TB9100 Installation And Operation Manual Tx9000/TB9000/MBA 00002 05 Operations MBA

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Contents
Preface
1 Description
2 General Safety and Regulatory Information
- 2.1 General Safety
- 2.2 Regulatory Information
3 Maintenance
4 Installation
5 Base Station Operation
6 Troubleshooting
7 Replacing Modules
8 Technical Description
Appendix A – Interface Pin Assignments
Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections
Glossary

MBA-00002-05

Issue 5

May 2006

TB9100 base station

Installation and

Operation Manual

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual 2

Contact Information

Tait Radio Communications

Corporate Head Office

Tait Electronics Ltd

P.O. Box 1645

Christchurch

New Zealand

For the address and telephone number of regional

offices, refer to the TaitWorld website:

Website: http://www.taitworld.com

Technical Support

For assistance with specific technical issues, contact

Technical Support:

E-mail: support@taitworld.com

Website: http://support.taitworld.com

All information contained in this manual is the property

This manual may not, in whole or in part, be copied,

photocopied, reproduced, translated, stored, or reduced

to any electronic medium or machine-readable form,

without prior written permission from Tait Electronics

Limited.

The word TAIT and the TAIT logo are trademarks of

Tait Electronics Limited.

All trade names referenced are the service mark,

trademark or registered trademark of the respective

manufacturers.

Disclaimer

There are no warranties extended or granted by this

manual. Tait Electronics Limited accepts no

responsibility for damage arising from use of the

information contained in the manual or of the

equipment and software it describes. It is the

responsibility of the user to ensure that use of such

information, equipment and software complies with the

laws, rules and regulations of the applicable

jurisdictions.

Enquiries and Comments

If you have any enquiries regarding this manual, or any

comments, suggestions and notifications of errors,

please contact Technical Support.

Updates of Manual and Equipment

In the interests of improving the performance, reliability

or servicing of the equipment, Tait Electronics Limited

reserves the right to update the equipment or this

manual or both without prior notice.

Intellectual Property Rights

This product may be protected by one or more patents

of Tait Electronics Limited together with their

international equivalents, pending patent applications

and registered trade marks: NZ335198, NZ335704,

NZ338097, NZ507555, NZ507556, NZ508054,

NZ508340, NZ508806, NZ508807, NZ509242,

NZ509640, NZ509959, NZ510496, NZ511155,

NZ511421, NZ516280/519742, NZ519118,

NZ519344, NZ520650/537902, NZ521450,

NZ524509, NZ524537, NZ524630, NZ530819,

NZ534475, NZ534692, NZ535471, NZ536945,

NZ537434, NZ534369, NZ522236, NZ524378,

AU2003281477, AU2002235062, AU2004216984,

CA2439018, EU03784706.8, EU02701829.0,

EU04714053.8, GB23865476, GB2386010,

GB0516094.0, GB0516092.4, US09/847322, US60/

613748, US60/539617, US10/520827, US10/468740,

US5,745,840, US10/520827.

This product may also made under license under one or

more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,590,473 4,636,791

5,148,482 5,185,796 5,271,017 5,377,229.

The IMBE™ voice coding Technology embodied in this

product is protected by intellectual property rights

including patent rights, copyrights and trade secrets of

Digital Voice Systems, Inc. This voice coding

Technology is licensed solely for use within this

Communications Equipment. The user of this

Technology is explicitly prohibited from attempting to

decompile, reverse engineer, or disassemble the Object

Code, or in any other way convert the Object Code into

a human-readable form. Protected by U.S. Patents

5,870,405 5,826,222 5,754,974 5,701,390 5,715,365

5,649,050 5,630,011 5,581,656 5,517,511 5,491,772

5,247,579 5,226,084 and 5,195,166.

To Our European Customers

Tait Electronics Limited is an

environmentally responsible company

which supports waste minimization

and material recovery. The European

Union’s Waste Electrical and Electronic

Equipment Directive requires that this

product be disposed of separately from the general waste

stream when its service life is over. Please be

environmentally responsible and dispose through the

original supplier, your local municipal waste “separate

collection” service, or contact Tait Electronics Limited.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual 3

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Scope of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Associated Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Publication Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1 Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.2 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Reciter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Power Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Power Management Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.3 Frequency Bands and Sub-bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.4 Theory of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Typical Base Station System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

12V PA Base Station System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Power Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Front Panel Fan Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Run and Standby Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Dual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Signal Voting and Switching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1.5 Base Station Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Base Station/Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Base Station/Repeater for External Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Receive-only Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Analog Gateway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

1.6 Base Station Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Line-Connected Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

TaitNet P25 Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2 General Safety and Regulatory Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.1 General Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Personal Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Equipment Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.2 Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Distress Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

FCC Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Unauthorized Modifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Health, Safety and Electromagnetic Compatibility in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.1 Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Equipment Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Grounding and Lightning Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Equipment Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Ambient Air Temperature Sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Cabinet and Rack Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.2 Installing and Setting up the CSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Setting up CSS Access Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Minimum PC Hardware Requirements for Running CSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.3 Unpacking the Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.4 Setting Up on the Bench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Confirming Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Connecting to a Calibration and Test Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Setting the Base Station IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Finding a Lost or Forgotten IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Customizing the Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.5 Installing the Base Station on Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Equipment Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Mounting the Subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.6 Connecting Up the Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Base Station Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Control Panel Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Power Supply Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Auxiliary DC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

RF Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

External Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Coaxial Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

System Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

5 Base Station Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

5.1 Operating Controls and LED Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Reciter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

PMU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

5.2 Monitoring the Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

5.3 Control Panel Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Speaker Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Microphone Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual 5

5.4 Monitoring Front Panel Fan Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

6 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

7 Replacing Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

7.1 Saving the Base Station’s Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

7.2 Preliminary Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

7.3 Replacing the Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

7.4 Replacing the Reciter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

7.5 Replacing the Power Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

7.6 Replacing the Power Management Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

7.7 Replacing the Front Panel Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

7.8 Replacing the Module Guide Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

7.9 Replacing the Subrack Interconnect Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

7.10 Final Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

8 Technical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

8.1 Mechanical Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

8.2 Reciter Module Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Signal Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Input Signal Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Output Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Voting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Switching and Voting Priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Signaling messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Re-voting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

8.3 PA Module Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

8.4 PMU Module Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

PMU Operation on DC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

8.5 Control Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

8.6 System Control Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Appendix A – Interface Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

Serial Interface Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Analog Interface Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Digital Interface Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

PMU Auxiliary DC Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

DC Input to 12V PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Microphone Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

5 or 50W Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

100W Base Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

12V PA Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

6TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual 7

Preface

Scope of Manual

Welcome to the TB9100 base station Installation and Operation Manual.

This manual is intended for use by experienced technicians familiar with

installing and operating base station equipment. It includes a technical

description of the base station, maintenance and troubleshooting

information.

Document Conventions

“File > Open” means “click File on the menu bar, then click Open on the

list of commands that pops up”. “Monitor > Module Details > Reciter”

means “click the Monitor icon on the toolbar, then in the navigation pane

find the Module Details group, and select Reciter from it”.

Within this manual, four types of alerts are given to the reader: Warning,

Caution, Important and Note. The following paragraphs illustrate each type

of alert and its associated symbol.

Warning!! This alert is used when there is a potential risk

of death or serious injury.

Caution This alert is used when there is a risk of minor or

moderate injury to people.

Important This alert is used to warn about the risk of equipment dam-

age or malfunction.

Note This alert is used to highlight information that is required to

ensure procedures are performed correctly.

Associated Documentation

TB9100 Reciter Service Manual (MBA-00017-xx).

TB9100 Specifications Manual (MBA-00014-xx).

TB9100 Customer Service Software User’s Manual (MBA-00003-xx) and

online Help.

8TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

TB9100 Calibration Software User’s Manual (MBA-00004-xx) and online

Help.

TBA0STU/TBA0STP Calibration and Test Unit Operation Manual

(MBA-00013-xx).

TaitNet P25 Network Installation Guide (MBA-00018-xx).

Technical notes are published from time to time to describe applications for

Tait products, to provide technical details not included in manuals, and to

offer solutions for any problems that arise.

All available TB9100 product documentation is provided on the CD

supplied with the base station1. Updates may also be published on the Tait

support website.

Publication Record

1. Technical notes are only available in PDF format from the Tait support

website. Consult your nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organiza-

tion for more information.

Issue Publication Date Description

1 July 2004 First release

2 January 2005 General updates; new photographs;

Appendix C added

3 March 2005 General updates; Appendix D added

4 August 2005 General updates for version 1.2

release; Appendix D removed

5 May 2006 General updates for version 2.1 release

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Description 9

1 Description

The Tait TB9100 base station/repeater is a robust state-of-the-art digital

fixed station that combines Tait’s proven strengths in reliability, high

performance and modular design with software-based configurability and

operation, digital signal processing and voice-over-IP technology. The

TB9100 is designed for operation in a conventional Project 25 radio

network and can be configured as a repeater or as a line-connected base

station.

The ability to interoperate in both analog FM and digital P25 modes, to link

stations using standard Internet Protocol communications, and to add

features such as encryption through software options ensures that P25

systems designed with the TB9100 are scalable in both size and functionality.

The TB9100 combines industry-leading digital voice quality with rugged

design specifications and intuitive user interfaces. This product has been

designed to meet the demanding needs of the public safety and public

service sectors.

The TB9100 RF interface is dual-mode analog/digital, allowing users of

APCO P25 or analog radios to communicate via the network.

Its digital line provides built-in network connectivity, allowing the TB9100

to join with other TB9100s to form a TaitNet P25 network. This network

supports voice over IP and remote management of all TB9100s.

Its analog line allows the direct connection of third party dispatch systems.

1.1 Features

The following are some of the features of the TB9100 base station:

■Fully compliant with the Project 25 Common Air Interface. Can

therefore interoperate with any similarly compliant radios.

■Dual mode. Comprehensive analog and digital features ensure

10 Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

interoperability with analog or digital technology. The TB9100 can

switch seamlessly between analog FM and digital P25 communications

on a per-call basis.

■Integrated built-in voting facility. In a TaitNet P25 network, TB9100

base stations use distributed voting to compare the received signals,

selecting the best quality signal for transmission through the system. No

external voter is needed.

■Can be completely managed remotely from a PC running the Tait

Customer Service Software: configuration, alarm monitoring, fault

diagnosis, feature and firmware upgrades.

■Rugged construction with generous heatsinks and fan-forced cooling for

continuous operation from –30°C to +60°C (–22°F to +140°F).

1.2 Modules

The TB9100 base station consists of several modules in a subrack: a power

management unit (PMU) to supply and manage power to the subrack, a

reciter (receiver and exciter), a power amplifier (PA), a front panel with fans,

and a control panel. The modules are interconnected at the front of the

subrack. External connections to the modules are located at the rear.

Modules come in different variants depending for example on the RF band

or the supply voltage. Many of them are common to the TB8100.

Applications such as a receive-only base station do not need them all.

Each module is inserted into the TB9100 4U subrack from the front and is

secured at the front with a metal clamp. Both clamp and module are easily

removed for rapid module replacement. The modules are secured laterally

with plastic guides that clip into the top and bottom of the subrack. These

guides can be easily repositioned to change the configuration of a subrack.

The heavier modules are also secured laterally by metal tabs at the rear of the

subrack.

The following provides a brief description of the available modules.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Description 11

Reciter

The reciter module comprises the

receiver, exciter and digital control

circuitry. It also incorporates the

network board, which provides the

connection to the digital and analog

lines and to the general purpose digital

inputs and outputs.

Power Amplifier

The power amplifier amplifies the RF output from the reciter and is available

in 5W, 50W and 100W models.

The 5W and 50W models mount vertically in the subrack, while the 100W

model mounts horizontally as it has a wider heatsink. The 100W PA is also

fitted with an airflow duct.

All three models are designed to operate on the 28VDC output provided by

the TB9100 power management unit. In addition, variants of the 5W and

50W models are available for operation on 12VDC. These two 12V PAs are

fitted with an internal boost regulator board, which converts the 12V

nominal DC input to a 28VDC output to power the PA circuit boards. The

boost regulator board also provides a 12VDC output to power the reciter.

5/50W PA 100W PA

12 Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Power Management Unit

The PMU provides the 28VDC

power supply for the modules in the

TB9100. The input voltage can be

AC, DC or both AC and DC,

depending on the model. An auxiliary

DC output is also available when the

optional power supply board is fitted.

This board is available with an output

of 13.65VDC, 27.3VDC, or

54.6VDC.

Front Panel

The TB9100 front panel is mounted onto the subrack with two

quick-release fasteners. It incorporates the cooling fans for the PA and

PMU.

Control Panel

The TB9100 control panel is

mounted onto the subrack and is

accessible through an opening in the

front panel. The control panel

provides the user with hardware

controls for direct control of the base

station.

AC and DC PMU shown

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Description 13

Subrack

The TB9100 4U subrack is made of passivated steel and is designed to fit

into a standard 19 inch rack or cabinet.

1.3 Frequency Bands and Sub-bands

Much of the circuitry in the TB9100 base station is common to both

frequency bands, and is therefore covered by a single description in this

manual. Where the circuitry differs between VHF and UHF, separate

descriptions are provided for each frequency band. In some cases the

descriptions refer to specific VHF or UHF bands or sub-bands, and these are

identified with the letters listed in the following table.

Frequency

Identification Frequency Band and Sub-band

VHF

B band B1 = 136MHz to 174MHz

B2 = 136MHz to 156MHz

B3 = 148MHz to 174MHz

UHF

H band H0 = 400MHz to 520MHz

H1 = 400MHz to 440MHz

H2 = 440MHz to 480MHz

H3 = 470MHz to 520MHz

K band K4 = 762MHz to 870MHza

a. The actual frequency coverage in this band is:

Transmit: 762MHz to 776MHz, and 850MHz to 870MHz

Receive: 792MHz to 824MHz

14 Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

1.4 Theory of Operation

Typical Base Station System

A typical TB9100 base station (shown in Figure 1.1) has a PMU that

supplies power to the modules in the subrack.

A system control bus interconnects the modules and carries alarm and

control signaling between the reciter and the other modules (shown in

Figure 1.2). The reciter receives RF signals from its RF input and sends RF

from its RF output to the PA, along with a PA key signal. The reciter also

receives signals from and sends signals to the analog line, the digital line, and

the control panel.

The control panel speaker and microphone enable the base station

maintainer to communicate with the dispatcher or with subscriber unit

radios. As well as voice over IP, the digital line carries communications

between the CSS and the base station.

Figure 1.1 Base station system communication paths

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Description 15

The signal processing and the overall base station control is carried out by

the reciter, which comprises an RF, a digital, and a network board, as shown

in Figure 1.3.

The RF board contains the receiver and exciter circuitry.

The digital board is responsible for the digital conversion of analog

information and for controlling the maintainer’s access via the control panel.

It performs the air interface signal processing for both analog FM and digital

P25 modes.

Figure 1.2 Base station high-level diagram

Reciter

PMU PA

RF To

Antenna

RF From

Antenna

External Reference

Frequency (if used)

AC I/P

DC I/P

28VDC

(high current)

System Control Bus

Microphone

I/P

TaitNet Digital

Network

Speaker

O/P

RF +

PA Key

28VDC (low current)

Analog Line

(4-wire E&M)

Digital

Line

RS-232 +

Digital I/O

Control

Panel

Figure 1.3 Reciter boards

RF I/P

RF O/P

Digital Line

RS-232 +

Digital I/O

Analog Line

Board

Digital

Board

Network

Board

Control

Panel

Maintainer Access

16 Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

The network board acts as the link between the digital circuitry and the

TaitNet digital network, and gives the base station an identity as a network

element. It also provides the physical connections for the digital, analog and

RS-232 serial interfaces.

For more detailed information, see “Technical Description” on page 91.

12V PA Base Station System

The TB9100 platform also supports the operation of a 12V PA base station.

Figure 1.4 shows the main communication paths in a 12V PA base station

system. The 12V PA base station system does not require a PMU, as the DC

input is connected directly to the 12V PA. An internal boost regulator board

converts the 12V nominal DC input to a 28VDC output to power the PA

circuit boards. The boost regulator board also provides a 12VDC output to

power the reciter.

12V PA base stations use a different subrack interconnect board from base

stations with a PMU, which provides the I2C current source normally

provided by the PMU.

Note The 12V PA base station subrack interconnect board has a set of

switches which must be set according to the base station configu-

ration. Refer to “Replacing the Subrack Interconnect Board” on

page 86 for details of the switch settings.

Because there is no PMU, it is recommended that the “No PMU detected”

alarm be disabled for 12V PA base stations.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Description 17

Power Management

TB9100 base stations with a PMU manage the supply of power to ensure

uninterrupted operation of the base station. A range of parameters is

monitored and can trigger alarms that are sent via the reciter to the CSS and

a syslog collector.

AC to DC

Changeover When the PMU has an AC and a DC module, the TB9100 can be powered

by either the AC (mains) or the DC (battery) supply. The base station will

default to the AC supply if both supplies are provided. If the AC supply

becomes unavailable, a seamless changeover from the AC to DC supply takes

place, providing that the battery voltage is above the configured minimum.

You can use the CSS to monitor whether the base station is running on

battery or mains power.

DC Operation When the base station is running off the DC supply and the battery voltage

falls below the configured minimum, the base station will enter PMU

Shutdown mode to protect the battery and base station equipment. A

standby power supply card is required to maintain the power to the PMU

microprocessor, while the rest of the PMU is shut down.

Figure 1.4 12V PA base station system communication paths

18 Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

When the battery voltage rises to the configured startup setting, power is

resumed to the DC supply.

Auxiliary Power

Control If the PMU is fitted with an auxiliary power supply unit, its output can be

used to power other site equipment or to recharge the DC battery supply

when the base station is running off the AC supply. You will need to

configure it to suit your requirements.

Power Distribution

This section details how the input power feed is distributed throughout the

base station system to power its various sub-systems. The high level block

diagrams in Figure 1.5 on page 19 show the power distribution paths in base

station systems.

The TB9100 can receive input power from either the AC or DC input.

Internal seamless switching between the AC or DC input ensures there are

no power interruptions should a changeover occur between the two inputs.

The base station will default to the AC input if both AC and DC inputs are

provided.

The AC converter has a series switch which isolates the mains input from

the converter. The DC input, however, has much higher current ratings, and

supports an on/off switch on the converter only.

The outputs from both the AC and DC high power converters are added

together and fed to the PA via the PA1 and PA2 outputs. The auxiliary

output is also tapped off this summed output.

Base stations fitted with a 12V PA do not require a PMU. In this case the

DC input is connected directly to the PA, where it is fed to the internal

boost regulator board. This board provides a 12VDC output for the reciter

and a 28VDC output for the PA circuit boards.

The reciter input power feed is distributed to all internal reciter boards.

Local regulation ensures that noise and common mode interface signals are

kept to a minimum between sub-assemblies. Various power supplies in the

reciter further power and isolate critical sub-sections.

The reciter also powers the control panel, via a backpower protection diode.

The system control bus is used to route power from the reciter to the control

panel. When a reciter is powered and plugged into the control bus, if a

control panel is connected there will always be a reciter present to drive the

control bus functions.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Description 19

Front Panel Fan Operation

The TB9100 base station is equipped with three fans. One fan is for the

PMU, one fan is for the PA, and the third fan is for the reciter. This section

deals with the PMU and PA fans. For information on reciter fan operation,

refer to “Reciter Fan Operation” on page 95.

The PMU and PA cooling fans are located in the front panel of the base

station. The fans do not operate continuously but are switched on and off as

needed by the reciter firmware.

When the base station powers up, the fans turn on: the PMU fan runs first,

followed by the PA fan (the reciter fan will also power up, after the PA fan).

Each fan will run for about 5 seconds before switching off.

Fans used in the TB9100 must have the correct wiring: power and ground

(2-wire fans), or power, ground, and rotation detect (3-wire fans). Both fans

in the subrack must be of the same type. If 3-wire fans are fitted, the reciter

can monitor whether the fans are rotating and generate an alarm if the fan

fails.

Configuring Fan

Control The operation of the PA fan is configurable via the CSS: you can specify the

threshold temperature at which the fan will be turned on, and set the fan to

operate only when the PA is transmitting.

Figure 1.5 TB9100 power distribution high level block diagram

20 Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

The PMU fan has fixed on/off thresholds and a defined set of duty cycles

based on the PMU temperature, as follows:

Run and Standby Modes

The TB9100 normally operates in Run mode, but you can use the CSS to

put it in Standby mode.

Run mode In Run mode, the base station performs its normal functions.

Standby mode When you program the base station or run invasive diagnostic tests, the base

station must be in Standby mode. This takes the base station out of service.

However, the control panel is still effective; you can use it to send and

receive over the air and across the analog line and to receive from the digital

line.

Dual Mode

The TB9100 base station can handle analog FM calls as well as digital P25

calls. It is a dual-mode base station. However, it can be configured to always

operate in one mode. For example, if only digital P25 radios use the base

station, the base station can ignore analog FM calls. Note that at any one

time, the base station can only handle one call, either analog FM or digital

P25. It cannot receive in one mode and simultaneously transmit in the other.

Analog FM mode In Analog FM mode, the base station can receive and transmit over the RF

interface using analog FM modulation. Analog FM speech is sent and

received on the digital line using the G.711 format.

Digital P25 mode In digital P25 mode, the base station can receive and transmit over the RF

interface using digital P25 modulation. Digital speech is in the IMBE

(Improved Multi-Band Excitation) format.

Dual mode

configuration Dual mode is configured not for the base station as a whole, but for the

inputs at a particular interface. The mode of outputs is not configurable; it

can always be either analog FM or digital P25, depending on the input.

When the base station receives an input on an interface, it operates in the

mode of that input.

PMU Temperature Duty Cycle

<149°F (65°C) Increases with increasing current draw

149-167°F (65-75°C) On two minutes, off one minute

>167°F (75°C) Always on

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Description 21

Dual mode is configured or selected at the different inputs in the following

way:

Input interface Description

RF The RF interface can be configured in channel profiles to receive analog speech,

digital speech or both (dual mode). In dual mode, the receiver listens for digital

P25 signals. If they are detected, the base station operates in digital P25 mode,

otherwise in analog FM mode.

Analog Line The analog line receives analog speech signals from the dispatch console. The

current calling profile defines whether the signal is to be handled as digital P25

or analog FM. Different calling profiles can select different modes.

Digital Line The digital line receives speech signals whose mode has already been defined

by another base station in the network. They are in the format of IMBE speech

packets (digital P25 calls) or G.711 speech packets (analog FM calls). The digital

line is always capable of receiving calls in either mode.

Control Panel The control panel receives speech from the connected microphone. The user

selects digital P25 or analog FM mode using the microphone channel button.

Refer to “Microphone Operation” on page 68 for further details. The

destination of the signal is configured by the CSS.

22 Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Signal Voting and Switching

The TB9100 base station receives signals at its four interfaces: RF, analog

line, digital line and control panel microphone. The signals travel along a

path and are presented at the internal voter, as shown in Figure 1.6. Often,

the paths for analog FM and for digital P25 signals diverge.

When more than one signal is present, the voter selects the most appropriate

one. Calls made from the control panel microphone are given priority,

followed by signals received at the analog line. Signals received at the RF and

digital interfaces are voted between on the basis of signal quality. Note that

P25 digital signals take priority over analog signals.

When the base station is part of a channel group, the voters in the other base

stations act in concert, selecting the same signal. The switching system then

sends the winning signal to the intended interfaces for transmission.

The channel group can operate in simplex or duplex modes. This mode is

distinct from (but related to) the RF simplex/duplex mode.

Simplex mode The simplex channel group has a single voter at each channel group

member, which selects one stream from all possible sources, and sends it to

all output interfaces. The vote winner could be a terminal speaker, or a line

interface speaker (dispatcher).

Duplex mode The duplex channel group allows two directions of speech flow

simultaneously. Channel group members vote incoming RF streams and

select one vote winner. The channel group members send this inbound

stream to all line interfaces and control panel speakers (if so enabled). At the

same time, in each channel group member, a separate voter selects one voice

stream from the line interfaces (and control panels), and the outbound

Figure 1.6 TB9100 signal paths

Voter/

Switch

Interface

Control

Panel

Analog

Line

Digital

Line

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Description 23

stream is sent to all RF interfaces. Like the simplex voter, there are duplex

voters at each channel group member.

Both simplex and duplex channel groups can repeat the RF, or not.

For full details about the audio paths and signal processing, refer to “Signal

Paths” on page 97.

1.5 Base Station Options

The modular design of the TB9100 base station means that it is available in

many variations. A range of features that can be enabled in software adds

another level of configurability. Here are some of the different kinds of

TB9100 base station that result from different module combinations.

Base Station/Repeater

The standard TB9100 combination of modules is suitable for use as a line-

connected base station and as a repeater. This is the typical base station

configuration described in “Theory of Operation” on page 14.

Base Station/Repeater for External Power Supply

The TB9100 base station can be provided without a PMU for those who

prefer to use an external third party power supply. This option must use a

variant of the PA that works off a 12V power supply and includes a boost

regulator board that takes the 12V input and outputs a regulated 24V supply

to the rest of the PA. Customers must provide their own power supply.

Without a PMU, the base station cannot carry out its power management

functions.

Receive-only Base Station

The TB9100 base station can be provided as a receive-only variant in

systems that need sites to enhance the receive coverage. This consists of a

single reciter in a subrack, with or without power management. The exciter

is present but not licensed to transmit.

Analog Gateway

A reciter in a subrack can provide a gateway between an analog dispatch

system and a TaitNet P25 network of TB9100 base stations. Its analog line

connects to the dispatch system and its digital line connects to the TaitNet

P25 network. This is particularly valuable in networks that use encryption;

it brings the encryption and decryption point close to the dispatch

24 Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

equipment. This option is effectively the same as the receive-only base

station; in addition, the receiver is disabled.

Encryption

The TB9100 supports end-to-end encryption between radios. The repeated

voice quality is indistinguishable from non-encrypted voice. If the control

panel speaker is turned on, it plays continuous noise throughout the

transmission (silence into the transmitting radio sounds the same as voice),

unless the base station has a basic encryption license, in which case

encrypted calls cannot be heard at all through the front panel speaker.

Support is also available for encryption and decryption at the base station

analog line interface or at an analog gateway. An additional AES encryption

license is available in addition to the basic (DES) encryption license.

1.6 Base Station Applications

TB9100 base stations can be used as repeaters, as base stations, and they can

be connected together to form a wide-area repeater or wide-area base

station. For more information, see the white paper TaitNet P25 Networks.

Repeater

TheTB9100 base station can function as a standalone repeater. The analog

line is not used and the digital line is only used for CSS access. Software

licenses for these lines are not needed.

Line-Connected Base Station

A TB9100 base station can function as a line-connected base station. A

dispatch console is connected to the analog line. If the repeat function is

enabled, the base station repeats what it receives unless the microphone or

analog line input is being used. If the repeat function is disabled, the base

station puts the received signal on the analog line but does not transmit it. A

software license for the analog line is needed.

TaitNet P25 Network

TB9100 base stations can be interconnected over an IP-based linking

infrastructure to form a TaitNet P25 network. Each base station in the

network belongs to a channel group. A channel group is a set of one or more

base stations. Any base station in the channel group can have a dispatch

console connected via its analog line (analog line license required). Base

stations in a channel group all require a digital line license.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Description 25

The base stations in a channel group act as one. This is made possible by

distributed voting. A channel group can operate in simplex or duplex

modes, which means that each base station has either one voter that applies

the same voting rules to the same signals in simplex mode, or two voters in

duplex mode that allow two directions of speech flow simultaneously. For

example, in simplex mode, when the console operator presses PTT, all base

stations in the channel group transmit, not just the base station connected to

the dispatch console. If the base stations receive more than one signal, they

vote on the best one and then repeat it and/or pass it to the dispatch console.

If the base stations in a channel group have the repeat function enabled, that

channel group acts as a wide-area repeater (however, dispatcher calls and

control panel calls are given priority over radio calls).

If the repeat function is disabled, the channel group acts as a wide-area line-

connected base station. Calls received by any base station are sent to the

dispatcher and calls from the dispatcher are transmitted via all the base

stations.

26 Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual General Safety and Regulatory Information 27

2 General Safety and Regulatory

Information

This chapter provides general information on safety precautions for

operating the TB9100 base station.

2.1 General Safety

Personal Safety

Lethal Voltages

Warning!! The PMU contains voltages that may be lethal.

Refer to the ratings label on the rear of the

module.

The TB9100 base station must be installed so that the rear of the PMU is

located in a service access area. The PMU must be connected to the mains

supply source by trained personnel in accordance with local and national

regulations.

Disconnect the mains IEC connector and wait for five minutes for

the internal voltages to self-discharge before dismantling. The AC

power on/off switch does not isolate the PMU from the mains. It

breaks only the phase circuit, not the neutral.

The PMU should be serviced only by qualified technicians. There are no

user-replaceable parts inside. If the PMU is damaged and does not function

properly, stop the module safely and contact your nearest Tait Dealer or

Customer Service Organization immediately.

All servicing should be carried out only when the PMU is powered through

a mains isolating transformer of sufficient rating. We strongly recommend

that the mains power to the whole of the repair and test area is supplied via

an earth leakage circuit breaker.

28 General Safety and Regulatory Information TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Explosive

Environments

Warning!! Do not operate TB9100 equipment near

electrical blasting caps or in an explosive

atmosphere. Operating the equipment in these

environments is a definite safety hazard.

Proximity to RF

Transmissions Do not operate the transmitter when someone is standing within 3ft.

(90cm) of the antenna. Do not operate the transmitter unless you have

checked that all RF connectors are secure.

High Temperatures Take care when handling a PMU or PA which has been operating recently.

Under extreme operating conditions (+140°F [+60°C] ambient air

temperature) or high duty cycles, the external surfaces of the PMU and PA

can reach temperatures of up to +176°F (+80°C).

Equipment Safety

Installation and

Servicing Personnel The TB9100 should be installed and serviced only by qualified personnel.

Antenna Load

Important The PA may be damaged if the load is removed or switched

while the PA is transmitting.

To protect the PA output stage from load transients (i.e. switching or

removing the load), we recommend that you fit an isolator between the PA

and the load. Fit the isolator as close as possible to the RF output connector

on the PA. Do not connect any switching or combining equipment between

the isolator and the PA.

ESD Precautions

Important This equipment contains devices which are susceptible to

damage from static charges. You must handle these devices

carefully and according to the procedures described in the

manufacturers’ data books.

We recommend you purchase an antistatic bench kit from a reputable

manufacturer and install and test it according to the manufacturer’s

instructions. Figure 2.1 shows a typical antistatic bench set-up.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual General Safety and Regulatory Information 29

You can obtain further information on antistatic precautions and the dangers

of electrostatic discharge (ESD) from standards such as ANSI/ESD

S20.20-1999 or BS EN 100015-4 1994.

Anti-tampering

Devices All network elements should be physically secured, where possible. This

includes the use of locked cabinets and the use of seals on connectors.

All network and audio connectors should be sealed with the stick on type

of seal. The purpose of the seals is to detect unauthorized tampering. The

seal should reveal if any of the connectors have been unplugged or if any

unauthorized equipment has been plugged in.

The seals must be difficult to remove without breaking, and must bridge

between the cable and equipment side (plug and socket) of the connection.

Seals must cover any unused network or audio sockets. This includes the

Ethernet connector on the front panel, any spare switch ports, and the

console port on the router and switch.

The seals must be difficult to reproduce. A sticker initialed or signed by the

technician should satisfy this.

Seals must be replaced if they need to be disturbed during maintenance.

Environmental Conditions

Operating

Temperature Range The operating temperature range of the TB9100 is –22°F to +140°F

(–30°C to +60°C) ambient temperature. Ambient temperature is defined as

the temperature of the air at the intake to the cooling fans.

Humidity The humidity should not exceed 95% relative humidity through the

specified operating temperature range.

Figure 2.1 Typical antistatic bench set-up

common point ground

(building ground or

mains ground via 1M

ohm series resistor)

conductive wrist strap dissipative rubber

bench mat

30 General Safety and Regulatory Information TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Dust and Dirt For uncontrolled environments, the level of airborne particulates must not

exceed 100µg/m3.

2.2 Regulatory Information

Distress Frequencies

The 406 to 406.1MHz frequency range is reserved worldwide for use by

Distress Beacons. Do not program transmitters to operate in this frequency

range.

FCC Compliance

This equipment complies with:

■Part 15 Class B of 47CFR: Radiated and conducted emissions, and

electromagnetic susceptibility specifications of the Federal

Communications Commission (FCC) rules for the United States.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

a. This device may not cause harmful interference, and

b. This device must not accept any interference received, including

interference that may cause undesired operation.

■Part 68 of 47CFR: (Connection of terminal equipment to the telephone

network) of the FCC rules and the requirements adopted by ACTA.

This equipment’s FCC certification number (US: 6FPOTNANTBA1PA0)

is displayed on the label to be found towards the rear of the left-hand

(RF) side of the reciter. If requested, you must provide this number to

the telephone company. (This approval applies solely to the TPA1PA0

Network Board in the Reciter.)

TTE Information

USOC Jacks: RIJCX (where required)

Service Order Code: 7.0Y

Facility Interface Code: 04N02, TL31E

Warnings: If the TPA1PA0 Network Board in the Reciter causes harm to the telephone

network, the telephone company will notify you in advance that temporary

discontinuance of service may be required. But if advance notice isn't

practical, the telephone company will notify the customer as soon as

possible. Also, you will be advised of your right to file a complaint with the

FCC if you believe it is necessary.

The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment,

operations or procedures that could affect the operation of the equipment.

If this happens the telephone company will provide advance notice in order

for you to make necessary modifications to maintain uninterrupted service.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual General Safety and Regulatory Information 31

Connection to party line service is subject to state tariffs. Contact the state

public utility commission, public service commission or corporation

commission for information.

If trouble is experienced with the TPA1PA0 Network Board in the Reciter,

for repair or warranty information, please contact:

Tait North America Inc

Building 1, Suite 450

15740 Park Row

Houston, Texas 77084

E-mail: usa@taitworld.com

Web: www.taitworld.com

Only approved Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organizations equipped

with the necessary facilities should perform any servicing. Repairs

attempted with incorrect equipment or untrained personnel may result in

permanent damage. If the equipment, TPA1PA0 Network Board in the

Reciter, is causing harm to the telephone network, the telephone company

may request that you disconnect the equipment until the problem is solved.

Unauthorized Modifications

Any modifications you make to this equipment which are not authorised by

Tait Electronics Ltd may invalidate your compliance authority’s approval to

operate the equipment.

Health, Safety and Electromagnetic Compatibility in Europe

In the European Community, radio and telecommunications equipment is

regulated by Directive 1999/5/EC, also known as Radio and

Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE) directive. The

requirements of this directive include protection of health and safety of users,

as well as electromagnetic compatibility.

Intended Purpose of

Product This product is an FM radio transceiver. Its intended purpose is for radio

communication in Private Mobile Radio (PMR) services or Public Access

Mobile Radio (PAMR) services.

Important This product can be programmed for frequencies or emis-

sions that may make its use illegal. A license must be

obtained before this product is used. All license require-

ments must be observed. Limitations may apply to transmit-

ter power, operating frequency, channel spacing and emis-

sion.

32 General Safety and Regulatory Information TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Declaration of

Conformity You can download the formal Declaration of Conformity from http://

eudocs.taitworld.com/. You can also obtain a signed and dated paper copy

of the Declaration of Conformity from Tait Europe Ltd.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Maintenance 33

3 Maintenance

The TB9100 is designed to be very reliable and should require little

maintenance. However, performing regular checks will prolong the life of

the equipment and prevent problems from happening.

It is beyond the scope of this manual to list every check that you should

perform on your base station. The type and frequency of maintenance

checks will depend on the location and type of your system. The checks and

procedures listed below can be used as a starting point for your maintenance

schedule.

Performance Checks We suggest you monitor the following operational parameters using the

CSS:

■VSWR

■DC input voltage, especially on transmit

■receiver sensitivity

■the setting of the receiver gate opening

■any temperature alarms.

These basic checks will provide an overview of how well your base station

is operating.

Reciter There are no special maintenance requirements for the reciter. You may

choose to recalibrate the TCXO frequency periodically. Refer to the

Calibration Software documentation for more details.

PA There are no special maintenance requirements for the PA.

PMU There are no special maintenance requirements for the PMU. However, if

you are using battery back-up, you should check the batteries regularly in

accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Ventilation The TB9100 base station has been designed to have a front-to-back cooling

airflow. We strongly recommend that you periodically check and maintain

the ventilation requirements described in “Equipment Ventilation” on

page 36 to ensure a long life and trouble-free operation for your base station.

Cooling Fans The cooling fans have a long service life and have no special maintenance

requirements. You can use the CSS to configure the base station to generate

an alarm if either of the cooling fans fail. Refer to the CSS documentation

for more details.

34 Maintenance TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 35

4 Installation

This chapter provides information on the site requirements for your TB9100

equipment and also describes how to install the base station in a standard

19inch rack or cabinet.

If this is your first time installing a TB9100 base station, we recommend that

you read the entire chapter before beginning the actual installation.

4.1 Before You Begin

Equipment Security

The security of your base station equipment is a high priority. If the site is

not fully secure, the base station should at least be locked in a secure cabinet

to prevent unauthorized access.

The base station control panel provides access to the speaker, microphone

input and alarm status display. It is important that control panel access is

restricted to authorized maintainers only in order to ensure the

confidentiality of voice communications and alarm status information.

Grounding and Lightning Protection

Electrical Ground The TB9100 base station modules are grounded by physical contact

between the module case and the subrack. To ensure a good ground

connection you must tighten each module retaining clamp securely (refer to

“Final Reassembly” on page 88 for the correct torque).

A threaded grounding connector is provided on the rear of the subrack for

connection to the site ground point (refer to “Connecting Up the Base

Station” on page 52 for more details).

Lightning Ground It is extremely important for the security of the site and its equipment that

you take adequate precautions against lightning strike. Because it is outside

the scope of this manual to provide comprehensive information on this

subject, we recommend that you conform to your country’s standards

organization or regulatory body.

36 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Equipment Ventilation

Always ensure there is adequate ventilation around the TB9100 base station.

Warning!! Do not operate it in a sealed cabinet. You must

keep the ambient temperature within the

specified range, and we strongly recommended

that you ensure that the cooling airflow is not

restricted.

Important The cooling fans are mounted on the front panel and will

only operate when the panel is fitted correctly to the front

of the subrack. To ensure adequate airflow through the base

station, do not operate it for more than a few minutes with

the front panel removed (e.g. for servicing purposes).

Ambient Air Temperature Sensor

The ambient air temperature reading

for the TB9100 base station is

provided by the ambient air

temperature sensor board b fitted to

the PA control board.

The sensor board is inserted through

slots in the control board and heatsink

to be positioned between the heatsink

fins.

Important If the sensor board is to provide accurate ambient

temperature readings, it must have forced airflow and must

not come into contact with the metal of the heatsink fins.

Do not stack PAs with the fins together. It is possible

for the fins on one heatsink to slide between the fins on the

other heatsink. This can damage the sensor board, and

possibly result in the heatsink fins becoming locked

together.

Cabinet and Rack Ventilation

The cooling airflow for the TB9100 base station enters through the front

panel and exits at the rear of the subrack. For optimum thermal

performance, the heated air that has passed through a base station must not

be allowed to re-enter the air intakes on the front panel. Any space at the

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 37

front of the cabinet not occupied by equipment should be covered by a

blanking panel. Refer to Figure 4.1 on page 38.

To allow enough cooling airflow through a cabinet-mounted base station,

we recommend the following:

■an area of at least 23in2 (150cm2) of unrestricted ventilation slots or holes

in front of the air intakes for the fans for each subrack; for example, thirty

0.25x3.3in (6x85mm) slots will allow the recommended airflow

■a vent in the top of the cabinet with an area of approximately 23in2

(150cm2) per subrack, or a similar area of ventilation per subrack at the

rear of the cabinet behind each subrack

■a 2U gap at the top of the cabinet.

Note The ventilation opening must be unrestricted. If the slots or holes

are covered with a filter, mesh or grille, the open area must be

increased to allow the same airflow as an unrestricted opening.

The maximum ambient temperature entering the cabinet must not exceed

+140°F (+60°C).

If the TB9100 base station is installed in a rack or cabinet with other

equipment with different ventilation requirements, we recommend that the

TB9100 be positioned below this equipment.

Auxiliary Extractor

Fans The TB9100 base station does not require auxiliary extractor fans mounted

in the top of the cabinet. If your cabinet is already fitted with fans, the

following procedures apply:

■if there are six or more 4.75in (12cm) fans, each capable of extracting

94.2 ft3 per minute (160m3 per hour), they must run continuously

■if there are fewer than six fans, you must remove them and ensure the

vent in the top of the cabinet has an area of approximately 23in2

(150cm2) per subrack.

If you have any other configuration, the performance of your system will

depend on how closely you comply with the TB9100 base station airflow

requirements described above.

38 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Figure 4.1 Typical cabinet ventilation requirements

bventilation slots dairflow entry

cblanking panels eairflow exit

8in

(20cm)

≥7in

(≥17.5cm)

side view front view

top view

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 39

4.2 Installing and Setting up the CSS

To monitor and configure the base station, and to carry diagnostic tests on

it, you need the CSS. Follow the instructions on the TB9100 CSS CD and

install the CSS on a PC.

To install the CSS, you need a registration key. You can obtain a key from

Tait. Please contact your technical support representative. If you have

previously installed a CSS, you can use the same key.

You also need to set up the PC so that it can handle network

communications with base stations. When the base station is on the bench

and connected via a hub, the PC can use any IP address and no special

routing configuration is needed.

If the PC has a fixed location, refer to the Customer Service Software User’s

Manual for information on how to connect to a base station.

If the PC is a laptop that can be taken on-site, it can be set up so that it can

access any base station on the subnet. Maintenance staff use the CSS on

their laptops during visits to base stations so that they can adjust the

configuration of the base stations they are working on. So that technicians

do not need to change the IP address of their laptop every time they visit a

different site, a laptop subnet is allocated.

This subnet exists on all site LANs in the network but cannot be routed

across the WAN. All routers (unless there are multiple routers on a site LAN)

have the same address in the laptop subnet. This will be a secondary address

on the routers LAN connection.

Each laptop can be set up with an address in the laptop subnet and their

default gateway equal to the router address in that subnet.

Each router will redirect traffic originating on its local LAN and addressed

to the laptop network back to the LAN. New base stations and spare base

stations will also be allocated addresses in this subnet to facilitate their setup.

You need to tell the CSS which base stations it can connect to. This is done

by editing the host information file. Open conncfg.dat in a text editor or

select “Tools > Connections” and add names and IP addresses for each base

station.

Setting up CSS Access Codes

The CSS has three different privilege levels: Guest, Maintainer, and

Administrator. Access codes can be defined for the Maintainer and

Administrator privileges. This is done during the CSS installation process.

When you use the CSS, you automatically have the Guest privilege. If you

try to carry out an operation requiring the Maintainer or the Administrator

40 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

privilege, you are asked for the corresponding access code, if one has been

defined.

Minimum PC Hardware Requirements for Running CSS

1. Pentium 450 MHz

2. SVGA Monitor (1024 * 768 minimum)

3. Available Serial Port

4. 128 Mb RAM

5. 100 Mb of free HD Space

6. Windows 2000/XP

4.3 Unpacking the Base Station

The TB9100 base station is packed in a strong corrugated cardboard carton

with top and bottom foam cushions. To prevent personal injury and damage

to the equipment, we recommend that two people unpack the base station.

To remove the base station from the carton, follow the procedure illustrated

in Figure 4.2 on page 41.

Caution A TB9100 subrack complete with modules can

weigh up to 62lb (28kg), or up to 66lb (30kg)

complete with packaging. We recommend that,

once the equipment is out of the carton, you remove

the modules from the subrack before moving the

equipment again. In all cases follow safe lifting

practices.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 41

1. Cut the tape securing the flaps at the top of the carton and fold them

flat against the sides b.

2. Rotate the carton carefully onto its side c and then onto its top d,

ensuring that none of the flaps is trapped underneath.

3. Slide the carton upwards over the foam cushions and lift it away e.

Remove the cushion from the bottom of the base station f.

4. Rotate the base station and cushion carefully over the rear of the base

station g so that it is the right way up with the cushion on top h.

Remove the cushion from the top of the base station i.

Disposal of

Packaging If you do not need to keep the packaging, we recommend that you recycle

it according to your local recycling methods. The foam cushions are CFC-

and HCFC-free and may be burnt in a suitable waste-to-energy combustion

facility, or compacted in landfill.

Figure 4.2 Unpacking the TB9100 base station

42 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

4.4 Setting Up on the Bench

Before installing the base station in the on-site cabinets or racks, you need

to set it up on the bench. You can then verify that it is operating correctly,

and tune it if necessary. You can also customize its configuration for the

installation it is destined for and verify that the configuration is correct. An

important aspect of that configuration is the base station’s IP address. The

base station comes with a default IP address but needs to be given the IP

address required for its position in the TaitNet digital network.

Important Make sure that the RF output is connected to a suitable

attenuator or dummy load.

Confirming Operation

To ensure that the TB9100 is working correctly before site installation, you

may want to apply power to check for proper operation.

Applying Power 1. Before turning the TB9100 base station on, carry out the following

tasks:

■check that the PMU is turned off – ensure that the AC and DC

module power switches are both set to ‘Off ’ (refer to Figure 5.5

on page 66)

■12V PA only: check that the battery supply lead is disconnected

(refer to “Replacing the Power Amplifier” on page 80)

■remove the front panel (refer to “Preliminary Disassembly” on

page 75)

■check that all looms and cables at the front and rear of the base

station are fitted correctly

■check that all connectors are secure

■refit the front panel – ensure that it is fitted correctly so that the

fans will operate if needed (refer to “Final Reassembly” on

page 88)

2. Apply power by turning on the PMU, or by connecting the battery

supply lead to the 12V PA.

3. Check that the base station powers up correctly:

■check that the cooling fans in the front panel turn on in the

correct order after power-up: the PMU fan will run first, followed

by the PA fan and then the reciter fan; each fan will run for about

five seconds and then switch off (note that the PMU fan is not

fitted to a 12V PA base station)

■check that the LEDs on the control panel come on after about five

seconds, and then go off (refer to “Control Panel” on page 61)

■at this point you can safely press the speaker and microphone

channel button and check that they are operating correctly

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 43

Making Test

Transmissions You can verify that the TB9100 is operating correctly by making some test

transmissions.

1. Ensure that the base station is correctly connected to an appropriate

load and that all RF connectors are secure.

2. Plug the Tait TMAA02-01 microphone supplied with the TB9100

into the RJ-45 socket on the control panel (for a list of the

microphone pin allocations refer to “Microphone Connection” on

page 125).

3. Use the left microphone channel button to select the speech mode for

the transmission. Check that the corresponding microphone channel

LED behaves correctly. Refer to “Microphone Operation” on

page 68.

4. Turn on the speaker audio by pressing the speaker button.

5. Press the PTT switch on the microphone and make your

transmission. Check that:

■the red transmit LED turns on

■there are no alarms generated

■the audio quality on the receiving radio is good

6. When the other radio answers your transmission, check that:

■the green receive LED turns on

■the audio quality from the speaker in the control panel is good

(adjust the speaker volume as required)

Tuning

Before the TB9100 is installed on site, you may need to tune the reciter. You

can use the Calibration Software to carry out the following:

■adjust the switching range of the reciter

■flatten the response across the base station’s switching range

The switching range is the range of frequencies that the base station receiver

or transmitter is calibrated to operate on. To adjust this range, the reciter will

need to be removed from the subrack to gain access to the tuning holes.

For full details on how to carry out the tuning procedures, refer to the

Calibration Software documentation.

44 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Connecting to a Calibration and Test Unit

If you have a TB9100 Calibration and Test Unit (CTU), connect it to the

base station as follows for testing base station operation:

Note Refer to the Calibration Software online Help or User’s Manual

and to the Calibration and Test Unit Operation Manual for

detailed information about connecting and operating the CTU.

With this set up, you can carry out the following tasks to exercise the base

station.

Figure 4.3 TB9100 to CTU connections

bReciter rear fDC input connector

c9-way digital I/O / serial connector gRJ-45

dEthernet RJ-45 h9-way port (male)

eAnalog RJ-45 (audio) i3-wire cable (TXD,RXD,GRND)

Hub

CSS

10-32 VDC

Power

Supply

CTU

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 45

Note The CTU is common to TB8100 and TB9100 base stations: some

of its connectors and controls are not used with a TB9100.

Setting the Base Station IP Address

Before the base station is installed on site, you need to provide it with a name

and its proper IP address. Make sure that you do not lose this address. You

must also add the same name and IP address to the CSS connections list, so

that you can select the base station when you want to re-connect to it.

1. Run the CSS.

2. You are asked to enter the base station password. Don’t enter

anything; just click OK. (New base stations have a null password.)

3. Connect to the base station by selecting from the connection list the

default entry with the IP address 192.168.1.2.

Task Instructions

Listen to the analog line output Turn the switch to 'BALANCED' and

adjust the speaker volume.

Monitor the analog line output Connect test equipment to the LINE

OUTPUT.

Provide test inputs on the analog line Connect test equipment to the LINE

INPUT.

Key the transmitter via the E-line Turn the TX KEY switch to ON.

Alternatively, connect a cable to the TX

KEY and GNT banana sockets and short

the cable. (The E-line must be configured

to key the transmitter using the CSS).

Check the status of the M-line View the RX GATE LED. When it is lit, the

M-line is low (active).

Monitor the digital output Connect test equipment to the RSSI.

Turn digital inputs on and off Switch the DIGITAL INPUTS* 1-4

between OFF and ON. If you have set up

Task Manager actions with the digital

input value as the input, you can check

that the base station responds as

expected.

* NB The TB9100 digital inputs 0-3 are

numbered 1-4 on the CTU, and for the

TB9100 digital input 4, short the TX

RELAY to GND.

Test receiver operation in analog mode Connect NOISE to the reciter's RF input.

Turn the NOISE switch to ON.

Alternatively, connect RF test equipment

and use it.

46 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

4. Read the base station’s configuration.

5. Select “Configure > Digital Line > Network Identity”.

6. Enter the subnet and the IP address specified for this base station by

the IP addressing plan for the network. Also enter a suitable name for

the base station.

Important Be careful to enter the correct address and subnet, and to

keep a written record of them. If you give the base station

an unknown IP address or subnet, the CSS will be unable

to connect to it.

7. Click OK to confirm your entry and exit the configuration form.

8. Click “Tools > Connections” and add an entry to the connections

list, consisting of the name and IP address you have entered.

9. Make any other configuration changes that are required, and click

Save to save them to file.

10. On the toolbar, click Program to program the information into the

base station.

11. Click Overwrite to confirm that you really do want to change the

IP address.

12. Reset the base station so that the new IP address and name take effect.

This disconnects the CSS.

13. Wait for the base station to power up, then on the toolbar, click the

Connect icon.

14. Select the entry you added to the connection list and click Connect.

15. In the status bar, verify that you are actually connected to the base

station

Finding a Lost or Forgotten IP Address

Use the following procedure if an IP address has been lost or forgotten.

1. Connect your PC to the 9-pin serial connector on the back of the

reciter.

2. Run a program such as HyperTerminal, Teraterm or minicom.

3. Select the following port settings: 57600 baud, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop

bit, no flow control.

4. Press the ‘Enter’ key. A login prompt will appear displaying the base

station’s IP address.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 47

Customizing the Configuration

While the base station is still on the bench, you can configure the settings it

requires. The CTU can help you test its operation. The following steps

provide an overview of the process. For detailed information and assistance,

refer to the CSS online Help or manual.

1. Run the CSS software.

2. Check that the CSS PC is connected to the base station via an

Ethernet cable and a hub.

3. On the toolbar, click Connect. The Connections dialog box appears.

4. Click on the appropriate entry in the base station list, and then click

Connect.

5. On the toolbar, click Read to read in the configuration settings on

the connected base station.

6. On the toolbar, click Configure. The navigation tree now gives you

access to the available configuration screens.

7. Make the changes needed.

8. Click “File > Save” to save your changes, and then click Program on

the toolbar to program these changes into the base station.

Important Make sure that you save the configuration to a file. This

provides a backup in case the configuration information

becomes lost or corrupted.

4.5 Installing the Base Station on Site

Equipment Required

It is beyond the scope of this manual to list every piece of equipment that

an installation technician should carry. However, the following tools are

specifically required for installing the TB9100 base station:

■Pozidriv PZ3 screwdriver for the M6 screws used in the DC input

terminals on the PMU; M6 (0.25in) screws are also used to secure the

subrack to the cabinet in Tait factory-assembled systems

■Pozidriv PZ2 screwdriver for the M4 screws used to secure the module

retaining clamps

■0.25in or 6mm flat blade screwdriver for the fasteners used to secure the

front panel to the subrack

■8mm AF spanner for the SMA connectors.

48 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

You can also obtain the TBA0ST2 tool kit from your nearest Tait Dealer or

Customer Service Organization. It contains the basic tools needed to install,

tune, and service the TB9100 base station.

Mounting the Subrack

Caution We recommend that you remove the modules from

the subrack before lifting it (refer to “Replacing

Modules” on page 75), or have another person help

you with the lifting.

1. Remove the front panel, as described in “Preliminary Disassembly”

on page 75.

2. Fit the subrack into the cabinet or rack and secure it firmly with an

M6 (0.25in) screw, flat and spring washer in each of the four main

mounting holes b, as shown in Figure 4.4.

Figure 4.4 Subrack mounting points

bmain mounting holes - front cauxiliary mounting holes - rear

front view

rear view

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 49

Note If you need extra mounting security, additional mounting holes c

are provided at the rear of the subrack for auxiliary support

brackets.

Auxiliary Support

Bracket TBA2140 auxiliary support brackets can be fitted to the rear of the TB9100

subrack to provide additional mounting security. Figure 4.5 shows a standard

TBA2140 bracket b fitted in a typical Tait Electronics cabinet c. If you

are not using a Tait cabinet, you may have to make your own brackets to suit

your installation.

Important You must fit the auxiliary support brackets if you intend to

transport a cabinet fitted with a fully built-up TB9100 base

station.

We also recommend that you fit the brackets under the following

conditions:

■when the installation is in an area prone to earthquakes

■when third party equipment is installed hard up underneath the TB9100

base station subrack.

Optional Slide

Mounting Rails You can also use TBA2141 slide mounting rails b when mounting the

TB9100 base station in a cabinet, as shown in Figure 4.6 on page 50. These

rails will support the base station while you slide it into the cabinet.

However, you must still secure the base station to the cabinet with four M6

(0.25in) screws through the main mounting holes on the front of the

subrack, as shown in Figure 4.4 on page 48.

Figure 4.5 Auxiliary support bracket

50 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Important The slide mounting rails are not suitable for transporting a

cabinet fitted with a fully built-up TB9100 base station. In

this case, you must also fit the TBA2140 auxiliary support

brackets to the upper set of rear mounting holes c (support

bracket not shown in diagram).

General Cabling We recommend that you try to route all cables to and from the TB9100 base

station along the side of the cabinet so the cooling airflow is not restricted.

DC Power Cabling DC power cables should be well supported so that the terminals on the

PMU and on the ends of the cables do not have to support the full weight

of the cables.

Figure 4.7 on page 51 shows two recommended methods of securing these

cables to prevent straining either set of terminals.

Figure 4.6 Optional slide mounting rail - rear view

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 51

Figure 4.7 DC power cabling

secure the cables to the

cabinet to support their

weight

52 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

4.6 Connecting Up the Base Station

This section provides information on the inputs and outputs available when

connecting up the TB9100 base station.

Base Station Connections

The connections at the rear of a 5W or 50W base station are identified in

Figure 4.8.

Figure 4.8 5W or 50W base station inputs and outputs

bserial RS-232 connector h-VDC input

cdigital line connector i+VDC input

danalog line connector jauxiliary 12VDC output

e1 pps input 1) AC mains input

fexternal reference frequency input 1! RF input

gRF output 1@ subrack ground connector

cd f

reciter PMU

i1!

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 53

The connections at the rear of a 5W or 50W 12V PA base station are

identified in Figure 4.9.

Figure 4.9 5W or 50W 12 V PA base station inputs and outputs

bserial RS-232 connector gRF output

cdigital line connector h+12VDC input

danalog line connector iRF input

e1 pps input jsubrack ground connector

fexternal reference frequency input

cd f

reciter

54 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Control Panel Connections

Power Supply Connections

AC Power The TB9100 PMU is designed to accept a mains input of 88 to 264VAC at

45 to 65Hz. We recommend that a 3-wire grounded outlet be used to

supply the AC power. The socket-outlet must be installed near the

equipment and must be easily accessible. This outlet should be connected to

an AC power supply capable of providing at least 600W. The requirements

of two typical AC supplies are given in the following table.

Your TB9100 base station should come

supplied with a power supply cord to

connect the male IEC connector on the

PMU to the local AC supply. The pins of

the IEC connector on the PMU are

identified at right.

DC Power with PMU The TB9100 PMU is designed to accept a nominal 12VDC, 24VDC or

48VDC input (depending on the model) with negative or positive ground.

There is a minimum DC startup threshold to prevent damaging a battery

which has little capacity left.

Figure 4.10 Control panel inputs and outputs

bDC outputs for fans mounted on front panel;

also used for fan rotation detectors (if fitted)

cmicrophone connector

Nominal Supply Current Requirement Circuit Breaker/Fuse

Rating

115VAC 8A 10A

230VAC 4A 6A

ground

rear view

neutral

phase

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 55

You must connect the DC supply from the battery to the PMU via a fuse or

DC-rated circuit breaker with the appropriate rating, as shown in the table

below. The DC input leads should be of a suitable gauge to ensure less than

0.2V drop at maximum load over the required length of lead.

Terminate and insulate the DC input leads so they are protected from

accidentally shorting to the subrack if the PMU is removed before the leads

are disconnected.

DC Power with 12V

PA The TB9100 12V PA is designed to accept a nominal 12VDC input with

negative ground. There is a minimum DC startup threshold to prevent

damaging a battery which has little capacity left.

You must connect the DC supply from the battery to the PA via a fuse or

DC-rated circuit breaker with the appropriate rating, as shown in the table

below. The DC input leads should be of a suitable gauge to ensure less than

0.2V drop at maximum load over the required length of lead.

Nominal Supply

Voltage

Input Voltage

Range

Circuit Breaker/

Fuse Rating

Recommended

Wire Gaugea

a. For a length of 5ft to 6.5ft (1.5m to 2m) (typical).

12VDC 10VDC to 16.8VDC 60A 2AWG / 35mm2

24VDC 20VDC to 33.6VDC 30A 5AWG / 16mm2

48VDC 40VDC to 60VDC 15A 8AWG / 8mm2

Figure 4.11 Recommended DC power connection

Nominal Supply

Voltage

Input Voltage

Range

Circuit Breaker/

Fuse Rating

Recommended

Wire Gaugea

a. For a length of 5ft to 6.5ft (1.5m to 2m) (typical).

12VDC 10VDC to 16.8VDC 15A to 18A 8AWG / 8mm2

56 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Auxiliary DC Power

PMU Auxiliary DC

Output The PMU can provide an auxiliary DC output when it is fitted with the

optional auxiliary power supply board. This board is available with an output

of 13.65VDC, 27.3VDC, or 54.6VDC (depending on the model), and is

currently limited to 3A, 1.5A or 750mA respectively. This optional power

supply is available on the auxiliary output connector on the rear panel.

The auxiliary power supply is configured by the CSS. Refer to the

“Customer Service Software User’s Manual” for more details.

We do not recommend connecting two or more auxiliary power supply

boards in parallel to increase the current supply to external equipment. In

this situation, the auxiliary board with the highest voltage will try to supply

all the current required, until it goes into current limit and the voltage

reduces to the level where another board will begin to supply power.

Running an auxiliary board continuously in current limit will reduce its life

span and reliability. Also, if one auxiliary board fails or is switched off when

a base station is powered down for some reason, the remaining auxiliary

boards will be unable to supply the required current and will go into current

limit, possibly causing the external equipment to shut down.

It is, however, acceptable to connect two or more auxiliary power supply

boards in parallel (e.g. for redundancy), as long as the current consumption

of the external equipment is less than the rating of one board. This means

that, even if only one auxiliary board is functioning, it will still be able to

supply the current requirements of the external equipment.

Auxiliary DC Power

Supply Connections Figure 4.12 below shows the standard Tait auxiliary DC power cables

available. Details of the individual connector types are also provided in case

you want to make up your own cables.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 57

Contact your nearest Tait Dealer or Customer Service Organisation for

details on the full range of wiring kits available.

RF Connections

Important The PA may be damaged if the load is removed or switched

while the PA is transmitting.

The RF input to the TB9100 is via the lower BNC/TNC connector on the

rear panel of the reciter. The RF output is via the N-type connector on the

rear panel of the PA (refer to Figure 4.8 on page 52).

We recommend that you use dual-screened coaxial cable such as RG223 for

the BNC/TNC connections, and RG214 for the N-type connections.

External Reference

For K4 Band, the internal frequency reference accuracy is inadequate, and

an external reference (eg. Tait T801-02) must be used. The external

reference frequency can be 10MHz or 12.8MHz, with an input level of

300mV pp to 5V pp. The stability of this reference should be better than 50

parts per billion.

If an external reference is required, the CSS must be programmed to select

10MHz or 12.8MHz (“Configure > Base Station > Miscellaneous”), and

the external reference “Enable” and “Invalid” alarms can be enabled

(“Configure > Alarms > Control”).

Figure 4.12 Auxiliary DC power cables

b2x2-way Molex 43025-0400/

crimp socket 43030-0001 female

d2x1-way Molex 43025-0200/

crimp socket 43030-0001 female

cPhoenix MVSTBR2.5HC/2-ST/5.08

female

TBA2241

TBA2242

TBA2243

TBA2244

58 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Coaxial Relay

Important When the base station is used in simplex mode using a sin-

gle antenna with a coaxial changeover relay, the isolation of

this relay must be > 40dB. The relay operating time must

be < 20ms.

To prevent damage to the base station, the relay must not switch whilst the

base station is transmitting, and the tranmsitter must not operate whilst the

relay is switched to the receiver.

System Interface

The reciter is fitted with industry-standard sockets which provide the

connections for the digital and analog lines, and the serial communication

link. Figure 4.8 on page 52 shows the position of the sockets on the rear of

the reciter. Each socket visible from the reciter will be clearly labeled to

ensure proper connection.

Digital Line The RJ-45 socket labeled ETH provides the Ethernet connection to the

other devices in the network. The 10BASE-T ethernet uses Cat-5 cable and

RJ-45 sockets to connect the base station to the network via a hub or router.

Refer to “Digital Interface Connection” on page 124 for a list of ethernet

connection pin allocations.

Analog Line The RJ-45 socket labeled AUD provides the direct audio connection to a

local or remote dispatcher. This also provides a basic E&M signaling

interface. Refer to “Analog Interface Connection” on page 123 for a list of

the analog connection pin allocations.

Important The analog RJ-45 socket is keyed to ensure that the correct

cable (one with a keyed plug) is connected. If the analog

cable were to be connected to the digital RJ-45 socket, the

potentially high voltages on the E&M lines would damage

the ethernet interface.

Before connecting up any E & M or 4-wire audio circuit,

consult the Network Installation Guide for information on

circuit design and interface protection. On the E & M

circuit, the DC current flow must not exceed 150 mA

under any conditions. There must also be sufficient

suppression to absorb any inductive spikes. If DC is applied

to the 4 wire audio lines, it should also be limited to 150

mA. The nominal voltage should not exceed 48V and the

peak voltage must never exceed 58V.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Installation 59

Note Refer to the CSS documentation for information on setting the

analog line level.

Serial Port The 9-way D-range socket provides the serial RS-232 connection to

external devices. This socket is compatible with IBM PC serial cables.

This socket can be used to connect the reciter to the 9-way male connector

on the Calibration and Test Unit when tuning and calibration is required.

Refer to “Connecting to a Calibration and Test Unit” on page 44 for

further details.

The serial interface is shared with the programmable digital inputs and

outputs. These are configured via the CSS and may be used for local reciter

control or for alarm inputs and outputs. Refer to the CSS documentation

for further information.

The assignment of the serial interface pins does not interfere with the

functions of the digital inputs and outputs. Refer to “Serial Interface

Connection” on page 123 for a description of the pin allocations.

60 Installation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Base Station Operation 61

5 Base Station Operation

5.1 Operating Controls and LED Indicators

This section describes the hardware controls and LED indicators on the

TB9100 control panel, reciter and PMU. The hardware controls allow some

manual control of the base station, and the LEDs indicate its operational

status.

Control Panel

The operating buttons and indicator LEDs on the left side of the control

panel are used to control the TB9100 base station, as shown in Figure 5.1.

Figure 5.1 Operating controls on the control panel

bspeaker volume fpower LED

cspeaker button and LED gcarrier button and transmit LED

dreceive LED halarm LED

espeaker imicrophone channel button and LED

62 Base Station Operation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Speaker Button and

LED The speaker button selects the type of speaker output. The green speaker

LED indicates the type of speaker output. Refer to “Speaker Operation” on

page 67.

Speaker Volume

Button Controls the volume of the speaker mounted behind the control panel.

Rotate clockwise to increase the volume, and anticlockwise to decrease the

volume.

Receive LED The green receive LED is on when a valid signal is received on the base

station that has won the ‘vote’ (see “Signal Voting and Switching” on

page 22).

The receive LED also indicates when the base station has received a valid

signal that has lost the ‘vote’, as described in the following table:

Speaker The control panel is fitted with a 0.5W speaker. Audio from the base station

can be connected to this speaker.

Power LED The green power LED is lit when the PMU is turned on and supplying

power to the TB9100 base station.

Carrier Button and

Transmit LED The carrier button is a momentary press switch. When held down, it keys

the transmitter while disabling the 600Ω balanced and unbalanced line, and

microphone audio. The transmitted signal is unmodulated, i.e. carrier only.

The red transmit LED is lit while the transmitter is transmitting.

Alarm LED The red alarm LED will flash at a rate of 2 to 5Hz when an alarm has been

generated by any of the TB9100 modules. It will continue to flash until the

alarm is canceled, the fault is fixed, or the base station is in standby mode.

Note that only those alarms which are enabled using the CSS will cause this

LED to flash.

The alarm LED also indicates when the base station is in standby mode, as

described in the following table:

LED

behaviour Description

On (steady) Base station is receiving a valid signal that has won the vote

Flash Base station is receiving a valid signal that has lost the vote

Off Base station is deactivated, or is not receiving any signals

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Base Station Operation 63

Microphone

Channel Button and

LED

The left microphone channel button selects the speech mode for the

microphone transmission. The associated microphone channel LED

indicates the type of speech mode. Refer to “Microphone Operation” on

page 68 for more information.

Reciter

The reciter indicator LEDs are located on the front and on the rear.

Front View The indicator LEDs on the front are visible through a slot in the front panel.

These LEDs provide the following information about the state of the reciter:

■steady green - the reciter is powered up

■flashing red - one or more alarms have been generated; you can use the

CSS to find out more details about the alarms.

LED

behaviour Description

On (steady) Base station is in standby mode (regardless of the presence of other

faults)

Flash Base station is in run mode, and one or more faults are present

Off Base station is in run mode, and no faults are present

Figure 5.2 Indicator LEDs on the front of the reciter

bindicator LEDs chex switch (for future use)

64 Base Station Operation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Rear View The indicator LEDs on the rear are visible through small holes in the rear

panel.

Network Transmit

LED The amber network transmit LED will flash for 1 second when data is

transmitted across the digital line.

Network Activity

LED The green network activity LED is lit when the digital line is connected.

When network activity is detected, the LED will flash on for 1 second and

off for 1 second.

Network Board

PowerPC LED The green network board PowerPC LED will flash continuously when the

PowerPC is functioning normally.

Network Board DSP

LED The amber network board DSP LED will flash continuously when the DSP

is functioning normally.

Figure 5.3 Indicator LEDs on the rear of the reciter

bnetwork transmit LED cnetwork activity LED

dnetwork board PowerPC LED enetwork board DSP LED

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Base Station Operation 65

The indicator LEDs on the PA are visible through a slot in the front panel.

Indicator LEDs These LEDs provide the following information about the state of the PA:

■steady green - the PA is powered up

■flashing green - the PA has no application firmware loaded; you can use

the CSS to download the firmware

■flashing red - one or more alarms have been generated; you can use the

CSS to find out more details about the alarms.

Figure 5.4 Indicator LEDs on the PA

bindicator LEDs

5/50W PA

100W PA

66 Base Station Operation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

PMU

The only controls on the PMU are the on/off switches on the rear panel for

the AC and DC modules, and the indicator LEDs visible through a slot in

the front panel.

AC Module On/Off

Switch This switch turns the AC input to the PMU on and off. Note that this

switch breaks only the phase circuit, not the neutral.

DC Module On/Off

Switch This switch turns the DC output from the PMU on and off. It is recessed

to prevent the DC module being accidentally switched off, thus disabling

the battery back-up supply.

Note that this switch disables only the control circuitry – the DC input is

still connected to the power circuitry.

Warning!! These switches do not totally isolate the internal

circuitry of the PMU from the AC or DC power

supplies. You must disconnect the AC and DC

supplies from the PMU before dismantling or

carrying out any maintenance. Refer to the

service manual for the correct servicing

procedures.

Figure 5.5 Operating controls on the PMU

bAC module on/off switch dindicator LEDs

cDC module on/off switch

rear view

front view

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Base Station Operation 67

Indicator LEDs These LEDs provide the following information about the state of the PMU:

■steady green - the PMU is powered up

■flashing green - the PMU has no application firmware loaded; you can

use the CSS to download the firmware

■flashing red - one or more alarms have been generated; you can use the

CSS to find out more details about the alarms.

5.2 Monitoring the Base Station

You can monitor the performance of your TB9100 remotely with the CSS.

Use the Monitor option to view information about the current state of the

base station. This option provides details about the PMU, PA and reciter

modules. It also displays operational information, such as whether the base

station is currently operating in digital P25 or analog FM mode, the status

of the network link, and which signal input to the base station has won the

vote.

5.3 Control Panel Operation

The TB9100 control panel provides access to the microphone and speaker.

It allows the maintainer to:

■monitor voice traffic

■communicate with the dispatcher and other radio users.

Speaker Operation

The speaker can monitor the signal transmitting across the channel group

(voter output) or the RF signal received by the base station. The speaker

output is controlled using the speaker button.

To set the speaker output:

1. Press the speaker button

once to turn the speaker on

and play the voter output.

The green speaker LED

flashes. The speaker

produces audible speech for

P25 digital and analog FM

signals.

2. Press the speaker button a

second time to play the

receiver input. The green

speaker LED is lit.

power on

speaker off

speaker on,

voter output

speaker on,

receiver signal press

press

68 Base Station Operation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

3. Press the speaker button a third time to turn the speaker off.

Gating and squelch mechanisms are carried out as normal on the voter

output.

When the receiver input is monitored, the speaker audio is ungated but the

base station still carries out gating and squelch mechanisms on the signal

input to the voter. The speaker produces audible speech on P25 signals

when the base station successfully detects frame synchronization.

Note If the RF receiver is configured to receive analog signals only, the

speaker will only play P25 speech if the voter output is selected. If

the RF receiver is configured to receive digital signals only, the

speaker will only play analog speech if the voter output is selected.

To maintain security, the speaker never decrypts encrypted calls. If a call is

encrypted, the speaker produces squalks and squeaks. However, if the base

station has an encryption license, the speaker remains silent.

Microphone Operation

The control panel microphone allows the maintainer to talk to the

dispatcher and to the other radio terminals in the network. This can be done

in digital mode or analog mode. This section describes how to set the speech

mode for the call. For detailed information about making a control panel

call, refer to “Making Test Transmissions” on page 43.

To set the mode for the control panel:

1. Press the left microphone channel button once to set the mode to

analog FM. The green microphone LED is lit.

2. Press the microphone channel button a second time to set the mode

to digital FM. The green microphone LED flashes.

When the control panel is set to digital mode, the microphone identity is

configured by the NAC (network access code) in the signaling profile. The

call destination is to all units in the channel group.

When the microphone is set to analog mode, the call properties are

configured by sub-audible signaling in the signaling profile. Control panel

calls can be made when the base station is in either Standby or Run mode.

Note Making transmissions from the microphone overrides any other

calls on the channel. Before using the microphone to make a call,

make sure that the channel is clear, otherwise, any calls in progress

on the channel, including emergency calls, will be terminated.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Base Station Operation 69

5.4 Monitoring Front Panel Fan Operation

You can test that the PA and PMU fans are working by requesting the base

station to turn them on. This is done via the CSS Diagnose section and is

recommended after fixing a fault or replacing a fan. When you fit a fan, use

this test to check that the fan is correctly connected to the appropriate PA

or PMU. The CSS will toggle the fan on for a set number of seconds, then

the test will end and control of the fan will revert back to the base station.

70 Base Station Operation TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual 71

6 Troubleshooting

Check that all front and rear connectors and cables are in place, and

that power switches are on. If problems persist, contact your nearest Tait

Dealer or Customer Service Organization.

Symptom Possible Cause Action

Alarm LED red and steady

(not flashing)

Base station is in standby

mode

Use CSS to put base station in Run mode

All reciter LEDs on Digital board not

communicating with

Network board

Replace reciter module and send faulty module for

servicing

Front panel speaker

transmits unintelligible

sounds

An encrypted P25 call is

being monitored/received

Turn speaker off or take no action - only other

radios with encryption decoder can decrypt

encrypted calls

Front panel speaker is silent

although calls are being

transmitted

An encrypted P25 call is

being monitored/received

If the base station has an encryption license, the

speaker remains silent when encrypted calls are

transmitted

Clear warning on transmit This means that the base

station/analog gateway

transmitted a clear and not

encrypted call

You have a non-encryption system and the clear

warning hasn't been turned off in the configuration

You are transmitting clear when you should be

transmitting encryption. This could be because:

a) your calling profile specifies an encryption key

but you don't have a basic encryption license

b) your calling profile specifies an encryption key.

That key is filled with AES key information but

you don't have an AES encryption license

(future releases only).

Mismatch warning on

transmit

The base station doesn't

transmit/ the analog

gateway doesn't pass

signal on to the network

The calling profile specifies an encryption key, but

that key is not loaded

Mismatch warning on

receive

The base station doesn't

receive/ the analog

gateway doesn't pass

signal on to the network

Use the CSS to monitor calls and check that there is

no mismatch between the received call and the

current calling profile

TX stuck on TX and RX frequencies are

the same

Reconfigure TX and RX with different frequencies

Power LED on control

panel is on, but nothing

else works

Panel is disabled Check that the control panel is enabled on the CSS

72 TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

No power or LEDs on

control panel

System control bus not

connected to control panel

Check I2C cable connections

Pins bent on 15-pin D-

range plug on subrack

Replace or repair D-range plug

Can’t send microphone

audio

Correct buttons have not

been pressed on the

control panel to select

either P25 or Analog mode

for the microphone

Check that correct mode is selected

P25 call being made, but

feature not enabled

Check that this feature has been enabled on the

CSS

Control panel behaviour is

random, as if buttons are

being pressed

I2C cable is not connected

to PMU

Check the I2C cable connection to the PMU - if the

I2C cable is not connected to the PMU, the system

control bus is not properly terminated and will

account for any strange behaviour

Base station appears to

make random

transmissions

CWID feature enabled No action - CWID transmissions are made according

to configuration settings

Supplementary services

don’t work

Features and permissions

have not been enabled

correctly

Check service profiles. The service profile attached

to the channel enables supplementary services on

the RF receiver. The service profile attached to the

calling profile enables supplementary services on

the analog line in.

PA has low power Channel is configured to

low power

Use the CSS to check the power settings

PA may have suffered

partial damage

Replace module and send faulty module for

servicing

Digital line not working Multicast address incorrect Check the CSS still connects to the base station,

and check that the multicast address is correct

a) keyed connectors were

not used

b) the analog line was

connected by mistake to

the digital line

c) E & M connection has

non-current limiting power

supply

Replace module and send faulty module for

servicing

Test t o n es c an’t be heard IMBE does not pass on

tones higher than 400 HZ

Ensure test tones are less than 400 Hz

Static on analog RX P25 call is being made on

an analog channel

Check configuration on CSS

Symptom Possible Cause Action

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual 73

Base station performs task

manager actions

unexpectedly when going

into run mode

Digital input cable is not

attached, the inputs are

active low: thus if no cable

is attached the base station

reads them as all on.

1. Check the cable carrying digital inputs

2. Try to avoid Task Manager tasks that trigger

when digital inputs float high

Base station performs task

manager actions

unexpectedly and no

longer responds to digital

inputs

Lost or forgotten base

station IP address

1. Connect your PC to the 9-pin serial connector on

the back of the reciter.

2. Run a program such as HyperTerminal, Teraterm

or minicom.

3. Select the following port settings: 57600 baud, 8

bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control.

4. Press the ‘Enter’ key. A login prompt will appear

displaying the base station’s IP address.

Control panel cannot

communicate with the

dispatcher

Repeat mode is disabled.

(This is currently an

inevitable consequence if

the base station has repeat

mode disabled. Disabling

repeat mode separates the

voice stream into two; the

inbound voice stream goes

to the analog line and the

outbound voice stream

goes to the transmitter.)

Enable repeat mode. Use a portable for

communications with the dispatcher. A future

release will allow the choice of connecting the

microphone to the inbound or the outbound voice

stream.

Symptom Possible Cause Action

74 TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Replacing Modules 75

7 Replacing Modules

Caution The TB9100 PA and PMU weigh between 10.1lb

(4.6kg) and 12.8lb (5.8kg) each. Take care when

handling these modules to avoid personal injury.

Important The cooling fans are mounted on the front panel and will

only operate when the panel is fitted correctly to the front

of the subrack. To ensure adequate airflow through the base

station, do not operate it for more than a few minutes with

the front panel removed (e.g. for servicing purposes). Both

the PMU and PA modules have built-in protection

mechanisms to prevent damage from overheating.

7.1 Saving the Base Station’s Configuration

Before replacing a module in the TB9100 base station, you should decide

whether you need to save its configuration data. If you are unsure whether

you have a record of the configuration, use the CSS to read the base station

and save the configuration file before removing any modules. Once you have

replaced the module, you will be able to restore the original configuration

by programming the saved configuration back into the base station.

If one or more of the modules is faulty, you may be unable to read the base

station. In this case, you will have to restore the configuration from a

back-up file. Refer to the CSS documentation for more information.

7.2 Preliminary Disassembly

Hot-pluggable

Modules The reciter, PA and control panel are hot-pluggable and can be removed

from the TB9100 without powering down the whole base station. These

modules can also be removed without disrupting the system control bus

communications with the other modules in the base station system.

Important The PMU must be connected to the system control bus at

all times. The terminating circuitry for the bus is located in

the PMU, and if the PMU is disconnected, the state of

much of the bus will be undefined. This may cause

corrupted data to be present on the bus when the reciter

reads the states of the switches on the control panel. This in

turn may result in random actuations of microphone PTT,

carrier, or speaker key, causing the base station to transmit

or the speaker to be actuated incorrectly.

76 Replacing Modules TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

If you want to disconnect the power before working on the TB9100, carry

out the instructions in “Disconnect the Power” on page 76.

Important Before removing a PA, disconnect the DC input and RF

input first, followed by the RF output (and DC output on

the 12V PA). After refitting the PA, reconnect the RF out-

put (and DC output on the 12V PA) first, followed by the

RF input, and then the DC input.

Disconnect the

Power 1. Turn off the AC b and DC c switches at the rear of the PMU.

2. Also at the rear of the PMU disconnect the mains d and battery e

supply leads, and the auxiliary DC supply lead f (if fitted).

3. If the base station is using a 12V PA, disconnect the battery supply

lead g.

bcdef

PMU 12V PA

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Replacing Modules 77

Remove the Front

Panel 1. Undo the fastener at each end of the front panel b with a quarter

turn anti-clockwise.

2. While supporting the left end of the front panel, place your fingers in

the recess provided on the left side of the control panel opening c

and pull the right end of the front panel away from the subrack. You

will need to overcome the resistance of the spring clip securing the

front panel to the control panel.

7.3 Replacing the Control Panel

Removal 1. If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in

“Preliminary Disassembly” on page 75.

2. Undo the retaining screw b. Note that the screw stays attached to the

control panel.

3. Pull the bottom of the control panel away from the subrack c to

disconnect the D-range socket on the back of the panel from the plug

d on the subrack.

lockedunlocked

78 Replacing Modules TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

4. Pull the control panel down e to disengage the center tab f from

the subrack.

Refitting 1. Fit the top of the control panel to the subrack so that the center tab

is behind the lip of the subrack and between the two locating tabs

formed in the lip. Push the control panel firmly upwards g.

2. Align the D-range socket on the back of the control panel with the

plug on the subrack. Gently push the bottom of the panel home

against the subrack h to engage the plug into the socket.

3. Insert the securing screw into the floating nut i in the subrack and

tighten. Note that you may have to push the screw in and down to

pick up the floating nut.

4. Carry out the instructions in “Final Reassembly” on page 88.

7.4 Replacing the Reciter

Removal 1. If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in

“Preliminary Disassembly” on page 75, and remove the control

panel, as described in “Replacing the Control Panel” on page 77.

2. At the rear of the reciter, unplug the RF input cable b, any system

cables c and the external reference cable d (if fitted).

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Replacing Modules 79

3. At the front of the reciter, unplug the DC input cable e and the RF

output cable f, and move both cables to one side. Unplug both ends

of the system control bus loom g and remove it.

4. Loosen the screw securing the retaining clamp h and rotate the

clamp through 90° to clear the module.

5. Slide the reciter out of the subrack, taking care not to damage any of

the cables.

Refitting 1. Slide the replacement reciter into the subrack and secure it with the

retaining clamp.

2. Reconnect all the front and rear panel cables previously disconnected.

Ensure the front panel cables are retained by the cable retaining clips

j in the top of the subrack.

Important Do not force the system control bus behind the reciter

handle as this may damage the ribbon cable.

Note If you need to remove any front panel cables, simply pull the front

of the cable retaining clip down and then slide it out from the

subrack until it reaches the end of its travel.

3. Tighten the nut on the SMA connector to a torque of 8lbf·in

(0.9N·m).

4. Refit the control panel, as described in “Replacing the Control

Panel” on page 77.

5. Carry out the instructions in “Final Reassembly” on page 88.

bcd gf

(obscured)

80 Replacing Modules TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

7.5 Replacing the Power Amplifier

Important Before removing a PA, disconnect the DC input and RF

input first, followed by the RF output (and DC output on

the 12V PA). After refitting the PA, reconnect the RF out-

put (and DC output on the 12V PA) first, followed by the

RF input, and then the DC input.

Removal 1. If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in

“Preliminary Disassembly” on page 75. If necessary, remove the

control panel, as described in “Replacing the Control Panel” on

page 77.

2. At the front of the PA, unplug the DC input cable (DC output cable

on the 12V PA) b and the RF input cable c, and move both cables

to one side. Unplug both ends of the system control bus loom d and

remove it.

3. At the rear of the PA, unplug the RF output cable. 12V PA only:

also unplug the battery supply lead.

4. Loosen the screw securing the retaining clamp(s) e and rotate the

clamp(s) through 90° to clear the module.

5. Slide the PA out of the subrack, taking care not to damage any of the

cables.

Refitting 1. Slide the replacement PA into the subrack and secure it with the

retaining clamp(s).

2. At the rear of the PA, connect the RF output cable. 12V PA only:

also connect the battery supply lead.

3. At the front of the PA, connect the RF input cable, followed by the

DC input cable (DC output cable on the 12V PA).

ecb

ddec e

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Replacing Modules 81

4. Reconnect all the other front and rear panel cables previously

disconnected. Ensure the front panel cables are retained by the cable

retaining clips in the top of the subrack.

Note If you need to remove any front panel cables, simply pull the front

of the cable retaining clip down and then slide it out from the

subrack until it reaches the end of its travel.

5. Tighten the nut on the SMA connector to a torque of 8lbf·in

(0.9N·m).

6. If necessary, refit the control panel, as described in “Replacing the

Control Panel” on page 77.

7. Carry out the instructions in “Final Reassembly” on page 88.

7.6 Replacing the Power Management Unit

Important You must disconnect the AC and DC power cables before

removing the PMU from the subrack.

Removal 1. If you have not already done so, carry

out the instructions in “Preliminary

Disassembly” on page 75.

2. At the front of the PMU, unplug the

output power cable(s) b and system

control bus loom c, and move them

to one side.

3. Loosen the screw securing the

retaining clamps d and rotate the

clamps through 90° to clear the

module.

4. Slide the PMU out of the subrack,

taking care not to damage any of the

cables.

Refitting 1. Slide the replacement PMU into the subrack and secure it with the

retaining clamps.

2. Reconnect all the front and rear panel cables previously disconnected.

Connect the DC power cables on the rear panel as shown in

Figure 4.7 on page 51. Ensure the front panel cables are retained by

the cable retaining clips in the top of the subrack.

dbcd

(obscured)

82 Replacing Modules TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Note If you need to remove any front panel cables, simply pull the front

of the cable retaining clip down and then slide it out from the

subrack until it reaches the end of its travel.

3. Carry out the instructions in “Final Reassembly” on page 88.

7.7 Replacing the Front Panel Fans

Unless otherwise indicated, the following instructions refer to Figure 7.1 on

page 84.

Removal 1. If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in

“Preliminary Disassembly” on page 75.

2. PA Fan

a. Remove the four screws labeled b and remove the duct and fan

assembly from the front panel.

b. Unplug the fan from the fan contact board c.

c. Remove the fours screws holding the fan into the duct d and

remove the fan.

3. PMU Fan

a. Remove the PA fan/duct assembly as described above.

b. Remove the two screws labeled e and remove the PMU fan/duct

assembly.

c. Unplug the fan from the fan contact board f.

d. Remove the fours screws holding the fan into the duct g and

remove the fan.

Refitting 1. Fit the replacement fan into the duct with the power wires located in

the slot in the side of the duct h.

2. Refit the four screws securing the fan into the duct. Do not

overtighten these screws or you will distort the fan body.

3. PMU Fan

a. Refit the PMU fan/duct assembly onto its mounting bosses. Note

that the two inner mounting tabs i fit over the bosses.

b. Plug the fan into the fan contact board f and route the wires

around the PA fan opening j.

c. Refit the two screws labeled e.

d. Refit the PA fan as described below.

4. PA Fan

a. Plug the power wires into the fan contact board c and route the

wires around the PA fan opening j.

b. Refit the PA fan/duct assembly onto its mounting bosses. Note

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Replacing Modules 83

that the two inner mounting tabs 1) fit over the inner tabs of the

PMU fan. Ensure that all the power wires are secured under the

retaining hooks 1! and are not crimped.

c. Refit the fours screws labeled b.

5. Carry out the instructions in “Final Reassembly” on page 88.

Important You must connect the fans to the correct sockets on the fan

contact board. If the fan connections are reversed, the

wrong fan will be activated when a module needs cooling.

The module may then fold back and shut down. When you

power-up the TB9100, check that the PMU fan runs first,

followed by the PA fan. Each fan will run for about five

seconds.

Important You must refit the correct duct to the PA fan. There are

several small but important differences between the duct for

a 5W or 50W PA and the duct for a 100W PA. Refer to

Figure 7.3 on page 89 for more details.

84 Replacing Modules TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Figure 7.1 Replacing the front panel fans

hhg

ij1)1!

PA fan PMU fan

PA fan connector

PMU fan connector

100W base station front panel shown

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Replacing Modules 85

7.8 Replacing the Module Guide Rails

The module guide rails are held in place by four hooks that fit through the

slots in the top and bottom of the subrack. There is also a locking tab which

prevents the guide rails from working loose.

Removal 1. Bottom Guide Rails

a. Insert a small flat-blade screwdriver under the front end of the

guide rail and lift it slightly b. This will ensure the small locking

tab is clear of the slot in the subrack.

b. Whilst holding the front end of the guide rail up, pull the guide

rail towards the front of the subrack c and lift it clear of the slots.

2. Top Rails

a. Insert a small flat-blade screwdriver under the rear end of the

guide rail and lift it slightly d. This will ensure the small locking

tab is clear of the slot in the subrack.

b. Whilst holding the rear end of the guide rail up, pull the guide rail

towards the rear of the subrack e and lift it clear of the slots.

Refitting 1. Bottom Guide Rails

a. With the locating hooks pointing towards the rear of the subrack,

insert the hooks into the slots in the subrack.

b. Push the guide rail towards the rear of the subrack until you hear

the locking tab “click” into place.

2. Top Guide Rails

a. With the locating hooks pointing towards the front of the subrack,

insert the hooks into the slots in the subrack.

b. Push the guide rail towards the front of the subrack until you hear

the locking tab “click” into place.

bottom guide rail top guide rail

86 Replacing Modules TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

7.9 Replacing the Subrack Interconnect Board

There are two types of subrack interconnect board available, as follows:

■for base stations with PMU

■for base stations with 12V PA

Figure 7.2 on page 87 shows the two types of board, and “Switch settings”

on page 87 explains the settings for the switches on the 12V PA

interconnect board.

Removal 1. If you have not already done so, carry out the instructions in “Pre-

liminary Disassembly” on page 75, and remove the control panel, as

described in “Replacing the Control Panel” on page 77.

2. Disconnect any system control bus cables.

3. Remove the M3 nuts and spring washers b securing the interconnect

board to the subrack, as shown in Figure 7.2.

4. Remove the board. If you are changing the type of board, also remove

the insulator c.

Refitting 1. If previously removed, replace the insulator. If you are changing the

type of board, you must fit the matching insulator.

2. Refit the board and secure with the M3 nuts and spring washers.

3. If you have fitted a 12V PA interconnect board, set the switches of S1

d as described in “Switch settings” on page 87.

4. Reconnect the system control bus cables as shown in Figure 7.2.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Replacing Modules 87

Switch settings You must set the switches on the 12V PA interconnect board correctly.

Table 7.1 gives the switch settings for newer boards with the part number

220-02037-04 and later. These boards are used with 12V PA base stations.

Figure 7.2 Replacing the subrack interconnect board

bc x3

base station with PMU

base station with 12V PA - IPN 220-02037-04 and later

reciter

12V PA/PMU

system control bus connections

88 Replacing Modules TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

7.10 Final Reassembly

Important You must refit the correct type of front panel to your

TB9100 base station. There are several small but important

differences between the front panel for a 5W or 50W base

station and the front panel for a 100W base station. These

differences are in the duct for the PA fan and are described

in the following paragraphs.

5W or 50W Front

Panel The PA fan duct does not have the cut-outs b required for the 100W PA

RF and DC cables. The break-off tab c will also still be present and will

jam on the system control bus. Do not try to fit this front panel to a 100W

base station or you will damage these cables and possibly the front panel

itself.

100W Front Panel Do not fit this front panel to a 5W or 50W base station. The presence of

the cut-outs and absence of the break-off tab will allow air to escape and

reduce the velocity of air directed through the heatsink.

Table 7.1 Switch S1 settings - IPN 220-02037-04 and later

Switch Function

Base Station with

12 V PA

State

1 CH1 select button active off

2 CH2 select button active off

3 independent CH1 and CH2 channels Tait use only - leave on

4 channel 1 I2C_CLK pullup on

5 channel 1 I2C_DATA pullup on

6 channel 2 I2C_CLK pullup on

7 channel 2 I2C_DATA pullup on

8 connected CH1 and CH2 channels Tait use only - leave off

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Replacing Modules 89

1. Before fitting the front panel, ensure that all cables are secured and

positioned correctly so they are clear of the fan ducts (refer to

Figure 4.8 on page 52 and “Appendix B – Inter-Module

Connections” on page 127). Otherwise the panel may not fit

properly, or you may damage the cables.

2. Refit the Front Panel

a. Fit the front panel onto the locating pegs on the subrack. Fit the

left end first, followed by the right end, pressing the panel in the

center as shown b to secure the spring clip behind the control

panel.

b. Secure the fastener at each end c with a quarter turn clockwise.

Align the slot horizontally, then press the fastener in and turn to

lock.

Figure 7.3 Identifying the correct front panel

100W front panel:

the PA fan duct has cut-outs

but no break-off tab

5 or 50W front panel:

the PA fan duct has the break-

off tab but no cut-outs

90 Replacing Modules TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

3. Before powering up the base station, check that all power, RF and

system cables are connected correctly and securely at the rear of the

base station.

Important When refitting modules, make sure they are fitted correctly

into the subrack and all retaining clamps are securely

tightened. The recommended torque for the retaining

clamp screws is 17lbf·in (1.9N·m). As well as holding the

modules in place, the retaining clamps push the modules

hard against the rear rail of the subrack to ensure a good

ground connection between the modules and subrack.

lockedunlocked

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 91

8 Technical Description

8.1 Mechanical Assembly

This section illustrates the main mechanical components that comprise the

TB9100 base station. Figure 8.1 below shows the configuration for a typical

5W or 50W base station.

Note Figure 8.1 shows the cooling fans and their ducts detached from

the front panel only for the clarity of the illustration. The cooling

fans and ducts are normally screwed to the rear of the front panel.

Figure 8.1 Mechanical assembly - front panel, fans and control panel

bfront panel iairflow separator

cPMU fan jcable retaining clip

dPA fan 1) subrack

ePMU fan duct 1! reciter

fPA fan duct 1@ plastic guide rail

gPMU 1# module retaining clamp

hPA 1$ control panel

defghij

50W

ase stat

on s

own

92 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

The front panel can be easily removed from the subrack by undoing two

quick-release fasteners. Once the front panel is removed, the control panel

can also be removed from the subrack by undoing a single screw. Refer to

“Replacing Modules” on page 75 for more details.

The PMU occupies the slot at the left end of the subrack, with the PA

directly beside it. The reciter normally occupies the second slot from the

right of the subrack.

The PA is mounted vertically with the heatsink facing the center of the

subrack. This positions the cooling fins directly behind the PA fan. The

airflow separator is fitted directly beside the PA to help direct the cooling

airflow through the heatsink.

Note The configuration for 12V base stations is the same as shown in

Figure 8.1, but the PMU and its cooling fan are not fitted.

Figure 8.2 below shows the configuration for a typical 100 W base station.

Figure 8.2 Mechanical assembly - front of a 100W base station

bPMU fmodule retaining clamp

cPA gplastic guide rail

dairflow duct hsubrack

ereciter icable retaining clip

bcdef

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 93

The PMU occupies its normal slot at the left end of the subrack, with the

PA directly beside it. The reciter occupies the slot immediately to the right

of the PA. Unlike the 5W and 50W PAs, the 100W PA is mounted

horizontally with the heatsink facing upwards. It is also fitted with an airflow

duct to channel the airflow from the cooling fan through the heatsink fins.

8.2 Reciter Module Operation

The TB9100 reciter consists of an RF, a digital and a network board.

Figure 8.3 on page 96 shows the configuration of the main circuit blocks,

and the main inputs and outputs of the reciter.

Receiver RF -

VHF Reciter The incoming RF signal is fed through a low pass filter, then through a band

pass “doublet” filter, and finally through a high pass filter. The signal is then

amplified and passed through another band pass “doublet” filter before being

passed to the mixer, where it is converted down to the 16.9MHz IF

(intermediate frequency). A VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) provides a

+17dBm input to the mixer, and a diplexer terminates the mixer IF port in

50Ω.. The signal from the mixer is fed through a 2-pole crystal filter to the

IF amplifier which provides enough gain to drive the digital receiver. Note

that there are two 2-pole crystal filters, one for narrow bandwidth and one

for wide bandwidth. The appropriate filter is selected by software-controlled

PIN switches, according to the bandwidth selected in the CSS. The signal

is finally passed to the ADC (analog-to-digital converter) in the digital

receiver via an anti-alias filter.

Receiver RF -

UHF Reciter The incoming RF signal is fed through a band-pass filter, followed by a

simple low-pass network. It then passes through further stages of filtering,

amplification and AGC1 (automatic gain control) before being fed to the

mixer where it is converted down to the 70.1MHz IF (intermediate

frequency). A VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) provides a +17dBm

input to the mixer, and a diplexer terminates the mixer IF port in 50Ω.. The

signal from the mixer is fed through a 4-pole crystal filter to the IF amplifier

which provides enough gain to drive the digital receiver. The signal is finally

passed to the ADC (analog-to-digital converter) in the digital receiver via an

anti-alias filter.

Exciter Circuitry P25 digital or analog FM audio signals from the network, analog line or

microphone are fed to the exciter RF circuitry via the digital board DSP

(digital signal processor) and CODECs (encoder/decoder). These

modulating signals are applied to the exciter at two points (dual point

modulation): low frequency modulation is via the FCL (frequency control

loop), which modulates the exciter synthesizer’s frequency reference, and

speech band modulation is supplied directly to the VCO.

1. AGC is available in H-band reciters only. It can be disabled using the CSS.

94 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

The VCO is phase-locked to the frequency reference via the synthesizer.

The output from the VCO passes through the VCO buffer to the exciter

amplifier, which increases the RF signal to +20dBm. This signal is then

attenuated through a pad to +11dBm. An 8VDC PA Key signal is mixed in

with the RF signal which is then fed to the PA.

Digital Board The IF from the receiver RF circuitry is passed through an ADC and DDC

(digital down-converter) to the digital board DSP. Incoming audio from the

network, analog line or microphone is passed to the exciter RF circuitry via

the DSP and CODECs.

The main control elements on the digital board are the RISC processor and

the DSP. Communication between the two takes place via a host port

interface.

The digital board RISC is responsible for the following:

■initializing and supervising the digital board DSP

■controlling the Tx key, Rx gate and PA key

■monitoring the maintainer’s access via the control panel microphone.

The digital board DSP operates under the control of the RISC to provide a

number of functions, including:

■demodulating incoming FM signal and identifying whether it is P25

digital or analog FM

■modulating an RF signal from a P25 digital or analog FM signal received

from the network, analog line or microphone

■implementing the control panel interface: transmitting and receiving

speech samples to and from the network board DSP

■generating NAC, CTCSS and DCS

■generating the signal quality information RSSI and SINAD.

Network Board The network board provides the links between the digital circuitry and the

TaitNet digital network. This board is securely mounted to the reciter’s

chassis and is connected to the digital board by a 40-way flexible connector

and a PCB connector. The network board provides the base station with an

identity as a network element.

The network board has a DSP and a RISC processor. The RISC provides

the main control functions of the board. It communicates with the DSP via

a host port interface.

The network DSP provides a number of functions, including:

■performing forward error correction (FEC) encode/decode on P25

signal to/from the RF interface

■encoding P25 digital signals into IMBE speech packets

■encoding analog FM signals into G.711 speech packets

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 95

■carrying out the switching to send signals to the RF, analog and control

panel interfaces, based on the voting output.

The network RISC is responsible for the following:

■inserting header information into P25 signals originating from the

control panel and analog line

■performing the signal voting and switching

■inserting RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) frame information into

IMBE and G.711 speech packets

■transmitting and receiving RTP frames over the IP network.

Power Supply The reciter operates off a +28 VDC supply. The supply is fed to two separate

power supplies, one on the RF board and a second on the digital board. The

power supply on the RF board also powers some of the circuitry on the

network board.

The power supply on the RF board provides 5.3V and 8.5V regulated

supplies. This 5.3V supply is boosted to 23V and also provides a 3.3V

regulated supply. The power supply on the digital board provides 3.3V and

5.3V regulated supplies. It is also fed through to provide a 2.5V supply.

The network board requires the internal supply voltages of +6 V, +3.3 V,

+1.8 V and +1.6 V. These are all derived from the main +28 V supply rail:

■the +3.3 V and +1.8 V supplies are acquired from the +28 V supply using

a dual-phase switching converter

■the +1.6 V supply is acquired from the +3.3 V supply using an adjustable

output switching regulator

■the +6 V low current auxiliary supply is acquired from the +28 V supply

using a linear regulator.

Reciter Fan

Operation The reciter fan has a temperature sensor that reads the temperature on the

component side of the digital board.

The reciter fan will operate briefly at start up, after the PMU and PA fans.

This provides a simple diagnostic capability, and the ability to raise or clear

faults.

No configuration is necessary for the reciter fan, it has fixed on/off

thresholds:

■Fan on threshold: 57oC

■Fan off threshold: 46oC

A ‘fan failed’ alarm is raised when the reciter reaches a temperature of

72.5oC.

For monitoring purposes, the following information is displayed on the CSS

Monitor Reciter screen:

96 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

■Reciter temperature

■Fan on/off state

■Fan rotation state (the fan must have a 3-wire connection to detect

rotation, as well as power and ground)

Figure 8.3 Reciter high-level diagram

DSP

CODEC

40MHz

Clock

Receiver

Exciter

Synthesizer

Subsystem

Reference

Frequency

Subsystem

Digital

Receiver

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

RISC

DSP/RISC

13MHz

Clock

RISC

CODECs

12.8MHz

Ref.

RF I/P

28VDC I/P

28V28V

RF O/P +

PA Key

Audio

System

Control Bus

Digital

Receiver

Control &

Communications

Control &

Communications

Control &

Communications

Host Port

Interface

Host Port

Interface

Modulation

& Frequency

Control

Control &

Communications

External

Reference

Frequency

(if used)

RF Board Digital Board

Power

Supply

Network Board

3.3V

1.6V

1.8V

Digital I/Os & Audio/E&M Subsystem

DSP/RISC I/O Drivers & Memory

DSP

RISC

DSP

RISC

Audio/

E&M

Subsystem

Ethernet

Subsystem

RS-232

Subsystem

Digital

Line

RS-232 +

Digital I/O

Analog

Line

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 97

Signal Paths

The digital board’s DSP and RISC, and the network board’s DSP and RISC

carry out signal processing and provide audio paths from the four external

inputs to the voter(s) and from the voter(s) to the four external outputs.

Figure 8.4 shows the main circuit blocks involved.

Speech signals received at the base station interfaces are either already in

packet form, or will be converted into packet form before reaching the

voter. The packets have a different format depending on the base station’s

mode. When the base station is in digital P25 mode, speech is encoded as

IMBE packets. When the base station is in analog FM mode, speech is

encoded according to the G.711 standard.

The voter selects the winning speech packets and routes them according to

the destination ID stored in their header data.

Input Signal Paths

The following section describes the signal processing that takes place on the

signal path between each reciter interface and the voter.

From the RF

interface (Digital

P25)

Figure 8.5 shows the signal path from the RF interface to the voter(s) for a

digital P25 call.

Figure 8.4 Reciter block diagram

Packet

Switch

ADC ADC

ADC

Voter

P25

Modem

Mod/

Demod

IMBE

Enc/Dec

G.711

Enc/Dec

FM Audio

Process

RTP

Interface

Control Panel

Speaker/Microphone

Digital

Network

Analog Line

IMBE G.711

IMBE

IMBE/G.711 IMBE/G.711

Digital

Board DSP

Network

Board RISC

Network

Board DSP

IMBE

Dec*

Buffer Buffer

98 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

1. The RF signal is processed by the receiver circuitry on the RF board

and is passed to the ADC (analog-to-digital converter) in the digital

receiver.

2. The Modulator/Demodulator circuitry demodulates the RF signal.

3. The digital board DSP detects that the signal is digital P25 and passes

it on to the P25 modem.

4. The P25 modem extracts the digital bits from the received signal.

5. Error correction is carried out and the IMBE packets are passed

directly to the voter.

Figure 8.5 Path from receiver to voter (digital P25 mode)

Packet

Switch

ADC ADC

ADC

Voter

P25

Modem

Mod/

Demod

IMBE

Enc/Dec

G.711

Enc/Dec

FM Audio

Process

RTP

Interface

Control Panel

Speaker/Microphone

Digital

Network

Analog Line

IMBE G.711

IMBE

IMBE/G.711 IMBE/G.711

Digital

Board DSP

Network

Board RISC

Network

Board DSP

IMBE

Dec*

Buffer Buffer

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 99

From the RF

Interface (Analog

FM)

Figure 8.6 shows the signal path from the RF interface to the voter(s) for an

analog FM call.

An FM RF signal is processed as follows:

1. The RF signal is processed by the receiver circuitry on the RF board

and is passed to the ADC (analog-to-digital converter) in the digital

receiver via an anti-alias filter.

2. The Modulator/Demodulator circuitry demodulates the RF signal.

3. The digital board DSP does not detect any digital P25 RF signals and

so passes voice stream on to the audio circuitry for analog FM calls.

4. The Audio circuitry carries out the decoding of subaudible signals

(e.g. DCS, CTCSS).

5. The Audio circuitry adds header data to the signals and passes them

to the packet switch.

6. The packet switch switches the signals to the G.711 encoder.

7. The G.711 encoder turns the signals into G.711 speech packets and

passes them on to the voter.

From the Analog

Line The analog line can be used to make a call in digital P25 or in analog FM

mode. The current calling profile determines which type of call is made.

Figure 8.7 shows a call being received on the analog line when the calling

profile specifies digital P25 mode.

Figure 8.6 Path from receiver to voter (analog FM mode)

Packet

Switch

ADC ADC

ADC

Voter

P25

Modem

Mod/

Demod

IMBE

Enc/Dec

G.711

Enc/Dec

FM Audio

Process

RTP

Interface

Control Panel

Speaker/Microphone

Digital

Network

Analog Line

IMBE G.711

IMBE

IMBE/G.711 IMBE/G.711

Digital

Board DSP

Network

Board RISC

Network

Board DSP

IMBE

Dec*

Buffer Buffer

100 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

1. Audio speech from the dispatcher arrives at the analog interface.

2. The ADC converts the analog audio to a digital voice stream.

3. A buffer adjacent to the ADC collects the individual samples into

packets. Header data is added to the packets.

4. The packet switch routes the packets to the appropriate encoder; the

IMBE encoder for digital P25 packets or the G.711 encoder for

analog FM packets.

5. The encoder passes the packets to the voter.

Figure 8.7 Path from analog line to voter (digital P25 mode)

Packet

Switch

ADC ADC

ADC

Voter

P25

Modem

Mod/

Demod

IMBE

Enc/Dec

G.711

Enc/Dec

FM Audio

Process

RTP

Interface

Control Panel

Speaker/Microphone

Digital

Network

Analog Line

IMBE G.711

IMBE IMBE/G.711 IMBE/G.711

Digital

Board DSP

Network

Board RISC

Network

Board DSP

IMBE

Dec*

Buffer Buffer

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 101

From the Digital

Line The digital line can receive calls that were made in digital P25 or analog FM

mode. Digital P25 calls arrive in IMBE format. Analog FM calls arrive in

G.711 format.

Figure 8.8 shows a call being received on the digital line.

1. Speech packets arrive from the network in either IMBE or G.711 for-

mat.

2. The RTP frame information is extracted and the speech packets are

passed directly to the voter.

From the Control

Panel Microphone The control panel microphone can be used to make a call in either P25

digital or analog FM mode. Refer to “Microphone Operation” on page 68

for details of how to set the mode for a control panel transmission. Calls

made from the control panel participate in the base station voting.

The signal path (not illustrated) is similar to the path for the analog line.

1. The ADC at the control panel interface converts audio speech sam-

ples to digital samples. A buffer adjacent to the ADC collects the indi-

vidual digital samples into packets. Header data is added.

2. The packet switch routes the packets to the appropriate encoder; the

IMBE encoder for digital P25 packets or the G.711 encoder for

analog FM packets.

3. The encoder passes the packets to the voter.

Figure 8.8 Path from digital line to voter

Packet

Switch

ADC ADC

ADC

Voter

P25

Modem

Mod/

Demod

IMBE

Enc/Dec

G.711

Enc/Dec

FM Audio

Process

RTP

Interface

Control Panel

Speaker/Microphone

Digital

Network

Analog Line

IMBE G.711

IMBE

IMBE/G.711 IMBE/G.711

Digital

Board DSP

Network

Board RISC

Network

Board DSP

IMBE

Dec*

Buffer Buffer

102 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Output Paths

The following sections describe how the output paths from the voter to the

four reciter interfaces process their signals.

To the Transmitter

(Digital P25) Figure 8.9 shows the signal path from the voter to the RF interface for a

digital P25 call.

The winning signal is processed as follows.

1. The voter switches the signal to the P25 modem.

2. The P25 modem adds forward error correction to the IMBE packets.

3. The Modulator/Demodulator circuitry converts the audio frequency

to the required RF frequency (VHF or UHF).

Figure 8.9 Path from voter to transmitter (digital P25 mode)

Packet

Switch

ADC ADC

ADC

Voter

P25

Modem

Mod/

Demod

IMBE

Enc/Dec

G.711

Enc/Dec

FM Audio

Process

RTP

Interface

Control Panel

Speaker/Microphone

Digital

Network

Analog Line

IMBE G.711

IMBE IMBE/G.711 IMBE/G.711

Digital

Board DSP

Network

Board RISC

Network

Board DSP

IMBE

Dec*

Buffer Buffer

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 103

To the Transmitter

(Analog FM) Figure 8.10 shows the signal path from the voter to the RF interface for an

analog FM call.

The winning signal is processed as follows.

1. The voter passes the signal to the G.711 encoder/decoder, which

decodes the G.711 packets and passes them to the packet switch.

2. The packet switch switches the signals to the audio circuitry for

analog FM calls, which encodes any subaudible signaling (e.g. DCS,

CTCSS).

3. The Modulator/Demodulator circuitry converts the audio frequency

to the required RF frequency (VHF or UHF).

4. The ADC turns the sampled bitstream into the analog signal that is

sent to the exciter.

To the Analog Line The signal processing on the audio path from the voter to the analog line

(not illustrated) is as follows:

1. The voter switches the winning packets to the appropriate decoder

(IMBE encoder for digital P25 packets or the G.711 encoder for ana-

log FM packets).

2. The packet switch routes the resultant digital voice stream to the

ADC for the analog line.

3. The ADC converts the digital voice stream to analog audio, which is

put on the analog line.

Figure 8.10 Path from voter to transmitter (analog FM mode)

Packet

Switch

ADC ADC

ADC

Voter

P25

Modem

Mod/

Demod

IMBE

Enc/Dec

G.711

Enc/Dec

FM Audio

Process

RTP

Interface

Control Panel

Speaker/Microphone

Digital

Network

Analog Line

IMBE G.711

IMBE IMBE/G.711 IMBE/G.711

Digital

Board DSP

Network

Board RISC

Network

Board DSP

IMBE

Dec*

Buffer Buffer

104 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

To the Digital Line The signal processing on the audio path from the voter to the digital line

(not illustrated) is as follows:

1. The voter switches the winning packets to the RTP processing cir-

cuitry.

2. This circuitry adds RTP frame information to the speech packets and

then puts them on the digital line.

To the Speaker

(Monitoring the

Receiver)

The control panel speaker can be used to monitor the received RF signal

(see “Speaker Operation” on page 67), bypassing the voter. If the call is

analog FM, the packet switch routes the incoming signal directly to the

speaker. If the call is digital P25 (see Figure 8.11), the P25 modem output is

passed through an IMBE decoder (shown with a *).

To the Speaker

(Vote Winner Mode) The control panel speaker can be used to monitor the voter output (see

“Speaker Operation” on page 67). In this case, the signal path (not

illustrated) is as follows:

1. The voter sends the output to the appropriate decoder.

2. The decoder sends its output via the packet switch to the control

panel speaker.

Figure 8.11 Path when monitoring receiver (digital P25 mode)

Packet

Switch

ADC ADC

ADC

Voter

P25

Modem

Mod/

Demod

IMBE

Enc/Dec

G.711

Enc/Dec

FM Audio

Process

RTP

Interface

Control Panel

Speaker/Microphone

Digital

Network

Analog Line

IMBE G.711

IMBE

IMBE/G.711 IMBE/G.711

Digital

Board DSP

Network

Board RISC

Network

Board DSP

IMBE

Dec*

Buffer Buffer

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 105

Voting

The base stations and gateways in one channel group act in concert to

transmit the same conversation. The channel group participants vote

amongst incoming streams to select the best outgoing stream. Thus, the

channel group participants select which terminal, line interface or control

panel microphone shall be sent to the channel group.

The channel group can operate in simplex or duplex modes. This mode is

distinct from (but related to) the RF simplex/duplex mode.

Simplex mode The simplex channel group has a single voter at each channel group

member, which selects one stream from all possible sources, and sends it to

all output interfaces. The vote winner could be a terminal speaker, or a line

interface speaker (dispatcher).

Duplex mode The duplex channel group allows two directions of speech flow

simultaneously. Channel group members vote incoming RF streams and

select one vote winner. The channel group members send this inbound

stream to all line interfaces and control panel speakers (if so enabled). At the

same time, in each channel group member, a separate voter selects one voice

stream from the line interfaces (and control panels), and the outbound

stream is sent to all RF interfaces. Like the simplex voter, there are duplex

voters at each channel group member.

Both simplex and duplex channel groups can repeat the RF, or not.

■All of the channel group voters act in unison, and reach the same

decision

■The voters choose the stream based on a set of priorities: originating

interface, arrival order, flow type (analog or digital), signal quality, and

network location

■If the base stations share the same receiver frequency, the channel group

members periodically re-vote, to give preference to the best quality (RF)

frequency

■If the channel group base stations have their repeaters enabled, the base

stations in the channel group act as a wide area repeater

■The channel group supports line interfaces at more than one base station:

voice streams from different line interfaces are prioritized by IP address

■Control of channel group mode is by means of configuration, or tone

remote/task manager

106 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Switching and Voting Priorities

Run mode Run mode switching is defined by the following table.

The switching rules are explained as follows:

1. Higher priority streams are listed earlier in the table. Higher priority streams will be

voted in preference to lower priority streams.

2. If the channel group mode is duplex, the base station selects a single inbound source,

and a single outbound source, and sends them to the interfaces as defined in the ta-

ble.

■Outbound streams are sent to the local RF interface

■Outbound streams are also sent to the local speaker in simplex mode

■Inbound streams are sent to the analog line and speaker

■Inbound streams are also sent to the RF if RF repeat is enabled

3. RF transmitter operation depends on whether repeater transmission is enabled or dis-

abled.

4. Maintainers may put the speaker into RF monitor mode using the control panel. The

behavior of the microphone is independent of the speaker monitor setting.

5. Only streams that originate locally are sent to the channel group (IP network)

6. “Simplex” in the table means that this switching path will occur only if the channel

group is set to simplex. Simplex channel group mode selects the highest priority (ear-

liest in table) stream, and sends it to all the local interfaces.

7. “Repeat” in the table means that this switching path will occur only if RF repeat is

enabled. This may be via configuration or task manager.

Table 8.1 Base station voice switching and voting priority order: run mode

Input Source1Direction

(duplex)2RF Tx3Speaker4Analog Line IP5

Microphone Network - lower IP address outbound Yes Simplex6Simplex No

Microphone Local outbound Yes No Simplex Yes

Microphone Network - higher IP address outbound Yes Simplex Simplex No

Analog line Network - lower IP address outbound Yes Simplex Simplex No

Analog line Local outbound Yes Simplex No Yes

Analog line Network - higher IP address outbound Yes Simplex Simplex No

P25 terminal Network - higher quality inbound Repeat7Yes Yes No

P25 terminal Local inbound Repeat Yes Yes Yes

P25 terminal Network - lower quality inbound Repeat Yes Yes No

Analog terminal Network - higher quality inbound Repeat Yes Yes No

Analog terminal Local inbound Repeat Yes Yes Yes

Analog terminal Network - lower quality inbound Repeat Yes Yes No

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 107

Standby mode In standby mode, the IP network is ignored. The microphone and speaker

operate as in run mode, but terminals and dispatchers cannot talk.

The following table is interpreted in the same way as Table 8.1.

The switching rules are explained as follows:

1. No streams are sent to the channel group (IP network), or received from the channel

group.

2. The microphone and speaker can talk to the RF interface in channel group simplex

and duplex modes.

3. The microphone and speaker can talk to the analog line interface in channel group

simplex mode.

4. The analog line and RF interfaces cannot talk or listen to each other.

Signaling messages

Signaling messages are switched in sequence with voice streams. That is, if a

signaling message precedes an FM or P25 transmission, the sequence of

transmission is preserved at all interfaces.

The voting rules for switching messages are the same as the switching rules

for a P25 terminal or line originated stream.

Table 8.2 Base station voice switching and voting priority order: standby mode

Input Source Direction

(duplex) RF Tx Speaker Analog Line IP1

Microphone Network - lower IP address outbound No No No No

Microphone Local outbound Yes2No Simplex3No

Microphone Network - higher IP address outbound No No No No

Analog line Network - lower IP address outbound No4No No No

Analog line Local outbound No4Simplex No No

Analog line Network - higher IP address outbound No4No No No

P25 terminal Network - higher quality inbound No Yes No No

P25 terminal Local inbound No Yes No No

P25 terminal Network - lower quality inbound No Yes No No

Analog terminal Network - higher quality inbound No Yes No No

Analog terminal Local inbound No Yes No No

Analog terminal Network - lower quality inbound No Yes No No

108 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Re-voting

If base stations are configured for a common input frequency, multiple base

stations can receive the same terminal stream. If the receiver fades at the vote

winner, another base station may have a better signal, and should take over.

With a common frequency, multiple base stations will often start calls at

approximately the same time, however, the normal voting rules will select

the best stream.

Re-voting takes place every 180 ms, when all base stations select the best

stream available, and transmit it until the next re-vote. If the winning

receiver loses its signal entirely, it sends a fade message instead of the header

at the next re-vote. The fade message is an announcement that the base

station has lost the vote. All base stations receiving RF signal immediately

re-vote when they receive a fade message.

When voting, the voter sequences the packets from the voted streams so that

proper packet ordering is preserved. In particular, re-voting is transparent to

encryption.

Re-voting will not work if the cross-network delay is greater than 180 ms.

It is no longer possible to guarantee that all base stations are voting the same

signal.

Shared receiver frequency operation and repeater disable both increase the

network bandwidth requirements. With shared frequency, for the jitter

buffer to work properly, it needs to be set to the network delay plus the

network jitter allowance.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 109

8.3 PA Module Operation

The TB9100 PA is a modular design with the circuitry divided among

separate boards which are assembled in different configurations in different

models. Interconnect boards are used in certain models to connect boards

that are physically separated on the heatsink. The 5, 50 and 100W PAs are

available for operation on 28VDC, while the 5 and 50W PAs are also

available for operation on 12VDC.

Figure 8.12 on page 111 shows the configurations of a 100W 28V PA and a

50W 12V PA, along with the main inputs and outputs for power, RF and

control signals.

RF Circuitry The RF output from the reciter is fed first to the 6W driver board. In the

100W model the output from the 6W driver board is fed into a –3dB

hybrid coupler on a separate splitter board and then to two 60W final boards

in quadrature. The outputs from these two boards are then combined by

another –3dB hybrid coupler on a separate combiner board before being fed

to the low-pass filter (LPF)/directional coupler board.

In the 50W model, the output from the 6W driver board is fed to one 60W

final board and then to the LPF/directional coupler board. In the 5W

model, the output from the 6W driver board is fed directly to the LPF/

directional coupler board.

Control Circuitry The microprocessor located on the control board monitors and controls the

operation of the PA. There are no manual adjustments in the PA because all

the calibration voltages and currents required to control and protect the PA

are monitored by the microprocessor. The software also automatically

detects the PA configuration and controls the PA accordingly.

If any of the monitored conditions exceeds its normal range of values, the

microprocessor will generate an alarm and reduce the output power to a

preset level (foldback). If the measured values do not return within the

normal range after foldback, the PA will be shut down.

The alarms and diagnostic functions are accessed through I2C bus messages

on the system control bus via the reciter, control panel and CSS. Some

measurements are logged by the microprocessor and this information can

also be accessed through the system control bus.

The operation of the cooling fan mounted on the front panel is determined

by the temperature limits set in the PA software.

Power Supply The 100W PA operates off a 28VDC external power supply only, while the

5 and 50W PAs can operate off a 28VDC or 12VDC external power supply,

depending on the model. The 12V PAs are fitted with an internal boost

regulator board (refer to “Boost Regulator” below).

110 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

The PA also has four internal power supplies located on the control board

which produce –3, +2.5, +5 and +10VDC.

Boost Regulator 5 and 50W 12V PAs are fitted with a boost regulator board. Figure 8.12 on

page 111 shows the configuration for a 50W 12V PA, along with the main

inputs and outputs for power, RF and control signals. Note that the 60W

board is only fitted to the 50W PA.

The boost regulator board accepts an input of 12VDC nominal. The input

is firstly fed through the DC input filter, and then through an output filter

and switch which is controlled by a battery control circuit. This output is

fed to the reciter, which operates from 12VDC instead of the standard

28VDC provided when a PMU is used. The output from the DC input

filter is also fed to the power stage where the voltage is boosted to 28VDC,

and is then fed through an output filter to provide the 28VDC output for

the PA circuit boards.

The battery control circuitry monitors the DC input voltage from the

battery. Protection is provided against the wrong input voltage being

supplied. Reverse polarity protection is provided by a diode between

positive and ground, and requires a user-provided fuse or circuit breaker in

series with the DC input line. The fuse or circuit breaker should be rated at

15A to 18A at 30VDC.

The startup voltage is 12VDC or higher. Once started, the boost regulator

will operate down to 10.25VDC +0.25V before it shuts down to prevent

deep discharge of the battery.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 111

Figure 8.12 PA high-level block diagrams

Board

Control Board

60W

Board

60W

Board

Ambient Air

Temperature

Sensor

Board

Splitter

Board

Combiner

Board

Low-Pass

Filter

Directional

Coupler

Board

RF I/P +

PA Key RF O/P

28VDC

I/P

RF RF RF RF

RF RF

Control &

Monitor

Control &

Monitor

Control &

Monitor

System

Control

Bus

100W 28V PA

Board

Control Board

Boost Regulator

60W

Board

Ambient Air

Temperature

Sensor

Board

Low-Pass

Filter

Directional

Coupler

Board

RF I/P +

PA Key RF O/P

12VDC

I/P

12VDC O/P

(Reciter)

28VDC28VDC

RF RF

Control &

Monitor

Control &

Monitor

Control &

Monitor

System

Control

Bus

50W 12V PA

112 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

8.4 PMU Module Operation

The PMU is available in three main configurations:

■AC PMU (AC input only)

■DC PMU (DC input only)

■AC and DC PMU (both AC and DC converters are fitted to allow both

AC and DC inputs).

Figure 8.13 shows the configurations for an AC and DC PMU, along with

the main inputs and outputs for power and control signals.

AC Module The AC module accepts an input of 115/230VAC 50/60Hz nominal. The

input is fed via the PFC (power factor control) input stage to the HVDC

(high voltage DC) stage on the AC converter board. The HVDC circuitry

generates the final 28VDC outputs and provides galvanic isolation between

the mains input and DC output. The output stage on the AC converter

board provides a common output filter and current monitoring circuit

which is used by both AC and DC modules.

Each power stage is controlled by its own plug-in control card. The

microprocessor is also located on the HVDC control card. The

microprocessor is used by both the AC and DC modules and is fitted to all

PMU models.

The leaded high-power components are situated on the AC converter

board, while the plug-in cards have only SMD control components.

DC Module The DC module accepts an input of 12, 24 or 48VDC nominal. The input

is fed through the DC input filter to the input of the power stage on the DC

converter board. This circuitry provides PWM (pulse width modulation)

conversion to produce the final DC output. It also provides galvanic

isolation, allowing the DC input to be positive or negative ground. The final

DC output is fed back to the output stage on the AC convertor board.

The battery control card monitors the DC input voltage and prevents the

PMU from starting if an incorrect input voltage is applied. It also operates

as a fail-safe to prevent deep discharge of the battery, and provides

information to the microprocessor to allow the CSS to display information

about the battery.

The DC control card controls the power stage of the DC converter. It also

provides protection from overload and short circuit conditions.

The leaded high-power components are situated on the DC converter

board, while the plug-in cards have only SMD control components.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 113

Standby Power

Supply This optional power supply card plugs into the DC converter board and

provides power to the reciter output. This allows the main DC unit to be

switched off to reduce current consumption in low-power situations,

e.g. when the PA is not transmitting.

Also, when battery capacity is low, it will maintain the power supply to the

microprocessor and shut down the rest of the PMU. Refer to “Power

Management” on page 17 for further details.

Figure 8.13 PMU high-level diagram

PFC

Circuitry

PFC

Control

Card

DC Input

Filter

Card

Control

Card

Auxiliary

Power Supply

Board*

Battery

Control

Card

Standby

Power Supply

Card*

HVDC Control &

Microprocessor

Card

HVDC Circuitry

DC Converter Board

28V

28V O/P (PA)

System

Control Bus

28V O/P (Reciter)

AC I/P

115/230V

50/60Hz 400VDC

DC I/P

12/24/48V

28V

DC O/P

13.65/27.3/54.6V

*optional

AC Converter Board

AC Module

DC Module

114 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Auxiliary Power

Supply This optional power supply board is mounted on the DC module. The input

power is provided from the PA output of the HVDC circuitry on the AC

converter board. It provides a high quality 13.65VDC, 27.3VDC or

54.6VDC output (depending on the model) to power external accessory

equipment, or can be used to trickle-charge batteries. It can be configured

using the CSS to operate whenever mains voltage is available, or whenever

the PA output is available.

Note While the auxiliary power output can be used for more than one

purpose at once, this is generally not recommended. It can result

in a short-circuit and equipment damage. The output is floating.

If it is connected to a negatively earthed battery and to positively

earthed auxiliary equipment, it will short-circuit.

Microprocessor The microprocessor on the HVDC control card monitors and controls the

operation of the PMU. There are no manual adjustments in the PMU

because all the calibration voltages and currents required to control and

protect the PMU are monitored by the microprocessor. The software also

automatically detects the PMU configuration and controls the PMU

accordingly.

If any of the monitored conditions exceeds its normal range of values, the

microprocessor will generate an alarm and take appropriate action,

depending on the configuration of the PMU.

The alarms and diagnostic functions are accessed through I2C bus messages

on the system control bus via the reciter, control panel and CSS.

The operation of the cooling fan mounted on the front panel is determined

by the temperature limits set in the PMU software.

Important In base station systems that use a PMU, the PMU must be

connected to the system control bus at all times. The I2C

current source is located in the PMU, and if the PMU is

disconnected, the state of much of the bus will be unde-

fined. This may cause corrupted data to be present on the

bus when the reciter reads the states of the switches on the

control panel. This in turn may result in random actuations

of microphone PTT, and carrier or speaker key, causing the

base station to transmit, or the speaker to be actuated,

incorrectly.

Indicator LEDs The indicator LEDs on the front panel are used to indicate the state of the

PMU and its microprocessor. There are two LEDs, one red and one green.

Each LED can be on, off, or flashing at two rates (fast or slow). The state of

these LEDs can indicate a number of operating modes or fault conditions,

as described in Table 8.3 on page 115.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 115

PMU Operation on DC Input

The operation of the PMU on DC input is controlled by three sets of

parameters:

■user-programmable alarms

■user-programmable startup and shutdown limits

■battery protection limits

The voltage range for each of these parameters is provided in Table 8.4 on

page 117. Figure 8.14 on page 116 illustrates how these parameters interact,

and how they control the operation of the PMU over a range of DC input

voltages.

Alarms User-programmable alarms can be set for low or high battery voltage. The

alarms will be triggered when the set voltage levels are reached.

Table 8.3 PMU 1ndicator LED states

Green Red PMU condition

off off power off (input above or below safe operating range)

flashing (3 Hz) off no application firmware loaded; use the CSS to download the

firmware

on off the microprocessor is operating; no alarm detected

on flashing (3 Hz) one or more alarm conditions indicated:

■output is overvoltage

■output is undervoltage

■output is current-limiting

■overtemperature

■mains failure

■battery voltage is low

■battery voltage is high

■shutdown is imminent

■DC converter is faulty

■battery is faulty, or DC converter is switched off

■auxiliary power supply is faulty

■PMU is not calibrated

■self-test has failed

■PMU is not configured

flashing (on 300ms,

off 2700ms)

flashing (on 300ms,

off 2700ms)

PMU is in battery protection mode

flashing (on 300ms,

off 4700ms)

flashing (on 300ms,

off 4700ms)

PMU is in Deep Sleep mode

flashing (3 Hz) flashing (3 Hz) CSS LED test - LEDs flash alternately

116 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Figure 8.14 PMU alarm thresholds and voltage limits when operating on DC

Time

DC Input Voltage

Overvoltage Shutdown (HW)

Undervoltage Shutdown (HW)

Overvoltage Shutdown Reset (HW)

High Battery Voltage Alarm (SW Alarm)

Low Battery Voltage Alarm (SW Alarm)

Startup Voltage (SW)

Shutdown Voltage (SW)

Startup Voltage (HW)

Run

Stop

Active

Off

Software Control &

Hardware Combined

Hardware Behaviour

Software Alarm

(Low Battery Voltage)

Software Alarm

(High Battery Voltage)

30s delay 30s delay 30s delay

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 117

Startup and

Shutdown Limits The user-programmable startup and shutdown limits allow for adjustable

startup and shutdown voltages. These limits can be adjusted for different

numbers of battery cells, or for the particular requirements of the base

station operation. Once the limits are reached, the PMU will shut down.

Battery Protection

Limits The battery protection limits are set in hardware at the factory, and cannot

be adjusted by the user. These limits will not be reached under normal

operation conditions, but are provided as “fail-safe” measures to protect the

battery from deep discharge. They also remove the need for low-voltage

disconnect modules.

a. The information in this table is extracted from the TB9100 Specifications Manual. Re-

fer to the latest issue of this manual (MBA-00014-xx) for the most up-to-date and

complete PMU specifications.

b. Using the CSS

c. Only available if the standby power supply card is fitted.

Table 8.4 PMU DC voltage limitsa

Parameter

Voltage Range

12V PMU 24V PMU 48V PMU

User-programmable Alarmsb

Low Battery Voltage

High Battery Voltage

10V to 14V

14V to 17.5V

20V to 28V

28V to 35V

40V to 56V

56V to 70V

User-programmable Limitsbc

Startup Voltage (after shutdown)

Shutdown Voltage

12V to 15V

10V to 13.5V

23.9V to 30V

20V to 27V

47.8V to 60V

40V to 54V

Battery Protection (Fail-safe) Limits

Startup Voltage

Undervoltage Shutdown

Overvoltage Shutdown

Overvoltage Shutdown Reset

11.7V +0.3V

9.5V +0.3V

18.1V +0.3V

17.1V +0.3V

23.4V +0.5V

19V +0.5V

36.2V +0.5V

34.2V +0.5V

46.8V +1V

38V +1V

72.4V +1V

68.4V +1V

118 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

8.5 Control Panel

The control panel is designed to be the link between the user and the

TB9100 base station. The circuitry for the operation of the control panel is

located on a board mounted behind its front face. All communication

between the base station and the control panel is via the system control bus.

Figure 8.15 shows the configuration of the main circuit blocks, and the main

inputs and outputs for power, audio and control signals.

Control Circuitry The control panel board translates:

■I2C messages from the reciter into an appropriate response on the LEDs

■control panel key inputs and fan rotation inputs from both fans into

appropriate I2C messages.

Audio Circuitry The control panel provides a volume knob to control the volume of the

speaker. In addition, the control panel circuitry performs gain control so that

the power output into a 16Ω speaker is ≥0.5W at the maximum position of

the knob, with an input of 167mVpp.

Power Supply The control panel operates off a 28V (nominal) power supply provided by

the reciter. The power supply for the cooling fans mounted on the front

panel is fed through the control panel.

Figure 8.15 Control panel high-level diagram

Translation

Microphone

Pre-emphasis

& Gain Control

Speaker

Volume &

Gain Control

LEDs &

Switches

Control

Panel

Microphone

Connector

Speaker

Fan Inputs

Power

Supply

Microphone Audio

System

Control Bus

Speaker

Enable

Speaker Audio

I C Bus

28V, GND

Fan Power & GND

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 119

8.6 System Control Bus

The system control bus provides the following physical paths:

■I2C communications between modules

■RS-232 communications between the reciter and Calibration Software

■fan power from the PA and PMU

■speaker and microphone signals to and from the control panel

■power connections for the control panel.

The system control bus has been designed so that, if a major fault occurs on

the bus, the basic operation of the base station is unaffected, but some

features will not operate correctly. For example, if the PA is disconnected

from the bus:

■the ‘PA not detected’ alarm is generated in the reciter; however,

transmission still takes place because the transmit RF and key signals are

transmitted from the reciter to the PA via the interconnecting coaxial

cable

■the PA is unable to turn on its fan. Depending on the ambient

temperature at the site and the transmit duty cycle, this could allow the

PA to heat up to the point where it reaches the upper temperature

threshold. At this point it will begin power foldback, protecting the

equipment from damage.

The PMU behaves in a similar way to the PA.

The system control bus has been designed to operate only within the

TB9100 subrack. It has not been designed for use outside the subrack or to

interconnect two subracks.

I2C Signals The TB9100 base station uses the I2C bus and a proprietary software

protocol to provide communications between any modules connected to the

bus. Typically this involves the reciter assuming ‘server’ status, and PA and

PMU ‘client’ status. The reciter co-ordinates the entire subrack operation,

reading from and writing to all modules, including the control panel. The

I2C bus allows the reciter to perform the following functions:

■monitoring (e.g. operating status, module details, operating temperatures

etc.)

■diagnostics (execution of tests to confirm correct operation)

■firmware upgrades

■configuration (of operational parameters).

The I2C current source is located in the PMU so that the TB9100 base

station can operate with the control panel removed. However, the PMU

must be powered up to enable the I2C communications to operate. Base

stations which use the 12V PA do not require a PMU, and in this case the

I2C current source is located on the base station subrack interconnect board.

120 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

RS-232 Signals Calibration Software serial communications occur directly between the

connected computer (or modem) and the reciter over the RS-232 serial

lines. When the connected computer needs to communicate with the PA,

PMU or control panel, the reciter routes the RS-232 data stream to the I2C

bus. Only reciters use the RS-232 interface.

Because RS-232 is a peer-to-peer physical interface, the control panel

converts RS-232 to open collector logic. Open collector logic allows the

control panel to communicate with the reciter. This same logic level

conversion is also performed in the Calibration Test Unit when the control

bus interface is connected directly to the reciter.

Fan Signals The power and ground signals for the PA and PMU fans are routed from the

modules to the front panel (via the control panel) along the system control

bus. These signals are electrically isolated from all other system signals to

ensure fan noise is not transferred to other sensitive system components.

Although the PA and PMU modules provide the power and ground for their

respective fans, the fan rotation detection is performed in the control panel.

The result is then read and processed by the reciter via the I2C interface.

The PA and PMU do not know if their fan has been correctly enabled,

however, if there is a fault in the fan circuitry, each module is protected from

overheating by its internal foldback circuitry.

Speaker Signal Received audio can be sent from the reciter to the control panel. This

function is controlled by the speaker button on the control panel. The audio

signal is then amplified and passed to the control panel speaker for

monitoring purposes. The audio output impedance of the reciter is fixed at

approximately 2k Ω.

Microphone Signal When you press the microphone PTT button, the reciter enables the

transmitter and connects the audio signal from the microphone input to the

modulator. The microphone PTT signal is read via the control panel using

the I2C bus and this then enables the transmitter. Note that the PTT

response times are slower than the response times for the Channel Seize

input from the analog interface.

Power and Ground The PMU provides power to the control panel via the reciter. The reciter

has a series diode to ‘diode OR’ the power to the control panel, but not to

backpower a reciter that does not have a power cable connected.

Pin Allocations The subrack interconnect board at the front of the TB9100 subrack provides

a parallel interconnection between all connectors on the board.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Technical Description 121

The following table gives the pin allocations for the IDC connectors to the

reciter, PA and PMU, and for the D-range connector to the control panel.

Signal Reciter, PA & PMU

IDC Pin

Control Panel

D-range Pin

I2C interrupt (not used) 1 8

I2C data 2 15

ground (I2C) 3 no connection

I2C clock 4 7

+28V (control panel power) 5 14

RS-232 Tx data 6 6

ground (control panel power) 7 13

RS-232 Rx data 8 5

ground (analog) 9 12

control panel speaker 10 4

control panel microphone 11 11

PSU back-up (not used) 12 3

+24V switched (PA fan) 13 2

ground (PA fan) 14 10

+24V switched (PMU fan) 15 9

ground (PMU fan) 16 1

122 Technical Description TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Appendix A – Interface Pin Assignments 123

Appendix A – Interface Pin Assignments

Serial Interface Connection

The pin allocations for the serial interface connection are given in the

following table.

Analog Interface Connection

Pin Description

1 general purpose output/

digital input 4/

antenna relay

2 transmit data output

3 receive data input

4 digital input 0

5 ground

6 digital input 1

7 digital input 2

8 digital input 3

9 digital output/

RSSIa

a. The function of Pin 9 of the DB9 connector of the network board is configurable be-

tween programmable digital output 0 and RSSI output (selected by configuration). If

RSSI output, the range of received signal is configurable between -130 dBm and -60

dBm. The DC output characteristic lies between the fixed points of 0.5 V and 4.5 V.

cdef

front view

Pin Description

1 E & M signaling input

2 E & M signaling input

3 audio output

4 audio output

5audio input

6audio input

7 E & M signaling output

8 E & M signaling output

12345678

front view

124 Appendix A – Interface Pin Assignments TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Digital Interface Connection

PMU Auxiliary DC Output

The pin allocations for the auxiliary DC output on the PMU are given in

the following table.

DC Input to 12V PA

The pin allocations for the 2-way DC input connector are shown below.

Pin Description

1 transmit output

2 transmit output

3receive input

4 not connected

5 not connected

6receive input

7 not connected

8 not connected

12345678

front view

Pin Description

1 +V output

2ground

2-pin connector - rear view

Pin Description

1 +V output

2ground

2-pin connector - rear view

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Appendix A – Interface Pin Assignments 125

Microphone Connection

The pin allocations for the microphone socket are given in the following

table.

Pin Description

1not connected

2not connected

3not connected

4PTT

5 voice band (microphone) input

6 microphone ground

7not connected

8not connected

12345678

front view

126 Appendix A – Interface Pin Assignments TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections 127

Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections

5 or 50W Base Station

The connections between modules at the front of a 5 or 50W base station

are shown below.

5 or 50W base station internal connections

b28VDC high current output for PA f28VDC high current input cable from PMU

c28VDC low current output for reciter gRF output to PA

dsystem control bus h28VDC low current input from PMU

eRF input from reciter iDC output for reciter fan

bc gh

iefd

PAPMU reciter

128 Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

100W Base Station

The connections between modules at the front of a 100W base station are

shown below.

Important The PMU must be connected to the system control bus at

all times. The terminating circuitry for the bus is located in

the PMU, and if the PMU is disconnected, the state of

much of the bus will be undefined. This may cause

corrupted data to be present on the bus when the reciter

reads the states of the switches on the control panel. This in

turn may result in random actuations of microphone PTT,

carrier, or speaker key, causing the base station to transmit

or the speaker to be actuated incorrectly.

100W base station internal connections

b28VDC high current output for PA fsystem control bus

c28VDC low current output for reciter (obscured) gDC output for reciter fan

dRF output to PA h28VDC high current input cable from PMU

e28VDC low current input from PMU iRF input from reciter

bc de

PA reciter

PMU

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections 129

12V PA Base Station

The connections between modules at the front of a 12V PA base station are

shown below.

12V PA base station internal connections

bsystem control bus e12VDC input from PA

cRF input from reciter fDC output for reciter fan

dRF output to PA

12V PA reciter

130 Appendix B – Inter-Module Connections TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Glossary131

Glossary

This glossary contains an alphabetical list of terms and

abbreviations related to the TB9100 base station.

administrator A special type of access to CSS functions, used for activities such

as changing passwords.

ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter. A device for converting an analog

signal to a digital signal that represents the same information.

AGC Automatic Gain Control. A device that optimizes signal level.

Alarm Center Alarm Center is the Tait name for a utility that receives, stores,

and displays syslog messages from elements in the TaitNet P25

network.

analog FM mode A mode of operation in which the RF interface transmits and

receives analog FM signal. The digital line sends and receives the

analog signal as G. 711 speech packets.

analog valid Analog valid is a signal that indicates that the base station is

presenting a valid output on the analog line. This output can

originate from an analog FM or from a digital P25 call. The M-

line carries the analog valid signal.

ANI Automatic Number Identification. A service that provides the

receiver of a call the number of the caller.

APCO The Association of Public Safety Communications Officials in

the United States. The APCO Project 25 standards committee

defined a digital radio standard. The standard is often referred to

as APCO or P25.

132Glossary TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

Base station In general, a radio receiver and transmitter that is located in a

specific place (at a site) that allows portable and mobile radio

terminals to communicate over a larger range. Specifically, Tait

TB9100 equipment in a subrack.

BCD BCD (binary coded decimal) is a code in which a string of four

binary digits represents a decimal number.

BER Bit Error Rate. A measure of the quality of digital transmission,

expressed as a percentage. The BER indicates the proportion of

errors in a transmission.

C4FM Compatible Four-level Frequency Modulation. A modulation

scheme defined in the CAI standard for 12.5 kHz bandwidth.

CAI Common Air Interface. The over-the-air data formats and

protocols defined by the APCO P25 committee.

Calibration

Software The TB9100 Calibration Software is a utility for defining the

switching ranges of the receiver and the exciter and for flattening

the receiver response across its switching range. It can also be

used to calibrate TB9100 modules.

call A complete exchange of information between two or more

parties. A call requires a receive signal path and a transmit signal

path. In trunked systems, a call is a conversation, made up of a

number of overs, but in conventional systems, a call is an over.

calling profile A group of configuration settings that defines the properties of

the TB9100 analog line, which can be regarded as equivalent to

a radio on the network.

channel A channel is:

1. A path through which signals can flow.

2. In the RF domain, a frequency pair (or just a single frequency

in a simplex system).

3. A set of configuration information that defines the frequency

pair and other related settings (a channel configuration).

Generally, ‘channel’ has this meaning in the CSS.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Glossary133

channel group A channel group is a single logical channel consisting of a set of

base stations. The base stations are linked by an IP network and

share a common multicast IP address.

channel profile A channel profile is a named group of configuration settings that

help to define the properties of a channel. Each channel in the

channel table must have a channel profile assigned to it.

channel seize Channel seize is a signal received at the analog line interface,

requesting the base station to accept the analog signal as an input

into the channel group. The base station can be configured to

acknowledge an asserted E-line, LLGT, or LLGT following

MDC1200 signaling as a channel seize signal.

channel spacing Channel spacing is the bandwidth that a channel nominally

occupies. If a base station has a channel spacing of 12.5 kHz,

there must be a separation of at least 12.5 kHz between its

operating frequencies and those of any other equipment.

channel table The channel table is the base station’s database of channel

configurations.

circuit domain The part of the base station processing functionality that

processes speech signal as a continuous stream of bits – a digital

circuit. The opposite of packet domain.

CODEC An IC which combines analog-to-digital conversion (coding)

and digital-to-analog conversion (decoding).

configuration file A configuration file consists of all the configuration settings

needed for a base station, stored as a file in the configurations

folder. Configuration files have the extension *.apc.

connection list A connection list contains the names and IP addresses of base

stations that the CSS can connect to.

control bus The control bus is used for communications between base station

modules in a subrack. It is an I2C bus, a bi-directional two-wire

serial bus which is used to connect integrated circuits (ICs). I2C

is a multi-server bus, which means that multiple chips can be

connected to the same bus, and each one can act as a server by

initiating a data transfer.

134Glossary TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

control panel The control panel is an area at the front of the base station with

buttons, LEDs and other controls that let you interact with the

base station.

CRTP Compressed RTP.

CSS Customer Service Software. Tait PC-based software for

monitoring, configuring, and diagnosing a Tait TB9100 base

station.

CTCSS CTCSS (continuous tone controlled squelch system), also

known as PL (private line) is a type of signaling that uses

subaudible tones to segregate groups of users.

custom action A custom action is a user-defined Task Manager action that

consists of more than one pre-defined action.

custom input A custom input is a user-defined Task Manager input that

consists of a set of pre-defined inputs that are combined using

Boolean logic.

CWID CWID (Continuous Wave IDentification) is a method of

automatically identifying the base station using a Morse code.

Continuous wave means transmission of a signal with a single

frequency that is either on or off, as opposed to a modulated

carrier.

DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter. A device for converting a digital

signal to an analog signal that represents the same information.

DCS DCS (digital coded squelch), also known as DPL (digital private

line), is a type of subaudible signaling used for segregating groups

of users. DCS codes are identified by a three-digit octal number,

which forms part of the continuously repeating codeword.

When assigning DCS signaling for a channel, you specify the

three-digit code.

de-emphasis De-emphasis is a process in the receiver that restores pre-

emphasized audio to its original relative proportions.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Glossary135

digital input value A value that the base station computes from the state of a

configured number of digital inputs. The digital input value is an

input into Task Manager.

digital P25 mode A mode of operation in which the RF interface transmits and

receives digital signal as defined by the APCO P25 CAI. The

digital line sends and receives IMBE speech packets.

dispatcher A dispatcher is a person who gives official instructions by radio

to a fleet.

dotted quad A method for writing IPv4 addresses. The form is

DDD.DDD.DDD.DDD where DDD is an 8-bit decimal

number.

DSP Digital Signal Processor.

dual mode The ability to operate as a transceiver in two different ways:

analog FM and P25 digital. Dual mode equipment can be

configured to support either mode or to switch between modes

from one over to another.

duplex channel

group The duplex channel group has two voters at each channel group

member, which allows for two directions of speech flow

simultaneously. The selected inbound stream can be sent to all

line interfaces and control speakers at the same time as an

outbound stream is selected and sent to all RF interfaces (see

inbound and outbound).

duty cycle Duty cycle is used in relation to the PA. It is the proportion of

time (expressed as a percentage) during which the PA is operated.

EIA Electronic Industries Alliance. Accredited by the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI) and responsible for

developing telecommunications and electronics standards in the

USA.

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility. The ability of equipment to

operate in its electromagnetic environment without creating

interference with other devices.

136Glossary TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute. The non-

profit organization responsible for producing European

telecommunications standards.

FCC Federal Communications Commission. The FCC is an

independent United States government agency that regulates

interstate and international radio communications.

Feature Code Code that identifies a feature license that can be enabled or

disabled using the Software Feature Enabler.

Feature Code

Sequence Number Number that indicates how many times a feature license has been

enabled or disabled.

Feature license key A set of digits purchased from Tait that is required to enable a

feature license.

FEC Forward Error Correction.

FFSK Fast Frequency Shift Keying. A modem encoding scheme for

carrying data on FM radios.

flag A flag is a programming term for a “yes/no” indicator used to

represent the current status of something. The base station has a

set of flags that Task Manager can set and clear.

FLASH Electrically block erasable and programmable read-only

memory.

FM Frequency Modulation. Often used as an adjective to denote

analog radio transmission.

frequency band The range of frequencies that the equipment is capable of

operating on.

front panel The cover over the front of the base station containing fans for

the PA and PMU.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Glossary137

G. 711 The name of the ITU standard that defines how speech is

digitally encoded (64 kbit, A-law or u-law). When the base

station is in analog mode, G. 711 speech is sent and received on

the digital line interface.

gating Gating is the process of opening and closing the receiver gate.

When a valid signal is received, the receiver gate opens.

group call A group call is a call that involves more than two radios

simultaneously.

hiccup mode Many power supplies switch off in the event of a short-circuit

and try to start again after a short time (usually after a few

seconds). This “hiccup”-type of switching off and on is repeated

until the problem is eliminated.

hub A unit for connecting hosts together. It sends all incoming

ethernet packets to all the other hosts.

hysteresis Hysteresis is the difference between the upper and lower trigger

points. For example, the receiver unmutes when the upper

trigger point is reached, but will mute again until the level falls

to the lower trigger point. An adequate hysteresis prevents the

receiver gate from repeatedly muting and unmuting when the

level varies around the trigger point.

IMBE Improved Multiband Excitation. A voice compression

technology patented by Digital Voice Systems, Inc and used in

the vocoders of P25 radios.

inbound Inbound describes the direction of a signal: from a subscriber unit

over the air interface to the fixed station.

inhibit A control command that can be sent across the CAI to inhibit a

radio. An inhibited radio appears to the user as if it is powered

off.

138Glossary TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

IP Internet Protocol. IP is a protocol for sending data packets

between hosts.

isolator An isolator is a passive two-port device which transmits power in

one direction, and absorbs power in the other direction. It is used

in a PA to prevent damage to the RF circuitry from high reverse

power.

LAN Local Area Network

LED Light Emitting Diode. Also the screen representation of a

physical LED.

LLGT Low level guard tone. One of a set of tones used to remotely

control base stations.

Lockout U.S. term for Inhibit (see inhibit).

MDC1200 MDC1200 is a proprietary signaling protocol developed by

Motorola and used to enhance basic communications in analog

PMR.

monitor The Monitor function unmutes the receiver, so that the user can

hear all traffic on a channel.

multicast group The group of hosts associated with a specific IP multicast address.

multicast IP address An IP address that addresses a group of hosts rather than a single

host.

mute A mute controls the circumstances under which a received signal

is passed to the radio’s speaker. When a mute is active, the radio’s

speaker only unmutes under certain conditions, determined by

the type of signaling operating on a channel and the squelch

threshold.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Glossary139

NAC Network Access Code. The 12 most significant bits of the

network identifier information that precedes every packet sent

on the CAI. The NAC identifies which network the data

belongs to, allowing base stations and mobiles to ignore packets

belonging to interfering networks.

navigation pane The navigation pane is the left-hand pane of the CSS application

window. It displays a hierarchical list of items. When you click

an item, the main pane displays the corresponding form.

normal squelch A type of squelch operation in which the receiver unmutes on

any signal with the correct NAC (digital P25) or subaudible

signaling (analog FM).

octet A set of 8 bits.

operating range Operating range is another term for switching range.

outbound Outbound describes the direction of a signal: from a fixed station

over the air interface to a subscriber unit.

over A single transmission, which begins when a user presses PTT and

ends when the user stops pressing.

P25 Project 25. A suite of standards and requirements intended for

digital public safety radio communications systems.

PA The PA (power amplifier) is a base station module that boosts the

exciter output to transmit level.

packet domain The speech processing area that deals with speech data that has

been collected up into a packet. IP networks convey packets.

The opposite of circuit domain.

PCB Printed Circuit Board

140Glossary TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

PMU The PMU (power management unit) is a module that provides

power to the base station.

pre-emphasis Pre-emphasis is a process in the transmitter that boosts higher

audio frequencies.

program The act of sending a configuration data set from the CSS to the

base station.

Project 25 A project set up by APCO (the Association of Public Safety

Communications Officials International), together with other

US governmental organizations, to develop standards for

interoperable digital radios to meet the needs of public safety

users.

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network: The public telephone

network.

PTT Push To Talk. The button on a radio terminal that keys the

transmitter.

QoS Quality Of Service.

reciter The reciter is a module of a TB9100 base station that acts as

receiver and exciter.

repeater talkaround Repeater talkaround allows the radio user to bypass repeater

operation and so communicate directly with other radios. While

repeater talkaround is active, all transmissions are made on the

receive frequency programmed for the channel.

reverse tone burst Reverse tone bursts can be used with CTCSS. When reverse

tone bursts are enabled, the phase of the generated tones is

reversed for a number of cycles just before transmission ceases. If

the receiver is configured for reverse tone burst, it responds by

closing its gate.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Glossary141

RISC Reduced instruction set chip. The name used for the control

processors in the reciter’s digital board and network board.

RS-232 A serial communications protocol.

RSSI RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) is a level that

indicates the strength of the received signal.

RTP RTP (Real Time Protocol) is an Internet protocol that supports

the real-time transmission of voice and data.

Run mode Run mode is the normal operating mode of the base station.

Rx Receiver.

selective squelch A type of squelch operation in which the receiver unmutes only

on signals that are explicitly addressed to that receiver. This can

be done through a talk group ID or unit ID (digital P25) or

through MDC1200 signaling (analog FM).

sensitivity The sensitivity of a radio receiver is the minimum input signal

strength required to provide a useable signal.

signaling profile A signaling profile is a named set of configuration items related

to signaling that can be applied to any channel. Items include

subaudible signaling and transmit timers.

simplex channel

group The simplex channel group has a single voter at each channel

group member, which selects one stream from all the possible

sources, and sends it to all the output interfaces.

SINAD SINAD (Signal plus Noise and Distortion) is a measure of signal

quality. It is the ratio of (signal + noise + distortion) to (noise +

distortion). A SINAD of 12 dB corresponds to a signal to noise

ratio of 4:1. The TB9100 can provide an approximate SINAD

value while in service by comparing the in-band audio against

out-of-band noise. This value should not be relied upon to make

calibrated measurements.

142Glossary TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

site 1. The base station electronics at a particular location. This

includes power supplies, transmitters, receivers, network

interfaces and controllers. 2. The location of that electronic

equipment.

SMR Specialized Mobile Radio. A communications system used by

police, ambulances, taxis, trucks and other delivery vehicles.

squelch Squelch is a feature of radio equipment. It ensures that the

speaker only unmutes when a valid signal is received. To be

valid, it must, for example, exceed a certain signal strength.

Standby mode Standby mode is a mode of base station operation in which active

service is suspended so that special operations can be carried out,

such as programming a new configuration into the base station.

subaudible

signaling Subaudible signaling is signaling that is at the bottom end of the

range of audible frequencies. The TB9100 base station supports

CTCSS and DCS subaudible signaling.

subtone A subtone (subaudible signaling tone) is a CTCSS tone or a DCS

code.

supplementary

service A term used in the P25 standards. It refers to a group of services

that is additional to the basic service that a telecommunications

network provides. Examples include encryption and radio unit

monitoring.

switching range The switching range is the range of frequencies (about 10 MHz)

that the equipment is tuned to operate on. This is a subset of the

equipment’s frequency band.

syslog protocol syslog is a standard protocol used for the transmission of event

notification messages across IP networks. Base stations can send

messages such as alarms to an IP address on the TaitNet P25

network. The base station’s logs store messages in the syslog

format.

TaitNet Brand name for any PMR network designed and manufactured

by Tait Electronics Limited.

TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual Glossary143

TaitNet P25

network A set of Tait base stations interconnected by an IP network that

can carry voice and data traffic.

TB9100 Base Station A Tait TB9100 base station consists of the equipment necessary

to receive and transmit on one channel. Generally, this means a

reciter, a PA, and a PMU. Often abbreviated to TB9100 or base

station.

Task action A task action is the second part of a Task Manager task. It

specifies what the base station must do when the first part (the

input) becomes true.

Task input A task input is the first part of a Task Manager task. It specifies

what the must become true before the base station carries out the

second part.

Task Manager Task Manager is a part of the TB9100 base station firmware that

carries out tasks in response to inputs. These tasks are formulated

using the CSS.

TCP Transmission Control Protocol. A complex protocol on top of

IP for sending reliable streams of data with flow control.

TELCO Telephone company.

TIA Telecommunications Industry Association

toggle The term toggle is used to describe the switching between two

states. If something is on, toggling it turns it off. If it is off,

toggling it turns it on.

tone A tone is a sound wave of a particular frequency.

Tx Transmitter.

uninhibit A control command that can be sent across the CAI to restore

and inhibited radio to normal functioning.

UDP User Datagram Protocol. A simple protocol on top of IP for

sending streams of data.

144Glossary TB9100 Installation and Operation Manual

UTC Coordinated Universal Time (word order from French). An

international time standard that has replaced Greenwich Mean

Time.

valid signal A valid signal is a signal that the receiver responds to by

unmuting the receiver. A signal is valid, for example, when it is

stronger than a minimum level and when it has the specified

NAC.

vocoder Voice encoder/decoder. A processing element that compresses/

decompresses the digital voice signal.

VoIP Voice over IP. The name for the technology that puts speech

signals in packets and then routes them over an IP backbone

network.

voting Voting is the systematic sampling of a group of channels for the

channel with the greatest signal strength. Voting provides wide-

area coverage and ensures that as the user moves throughout the

coverage area the strongest channel is always available for a call.

The TB9100 has an internal voter, which decides which base

station input is passed to the switch for distribution to the

configured and enabled outputs.

VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is the ratio of the

maximum peak voltage anywhere on the line to the minimum

value anywhere on the line. A perfectly matched line has a

VSWR of 1:1. A high ratio indicates that the antenna subsystem

is poorly matched.

watchdog A watchdog circuit checks that the system is still responding. If

the system does not respond (because the firmware has locked

up), the circuit resets the system.

TB9100 Installation And Operation Manual Tx9000/TB9000/MBA 00002 05 Operations MBA

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