Ralink SDK3600 User Manual

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RALINK TECHNOLOGY, CORP.

RALINK AP SDK 3.6.0.0 USER'S

MANUAL

This document is property of Ralink Technology Corporation Transmittal, receipt, or

possession of this document does not express, license, or imply any rights to use, sell,

design, or manufacture from this information or the software documented herein. No

reproduction, publication, or disclosure of this information, in whole or in part, shall be

allowed, unless the prior written consent of Ralink Technology Corporation is obtained.

NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS SENSITIVE INFORMATION AND HAS RESTRICTED

DISTRIBUTION.

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Ralink reserves the right, at its own discretion, to update or revise the Proprietary

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Please check back if you have any question. Information or items marked as "not yet

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Ralink Technology Corporation (Taiwan)

5F, No.5, Tai-Yuen 1st Street,

ChuPei City

HsinChu Hsien 302, Taiwan, ROC

Tel +886-3-560-0868

Fax +886-3-560-0818

Sales Taiwan: Sales@ralinktech.com.tw

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1SDK History................................................................................................................................9

2Version History........................................................................................................................13

3Overview of the Ralink AP Demo Board.........................................................................15

3.1RT2880..................................................................................................................................15

3.2RT3052..................................................................................................................................17

3.3RT3883..................................................................................................................................19

3.4RT3352..................................................................................................................................22

3.5RT5350..................................................................................................................................24

4AP SDK source code overview...........................................................................................27

5Tool-chain..................................................................................................................................28

5.1Install toolchain..................................................................................................................28

5.2Install LZMA Utility............................................................................................................28

5.3Install mksquashfs utility...............................................................................................28

6Boot loader................................................................................................................................30

6.1Uboot Configuration.........................................................................................................30

6.2Build the uboot Image.....................................................................................................31

6.3Burn the uboot image......................................................................................................31

7User Library..............................................................................................................................32

7.1Library Configuration.......................................................................................................32

7.2Library Porting....................................................................................................................32

7.3Build user library...............................................................................................................33

8User Application......................................................................................................................34

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8.1Ralink Proprietary Applications....................................................................................34

8.1.1ATED.............................................................................................................................34

8.1.2REG................................................................................................................................34

8.1.3FLASH...........................................................................................................................34

8.1.4GPIO..............................................................................................................................35

8.1.5MII_MGR.....................................................................................................................35

8.1.6MTD...............................................................................................................................36

8.1.7NVRAM.........................................................................................................................37

8.1.8SPICMD........................................................................................................................38

8.1.9I2CCMD........................................................................................................................38

8.1.10Script............................................................................................................................38

8.2goahead................................................................................................................................39

8.3nvram library......................................................................................................................39

8.4wsc_upnp.............................................................................................................................39

8.5iptables..................................................................................................................................39

8.6ntpclient................................................................................................................................39

8.7mtd-utils...............................................................................................................................39

8.8ppp-2.4.2..............................................................................................................................40

8.9bridge-utils...........................................................................................................................40

8.10wireless_tools.....................................................................................................................40

8.11inadyn....................................................................................................................................40

8.12zebra-0.95a_ripd...............................................................................................................40

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8.13wpa_supplicant-0.5.7......................................................................................................40

8.14totd-1.5.................................................................................................................................41

8.15samba-3.0.2........................................................................................................................41

8.16radvd-1.0..............................................................................................................................41

8.17pptp-client............................................................................................................................41

8.18rp-l2tp-0.4...........................................................................................................................41

8.19ctorrent-dnh3.2..................................................................................................................41

8.20dhcp6.....................................................................................................................................42

8.21dnsmasq-2.40.....................................................................................................................42

8.22igmpproxy............................................................................................................................42

8.23matrixssl-1.8.3...................................................................................................................42

8.24rp-pppoe-3.8.......................................................................................................................43

8.25usb_modeswitch-0.9.5....................................................................................................43

8.26Port new user application...............................................................................................43

9Linux Kernel..............................................................................................................................46

9.1Linux configuration...........................................................................................................46

9.2Change Flash/DRAM Size...............................................................................................48

9.3Change Switch Controller in RT2880 Platform.......................................................48

9.4Update User/Kernel default settings..........................................................................49

9.5Compile Linux image........................................................................................................50

9.6Port new Linux kernel module......................................................................................50

9.7Execute commands at boot up time..........................................................................52

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9.8Add new files in RootFs...................................................................................................52

9.9Image DownSize................................................................................................................53

10Flash Layout and Firmware Upgrade..............................................................................56

10.1Flash Layout........................................................................................................................56

10.2Firmware Upgrade.............................................................................................................56

10.2.1By Uboot......................................................................................................................56

10.2.2By WebUI....................................................................................................................57

11FAQ59

11.1RT2880 Default password/UART/networking setting..........................................59

11.2System requirements for the host platform............................................................59

11.3How to add new default parameter in flash............................................................60

11.3.1Example 1...................................................................................................................60

11.3.2Example 2...................................................................................................................60

11.4Enable Ethernet Converter Feature............................................................................61

11.5Change RF chip from RT2820 to RT2850 on the RT2880 platform................63

11.6How to change the Ethernet MAC address..............................................................63

11.7How to configure GPIO ports........................................................................................64

11.8Use GPIO to turn on LED................................................................................................65

11.9Use LED firmware to turn on LED...............................................................................70

11.10How to start the telnet server......................................................................................73

11.10.1busybox setting...............................................................................................73

11.10.2Linux setting.....................................................................................................73

11.1111n bit rate derivation.....................................................................................................74

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11.12How to build a single image for the flash programmer......................................77

11.13How to power down the rt305x Ethernet ports.....................................................79

11.14How to enable NFS client...............................................................................................80

11.15How to add a new language to the web UI.............................................................82

11.16How to enable watchdog................................................................................................83

11.17How to enable USB storage on the RT305x platform..........................................84

11.18How to enable USB automount on the RT305x platform...................................85

11.19How to enable software QoS.........................................................................................86

11.20Software QoS information..............................................................................................89

11.20.1Software QoS – Preface...............................................................................89

11.20.2Software QoS – Concept.............................................................................89

11.20.3Software QoS – Usage.................................................................................90

11.21How to enable USB Ethernet (example for ASIX AX88XXX).............................93

11.22How to build a single image for the RT2880 8M flash platform......................95

11.23How to start a printer server (example for HP officejet 4355)........................96

11.24How to force the RT3052 link speed..........................................................................98

11.25How to verify IGMP snooping function......................................................................99

11.26EHCI/OHCI USB Power Saving...................................................................................101

11.27Auto-frequency and Power Saving...........................................................................102

11.28Concurrent AP porting Guide......................................................................................106

11.29SuperDMZ usage guide.................................................................................................115

11.30How to support IPv6 Ready Logo..............................................................................116

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11.31How to enable iPerf tool................................................................................................118

11.32How to enable ebtables.................................................................................................119

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1 SDK HISTORY

Release Features Platform Support Schedule

1.2 SDK OS: Linux 2.4.30

Bootloader: Uboot

Toolchain: GNU based

cross-compiler

Driver: UART, Giga

Ethernet, Flash, Wi-Fi

Driver

Application: Bridging,

Routing, NAT, PPPoE,

Web server, DHCP client,

DHCP server

Wi-Fi features: WMM,

WMM-PS, WEP,

WPA/WPA2 personal,

WPA/WPA2 Enterprise

RT2880 Shuttle Support

IC+ 5 ports 10/100 Switch

Support

Marvall Giga Single Phy

Support

Formal: 2007/03/20

1.3 SDK Feature parity with 1.2

SDK plus:

Application: NTP, DDNS,

WebUI enhance, Vista

RG (Native IPv6, LLTD),

Firewall

Driver: I2C, SPI, GPIO

driver

Wi-Fi features:

Intergraded QA, WPS,

mBSSID, WDS, STA

mode, 802.1x

Concurrent AP support

RT2880 MP Support Beta: 2007/04/30

Formal: 2007/05/25

2.0 SDK Feature parity with 1.3

SDK plus:

File system support

ramdisk and squashfs

WebUI: save/restore

configure. WPS PIN, WPS

None Beta: 2007/07/06

Formal: 2007/07/20

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PBC, factory default, STA

mode support

Application: push button

to load default

configuration (GPIO

reference design)

Wi-Fi features: AP-Client

Ethernet Converter

Support

2.2 SDK Feature parity with 2.0

SDK plus:

AP version 1.6.0.0

STA version 1.4.0.0

Wi-Fi Certification:

802.11 b/g/n, WPA2,

WMM, WMM-PS, WPS

Operation Mode

reorganization to

"Bridge", "Gateway", and

"Ethernet Converter"

support iNIC driver

Support Squash with

LZMA file system

Vitesse Switch Support

Formal: 2007/11/08

2.3 SDK Feature parity with 2.2

SDK plus:

iNIC v1.1.6.1

RT2561 driver v1.1.2.0

Spansion Flash Support

RT2860 AP driver v1.7

RT2860 STA driver v1.5

RT2561 WebUI

Multi-Language WebUI

support

IC+ 100Phy

Realtek 100Phy

Formal: 2008/01/16

2.4 SDK Feature parity with 2.3

SDK plus:

iNIC v1.1.7.1

RT2860 AP driver

v1.8.1.0

Mii iNIC Formal: 2008/04/07

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RT2860 STA driver

v1.6.0.0

Static/Dynamic Routing

Content Filtering

3.0 SDK Feature parity with 2.4

SDK plus:

OS: Linux 2.6.21

(Linux2.4 for RT2880,

Linux-2.6 for RT3052)

8MB Flash Support –

S29GL064N/MX29LV640

Storage Application –

FTP/Samba

RT3052 Support

Formal: 2008/06/06

3.1 SDK Feature parity with 3.0

SDK plus:

RT2860 AP driver

v1.9.0.0

RT2860 STA driver

v1.7.0.0

[RT3052] 16MB/32MB

NOR flash support

[RT3052] Boot from

0xbf00.0000(MA14=1)

[RT3052] Boot from

0xbfc0.0000(MA14=0)

RT2880 platforms

RT3052 platforms

Formal: 2008/07/30

3.2 SDK Feature parity with 3.1

SDK plus:

RT2860 AP driver

v2.0.0.0

RT2860 STA driver

v1.8.0.0

GreenAP support

Busybox 1.12.1

MTD-Based Flash API

RT2880 platforms

RT3050 platforms

RT3052 platforms

Formal: 2008/10/06

3.3 SDK Feature parity with 3.2

SDK plus:

RT2860 AP driver

v2.2.0.0

RT2880 platforms

RT3050 platforms

RT3052 platforms

Formal: 2009/04/27

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RT2860 STA driver

v2.1.0.0

3.4 SDK Feature parity with 3.3

SDK plus:

RT2880 platforms

RT3050 platforms

RT3052 platforms

RT3350 platforms

RT3883 platforms

RT3662 platforms

Formal: 2010/02/12

3.5 SDK Feature parity with 3.3

SDK plus:

RT2880 platforms

RT3050 platforms

RT3052 platforms

RT3350 platforms

RT3883 platforms

RT3662 platforms

RT3352 platforms

Formal: 2010/08/06

3.6 SDK Feature parity with 3.3

SDK plus:

RT2880 platforms

RT3050 platforms

RT3052 platforms

RT3350 platforms

RT3883 platforms

RT3662 platforms

RT3352 platforms

RT5350 platforms

Formal: 2011/07/15

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2 VERSION HISTORY

Release Features Date Author

1.2 Initial release Steven Liu

1.3 WebUI – NTP/DDNS, iNIC

I2C, SPI, GPIO Linux driver

Steven Liu

2.0 Squashfs tools installation

WebUI - save/restore configure. WPS , factory default

WebUI – STA, Ethernet Converter mode

Steven Liu

2.2 WebUI - Operation Mode reorganization

How to downsize image

Steven Liu

2.3 How to control GPIO and LED

Install mksquashfs Utility

Describes Uboot configuration file

Add new parameter in default setting

Steven Liu

2.4 WebUI – How to save the configurations to the flash Winfred Lu

3.0 Updated for RT3052

Chapter Re-organization

Steven Liu

3.1 Update default parameter for LED firmware

Update GPIO definition for RT3052 platform

Update FAQ

Steven Liu

3.2

Reorganize user manual

Update FAQ

-How to enable NFS Client

-How to add new language to webUI

- How to Power down rt305x Ethernet ports

- How to enable USB storage in RT305x platform

-How to enable USB automount in RT305x platform

Steven Liu /

Winfred

3.3 Update FAQ

-How to enable software QoS

- How to enable USB Ethernet

- How to build a single image for the RT2880 8M flash

platform

- How to start printer server

-How to force link speed

Steven

3.4 - How to burn SPI Uboot firmware

-How to enable new watchdog

Steven

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-How to verify IGMP snooping

3.5 - Update “How to enable Software QoS” YY

3.6 - Update “NVRAM”

- Update “How to enable watchdog”

- EHCI/OHCI USB Power Saving

- Auto-frequency and Power Saving

- Concurrent AP porting Guide

- SuperDMZ usage guide

- How to support IPv6 Ready Logo

- How to enable iPerf tool

- How to enable enable ebtables

Red

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3 OVERVIEW OF THE RALINK AP DEMO BOARD

3.1 RT2880

The RT2880 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 2T3R MAC/BBP, a high

performance 266-MHz MIPS4KEc CPU core, a Gigabit Ethernet MAC and a PCI host/device,

to enable a multitude of high performance, cost-effective 802.11n applications. The

RT2880 has two RF companion chips: The RT2820, for 2.4G-band operation; and the

RT2850, for dual band 2.4G or 5G operations. In addition to traditional AP/router

applications, the chipset can be implemented as a WLAN “intelligent” NIC, drastically

reducing the load on the host SOC, such as DSL/Cable or Multimedia Applications

processors. Users can treat the WLAN iNIC as a simple Ethernet device for easy porting and

guaranteed 802.11n WLAN performance without the need to upgrade to an expensive host

SOC.

Figure 1 The RT2880 Demo Board

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Table 1 RT2880 Memory Mapping

Address Range (hex) Size Block Name

0000.0000 - 001F.FFFF 2M Reserved

0020.0000 - 0020.1FFF 8K Reserved

0020.2000 - 0020.3FFF 8K Reserved

0020.2000 - 0020.5FFF 8K Reserved

0020.6000 - 002F.FFFF 1024K Reserved

0030.0000 - 0030.00FF 256 System Control

0030.0100 - 0030.01FF 256 Timer

0030.0200 - 0030.02FF 256 Interrupt Controller

0030.0300 - 0030.03FF 256 Memory Controller

0030.0400 - 0030.04FF 256 Reserved

0030.0500 - 0030.05FF 256 UART

0030.0600 - 0030.06FF 256 Programmable I/O

0030.0700 - 0030.07FF 256 Reserved

0030.0800 - 0030.08FF 256 Reserved

0030.0900 - 0030.09FF 256 I2C

0030.0A00 - 0030.0AFF 256 Reserved

0030.0B00 - 0030.0BFF 256 SPI

0030.0C00 - 0030.0CFF 256 UART Lite

0030.0D00 - 0030.0DFF 256 Reserved

0030.0F00 - 0030.0FFF 256 Reserved

0030.1000 - 0030.FFFF 1020K Reserved

0040.0000 - 0040.FFFF 64K Frame Engine

0041.0000 - 0041.FFFF 64K Embedded 16KB ROM (wrap-around in the

64KB space)

0042.0000 - 0042.FFFF 64K PCM Controller

0043.0000 - 0043.FFFF 64K Reserved

0044.0000 - 0047.FFFF 256K PCI Host/Device Controller

0048.0000 - 004B.FFFF 256K 802.11n MAC/BBP

004C.0000 - 004F.FFFF 256K Reserved

0050.0000 - 0053.FFFF 256K Reserved

0054.0000 - 007F.FFFF 2816K Reserved

0080.0000 - 0080.7FFF 32K Reserved

0080.8000 - 0080.FFFF 32K Reserved

0081.0000 - 0081.FFFF 64K Reserved

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0082.0000 - 0082.FFFF 64K Reserved

0083.0000 - 0083.FFFF 64K Reserved

0084.0000 - 0088.FFFF 256K Reserved

0100.0000 - 01FF.FFFF 16M External SRAM

0800.0000 - 0BFF.FFFF 64M SDRAM

0C00.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF 64M SDRAM

1000.0000 - 1003.FFFF 256K Reserved

1004.0000 - 1007.FFFF 256K Reserved

1008.0000 - 100B.FFFF 256K Reserved

100C.0000 - 100F.FFFF 256K Reserved

1010.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF 192M Reserved

1C00.0000 - 1FFF.FFFF 64M External Flash

2000.0000 - 2FFF.FFFF 256M PCI Memory Space

3000.0000 - FFFF.FFFF 3.25G Reserved

3.2 RT3052

The RT3052 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 2T2R MAC/BBP/RF, a high

performance 384MHz MIPS24KEc CPU core, 5-port integrated 10/100 Ethernet switch/PHY,

an USB OTG and a Gigabit Ethernet MAC. There are very few external components required

for 2.4GHz 11n wireless products with the RT3052. It employs Ralink’s 2nd generation 11n

technologies for longer range and better throughput. The embedded high performance CPU

can process advanced applications effortlessly, such as routing, security and VOIP. The

USB port can be configured to access external storage for Digital Home applications. The

RT3052 also has rich hardware interfaces (SPI/I2S/I2C/UART/GMAC) to enable many

possible applications.

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Figure 2 The RT3052 Demo Board

Table 2 RT3052 Memory Mapping

0000.0000 - 03FF.FFFF 64M SDRAM

0400.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1000.0000 - 1000.00FF 256 SYSCTL

1000.0100 - 1000.01FF 256 TIMER

1000.0200 - 1000.02FF 256 INTCTL

1000.0300 - 1000.03FF 256 MEM_CTRL (SDRAM & Flash/SRAM)

1000.0400 - 1000.04FF 256 PCM

1000.0500 - 1000.05FF 256 UART

1000.0600 - 1000.06FF 256 PIO

1000.0700 - 1000.07FF 256 Generic DMA

1000.0800 - 1000.08FF 256 NAND Flash Controller

1000.0900 - 1000.09FF 256 I2C

1000.0A00 - 1000.0AFF 256 I2S

1000.0B00 - 1000.0BFF 256 SPI

1000.0C00 - 1000.0CFF 256 UARTLITE

1000.0D00 - 100F.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1010.0000 - 1010.FFFF 64K Frame Engine

1011.0000 - 1011.7FFF 32K Ethernet Switch

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1011.8000 1011.9FFF 8K ROM

1011_a000 1011_FFFF <<Reserved>>

1012.0000 - 1012.7FFF 32K <<Reserved>>

1012.8000 1012.FFFF 32K <<Reserved>>

1013.0000 - 1013.7FFF 32K <<Reserved>>

1013.8000 - 1013.FFFF 32K <<Reserved>>

1014.0000 - 1017.FFFF 256K <<Reserved>>

1018.0000 - 101B.FFFF 256K 802.11n MAC/BBP

101C.0000 - 101F.FFFF 256K USB OTG

1020.0000 - 1AFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1B00.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF 16MB External SRAM/Flash

1C00.0000 - 1EFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1F00.0000 - 1FFF.FFFF 16MB(flash)

4KB(ram) or

8KB(rom)

When BOOT_FROM = 2’b00,

<16MB external 16-bit flash is mapped.

When BOOT_FROM = 2’b01,

<8MB external 8-bit flash is mapped.

When BOOT_FROM = 2’b10,

4KB internal boot RAM is mapped for boot

from NAND application.

When BOOT_FROM = 2’b11,

8KB internal boot ROM is mapped for iNIC

application.

3.3 RT3883

The RT3883 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 3T3R MAC/BBP/RF, a high

performance 500MHz MIPS74Kec CPU core, a Gigabit Ethernet MAC, and a USB Host/Device.

With the RT3883, there are very few external components required for 2.4/5GHz 11n

wireless products. The RT3883 employs Ralink 2nd generation 11n technologies for longer

range and better throughput. The embedded high performance CPU can process advanced

applications effortlessly, such as WI-FI data processing without overloading the host

processor. In addition, the RT3883 has rich hardware interfaces (SPI/ I2S/ I2C/ PCM/ UART/

USB/ PCI/ PCIe/ RGMII/ MII) to enable many possible applications.

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Figure 3 The RT3883 Demo Board

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Table 3 RT3052 Memory Mapping

Start End Size Description

0000.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF 256 M DDR2 256MB/SDRAM 128MB

1000.0000 - 1000.00FF 256 SYSCTL

1000.0100 - 1000.01FF 256 TIMER

1000.0200 - 1000.02FF 256 INTCTL

1000.0300 - 1000.03FF 256 MEM_CTRL (SDR/DDR)

1000.0400 - 1000.04FF 256 <<Reserved>>

1000.0500 - 1000.05FF 256 UART

1000.0600 - 1000.06FF 256 PIO

1000.0700 - 1000.07FF 256 Flash Controller (NOR/SRAM)

1000.0800 - 1000.08FF 256 NAND Controller

1000.0900 - 1000.09FF 256 I2C

1000.0A00 - 1000.0AFF 256 I2S

1000.0B00 - 1000.0BFF 256 SPI

1000.0C00 - 1000.0CFF 256 UARTLITE

1000.0D00 - 1000.0DFF <<Reserved>>

1000.2000 - 1000.27FF 2 K PCM (up to 16 channel)

1000.2800 - 1000.2FFF 2 K Generic DMA (up to 64 channel)

1000.3000 - 1000.37FF 2 K CODEC 1

1000.3800 - 1000.3FFF 2 K CODEC 2

1000.4000 - 100F.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1010.0000 - 1010.FFFF 64 K Frame Engine

1011.0000 - 1011.7FFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1011.8000 1011.BFFF 16 K ROM

1011.C000 - 1011.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

1012.0000 - 1012.7FFF 16 K USB Device

1012.8000 - 1012.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

1013.0000 - 1013.7FFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1013.8000 - 1013.FFFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1014.0000 - 1017.FFFF 256 K PCI/ PCI Express

1018.0000 - 101B.FFFF 256 K 802.11n MAC/BBP

101C.0000 - 101F.FFFF 256 K USB Host

1020.0000 - 1023.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

1024.0000 - 1027.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

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1028.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1C00.0000 - 1DFF.FFFF

16KB ROM

32MB

16-bit

Flash

16MB 8-bit

Flash

When BOOT_FROM = 3’b000,

up-to 32MB external 16-bit flash is mapped.

When BOOT_FROM = 3’b001,

up-to 16MB external 8-bit flash is mapped.

When BOOT_FROM = 3’b010/3’b011/3’b100,

16KB internal boot ROM is mapped.

1E00.0000 - 1FFF.FFFF External SRAM/Flash

2000.0000 - 2FFF.FFFF 256 M PCI/PCIe Memory Space

3.4 RT3352

The RT3352 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 2T2R MAC/BBP/PA/RF, a high

performance 400MHz MIPS24KEc CPU core, a Gigabit Ethernet MAC, 5-pors integrated

10/100 Ethernet Swtich/PHY and an USB Host/Device. With the RT3352, there are very

few external components required for 2.4GHz 11n wireless products. The RT3352

employs Ralink 2nd generation 11n technologies for longer range and better throughput.

The embedded high performance CPU can process advanced applications effortlessly, such

as WIFI data processing without overloading the host processor. In addition, the RT3352

has rich hardware interfaces (SPI/ I2S/ I2C/ PCM/ UART/ USB/ GMAC) to enable many

possible applications.

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Figure 4 The RT3352 Demo Board

Start End Size Description

0000.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF 256 M DDR2 256MB/SDRAM 128MB

1000.0000 - 1000.00FF 256 SYSCTL

1000.0100 - 1000.01FF 256 TIMER

1000.0200 - 1000.02FF 256 INTCTL

1000.0300 - 1000.03FF 256 MEM_CTRL (SDR/DDR)

1000.0400 - 1000.04FF 256 <<Reserved>>

1000.0500 - 1000.05FF 256 UART

1000.0600 - 1000.06FF 256 PIO

1000.0700 - 1000.07FF 256 <<Reserved>>

1000.0800 - 1000.08FF 256 <<Reserved>>

1000.0900 - 1000.09FF 256 I2C

1000.0A00 - 1000.0AFF 256 I2S

1000.0B00 - 1000.0BFF 256 SPI

1000.0C00 - 1000.0CFF 256 UARTLITE

1000.0D00 - 1000.0DFF 256 MIPS CNT

1000.2000 - 1000.27FF 2 K PCM (up to 16 channel)

1000.2800 - 1000.2FFF 2 K Generic DMA (up to 64 channel)

1000.3000 - 1000.37FF 2 K <<Reserved>>

1000.3800 - 1000.3FFF 2 K <<Reserved>>

1000.4000 - 100F.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1010.0000 - 1010.FFFF 64 K Frame Engine

1011.0000 - 1011.7FFF 32 K Ethernet Swtich

1011.8000 1011.BFFF 16 K ROM

1011.C000 - 1011.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

1012.0000 - 1012.7FFF 16 K USB Device

1012.8000 - 1012.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

1013.0000 - 1013.7FFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1013.8000 - 1013.FFFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1014.0000 - 1017.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

1018.0000 - 101B.FFFF 256 K 802.11n MAC/BBP

101C.0000 - 101F.FFFF 256 K USB Host

1020.0000 - 1023.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

1024.0000 - 1027.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

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1028.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1C00.0000 - 1C00.3FFF

16KB ROM

When system is power on,

16KB internal boot ROM is mapped.

3.5 RT5350

The RT5350 SOC combines Ralink’s 802.11n draft compliant 1T1R MAC/BBP/PA/RF, a high

performance 360MHz MIPS24KEc CPU core, 5-ports integrated 10/100 Ethernet

Swtich/PHY and an USB Host/Device. With the RT5350, there are very few external

components required for 2.4GHz 11n wireless products. The RT5350 employs Ralink 2nd

generation 11n technologies for longer range and better throughput. The embedded high

performance CPU can process advanced applications effortlessly, such as WIFI data

processing without overloading the host processor. In addition, the RT5350 has rich

hardware interfaces (SPI/ I2S/ I2C/ PCM/ UART/ USB) to enable many possible

applications.

Figure 5 The RT3352 Demo Board

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Start End Size Description

0000.0000 - 03FF.FFFF 64 M SDRAM 64MB

0400.0000 - 0FFF.FFFF 192M Reserved

1000.0000 - 1000.00FF 256 SYSCTL

1000.0100 - 1000.01FF 256 TIMER

1000.0200 - 1000.02FF 256 INTCTL

1000.0300 - 1000.03FF 256 MEM_CTRL (SDR)

1000.0400 - 1000.04FF 256 <<Reserved>>

1000.0500 - 1000.05FF 256 UART

1000.0600 - 1000.06FF 256 PIO

1000.0700 - 1000.07FF 256 Reserved>>

1000.0800 - 1000.08FF 256 Reserved>>

1000.0900 - 1000.09FF 256 I2C

1000.0A00 - 1000.0AFF 256 I2S

1000.0B00 - 1000.0BFF 256 SPI

1000.0C00 - 1000.0CFF 256 UARTLITE

1000.0D00 - 1000.0DFF 256 MIPS CNT

1000.2000 - 1000.27FF 2 K PCM (up to 16 channel)

1000.2800 - 1000.2FFF 2 K Generic DMA (up to 64 channel)

1000.3000 - 1000.37FF 2 K Reserved>>

1000.3800 - 1000.3FFF 2 K Reserved>>

1000.4000 - 100F.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1010.0000 - 1010.FFFF 64 K Frame Engine

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1011.0000 - 1011.7FFF 32 K Ethernet Swtich

1011.8000 1011.BFFF 16 K ROM

1011.C000 - 1011.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

1012.0000 - 1012.7FFF 16 K USB Device

1012.8000 - 1012.FFFF 16 K <<Reserved>>

1013.0000 - 1013.7FFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1013.8000 - 1013.FFFF 32 K <<Reserved>>

1014.0000 - 1017.FFFF 256 K Reserved>>

1018.0000 - 101B.FFFF 256 K 802.11n MAC/BBP

101C.0000 - 101F.FFFF 256 K USB Host

1020.0000 - 1023.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

1024.0000 - 1027.FFFF 256 K <<Reserved>>

1028.0000 - 1BFF.FFFF <<Reserved>>

1C00.0000 - 1C00.3FFF

16KB

ROM

When system is power on,

16KB internal boot ROM is mapped.

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4 AP SDK SOURCE CODE OVERVIEW

The subsequent command is used in the development environment. It makes a directory

equivalent to "/home/${user}/RT288x_SDK".

#tar jxvf RT288x_SDK_{version}_{date}.tar.bz2

• The RT288x_SDK package contains the subsequent directories.

o toolchain : mips toolchain

o source : Linux kernel source

o tools :useful script

• The source directory contains the subsequent directories.

o config : auto-configuration files

o images : Linux image

o lib : uClibc 0.9.28

o linux-2.4.x : Linux kernel source for RT2880

o linux-2.6.21.x : Linux kernel source for RT3052

o romfs : root file system (uncompressed)

o tools : useful script to generate rootfs

o user : user applications

o vendor : init scripts of target platform (inittab, rcS...etc)

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5 TOOL-CHAIN

The Ralink AP SDK uses buildroot to make the Linux kernel image. Buildroot is a set of

Makefiles and patches. It is easy to make a cross-compilation toolchain and root file system

for the target Linux system. Use the uClibc C library.

5.1 Install toolchain

#cp RT288x_SDK/toolchain/buildroot-gcc342.tar.bz2 /opt

#$ tar jxvf buildroot-gcc342.tar.bz2

The extract procedure makes a directory equivalent to "/opt/buildroot-gdb"

5.2 Install LZMA Utility

lzma is necessary to make the compressed kernel image. The Ralink RT2880 SDK uses

lzma to compress the kernel image.

#cd RT288x_SDK/toolchain/lzma-4.32.0beta3

#./configure

#make

#make install (install lzma to /usr/local/bin)

Use gzip or lzma to compress the kernel image.

Make changes to RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{Platform}/Makefile

COMP = gzip

Use gzip to compress the Linux kernel image.

COMP = lzma

Use lzma to compress the Linux kernel image.

5.3 Install mksquashfs utility

mksquashfs-lzma is necessary to make the compressed rootfs. The Ralink AP SDK uses

mksquashfs with lzma to compress the root filesystem.

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Linux-2.4.x Kernel Version

#cd RT288x_SDK/toolchain/mksquash_lzma-3.0

#make

#make install (install mksquashfs-lzma to

/opt/buildroot-gdb/bin/mksquashfs_lzma-3.0)

Linux-2.6.21.x Kernel Version

#cd RT288x_SDK/toolchain/mksquash_lzma-3.2

#make

#make install (copy mksquashfs/lzma_alone to /opt/buildroot-gdb/bin/)

LZMA_ALONE IS NECESSARY TO MAKE YOUR OWN RAMDISK IMAGE, IF YOU TURN ON

“COMPRESS RAMDISK BY LZMA” FOR RT3052.

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

Machine selection --->

[*] Compress ramdisk by lzma instead of gzip

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6 BOOT LOADER

6.1 Uboot Configuration

# tar jxvf Uboot_{version}_{BETA/FINAL}_{date}.tar.bz2

#cd Uboot

#make menuconfig

1. Set the DRAM Size

DRAM Component:

Row Column

64Mb 12 8

128Mb 12 9

256Mb 13 9

DRAM Bus: 16bits / 32bits

Example:

• W9825G6EH: 4Mx4Banksx16bits SDRAM:

o Row Address: A0-A12, Column address: A0-A8

o DRAM Component=256Mb

o DRAM Bus =16bits

• W981216DH/W9812G6DH: 2Mx4Banksx16bits SDRAM:

o Row Address: A0-A11, Column address: A0-A8

o DRAM Component=128Mb

o DRAM Bus =16bits

• IS42S32800B: 2Mx4Banksx32bits SDRAM:

o Row Address: A0-A11, Column address: A0-A8

o DRAM Component=128Mb

o DRAM Bus =32bits

2. LAN/WAN Partition

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The switch automatically operates in dump switch mode when the board turns on. Clients

on the LAN get the dynamic IP address from the remote DHCP server connected to the WAN

port.

Set the LAN/WAN partition to prevent the Client’s DHCP request being sent to the WAN

side.

6.2 Build the uboot Image

# make

.............

NOR Flash: uboot.bin is located in Uboot/.

# cp uboot.bin /tftpboot

SPI Flash: uboot.img is located in Uboot/

# cp uboot.img /tftpboot

NAND Flash: uboot.img is located in Uboot/

# cp uboot.img /tftpboot

6.3 Burn the uboot image

Press '9' on the Uboot menuconfig, to open the invisible menu.

Set the operation:

1: Load system code to SDRAM via TFTP

2: Load system code then write to Flash via TFTP

3: Boot system code via Flash (default)

4: Enter boot command line interface

5: Load ucos code to SDRAM via TFTP

You chose 9

9: System Load Boot Loader then write to Flash via TFTP.

Warning! Erase Boot Loader in Flash then burn new one. Are you sure? (Y/N) Please Input

new ones /or Ctrl-C to discard

Input device IP (10.10.10.123) ==:

Input server IP (10.10.10.99) ==:

Input Uboot filename (uboot.bin) ==:

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7 USER LIBRARY

7.1 Library Configuration

RT288x_SDK uses ulibc 0.9.28 for user applications. The subsequent instructions show

how to change the default library setting.

# make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[ *] Customize uClibc Settings

Figure 4 uClib configuration Menu

7.2 Library Porting

The subsequent instructions show how to add a new library to the RT288x_SDK.

Example: Port libtest to RT288x_SDK

1. #/ cp -r libtest to RT288x_SDK/source/lib

2. modify RT288x_SDK/source/lib/libtest/Makefile

[you can reference to libnvram/Makefile]

3. modify RT288x_SDK/source/lib/Makefile

ifeq ($(CONFIG_LIB_LIBTEST_FORCE),y)

DIRS += libtest

endif

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ifeq ($(CONFIG_LIB_LIBTEST_FORCE),y)

@$(MAKE) -C libtest shared

endif

4. modify RT288x_SDK/source/config/config.in

bool 'Build libtest' CONFIG_LIB_LIBTEST_FORCE

#/ make menuconfig

You can see the “Build libtest” on the menu.

Figure 5 User Library Configure Menu

5. Compile your new library

#make dep

#make lib_only

7.3 Build user library

# cd RT288x_SDK/source

# make lib_only

# make romfs

.............

The shared libraries are shown in RT288x_SDK /source/romfs/lib

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8 USER APPLICATION

Many useful network applications (e.g. wan protocol, http server, debugging tools, etc.) are

supplied with the RT288x_SDK to make porting easier.

8.1 Ralink Proprietary Applications

8.1.1 ATED

Description: for rt2860 v1.4 ATE test program

Usage: ate

Note:

• Execute ate on the demo board

• Connect directly from the LAN port to the PC

• Execute QA on the PC (wait 30 seconds)

8.1.2 REG

Description: register the read/write test program

Usage: reg [r/w/s] [offset] [value]

Note:

• To use system register: reg s 0

• To use wireless register: reg s 1 To use other base address offset: reg s [offset]

• The rt_rdm module must be put in first

Example:

/ # reg s 0

/ # reg r 18 /* read A0300018 */

/ # reg w 18 12345678 /* write 0x12345678 to A0300018 */

8.1.3 FLASH

Description: flash read/write test program

Usage:

a. read: flash -r [offset(hex)] -c [num of bytes]

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b. write: flash -w [offset(hex)] -o [value(hex)] -c [num of bytes]

c. erase: flash -f [first sector_num] -l [last sector_num

Example:

a. read: flash -r 370000 -c 4

b. write: flash -w 370000 -o 1234 -c 4

c. erase: flash -f 60 -l 61

8.1.4 GPIO

Description: GPIO test program

Usage: GPIO [r/w/i/l]

The name of the GPIO testing user application is “gpio”.

• gpio w: writing test (output)

• gpio r: reading test (input)

• gpio i (<gpio>): interrupt test for GPIO number

• gpio l <gpio> <on> <off> <blinks> <rests> <times>: set led on <gpio>(0~24)

on/off interval, no. of blinking/resting cycles, blinking time

Pin sharing scheme

It is important to know what normal function pins are shared with the GPIO pins. Only one

normal function and GPIO can operate at the same time.

• GPIOMODE: GPIO purpose select)

Configure the pins to use as GPIO.

• PIODIR: programmed I/O direction

Configure the direction of all GPIO pins to use as GPIO.

an output is set as ‘1’, and an input pin is set as ‘0’.

• PIODATA: programmed I/O data

Write data for output GPIO pins, and read data for input GPIO pins. PIOSET,

PIORESET, PIOTOG are also used for adjusting GPIO data bits.

• PIOINT, PIOEDGE, PIORENA, and PIOFMASK should be set when using GPIO pins for

input that causes an interruption.

8.1.5 MII_MGR

Description: mii register read/write test program

Usage:

a. get: mii_mgr -g -p [phy number] -r [register number]

b. set: mii_mgr -s -p [phy number] -r [register number] -v [0xvalue]

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Example:

a. get: mii_mgr -g -p 3 -r 4

b. set: mii_mgr -s -p 4 -r 1 -v 0xff11

Kernel Module:

$SDK/source/$LINUX/drivers/net/raeth/mii_mgr.c

$SDK/source/$LINUX/drivers/net/raeth/ra_ioctl.h

• IOCTL Commands

o RAETH_MII_READ

 Get phy register via the mdc/mdio interface.

o RAETH_MII_WRITE

 Set phy register via the mdc/mdio interface.

• IOCTL interface

typedef struct ralink_mii_ioctl_data {

__u32 phy_id;

__u32 reg_num;;

__u32 val_in;

__u32 val_out;

};

o phy_id: Address of PHY device

o reg_num: Register addresses within PHY device

o val_ine:

 GET: the phy register data that is read from phy

 SET: the current register data after MDIO setting

o Val_out: the phy register data that wants to be set

User applications run mii_mgr commands through the ioctl interface to the raeth driver.

8.1.6 MTD

Description: MTD writing program for firmware update

Usage: mtd_write -r write [file] [device]

Example: mtd_write -r write image.bin mtd4

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8.1.7 NVRAM

Description:

a. get value in NVRAM for RT2860 or INIC platform

b. set value in NVRAM for RT2860 or INIC platform

c. display all configurations in NVRAM, or generate .dat files

nvram_daemon is a daemon and register for NVRAM settings, or setting NVRAM values

referring to a given file. It receives interruptions from GPIO pin 0. If SIGUSR1 is received

(user one-clicked GPIO pin 0 button), nvram_daemon tells the GoAhead web server to start

the WPS PBC procedure by sending it SIGUSR1. If SIGUSR2 is received (user pressed GPIO

pin 0 button for several seconds), nvram_daemon will restore the system configuration to

the default values.

Usage:

a. get: nvram_get [<2860/inic>] <field>

b. set: nvram_set [<2860/inic>] <field>

c. init: ralink_init <command> [<platform>] [<file>]

Commands:

• rt2860_nvram_show (display rt2860 values in nvram)

• inic_nvram_show (display inic values in nvram)

• show (display values in nvram for <platform>)

• gen (generate config file from nvram for <platform>)

• renew (replace nvram values for <platform> with <file>)

Platform:

• 2860 - rt2860 station

• inic - intelligent nic

File: File name for renew command

daemon: nvram_daemon

Example:

a. nvram_get 2860 SSID /* get the SSID */

b. nvram_set 2860 SSID ralink /* set the SSID to ralink */

c. ralink_init gen 2860 /* generate the RT2860 .dat file from NVRAM */

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d. ralink_init show inic /* display the INIC configurations in NVRAM */

e. ralink_init renew 2860 ra.dat /* set NVRAM values for RT2860 platform according

to ra.dat file */

f. nvram_daemon /* start the nvram_daemon */

To avoid accessing NVRAM inconsistently, sdk also supports Kernel mode NVRAM.

$ make menuconfig

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Machine selection --->

8.1.8 SPICMD

Description: SPI Toolkit for SPI EEPROM Read/Write Program...

Usage: spicmd read/write parameters

Note:

• spicmd read the address

• spicmd writes the size address value

• size is 1, 2, 4 bytes

8.1.9 I2CCMD

Description: I2C Toolkit for EEPROM Read/Write via I2C Interface...

Usage: i2ccmd read/write parameters

Note:

• i2ccmd read the address

• i2ccmd write the size address value

• size is 1, 2, 4 bytes

8.1.10 Script

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Description: WebUI configuration script.

Usage: Refer to the script help message.

8.2 goahead

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/

Description: WebUI reference design of the AP/Router Solution.

8.3 nvram library

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/lib/libnvram

Description: Library for nvram_get, nvram_set and ralink_init.

8.4 wsc_upnp

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/WSC_UPNP

Description: Ralink WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) UPNP Daemon

Required library: libupnp, pthread

8.5 iptables

Source code:

RT288x_SDK/source/user/iptables # for Linux-2.4

RT288x_SDK/source/user/ iptables-1.4.0rc1 #for Linux-2.6

Description: Administration tool for IPv4 packet filtering and NAT.

8.6 ntpclient

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ntpclient

Description: ntpclient is an NTP (RFC-1305) client for Unix-like computers. Its functionality

is a small subset of xntpd, but it appears to perform better (or at least has the ability to

function better) within that limited scope. It is much smaller than xntpd and is more

applicable to embedded computers.

8.7 mtd-utils

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ mtd-utils

Description: for jffs2 file system support erase/format…etc. example: mkfs.jffs2, erase,

eraseall

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8.8 ppp-2.4.2

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ ppp-2.4.2

Description: a package which uses the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to supply Internet

connections over serial lines.

8.9 bridge-utils

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ bridge-utils

Description: brctl is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the Ethernet bridge configuration

in the Linux kernel. An Ethernet bridge is a device commonly used to connect different

networks of the Ethernet together, so that the Ethernets will appear as one Ethernet to the

participants. Each of the Ethernets being connected corresponds to one physical interface

in the bridge. These individual Ethernets are bundled into one bigger (’logical’) Ethernet.

This bigger Ethernet corresponds to the bridge network interface.

8.10 wireless_tools

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ wireless_tools

Description: This package contains the Wireless tools. The wireless tools are used to control

the Wireless Extensions. The Wireless Extensions is an interface that lets you set the

Wireless LAN specific parameters and get the specific stats.

8.11 inadyn

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ inadyn

Description: INADYN is a dynamic DNS client. It maintains the IP address of a host name.

It periodically checks if the IP address stored by the DNS server is the real current address

of the machine that is running INADYN

8.12 zebra-0.95a_ripd

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ zebra-0.95a_ripd

Description: GNU Zebra is free software that manages various IPv4 and IPv6 routing

protocols. Currently GNU Zebra supports BGP4, BGP4+, OSPFv2, OSPFv3, RIPv1, RIPv2,

and RIPng.

8.13 wpa_supplicant-0.5.7

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Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ wpa_supplicant-0.5.7

Description: WPA Supplicant (Supported WPA/IEEE 802.11i)

8.14 totd-1.5

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ totd-1.5

Description: Totd is a small DNS proxy nameserver that supports IPv6 only hosts/networks

that communicate with the IPv4 world using some translation mechanism.

8.15 samba-3.0.2

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ samba-3.0.2

Description: Samba is an Open Source/Free Software suite that has, since 1992, provided

file and print services to all manner of SMB/CIFS clients, including the numerous versions

of Microsoft Windows operating systems. Samba is freely available under the GNU General

Public License.

8.16 radvd-1.0

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ radvd-1.0

Description: The router advertisement daemon (radvd) is run by Linux or BSD systems

acting as IPv6 routers. It sends Router Advertisement messages, specified by RFC 2461, to

a local Ethernet LAN periodically and when requested by a node sending a Router

Solicitation message. These messages are required for IPv6 stateless auto configuration.

8.17 pptp-client

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ pptp-client

Description: pptp is an implementation of the PPTP protocol for Linux and other Unix

systems.

8.18 rp-l2tp-0.4

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ rp-l2tp-0.4

Description: This is a user-space implementation of L2TP (RFC 2661) for Linux

8.19 ctorrent-dnh3.2

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Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ ctorrent-dnh3.2

Description: CTorrent is a BitTorrent Client program written in C/C++ for FreeBSD and

Linux. CTorrent is fast and small.

8.20 dhcp6

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ dhcp6

Description: DHCPv6 is a stateful address auto-configuration protocol for IPv6, a

counterpart to IPv6 stateless address auto-configuration protocol. It can be used

independently or coexist with its counterpart protocol. This protocol uses client/server

mode of operation but also provides support through a Relay Agent. It is currently being

defined by IETF DHC WG. The specification is still in the draft form.

8.21 dnsmasq-2.40

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ dnsmasq-2.40

Description: Dnsmasq is a lightweight, easy to configure DNS forwarder and DHCP server.

It is designed to provide DNS and, optionally, DHCP, to a small network. It can serve the

names of local machines which are not in the global DNS. The DHCP server integrates with

the DNS server and allows machines with DHCP-allocated addresses to appear in the DNS

with names configured either in each host or in a central configuration file. Dnsmasq

supports static and dynamic DHCP leases and BOOTP/TFTP for network booting of diskless

machines.

8.22 igmpproxy

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ igmpproxy

Description: IGMPproxy is a simple mulitcast router for Linux that only uses the IGMP

protocol.

8.23 matrixssl-1.8.3

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ matrixssl-1.8.3

Description: MatrixSSL is an embedded SSL implementation designed for small footprint

applications and devices. It is an open-source software package available under the GNU

license. It consists of a single library file with a simple API set that an application writer can

use to secure their application.

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8.24 rp-pppoe-3.8

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ rp-pppoe-3.8

Description: pppoe is a user-space redirector which permits the use of PPPoE

(Point-to-Point Over Ethernet) with Linux. PPPoE is used by many DSL service providers.

8.25 usb_modeswitch-0.9.5

Source code: RT288x_SDK/source/user/ usb_modeswitch-0.9.5

Description: USB_ModeSwitch is (surprise!) a small mode switching tool for controlling "flip

flop" (multiple device) USB gear. Several new USB devices (especially high-speed WAN

stuff, they're expensive anyway) have their MS Windows drivers onboard; when plugged in

for the first time they act like a flash storage and start installing the driver from there.

After that (and on every consecutive plugging) this driver switches the mode internally,

the storage device vanishes (in most cases), and a new device (like an USB modem) shows

up. Some call that feature "ZeroCD".

8.26 Port new user application

Example: Add hello application to /bin

(a) Create hello directory in RT288x_SDK/source/user

#mkdir RT288x_SDK/source/use/hello

(b) Add Makefile to RT288x_SDK/source/user/hello

EXEC = hello

OBJS = hello.o

CFLAGS +=

all: $(EXEC)

$(EXEC): $(OBJS)

$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS)

romfs:

$(ROMFSINST) /bin/$(EXEC)

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clean:

-rm -f $(EXEC) *.elf *.gdb *.o

main()

{

printf("hello world\n");

}

(d) Edit RT288x_SDK/source/config/config.in

mainmenu_option next_comment

comment 'XXX Add-on Applications'

bool 'hello_world' CONFIG_USER_HELLO_WORLD

endmenu

(e) Edit RT288x_SDK/source/user/Makefile

dir_$(CONFIG_USER_HELLO_WORLD) += hello

(f) Turn on hello application

#make menuconfig

[*] hello_world (NEW)

(g) Build new image

#make dep

#make

(h) check file is correct

#cd RT288x_SDK/source/romfs/bin

#file hello

#hello: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-II version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked

(uses shared libs), stripped

(i) Testing

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BusyBox v1.4.2 (2007-05-04 11:15:35 CST) Built-in shell (ash)

Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

/ #

/ # hello

hello world

/ #

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9 LINUX KERNEL

9.1 Linux configuration

# cd RT288x_SDK/source

# make menuconfig

1. Use 'Select the Product you wish to target' to set the target platform.

2. Use the ‘Flash/SDRAM Size’

DRAM for pure AP solution (pass Vista basic logo and Wi-Fi

de)

sh and 32M DRAM for complete AP/NAS solution, including USB

applications)

Note:

/Save User/Kernel Default setting.

4. Save the target platform setting to a file.

l/Library/Defaults Selection' to open the configuration menu. Use 'Default all

settings'.

• 2M/16M: 2M Flash and 16M

certification b/g/n logo)

• 4M/16M: 4M Flash and 16M DRAM for complete AP solution, including AP, STA mo

• 8M/32M: 8M Fla

1. Choose the target platform type (RT2880 or RT3052 or RT3883.)

2. Modify the User/Kernel Configuration or Load

3. Load the target platform setting from a file

Use 'Kerne

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3. Go out of the configuration menu and save the new kernel configuration.

The script gets all user/kernel default settings back. The subsequent message is shown

after getting the default settings back.

*** End of Linux kernel configuration.

*** Check the top-level Makefile for additional configuration.

*** Next, you must run 'make dep'.

Note: The default configuration file is stored in a different file, referring to the ‘Flash/DRAM

size’ settings. Go to

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT2880/RT3052/RT3883}/config to see all the

default setting files.

a. Busybox default configuration files

9 2M_16M_config.busybox-2.4.x/2M_16M_config.busybox-2.6.21.x

9 4M_16M_config.busybox-2.4.x/4M_16M_config.busybox-2.6.21.x

9 8M_16M_config.busybox-2.4.x/8M_16M_config.busybox-2.6.21.x

b. User application default configure file

9 2M_16M_config.vendor-2.4.x/2M_16M_config.vendor-2.6.21.x

9 4M_16M_config.vendor-2.4.x/4M_16M_config.vendor-2.6.21.x

9 8M_16M_config.vendor-2.4.x/8M_16M_config.vendor-2.6.21.x

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c. uClibc default configure file

9 4M_16M_config.uclibc-2.4.x/4M_16M_config.uclibc-2.6.21.x

9 2M_16M_config.uclibc-2.4.x/2M_16M_config.uclibc-2.6.21.x

9 8M_16M_config.uclibc-2.4.x8M_16M_config.uclibc-2.6.21.x

d. Linux kernel 2.4/2.6 default configure file

9 2M_16M_config.linux-2.4.x/2M_16M_config.linux-2.6.21.x

9 4M_16M_config.linux-2.4.x/4M_16M_config.linux-2.6.21.x

9 8M_16M_config.linux-2.4.x/8M_16M_config.linux-2.6.21.x

9.2 Change Flash/DRAM Size

Change the DRAM size setting using “make menuconfig” if you increase or decrease the

size of DRAM.

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings (NEW)

Machine selection --->

z Linux 2.4

(RT2880-ASIC) RT2880 Chip Type

(32M) DRAM Size

(4M) Flash Size

z Linux 2.6

System type (Ralink RT3052 board) --->

Soc Hardware Type (RT3052-ASIC) --->

DRAM Size (32M) --->

Root File System Type (RootFS_in_RAM) --->

9.3 Change Switch Controller in RT2880 Platform

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The RT288x_SDK supports the IC+ 175C/D switch controller on the RT2880 platform at

this time. You can use ‘make menuconfig’ to adjust the switch controller settings.

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Network device support --->

Ralink Driver --->

W/LLLL in the LAN/WAN Partition item means P0 is a WAN port, and LLLL/W means P4 is

WAN Port. The switch is configured by the script, not the Ethernet driver. Please see

config-vlan.sh in RT288x_SDK/source/user/rt2880_app/ scripts.

Figure 6 IC+ 10/100 Switch Operation Diagram

9.4 Update User/Kernel default settings

Modify the default setting if necessary. Select the 'Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection' item

to enter the kernel/application configuration menu. After entering the menu, select the

'Update Default Vendor Settings' item to update the User/Kernel default settings. (Note:

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the new default setting will be saved in

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT2880/RT3052/RT3883}/config)

Select “Exit” to leave the configuration menu. Select “Yes” to save the new kernel

configuration.

The script updates the User/Kernel default settings.

9.5 Compile Linux image

#make dep

#make

The following files in RT288x_SDK/images, and ${user}_uImage will be copied to /tftpboot

by default.

a. ramdisk.gz - root file system

b. ${user}_uImage - Linux image (Linux kernel+rootfs)

c. zImage.{gz/lzma} - compressed Linux kernel

Note: What kinds of "make" can be used?

a. make Linux image if you modify kernel source files

b. make modules romfs Linux image if you modify the kernel module source files

c. make user_only romfs Linux image if you modify application source files

d. You can execute "make" to generate a new image (make = make lib_only user_only

modules romfs Linux image)

9.6 Port new Linux kernel module

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Example: Port the hello networking module to the RT2880 platform

1. Add the source code to the rt2880 directory

# mkdir RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/net/hello

#vi RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/net/hello/Makefile

O_TARGET := hello.o

obj-y := main.o

obj-m := $(O_TARGET)

include $(TOPDIR)/Rules.make

#vi RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/net/hello/main.c

#include <linux/init.h>

#include <linux/module.h>

static int hello_init(void)

{

printk("hello world\n");

return 0;

}

static void hello_exit(void)

{

printk("goodbye\n");

}

module_init(hello_init);

module_exit(hello_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

2. Modify RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/net/Makefile

subdir-$(CONFIG_RT2880_HELLO) += hello

3. Modify Config.in

tristate ' Ralink hello module' CONFIG_RT2880_HELLO

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4. Turn on the hello module

#make menuconfig

<M> Ralink hello module

5. Compile the source code

#make dep

#make

6. Test

/ # insmod hello

hello world

/ #

9.7 Execute commands at boot up time

Edit RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT2880/rcS

#!/bin/sh

mount –a

goahead& <-- add new command here

9.8 Add new files in RootFs

If you execute the "make clean" script, it will delete RT288x_SDK/source/romfs directory.

You cannot copy the file to RT288x_SDK/source/romfs manually because it will disappear

after executing "make clean".

Example: add xxx.bin to rootfs

a. copy xxx.bin to

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT2880/RT3052/RT3883/RT3352/RT5350}

b. edit

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT2880/RT3052/RT3883/RT3352/RT5350}

/Makefile

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romfs:

$(ROMFSINST) /etc_ro/xxx.bin

The script will copy xxx.bin to RT288x_SDK/source/romfs/etc_ro after executing "make

romfs"

9.9 Image DownSize

The MTD partitions are subsequently shown.

RootFS in RAM Mode

mtd 0 uboot 0x0

mtd 1 config 0x30000

mtd 2 RF 0x40000

mtd 3 Kernel/RootFS

0x50000

0x400000

RootFS in Flash Mode

mtd 0 Uboot 0x0

mtd 1 Config 0x30000

mtd 2 RF 0x40000

mtd 3

Kernel 0x50000

Padding <menuconfig>

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mtd 4 Root FS

0x400000

In RootFS in Flash mode, the image builder will add a padding bit to the end of kernel image

if the kernel image size is smaller than the size of mtd3. The size of mtd3 must be adjusted

to save flash memory.

Step1: Check the original kernel image size (ex: 446603)

#make image

.......

#===========<SquashFS Info>=================

# Original Kernel Image Size

576110 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma

# Padded Kernel Image Size

786368 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma

# Original RootFs Size

4329746 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/romfs

# Compressed RootFs Size

1069056 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/images/ramdisk

# Padded Kernel Image + Compressed Rootfs Size

1855424 /home/steven/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma

#=========================================== ......

Step2: Change mtdblock size

576110=0x8CA6E -> 0x90000 (multiple of 0x10000 because the flash

sector size=64KB)

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mtd 0 Uboot 0x0

mtd 1 Config 0x30000

mtd 2 RF 0x40000

mtd 3

Kernel 0x50000

Padding 0xE0000

mtd 4 Root FS 0x400000

host:$ make menuconfig

Hit 'Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection' to enter configuration menu.

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10 FLASH LAYOUT AND FIRMWARE UPGRADE

10.1 Flash Layout

Figure 7 Ralink SDK Flash Layout (4MB)

In the ‘user configure switch parameter’ partition, the WLAN0 configuration is for built-in

RT2860 parameters, the WLAN1 configuration is for iNIC parameters, and the WLAN2

configuration is for RT2561 parameters. Use the free space to save your own parameters if

you don’t need to support iNIC or RT2561 on your product.

10.2 Firmware Upgrade

10.2.1 By Uboot

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1. Select option 2 on the UBoot menu to burn the Linux image from 0x50000 to

0x400000.

2. Select option 9 on the Uboot menu to update your uboot from 0x0 to 0x30000.

10.2.2 By WebUI

You can use WebUI to upgrade the Linux image.

Figure 8 WebUI Firmware Upgrade

CGI uses the mtd_write command to burn a Linux image.

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z File system in RAM - Burn Linux image to mtdblock3 (Kernel)

z File system in Flash - Burn first x bytes to mtdblock3, and others to mtdblock4 (ps.

X byes = MTTD kernel partition size in “make menuconfig”

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11 FAQ

11.1 RT2880 Default password/UART/networking setting

Table 4 Networking Setting

LAN IP Address 10.10.10.254

Subnet 255.255.255.0

WAN IP Address DHCP

Table 5 UART Setting

Item Value

Baud Rate 57600

Data bits 8

Parity None

Stop Bit 1

Flow Control None

Table 6 Web Setting

Item Default Value

User Name:

admin

Password:

admin

11.2 System requirements for the host platform

RT2880 SDK uses Fedora 6 Host to build the image. Change your Linux distribution if you

cannot successfully build the image.

Table 7 Requirements of Host Platform

Item Value

Linux Distribution

Fedora 6

Kernel version 2.6.18-1.2798.fc6

RAM 512MB

HD 40G

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11.3 How to add new default parameter in flash

There are four default settings In RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT2880, based on

different platforms.

• RT2860_default_vlan: IC+ ( gateway mode)/Vitesse Platform

• RT2860_default_novlan: IC+ (bridge mode)/Marvell 1000 Phy platform

• RT2860_default_oneport: IC+ 100 Phy platform

• RT2561_default: RT2561 PCI NIC (RT2860+RT2561 concurrent)

11.3.1 Example 1

Add a new default parameter - WHOAMI for IC+ platform

1. Edit RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT2880/ RT2860_default_vlan, and add

the following line.

WHOAMI=steven

2. Push “wps/load_default” button or execute the following commands

#ralink_init clear 2860

#reboot

3. Use nvram_get to retrieve WHOAMI parameter in script file

(RT288x_SDK/source/user/rt2880_app/scripts), or nvram_bufset, nvram_bufget,

nvram_commit in your CGI(RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/src) to use your

feature.

11.3.2 Example 2

Save the RADIO ON/OFF button in WebUI to flash:

1. Add a line to RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT2880/ RT2860_default_vlan

for the default value:

RadioOn=1

2. Modify RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/src/wireless.c, function wirelessBasic()

to save the radio on/off value to flash:

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radio = websGetVar(wp, T("radiohiddenButton"), T("2"));

if (!strncmp(radio, "0", 2)) {

nvram_bufset(RT2860_NVRAM, "RadioOn", radio);

doSystem("ifconfig ra0 down");

websRedirect(wp, "wireless/basic.asp");

return;

}

else if (!strncmp(radio, "1", 2)) {

nvram_bufset(RT2860_NVRAM, "RadioOn", radio);

doSystem("ifconfig ra0 up");

websRedirect(wp, "wireless/basic.asp");

return;

}

3. Modify the RT288x_SDK/source/user/rt2880_app/scripts/internet.sh script not to

bring ra0 up if RadioOn value stored in flash is not 1. Change “ifconfig ra0 0.0.0.0”

to…

radio=`nvram_get 2860 RadioOn`

if [ "$radio" = "1" ]

ifconfig ra0 0.0.0.0 up

else

ifconfig ra0 0.0.0.0 down

11.4 Enable Ethernet Converter Feature

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The Wi-Fi Interface on the RT2880 platform should be configured for STA mode. All PCs

under the RT2880 GMAC port connect to the AP via the RT2880 platform.

Figure 9 Ethernet Converter Operation Diagram

If the RT2880 platform can be operated as an AP or Ethernet converter by WebUI

Configuration, make sure STA support and AP support as a Linux module is on in the

rt2860v2 driver.

Turn on the rt2860v2 STA support if the RT2880 platform is an Ethernet converter only.

Select the operation mode on the “Operation Mode Configuration” web page.

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rt2860v2_sta.o

Figure 10 WebUI - STA Mode Setting



11.5 Change RF chip from RT2820 to RT2850 on the RT2880 platform

The QA program can burn an RT2850 EEPROM binary file. Click the “Load File” button and

choose your own EEPROM binary file. The QA program will immediately burn the binary file

to flash.

Figure 11 QA – Burn your own EEPROM binary file

11.6 How to change the Ethernet MAC address

The Ralink Ethernet driver uses GMAC0_ADDR to save its LAN/WAN mac address. If

GMAC0_ADDR is empty, it will generate a random mac address instead.

#define GMAC0_ADDR (RT_EEPROM_BASE + 0x28)

#define GMAC1_ADDR (RT_EEPROM_BASE + 0x2E)

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Note: If you need the LAN/WAN Ports to have different MAC addresses, adjust the Ethernet

driver to get GMAC0_ADDR for LAN, and GMAC1_ADDR for WAN.

Use the QA program to modify your flash content.

Figure 12 QA – Modify GMAC Mac address

11.7 How to configure GPIO ports

$SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/char/ralink_gpio.c

$SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/drivers/char/ralink_gpio.h

• RALINK_GPIO_SET_DIR - Configure the direction of the GPIO pins using bitmaps. Bit

1 is for output, and bit 0 is for input. For example, value 0x5 is for configuring GPIO

pin 0 and 2 as output pins, and the other pins as input pins.

• RALINK_GPIO_SET_DIR_IN - Configure one or several GPIO pins as input pins using

bitmaps. For example, value 0x5 is for configuring GPIO pin 0 and 2 as input pins,

and other pins are ignored.

• RALINK_GPIO_SET_DIR_OUT - Configure one or several GPIO pins as output pins

using bitmaps. For example, value 0x5 is for configuring GPIO pin 0 and 2 as output

pins, and other pins are ignored.

• RALINK_GPIO_READ - Read the value from the GPIO data.

• RALINK_GPIO_WRITE - Write a value to the GPIO data.

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• RALINK_GPIO_SET - Set a value with corresponding bits on to the GPIO data. For

example, value 0x5 means GPIO data bit 0 and 2 will be set to 1, and the other bits

will be ignored.

• RALINK_GPIO_CLEAR - Clear a value with corresponding bits off the GPIO data. For

example, value 0x5 means GPIO data bit 0 and 2 will clear to 0, and other bits will

be ignored.

• RALINK_GPIO_READ_BIT - Read the corresponding bit from the GPIO data. For

example, bit 2 means read the third bit from GPIO data.

• RALINK_GPIO_WRITE_BIT - Write a corresponding bit to the GPIO data. For example,

bit 2 and value 1 mean to write value 1 to the third bit of GPIO data.

• RALINK_GPIO_READ_BYTE - Read the corresponding byte from the GPIO data. For

example, byte 2 means to read the third byte from GPIO data.

• RALINK_GPIO_WRITE_BYTE - Write a corresponding byte to the GPIO data. For

example, byte 2 and value 0x33 mean to write value 0x33 to the third byte of the

GPIO data.

• RALINK_GPIO_READ_INT - Same as RALINK_GPIO_READ.

• RALINK_GPIO_WRITE_INT - Same as RALINK_GPIO_WRITE.

• RALINK_GPIO_SET_INT - Same as RALINK_GPIO_SET.

• RALINK_GPIO_CLEAR_INT - Same as RALINK_GPIO_CLEAR.

• RALINK_GPIO_ENABLE_INTP - Enable GPIO input interrupt.

• RALINK_GPIO_DISABLE_INT - Disable GPIO input interrupt.

RALINK_GPIO_REG_IRQ - Register to receive an interruption from a GPIO pin. When the

GPIO pin is interrupted, a signal SIGUSR1 or SIGUSR2 will be sent to the registered user

process id. SIGUSR1 is sent when the GPIO pin has been clicked once, and SIGUSR2 is send

when the GPIO pin has been pressed for several seconds.

11.8 Use GPIO to turn on LED

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The following tables show the current GPIO definition for

RT2880/RT3052/RT3883/RT3352/RT5350.

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Table 8 GPIO Usage of RT2880

Table 9 GPIO Usage of RT3052

Table 10 GPIO Usage of RT3883/RT3662

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RT3883/RT3662

Ball # Ball

name Function Description

K9 GPIO0 WPS LED

Use for WPS LED on

Reference board.

K8 GPIO1 GPHYRST_N

Use for Giga Switch reset

on Reference board.

L9 GPIO2

Band

selection RF 2.4GHz/5GHz Band

selection.

L8 GPIO3 WPS_PB WPS Push Button.

G14 GPIO4 SWRST_N_PB

Factory Default Push

Button.

H14 GPIO5

Boot

Strapping Boot Strapping

H12 GPIO6

Boot

Strapping Boot Strapping

H13 GPIO7

Boot

Strapping Boot Strapping

G12 GPIO8 NC

Reserved for internal

use.

The Ralink SDK GPIO driver gives an interface to set the frequency of the LEDs connected

to the GPIOs.

Define RALINK_GPIO_LED_LOW_ACT to 1 at $SDK/linux-2.4.x/drivers/char/ralink_gpio.h

if the LEDs are inactive. Otherwise, define it as 0.

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings (NEW)

Character devices --->

[*] Ralink RT2880 GPIO Support

[*] Ralink GPIO LED Support

The LED can be set to blink in different ways if RALINK_GPIO_LED has been built enabled.

The argument for RALINK_GPIO_LED_SET is ralink_gpio_led_info structure:

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typedef struct {

int gpio

unsigned int on

unsigned int off

unsigned int blinks

unsigned int rests;

unsigned int times;

} ralink_gpio_led_info;

Write the application to set the LED frequency through the ioctl interface of the GPIO device.

Use the example application, gpio.

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Ralink RT288x Application --->

[ ] RT2880 GPIO Test

Usage:

gpio l <gpio> <on> <off> <blinks> <rests> <times>

• gpio: GPIO number of the board

• on: number of ticks that the LED will be bright

• off: number of ticks that the LED will be dark

• blinks: number of on-offs that the LED will blink

• rests: number of on-offs that the LED will rest

• times: number of blinks before the LED stops

Note: 1 tick is equal to 100ms. The maximum number is 4000 at this time.

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Figure 13 LED Definition of WPS Specification

Using the WPS PBC status LED as an example, the configurations would be:

• InProgress: gpio l <gpio> 2 1 4000 0 4000 (i.e. 2 ticks bright, 1 tick dark, blinking

forever.)

• Error: gpio l <gpio> 1 1 4000 0 4000 (i.e. 1 tick bright, 1 tick dark, blinking forever.)

• Session Overlap Detected: gpio l <gpio> 1 1 10 5 4000 (i.e. 1 tick bright, 1 tick dark,

blinking for 10 on-offs, resting for 5 on-offs, and never stops.)

• Success: gpio l <gpio> 3000 1 1 1 1 (i.e. 3000 ticks bright, 1 tick dark, blinking for one

on-offs and one time.)

• To turn the LED on and keep it on: gpio l <gpio> 4000 0 1 0 4000

• To turn the LED off and keep it off: gpio l <gpio> 0 4000 0 1 4000

11.9 Use LED firmware to turn on LED

1. enable LED firmware

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Network device support --->

Ralink Driver --->

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2. Fill out flash content to control the LED behavior because the LED firmware will read

the configuration from flash.

Table 11 RT2880 LED Parameters in Flash

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The current Ralink default flash hex values are subsequently shown.

RT2880 Flash Base Address=0x40000

• 4003B: 1 controlled by firmware

• 4003C: 55 LED A/G don’t care

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• 4003D: 77 LED A/G don’t care

• 4003E: A8 LED ACT radio off = solid on/off

• 4003F: AA LED ACT blink when transmitting data & management packet

• 40040: 8C LED Act positive polarity when radio off -> solid off

• 40041: 88 LED Act negative polarity when link to A/G -> blink

11.10 How to start the telnet server

Check RT288x_SDK/source/user/busybox/.config

11.10.1 busybox setting

CONFIG_FEATURE_DEVPTS=y Î General Configuration

CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID=y Î General Configuration

CONFIG_LOGIN=y Î Login/Password Management Utilities

CONFIG_TELNETD=y Î Networking utilities

CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_STANDALONE=y

Check RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.4.x/.config

11.10.2 Linux setting

CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS=y Î Character devices

CONFIG_UNIX98_PTY_COUNT=256

CONFIG_DEVPTS_FS=y Î File systems

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Figure 14 Configuration Procedure of Telnet Server

11.11 11n bit rate derivation

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MAC driver. The MAC driver refers to the three

subsequent factors.

t rate is primarily given by the PHY layer.

s, 20MHz and 40MHz.

MHz] = 108/52

769230769230769231

b. Example:

I=800ns, BW=20MHz, DataRate = 130Mbps

(40Mhz) /

Nsd(2 ]

= 130 * [108 / 52 ]

c. Please refer to “IEEE P802.11n/D2.04, J n page 314 for subsequent

table.

1. The 11n bit rate is calculated by the

a. MCS

b. BW

c. GI

Note: the bi

2. Bandwidth: Data subcarriers on different bandwidth

a. NSD: Number of data subcarriers.

NSD[40Mhz] = 108

NSD[20Mhz] = 52

NSD[40Mhz]/NSD[20

= 2.0769230769230

MCS=15, G

MCS=15, GI=800ns, BW=40MHz, DataRate = 130 * [Nsd

0Mhz)

= 270Mbps

une 2007” o

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3. Guard Interval:

a. Definition:

Tsym: 4μs ;Symbol Interval

Tsyms: 3.6μs ;Symbol interval of Short GI.

b. Ratio of symbol interval on GI, refer to below EWC PHY Sepc.

Tsym / Tsyms = 4μsec / 3.6μsec = 10/9

c. Example:

MCS=15, 40MHz Bandwidth, and 400ns Short Guard Interval.

270.0 * (10/9) = 300.0 for Short GI.

d. Reference:

1) IEEE 802.11n draft 2.04, page 316 and

Table 211—MCS parameters for optional 40 MHz, NSS = 2, NES = 1, EQM (#665)

MCS

Index Modulation R NBPSCS(iSS) NSD NSP NCBPS NDBPS

Data rate

(Mb/s)

800

ns GI

400 ns

8 BPSK 1/2

1 108

6 216 108 27.0 30.0

9 QPSK 1/2

2 108

6 432 216 54.0 60.0

10 QPSK 3/4

2 108

6 432 324 81.0 90.0

11 16-QAM 1/2

4 108

6 864 432 108.0

120.0

12 16-QAM 3/4

4 108

6 864 648 162.0

180.0

13 64-QAM 2/3

6 108

6 1296

864 216.0

240.0

14 64-QAM 3/4

6 108

6 1296

972 243.0

270.0

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15 64-QAM 5/6

6 108

6 1296

1080 270.0

300.0

2) EWC PHY spec. page 13.

3) EWC PHY spec. page 13.

11.12 How to build a single image for the flash programmer

Example: Make a 4M single image for the rt2880 platform (the Uboot partition is 192K, user

configuration partition is 64K, and RF partition is 64K)

# RT288x_SDK/tools/single_img

#vi Makefile.4M

# Change uboot/kernel size if necessary

UBOOT_SIZE = 0x50000

KERNEL_SIZE = 0x3B0000

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#-----------------------------------------------

USER_NAME = $(shell whoami)

# Uboot Image Information

UBOOT_DIR = .

UBOOT_IMAGE = uboot.bin

# Linux Kernel Image Information

KERNEL_DIR = .

KERNEL_IMAGE = steven_uImage

# Single Image Information

PACKED_DIR = .

PACKED_IMAGE = steven_uImage.img

#cp /tftpboot/uboot.bin .

#cp /tftpboot/steven_uImage .

#make –f Makefile.4M

Flash layout:

+-----------+--------+--------+-----------------------------+

+-----------+--------+--------+-----------------------------+

|<--------0x50000-------->|<-------0x3B0000------>|

-Original Uboot Image Size

149372 ./uboot.bin

- Original Kernel Image Size

2779348 ./steven_uImage

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- Packed Image Size

4194304 ./steven_uImage.img

#ls –l

-rw-r--r-- 1 steven users 3831 Jun 24 19:00 Makefile.16M

-rw-r--r-- 1 steven users 2865 Jun 27 13:27 Makefile.4M

-rw-r--r-- 1 steven users 3744 Jun 24 19:00 Makefile.8M

-rw-r--r-- 1 steven users 2779348 Jun 27 13:34 steven_uImage

-rwxr-xr-x 1 steven users 4194304 Jun 27 13:36 steven_uImage.img*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 steven users 149372 Jun 27 13:34 uboot.bin*

The single image can now be burned using the flash programmer.

11.13 How to power down the rt305x Ethernet ports

Port

Map

MII control register

Bit Name Description Read/Write Default

15 mr_main_reset 1=Reset: 0=Normal,

reset all digital logic, except

phy_reg

R/ W; SC 1’h0

14 loopback_mii Mii loop back R/W 1’h0

13 force_speed 1 = 100Mbps: 0=10Mbps, when

mr_autoneg_enable = 1’b0

R/W 1’h1

12 mr_autoneg_enable 1= Enabled: 0=Normal R/W 1’h1

11 powerDown phy into power down (power

down analog TX analog RX,

analog AD)

R/W 1’h0

10 reserved RO 1’h0

9 mr_restart_negotiation 1 = Restart Auto-Negotiation:

0 = Normal

R/W; SC 1’h0

8 force_duplex 1 = Full Duplex: 0 = Half Duplex,

when mr_autoneg_enable = 1’b0

R/W;PC 1’h1

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7:0 RESERVED RO 8h00

User Space:

# mii_mgr -s -p 0 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 0 register0 bit11

Set: phy[0].reg[0] = 3900

# mii_mgr -s -p 1 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 1 register0 bit11

Set: phy[1].reg[0] = 3900

# mii_mgr -s -p 2 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 2 register0 bit11

Set: phy[2].reg[0] = 3900

# mii_mgr -s -p 3 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 3 register0 bit11

Set: phy[3].reg[0] = 3900

# mii_mgr -s -p 4 -r 0 -v 0x3900 //set port 4 register0 bit11

Set: phy[4].reg[0] = 3900

Kernel Space:

extern u32 mii_mgr_read( unsigned int , unsigned int, unsigned int *);

extern u32 mii_mgr_write( unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int);

mii_mgr_write( 0, 0, 0x3900) //set port 0 register0 bit11

mii_mgr_write( 1, 0, 0x3900) //set port 1 register0 bit11

mii_mgr_write( 2, 0, 0x3900) //set port 2 register0 bit11

mii_mgr_write( 3, 0, 0x3900) //set port 3 register0 bit11

mii_mgr_write( 4, 0, 0x3900) //set port 4 register0 bit11

You also need to set POC[27:23] to disable Phy port.

RT288x_SDK/source/linux-2.6.21.x/drivers/net/raeth/rather.c)

*(unsigned long *)(0xb0110090) = 0x0??07f7f;

11.14 How to enable NFS client

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#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection--->

Networking options --->

[*] IP: kernel level autoconfiguration

File systems --->

Network File Systems --->

Linux 2.4:

<*> NFS file system support

[*] Provide NFSv3 client support

[*] Allow direct I/O on NFS files (EXPERIMENTAL)

[*] Root file system on NFS

Linux 2.6

<*> NFS file system support

[*] Provide NFSv3 client support

[*] Provide client support for the NFSv3 ACL protocol extension

[*] Provide NFSv4 client support (EXPERIMENTAL)

[*] Allow direct I/O on NFS files

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection--->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings (NEW)

[*] Customize Busybox Settings

Linux System Utilities--->

[*] mount

[ ] Support mount helpers

[*] Support mounting NFS file systems

Example:

# mount -o nolock 192.168.18.21:/tftpboot /mnt

# mount

……………………….

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/dev/sda1 on /media/sda1 type vfat

(rw,fmask=0000,dmask=0000,codepage=cp437,iocharset=iso8859-1)

192.168.18.21:/tftpboot on /mnt type nfs

(rw,vers=3,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,hard,nolock,proto=udp,timeo=7,retrans=3,sec=s

ys,addr=192.168.18.21)

11.15 How to add a new language to the web UI

The following instructions are an example and show how to add the Korean language to

the web UI.

1. Copy all the xml files under RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/lang/en to

RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/lang/kr and translate the “msgstr” part

in those files.

(Note: the translation should be UTF-8 encoded)

2. Add an entry to RT288x_SDK/source/config/config.in:

dep_bool ' language pack - Korean' CONFIG_USER_GOAHEAD_LANG_KR

$CONFIG_USER_GOAHEAD_HTTPD

3. Add an entry toRT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/Makefile:

ifneq ("$(CONFIG_USER_GOAHEAD_LANG_KR)", "y")

rm -rf $(ROMFSDIR)/$(ROOT_DIRECTORY)/lang/kr

endif

4. RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/src/utils.c:

Add to ‘getLangBuilt’ function:

else if (!strncmp(lang, "kr", 5))

#ifdef CONFIG_USER_GOAHEAD_LANG_KR

return websWrite(wp, T("1"));

#else

return websWrite(wp, T("0"));

#endif

5. RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/overview.asp

Add to ‘initValue’ function:

var lang_kr = "<% getLangBuilt("kr"); %>";

if (lang_kr == "1")

lang_element.options[lang_element.length] = new Option('Korean', 'kr');

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6. RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/adm/management.asp

Add to ‘initValue’ function:

var lang_kr = "<% getLangBuilt("kr"); %>";

if (lang_kr == "1")

lang_element.options[lang_element.length] = new Option('Korean', 'kr');

7. RT288x_SDK/source/user/goahead/web/home.asp

Fix ‘initLanguage’ function

8. make menuconfig

Customize Vendor/User Settings ---> Network Applications ---> select Korean

language pack

11.16 How to enable watchdog

z User mode Watchdog:

$ make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Device Drivers --->

Character devices --->

Watchdog Cards --->

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Miscellaneous Applications --->

Finally, Enable watchdog in WebUI.

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z Kernel mode Watchdog:

$ make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Machine selection --->

11.17 How to enable USB storage on the RT305x platform

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings (NEW)

Device Drivers --->

SCSI device support --->

<*> SCSI device support

<*> SCSI disk support

USB support --->

<*> Support for Host-side USB

[*] USB verbose debug messages

[*] USB device filesystem

<*> USB Mass Storage support

[*] USB Mass Storage verbose debug

File systems --->

<*> Filesystem in Userspace support

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DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems --->

<*> VFAT (Windows-95) fs support

(437) Default codepage for FAT (NEW)

(iso8859-1) Default iocharset for FAT (NEW)

Partition Types --->

[*] Advanced partition selection

[*] PC BIOS (MSDOS partition tables) support (NEW)

Native Language Support --->

(iso8859-1) Default NLS Option

<*> Codepage 437 (United States, Canada)

<*> Traditional Chinese charset (Big5)

<*> NLS ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1; Western European

Languages)

<*> NLS UTF-8

Ralink Module --->

<M> RALINK DWC_OTG support

[ ] enable debug mode

[*] HOST ONLY MODE

[ ] DEVICE ONLY MODE

CAUTION: THE KERNEL SIZE CANNOT BE BIGGER THAN THE MTD KERNEL PARTITION

SIZE IN ROOTFS IN FLASH MODE.

#=====================================================

========

# Original Kernel Image Size

1033369 /home/steven/rt3052/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma

# Padded Kernel Image Size

1048512 /home/steven/rt3052/RT288x_SDK/source/images/zImage.lzma

# Original RootFs Size

…………….

11.18 How to enable USB automount on the RT305x platform

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#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Busybox Settings

Linux System Utilities --->

[*] mdev

[*] Support /etc/mdev.conf

[ ] Support subdirs/symlinks (NEW)

[*] Support command execution at device addition/removal

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Miscellaneous Applications --->

[*] ntfs-3g

11.19 How to enable software QoS

To support the Ralink SW QoS, many menuconfig options in Ralink SDK must be

enabled, including in kernel and application configs.

Kernel IMQ config:

Since the Intermediate Queueing (IMQ) pseudo device are used to support Ralink SW

QoS, it must be enabled first, or some needed options in Netfilter configs won’t show up due

to dependency.

Networking --->

Device Drivers --->

Network device support --->

<*> IMQ (intermediate queueing device) support

IMQ behavior (PRE/POSTROUTING) (IMQ AB)

(2) Number of IMQ devices

Kernel Netfilter configs:

In order to support Ralink SW QoS, several necessary Netfilter modules are used,

including Netfilter match and target modules. These modules must be enabled to let Ralink

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SW QoS work correctly. But first of all, a proprietary Ralink option in Netfilter has to be

enabled.

To completely fit the requirement of Ralink SW QoS some changes are made in Linux

Netfilter architecture. For this changes, a Ralink proprietary Netfilter option Netfilter

Ralink SWQoS support is introduced. This Ralink proprietary Netfilter option must be

enabled to support Ralink SW QoS, or the classification of IP address may not work properly.

If the Ralink SW QoS is not required, of course, it is recommended to leave this option blank

to keep the Linux Netfilter architecture unchanged and expected.

-> Networking

-> Networking support (NET [=y])

-> Networking options

-> Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter) (NETFILTER [=y]

-> Core Netfilter Configuration

[*] Netfilter Ralink SWQoS support(Marking after NAT)

Then please enable the following necessary netfilter and iptables modules to support

Ralink SW QoS:

-> Networking

-> Networking support (NET [=y])

-> Networking options

-> Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter) (NETFILTER [=y]

-> Core Netfilter Configuration

<*> Netfilter connection tracking support

<*> "conntrack" connection tracking match support

<*> "DSCP" target support

<*> "MARK" target support

<*> "DSCP" match support

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<*> "helper" match support

<*> "length" match support

<*> "mac" address match support

<*> "state" match support

<*> "layer7" match support

<*> "Ethernet port for incoming packets" match support

And,

-> Networking

-> Networking support (NET [=y])

-> Networking options

-> Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter) (NETFILTER [=y]

->IP: Netfilter Configuration --->

<*> IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT)

<*> Packet mangling

<*> IMQ target support

Application configs:

Besides kernel configs, there are also several application menuconfigs which has to be

enabled to support Ralink SW QoS.

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Library Configuration --->

[*] Build libresolv

Network Applications --->

[*] iptables

[*] iproute2

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[*] tc

Ralink Proprietary Application --->

[*] Software QoS

11.20 Software QoS information

11.20.1 Software QoS – Preface

The Ralink SoC SW QoS supports many different types of classification, rate limitation, and

DSCP remarking. Ralink SoC SW QoS is based on the Linux Qdiscs, TC, and iptables. Ralink

SoC SW QoS supports download and upload stream on a WAN interface.

11.20.2 Software QoS – Concept

The Ralink SoC SW QoS architecture is shown in the subsequent figure. The Classifier

module classifies incoming packets into the Shaper module. The Shaper module has 4

queues (groups) to do rate limitation, and then the Remark module rewrites the DSCP field

of the packet if it is necessary.

SW QoS

Shaper Classifier

Remark

packets

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11.20.3 Software QoS – Usage

Conceptually, there are three main settings in Ralink SW QoS have to be specified : Global

settings, Group settings, and Rule settings.

Global settings:

1. Select ”upload to Internet “ or “download from Internet” on the web UI to enable the

Ralink SW QoS.

2. Enter the upload and download bandwidth details to make a good fit with the user’s

network environment (e.g. ADSL 512k/64k, Cable Modem 10M/10M….)

3. Select a QoS model: DRR (Deficit Round Robin), SPQ(Strict Priority Queue),

DRR+SPQ.

4. Select reserved bandwidth. The reserved bandwidth is out of the control of Ralink

SW QoS.

Group settings:

Four QoS groups are shown after specifying Global settings in Ralink SW QoS. Now all

packets through this gateway are classified into these four QoS groups according to the

user’s QoS rules settings. The four QoS groups are subsequently shown.

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The default group is the group named Default(the third group), that means

the packet would be classified into this group if it doesn’t match with any rules.

In each QoS group there are two attributes Rate and Ceil as shown in the subsequent

figure.

a. Rate: Set the guaranteed minimum bandwidth that this group can use.

b. Ceil: Set the maximum bandwidth that this group can use.

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The first group named Highest has the highest priority. The next group named

High has the second priority. The third group named Default is the default group. The

last group named Low has the lowest priority.

Highest priority means the left available bandwidth will serve the group first, but

settings for guaranteed rate and ceil in every group are still met strictly. For example,

people often hope VoIP traffic is classified as the highest priority group for short

latency and good quality, and P2P traffic to be classified as the lowest priority and

background traffic.

Rules settings:

The QoS rules are made to do classification, and remarking. One QoS rules are

made of 3 parts: attributes, classifiers, and remaker.

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1) Rule attribute:

a) Name: specifies this rules name

b) Group: specifies which group this rule is belongs to.

2) Rule classifiers:

Ralink SW QoS supports these classifiers currently:

a) SRC/DSP IP address (with netmask)

b) Packet length

c) DSCP field

d) ICMP, TCP/UDP port range

e) Layer 7 (content inspection)

3) Rule Remarker: This argument specifies what DSCP value would be added to the

packet as a remark which matches the rule.

11.21 How to enable USB Ethernet (example for ASIX AX88XXX)

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

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[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Device Drivers --->

USB support --->

USB Network Adapters --->

<M> Multi-purpose USB Networking Framework

<M> ASIX AX88xxx Based USB 2.0 Ethernet Adapters

<M> CDC Ethernet support (smart devices such as cable modems)

CONFIG_USB_RTL8150=m

# insmod usbnet

# insmod cdc_ether

usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether

# insmod asix.ko

usbcore: registered new interface driver asix

# usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using dwc_otg and address 2

usb 1-1: Product: USB2.0

usb 1-1: Manufacturer: ASIX Elec. Corp.

usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 01

usb 1-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice

eth0: register 'asix' at usb-lm0-1, ASIX AX8817x USB 2.0 Ethernet, 00:0e:2e:41:72:9e

# brctl addif br0 eth0

device eth0 entered promiscuous mode

# brctl show br0

bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces

br0 8000.000c43414367 no ra0

eth2.1

eth0

# ifconfig eth0 up

ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready

br0: port 3(eth0) entering learning state

eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xC5E1

br0: topology change detected, propagating

br0: port 3(eth0) entering forwarding state

# ping 10.10.10.3

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PING 10.10.10.3 (10.10.10.3): 56 data bytes

64 bytes from 10.10.10.3: seq=0 ttl=128 time=3.381 ms

64 bytes from 10.10.10.3: seq=1 ttl=128 time=1.038 ms

64 bytes from 10.10.10.3: seq=2 ttl=128 time=1.067 ms

64 bytes from 10.10.10.3: seq=3 ttl=128 time=1.069 ms

11.22 How to build a single image for the RT2880 8M flash platform

#cd Uboot

#make menuconfig

(128Mb) DRAM Component

(32bits) DRAM Bus

(8M) Flash Size

#cd RT288x_SDK/source

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Machine selection --->

(8M) Flash Size

#cd RT288x_SDK/tools/single_img/RT2880

#vi Makefile.8M

UBOOT_IMAGE = rt2880_100phy_128Mbx16_8Mflash.uboot

KERNEL_IMAGE = rt2880_100phy_128Mbx16_8Mflash.linux

PACKED_IMAGE = rt2880_100phy_128Mbx16_8Mflash.uboot

#make –f Makefile.8M

Flash layout:

+-----------------------+---------+---------+----+--------------------------------+

+-----------------------+-------+------+---+--------------------------------------+

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|<----0x400000-->|<----0x50000->|Å---------0x3B0000 --------->|

11.23 How to start a printer server (example for HP officejet 4355)

Step1: SDK Configuration

#make menuconfig

Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Kernel Settings

Device Drivers --->

USB support --->

<*> USB Printer support

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Network Applications --->

[*] p910nd (small printer daemon)

Step2: Plug in USB Printer

# usb 1-1: new full speed USB device using dwc_otg and address 2

usb 1-1: Product: Officejet 4300 series

usb 1-1: Manufacturer: HP

usb 1-1: SerialNumber: CN864GZ1S004GR

usb 1-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice

drivers/usb/class/usblp.c: usblp0: USB Bidirectional printer dev 2 if 1 alt 0 proto

2 vid 0x03F0 pid

0x5411

Step3: run the printer daemon

# p910nd -f /dev/lp0

Step4: Setup the printer in Windows

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-> ->

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-> ->

-> =>

11.24 How to force the RT3052 link speed

There are two kinds of force mode that refer to the configuration of the remote peer.

1. Force Mode (Both RT305x and remote peer disable auto negotiation algorithm)

• 10MB/Full: Set bit13=0, bit12=0,bit8=1 (reg_addr=0)

• 10MB/Half:Set bit13=0,bit12=0,bit8=0 (reg_addr=0)

• 100MB/Full:Set bit13=1,bit12=0,bit8=1 (reg_addr=0)

• 100MB/Half:Set bit13=1,bit12=0,bit8=0 (reg_addr=0)

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2. Auto negotiation (Both RT305x and remote peer enable auto negotiation

algorithm)

• 10MB/Full: Set bit6=1 (reg_addr=4)

• 10MB/Half: Set bit5=1 (reg_addr=4)

• 100MB/Full: Set bit8=1 (reg_addr=4)

• 100MB/Half: Set bit7=1 (reg_addr=4)

User Mode:

# mii_mgr -s -p [port_no] -r [reg_addr] -v [Value]

Kernel Space:

extern u32 mii_mgr_write( unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int);

mii_mgr_write( [port_no], [reg_addr], [value])

NOTES: IF BOTH RT305X SWITCH AND REMOTE PEER DO NOT USE THE SAME

CONFIGURATION (I.E. AUTO-NEGOTIATION OR FORCE MODE) IT CAN CAUSE A

PROBLEM.

11.25 How to verify IGMP snooping function

Step1: Compiling IGMP proxy application.

#make menuconfig

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Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection --->

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings (NEW)

Network Applications --->

[*] igmp proxy (RFC4605)

Step2: Enable IGMP Proxy in WebUI.

Step3: Install windows server 2003 resource kit tools in your PCs.

You can get the test application from the following link or Ralink SDK.

- HTTP://WWW.MICROSOFT.COM/DOWNLOADS/DETAILS.ASPX?FAMILYID=9D467A69-

57FF-4AE7-96EE-B18C4790CFFD&DISPLAYLANG=EN

- RT288x_SDK/source/user/igmpproxy/tools/rktools.exe.

Step4: Start Multicast test

Mcast server:

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C:\>mcast /GRPS:239.1.1.1 /SRCS:10.10.10.3 /NUMPKTS:1000 /INTVL:50 /SEND

(Please use "/intf" argument to specify an interface to receive or send if you have multiple

network interfaces.)

Now, you can see the multicast packets will be generated by Mcast Server.

Mcast Client1:

C:\>mcast /GRPS:239.1.1.1 /RECV

Step5: Starting network sniffer on Client1 and Client2.

The right behavior is only Client1 can receive multicast packets.

11.26 EHCI/OHCI USB Power Saving

A potential issue may happen if user chooses a mixed version pair of SDK Linux and Uboot.

A confirmed pair is RT3883/RT3662 SDK3.5 Uboot + SDK 3.4 Linux, this pair may cause

system to freeze during boot up.

To reduce power consumption and lower the working temperature, SDK3.5 and later

versions disable the USB power and clock gating during the boot-loader initialization stage.

The advantage is more power-saving. The detail is SDK 3.5 Uboot would disable the USB

HW module by default. And then the SDK 3.5 EHCI/OHCI Linux driver have to re-enable

USB HW module before accessing USB related registers.

However, if user chooses an unexpected pair, ex. SDK3.5 Uboot + SDK 3.4 Linux, the

system may freeze at OHCI initialization during boot up as following log. This is because the

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SDK 3.5(or later) Uboot would disable the USB HW module to save power, but then the

older SDK Linux(SDK 3.4 ) EHCI/OHCI driver does not re-enable the USB HW module

before accessing USB function.

rt3xxx‐ohcirt3xxx‐ohci:newUSBbusregistered,assignedbusnumber2

rt3xxx‐ohcirt3xxx‐ohci:irq18,iomem0x101c1000<<<<<freezeathere

rt3xxx‐ohcirt3xxx‐ohci:RT3xxxOHCIController

…

To solve the issue(freeze at OHCI init), please disable the USB(EHCI/OHCI) power saving

feature in SDK 3.5(and later) Uboot as following:

In Uboot/lib_mips/board.c

}

…

//config_usb_ehciohci();

//voidconfig_usb_ehciohci(void);

…

{

voidboard_init_r(gd_t*id,ulongdest_addr)

And then rebuild Uboot.

11.27 Auto-frequency and Power Saving

The RT3352/RT5350 SOC has the capability of auto-frequency and power saving.

z CPU Auto-Frequency (RT3352/RT5350)

z SDR Power Pre-charge Power Down (RT3352/RT5350)

z DDR self Refresh Power Save (RT3352)

z Ethernet Power Down (RT3352/RT5350)

z USB Power Down (RT3352/RT5350)

z WIFI Power Down (RT3352/RT5350)

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Notice: Those new features are supported by SDK 3.5.2.0 and later version.

1. Setup

z How to turn on CPU Auto-Frequnecy

For RT3352/RT5350, We can turn on CPU auto frequency function by:

Modifying config.mk in Uboot and rebuild uboot firmware

…

RALINK_DDR_CONTROLLER_OPTIMIZATION = OFF

RALINK_CPU_AUTO_FREQUENCY = ON

RALINK_SDR_PRECHARGE_POWER_DOWN = OFF

RALINK_DDR_SELF_REFRESH_POWER_SAVE_MODE = OFF

…

$make

Set Linux Kernel Configuration and then rebuild linux firmware

$make menuconfig --->

Machine selection ---> [*] Ralink External Timer

………………………………………………………………………………………

$make dep; make

z How to turn on SDR Pre-charge Power Down

For RT3352/RT5350, We can turn on SDR power save by:

Modifying config.mk in Uboot and rebuild uboot firmware

…

RALINK_DDR_CONTROLLER_OPTIMIZATION = OFF

RALINK_CPU_AUTO_FREQUENCY = OFF

RALINK_SDR_PRECHARGE_POWER_DOWN = ON

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RALINK_DDR_SELF_REFRESH_POWER_SAVE_MODE = OFF

…

$make

z How to turn on DDR Self Refresh Power Save

For RT3352 , We can turn on DDR power save by:

Modifying config.mk in Uboot and rebuild uboot firmware

…

RALINK_DDR_CONTROLLER_OPTIMIZATION = OFF

RALINK_CPU_AUTO_FREQUENCY = OFF

RALINK_SDR_PRECHARGE_POWER_DOWN = OFF

RALINK_DDR_SELF_REFRESH_POWER_SAVE_MODE = ON

…

$make

2. Setup in script

…

/sbin/config-powersave.sh cpu 1 - enable CPU autofrequency

/sbin/config-powersave.sh cpu 0 - disable CPU autofrequency

/sbin/config-powersave.sh sdr 1 - enable SDR precharge powersave

/sbin/config-powersave.sh sdr 0 - disable SDR precharge powersave

/sbin/config-powersave.sh ddr 1 - enable DDR self auto refresh

/sbin/config-powersave.sh ddr 0 - disable DDR self auto refresh

/sbin/config-powersave.sh ethernet 1 [port] - enable Ralink ESW PHY

powerdown

/sbin/config-powersave.sh ethernet 0 [port] - disable Ralink ESW PHY

powerdown

/sbin/config-powersave.sh usb 1 - enable usb powerdown

/sbin/config-powersave.sh usb 0 - disable usb powerdown

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/sbin/config-powersave.sh wireless 1 - enable wireless powerdown

/sbin/config-powersave.sh wireless 0 - disable wireless powerdown

…

z How to turn on CPU Auto-Frequency

For RT3352/RT5350, We can turn on CPU auto frequency function by:

#config-powersave.sh cpu 1

z How to turn on SDR Pre-charge Power Down

For RT3352/RT5350, We can turn on SDR power save by:

#config-powersave.sh sdr 1

z How to turn on DDR Self Refresh Power Save

For RT3352 , We can turn on DDR power save by:

#config-powersave.sh ddr 1

z How to turn on Ethernet Power Down

For RT3352 /RT5350, We can turn on Ethernet port#3 power down by:

#config-powersave.sh ethernet 1 3

z How to turn on USB Power Down

For RT3352 /RT5350, We can turn on USB power down by:

#config-powersave.sh usb 1

z How to turn on WIFI Power Down

For RT3352 /RT5350, We can turn on WIFI power down by

#config-powersave.sh wifi 1

3. Check Function

z CPU Auto-Frequency

Turn off:

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Turn on:

z SDR Pre-charge Power Save

Turn off:

Turn on:

z DDR Self Refresh Power Save

Turn off:

Turn on:

11.28 Concurrent AP porting Guide

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The APSOC has the capability of working 1st wireless interface and 2nd wireless interfaces

concurrently.

A. The interface1 (ra0): RT3883 (5G) / RT3352 (2.4G) / RT5350 (2.4G)

B. The interface 2 (rai0): RT3090 (2.4G) / RT5392 (2.4G) / RT3572 (5G) / RT5572

(5G)

Station can associate and execute WPS connection for any wireless interface. Moreover,

user can configure the settings of any wireless interface by Web GUI.

You can refer to Ralink_AP_SDK_User's_Manual for the Detail information.

1. Setup:

If your SDK does not include RT309x/RT539x/RT3572/RT5572 support, please refer the

following steps to install it.

Requirement:

z RT288x_SDK

z RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572 WiFi driver

z RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572 EEPROM binary files

Procedure:

Step1.

Please copy RT309x/RT539x WiFi driver to

RT288x_SDK/linux-2.6.xx.x/drivers/net/wireless

ex:

$cp RT3090_ap RT288x_SDK/linux-2.6.xx.x/drivers/net/wireless

$cp RT5392_ap RT288x_SDK/linux-2.6.xx.x/drivers/net/wireless

Step2.

Please modify RT288x_SDK/linux-2.6.xx.x/drivers/net/wireless/Makefile

ex:

…

ifneq ($(CONFIG_RT2860V2_AP),)

obj-$(CONFIG_RT2860V2_AP) += rt2860v2_ap/

endif

ifneq ($(CONFIG_RT2860V2_STA),)

obj-$(CONFIG_RT2860V2_STA) += rt2860v2_sta/

endif

ifneq ($(CONFIG_RT3090_AP),)

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obj-$(CONFIG_RT3090_AP) += RT3090_ap/

endif

ifneq ($(CONFIG_RT5392_AP),)

obj-$(CONFIG_RT5392_AP) += RT5392_ap/

endif

ifneq ($(CONFIG_RT3572_AP),)

obj-$(CONFIG_RT3572_AP) += RT3572_ap/

endif

ifneq ($(CONFIG_RT5572_AP),)

obj-$(CONFIG_RT5572_AP) += RT5572_ap/

endif

…

Step3.

Please modify RT288x_SDK/linux-2.6.xx.x/ralink/Kconfig

ex:

…

source "drivers/net/wireless/rt2860v2_ap/Kconfig"

source "drivers/net/wireless/rt2860v2_sta/Kconfig"

config RA_CLASSIFIER

tristate "Ralink Flow Classifier"

depends on RT2860V2_AP_VIDEO_TURBINE ||

RT2860V2_STA_VIDEO_TURBINE

default n

#source "drivers/net/wireless/rt2860v2_apsta/Kconfig"

source "drivers/net/wireless/RT3090_ap/Kconfig"

source "drivers/net/wireless/RT5392_ap/Kconfig"

source "drivers/net/wireless/RT3572_ap/Kconfig"

source "drivers/net/wireless/RT5572_ap/Kconfig"

…

config RTDEV_USB

bool

default y if RT305x_INIC_USB || RT3572_AP || RT5572_AP

config RTDEV_PCI

bool

default y if RT2880v2_INIC_PCI || RT3090_AP || RT5392_AP

…

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Step4.

Please copy EEPROM binary file to RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT3883

ex:

$cp RT3092_PCIe_LNA_2T2R_ALC_V1_2.bin

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT3883/RT3352/RT5350}

$cp RT5392_PCIe_2T2R_ALC_V1_2.bin

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT3883/RT3352/RT5350}

$cp RT3572_USB_2T2R_LNA_without_ALC_V1_4.bin

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT3883/RT3352/RT5350}

$cp RT5572_USB_2T2R_V1_3.BIN

RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/{RT3883/RT3352/RT5350}

Step5.

Please modify RT288x_SDK/source/vendors/Ralink/RT3883Makefile

ex:

…

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RALINK_RT3883_3T3R RT2860_default_novlan_3s

/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT2860_default_novlan

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RALINK_RT3883_3T3R RT2860_default_vlan_3s

/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT2860_default_vlan

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RALINK_RT3662_2T2R

/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT2860_default_novlan

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RALINK_RT3662_2T2R

/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT2860_default_vlan

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT3090_AP /etc_ro/Wireless/iNIC/RT2860AP.dat

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT3090_AP

/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT3092_PCIe_LNA_2T2R_ALC_V1_2.bin

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT3090_AP /etc_ro/Wireless/iNIC/RT2860AP.dat

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT5392_AP

/etc_ro/Wireless/RT2860AP/RT5392_PCIe_2T2R_ALC_V1_2.bin

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT3572_AP /etc_ro/Wireless/iNIC/RT2860AP.dat

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT3572_AP

/etc_ro/Wireless/iNIC/RT3572_USB_2T2R_LNA_without_ALC_V1_4.bin

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT5572_AP

/etc_ro/Wireless/iNIC/RT5572_USB_2T2R_V1_3.BIN

$(ROMFSINST) -e CONFIG_RT5572_AP /etc_ro/Wireless/iNIC/RT2860AP.dat

…

Step6.

Please modify RT288x_SDK/source/user/rt2880_app/scripts/internet.sh

ex:

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…

# RTDEV_PCIe support

if [ "$CONFIG_RTDEV_PCI" != "" ]; then

ralink_init make_wireless_config rtdev

if [ "$RT2880v2_INIC_PCI" != "" ]; then

rmmod iNIC_pci

insmod -q iNIC_pci

elif [ "$CONFIG_RT3090_AP" != "" ]; then

rmmod RT3090_ap_net

rmmod RT3090_ap

rmmod RT3090_ap_util

insmod -q RT3090_ap_util

insmod -q RT3090_ap

insmod -q RT3090_ap_net

elif [ "$CONFIG_RT5392_AP" != "" ]; then

rmmod RT5392_ap

insmod -q RT5392_ap

# RTDEV_USB support

elif [ "$CONFIG_RTDEV_USB" != "" ]; then

iNIC_USB_en=`nvram_get rtdev InicUSBEnable`

ralink_init make_wireless_config rtdev

if [ "$iNIC_USB_en" == "1" ]; then

if [ "$RT305x_INIC_USB" != "" ]; then

rmmod iNIC_usb

insmod -q iNIC_usb

elif [ "$CONFIG_RT3572_AP" != "" ]; then

rmmod RT3572_ap_net

rmmod RT3572_ap

rmmod RT3572_ap_util

insmod -q RT3572_ap_util

insmod -q RT3572_ap

insmod -q RT3572_ap_net

elif [ "$CONFIG_RT5572_AP" != "" ]; then

rmmod RT5572_ap_net

rmmod RT5572_ap

rmmod RT5572_ap_util

insmod -q RT5572_ap_util

insmod -q RT5572_ap

insmod -q RT5572_ap_net

# RT2561(Legacy) support

elif [ "$CONFIG_RT2561_AP" != "" ]; then

rmmod rt2561ap

ralink_init make_wireless_config rtdev

insmod -q rt2561ap

…

Step7.

You must switch directory to RT2888x_SDK/source and execute “make menuconfig,” like

below:

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Please choose “Select the Product you wish to target” option to configure the main settings

of your target platform. <<Please select 4M/32M or 8M/64M Flash/SDRAM size>>

And then, please exit “Select the Product you wish to target” option and enter

“Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection” option.

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You must select “Default all settings” option to load default configuration first and select

“Customize Kernel Settings” options to turn on 2nd interface.

Exit ---> yes.

Step8.

After load default, you can enter kernel configured main menu.

If 2nd wireless uses PCIE interface:

Please enter “Machine selection” and choice” RT3883 PCI architecture” to “PCIE RC

ONLY” mode.

Leave “Machine selection” option.

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Please enter “Bus options (PCI, PCMCIA, EISA, ISA, TC)” option and check whether

PCI/PCIE support or not, like below:

Leave “Bus options (PCI, PCMCIA, EISA, ISA, TC)” option.

Please enter “Ralink Module” option

You can select RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572 module to act 2nd WiFi interface, but one

of them could be selected.

Leave “Ralink Module” option and then exit “Linux Kernel Configuration”.

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Exit ---> yes

Step9.

Final, you can execute “make dep” and “make” to build image under the

RT288x_SDK/source.

$make dep

$make

2. Usage:

If the firmware is built successfully, you can upgrade it into your RT3883/RT3352/RT5350

reference board by TFTP Server or Web GUI.

After firmware upgrade, you can use “lsmod” and “ifconfig” commands to check if

RT3090_ap is successfully inserted and brought up or not.

2nd WiFi interface module: RT3090_ap / RT5392_ap / RT3572_ap / RT5572_ap

RT3883/RT3352/RT5350 interface name: ra0

RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572 interface name: rai0

RT3883/RT3352/RT5350 profile is located on /etc/Wireless/RT2860/RT2860.dat and

RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572 profile is located on /etc/Wireless/iNIC/iNIC_ap.dat. To

change RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572 wireless settings, you can edit its profile and

re-bring up it, like RT3883/RT3352/RT5350.

Certainly, RT3883/RT3352/RT5350 and RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572 are shown their

detail information or configured settings by iwpriv command, for example:

RT3883/RT3352/RT5350:

#iwprive ra0 set SSID=RT3883AP

#iwprive ra0 stat

…

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RT3090/RT5392/RT3572/RT5572:

#iwprive rai0 set SSID=RTDEV_AP

#iwprive rai0 stat

…

11.29 SuperDMZ usage guide

Usage:

super_dmz [-f] [-l lan_ifname] [-w wan_ifname] [-t tcp_port] [-t tcp_port1:tcp_port2] [-u

udp_port] [-u udp_port1:udp_port2]

-f : flush & clear super_dmz functions from system.

-l lan_ifname: Explicitly assign the LAN interface name, ex. “br0” or “eth2.2”. In Ralink

SDK this argument is assigned automatically based on the current operation mode if it is

not assigned explicitly.

-w wan_ifname: Explicitly assign the WAN interface name, ex “eth2.2” or “ppp0”. In

Ralink SDK this argument is assigned automatically based on the current WAN mode if it is

not assigned explicitly.

-t tcp_port: TCP port tcp_port is the exception of DMZ forwarding, ex “80” or “23”. The

most case here is “80” for AP web remote access.

-t tcp_port1:tcp_port2 : TCP port from tcp_port1 to tcp_port2 is the exception of DMZ

forwarding.

-u udp_port: UDP port udp_port is the exception of DMZ forwarding.

-u udp_port1:udp_port2 : UDP port from udp_port1 to udp_port2 is the exception of

DMZ forwarding.

Example:

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1) # super_dmz -f

Clear Super DMZ function from system.

2) # super_dmz

Enable Super DMZ function.

3) # super_dmz -l eth0 -t 80

Enable Super DMZ function. Assign “eth0” as LAN interface. Avoid tcp port 80 is

forwarding.(To make web server on router reachable from WAN side)

4) # super_dmz -w eth2 -t 45:123 -t 3128 -u 10000 -u 500:600

Enable Super DMZ function. Assign “eth2” as WAN interface. Avoid tcp port 45 to 123,

tcp port 3128, udp port 10000, and udp port 500 to 600 are forwarding.

Implementation note:

1. When

1) system boot up

2) WAN IP is acquired or changed (Ex. PPPoE or DHCP on WAN)

3) Virtual Server(Port forwarding) settings change

the super_dmz have to re-run:

# super_dmz –f

# super_dmz

11.30 How to support IPv6 Ready Logo

The IPv6 Forum (http://www.ipv6forum.com) IPv6 Ready Logo Program is a conformance

and interoperability testing program intended to increase user confidence by

demonstrating that IPv6 is available now and is ready to be used.

To pass Ipv6 Ready Logo (Phase-2), please enable additional three applicantions:

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z ecmh

Easy Cast du Multi Hub (ecmh) is a networking daemon that acts as a full IPv6 MLDv1

and MLDv2 Multicast "Router".

$ make menuconfig

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Miscellaneous Applications --->

Exit ---> Yes

z ip command in iproute2

to flush neighbor cache during running test log

$ make menuconfig

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Network Applications --->

Exit ---> Yes

z radvd

radvd, the Router Advertisement Daemon, is an open-source software product that

implements link-local advertisements of IPv6 router addresses and IPv6 routing

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prefixes using the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) as specified in RFC 2461.[2] The

Router Advertisement Daemon is used by system administrators in stateless

autoconfiguration methods of network hosts on Internet Protocol version 6 networks.

$ make menuconfig

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Network Applications --->

Exit ---> Yes

11.31 How to enable iPerf tool

iPerf was developed by NLANR/DAST as a modern alternative for measuring maximum TCP

and UDP bandwidth performance. iPerf allows the tuning of various parameters and UDP

characteristics. iPerf reports bandwidth, delay jitter, datagram loss.

$ make menuconfig

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Miscellaneous Applications --->

Exit ---> Yes

Uasage:

Server sied: iperf -s

Client side: iperf -c [server’s ip] –w 128k –t 30 –i 10

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11.32 How to enable ebtables

The ebtables program is a filtering tool for a Linux-based bridging firewall. It enables

transparent filtering of network traffic passing through a Linux bridge.

$ make menuconfig

[*] Customize Vendor/User Settings

Network Applications --->

Exit ---> Yes

Usage:

If router would like to block all packets of a host from intranet to internet:

# ebtables -A FORWARD -s [host’ MAC address] –j DROP

# ebtables -A FORWARD -p IPv4 --ip-src [host’ IP address] –j DROP

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