TM59 DM30 4_Beehive_Micro_Bee_DM30_Technical_Users_Manual_Dec1979 4 Beehive Micro Bee Technical Users Manual Dec1979

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TECHNICAL
USER MANUAL
,

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SERIES
DM30
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BEEHIVE IN I ERNATIONAL·

TECHNICAL
USER MANUAL
.

Model DM30. Video Display Terminal
DECEMBER 1979

This document he. been prepared by Beehive International and Is furnished on
the condition that It will ba used by tha customer solely fOr the purpose of
supporting the operation, service end maintenance of Beehive products.
Beehive believes that the Information described in this menual is accurate and
relleble,and much care has been taken In its preparation. However, no responslblllty, financial or otherwise, Is accepted for any consequences arising out of
the u.e of this material. The information contained herein Is subject to change.
Revisions may be Issued to edvise of such changes and/or additions. The rights
of the customer with respect to this document will be governed bymutuelly
acceptable provisions of the contract with Beehive International. This document shall not be duplicated by the customer, nor released, disclosed or used,
in whole or in part, for any purpose other than stated herein, without the express written permission of said Beehive International.

BEEHIVE IN I ERNATIDNAL
Manulaefurer 01 Quality Computer Systems

"IIAI 4910 Amelia Earhart Drive. Box 2!5BBB • Salt Lake City .. Utah B4125. Phone (B011 355-BooO' TWX 910-925-5271
.URO~ Schiohol Airport Amstsrdem • Building 70 Schiphol East

• The Netherlands' Phone 451-522 • Telex 152B4

ALL SPECIFICATIONS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE
TM7&.oM30-'·

..

WARNING: "thIs equipment generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions manual, may
cause interference to radio communications. As temporarily permitted by regulation it has not been tested for compliance
with the'limits for Class A computing devices pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC
Rules, which are designed provide reasonable protection against such interference.
Operation of this equipment in a residential
area is likely to cause interference in which
case the user at his own expense will be
required to take whatever measures may be
required to correct the interference.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION

TITLE

PAGE

SECTION I-INTRODUCTION
SECTION II -INSTALLATION
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.5.6
2.5.7
2.6
2.7
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
2.7.4
2.7.5
2.7.6
2.7.7
2.7.8
2.7.9
2.7.10
2.8
2.8.1
2.8.2
2.8.3
2.8.4
2.8.5
2.8.6
2.8.7
2.8.8

;
INTRODUCTION
.
.
UNPACKING.
INSPECTION FOR IN-SHIPMENT DAMAGE
IDENTIFICATION.
INSTALLATION
Placement for Operation .
Power Connection
Current Loop Interface
Data Interface Connection
Parallel Interface.
Auxiliary Interface .
PC Board-Mounted Control Switches
INITIAL TURN-ON PROCEDURE
REAR PANEL SWITCH USE
Receiver Error Check (Sl-1 )
Roll Mode (Sl-2)
Auto Line Feed Mode (Sl-3)
Inhibit Lower Case (Sl-4)
Termination Character (Sl-5, Sl-6)
Parity (Sl-7, Sl-8)
Main Baud Rate (S2-1, S2-2, S2-3)
Full/Half Duplex (S2-4)
Auxiliary Baud Rate (S2-5, S2-6, S2-7)
Auto Echo (S2-8)
INTERNAL SWITCH USE
Go On Line (S3-1 )
Inhibit Escape Codes (S3-2)
50/60 Hz (S3-3)
X-Suppress (S3"4)
Double Buffer Enable On/Off.
Normal/Half Intensity (S3-6)
Normal/Reverse (S3-7)
Current Loop (S3-8)

2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-2
2-2
2-2
2-2
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8
2-8

SECTION III - OPERATION
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7

INTRODUCTION
BASIC OPERATION DESCRIPTION.
General
Turn-On Procedure .
Rear Panel Switches
Keyboard Controls .
Communication Modes
Transmission Modes
Additional Operating Features

iii

3-1
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-2
3-2
3-4
3-4
3-4

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
SECTION

3.2.8
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.3.7
3.3.8
3.3.9
3.3.10
3.3.11
3.3.12
3.3.13
3.3.14
3.3.15
3.3.16
3.3.17
3.3.18
3.3.19

TITLE

Display Memory Management. • . . . .
DETAI LED OPERATION DESCRIPTION.
General . . . . . .
Keyboard Management
Numeric Pad Functions
Edit Functions
Cursor Movement
Screen Erasure
Communications .
Transmit On and Transmit Off (X-ON/X-OFF)
Formatting Modes .
Attribute Set (A SET) . . . . .
Graphics . . . . . . . . . .
Display Locking . . . . . . .
Special Function Keys (Fl-F16)
Other Key Operations
I/O Functions . . . . . .
Special Keyboard Functions
Boot Load . .
Audible Alarm
Status Line . . . . . . .

PAGE

3-8

3-8
3-8
3-11
3-11
3-12
3-13
3-15
3-16
3-22
3-24
3-27
3-29
3-29
3-30
3-31
3-31
3-36
3-36
3-37
3-37

LIST OF TABLES
TITLE

TABLE

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13

Main, Auxiliary and Parallel Port Pin Assignment
External Switches . . . .
I nterna I Switches
..... .
Remote Baud Rate Selection . .
DM30 ASCII Chart . . . . . .
Escape Sequence Reference Chart
Keyboard.F unctions . . . . .
Auxiliary/Parallel Mode Entry and Exit
Logical Field Attributes
Visual Attributes
Graphic Characters . .
Function Key Table
Control Code Symbols
Cursor Address Codes .
Remote Baud Rate Selection
Status Line Display Fields
Status Message Indicators

PAGE

2-5
2-7
2-7
2-8

3-3
3-5
3-6
3-22
3-25
3-28
3-29
3-31
3-32
3-32
3-35

3-38
3-39

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE

1-1
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4

TITLE

Micro Bee/Model DM30
Mounting Requirements
Current Loop Cabling
Parallel Port Timing
DM30 Rear Panel

PAGE

1-2
2-2
2-4
2-6
2-7

iv

LIST OF I LLUSTRATIONS (continued)
FIGURE

3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6

3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13

TITLE

DM30 Keyboard . . . . . . .
Display Window/Memory Relationships
Mode/Data Path Relationships
Auxiliary/Parallel Mode Entry and Exit
Logical Field Attributes
Visual Attributes
Graphic Characters . . .
Function Key Table ...
Control Code Symbols
Cursor Address Codes . .
Remote Ba ud Rate Selection
Status Line Display Fields
Status Message Indicators

v

PAGE

3-2

3-9

3-17
3-22
3-25

3-28
3-29
3-31
3-32
3-32

3-35
3-38
3-39

SECTION I
INTRODUCTION

This manual provides a general description and
operating instructions for Beehive International's
DM30 video display terminal. Included are sufficient diagrams, tables and descriptive text to
provide an understanding of ,the operatic;mal characteristics of the equipment. Three general
sections are included:
•

Section I provides a brief description of the
DM30 terminal and a specifications listing
on Table 1-1.

•

Section II describes the installation and
initial checkout of the terminal.

•

logical attributes which include protected data
fields, numeric only fields, alpha only fields,
constant fields and modified data field transmission.
Line 25 of the DM30 display is a "status" line
which the system firmware uses to indicate
modes of operation, error messages, communications protocol information, and to convey
terminal status messages. The self-diagnostic
results"are also selectively displayed for the
user in this reversed display area.
Two full pages of display memory is a standard
DM30 feature. Operator access to any unlocked
memory area can be very rapid (even accross page
boundaries) using the scroll up/down keys. The
terminal is therefore especially useful in text
scanning and editing applications.

Section III describes operational characteristics and functions of the terminal. Basic
operator instructions are provided first, followed by a detailed operating description.

Beehive International's DM30 (see Figure 1-1)
is an 8085A microprocessor-controlled buffered
video display terminal which offers the latest
advances in technology and human engineering.
Its. numerous features are tailored to address both
interactive and batch mode markets. Specific
product enhancements formerly found only in
more sophisticated and expensive terminals are
designed into the DM30, giving it superior costl
performance value.

DM30 interfacing capabilities are exceptional;
Both the main and auxiliary ports are bidirectional, communicating serially with full buffering.
The Centronics®~ compatible parallel interface
permits rapid data transfer to printers, making
hard copy from the CPU,auxiliary device or the
terminal readily available.
The most predominant vid,eo characteristic is
found in the terminal display memoryorganization. The display format is based upon 24
lines of data per page with 96 characters in each
line. Eighty of the character positions are displayable, which leaves sixteen nondisplayable character cells available for field attributes. Finally,
the line drawing graphics capability allows for
the creation of forms on the display, using
the vertical and horizontal line feature.·

Among the DM30 features is the memory
lock, which allows the operator or host computer
to lock a portion of the display while retaining
the capability to enter or receive data in the unlocked portion. of the display memory. The invisible memory address pointer is used to read
and write to and from the display memory
independently of visible screen functions. Standard visual attributes include normal, reverse,
blink, underline, and half-intensity video levels.
These are further enhanced by the addition of

The DM30 keyboard is designed with particular
attention being given to combining TTY and typewriter layouts. The shape and positioning of the
*A registered trademark of Centronics Data Computer Corporation

1-1

Figure 1-1 Micro Bee/Model DM30
Table '1-1 ' Specifications
DISPLAY FORMAT
'24 lines x 80 characters
DISPLAY MEMORY
Two pages... 3840 characters
48 lines x 00 characters
STATUS LINE
25th line of display
CRT SIZE
12" measured diagonally
CHARACTER SIZE
Approximately 0.2" high x 0.1"
wide
,
CHARACTER TYPE (Alphanumeric)
128 displayable ASCII characters, each
formed within an 8 x 8 dot matrix,
Descenders on lower case characters.
CHARACTER TYPE (Line Dl'lIWing)
Eleven g~aphic symbols for draWing forms
and contiguous hnes.
CHARACTER GENERATION
MOSROM
REFRESH RATE
50/60 Hz (Programmable)
CHARACTER DISPLAY
Light characters on a dark background
or dark characters on a light background
(switch selectable)
VISUAL ATTRIBUTES
Normal, Reverse, Blink~ Underline, Half
I ntensity and Security r- ields.
LOGICAL ATTRIBUTES
Protected numeric only, modified data
transmission. Must fill, total fill, constants
TABULATION
Fix!lq tab stops occur each eight character
positions
CURSOR
Non-destructive blinking block
READ CURSOR CHARACTER
Character at cursor position is transmitted
to the host upon request
MEMORY LOCK
The display area above the line the cursor
is currently on is frozen on the screen
LINE LOCK
The host CPU may selectively designate
reserved display lines
MEMORY ADDRESS POINTER
An invisible cursor that is used to read and
write to and from the display memory
independent of visible screen functions

CURSOR CONTROL
Up, down, left, right, home, carriage return,
line feed
CURSOR SENSE
Cursor position is transmitted to the host upon
request
CURSOR ADDRESSING
Absolute or relative cursor positioning by line
and column
MEMORY POINTER DATA SENSE
ASCII value of the character located at
the memory address pointer
READ TERMINAL STATUS
A 30 byte status message reflecting switch
settings, self-test results, commUnication
protoco I, etc.
SCROLL

Di~played data may I?e moved up or down
a hne or a page at a time
EDITING OPERATIONS
Insert/Delete on a character or a line basis
plus tab, back tab; backspace and character
overwrite. The clear entry (CE) operation
erases the field the cursor occupies and
positions it to the beginning of the same
field while in a protected mode of operation
ERASE FUNCTIONS
Erase to end of page
Erase to end of field (protected)
Erase to end of line (unprotected)
Clear variable data
Clear all data
PRINTER INTERFACE
Parallel Centronics®* compatible
COMMUNIOATIONS INTERFACE
Serial RS232C/Current loop
TRANSMISSION RATE
19.2K X-On/X-Off protocol
Switch selectable 110 to 9600 baud lElA)
Switch selectable 110 to 9600 baud Cll
PARITY
Switch selectable odd. even. mark or space
COMMUNICATION MODES
Full duplex
Half duplex
Echoplex
Asynchronous only
OPERATIONAL MODES
Conversational (character by character)
Line: Line at a time
Page: Full or partial page
Forms: Allows for operator or host CPU

SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE

building of formatted display
local: Off line display data entry
Line Monitor: Displays all ESC codes and
control code sequences
TERMINATION CHARACTER
Switch selectable CR, EOT, ETX and CR-lF
TIME OF DAY CLOCK
A real time clock that may be set by the
host CPU or operator
CPU MESSAGE DEPOSIT
An 80 character message buffer holds
host CPU data and prints" MSG WAIT"
on status line for operator recovery
ERROR INDICATORS
Status line messages reflect operator error
and system status
BELL
Audible alarm upon receipt of CONTROL G
or as the cursor passes through the 72nd
character location when data are entered
from the keyboard. The continuous
alarm on/off feature is i ncl uded.
KEYBOARD
.
.
A 6f-key ANSI compatible TTY / typ.ewntercompatible ;lrrangement fe;lturing autorepeat,
twa-key rollover, alpha lock and Tower case
inhibit. Also includes a 14-key numeric
pad with associated field termination control
keys. Sixteen programmed function keys,
cursor control keys, and system mode control
keys are also included.
AUXILIARY INTERFACE
A serial bidirectional interface that has a
character buffer on both the send and receive
lines. Transparent communications control
keys are also included.
SELF TEST
Initiated through host CPU control, by the
operator, and at power-up
INPUT VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY
115 VAC ±10% 60Hz
ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS
Altitude- Sea level to 10,000 feet
Temgerature- 0 to 40 degrees C
Hum id ity- 0 to 80% (noncondensing)
TERMINAL SIZE

24"(61cm)L X 18 3 .. (41s.2cm) W X 131 .. (33.3cm)H

TERMINAL WEIGHT1ll
4016s.(Approxi mate)
TERMINAL FINISH
Textured
OPTION
230 VAC ±10% 50 Hz

g

* A registered trademark of Centronics Data Computer Corporation

, 1-2

RETURN key and the additional field termination
control keys associated with the numeric pad are
two important user-oriented features. Autorepeat,
two-key rollover and highly reliable reed
switch keying are also included. The half-size keys
located above the standard keyboard layout include
programmed function keys, editing keys, cursor control keys and terminal mode control keys.

sage or page and transmitted in serial or parallel
fashion. Operational characteristics are enhanced
by the addition of local and line monitor modes.
The forms mode allows the operator to prepare a
form with specific visual and logical attributes on
the display screen and then transmit it to a host
oomputer or auxiliary device.

The DM30 is designed to address the most demanding operational mode requirements found in
the communications market. Data transmission cali
be selectively defined as conversational, line, mes-

The expanded characteristics of the DM30 include
X-V addressing, read cursor address, read terminal
status, time-of-day clock, and 128 ASCII characters
with descenders on lower case characters.

1-3/1-4

SECTION II
INSTALLATION

2.1

2.5.

INTRODUCTION

2.5.1 Placement for Operation

This section contains information on unpacking,
receiving inspection, connection of the communications interface,physical placement of the terminal and preliminary functional control settings
for specific user requirements.

2.2

UNPACKING

The following items are furnishedwith each
DM30 terminal:
a.

The display terminal with detachable keyboard

b.

Technical User Manual

There are no tie-downs or packing materials
inside the unit that need to be removed.
2.3

INSPECTION FOR IN-SHIPMENT DAMAGE

Upon receipt, carefully check components for any
signs of shipping damage. All shipping containers
have been specially designed to protect their contents and special care has been taken to prevent
damage under normal shipping conditions. Mishandling should be evident upon inspection of
the shipping container. If damage is found after
visual inspection, take care not to destroy the evidence. If necessary, document the damage with
photographs and contact the transport carrier
as soon as possible.
2.4

INSTALLATION

The terminal is fully self-contained and easily
relocated to alternate operating positions without removing or altering any wiring. Select a
oonvenient, level surface and place the terminal
where the power, I/O and keyboard cables are
not in the way of the operator. Route the
cables in such a manner that they are not inadvertently pulled or disturbed by minor
changes in terminal position or by the operator. Position the terminal and keyboard so
that operator use is as convenient as possible.

CAUTION: Donat place the terminal on any
surface that blocks cooling air from the back
of the cabinet. The terminal is provided with an
internal fan for cooling. Air enters through the
fan grill in the back and leaves through spacing
at the bottom sides between the cover and
terminal frame. To maintain efficient aircirculation, keep at least three"and-one-half (3%)
inches of clearance at the rear and on the sides
of the terminal (see Figure 2-1).

2.5.2

IDENTI FICATION

An identification plate located on the bottom cover
of the terminal provides the model number, part
number, serial number, weight, voltage and current
requirements, and frequency/power classifications.

2-1

Power Connection

The terminal is shipped with a three-conductor
power cord which grounds the instrument through
the offset pin. The safety feature of this ground
should always be preserved by grounding the terminal to the outlet box or other earth ground.
If it is necessary to use an adapter, ground the
pigtail.

Allow at least 3.5 inchEls clearance on sidEls
and back of terminal to permit adequate air
circulation.

-~---

r

13t"
33.3 em

~
~

_24"

61em

~_________

----------1

m _________

18 3 . "

~

46.2em

Figure 2-1 Mounting Requirements
2.5.3

4K ohms. The driver circuits current limitat
10mA on both source and sink. All data source
interconnections are made via the rear panel
Input/Output connector (refer to Figure 2-3).
A 25-pin miniature D-type ITT Cannon connector (DM-25S or equivalent) is used for
connecting to the computer. Pin assignments
are defined in Table 2-1.

Current Loop Interface

The current loop interface is a 20m A constant
current device which allows the terminal to be
used up to 2000 feet (608m) from the CPU
Baud rates of 9600 or less must be used. If
shielded, twisted pairs are used, the terminal may
be located up to 6000 feet (1.8km) away if
utilized at slower baud rates.
Data transmission without the current loop interface is normally limited to 50 feet. The current
loop converts the TTL logic signals into current
signals at one end of the loop, transmits the pattern, reconverts the pattern to TTL logic signals
at the other end, and delivers it to the computer
or terminal. The current loop connections are
contained within the RS232C I/O connector and
do not interfere with normal RS232C signals required for asynchronous operation. Figure 2-2
illustrates four common interfacing schemes for
simplex and full duplex operation using curren1
loop.
2.5.4

2.5.5

Parallel Interface

High speed unidirectional data transfer from the
CPU, terminal or auxiliary device is possible through
this port. It is Centronics ®* plug-compatible and
'p.asily used with most printers. When the parallel port is selected via the parallel aux-on-mode (see
Section III), CPU-to-printer interfacing may take
place with the display fully active. Signal and pinout information is contained in Table 2-1, and a
timing diagram is presented in Figure 2-3.

Data Interface Connection

2.5.6

Auxiliary Interface

The auxiliary port provides for serial communications
between the DM30 and immediate peripheral equipment. Data interchange is bidirectional, buffered and
RS232C compatible. System expansion for offline storage is a typical application involving this interface. Signal and pinout information is contained
in Table 2-1. A minimum Aux port configuration
requires that connector pins 20 and 6 be jumpered.

Signals used in communicating with the DM30
conform to the requirements of EIA specification
RS232C. In particular, output voltage swings
from -10V to +10V, while the receivers present
a minimum of 3K ohms impedance to the line.
The input resistance is approximately

* A registered trademark of Centronics Data Computer Corporation

2-2

2.S.7

PC Board-Mounted Control Switches

If the roll is disabled, the display page does not
scroll. A command which attempts to move the
cursor down from line 48 (Le. a line feed, tab or
data entry) has no effect on the cursor's vertical
position. Instead, the cursor returns to the beginning of line 48, and existing display memory in
that line begin to be overwritten.

Three switch blocks are mounted on the printed
circuit board. Two are located at the rear of
the PC board and are accessible through an external opening for repositioning. The other
switch block is located near the other two
switch blocks and is only alterable by removing
the cover. These switches are described in Table
2-2 (External Switches) and Table 2-3 (Internal
Switches).
2.6

2.7.3

In auto line feed mode (51-3) up), the RETURN
key transmits carriage return-line feed codes
and performs a return and line feed locally. With
autn line feed mode off, the key transmits and
performs only a carriage return.

INITIAL TURN'()N PROCEDURE

The proper turn-on procedure for the terminal
is described in 3.2.2.
2.7

REAR PANEL SWITCH USE

2.7.4

The operating configuration of the DM30 is
defined by rear panel and internal switch positions as described below. Whenever any of these
switches is changed, it is necessary to reset the
terminal using CONTROL RESET to ensure that
all new switch positions are scanned by software.
2.7.1

Inhibit Lower Case (S1-4)

With the switch in the up position, all alpha characters a-z are forced to the upper case regardless
of the condition of SHIFT or. LOCK. No other
codes are affected. With the switch down, all
keys are fully shiftable. Received data remain
unaffected by this switch setting.

Receiver Error Check (S1-1)

When receiver error check is selected (51-1 up),
an ASCII substitute (SB) is displayed if a receiver
frame, overrun or parity error is detected. Only
even or odd parity are checked as selected by
switches 51-7 and 51-8. With this feature disabled, data ar'il written to the display as they
are received and all errors are ignored.

2.7.2

Auto Line Feed Mode (S1-3)

2.7.S

Termination Character (S1-S, S1-6)

The user may select the termination character
which is transmitted by the ENTE R key in an
on-line mode and is the last character sent after
a block, line transmit, or function key sequence.
The choices are ETX, EOT, CR or CR-LF.

Roll Mode (S1-2)
2.7.6

When roll mode is enabled (51-2 up), data
scroll upward if the cursor is on line 48
and any operation that would move the
cursor down one line is performed (such
as line feed, tabulation, or data entry).
As a result of the upward scroll, all data
on the page move up by one line, (with
data previously on the top being lost)
and a new blank line appears at the.
bottom of the page.

Parity (S1-7, S1-8)

The parity selection allows for an odd or even
parity bit, or a mark or space parity bit to be
gerierated follpliving the data in the serial data
word. Mark or space parity is generated by
transmitting an 8-bit data word and forcing the
eighth bit low or high. The switches also select
the parity condition to be checked if switch
51-1 is up (receiver error check).
continued on page 2-8

2-3

TERMINAL

Data In

...

G)

~

I

'~

TERMINAL

~--

.....-

."

cQ'
e

---tI

CPU

. . . _~~~IPm .

Ttananittu

"''''.~

--fJ
I

k1

Tr• .....m.

1 (~L""".

N

CPU

\1...

-~~.'M7

8---1:-.1

I~
Data Out

I~"'-L

}

p.

1

r---+

OIltaOut

I I Q1 ~~I.
Cunmt Source

25

1+

o•

N

(")

......

e

NI

~

Simplex Cunent Loop
CPU-Supplied Cunent Source

G)

Full Duplex Currant Loop
20 ma Sou .... Supplied by .... Transmittal'

::s
r+

r-

0
0
'C

(")
CI)

C"

::s
CQ

TERMINAL

. . ,.-1 «:) I:: I
.....

CPU

TERMINAL

1+... 1'L. . . -

_,.

_Out
Pi. 23

Tonn:~~~Sour..

CPU

_,.~ ff'\ ,Pm"

_OUt

-

PIn 25

PIn 23

Full Duplex Currant Loop
20 ma Sourcas Supplied by Host CPU

_ _ _ _ _ Out

1 ........ --1

_I.

Table 2·1 Main, Auxiliary and Parallel Port Pin Assignments
MAIN PORT
PIN
NO.

RS232·C

SIGNAL
NAME

1

AA

Frame Ground

2

BA

Transmitted
Data

DM30

3

BB

Received
Data

D M30 +- Data Set

Received data or terminal input.

4

CA

Request to
Send

DM30 -+Data Set

When off line, RTS is held low; when on line in full duplex, it is
kept high. In half duplex on line, it remains low until data transmission. It goes high during transmission and drops low upon
completion.

5

CB

aear to
Send

D M30 +- Data Set

When clear to send is high, transmission is enabled. When CTS is
held low, the transmitter is disabled.

6

CC

Data Set
Ready

DM30 +- Data Set

Indicates the host data set is ready.

7

AB

Signal Ground

16
20

SIGNAL
DIRECTION

4

Chassis ground; electrically bonded to frame.
Data Set

-

Data Terminal
Ready

Transmitted data; Pin 2 is in the mark condition with no output
signal.

Same potential as chassis ground (pin 1).

TTLX8 Clock

CD

DESCRIPTION

X8 TTL clock (normally strapped)
DM30 -+Data Set

This pin is high when terminal is on.

AUXI LlARY PORT

-

Chassis ground; electrically bonded to frame.

1

AA

Frame Ground

2

BA

Transmitted
Data

DM30 +- Auxiliary
Device

Data input to terminal.

3

BB

Received Data

DM30 -+Auxiliary
Device

Data output to auxiliary device.

4

CA

Request to Serld

DM30 +-Auxiliary
Device

Ignored by DM30; does not evoke terminal response.

5

CB

Clear to Send

DM30 -+Auxiliary
Device

When high, indicates Auxiliary port enabled and ready to receive
data.

6

CC

Data Set Ready

D M30 -+Data Set

Remains on at all times.

7

AB

Signal Ground

8

CF

Carrier Detect

DM30 -+Auxiliary
Device

Same as CC (pin 6). High at all times.

Ready/Busy

DM30 +- Auxiliary
Device

Both pins are low if Auxiliary device is not ready to receive/
Transmit data.

Data Terminal

DM30 +-Auxiliary
Device

High indicates aux device is operational & connected. Low
indicates aux device busy or disconnected. When this pin
goes low, all data transmission from the terminal ceases.

11 &
19
20 1

CD

-

Same potential as pin 1.

(continued on next page)

2·5

Table 2-1 (concluded)

PARALLEL PORT
PIN
NO.

RS232-C

SIGNAL
NAME

SIGNAL
DIRECTION

1.19 2

-

Data Strobe

DM30 -+Printer

2.20

-.

Data 1

DM30 -+Printer

3.21

-

Data 2

4.22

-

Data 3

5.23

-

Data 4

6.24

-

Data 5

7.25

-

Data 6

8.26

Data 7

9.27

-

11.29

.
.

DESCRIPTION
A 1 usee pulse (min.) used to clock data from the processor to the
printer logic.
Data input bit. A high represents a binary 1 and a low is d binary O.

Data 8

.
.
.
.

..
.
..
.
.
..
.

-

Busy

DM30 + Printer

A high indicates the printer cannot receive data.

12

-

PE

DM30 + Printer

A high indicates' the printer is out of paper.

13

-

SLcT

DM30 + Printer

A high indicates the printer is selected.

14

-

±OV

-

Signal Ground

16

-

±OV

-

Signal Ground

17

-

Chassis Ground

-

Frame Ground

32

-

Fault

..

DM30 + Printer

A lOw indicates a printer fault condition such as paper empty. light
detect. or a d'3select condition.

1When the auxiliary equipment being used does not provide this signal. external jumpering must be porvided on the auxiliary
port between pins 6 and 20.
2Second pin number indicates twisted pair return (~OV).

PARALLEL DATA

~J%%fJ1!%1~

__....h.o us l-...-l1.0·U5~

DAtA STROB0(MINII

-1i-(M_I_NI_r---,-,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

LJ1-... 1.0 us (MINI

---l

~
, - 500 us (MAX)
ACKNOWLEDGE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I

I------ACK DELAY
(For Normal Data)

Wff//ff$M

-..I ..IF==-

BUSY -----~~~--~"--~
BUSY DELAV---..j

I
.

!----BUSY----.j

Figure 2-3 Parallel Port Timing

2-6

~

ACK-rACK DELAY
(For Busy Condition)

SWITCH u:
BAUD RATE IILlCT

BlMTCH 51

FAN

--I----~~

, RICY ERROR CHiCK ....
2 ROl.LIIODE ....
:I AUTO UNE FIID ....

...11 , . _

TERMINATION CHARACTIR

~

CR
• UP

IlOT
UP

....

ON

'.18 _

..

FULL DlM'LlX .. UP

BAUD RATI alLiCT
AUX , . _

'AR'TY HueT
..

""

UN

l'

S

UK , . lAIC UK 1M

UP . . . . .

ON"

ft..

ON""

. . . . . . DNDNUPUPDIIDN

ODD IVPI
ON

lJ'

,t..

HAL .......X·_

ITX c:tI- L'
ON ...
lJ''''

MARK

.... MIl

W ... WDNWDNUPOIII
. . . . DNDIII . . . . DNDN
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIII

4 LDIIIR CASE 'NHI.T .....

'''''''''ON

UP

UP

... DN . . . . .

l'

..

•

AUTO ICHO" ...

DlI

PRINTER

~-==,
::M

1&&:::::....:..:)0 o~....:::::....: ....
AUX

I

FUSE
Prevents damage to circuitry
during voltage!current overload

@

MAIN

.",.

CCNT

1234.IJ8

1134'1',

MAIN PORT
This port provides data source
interface for the terminal, RSZ32C
or current loop interface.

AUXILIARY PORT
This connector provides an interface
for peripheral device, such as disks,
printers, tape drives, etc_

Figure 2·4 DM30 Rear Panel
SWITCH 51

SWITCH 52

1 RECV ERROR CHECK = UP
= UP
3 AUTO LINE FEED = UP
4 LOWER CASE INHIBIT = UP

2 ROLL MODE

BAUD

TERMINATION CHARACTER
CR

EOT

ETX CR-LF

UP
ON

ON
UP

5 UP
6 UP

8

MARK

SP

ODD

EVEN

UP
UP

ON
UP

UP
ON

ON
ON

UP
ON
ON

1.2K 1.8K

2AK

4.8K 9.6K 19.2K

UP
ON
UP

UP
UP
ON

ON
UP
ON

5
6
7

UP
UP
UP

8

AUTO ECHO

ON
UP
UP

ON
ON
UP

= UP

Table 2·2 External Switches
ON

OFF

SWITCH
1

Remain off line
after block send

All single key ESC sequences
are performed locally only,

2

All single key ESC sequences
are transmitted

Display programmed
for 50 Hz

3

Display programmed
for 60 Hz

X-Suppress On

4

X-Suppress Off

5

Double buffer enable on

Visual attribute
is half intensity

6

Visual attribute
is normal

White character on
black field

7

Go on line after
block send

Double buffer enable off

Black character on
White field
"

Enables Current
Loop

DN
ON
ON

BAUD RATE SELECT
AUX 110 300

7

ON
UP
ON

19.2K

FULL ~UPLEX = UP
UALF DUPLEX = ON

4

ON
ON

PARITY SELECT

ON UP
ON UP
UP ON

UP
ON
UP

UP ON
UP UP
UP UP

1

2
3

RATE SELECT

1.2K 1.8K 2AK 4.81< 9.6K

MAIN 110 300

Disables current
loop

8

Table 2·3 Internal Switches

2·7

UP ON
ON ON
ON ON

I

continued from page 2·3

2.7.7

2.8.1

Main. Baud Rate (82-1,82-2.82-3)

With the switch on, the terminal goes On Line
after a block or line transmit or page dump fur.ction·
via either the auxiliary port or main pon. With.
the switch off, the terminal remains off line.

The main baud rate change is accomplished thru
switch selection on the back panel of the terminal. The user may select the following rates:
110, 300, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4800, 9600 or
19,200 baud. The switch settings are defined
in Table 2~2.For host CPU selection of both
main and aux baud rates, a three·code escape
sequence is used (see Table 2-4).
Table 2-4

2.8.2

AU>< BAli) RATE

ESC,5

2.7.S

Remote Baud Rate Selection

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2.8.3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

This switch is used to program the display to 50
or 60 Hz. To avoid beat interference, the display
rate should match the power line frequency.

Full/Half Duplex (82-4)

2.8.4

2.8.5

X-8uppress (83-4)

Double Buffer Enable On/Off

This switch has no user definable function and
must be in the off position for proper terminal
operation.

2.8.6

Auxiliary Baud Rate (82-5,82-6,82-7)

Normal/Half Intensity (83-6)

This switch reverses the meaning of normal and
half intensity visual attributes. With switch on,
normal data becomes half intensity and half intensity data becomes highlighted.
2.8.7

Auto Echo (82-8)

Normal/Reverse (83-7)

This switch reverses the meaning of normal and
reverst;1 video attributes. With the switch off,
characters are black on white and reverse video
attributes cause data to be displayed white on
black. Brightness and contrast must be adjusted
for pro per screen display. .

With the auto echo switch on, the terminal displays and operates on all data transmitted over the
main EIA serial port in conversational mode. With
the switch set off, no automatic echo occurs. This
switch is only effective in full duplex and allows
full duplex communications without need for echo
from the host CPU.
2.8

50/60 Hz (83-3)

Suppresses transmission of X-ON/X·OFF sequences during buffer overflow conditions. Alters
response to received X-ON/X-OFF commands as
per Section 3.3.8.

The auxiliary baud rate change is accomplished
through switch selection on the back panel of the
terminal. The user may select the following rates:
110, .300, 1200, 1800,2400,4800,9600, or
19,200 baud.
2.7.10

With the switch off, single key escape code Sequences obey the normal rules of HDX and FOX.

0

The full half duplex (FDX/HDX) switch setting
(see Table 2-2) determines how data originating
from the keyboard are routed within the term·
inal when operating on-line and in conversational
mode. In half duplex mode, data entered via
the terminal keyboard are sent to the I/O port
and the display memory simultaneously. In full
duplex. mode, data entered via the terminal keyboard are sent to the I/O port only. Data must
be received to be displayed. In full duplex mode,
RTS (request to send) is raised any time the
terminal is on line .. In half duplex RTS is raised
only when transmission occurs.
2.7.9

Inhibit Escape Codes (83-2)

With the switch on, all single key escape code
sequences are performed locally without transmission, regardless of half or full duplex modes.
The ESC key remains unaffected and operable.

110 300 1200 1800 2400 4800 9600 19200
MAIN BAUD RATE
ESC, 7,

Go On Line (83-1)

2.8.8

Current Loop (83-8)

This switch must be on if the current loop option
is selected for use.

INTERNAL 8WITCH U8E

2-8

SECTION III
OPERATION

3.1

cover of the terminal specifies the electrical
power requirements of the DM30. When moving the terminal to an alternate operating position, make sure that the selected power outlet is properly grounded and supplies the correct operating voltage/frequency. Get technical assistance, if necessary, in making this determination.

INTRODUCTION

This section provides both basic and detailed operating instructions for the DM30. Section 3.2 is
a simplified operating guide which explains in
nontechnical language how to ~urn on the terminal and use it for most data communications
tasks. Operating modes and other terminal features are explained and examples are given where
necessary. Section 3.3 provides more detailed
operating information which is necessary for the
programmer or technician who must install and
interface the terminal with other data communications equipment.

3.2

BASIC OPERATION DESCRIPTION

3.2.1

General

The proper turn-on procedure for the terminal
is as follows:
a.
Set the rear panel POWER ON/OFF switch
to ON (see Figure 2-3); allow a warm-up
period of about a minute and ensure that
the cursor and status line have appeared
on the screen. If both the cursor and status
line do not appear, check the brightness
and contrast adjustments, as explained in b.

The DM30 is not a difficult device to operate
and, with sufficient practice, any typist can
master this very versatile machine. The keyboard bears close resemblance to a standard
typewriter and also includes features found in
teletype equipment. The big difference, however, i.s the CRT (picture tube) display. Unlike
printed paper output, video data can be easily
altered and corrected by the operator before
transmission to an auxiliary device, printer, or
host computer.

3.2.2

b.

Turn the brightness control (located on the
rear panel; see Figure 2-3) until a raster is
faintly visible on the screen. Write several
characters on the screen with the terminal
in half duplex (see Section 2.7.5), using
both high and low intensity. Use the half
intensity visual attribute as described under
ASET in Table 3-2 for an accurate halfintensity level. Reduce the brightness until the background raster is extinguished.
Adjust the contrast control (another rear
panel component) until the difference between full and half intensity characters is
easily distinguished.

c.

Any time power is applied to the DM30
it performs a display memory test and a .
system operation test. Because of the CRT
warmup time, there is no visible effect on
the screen. If the unit is turned off an(j

Turn.()n Procedure

Before the DM30 is used, it must be properly
installed and set up in accordance with Section
II of this manual. This should be attempted
only by qualified personnel.
An identification plate located on the bottom

3-1

back on, a slight display flicker occurs
while the self test is run. When the self
test is successfully completed, "SYSTEM
ROY" appears on the status line. In the
event of a test failure, "ER R CHECK"
appears. Self test may also be initiated
from the keyboard as described under
TEST in Table 3-2, or it may be initiated by the host computer.

3.2.3

Character co~es ~ For example, striking
the "A" key causes the displCllable character code for the letter " a " to be produced ("A" when shifted). Depending
on the mode of operation selected, the
"a" will be transmitted, displayed on
the screen, or both.

b.

Control Character codes - These are not
displayed, but cause specific functions
to occur. To generate a control character code, depress and hold down the
CONTROL key while simultaneously
typing the required alphanumeric key.
Example: CONTROL G rings the bell.

c.

Escape sequence codes - These are also
nondisplayed and cause specific functions
to occur. To perform an E;scape operation, depress and release the ESC key,
followed by the designated alphanumeric
key. Example: ESC E clears the screen .
If the CONTROL key is held down
with the ESC key, the Escape sequence
takes place within the terminal only and
does not affect other equipment.

Rear Panel Switches

Switch blocks 1 and 2 (Sl and S2) on the rear
panel enable/disable certain operating features
of DM30. There are a total of 16 miniature
switches, eight on each switch block. Most
rear panel switches require no operator attention because they must be properly set
when the terminal is installed. Section 2.7
describes how to change a switch and the
reset procedure which must be used follow,
.ing .each switch change.

3.2.4

a.

Keyboard Controls

The DM30 keyboard is shown in Figure 3-1.
The keyboard's main function is to generate
codes which the terminal uses to display information and communicate with other equipment. The keyboard produces three main
types of codes:

Table 3-1 is an ASCII chart which the operator
may use in determining what keyboard sequence to use in performing a given control or
escape function. Note that the chart has three
columns: Control Characters, Displayable

I SEND I lOCAL IA-SENDI E-AUX IAUX ON I PAGE IM-lOCKI fORMS I A-SET IRESET I PRINT ISCRl i ISCRl! I B-TAB I
\

BACK
SPACE

7

8

9

CE

DEL

BREAK

4

5

6

-

1

2

3

EOP
CLEAR
EOF

Figure 3-1 DM30 Keyboard

3-2

~

CLEAR

0

E
N
T
E
R

CONTROL

DISPLAYABLE

ESCAPE
SE~UENCES

BIT

7

43212

00,

000
@

P

0000

NUL

OLE

0001

SOH

DCI
X-ON

B

0010

STX

~
e-

ETX

DC3
X-OFF

m

ct'
....

o

w

W

s:
~
»

ACK

BEL

~

BS

A

Q

B

3
4

C

&

ETB
XMIT

x
CAN

HT

EM

n

1010

LF

J

VT

SUB

5
6

E

u

F

7

G

8

H

z

ESC

L

1100

FF

1101

CR

1110

SO

s
T

a

1"

c
d

FS

*

J

+

K

•

<

v

e
f

l

DISPLAY
MESSAGE
ON

BOOT
LD RUN

DISPLAY
MESSAGE
OFF

s

N

A

>

RS

o
1111

SI

US

I~':::*I
:~~~;~t~·

/

?

N

u
v

FORMS
BUILD
SEND
ENTER
CODE

x

h

x

AUX
ON

y

z

I/O Functions
.
0 nIy

PARALLEL
ON

n

3 CODE

o

2

3

4

t

---

"0

'"

3-CODE
EXTENSION

LINE
DELETE
CHARACTER P

PAGE
DELETE
CHARACTER

Fl

SCROLL
UP

A

LINE
INSERT
ON

B

GRAPHIC
MODE
ON

SCROLL
DOWN

C

GRAPHIC
MODE
OFF

PREVIOUS
PAGE

CLEAR

5

MODIFIED
MODE
ON

T

MODIFIED
MODE
OFF

U

ATTRIBUTE
SET
ATTRIBUTE
DELETE

~

3

u

PARALLEL
ENABLE

5

F1
MEMORY
LOCK
ON

OFF
CURSOR
ADDRESS

PAGE
SEND
CLEAR
EDP

F8

9

MEMORY
LOCK

J

CURSOR
DISPLAY
ON/OFF

Y

Z

F9

h

LINE
SEND

FlO

ENABLE
AUX
PORT

Fll

DISABLE
AUX
PORT

F12
k

START
BLINK

F13

F15

EXTENSION
AUX
PAGE
DUMP

F6
e

2

PRINT
PARALLEL.

F5
d

WRITE
CONTROL
MODE

H

+

NEXT
PAGE

F2

HOME

LINE
MONITOR
OFF

m

AUX
BAUD
RATE SET

•

'0,

MAIN BAUD
RATE SET

OFF

CLEAR
ENTRY
{CEI

\

&

AUX

START
FIELD
SPECIAL

k

o

$

AUX
LINE
SEND

START
CONSTANT
FIELD
%

w

1\

#

AUX
PAGE
SEND

t

9

M

INSERT
CHARACTER
OFF
@

PAGE
MODE

LINE
MODE

100

"

q

w

z

0

SET
CLOCK

M
GS

0 '0

p

b

v

9

K

1011

R

o

Y

1001

i...
....

1

v

H

1000

$
%

SYN

G

0111

p

"0

U

F
0110

#

NAK

ENO

@

S

DC4

EOT

1'01

II

2

T

E

0101

o

I 0" I 100

R

D
0100

SP

DC2

C

0011

0, 0

>

n

PAGE
DUMP

F16
o

*Deletes field if cursor is
positioned at field start
and ESC [ ESC] is performed.
(4 codes.)

~
L

7

Characters, and Escape Sequences. Using the
chart is best explained by giving examples:
If the operator wants a line feed (LF) to occur,
the sequence CONTROL J is used; to initiate
the self test, the sequence ESC f is used.

3.2.6

When the DM30 is on line, transmission occurs
in a character-by-character fashion as the keys
are depressed. This is called a "conversational"
mode and is used by the terminal to communicate
with both the CPU and auxiliary devices~' When
thE:! terminal is in the local mode, the screen contents may be transmitted in block send fashion a .
line or a page at a time. The SEND key initiates
such transmissions out the Main I/O and the.
ASEND performs a similar job for the auxiliary
port. The PRINT key sends data out the parallel
port.

Table 3-2 is a summary of escape sequences
which are defined for the DM30. This list
may be extracted from the manual and
posted for reference during initial operator
training. Complete descriptions of each
terminal function are presented in Section
3.3.
Table 3- 3 is a listing of all DM30 keyboard
keys. Each is described in su'fficient dfi!tail
to enable the operator to use it effectively.
A technical approach to this information'
which is considerably more detailed and complete is included in Section 3.3.
.3.2.5

3.2.7

Communication Modes

Subcharacter Display - When using the DM30
in communication with a CPU in full duplex and
a receiver error occurs on either a transmitted
or received message, the S8 character is displayed
and a simultaneous audible alarm occurs.
Audible Alarm - The CONTROL G sequence
(bell character) causes momentary action of the
audible alarm. This is usually a result of the
cursor passing the 72nd character position while
entering data from the keyboard in local or
half-duplex to warn the operator of the approaching line end. The momentary alarm also occurs
when an illegal keyboard entry is attempted or
a receiver error is detected. When the data entry
begins in line 48, the audible alarm sounds when
the cursor moves past character position 3 to warn
the operator he is in the last line. Scrolling past
line 48 also causes the alarm to sound. The CPU
may gain the attention of the operator using the
continuous alarm feature (ESC 8). The operator
can end a continuous alarm by striking any keyboard key.

Local - Data communication takes place between
.
the keyboard and display memory only. No
data transmission occurs unless the SEND or
ASEND functions are used for block transmission.
On Line - Data are entered into memory, displayed
and transmitted to the CPU. Transmission of the
data to the CPU takes place in eithe(fuU duplex or
half duplex.
.

b.

Additional Operating Features

Many of the following DM30 capabilities are not
readily apparent when looking at the keyboard.
Some are implemented using Control and Escape functions and others occur as an end result
of the terminal operating program .

The DM30 terminal is capable of operating
off line (local) or on line. Two operational
modes of communication are provided when
the unit is on line: full duplex (FDX) and half
duplex (HDX). "LOCAL" or "ON LINE" is
displayed in field A of the status line, depending on the mode selected.

a.

Transmission Modes

Full duplex - Data sent from the keyboard
through the I/O port go to the CPU only and
are not displayed. Only data received from
the CPU are displayed by the terminal.

Clock - A 24-hour clock which can be used to
indicate elapsed time or time of day can be made
to appear in the status line by using the pro~·
cedure outlined in Section 3.3.

Half duplex - Keyboard entered data· are diSplayed and transmitted to the CPU si multaneously.

Graphics - The construction of line drawings
and forms may be accomplished using the terminal's Graphics mode. Eleven characters are
continued on page 3-8

3-4

Table 3-2 Escape Sequence Reference Chart
Forms Build ----------------------------------------- ESC &
Forms Off/Forms Build Off ---------------- ESC X
Forms On -------------------------------------------- ESC W
Graphic Mode Off --------------------------------- ESC S
Graphic Mode On ---------------------------------- ESC R
Home ----------------------------------------------------- ESC H
I nsert Character Off ------------------------------ ESC @
I nsert Line --------------------------------------------- ESC L
Keyboard D isab Ie ---------------------------------- ESC c
Keyboard Enable ---------------------------------- ESC b
Line Delete Character --------------------------- ESC P
Line Insert On ------------------------------------- ESC Q
Line Lock --------------------------------------------- ESC <
Line Mode -------------------------------------------- ESC #
Line Send --------------------------------------------- ESC i
Li n e Un lock ----------------------------------------- ES C=
Main Baud Rate Set ----------------------------- ESC 7
Memory Lock Off -------------------------------- ESC h
Memory Lock On --------------------------------- ESC g
Modified Mode Off ------------------------------- ESC U
Modified Mode On ------------------------------- ESC T
Monitor Mode Off ------------------------------- ESC *
Monitor Mode On -------------------------------- ESC :
Normal Video -------------------------------------- ESC m
Off Line ----------------------------------------------- ESC N
On Line ------------------------------------------------ ESC n
Page Delete Character -------------------------- ESC'
Page Dump ------------------------------------------- ESC 0
Page Insert On -------------------------------------- ESC a
Page Mode -------------------------------------------- ESC!
Page Send --------------------------------------------- ESC I
Para lie Ian -------------------------------------------- ESC Read Cursor Character ------------------------- ESC G
Read Data at Memory Pointer ------------- ESC Read Terminal Status -------------------------- ESC a
R.eset ---------------------------------------------------- ESC V
Se If Test ---------------------------------------------- ESC f
Send Enter Code --------------------------------- ESC
Set Clock ---------------------------------------------- ESC s p
Set Memory Pointer ------------------------------ ESC A

Attribute Delete ----------------------------------- ESC e
A ttrib ute Set ---------------------------------------- ESC d
Aux Baud Rate Set ------------------------------- ESC 5
Aux Line Send -------------------------------------- ESC 4
Aux Off ----------------------------------------------- ESC )
Aux On ------------------------------------------------ ESC (
Aux Page Dump ------------------------------------ ESC /
Aux Page Send ------------------------------------- ESC 3
Aux Port Disable ----------------------------------- ESC k
Aux Port E nab Ie ----------------------------------- ES C j
Aux Send -------------------------.------------------- ESC 0
Back Tab ---------------------------------------------- ESC>
Boot Load Run ------------------------------------- ESC
Clear to End of Line ---------------------------- J:SC K
Clear to End of Page ---------------------------- ESC J
Clea r Entry ------------------------------------------- ESC ,
Clea r Screen -------------------------------~---------- ESC E
Continuous Alarm Off-------------------------- ESC 9
Continuous Alarm On --------------------------- ESC a
CPU Message Deposit --------------------------- ESC ;
Cursor Address -------------------------------.----- ESC Y
Cursor Address ------------------------------------- ESC F
Cursor Display On/Off ------------------------- ESC Z
Cursor Down ---------------------------------------- ESC B
Cursor Left ------------------------------------------- ESC D
Cursor Right ----------------------------------------- E-SC C
Cursor Sense ----------------------------------------- ESC \
Cursor Up --------------------------------------------- ESC A
Delete Line ------------------------------------------- ESC M
Display Message Off ----------------------------- ESC 2
Display Message On ------------------------------ ESC 1
II

F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
Fa

----------------- ESC
------------------ ESC
----------------- ESC
----------------- ESC
----------------- ESC
----------------- ESC
----------------- ESC
----------------- ESC

p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w

F9 ----------------F 10 --------------F 11 --------------F 12 --------------F 13 --------------F 14 --------------F 15 --------------F 1 6 ---------------

ESC x
ESC y .
ESC z
ESC {
ESC:
ESC }
ESC.-v
ESC ~

I

L

Three Code Extensions
Absolute Cursor Address ---------------------- ESC. ;
Parallel Enable -------------------------------------- ESC.
Absolute Cursor Sense -------------------------- ESC. <
Parallel Status --------------------------------------- ESC.
Absolute Home ------------------------------------- ESC. 6
Previous Page ---------------------------------------- ESC .
Absolute Memory Address Pointer ------- ESC. 7
Print Parallel ----------------------------------------- ESC.
Next Page ---------------------------------------------- ESC . 1
Seria I Status ------------------------------------------ ESC .
Page Dump Block Size & Term ------------ ESC. :
Scroll Down ------------------------------------------ESC .
Scro II Up ---------------------------------------------- ESC . 0

3-5

5 .
9
3
4
a
2

Table 3-3 Keyboard Functions
KEY
F1- F16

FUNCTION

key~

The operation of the special function keys is determined by the user. Depression of any of these keys causes transmission
of the codes indicated on Table 3-1. The CPU responds to these codes as determined by local programming. Seek local
technical advice when'necessary in determining what functions (if any) have been assigned to these keys.

DUNE

The DUNE key causes the cursor-occupied line.to be deleted and the remaining lines below to move up one line.

IUNE

Depressing the IUNE key causes data from the cursor-occupied line on down to be moved one line lower. The cursor is
positioned to the beginning of the blank line which is created and data may then be entered in that line as desired by the
operator.

DCHAR

The DCHAR key causes the character at the current cursor position to be deleted. Th.e remaining data from the cursor
position to the end of the line move one character position left for elich deleted character. Spaces for each delet.ed character are added to the end of the line. The CONTROL DCHAR sequence cauSes.characters to be deleted on a. total memory
basis, with all data past the cursor to the end 'of the display moving left'_ As before, spaces are inserted at.the end of
memory for each deleted character.
..

ICHAR

Depression of this key initiates the insert "",liracter mode. All data on the current line move one character position right
of the cursor as new characters are inserted at the cursor location_ Da1a at the end of the line are lost. The CONTROL
ICHAR sequence initiates the page insert mode. As characters are entered at the cursor 10Catipn, all data to the right of
the cursor are moved one position to the right for each character entered. Characters are deleted as they reach the end
of memory.
.
.

SEND

The SEND key iniates a block transmission out the main port when the terminal is in a local mode. In the Page mode
"PAGE" is displayed in Field B 9' the stafl" line and the following events occur when the SEND key IS Strud(: 1) Ex"
is displayed at the current cursor. position; 2) the cursor backsearches through the screen until it encounters another Ex
symbol or the Home position (top left comer of the display); 3) each character of each line is then transmitted (with
spates to the end of line suppressed) and the line is followed by a 'CR LF or a CRonly in the case of a completely full
80 character line. When the cursor reaches its original position"it 'halts. The operator must move the cursor to the end
of the next data block if another block send of subSequent mllterial is desired. During data transmission, the status line
indieates "MAIN SEND" and the keyboard is disabled. In Line mode/'LINE" is displayed in status line. The cilrsor returns to the start of the present line before transmission and only the 'Cursor-occupied.line (minus trailing spaces) is sent.
No Ex character is written on the screen and the cursor appears in the first position of the following line after transmission.

LOCAL

Depression of the LOCAL.key alternately toggles the termi'nal from local to on line modes. The host computer (CPU)
can place the terminal on line with an ESC n sequence 'and in local mode with im ESC N. "LOCAL" or "ON LINE";
appears in the status line, depending on tile mode selected.

A-SEND

The A-sEND key is the equivalent of the SEND key except that transmission is out the aux port to the auxiliary device.

.E-AUX

This key is analogous to the LOCAL key because it alternately enables/disables full communications between the keyboard, screen and auxiliary device. When E-AUX is on, "AUX ROY /BSY" appears in the status line. When interlocked
yvith the'CONTROL key, E-AUX alternately, enables/disables the parallel port.
'

PAGE

The PAGE key toggles the terminal between the line 'and page transmission modes. "LINE" or "PAGE" appears in the
status line depending on the mode selected. In the line mode, the SEND key initiates a line send function. In the page
mode the SEND key initiates a block or page' transmission. Further information is available under SEND in this table
and in Section 3.3.

AUXON

The Aux On key is a toggle function also which logically connects/disconnects the main I/O port and auxiliary I/O port.
In this way, the CPU may communicate directly with the auxiliary device. If the terminal is on line, incoming data from
the CPU is displayed on the screen. "AUX ON" is present in field D of the status line when this mode is selected. When
interlocked with the CONTROL key, AUX ON alternately activates/deactivates the ~rallet. on mode.

(Special Functior

NOTE: Do not use combinations of On Line, Aux On and Aux Enable. Unwanted data paths resulting in multiple
characters and other problems may occur.
MLOCK

This toggle key alternately enables/disables the memory lock function. When enabled ,(on depression of key or receipt of
ESC g), the display area above thecursor-occupied line is locked from oper/ltor access, but the area below this line functions
normally. Subsequent depression of the MLOCK key Or receipt of ESC h disables.the memory lock function and the
entire display screen is returned to normal operation. "MEM LOCK" on the status line indi.cates this mode is being used.

FORMS

This key puts the terminal in forms mode or when interlocked with the CONT~OL key, the forms build mode is entered.
"FORMS" or "FORMS BLD" appears in the status line, depending 9n which mode is selected.
The forms mode is usually used when the oPllrator must deal with Ii preconstrueted form w/1ich is transmitted to the terminal by the CPU for the operator to complete. Such a form usually contains .Jrotected data which in the forms mode the
fJperator is unable to alter. Other areas of the form arll unprotected fields which are reServed for operator entry of such
information as name, address, telephonilnumb.r, zip code, etc. The forms mode'is often automatically entered when a
form is presented to the operator for completion. The cursor is positioned to the beginning of the first unprotected field.
The exit requirements of that field must be met beffJre the operator may proceed. to the next field. If an error is made
while completing an unprotected field, the operator is notified of this by a message which appears in the status line in
reversed blinking video. The error must be corrected before the operator can continue on to the next field. The completed
form may then be transmitted by the operator using the SEND key.
The forms build mode is used to generate forms locally for eventual transmission to the host computer •.This mode is not
commonly used by most operators. Forms and forms build are explained in detail in Section 3.3.

(continued on next page)

3-6

Table 3-3 Keyboard Functions (continued)
KEY

FUNCTION

ASET

The ASET key when depressed causes the next entry to be interpreted as a visual attribute. Other keys are ignored. Example: ASET Q causes the screen to become half intensity reversed v~eo from the cursor position to the end of the screan
(or until another attribute is sed. See Section 3.3.

RESET

The CONTROL RESET sequence causes the terminal to revert to the initial "power on" condition, except that the screen
contents remain undisturbed.

PRINT

Activation of this key causes the terminal to transmit all memory contents from absolute Home to the current cursor loca,tion out the printer (parallel) port.

SCRL

t

Each activation of the scroll up key causes the display "window" to move down one line.

SCRL

-t

Each activation of the scroll down key causes the display "window" to move up one line.

BTAB

of-

(Cursor Leftl

'"

(Cursor Downl
HallIE

t

(CursorUpl

...-

(Cursor Right!
TAB

,Depressing the BTAB key causes the cursor to moVl! to the previous tab location to the left. When the cursor reaches
the first tab position on a line. it then moves to the last tab position of t'he previous line. The cursor remains at the
HOME position when back-tabbed there and does not wrap around to the last line.
Depression of this key or ESC D moves the cursor to the left. If the cursor is at the first character position on a line, the
cursor moves to the last character on the line above and upon reaching Home, remains there.
Depression of this key or ESC B moves the cursor to the same character position on the next line down. If on the last
line, the cursor remains t~re.
Depression of this key or ESC H moves the cursor to the upper left corner of the display. This is the relative
Home position. The cursor can be placed in the absolute Home position (line 1, column 11 with the
CONTROL HOME sequence or ESC. 6.
Depression of this key or ESC A moves the cursor to the same character position in the next line above. Upon reaching
the top line, thll cursor remains there.
Depression of this key or ESC C moves the cursor to the next character position. When the cursor reaches the last character position on the line, it moves to the first position on the next line down. When the cursor reaches the last position
on the last line, it remains there.
The TAB key moves the cursor to the next tabulation position. Fixed tab locations occur each eight character positions,
e.g., position 0,8, 16, etc. Tabs cannot be set by the operator.
Selection of roll or non-roll mode also affects TAB key operation. In roll mode TAB key actuation advances the
cursor to the next available tabulation stop. When the cursor is at the last tab stop of line 48, the next TAB key
actuation scrolls the screen and moves the cursor to the next tab. In non-roll mode, the cursor, is also positioned
from tab stop to tab stop when the TAB key is pressed. However, when the cursor is in the last position of line
48, TAB key actuation has no effect on cursor position except to move it around in line 48.

Alphanumeric
Keys (A-z. pu nCo
tuation, and
shiftable
numeric keys

The remaining keys, which are arranged and like the familiar standard typewriter keyboard, function as such. When used
in conjunction with SHIFT/LOCK keys, the associated letter, number, symbol or punctuation mark is displayed and/or
transmitted.

BACKSPACE

This key is equivalent to the +. key. except that the ASCII back space code is transmitted when on line. OONTROL H
is the ASCII back space (8SI code.

ESC

Depression of ESC, followed by an alphanumeric or symbol key, causes the terminal to perform an Escape function as
described in part c of 3.2A and as listed on the ASCII Code chart, Table 3·1.

LF

Depression of this key causes the cursor to move down one line while occupying the same character position.

RETURN
(Carriage Returnl

This key causes the cursor to move to first position of the current line while not in auto line feed mode (switch
81-3 downl. If auto line feed is on the cursor advances to the beginning of the following line.

DEL/_
'(Delete!
underlinel
BREAK

Depression of this key causes an underline to be displayed (if struck over existing data, it replaces the data with an
underline!. With the SHI FT key depressed, it causes a delete code to be transmitted but not displayed.

LOCK

The LOCK key is more accurately described as a "caps lock" because it affects the alpha characters (A-ZI only. It is a
toggle key also. This means striking the key once causes it to assume a detent position (the key remains depressed)
and upper case characters only may be produced. Striking the key again releases it from the detent position, enabling
lower case characters to be produced.

SHIFT

Nonalpha displayable keys such as !/1 are manipulated with the SHIFT keys. When entering an alpha character with the
LOCK on and a SHIFT depressed, a double shift occurs which results in a lower case character being displayed.

EOP
CLEAR

When interlocked with the OONTROL key, this key causes erasure of all displayed data from the current cursor position to the end of memory. When actuated alone, data from the current cursor position to the end of the line is
erased.

EOF

The CONTROL BREAK sequence may be used to interrupt transmission from the host C'U. Actuation of the BREAK
key alone causes no operation.

(continued on next page)

3-7

Table 3-3 Keyboard Functions (concluded)
KEY

FUNCTION

CLEAR

When this key is used with the CONTROL key, the entire screen contents are erased and the cursor is positioned to
Home. The interlocking of the two keys is a safety feature to prevent accidental erasure.

CONTROL

Depression of either CONTROL key followed by an alphanumeric or symbol key causas the terminal to perform
a Control function as described in part b of 3.2A and as listed on the ASCII Code chart. Table 3·1.

SPACE BAR

The space bar is not labeled because its location and operation are very similar to the equivalent typewriter ke'l' Its basic
function is to move the cursor right one character position. After the cursor reaches the last character position of the
currently-occupied line, it moves to the next line down leaving a space on the screen. The space is treated as a standard
character code.
.

0-9 keys

(Numeric padl
CE

(-I

These are stand·alone numeric entry data keys. Numeric pad keys are not affected by the SHIFT. LOCK. or CONTROL
keys.
The CE (clearentrylkey only works when the terminal is in forms mode. Depressing this key moves the cursor
to the beginning of the current unprotecte~ field and erases to the end of the field. Forms mode is described later
in Section 3.3.
.
The Minus key generates the same code as in the typewriter array~

(Minusl
ENTER

The ENTER key generates the termination character selected by the rear panel switches. If CR (carriage returnl or
CR LF (carriage return·line feedl are selected. the terminel performs these functions when the ENTER key is depressed. If EOT (end of transmissionI ETX {end of text) are selected. the terminal transmits these cOdes but no
visible display functions occur.
.

(,1
(Decimal
Pointl

The decimal point key generates the same code as the period on the typewriter array. This key is included on the
numeric pad as a convenienoe feature.
continued from page 3-4

available to make graphs, charts, etc., which can
be transmitted to the CPU for storage and later
recall. See Section 3.3.

to display the first or second page of memory.
(Next page/previous page functions.) Figure
3-2 illustrates how the display "window" ma'y
be moved through both pages of memory.

Read Terminal Status - The ESC a sequence
may be used by the operator to promote a 27character status line message which summarizes
the current terminal operating configuration
(baud rates, duplex setting, rear panel switch
positions, etc.,). The message appears in the
status line and is interpreted using Section
3.3.19.

Along with the 24 lines which are displayed
is the status line which is always presented
in line 25. This line is not considered a part
of normal display memory and is accessed
only under special conditions. See Section
3.3.19.
Data received to the display memory automatically overflow each line end, and on
reaching the bottom line of the display window normally causes scrolling without losing the data from memory. On reaching
the end of memory scrolling causes data
at the top of memory to be discarded a line
at a time. To prevent data loss caUSed by
scrolling, the roll mode is disabled as described in Section 2.7.2.

Line Lock - The CPU may designate display.
lines as reserved for its exclusive use. The operator has no control over this, but "LINE
LOCK" appears on the status line when such
has occurred. The operator may enter data in
any locked area of display that remains.

3.2.8

Display Memory Management

The capacity of the DM30 display memory is
3840 character positions organized as 48 lines
each 80 characters long.
The memory is structured as a contiguous
block of 48 lines with.a 24 line display "window" which automatically adjusts at all times
to ensure the cursor position is always displayed
on the screen. The display window may be
scrolled up and down a line at a ti me (see
scroll up/scroll down functions), or selected

3.3
3.3.1

DETAILED OPERATION DESCRIPTION
General

This section provides detailed functional information onthe DM30. It is assumed that the.
reader has some background in digital communications and is familiar with some of the term- .
inology involved. To understand all terminal
continued on page 3·11

3-8

Figure 3-2 Display Window/Memory Relationships

Line 1

DISPLAY

\

Page 1 Display

Status Line

~

--"

)

Line 48
Line 1

(

~

~

1\

Line 24
Line 25

Page 2 Display

DISPLAY

Line 48
Status Line

3-9

Figure 3-2 (concluded) .

Line 1

Display window can be moved
to exhibit any 24 contiguous lines
in the two pages (48 lines) of
memory.

Line 48

3-10

continued from page 3.a

and using the CONTROL key in conjunction with
this operation would result in a clock displayed on
the terminal screen with no clock information
being transmitted out the I/O.

capabilities thoroughly, the user must read this
section because it covers terminal functions·
which .are interrelated and mode-dependent.
While none of the following material is difficult,
the user must be acquainted with it to realize
maximum efficiency from the DM30.
3.3.2

SHIFT and LOCK

Keyboard Management

Control Functions

EjJ

The SHIFT and LOCK keys are used to generate
upper case codes and are operated the same as the
equivalent typewriter keys, except as follows:

To perform a Control operation, depress the
CONTRO L key and hold this key down while
simultaneously typing the alphanumeric key
desired. The CONTROL key is used to modify
the meaning (and code) of certain other keys.
When held down during action of any displayable character key (columns 2-7 .of ASCII Code
Chart), bits.6 and 7 of the code are forced to zero
to that the codes from rows 0 and 1 of the chart
can be produced from the keyboard. It is also
used as a safeguard for functions like clear, break,
reset and others so that the accidental striking
of these keys does not destroy screen contents
or disrupt communications. CONTROL does
not affect the 16 special function keys or the
numeric pad.
Escape Functions

The LOCK key (also called the alpha lock key)
affects alpha characters (A-Z, upper and lower
case) only, so the SHIFT key must be used to
manipulate the ot~er displayable keys such as !/1.
When entering an alpha character with the LOCK
on and the SHI FT depressed, a double shift
occurs which results in lower case characters
being displayed. The SHI FT keys do not affect
special function keys or numeric pad keys.

The numeric pad keys shown below, when depressed, cause the associated characterto be .

[~~]

To perform an escape operation, depress and release the ESC key, followed by the designated
alphanumeric key. Be careful that any commas
or dashes appearing in the explanation of an
escape or control operation are actually part of
the intended sequence before entering them on
the keyboard. Often the punctuation is included
in the text only to help clarify the explanation of
a mUltiple entry keyboard operation. The ASCII
Code chart is the best place to verify unfamiliar
control or escape sequences.

7

8

9

CE

4

5

6

-

1

2

3

E
N

0

T
E
R

dilPlayed and/or transmitted. The numeric pad
includes aCE, Minus,and
ENTER key. This group
is a stand-alone numeric
data entry key pad, not
affected by the SHI FT,
LOCK, or CONTROL keys.

The ENTER key generates the termination character designated by the rear panel switches ('see
Section 2.7.5). If a CR or CR-LF is the selected
termination character and the ENTER key is
struck while in LoCal or half duplex, the terminal activates the code locally and transmits
it if in On Line. There is no visible screen re~
sponse to EOT or ETX, but these codes are·
transmitted. The Minus key in the numeric
pad generates the same code as the typewriter
Minus key. The CE (Clear Entry) feature is
operational only while in the FORMS mode
and positions the cursor to the beginning of
the current unprotected field, erasing to the
end of the field. If On Line in the Forms mode or
normal mode, the CE key generates ESC, (comma).

The ESC key is used as the first code in a multiple code sequence. It must be pressed and released before the second key is struck.
On Line:

Numeric Pad Functions

3.3.3

ASCII ESC is transmitted.

The CONTROL ESC sequence allows local action
of escape code sequences. The codes will not be
transmitted even if On Line. This sequence overrides full duplex and all other switch settings. For
example, setting the clock as described in 3.3.16

3-11

3.3.4

Forms Mode:

Edit Functions

Keyboard Operation:

The edit function keys are shown below.

10 LINE I, LINE 10 CHARI, CHAR I

BJ

I/O Operation:

Keyboard action ofthe delete line key (DLlNE)
causes the current cursor line to be deleted. The
remaining lines cue each moved up one:iine and
a blank line is inserted at the end of the display.
The cursor is positioned to the·beginning of the
line it currently occupies. If DUNE is used on a
line·where an attribute is set,the attfibute:is also
deleted, even if the attribute affects multiple lines.

I/O Operation:

. (CONTROL DCHAR)
Keyboard action of the delete character key in
oonjunction with the oontrol key (CONTROLDCHAR) causes character deletion on a total .
memory basis.
All data to the end of
memory are moved and wrapped around to the
left with a space insert~ at the end of memory.

D LINE or ESC M.

Forms Mode:

Receipt of ESC M.

Transmitteq Code:

Insert Line (J LINE)

I/O Operation:

ESC \

Insert Character - On a Line Basis (lCHAR)
Keyboard action of the insert character key
(I CHAR) initiates the insert character mode and
the message "LlNE INSRT" appears in field F of
the status line .. All data in the current line are
moved to the right, from and including the character at the cursor, as new characters are ente~ed .
The cursor moves to the right as each character
is inserted, indicating the location of the next inserted character. Data are lost at the end of the
line. Striking the ICHAR key a second time cancels the insert character mode.

Illegal; rings bell.
I LINE or ESC L

Receipt of ESC L

Transmitted Code:

CONTROL DCHAR or ESC'

Receipt of ESC'

Transmitted Code:

Keyboard action of the insert line key (I LI NE)
causes all data to be moved down one line,
starting at and including the cursor-occupied line.
A blank line is inserted at the original cursor line
position and the cursor is positioned to the beginning of the new blank line. Any data in the last
line of memory (line 48) are lost.

Keyboard Operation:

Illegal: rings bell.

Keyboard Operation:

ESC M.

I/O Operation:

Forms Mode:

ESC P

Delete Character - On a Total Memory Basis

Illegal; rings bell.

Keyboard Operation;

DCHAR or ESC P

Receipt of ESC P

Transmitted Code:

Delete Line (DLlNE)

Forms Mode:

Character deletion is on a field basis.

ESC L

Forms Mode:

Character insertion is on field
basis.
Keyboard Operation: ICHAR or ESC Q sets mode
on.
ICHAR or ESC @ sets mode
off.
110 Operation: Receipt of ESC Q sets mode on.
Receipt of ESC @sets mode off.
Transmitted Code: ESC Q for mode on.
ESC @for mode off.

Delete Character - On a Line Basis (DCHAR)
Keyboard action of the Delete Character (DCHAR)
key causes the turrent cursor character to be deleted. All data to .the end of the line is moved left
one position and a space is inserted at the end of
the Ihie.

3-12

moves to the first unlocked location
. available (moving from the top of
the screen down).

Insert Character - On a Total Memorv Basis
(CONTROL ICHAR)
Keyboard action of the insert character key in conjunction with the CONTROL key initiates the page
insert mode. "PAGE INSRT" appears in field F of
the status line and all data to the end of memory are
moved and wrapped around to the right as characters are inserted at the cursor position. Characters
are lost at the end of memory; Striking the ICHAR
key again resets this mode.
Forms Mode:

CONTROL ICHAR or ESC a
sets mode on;
ICHAR or ESC @sets mode
off.
Receipt of ESGa sets mode on.
Receipt of ESC @sets mode off.

Transmitted Code:

3.3.5

Transmitted Code:

ESC H or ESC .6.

Cursor Left (.+-)

Illegal; rings bell.

Keyboard Operation:

I/O Operation:

Keyboard Operation: HOME or ESC H for relative Home CONTROL Home or
ESC .6 for absolute HOME.
I/O Operation: ESC H or ESC .6.

Action of the + key advances the cursor one position to the left. On reaching column 1 of a line,
it wraps to column 80 of the previous line. On
reaching Home, it stops.
Moves cursor left within the field.

Forms Mode:

Memory Lock/Line Lock: On reaching an area of
memory lock, the cursor stops. On
reaching a locked line, the cursor
wraps from co lumn 1 of the line below
the locked line to column 80 of the
first unlocked line above. If no further
unlocked lines remain before reaching
Home, the cursor stops.

ESC a when mode on.
ESC @when mode off.

Cursor Movement

The cursor movement keys are shown in below.

Keyboard Operation:

+ or ESC D.

I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC D.
Home (HOME)
Transmitted Code: ESC D.
Two Home locations are available within
memory to which the cursor may be directed.
Relative Home is the top left character position of the display. The cursor is directed
there by striking the HOME key or using the
ESC H sequence. Absolute Home is line 1,
column 1, which is the first memory location.
The cursor is directed there using CONTRO L
HOME or ESC .6. When the cursor is directed
to either relative or absolute Home, the display
"window" (See Section 3.2.8) adjusts automatically to maintain cursor visibility.
Forms Mode: The cursor moves to the first location of the first unprotected location on the screen. Absolute Home
is illegal.
Memory Lock/Line Lock: When portions of the
memory are locked, the cursor

Cursor Right

(~

Action of the +key advances the cursor one position right. On reaching line end, it wraps to column 1 of the next line below. On reaching column 80 of line 48, it stops.
Forms Mode:

Moves cursor right within the field.

Line Lock: On reaching a locked line, the cursor advances to the next unlocked
line, stopping on line 48.
Keyboard Operation:
I/O Operation:

Receipt of ESC C.

Transmitted Code:

3-13

+or ESC C.

ESC C.

Line Lock:

Cursor Up ( t )
Action of the t key advances the cursor up one
line; on reaching the Home line, it stops.
Forms Mode:

Keyboard Operation:

Moves cursor up within the field.

I/O Operation:

Transmitted Code:

Action of the RETURN key causes the cursor to
move to column 1 of the current line while not
in the auto line feed mode (switch Sl-3 down).
If auto line feed in on, the cursor advances to
oolumn 1 of the following line.

t or ESC A.

ESC A.

Forms Mode:

The cursor returns to the first unprotected location of the current
field.

Roll Mode:

If the auto line feed mode is selected, the DM30 display scrolls
if the cursor is on the bottom line.

Cursor Down ( .j..)
Action of the 4- key advances the cursor down
one line~ On reaching line 48, it stops.
Mo~es curs9r down within the field.

Forms Mode:
Line Lock:

Non-Roll Mode: If the auto line feed mode is
on, the cursor stays in line 48
if the RETURN key is struck while
the cursor occupies the bottom
Ihie.

On reaching a locked line, the cursor advances to the next unlocked
line, stopping on line 48.

Keyboard Operation:
I/O Operation:

4- or ESC B.

Enter Key (ENTER)

ESC B.

Transmitted Code:

If the selected termination character is CR or
CR-LF (see Section 2.7.5), action of the ENTER
key causes cursor movement. See carriage return
and line feed sections elsewhere in this manual
for relevant details.

ESC B.

Line Feed (LF)
Action of the line feed key causes the cursor to
advance to the next line down. On reaching line
48, if the terminal is in the roll mode (switch
Sl-2 up), action of the line feed key causes
scrolling to occur. Line 1 is lost and the data
moves upward to create a new line 48. If the
terminal is in the non-roll mode (switch Sl-2
down), the cursor stops on line 48.

Tabulate (TAB)
Action of the tab key causes the cursor to advance
to the right and halt at the next tab stop location.
Tab stops are fixed at locations 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48,
56, 64, and 72 of each line. The tab key automatically wraps at the end of each line.
Forms Mode:

Forms Mode:

CONTRa L J (LF)

Carriage Return (RETURN)

Receipt of ESC A.

Transmitted Code:

LF or CONTROL J.

Receipt of CONTRO L J (LF)

110 Operation:

Memory Lock/Line Lock: On reaching an area
of memory lock, the cursor stops.
On reaching a locked line, it advances to the first free unlocked
line,' stopping on line 1, if necessary.
Keyboard Operation:

In non-roll mode, encountering
a locked line advances the cursor
to the first unlocked line available
stopping on line 48.

The cursor moves within an unprotected field extending through
multiple lines.

3-14

.

Action of the tab key moves the
cursor sequentially to each unprotected field start deli miter on the
screen provided the exit parameters

of the current field have been met.
Attempts to tab when exit parameters are not met sounds the alarm
and the cursor does not move. Tabbing from the last field in memory
causes the cursor to halt.
Roll Mode:

In roll mode, action of the tab key
'advances the cursor sequentially
until it reaches the end of memory.
Tabbing beyond line 48 causes
scrolling to occur.

Non-Roll Mode:

In non-roll mode, the cursor stops
when tabbing is attempted from
line 48, character position 72.

3.3.6

Screen Erasure

The keys associated with screen erasure are shown
below.

o

.L...;;,;;.;....JL...C_LE_AR....

B

Clear Screen (CONTROL C!,.EAR)
Action of the clear key in conjunction with the
CONTROL key causes erasure of all data in memory
with the cursor returning to the Home position.
The clear key actuated without the CONTRO L
key causes no action. This is a safety feature to
prevent accidental erasure.

Keyboard Operation: TAB or CONTROL I (HT)
'I/O Operation: Receipt of CONTRO L I (HT)
Transmitted Code: CONTROL I (HT)

Forms Mode: The clear screen function causes the
erasure of all unprotected data to the
null codes with the cursor returning to
the first unprotected location of the
first field.

Back Tab (BTAB)
Action of the BTAB causes the cursor to back up
to the previous tab location, wrapping as necessary.
On reaching Home, the cursor halts. Locked lines
are tabbed around, not through.
Forms Mode: The BTAB causes the cursor to
reverse to the beginning of the field
it currently occupies. Action of the
BTAB key a second time reverses the
cursor to the start of the previous field.
BTAB stops on reaching the Home
location in the first field.

Memory Lock/Line Lock: The clear function causes
erasure of all unlocked areas of memory whi Ie allowing locked areas of data
to remain. The cursor moves to the
first unlocked memory location.
Keyboard Operation: CONTROL CLEAR or ESC E
I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC E
Transmitted Code: ESC E

Keyboard Operation: BTABor ESC>
I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC>

Erase to End of Line (CLEAR EOP/EOF)
Transmitted Code: ESC>
Action of this key causes erasure of displayed
data fro m the current cursor position to the end
of the line.
Back Space (BACK SPACE)
Note: If forms delimiters are present in memory
but forms mode is not currently selected, these
delimiters are not altered by using the erase to
end of line function.

This key is equivalent to the + key except that the
ASCII back space code is transmitted when on line.
Local effects are identical to +.

3-15

Forms Mode: Erases all unprotected data to the
null codes from the current cursor
position to the end of the field.

3.3.7

Communication-related keys are shown below.

Keyboard Operation: Action of the CLEAR EOP/EOF
key or ESC K
I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC K
Transmitted Code: ESC K

Erase to End of Page (CONTROL CLEAR EOP/EOF)
Action of the CLEAR EOP/EOF key in conjunction
with the CONTROL key erases all displayed data
from the current cursor position to the end of
memory.
Note: If forms delimiters are present in memory
but forms mode is not currently selected, these
delimiters are not altered by using the erase to
end of page function.
Forms Mode:

Communications

Erases all unprotected data from·
the current cursor position to the
end of memory.

Keyboard Operation: Action ofthe CONTROL CLEAR
EOP/EOF sequence or ESC J
I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC J .
Transmitted Code: ESC J

I SEND I LOCAL IA-SENDI E-AUX I PAGE IAUX ON I

~

The DM30 offers bidirectional, serial communications capability from both the main and
auxi Iiary ports. Baud rates to 19.2K may be
·used with both these ports. At 19.2K baud
X-On X-Off protocol should be used to prevent
buffer overflow. (See Section 3.3.S which
follows for more complete information on
X-On/X-Off.) The DM30 is RS232C interactive, responding to standard control and
handshaking signals over both serial ports. The
DM30 may communicate up to 9600 baud with
a remote data set using the current loop interface which is available over the main I/O. (See
Section 2.5.3 for complete current loop details.)
Software contJol of the DM30 is extensive.
A high-speed Centronics-compatible parallel
port provides unidirectional output which may
originate from the terminal, the CPU, or the
auxiliary device. When a printer is connected
to the terminal, hard copy is immediately accessible to the operator from all these sources.

A number of communication modes are described in the following paragraphs. The reader
should refer periodically to Figure 3-3 which is
a simplified pictorial approach to help explain
communication modes and assOciated data paths.
Send (SEND)
In local mode, the SEND key initiates a block
transmission out the main port.

Clear Entry (CE)

In page mode, an ETX (EX) is displayed at the current cursor position. An STX code is transmitted
and the send program backsearches through the
memory until it encounters another ETX or the
Home position. (Absolute Home; line 1, column 1.)
Each character of each line is then transmitted
(with spaces to the end of line suppressed) and the
line is followed by CR-LF. A CR code only is
transmitted after a full SO-character line. When
the cursor reaches its original position, the termination character is transmitted (see Section 2.7.5)

The CE key is operable only while in the forms
mode. Action of this key causes total erasure
of the current unprotected field and the cursor
to be placed in the first location of that field.
Keyboard Operation: CE or ESC,
I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC,
Transmitted Code: ESC,

*May be subject to trademark claim.

3-16

Figure 3-3

Mode/Data Path Relationships

CPU

MAIN PORT

On Line

Aux

Device

AUXPORT

E-Aux
Aux Send

CRT and
KEYBOARD

Parallel Enable
or Print

PARALLEL
PORT

1--_.

Printer

Each labeled line indicates the mode entered
to cause the associated data path

Arrows indicate direction of data flow

Forms +
Modified Mode: If the modified mode is on, only
the fields which have been altered
are transmitted with HT codes
replacing unmodified fields.

and the terminal remains in the local mode.
During data transmission, the status line indicates
. MAIN SEND and the keyboard is disabled. (Internal switch 1, when enabled, allows the terminal
to go on line after a block transmission.) All
applicable RS232C control signals are active during a block transmission.

Forms +
Line Mode: In the line mode, only the current
field is transmitted and the cursor
skips to the next field, if exit requirements of the current field have been
met. All characters of the variable
field are transmitted, including all
spaces in the field.

In line mode, the whole line that-the cursor is
on (minus trailing spaces) is transmitted. No ETX
character is written on the screen and the cursor
appears in column 1 of the following line after
transmission of the termination character. If
internal switch 1 is enabled, the terminal goes
on line at the end of line transmission. Againall applicable RS232C control signals are active
during the transmission_

On Line: The ETB code is transmitted by the SEND
key in either the page or line mode. The
send function cannot be initiated from
the keyboard when on line unless the
ETB code is echoed to the terminal by
the CPU.

Forms Mode
& Page Mode: Regardless of cursor position, in
the page mode, all of the unprotected fields of data are transmitted
with an ASCII HT code between
fields. There is no displayed ETX.
and any constant field is transmitted first.

Note: Receipt of X-Off code disables transmission until X-On is received (See Section 3.3.8)

3-17

Keyboard Operation: The SEND key or ETB
(CONTROL W) initiates
a page send or a line send,
according to the current
mode selected.
I/O Operation:

fied may be sent. The exit parameters of the field must be met
and the selected termination
character is included.
Keyboard Operation: LINE key or ESC #

Receipt of an ETB code causes
either a line. send or a page send,
according to the mode selected.

I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC #

Receipt of an ESC I code forces
a page send to be initiated, reqardless of the current mode selected.
The original mode is assumed when
transmission is complete.
Receipt of ESC i similarly forces
aline send to occur, the original
mode again being assumed upon
completion.
Transmitted Code: CONTROL W (ETB)
Line/Page Modes (.PAGE)
The PAGE key alternates the terminal between
page and line modes, the two types of transmission
initiated by the SEND key. Both are discussed in .
the following paragraphs.
In the Line mode the SEND key initiates a line
send function. The transmission begins at the
start of the present line and the whole line (minus
trailing spaces) is transmitted. No ETX character
is written on the screen and the cursor appears
at column 1 of the following line after transmission
of the termination character. If internal switch 1
is enabled, the terminal goes on line at the end of
the line transmission. All applicable RS232C
control signals are active during the transmission.
On Line: ESC # is transmitted
Forms Mode: If the terminal is in forms mode
and a line send is initiated, then
only the field the cursor presently
occupies is transmitted.

Transmitted Code: ESC #
In the Page mode the SEND key initiates a block
transmission of a selected portion of memory.
An STX code is transmitted and the send program
backsearches through the screen until it encounters
another ETX symbol or the Home position (absolute Home). Each character of each line is then
transmitted with spaces to the end of line suppressed. A CR-LF sequence is transmitted at the
end of each data line when spaces are suppressed.
A CR code only is transmitted after an 80-character line. When the cursor reaches its original
position, the selected termination character is
transmitted (see Section 2.7.5) and the terminal
remains .in the local mode. (Internal switch 1
when enabled allows the terminal to go on \ine
after a block transmission.)
Forms Mode: A constant field (if present) plus
all unprotected fields is sent when
the SEND key is struck, but no STX
is sent. An ASCII HT is sent between
fields. After sending the last field,
the termination character (switch
selectable) is transmitted and the
terminal remains in local mode.
Modified Mode: If the terminal is in modified mode
and a page send is initiated, then
only modified fields are sent. In
place of unmodified fields, an
HT is sent.

Keyboard Operation: PAGE key or ESC!

Modified Mode: If the terminal is in a modified
mode and a line send is initiated,
then only a cursor-occupied field
in which the data have been modi-

3-18

I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC!
Transmitted Code: ESC !

Local Mode (LOCAL)

I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC: for on or
ESC * for off.

The LOCAL key is a toggle function; it alternately
switches the terminal from on line to local and
vice versa. In the on line mode, all alphanumeric
characters are transmitted through the main I/O
port when keys are struck. All control keys (such
as RETURN) send their associated control code.
All function keys send their associated two-code·
sequence if enabled by the appropriate internal
switch. (See Section II.) Ifthe switch is disabled,
the code is performed locally only.

Transmitted Code: ESC: for on or ESC * for off

Page Dump
The page dump feature allows the user to transmit
the entire memory contents (including graphics,
visual and logical attributes) to the CPU for later
retrieval and recomposing. To perform a page dump
from the keyboard, the terminal must be in local
mode and not in forms or forms build mode. Page
dump is initiated with an ESC o. After this sequence
is entered, an ESC E (clear screen) is transmitted,
followed by the entire memory contents including
visual attributes and associated codes. Codes necessary to build forms are also sent. These include
the cursor address to position the cursor to the
beginning of a field, the escape sequence and logical attributes associated with that field, the fieldending cursor address, and the escape sequence to
end the field. Graphical information is similarly
transmitted as a sequence of graphic on/off commands. This enables exact representation of the
original soreen contents at a later time.

In the local mode, the keyboard is connected directly to the display and any key activClted only
affects the display; no transmission occurs. The
terminal must be in thf'! local mode before a block
transmission may be initiated. The receiver is only
partially disabled vyhile in local mode. It continues to monitor for the receipt qf certain code sequences that may be performed whilethe terminal
is in a local mode. These sequences are:
GO ON LINE
AUX-ON
AUX-OFF
SET MEM ADD POINTER
CPU MSSGE DEPOSIT
PARALLEL ON

Auxiliary Send (ASEND)
Keyboard Operation: LOCAL or ESC n for on line
LOCAL or ESC N for local

The line monitor mode allows the entry of received control code and escape sequences into .
display memory. Remote command execution
is inhibited and all codes are displayed. Control
Codes and escape codes are generated on the keybo~rd and written to display memory without
command execution.

The ASEND key is the equivalent of the SEND key
except that data transmission is out the auxiliary
port (not the main port) and is routed to the
auxiliary device. All lines are followed by a C~LF sequence regardless of line length. TransmIssion of data while in the forms mode via the aw(iliary port causes all protected data to be transmitted as space codes. If a constant field is present,
it is transmitted as constructed on the CRT.
Space suppression is performed as required,p~ge
format being maintained. The ASEND functions
in both line and page modes are similar to SEND
while obeying the go on line switch (internal switch
1) after the transmission is completed. If the terminal
is aux enabled when an auxiliary send is activated,
an ESC £) is transmitted to the auxiliary device and
no action occurs unless the code is echoed. While
doing a block transmit out the auxiliary port,
AUX SEND appears in the status line.

Keyboard Operation: On with ESC: and off
with ESC *

Note: Transmission to the auxiliary port while
in modified mode is an illegal operation.

I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC n for on line
Receipt of ESC N for local
Transmitted Code: ESC n for on line
ESC N for local

Line Monitor Mode

3-19 .

Line Mode:. With the DM30 in local and
line modes, action of the
ASEND key causes transmission a line at a time to
occur. No STX is sent and
an ETX does not appear on
the terminal screen. A CR-LF
is sent following the line.

I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC ( for aux on
Receipt of ESC) for aux off
Transmitted Codes: ESC( and ESC)
Note: Combinations of on line, aux on and aux
enable are used primarily for line diagnosticpurposes. They may cause multiple character entry
or unwanted multiple paths for data when used
together. It is therefore not advisable to use these
modes simultaneously during normal terminal
operation.

Page Mode: When the ASEND key is actuated in
the Page mode, an ETX is printed at
the present cursor location. The cursor then batksearches to Home or
the next previous ETX and transmission occurs from that point until
another ETX is encountered.

Auxiliary Enable (E-AUX)

Keyboard Operation: ASEND or ESC £)
I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC £)

'.

Transmitted Code: ESC £)
Auxiliary On (AUX ON)

The AUX ON key logically connects the main I/G
port to the auxiliary I/O port in a daisy chain
configuration. Communication may be bidirectional and data transfer does not interfere with
terminal keyboard and screen operations. When
the terminal is in local mode, all keys operate
locally without transmission to either port. Baud
rate settings on the two ports need not be the
same. Each port is buffered and the terminal may
optionally control data flow in a way that no overrun or data loss occurs. If the terminal is unable
to accept more data from the main port, an X-Off
code is sent to the host to stop data flow. When the
buffer is sufficiently empty, an X-On code is sent to
restart the flow of data without loss. If the terminal
is unable to accept more data from the aux port,
the CTS signal (pin 5, clear to send)is dropped to
inhibit data flow until the buffers can accept more
data. If the terminal is placed on line or aux enabled,
the screen monitors data from the port selected and
the keyboard codes are routed to that port. When
aux on is selected, AUX ON is presented in the status
line.
Keyboarcl Operation: AUX ON or ESC ( for aux on
AUX ON or ESC) fot aux off
(AUX ON is a toggling key.)

3-20

This key has a function similar to the local key.
It puts the terminal on line with the auxiliary
I/O port and full communications are enabled
between the keyboard, CRT and the auxiliary
device. All communications are half duplex only,
regardless of main port switch settings. (Echoed
characters appear double on the screen.) The terminal controls incoming data by dropping and raising pin 5 (CTS) on the auxiliary port. The aux
port is disabled when the E-AUX key is struck
a second time. When E-AUX is on, it is reflected
by the AUX RDY/BSY message in the status line.
Keyboard Operation: E-AUX or ESC j enables the aux
E-AUX or ESC k disables it
(E-AUX is a toggling key)
I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC j enables the aux
Receipt of ESC k disables it
Transmitted Code: ESC j or ESC k

Note: If the DM30 ison line with the aux enabled,
keyboard data go to both ports and the screen, and
each port has access to the screen. If either device
echoes, multiple characters appear on the screen.
The terminal may alsobe aux on and aux enabled
simultaneously. Under these conditions, data from the
the main receiver passes directly to the auxiliary
device without appearing on the screen. Data from
the keyboard appears on the screen and is passed
to the auxiliary device. Data from the auxiliary
device appear on the screen and are passed to the
main port transmitter. Under this condition, the
status line indicates AUX ON, since it has priority over
AUX ROY.

Auxiliary Page Dump
This function is similar to page dump as described
earlier, except that data transmission occurs from
the auxiliary port to the auxiliary device. ESC /
initiates the dump. Again, the DM30 may not be
in forms or forms build mode. The terminal responds
to the go on line switch (Internal switch 1) following transmission.

Paralle1 an may be initiated with either the
CONTROLAUX ON keyboard sequence or ESC-.
With the parallel port on line, the CPU mayactuate the printer directly. Keyboard/CRT interaction remains active during this mode, allowing
the operator to manipulate display a,nd memory
even during a printing operation. To take the
parallel port off line, use the CONTROLAUX
ON keyboard sequence or ESC ).
Keyboard Operation: CONTROL AUX ON
or ESC- for Parallel On
CONTROL AUX ON
or ESC ) for Parallel Off
(CONTROL AUX ON is a
toggling function)

Keyboard Operation: ESC / initiates the aux page
dump
I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC /
Transmitted Code: ESC /

I/O Operation:

ESC - for Parallel On
ESC) for Parallel Off

Print Key (PRINT)
Transmitted Code: ESC - and ESC)
The PRINT key is used to transmit DM30's
memory contents out the parallel port to the
associated hard- copy printer. Except for
handshaking signals, communication out this
port is always unidirectional away from the
terminal. The entire memory from absolute
Home to the current cursor location is transmitted; making it possible for the operator
to obtain printed copy of any CRT -displayable data except visual attributes and graphics.
Hardcopy limitations imposed by the printer
must be kept in mind while performing a print
operation. For example, an upper-case only
machine cannot be expected to exactly reproduce a CRT display which consists of upper and lower case characters.

Parallel Enable (CONTROL E-AUX)
This key is similar to the LOCAL key in that it
alternately turns the parallel port on and off,
regulating the printer's ability to respond to incoming data. The mode is enabled with the
CONTROL EAUX keyboard sequence or ESC.5
and disabled with CONTROL ·EAUX or ESC k.
Keyboard Operation: CONTROL EAUX or ESC.5
turns mode on
CONTRO L EAUX or ESC k
turns mode off
(CONTROL EAUX is a
toggling function.)

Keyboard Operation: PR I NT or ESC. 4
- starts print.

I/O Operation:

I/O Operation: ESC. 4

Mode Prioritization

Transmitted Code: ESC. 4

The parallel and auxiliary functions described
above have equal priority in the DM30 operating system and may be interrupt each other
as required. For example, the aux on or enable
aux functions may be interrupted by any parallel function. Similarly, the parallel an and
parallel enable modes may be interrupted by
any aux functions. Note, however, that the
parallel and auxiliary functions use the same
output buffer. Any output operation to. either
function must be given enough time for completion or data lass will occur because of the interrupted function.

Parallel On (CONTROL AUX ON)
The parallel-on sequence is not associated
with a particular function key, but it is still
an important operation which should be understood. Its purpose is to logically connect
the CPU with the printer so that data from the
CPU may be readily printed for the operator.

3-21

ESC.5 turns mode on
ESC k turns mode off

Table 3-4 which follows summarizes the auxiliary
and parallel modes and lists the ways each mode
is entered and exited.

3.3.8

The DM30 is provided with a switch-selectable full
duplex line protocol. Designed to allow full control
of both data transmission and reception by the terminal, it enables the user to gain the maximum permissable data throughput on any full duplex system.
The use of the full protocol is limited to full duplex
systems because of the requirement to simultaneously
transmit and receive data.

Table 3-4 Auxiliary/Parallel Mode Entry and Exit
TO TURN MODE ON

TO TURN MODE OFF

K.y~

I/O

Keyboerd

110

MODE

Entry

Entry

Entry

Entry

AUlCon

AUXON

ESC (

AUX ON (toggla)
or any Parallal
function

ESC) or
any Paral"l
function

Enable
AUlC

EAUX

ESC!

E·Aux(toggl.. )
or any Parallel

ESC k (disable AUlC)
or any ParaUel
function

function

Parallel
On

CONTROL
AUXON

Parallel CONTROL
Enable EAUX

ESC-

ESC .6

CONTROLAUX
ON (toggle.)or any
AUlC function

ESC) (AUlCOff)
or any AUlC
function

CONTROLEA\JX
(toGgle.) or any
AUlC function

ESC k (dis·
able AUlC)
or any AUlC
function

Transmit On and Transmit Off (X-ON/X-OFF)

The terms X-On and X-Off as used herein mean
Transmit On (CONTROL Q) and Transmit Off (CONTROL S), respectively. They are ASCII rontrol
rodes used in data communications to interrupt
transmission and reception when necessary to prevent data loss.
The protocol which is described below acromplishes
X-On and X-Off automatically. This automatic,
periodic suppression of the transmit function is
'called "x ·Suppress," an acronym for "Transmit
Suppress," and is rontrolled by Internal switch
No.4.

Modified Page Dump
Sometimes it is not possible to do a total
page dump becauSe of buffer size limitations
imposed by the off line storage device. In
such cases, modified page dump is used. This
mode enables the terminal to do a series of
block sends with each block being a predetermined size. This mode is prompted by first
entering the three code extension rommand
string (ESC. :), then a rode determining the
number of characters to be transmitted in each
block, and finally the selected termination character. This is then followed by the appropriate
page dump command.

The protocol is subdivided into two major areas:
(1) Control of data output from the terminal and
(2) Control of data received by the terminal.
Each is discussed in detai I.
Internal switch 4 governs the automatic ~ssertion
of Transmit Suppress.
When switch 4 is on, X-Suppress is also on. The
terminal does not transmit X-On or X-Off rodes
unless these control codes have been generated as
valid data. The terminal responds to receipt of
X-On and X-Off only if it is currently transmitting.

Table 3-10(normally used for cursor addressing
and memory address pointer) is used to define the
block length in characters. The number of characters sent in the modified page dump is twice
the numeric value of the selected code.

When switch 4 is off, X-Suppress is also off. The
terminal transmits X-On and X-Off codes and
responds to the receipt of X-On and X~Off in all
transmission modes.
Terminal Output Control

The termination character may be any ASCII
rode except nul and rub out.

The control of data output from the terminal via
protocol exchange depends on the setting of internal switch 4.

Example: To dump memory in 160-character
blocks, the following sequence is used;
ESC. : 0 EOT Page Dump Command
160 characters of memory (including the terminator) are transmitted each time a DCl (X-On)
is entered over the I/O.

Switch 4 On (X-Suppress On) - Under this condition, any time the terminal is performing a block
transmission (Le., page send/dump, line send,

3-22

etc.,), the receiver is enabled and is monitoring for
the reception of an X-Off control code (CONTROL
S). Upon detecting an X-Off, transmission ceases
within two character times. The terminal then
enters an idle state until such time as an X-On
(CONTROL Q) is received. At this time, data
transmission recommences without data loss and
is maintained until such time as transmission is
oompleted or a subsequent X-Off is received.
In this manner, a host device having a specific
input block size requirement may control the
terminal's transmission without the need for
manual intervention.
The following constraints apply when controlling
terminal output with X-Suppress On: (1) The
terminal must be operating in full duplex environment to permit simultaneous 'data transmission
and reception. (2) The terminal must be currently
performing a block transmit when the X-Off code
is received. X-Off received at any other time is
ignored.
Switch 4 Off (X-Suppress Off) - With X Suppress
Off, the terminal reacts exactly as in X Suppress
On except that receipt of an X-Off is valid at any
time. Even if the terminal is in a conversational
mode, receipt of an X-Off halts the output of
transmitted data. These characters, however,
are being placed into the output buffer at this
time and up to 15 may be entered sequentially.
Receipt of an X-On command releases the contents
of this buffer for immediate transmission. If output is halted because of receipt of an X-Off and
keyboard entry continues (once 15 characters
are received), the terminal rings the bell and
prevents further acceptance of keyboard characters until the output is released by receipt of
an X-On.
The following constraints apply when controlling
terminal output with X Suppress Off: (1) The
terminal must be operating in full duplex environment to enable simultaneous transmission and rece] topm; (2) Receipt of an X-Off always halts
data transmission, regardless of mode.

an auxiliary source in the aux on mode. Under
this condition, receipt of the X-Off code again '
halts the transmission of the data within two characters. However, once data output has ceased, the
auxiliary devi'ce is halted only when the terminal~s
auxiliary buffer has become full. The auxiliary
device is halted by the lowering of the auxiliary
clear-to-send (CTS) circuit. When an X-On is subsequently received, data output recommences and
as soon as buffer space is available, the CTS circuit is raised to permit passing of further data from
the auxiliary device.
Auxiliary output control must be accomplished
under the following constraints: (1) The terminal
main port must be operating in a full duplex environment. (2) The auxiliary device must be
capable of observing the clear to send circuit.
(3) X-On and X-Off commands received on the
main port while outputting from the auxiliary
device a~e also passed through to the auxiliary
device. (4) With the X-Suppress switch on, trans- '
mission must be in progress when the X-Off is received. With the X-Suppress off, it may be received
at any ti me to halt output.
Terminal Input Control
A separate X-On/X-Off protocol controlling data
input to the terminal is available under switch
selection(lnternal switch 4).
With the switch in the on position, the protocol
is disabled and the terminal is reliant upon the
host computer to ascertain and compensate for
any'timing requirements within data streams.
(Since certain functions ofthe terminal require
time to perform, pad codes such as null or'delete must be inserted to allow the operations to
be completed. With the switch off and the protocol enabled, the host can permit the terminal
to command its own data reception rate and thus
take no consideration of pad times.
The terminal has a receiver buffer of 254 characters length and the function of the protocol is:
oontrolled by the state of this buffer. When data
is being received at a high rate, the terminal is
normally able to remove data from the buffer at
sufficient speed to prevent a potential buffer
overrun condition. However, if a number of codes
are included in a long data stream which requlres
time to perform, incoming data begin '. to stack

Auxiliary Output Control
Reception of the X-On/X-Off protocol is also
valid while the terminal is transmitting data from

3-23

minal is on line and aux on simultaneously, such
that all received data are being both displayed and
passed to the auxiliary device, the slower of the
two operations commands the data rate. Thus, if
a slow speed printer is connected, the terminal
does not request additional data until both buffers
are able to receive additional characters.

up on the buffer. On reaching a condition of being 80% full (205 unprocessed characters received), the terminal issues an X-Off command via
the main port to halt the host CPU. After the
issuance of the first X-Off, additional characters
received cause an X-Off to be transmitted for each
received character. The terminal continues to process data from the buffer and reduce the number
of unprocessed characters during this time. When
the buffer content has been reduced such that it
is 20% full (approximately 51 unprocessed characters ), the terminal issues an X-On command to
the host, calling for data to recommence.

The following are auxiliary input control operating considerations: (1) Terminal main port
must be operating in a full duplex environment.
(2) While aux on is enabled and the terminal
remains off line, normal keyboard operations
are maintained. The operator may therefore
continue to prepare data for eventual block transmission While the communications circuit is
effectively timeshared to permit passing of data
in either direction to an auxiliary device. It
should be noted that when operating in an aux on
mode with both ports selected for high speed,
keyboard operations causing a heavy processor
load, such as page mode insert, degrades the.·
overall operating speed between the main and
auxiliary ports. This does not cause any data
loss but increases the incidence of X-Off transmissions while the processor is unable to clear the
buffers as fast due to a temporary high throughput. (3) Operating speed of the auxiliary device
is immaterial due to full buffering in both directions. If the speed of the auxiliary device is higher
than that selected for the main port, then the data
received does not cause any issuance of protocol
commands. (4) Should the auxiliary device become
"not ready" and drop pin 20 of the auxiliary
port low, the auxiliary buffer again fills if data
reception is maintained and X-Off is transmitted
until the device is again able to receive data. If
the system is aux-on and on line simultaneously,
the auxiliary device becoming "not ready" also
causes data reception to the screen to halt until
the device is again ready.

Since the terminal is effectively controlling its
own reception rate, it is therefore possible to
permit communications at 19200 baud while
the protocol is enabled. Ther terminal's transmitter maintains 19200 baud operation without difficulty.
The following are terminal input control operating considerations: (1) The terminal main port
must be operating in full duplex environment
to permit transmission of codes while receiving
data. (2) The host device must be able to receive
and respond to X-On/X-Off protocol commands.
Further, upon receipt of an X-Off command, the
CPU receives further X-Off commands for each
code transmitted prior to the receipt of an X-On.
Theoretically, the host may send up to approximately 50 additional characters after receipt of
the initial X-Off prior to a buffer overrun occurring and data being lost at the terminal. (3) Switch
No.4 must be off to permit X-ON/X-OFF transmission.
Auxiliary Input Control
The switch selectable protocol when enabled is
also applicable to received data being passed to
the auxiliary device. Thus, if the terminal is
in an aux on mode and data are being received at
a high rate (for example, 19200 baud) but the
auxiliary device is operating at 1200 baud, then
the protocol can control this situation.

3.3.9
Formatting Modes
Keys associated with the forms and forms build
modes are shown below.

The auxiliary port has a similar but separate structure to the receiver main port buffer. Thus, if
data are being received faster than they can be released to the auxiliary device, the buffer again
stacks up and commences issuing X-Off/X-On
commands as the buffer load permits. If the ter-

Forms Mode (FORMS)
Action of the FORMS key selects the forms mode
and the message "FORMS" is reflected in. the
status line.

3-24

Selection of this mode causes previously entered
attributes to be asserted, defining areas of protected and unprotected data upon the screen.
Attempts to select forms mode without previously
entering field attributes aborts and the alarm
sounds.

Table 3-5 Logical Field Attributes
3-code
sequence

ESC, +,0

Fielq delimiting attributes are invisible and occupy
no space in memory. A range of attributes allows
selection of. various field types designed to .limit
the type of data being entered by the oper·ator (see
Table 3-5 for field type definitions).
.
NOTE: When data are being entered in forms
mode via the I/O, fields do not automatically
overflow; a horizontal tab (HT) is required to·
advance the cursor between fields.

ESC, +, 1
ESC, +,2
ESC, +,3
ESC, +,4
ESC, +, 5
ESC, +, 6
ESC, +, 7
ESC, +, 8
ESC, +, 9
ESC, +, :
ESC, [

ESC, I

ESC, %

Field Definition (Unprotected) ~raphi~
ymbo
Must Enter
Alphanumeric
Must Enter
Alpha only
Must Enter
Numeric only
Must Enter
Alphanumeric
Total Fill
Alphanumeric
Total Fill
Alpha only
Total Fill
Numeric only
Total Fill
Alphanumeric
Normal
Alphanumeric
Normal
Alpha only
Normal
Numeric only
Normal
Alphanumeric
Start Protect (End of Field)
used after all fields
Start CCUlslaDl field

r-,
L
...J
T

.

~

..L

-I

-+

Definitions :
Alphanumeric - All characters accepted in field entry.
Alpha Only - All characters except the digits 0-9.
Numeric Only - All characters less than A, hexadecimal..
Normal - Fields may be skipped or entered without
restriction.
Must Enter - At least one valid character must be entered
into fielcfDefore cursor may advance to next
field.
Total Fill - Fi~ld must be totally filled (specified length)
before cursor may advance to the next field.
Constant - One field may be defined with identification
data which is not accessible or alterable in the
FORMS modeTut which will be transmitted
before the unprotected fields in a Page Send.

Defining Forms - Forms may be built via the I/O
or the keyboard. A special method permitting
local definition of forms data is described next
under forms build mode.
With no field delimiters entered, the screen is considered to be totally protected. Thus, in defining
a form, it is necessary to define the unprotected
data fields. Data entered directly to the screen
from the keyboard or I/O without setting attributes is considered protected when the forms
mode is asserted. To define an unprotected
area, enter the code sequence defining the starting delimiter for that field; i.e., ESC [defines
a regular unrestricted entry field. The cursor must
be positioned to the required ending location for
that field by means of cursor addressing or by any
movement instruction desired, and the start protect delimiter entered (ESC] for a" field types). .
Data entered between fields again becomes protected. Unprotected fields may be located at
any position on the screen and may be built in
random order. Data may be entered into unprotected areas during definition and remain displayed but unprotected when forms mode is
asserted.

NOTE:

If more than one constant field is set up on the screen,
only the last one defined is valid.

screen code sequence, the unprotected areas becoming defined by delete codes throughout their
length (• • • • • ).
The operator may now proceed to enter data as
required. If the field definitions are for normal
fields, on reaching the last character of an unprotected field, the cursor automatically tabs to the
first character position of the next unprotected
field .. Again in normal fields, action of the TAB
key automatically advances the cursor to the
next field.

Operator Entry - Once a form has been defined
and forms mode asserted, the form is ready for
operator entry. The action of turning on the forms
mode positions the cursor to the first unprotected
character position from the Home position. Since
field definitions are not displayed, the areas to be
entered may be defined to the operator by containing data, visual attributes, or by entering a clear

3-25

Tab stops may be set within unprotected fields by
the inclusion of additional start unprotect delimiters at the requisite positions during form construction. During eventual transmission, these
additional start delimiters appear as additional horizontal tabs.
On reaching a field having a total fill definition,
any attempt to advance from the field before every

selectable termination character is transmitted
at the end of the data and the terminal then
referencestne go-on-line switch.

location is completed sounds the bell and displays
a message indicating the error in the status line.
This error message identifies the field type and the
error, i.e., TOTAL FILL
ALPHA ONLY
NUMERIC ONLY
MUST ENTER
Fields defined as must enter require the entry of
at least one character before attempts are made to
leave the field. If as least one character is not entered, an error message is produced and the alarm
sounds. In this case, the error message indicates
MUST ENTER

c.

Striking the ASEND key causes transmission
of the entire page of data via the auxiliary port.
The constant field, if present, is transmitted as
it appears on the screen. Protected data are
transmitted as spaces, with trailing space suppression permitted, provided the page format
is maintained. In this way, a complete 'representation of the format page may be passed
to a printer to enter onto a preprinted 'form.

'Fields specifically defined as alpha or numeric
only again refuse entry illegal codes and provide
an alarm and a status message indicating the
error, i.e., alpha only, etc.

d.

Having reached the completion of the entry, the
operator may transm it the entered data under the
following rules:

Forms Build Mode

SEND Key Operation in Forms and Page Modes:
Striking the SEND key causes all unprotected
data to be transmitted with ASCII HT codes
, inserted ,between fields. No space suppression
occurs and any delete codes present are trans, mitted as spaces. If a constant field is present
upon the screen, it is transmitted first, regardless of its position on the screen.

The forms build mode (FBM) is entered by simultaneously activating the FORMS and CONTROL
keys (or ESC 8t) and 'is reflected by the message
FORMS B LD in the status line.
The mode is specifically designed to allow the
normally invisible logical field attributes to become
visible and thus allow the user to generate forms
locally for eventual transmission to the host device
(via page dump).

Under these conditions, activating the SEND
key does not write an ETX on the screen and
the cursor position is irrelevant, since all unprotected data present are transmitted. The
terminal finishes by transmitting the 'selected
termination character and finally responding
to the go-on-line switch (internal switch 1) I
if selected.
',
b.

ASEND Key Operation in Forms and Line Modes:
Striking the ASEND key causes the transmission of the current cursor field via the auxiliary port. Constant fields are not transmitted
in line mode.

Editing is permissible within any unprotected
field (see Section 3.3.4 for definition).

a.

ASEND Key Operation in Forms and Page Modes:

SEND Key Operation in Forms and Line Modes:
Striking the SEND key causes the current field
in which the cursor resides to be transmitted.
If the exit requirements of that field have
been met, the cursor advances to the next
sequential field. Constant fields are ignored
in these modes and are not transmitted. The

3-26

Having entered FBM, fields may be entered in any
sequence on the screen since at this time they are
being held as visual data. The screen is generally
considered a protected area and therefore all unprotected fields must now be specified. Entry of a
start unprotected attribute (see Table 3-5 for available codes) causes display of a half-intensity blinking graphics symbol marking the first unprotected
location. The cursor may now be moved to the
required ending 'location of the field by means of
the space bar, cursor movement keys or any other
method. Entry of the start protect attribute' .
(ESC]) causes the area between the two attributes
to fill with delete codes, thus visually defining the
extent of the field, the graphics character at the
first location remaining visible to permitidentification of the field type.

mitted. in their entirety. Fields nof altered are replaced by a single horizontal tab code in the data
stream to indicate their position among modified
fields. Aux page send sends all fields as described
earlier in this manual.

All data entered into areas not defined as unprotected are treated as protected data when the
form is retransmitted by the terminal.
Constant Field
One exception to the field definition is the "constant field". Entry of an ESC % produces no graphic display; data may be entered for the duration
of the field arid terminated by EXC ]. These data
are treated as a constant when the form is in use;
that is, the operator may not alter it as it is truly
protected, but cfuring transmission .it is sent as a
prefix, to all unprotected data regardless of its
position on the screen. It is possible to enter multiple constant fields in a display page; however ,
only the last one entered is effective, as each prior
constant field is relegated to beir:'lg normal, protected data upon receipt of an additional constant field.
While in FBM, full editing facilities remain operable, thus permitting movement and adjustment
of field sizes and data content. In this way, existing forms data may be received from the I/O in
forms build mode, modified via the edit routines
and retransmitted to the host via page dump.
NOTE: Visual attributes may be used in building
a form. However, a graphics character (delimiter)
immediately following visual attribute appears
as an ASCII character. When FBM is exited, the
field will be valid, since the graphics character only
marked the location of the field during the building of the form.
Delete Field
A previously defined field may be effectively
deleted by redefining its length as zero characters. The cursor is moved to the start of the
field to be deleted and the following sequence
is entered:

Keyboard Operation:

110 Operation:

ESC T turns modified mode
on; ESC U turns it off.

Receipt of ESC T turns modified
mode on; receipt of ESC U turns
it off.

Transmitted Code:

ESC T or ESC U.

3.3.10 Attribute Set (ASET)
Keys associated with setting visual attributes
are shown below.

Visual attributes when introduced into DM30's
memory cause succeeding displayed characters
to take on special characteristics to visually set
them off from the rest of the display. Characters
which are generated in this manner become half
intensity, reversed, underlined, etc. according to
the attribute selected from Table 3-6.
Visual attributes are generated via software interaction with a hardware LSI video controller.
Attributes may be placed into memory at any
location without consuming display space to a
maximum of 16 per line. Attributes rna'y not be
placed in column 80.
Attributes placed in memory cause the selected
video level to be effective through the memory
until a subsequent attribute is introduced. Video
levels only propogate through memory areas,
oontaining data and after a clear screen oommancf,
all lines are cleared to a null status for memory
management purposes. Writing a video attribute
on line 1 causes line 1 only to take on that attribute. Moving the cursor down through any subsequent line or writing data in any subsequent
line causes the line to cancel its null status and
the selected attribute to become effective through

ESC [ ESC]
Modified Mode
When using the forms mode, a modified mode may
be set such that any unprotected fields which are
changed in any way from the keyboard (written,
erased, inserted, deleted, etc.) are flagged as modified. When the page is transmitted (all unprotected
fields). only those that were modified are trans-

3-27

position to the end ofthe screen (or until another
visual attribute code is introduced). Attributes'
may not be followed immediately by graphics
characters.

that line. Care must be exercised when using
cursor addressing in conjunction with attributes
after a clear screen function. For example, setting
an attribute at Home (the cursor's position after
a clear screen) causes the Home line to take on the
attribute. A st.ibseq~ent cursor address to'a line
further down with the same page causes that line
also to take on the selected video attribute. However, the area of the screen that was bypassed by
cursor addressing remains at a null status and does
flot take on the attribute unless the cursor is
moved through those lines.

Table 3-6

~rYCode)
@

A
B

C

p
Q
R
S

Video attributes are page oriented and must be set
correctly to produce the desired results in a multipage environment. In order for an attribute to
cause the desired video level to be asserted, it must
pass through the video controller. Only the data
of the currently displayed page is passed through
the controller. For this reason, a video attribute
set on the first page ceases to have an effect if the
memory is scrolled up such that the location containing the attribute is no longer displayed.

-.

a
b
c
p
q
r

s
$
4
5

6
7

Therefore, when designing video' formats several
choices are avai lable in attribute placement. If
the termin~1 js to be utilized in a paging mode,
whereby the next page/previous page functions
call separate pages, attributes may be placed at
random throughout the pages and produce the
desired effect. '

Visual Attributes

Visual Attributes
Normal (Stop Visual Attribute)
Half Intensity
Blinking
Half-Blink
Reverse- Video
Reverse-Half
Reverse-Blink
Reverse-Half-Blink
Underl ine-Normal
Underline-Half
Underline-Blink
Underline-Half-Blink
Underline-Reverse
Underline-Reverse-Half
Underline-Reverse-Blink
Underline-Reverse-Half-Blink
Security (Invisible)
Reverse-Security
Half-Reverse-Security
Blinking-Reverse-Security
Blinking-Half-Reverse-Security

Forms Mode: ASETis not allowed while in
forms mode. The audible alarm sounds. Attri7
butes may be set prior to entering the forms
mode.
The ASET key in conjunction with the CONTROL
key causes an attribute delete function to occur.
An attribute may be overwritten with another
attribute; however, the maximum total per line
is 16.

However, if video is to be used in a scrolling
environment, special precautions are necessary.
An attribute set on any line that may be scrolled
off the top of the display page must be reintroduced at the first location of any line that
the video level is required to propogate thrQugh.
It then remains active for the remainder of the
display unless deleted or changed.' In this way
the display may be scrolled up and the attribute maintained for the balance of the remaining display area.

Keyboard Operation: Enter mode with ASET or
ESC d followed by desired
attribute ASCII Code from
Table 3-6.
Exit mode (Le., generate a'
delete attribute function)
with CONTROL-ASET or
ESC e. A normal attribute
(@) may be entered in lieu
of deletion.

The ASET key sets up the terminal so that the
next key is interpreted as a visual attribute acoording to Table 3-6. Other keys are ignored.
Example: ASET Q causes the screen to become
half intensity reverse video from the curSor

I/O Operation: ESC d followed by the appropriate
ASCII Code from Table 3-6 sets
an attri b ute .

.3-28

3.3.11

3.3.12 Display Locking

Graphics

Associated key:

Eleven graphic characters are avai lable and may be
displayed in normal video, half intensity, blinking
or blinking half intensity. The graphic mode is
turned on by entering an ESC R sequence and
turned off with an ESC S sequence. To use the
'graphic mode, follow this procedure:
a.

Turn on graphic mode with an ESC R.

b.

Move the cursor to where the graphic character is to start. At least one character must
separate a graphics character and any preceding ASET.

c.

Then key the ASCII character required for
the given graphic symbol as shown on
Table 3-7.

d.

Repeat steps band c as needed.

e.

Exit the graphic mode with ESC S.

Portions of display memory may be selectively
locked from operator access under the control of
memory lock or line lock functions.
The memory lock/line lock features enable selected
areas of display memory to become locked on the
screen relative to the display "window". (See Section 3.2.8.) Operator access to locked areas is prohibited. Areas locked under memory lock are releasable via the keyboard while line locks are removable (and set) only via the CPU. The CPU may
write into these locked areas via the use of the
memory address pointer (MAP) which is discussed
in detail elsewhere in this manual.
Lines or areas to be locked must be currently displayed in order for the function to operate. Once
an area is locked, it maintains its relative screen
position in memory regardless of scroli up or scroll
down functions. It should be noted that even
though display relative position is maintained the
absolute location va'ries during scrolling.

While in graphics mode, the 44 characters listed
in Table 3-7 appear on the screen as corresponding graphics characters. All other codes are interpreted normally.
Table 3-7 Graphic Characters
AS:II EQJIVALENT

syMBOL

Cd

NORflI:1aL.

!:1AI..E. m..u::tIS

.II.WIS

@

A

B

C

'D

E

F

G

[Q
g]

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

0

P

Q

R

S

ffibe

T

U

V

x

v

z

W
[

t:J

g

g'
OJ
QJ

\

-J

1\

"

8

b

A block move may be effectively accomplished
from the keyboard using the memory lock feature.
First, scroll the line(s) to be block-moved to the top
of the screen. Next, move the cursor directly beneath the line(s) and strike the M-LOCK key.
("MEM LOCK"should appear on the status line
when the memory lock is properly asserted.) Memory' is next scrolled up or down to move the lines
into the desired display position. Striking the MLOCK key a second time disables the memory lock
and returns the screen to normal. The previoLisly
locked area can now be manipulated as desired,
along with the other memory contents.

HALF

-c

d

8

f

9

h

i

j

k

Keyboard Operation:

ESC R sets graphics mode on
ESC S turns graphics mode off

I/O Operation:

ESC R sets graphics mode on
ESC S turns graphics mode off

Transmitted Codes:

ESC R
ESCS

3-29

The CPU may write into any memory location using
the absolute or relative memory address pointers
(MAPs) which are both described later in this manual.
Once a MAP is set in a line, it will follow that line
wherever it moves throughout the memory.
Logic is arranged such that if the absolute MAP
overflows line end it moves to the absolute line
number it was originally addressed to +1. Care must
be exercised when managing this function in
conjunction with scrolling to prevent the MAP
from entering a wrong succeeding line.

Forms Mode;

Memory Lock (MLOCK)

NOTE:
The M LOCK key causes the display memory
above the cursor line to be locked from operator
access or scrolling. The display area below the
locked portion of the screen functions normally.
The cursor position is not affected by memory
lock. Data in the locked portion of the screen
cannot be altered by the operator but remain
available for CPU control and data entry using
the memory address pointer. Locking of display
memory not operable beyond line 23. A status
message of "MEM LOCK" appears during this
mode.
Forms Mode:

Illegal; rings bell.

Entering Forms mode cancels Line Lock.

Keyboard Operation:
I/O Operation:

None

ESC < locks, ESC = unlocks.
These escape sequences must be
followed by a third code which
specifies which line is to be locked
or unlocked. These codes are
specified in Table 3-10.
Example: ESC <. + locks line 12.
ESC? is a CPU-entered code which
unlocks all lines.

Illegal; rings bell.

NOTE: Enterin!iJ Forms mode cancels MEM LOCK
condition.
'
3.3.13
Keyboard Ope~ation:

I/O Operation:

MLOCK or ESC g activates
Memory Lock.
'
M LOCK or ESC h deactivates Memory Lock.
MLOCK toggles the DM30
in and out of Memory Lock.

Special Function Keys (F1-F16)

Associated Keys: '

[EJ

through ~

ESCg for Memory Lock On;
ESC h for Memory Lock Off.

Transmitted Codes:

These keys transmit a 4- or 5-code sequence according to Table 3-8. Example: F 1 when depressed transmits
STX ESC p TERM

ESC g and ESC h.

Line Lock
By way of the remote command ESC <. , followed
by a relative line address, from Table 3-10 the host
CPU may selectively designate display lines as
reserved for exclusive CPU use. When lines are so
locked, keyboard and received data and terminal
functions have no effect on those lines. The terminal does not allow cursor positioning in locked
lines; the cursor moves down to the next available unlocked line. Clear screen and scroll functions
operate normally except that locked lines are left
unaffected and fixed in display position. A status
message of "LlNE LOCK" appears while in this
mode. '

(where TE RM = the termination character selected by the rear panel switches. [See 2.7.fH
The choices are CR,EOT, ETX, or CR-LF). If
the terminal is in a local mode, it obeys the goon-line switch (Internal switch 1) setting after
the transmission occurs (with the terminal remaining on-line) regardless of switch settings.
Under no conditions is the function key to be
sent via the auxiliary port.
Loca I:

Line Monitor I\Jbde:

On Line:

The CPU cannot lock all lines on the screen.

3-30

Associated codes are transmitted.
Code sequence is displayed.
No data are written to display, except
in line monitor mode.

Code sequence is transmitted.

Table 3-8
FUNCTION
KEY

CODe
TRANSMITTED

F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
Fa
F9
F10
F11
F12
F13
F14
F15
F16

3.3.14

causes the display window to move up one line.
This can also be thought of as memory moving .
down one line behind this display window.(See
Figure 3-2.)
.

Function Key Table

STX,
STX,
STX,
STX,
STX,
STX,
. STX,
STX,
STX,
STX,
STX,
STX,
STX,
STX.
STX.
STX,

ESC, p, TERM
ESC, q, TERM
ESC, r, TERM
ESC, s, TERM
ESC, t, ITERM
ESC, u, TERM
ESC, v, TERM
ESC, W, TERM
ESC, x, TERM
ESC, V. TFflM
ESC,t' tERM
ESC,
TERM
ESC, } TERM
esc
TERM
ESC: "" TJ:RM
ESC.DEL.TERM

Next Page/Previous Page
Receipt of the sequence ESC.3 or striking the
SCR L+ key while holding the CONTROL key
down causes the first page (first 24 lines) to be
displayed. The sequence ESC.1 or activating
the SCR L t key while holding down the
CONTRO L key causes the second page (last
24 lines) to be displayed.
K.evboard Operation: CONTROL SCR L +
or ESC.3 for previous page
CONTROL SCR L t or ESC.1 for
next page.

Other Key Operations

Associated keys:

ID~L I I I
BREAK

RESET

I I tI
SCRL

SCRU

I

I/O Operation:
ESC.3 for previous page
ESC.1 for next page
Transmitted Codes: ESC.3/ESC.1

ETI

Break (CONTROL BREAK)

Reset (CONTROL RESET)

When the terminal is on line, this key generates a
250 (+ 10%) ms. break ("spacing" condition) on
the transmit data line (pin 2, main I/O). The
BREAK key is interlocked with the CONTROL
key. This key is inoperative in the local mode.
Actuating BREAK by itself causes no operation.

I/O Operation: None

Execution of the Reset sequence (CONTROL
RESET or ESC V) causes the terminal to be set
to its initial state without altering the display memory. Reset functions the same as power-on, except the display memory is not altered and the
power-on diagnostic is not invoked. The reset sequence must be executed if any rear panel switches
are changed to ensure these changes have been read
into the software. A hardware reset which is equivalent to the power up state is initiated with ESC V.

Delete (DEL/-)

Hard Reset (CONTROL SHI FT V)

Keyboard Operation:

CONTROL BREAK

This key normally produces the underscore character (-). When shifted, this key transmits the
delete (rub out) code (e) but does not display it.
Transmitted Codes: Underscore is sent when unshifted; delete (rub out) is
sent when shifted.

Depressing the right hand Control and Shift keys
along with the V key will execute a Reset as
above except that wi II work when the keyboard
is disabled.
3.3.15

Saoll Up (SCRL t )

I/O Functions

Keyboard Locking

Activation of this key or entering the ESC.
causes the display' memory window to move
one line down. This can be thought of as the
memory moving up one line behind the display
window. (See Figure 3-2.)

o

Scroll Down (SCRL + )
Striking this key or entering the sequence ESC.2

e

The ESC b sequence causes the keyboard to be
enabled (data can be entered from the keyboard).

e

The ESC c sequence causes the keyboard to
be disabled (data cannot be entered:from the
keyboard). A message indicating KEYBD
LOCK blinks in Field E of the status line .

.

3-31

•

The keyboard cannot be enabled/disabled from
the keyboard. This is an I/O function only.

Keyboard Operation:
I/O Operation:'

Screen Relative Cursor Addressing

ESC C disables the keyboard.

Receipt of ESC b enables the
keyboard and ESC c disables
the keyboard.

Control Code Handling
When in normal operating modes, the ASCII control, and Escape code sequences that are valid
terminal remote commands as listed in Table 3~1
are not written in display memory. Recei~ed.
oontrol codes and escape code sequences that are
not listed in Table ~~ 1 are ignored. Control code
display symbols 'are listed on Table 3.9. Line
monitor mode'allows "display of all received codes.

Cursor addressing allows the cursor to be positioned
anywhere in the..currently vis\..bie display by sending a four-code sequence. The cursor may be .:
addressed from the keyboard or from the I/O
pori. The current cursor location has no effect
on cursor addressing. The cursor is addressed by
receiving the following four-character sequence:
ESC, For Y, line address, oolumn address

Table 3-10 Cursor Address Codes
USE FOR
ABSOLUTE OR RELATIVE CURSOR POSITIONING

The majority of the ASCII codes listed in Tiijble
3-1 (from 00 through 1 F Hex).are not acted
,upon. The following codes are operational:

ASCII

LINEOR

ASCII

LINE OR

ASCII

COLUMN CODe

COLUMN

CODe

COLUMN

CODE

LINE OR

1
3

..I

4

•

2

Nu"L (00 Hex) - Used as a pad code
BE L (07 Hex) - Sounds the audible alarm
BS (08 I-: ex 1
Back Space
: HT (09 Hex) - Horizontal Tab
LF (OA Hex) - Line Feed
CR (q)D Hex) - Return
DCl (11 Hex) - X-On
DC3 (1.3 H.ex) - X-Off
ETB XMIT (17 Hex) - Performs a block transmit
if the terminal is on line.
SUB (lA Hex) - Used to indicate a received
error.
ESC (1 B Hex) - First part of an Escape sequence.
GS (1 D Hex) - Terminates CPU messages.

-

.

H -

"s.
H.r
'-F

Q-

p -

°L
0

A -

~

I -

B -

Sx

J -

Ex

K -

VT

s-

03

L -

FF

T -

04

M-

CR

N -

So

U- NK
V - Sy

o -

~

W-Ea

c D-

e,.

e - Ib
PK

F G- 4

R-

1

O2

X -

~

V -

"M

[

-

\

34

A

66

a

35

B

67

b

C

6B

c
d

36

$

37

.0

%

38

E

70

e

71

f
9

39

F

40

G

72

9

(

41

H

73

h

10

)

.

42

I

i

43

J

74
75

j

12

+

44

K

76

k

13

,

45

L

77

I

14

-

46

M

78

m

47

N

79

n

80

0

11

&

15

/
0

48

0

49

P

81

p

18

1

50

Q

82

q

19

2

51

R

83

r

20

3

52

S

84

s

21

4

53

T

85

t

22

5

54

U

86

u

23

6

' 55

V

87

v

24

7

56

W

88

w

25

8

57

X

89

x

26

9

58

y

90

V

27

:

59

Z

91

z

16

z- Sa

65

6
7

Table 3-9 Control Code Symbols

@

5

8

All control codes are displayed in line monitor
mode. (See Table 3-9 for the displayable symbols
and Section 3.3.7 for an explanation of Line Monitor mode.)

33

69

17

.,

SPACE

EC

28

;

60

[

92

FS

<

t

29

61

93

:

-Gs

\

\-

30

62

1

94

}

As

-

1\-

31

>

63

-

Us

32

?

64

"-

95

~

I

-

3-32

96

same as screen relative cursor sense, except that·
the terminal transmits the absolute cursor location instead of the display relative cursor location.
This function is prompted with ESC· < •

For example, to position the cursor to line 15 and
character position 41, send the following sequence:
ESC, F, period, H or
ESC, V, period, H

For example, if the cursor is on line 32 at character position 34, the response is ESC. ; ? A.

Table 3-10 gives the character and line location
ASCII characters required to address any position
on the display. If either the line or column address
is out of bounds, the whole sequence is ignored.

Keyboard Operation:

None

I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC. < sequence
causes the terminal to transmit
the current absolute cursor location.

Memory Relative Cursor Addressing
The above addressing procedure is valid for moving
the cursor within display memory only.

Read Cursor Character
To position the cursor in a currently non-displayed memory area, use the sequence ESC.·;
followed by the absolute line and column address
from Table 3-10. After this information is entered,
the cursor moves directly to the designated address.
The display "window" moves with the cursor, keeping it visible.

The read cursor character feature provides for
the transmission of the character at the current
cursor location to the host processor. An ESC G
oommand causes the character to be transmitted to the host CPU. Graphics characters are
sent as ASCII characters from Table 3-5.

Screen Relative Cursor Sense

Keyboard Operation: Illegal, rings bell.
I/O Operation:

The cursor sense feature provides for the transmission of the currently displayed cursor location
to the host processor. An ESC' command causes
the cursor position to be transmitted by line and
column as shown in the cursor addressing scheme,
Table 3-10.

Screen Relative Memory Address Pointer
The memory address pointer is an I/O-controlled,
invisible cursor that is used to read and write to
and from the display memory independently of
visible screen functions. The memory address
pointer is positioned just like the cursor but only
by the I/O. The sequence is: ESC, 1\ , line address,
character address. If an invalid row or column
address is sent, the MAP is set at its previous
location (see Table 3-8). After the MAP is set,
the data to be written in display are entered.
Attempts to write characters beyond column 80
of the current line cause automatic wrap to the
beginning of the next line. On reaching column
80 of line 48, the data entered via the memory
address pointer automatically wraps to Home.
Any control or attribute characters (with the
exception of a group separator [GS] cannot
be acted upon and are only displayed. The GS
(CONTROL]) terminator must be used when
the data to be entered at the pointer are complete. To reposition the memory address pointer
without sending data,·the sequence ESC,A , line,
oolumn, GS is used.

Cursor sense is an I/O function on Iy and is not
operable from the keyboard. When the terminal
receives this command, it replies with ESC F
followed by the line and column coordinates of
the current cursor position. This allows the CPU
or other I/O to store away the cursor address and
later reposition the cursor to its original location.
For example, if the cursor is on line 5 at character
position 34, the response is ESC F $ A .
Keyboard Operation:
I/O Operation:

Receipt of ESC G causes cursor
character to be transm itted.

None

Receipt of the ESC\ sequence
causes the terminal to transmit
the current relative cursor location.

Memory Relative Cursor Sense
The memory relative cursor sense functions the

3-33

The CPU may write in locked areas of the display
by using the memory address pointer.
The memory address pointer may be positioned
and data entered while the terminal. is Off Line
without interference to the operator.

Keyboard Operation:

ESC 0 causes the Status
Message to be displayed.

Keyboard Operation:

Transmitted Code: ESC 0

I/O Operation: Receipt of ESC 0 causes the
Status Message to be transmitted.

None

I/O Operation: Terminal responds to codes as
.
explained above.

Serial Aux Check

Memory Relative Memory Address Pointer
The memory address pointer is moveable to
any memory location by prefixing the line
and column address codes with ESC.7. Again,
Table 3-10 is used for addressing purposes,
The MAP may be used to update the contents
of nondisplayed memory while the operator
is still working with displayed memory. The
same conditions that apply to the screen relative memory address pointer to the memory
relative address pointer, except that it will not
function while the terminal is off line.

The ESC. 8 sequence may be used by the I/O
to ascertain the status of. the auxiliary port. T~e
terminal responds with an ACK if the auxiliary
port is not busy and a NAK if it is.

Data Read at Memory Address Pointer

The procedure for the host CPU to deposit data
into the message waiting buffer is the code sequence
ESC,;, message, GS - the last characters being the
control code GS or "Group Separator" (CONTROL]).
The operator is notified of the message deposit by
"MSG WAIT", which appears in the status line in
reversed blinking video. When the operator simultaneously depresses and holds down either the right
or left pair of SHI FT and CONTROL keys, the
message on deposit is displayed on line 25 in halfintensity reversed video, replacing the original
status message. This new message remains as long
as the selected SHI FT /CONTRO L key pair is held
down. On releasing the keys, the original status
line reappears. The CONTRO L ESC 1 keyboard
sequence also places CPU message in line 25. It
remains there until removed by the CPU or the
keyboard sequence CONTROL ESC 2. If no message is present, the status line appears blank and
no n reversed .

Parallel Aux Check
The ESC. 9 sequence may be used by the I/O
to ascertain the status of the parallel port. The
terminal responds with an.ACK if the port is not
busy and a NAK if it is.
CPU Message Deposit and Display

Using the sequence ESC _ (Escape, underscore),
data located at the memory address pointer are
transmitted out of the I/O port. If, for example,
the memory address pointer is at position 10 of
a given line, the character there is transmitted.
After a read, the MAP automatically increments
to the next location, thus allowing sequential
reading of screen data.
Keyboard Operation:

None

I/O Operation: . Receipt of ESC _causes the data
at the memory address pointer
to be transmitted.
Read Terminal Status
The terminal status message (displayed in Fields
F and G of line 25) is generated in response to
the code ESC O. When this code is entered from
the keyboard, no communication occurs to the
I/O but the terminal status message appears in
line 25. When ESC' 0 is received from the I/O,
the terminal status along with the clock (if set)
is transmitted back in response, but the message
is not displayed. See Section 3.3.19 for an explanation of the status line and Section 3.3.16 for
an explanation of the clock.

The function of displaying the deposited message
may be controlled via the I/O by use of the ESC 1
sequenCe. This causes the message to remain displayed until the normal status line is displayed on
recei pt of an ESC 2 sequence.
The user therefore has the abi Iity to force an
alternate status line and gain additional system·
information.

3-34

qa f'll{ Z#I
{t~' ~
Keyboard Operation:

The following constraints apply to data which are
to be held as a waiting message:
a.
b.

c.

A maximum of 80 characters can be stored.
Overflow overwrites in character position 80.
Attribute codes and control codes are not
recognized. For example, sending CR-LF to
the message waiting buffer results in "CR-LF"
being displayed in the data stream as control
code symbols.
The GS terminator (CTR L ] ) must be used at
all times. For example, if a 10-character message is sent to the MESSAGE WAITING buffer
and it is followed by a GS, any data past that
point reverts to normal display memory.

I/O Operation:

tl1

ESC f invokes the self test

Receipt of ESC f causes the Self
. Test to be invoked.

Send Enter Code
This is similar to the function performed by the
ENTER key. On receipt of ESC', the terminal
responds by sending the selected termination character (see 2.7.5). This escape sequence may be received over the I/O entered from the keyboard.
The ENTER key evokes the same terminal response.
Keyboard Operation: ESC' or ENTER key

The CPU memory deposit function is operable
whether the terminal is in on line pr in local mode.
NOTE: The status line can be made to disappear by
sending ESC; GS ESC 1 (zero length message followed by display message command).

I/O Operation:

Receipt of ESC'

Transmitted Code: Selected termination character.
Baud Rate Setting

Keyboard Operation:

Depressing and holding the
SHIFT and CONTROL keys
down or depressing CONTROL ESC 1 promotes
display of a waiting CPU
message.
Releasing the SHIFT/CONTROL
pair or depressing CONTRO L
ESC 2 removes the message.

I/O Operation:

Receipt of ESC 1 displays
message, if present. Receipt
of ESC 2 causes status line
to rea ppea r .

Self Test
A self-testing firmware is invoked at power-up.
This may also be initiated by the operator or
through CPU intervention with the sequence ESC
f. This performs a memory test throughout the
terminal's RAM, and an LRC check of the internal
ROM memory. Successful completion of the test
and correct terminal operation is verified by the
appearance of "SYSTEM ROY" on the status
line. Failure to perform the test correctly promotes an "ERR. CHECK" message in Field E
of the status line.

Baud rates for either the main or auxiliary port
may be set over the I/O or via the keyboard to any
data rate selectable by the rear panel switches. A
three-part escape sequence is used as outlined in
Table 3-11.
.
Table 3-11 Remote Baud Rate Selection
1200

1800

2400

4800

9600

19200

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

110 300

MAIN so.uo RATE
ESC, 7,

0

AUX BAUD RATE
ESC, 5

0

Example:

To set the Main baud rate at 1800,
the sequence ESC 7 3 is used.

Example:

To set the Auxiliary baud rate at
4800, the sequence ESC 5 5 is used.

Write Control Mode
Receipt of the write control code sequence (ESC 6)
from the receiver or the keyboard causes the
next received control or escape sequence to be
written into memory Without execution. The ter c
minal then reverts to the previous operating condition prior to the receipt of the sequence.

3-35

Keyboard Operation: ESC 6 causes the mode to be
entered.
110 Operation:
Receipt of ESC 6 causes the
mode to be entered.
Page Send
With the terminal on line and upon receipt of
ESC J, the terminal performs a block send to '
the main port in accordance with the constraints
of page mode (as outlined in Section 3.3.7) without a Itering the page/line mode.
Keyboard Operation:

ESC I in'itiates Page Serid

I/O Operation:

Receipt of ESC I

Auxiliary Page Send
With the terminal on line and upon receipt of
ESC 3, the terminal performs a block aux send
out to the aux port in accOrdance with the constraints of aux send (3.3.7) without altering the
page/line mode.

Receipt of ESC, space bar, hours,
minutes

Baud Rate Settina.

Receipt of ESC 3.

A complete description of how to set Main and
Auxiliary baud rates from the keyboard is contained in Section 3.3.15.

With the terminal on line and upon receipt of
ESC i, the terminal performs a line send ~o the
main port in accordancewith the constraints of
line mode (in Section 3.3.7) without altering the,
page/line mode. '

Write Control Mode
A complete description of how to enter the Write
Control mode via the keyboard is contained in
Section 3.3.15.

Keyboard Operation: ESC iinitiates line send

3.3.17

Recei pt of ESC i

Auxiliary Line Send
With the terminal on line and upon receipt of
ESC 4, the terminal performs an aux line send
in accordance with the constraints of aux send
(in Section 3.3.7) without altering the Page/line
mode.
Keyboard Operation: ESC 4 initiates aux line send
I/O Operation:

A 24-hour clock which provides time of day or
indicates elapsed time can also be made to appear
on the status line using the keyboard sequence
ESC, spacebar, hours, minutes. For example, to
set the time at 06:45, the keys ESC, spaCe bar,
0,6,4, and 5 are struck. The colons are inserted
automatically and the seconds begin counting
when the last minute digit is entered. Erasing the
clock from the status line can be accomplished
with the RESET sequence ESC V. If a clocksetting mistake is made, the operator must complete the erroneous entry until all clock digits are
filled, then keyESC, space bar again and reenter
the correct time. A correct clock setting sequence
must contain any initial or trailing zeros and consist of four digits.

I/O Operation:

Line Send

I/O Operation:

Clock

Keyboard Operation: ESC, space bar, hours, minutes

Keyboard Operation: ESC 3 initiates Aux Page
Send
I/O Operation:

3.3.16 Special Keyboard Functions

Receipt of ESC 4.

3-36

Boot Load

The Boot Load sequence, ESC ", allows loading
of 8085 Machine Code programs directly into the
RAM memory area. A program can be entered
either from the keyboard or over the I/O port. The
load address and program data are loaded using
ASCII characters of 0-9 and A through F
representing their hex value. Two sequential characters are used to form an 8-bit byte. The program
load operation is terminated by either an @ or #
character code. An @ character causes the programs just loaded to be executed, starting at the
defined load address. A # character saves the
program (allowing its later execution) and returns
the terminal to normal operation.

ator. The continuous alarm is turned on with an
ESC 8 sequenre from the keyboard or over the
main I/O port. The alarm can be turned off by
either striking any key or by receiving an ESC 9
sequence over the main I/O port.

A program is loaded and executed in the following
manner:
a.

ESC" initiates the Boot Load.

b.

The first four characters are used as the highlow load address.

c.

Subsequent bytes are stored sequentially,
starting at the load address.

d.

All codes other than ASCII through 9,
A through F, @or # wi II terminate the,
program load.

The audible alarm also sounds when the operator writes in or attempts to scroll past line

48.
3.3.19

a

e.

The program load is terminated by either
an @ora #.

f.

An @ char~cter terminates the load sequence and starts execution of the loaded
program starting at the ioad address.

g.

A # character terminates the load seql.lence and returns-the terminal to normal
Qperation, allowing for later execution of
the pr,ogram.

h.

If a run address other than what was
initially loaded is desired, it is possible
to load only the address by entering
ESCAPE, "four-digit hexadecimal
address, and @ (program run terminator). If a later run is desired at the
same address, an ESCAPE, " @ will do
this. The address, however, is cleared
out at reset time to prevent accidental
running of nonexistent programs.

3.3.18

Status Line

The status line occupies the 25th display line of
the CRT and is displayed in half intensity reverse
video. The breakdown of the status line display
fields is outlined in Tables 3-12 and 3-13.
To display an alternate status line or nO.status
line at all, lise the CPU message deposit function.
In order to inhibit display of status line, the sequence ESC; GS ESC 1 is employed. This causes
no message to be deposited and forces the status
line to be displayed in normal video with no data
present. The 25th line remains inaccessible to
the operator. In order to display an alternate
status line, the complete CPU message deposit
sequence is followed (see Section 3.3.15).
An additional status line for host CPU system information can be implemented through the use
of the CPU line lock feature. (See Section 3.3.2.)
Following is an explanation of messages which
may appear in status line fields A through H:
Field A - reflects the status of the main port either
being on line or in local mode.
Field B - reflects the terminal being either in moni
tor mode or conditioned to provide a page or line
send if a block send is implemented.
Field C - indicates the status of the data set ready
line of the main I/O port, DSR indicating true,
blank indicating false.
Field D - indicates the status of the aux port.
Blank - Disabled
AUX ON - Aux connected to main on
line
AUX BSY /RDY - Aux enabled from
keyboard to aux; BSY /RDY indicates
status of aux pin 20
PR LON - indicates Parallel port is on
line to the CPU
PR L RDY /BSY - indicates current
status of Parallel port.

Audible Alarm

An audible tone is sounded in the terminal if the
BELL (Control G) character is received. This is
consistent with the bell control of teletypewriters.
When data entry from the keyboard causes the
cursor to pass through the 72nd position of a line,
an audible alarm sounds. The bell rings when illegal keys are struck or when other error conditions
exist, such a numeric entry in an alpha only field,
attempting to lock memory when lines are locked,
etc.
The continuous alarm feature allows the hose proressor to gain the attention of the terminal oper~"

continued on page 3·39

3-37

Table 3-12

Status Line Display Fields

;::::::::: l~:::::::::::

/ "
A

II LJ_=Jf[=~.lIl

ONLINE
LOCAL

MONITOR
PAGE
LINE

/1-7}

(9-15)

D

"C

E

===:J Ie:=:::

STATUS
f

MES AGI~EJ.(3~9!:!-6~5l;)==:::; ~

==oJ"

AUXON * ERR CHECK
* MUST ENTER
AUXBSY * KEYBOARD LOCK *TOTAL FILL
AUX RDY * MSG WAIT
* ALPHA ONLY
PRLON
tMAINSEND
*NUMERICONLY
PRL BSY t AUX SEND
t LINE INSERT
PRL RDY
SYSTEM RDY
t PAGE INSERT
LINE LOCK
MODIFIED MODE
MEM LOCK
(17-19) (21-26)
(28-38)
(40-531
OSR

G

FORMS
FORMSBLD
GRAPHIC

(55-65)

IH

H

HH:MM:SS

(67-80)

*Status line indicators which appear in full intensity reversed blinking video
tStatus line indicators which appear in full intensity reversed video
All others appear in half intensity reversed video

The status line is an invaluable ready-reference tool which enables the operator to tell at a glance
which operating modes/features are currently in use on the DM 30, and whether the terminal
is operating correctly.
It is normally continuously visible unless superseded by a CPU message or other I/O function.
The status line occupies a complete 80-character display line on the bottom (25th) row of
the screen and consists of 8 fields displayed in full intensity reversed blinking or half-intensity
reversed video.
The possible messages for each field are explained in Section 3.3.19 of this manual and are shown
graphically here. Please note only one message at a time can be displayed in each field.
The all-numeric status message, when displayed, occupies Fields F and G. It may be requested
by the operatol or the CPU using the sequence ESC O. It is broken down character by character
in Table 3 - 13 which follows on the next page.

3-38

mntinued from page 3-37

selected; qualified by line or
page to further identify mode.

Field E - indicates main message sequences on a
priority basis.
1= Main Send
5 = Message Wait
2 = Aux Send
6 ;:: Line Lock
7 = Memory Lock
Priority 3 = Error Check
4 = Keyboard Lock 8 = System Ready.

6.

Field F - indicates status messages of terminal
operation.

Field G - indicates terminal is in either Forms/Forms
Build or Graphics mode.

1.

Field H - contains the 24-hour clock in an hours:
minutes: seconds format.

2.

3.

ALPHA ONLY -

Displayed if illegal entry
attempted to an alpha only
format field.
NUMERIC ONLY - Displayed if illegal entry
attempted to a numeric
only format field.

A 27-character terminal status message appears
in character positions 39 through 65 (Fields F and
G) in response to ESC O. This action is initiated
by the CPU or operator and contains information
which pertains to the current terminal operating
confi gurat ion.

MUST ENTER - indicates that an entry
must be made in the
field.

The message supersedes existing display and remains
until any keyswitchis pressed. At that time,the 27character message disappears and the status line returns to its former condition.

4.

TOTAL FI LL -

alerts the operator of a
field which must be
totally filled.

5.

LINE/PAGE INSERT-indicates insert mode
Table 3·13
CHARACTER 0iARAClER
IlI9'I..AVII)
PCSITION
39

1 -7

40

1- 7

MODIFIED MODE -indicates modified mode
selected whi Ie in format mode
to limit data transmission.

Table 3-13 is a key to aid the operator in decoding
this numeric message.

Status Message Indicators

FEATURE
CONVEYED

MESSAGE CONVEYED

5=4800
6 - 9600
3-1800
1· 300
Same as above

Main Baud Rate
Auxiliary
Baud Rate

4- 2400
2-1200

O~'110

41

0-3

Character

Termination

O' CRLF

1- ETX

2- EOT

3- CR

42

0-3

Parity Select

0::1 Even

I-Space

2= Odd

3 - Mark

43

0-3

Self-diagnostics

0- No fault

1 = ROM fauft 2 - RAM fault 3 -110 tlult

44

0-1

Receiver Error Check

O' Off

1 = 0"

46

0- 1

Roll Mode

0= Off

1= On

46

0- 1

Auto Line Feed

0- Ott

I=On

47

0-1

Lower Case Inhibit

0= Off

I-On

4B

0- ,

Ouplex Mode

o • Half Duplex

49

0-'

Autu Echo

O=Off

1· On
I-On

50

0- 1

Screen Display

0= Oft

51

0-'

Main Port

0= On Line

, = Local

62

0- 1

Aux Port

0- Oft

I-On

, = Full Duple.

63

0- 1

Gr aphic. Mode

0= Off

I=On

54

0-1

Line Lock

a-Off

1- On

66

0- ,

Memory Lock

0- Off

I-On

65

0- 1

Keyboard Lock

0= Off

1 = On

0= NOlr,o,

1 .. Diagnostic Irrar detected

57

0-1

6B

0- 1

Error Chock
CPUMossage
Wait

0= No message waiting

59

0-'

~p~g.1Ton

O-Off

60

o· ,

Main Baud
Reset

o • ~¥eOY; ~"o"r\,fl,.a"n"~

1 • ~=.'rfJtw8re

o~ ~'li!h ~fl,.J~~

1 • ~Jm~Jrfc1tware

61

0- f

Aux Baud Reset

62

Various

Software versiol1
Software version

Reflects ROM revision level
Reflects ROM revision level

Software version
Reserved

-

B3

Various

B4

Various

85

Blank

RefldCts ROM revision level

TYPICAL TRANSMliTED MESSAGE: STX-27 - character string clock (HH-MM-SS) - selected termination character_
The clock digits appear only when the clock is properly set_

3-39

1 = Message waitiJlg

1 =On

BEEHIVE INTERNATIONAL

LIMITED WARRANTY
INFORMATION
Beehive's Equipment is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of ninety
(90) days from date of shipment to Beehive's direct customer. l Beehive will repair or, at its option, replace
Equipment which proves to be defective during the Warranty Period, provided such Equipment is returned
to Beehive's factory as hereinafter provided.

...
...

No defective Equipment may be returned to Beehive without an Advance Return Authorization from the
Beehive Field Service Department (80 1-364-46(6). The Return Authorization number must be re.
ferenced on both the shipping container and the packing list.
Subject to all of th(' above conditions, Equipment found to be defective maybe returned to Beehive's
factory freight prepaid. Following repair or replacement, said Equipment shall be returned to the shipping
party, freight collect.
The following items are not covered by warranty:
a.

Routine maintenance and adjustment that is required to maintain products for
operations as specified in the Reference or Operators Manual

b.

Failure or malfunctions which occur as a result ofimproper maintenance,
operation (including hostile operating environment) or lack of care..

c.

Components (if any) which are specified in the Reference or Operating Manual
as being excluded from warranty.

d.

Malfunctions which occur as a result of customer supplied interfacing.

LIMITATIONS OF WARRANTY
The foregoing warranties are in lieu of all other warranties express or implied, including,
but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose. In no event will Seller be liable for consequential damages.

***********
I Beehive's standard terms and conditions provide for a pass-through warranty to its contract customers as
follows:

Buyer may pass on to its customer, Seller's standard Equipment warranty in effect at
the time such Equipment is purchased by Buyer, provided that Buyer advises Seller in
writing as to the date Buyer ships to its customer, including customer address, within
ten (10) days from date of shipment to Buyer's customer. Failure to so notifY Seller
voids all warranty obligations on the part of Seller. In no event shall Seller have any
obligation under this warranty clause to Buyer or Buyer's customer after one hundred
and eighty (180) days from the date of shipment to Buyer.
In some cases Beehive's direct customer has, by written contract, waived all warranties, express and
implied, in exchange for an additional discount.

·.

Place
First Class
Postage
Here

=================ID
BEEHIVE

1='

INTERNA11CNAL
4910 Amelia Earhart Drive
Box 25668
Salt Lake City, Utah 84125
,

.

, Attention: Field Service

WADDAI\.IT'V .t..Ir!'nDAJIIATI"a.. Alun 'l~n'~'''''A'''''''''1

...... r",....A .... ~

Aft.... " . . . . 1t" n , - " . l I n r " ,

FACTORY RETURN WARRAN-fy INFORMATION AND VERIFICATION
CUSTOMERNAME __________________- - - -____- - - -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___
CUSTOMERADDRESS ____________________________________________________________________
CITY______________________________S.TATE _________________ZIP __________
PRODUCT SERIAL NO.

PRODUCT MODEL NO. __- - - - - - - - - - - - -

Complete and return this form to Beehive International to register this terminal for warranty coverege. Refer to the original
sales agraament and warranty statement in your product operator manual for complete warranty terms and conditions and
product return aut.horization procedures. All customers completing this form and returning same to Beehive International
within ten days of shipment will be eligible for a free one year Sdbscription to the "BEELINE", a periodic technicel update
on Beehive's product line.
MAINTENANCE COVERAGE DESIRED

o
o

ON-8ITE

o

CARRY-IN

o

PLEASE HAVE A FACTORY REPRESENTATIVE CALL:

COntact:~---------__----------------

MONTHLY EXCHANGE

Telephone No. ________________

Mini Bee 2
Mini Bee 4
Super Bee 2
Super Bee 3
Edit Bee
B100
B150
B200
B300

B400
B600
B601

COST
IP Ius Applicable Sales TaxI

MAINTENANCE MANUAL PACKAGE
TM14-0303-3
TM25-0703-3
TM44-0603-3
TM45-0503·3
TM95-0803-3
TM76-B 100-4
TM38-B150-4
TM76-B200-4
TM76-B300-4
TM117-B400-4
TM47-B600-4
TM611-B601-4

$50.00
$50.00
$50.00
$50.00
$50.00
$50.00
$50.00
$50.00
$50_00
$50.00
$50.00
$50.00

TM59-DM10-4
TM59-DM10-4
TM59-DM10-4
TM59-DM10-4
TM59-DM20-4
TM59-DM20-4
TM59-DM30-4
TM89-DMP-4
TM89-DMD-4
TM109-DMV-4

$20.00
$20.00
$20.00
$20.00
$20.00
$20.00
$20.00
$20.00
$20.00
$20.00

MICRO BEE
DM10
Micro Bee 1 •
Micro Bee 1A
DM1A
DM20
••
Micro Bee 2 •
DM30
•••
Prism*EmulatiolL •
Dasher* Emulation •
DEC VT52* Emulation'
* Th_ names may be subject to Trademark claim.
YOUR ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS BELOW WILL HELP US TO OPTIMIZE OUR SERVICE PROGRAM

1.

Dateterminalwasreceived ________- - - - - - - - -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___

2.

Did your terminal arrive in satisfactory operating condition? If not explain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___

3.

What applications will this terminal be performing7 _____________________________

4.

Into what type of system will this terminal be incorporated7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

6.

Was Beehive's reputetion and sarvice responsiveness a factor.in your purchasa decision?

(Fold and Staple)

'

.. -

ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION AVAILABLE
TERMINAL MODEL

.

0 YES

o

NO

Form BI-5-0005

BEEHIVE INTERNATIONAL
Dear Customer:

In a continuing effort to provide the best in support and
service to Beehive Computer Terminal users, we offer
documentation packages t.hat present the latest information concerning terminal operation, maintenance, and service. In most cases, each terminal is supported with up to
four different manuals: A Technical User Manual (or Operator Manual), a Maintenance Manual, an Illustrated Parts
Breakdown, and with some terminals, a Programming
Manual. THESE MANUALS MAY BE PURCHASED
SEPARATELY OR BOUND IN AN EASY TO USE
"MAINTENANCE MANUAL PACKAGE."

•
The Illustrated Parts Breakdown contains exploded
views and a list of all parts used in the terminal.
•
The Programming Manuals are for use with higher
level terminals, such as the B5OO/B550 and Micro 4400.
•
In addition, a user may purchase a subscription to the
"Beeline," a periodic updating service that provides the
latest in service updates, manual updates, kits/modifications, and recommended spare parts. This bulletin is free
with the purchase of the Maintenance Manual Package or
for a ten dollar/year charge.

The Technical Users Manual contains basic operator
•
information, interface/code information, intemal configuration/setup instructions and specifications.

Manuals and Beeline subSCriptions can be ordered by
the form below and retuming to Beehive International. Please give the model and serial number of your
terminal and include a purchase order ($100 minimum
purchase only) or check/money order and include a complete address with zip code. Sales tax for your appropriate
purchase should be included in all U.S. orders.
compl~ting

•
The Maintenance Manual contains a theory of operation, basic component level trouble shooting guidance,
schematics/drawings, separate monitor/keyboard maintenance information, a glossary of terms, and in most cases
information about integrated circuits used in the terminals.

MANUAL ORDER

FORM

Name __________________________

Title

Company Name

Address

Citv _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Terminal Name

"

Zip

State

Phone ________________

Model & Serial No.

Manuals Required ___________________________________________________________________________

Maintenance Manual Packages
Micro Bee or Model DM Series ................................................................. .
AIiOthers ................................................................................... .

$20.00
50.00

Operator or Technical User Manuals ...........................•.•...........•......•....•..•..
Illustrated Parts Breakdown .....................•.............•.......•.•.•.•.••..........•..•

10.00
15.00

Maintenance Manual Only
Micro Bee or Model DM Series ................................................................. .
AIiOthers ................................................................................... .

00.00
30.00

Beeline Subscription (Included in the Maintenance Manual Package above)
Total ____________________

10.00

Date _____________________
MAKE CHECK OR MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO:

BEEHIVE
I NTERNA'T10NAL
4910 Amelia Earhart Drive
80x 25668 • Salt Lake City. Utah 84125
(801J 355-6000 • TWX 910-925-5271

PLEASE INCLUDE APPLICABLE STATE SALES TAX OR PROVIDE BEEHIVE INTERNATIONAL WITH A RESALE OR EXEMPT CERTIFICATE.

Fold

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Place
First Class
Postage
Here

r -

==================:ID
BEEHIVE
INTERNA110NAL

4910 Amelie Eerhert Drive
80x 25668 • Selt Leke City. Uteh 94125
(801) 355-6000 • TWX 910-925-5271

Attention Publications Department

"
Fold

Staple



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