “test.txt” is found, it will dump the file
contents. If it successfully recognizes the FAT file system, it will turn on the LEDR4~LEDR0. On
the other hand, it will turn on the LEDR9~LEDR5 if it fails to parse the FAT file system or if there
is no SD card found in the SD Card socket of the DE0-CV board. If users press KEY3 of the
DE0-CV board, the program will perform the above process again.
Figure 5-8 Software of micro SD demonstration
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Nios IIEclipse14.0
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Quartus Project directory: DE0_CV_SD_DEMO
Nios II Eclipse: DE0_CV_SD_DEMO\Software
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Before you attempt to compile the reference design under Nios II Eclipse, make sure the project
is cleaned first by clicking „Clean‟ from the „Project‟ menu of Nios II Eclipse.
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Demo Batch File Folder: DE0_CV_SD_DEMO \demo_batch
The demo batch file includes following files: Batch Filefor USB-Blaster:
DE0_CV_SD_DEMO.bat,
DE0_CV_SD_DEMO.sh
FPGA Configure File: DE0_CV_SD_DEMO.sof
Nios II Program:DE0_CV_SD_DEMO.elf
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Make sure Quartus II and Nios II are installed on your PC.
Power on the DE0-CV board.
Connect USB Blaster to the DE0-CV board and install USB Blaster driver if necessary.
Execute the demo batch file “DE0_CV_SD_DEMO.bat”for USB-Blaster II under the batch file
folder, DE0_CV_SD_DEMO\demo_batch
After Nios II program is downloaded and executed successfully, a prompt message will be
displayed in nios2-terminal.
Copy DE0_CV_SD_DEMO\demo_batch\test.txt files to the root directory of the SD Card.
Insert the Micro SD Card into the SD Card socket of DE0-CV, as shown in Figure 5-9.
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This demonstration displays a simple blue, red and green color pattern on a VGA monitor using the
VGA output interface on DE0_CV board. Figure 5-11 shows the block diagram of the design. The
major block called video_sync_generator generates the VGA timing signals, horizontal
synchronization, vertical synchronization and blank in standard VGA resolution (640x480 pixels, at
25 MHz). These signals will be used in vga_controller block for RGB data generation and data
output. Please refer to the chapter 3.6 in DE0_CV_User_Manual on the DE0_CVSystem CD for
detailed information of using the VGA output. As shown in Figure 5-12,the RGB data drives each
pixel in turn across the row being displayed after the time period of back porch.
Figure 5-11 Block diagram of the VGA Pattern demonstration
Figure 5-12 Timing Waveform of VGA interface
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Quartus Project directory: DE0_CV_VGA_Pattern
Bitstream used: DE0_CV_VGA_Pattern.sof
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Demo Batch File Folder: DE0_CV_SD_DEMO\demo_batch\
The demo batch file includes following files:
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Batch Filefor USB-Blaster: DE0_CV_VGA_Pattern.bat
FPGA Configure File: DE0_CV_VGA_Pattern.sof
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Quartus II v14.1 must be pre-installed to the host PC..
Power on the DE0-CV board.
Connect USB Blaster to the DE0-CV board and install USB Blaster driver if necessary.
Connect VGA D-SUB to a VGA monitor.
Execute the demo batch file “DE0_CV_VGA_Pattern.bat” from the directory :
\ DE0_CV_VGA_Pattern \demo_batch.
The VGA monitor will display a color pattern.
Figure 5-13 illustrates the setup for this demonstration.
Figure 5-13 The setup for the VGA Pattern demonstration
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Additional Information
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Here are the addresses where you can get help if you encounter problems:
Terasic Inc.
9F., No.176, Sec.2, Gongdao 5th Rd, East Dist, Hsinchu City, 30070. Taiwan
Email: support@terasic.com
Web: www.terasic.com
DE0-CV Web: www.DE0-CV.terasic.com
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Date
Version
Changes
2014.12
First publication
2015.04
Document revision
2015.5
Modified DE0-CV
package content figure
