Hk ESC 20A Manual

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USER MANUAL

Dear customers:

Thank you for using the smart power electric speed controller (ESC) for brushless motor designed and

produced by HobbyKing.com. Wrong use and operation may cause personal injuries and damages on the

equipment due to the strong power at the starting of the product. We strongly recommend customers to read the

specification carefully before using the product and operate the product strictly in accordance with the

operating provisions. We assume no responsibilities generated from the application of the product, including

but not limited to liabilities for damage of incidental losses or indirect losses. Meanwhile, we assume no

responsibilities generated from the disassembly and modification by users themselves and assume no

responsibilities caused by products from the third party.

We have the right to alter products including appearance, performance parameter and operating requirement

without advanced notice. We make no guarantee, declaration or promise on whether the product is suitable for

specific purpose of users.

I. The main properties of electric speed controller for brushless motor

●　Use powerful and high-performance MCU processor. The users can set function of use according to their

requirements. It fully reflects the smart property of our products as a unique advantage.

● Support unlimited rotate speed of brushless motor

● Support the function of fixed speed

● Delicate circuit design with strong anti-interference

●　The starting mode can be set. The response speed of throttle is very quickly and with very stable linear of

speed regulation. It can be used in fixed wing aircraft and helicopter

● Threshold values of low-voltage protection can be set.

●　With internal SBEC, the operating power to start steering engine is strong and the power dissipation is

small.

● Multi protection function: protection for abnormal input voltage/ protection for low battery/ protection for

overheat/protection of lowing power when lost of signals from throttle

●　Good safety performance under energization: the motor will not start at the time of power on regardless of

the location of pull rod of throttle in controller.

●　Protection for overheat: the output power will lesson to half when the temperature reaches 100 during the℃

operation of ESC. The output power will automatic recover when the temperature is under 100℃

●　Supports with operation setting for all controller and setting of programming panels

● Set alarm sound. And judge the working situation after power on.

● The company has completed intellectual property on the product. The product can be continuingly updated

and upgraded. The product can be made to customers’ requirements.

The product standard of ESC

Standard

（A）sust

ained

current

(10s)

（A）max

instantane

ous

current

(V/A)

Output

BEC

mode

Number

battery/lit

hium

battery

Number

battery/ni

ckel-

hydrogen

battery

Size(width*len

gth*height)

weight

HK20A UBEC 20A 25A 5.5V/3A-

SBEC/

UBEC 2-4Lipo 5-12NC 54*26*11 30

HK3A UBEC 30A 40A 5.5V/3A-

SBEC/

UBEC 2-4Lipo 5-12NC 54*26*11 32

Notice:

1） The ESC with SBEC supply steering engine with switching power. The output voltage is 5.5V. The

load current of steering engine is 4A. At the moment of 2 seconds can reach 8A.

2） The ESC with UBEC supply steering engine with linear power. The output voltage is 5.5v. The load

current is 1A.

3） OPTO means that there is no BEC inside ESC. The steering engine and receiver shall be supplied

with power separately.

4） Customized BEC can be made according to customers’ requirements.

5） Customized ESC can be made according to customers’ requirements.

II. The introduction of the connection in the ESC

In order to avoid short circuit and leakage, the joint are connected by thermal shrinkable pipe to ensure

insulation.

Battery Pack Black Red White Motor

III. The function of electric speed controller for brushless motor

1. Reset to factory default

2. Battery types set(Lipo or NiMh/NiCd)

3. Brake set (yes/no)

4. Threshold set of protection for low voltage (set a protective value for low voltage)

5. Motor entrance angle set (improve the service efficiency of ESC and the stability in the starting)

6. Accelerated startup set (used in precise gear box and application of helicopter)

7. Helicopter mode (used in application of helicopter)

8. Steering motor (clockwise/anticlockwise)

9. Operating frequency set

10. Protection mode under low voltage (reduces power or halts immediately)

VI. The operation steps of programming in ESC for brushless motor.

Push the pull rod of throttle in the ESC to the highest position to make the ESC enter the setting mode and

then turn on the ESC.

Remark: the ESC enters the setting mode when the pull rod of throttle in the ESC is pushed to the highest

position; the ESC enters the working mode when the pull rod of throttle in the ESC is pushed to the lowest

position.

1) Connect the battery pack to the ESC. After two seconds, a beep shows that the ESC enters the setting mode.

The menu of setting mode is a cycle model. Each function corresponds to one corresponding musical tone.

Each musical tone will ring out for four times continuously. During the four periods when music rings, push the

pull rod of throttle in the ESC to the lowest position. Then the motor will give out a beep to inform that

corresponding parameters have been stored, and the ESC enters the working mode.

2) Repeat the above operation to set various functions you need.

Remark: Can also set with programming panels （optional accessories ）. Refer to specification of

programming panels for setting method.

1. Brake: turn on/turn off

Turn on: the propeller stops immediately when the throttle works under the smallest position.

Turn off: the propeller stops naturally when the throttle works under the smallest position.

2. Battery types: LiPo or NiCd/NiMh

NiCd/NiMh- set protection point for NiCad/NiMh.

Lipo-set protection point for Lipo and detect numbers of battery automatically in the battery pack.

Remark: the choice of NiCad/NiMh battery will make the ESC automatically set the cutoff value of voltage

at 65% of factory defaults. The cutoff value can be modified through the function of protection

for low voltage in case of changes. Once the battery pack of NiCad/NiMh connects to the power,

the ESC will read its initial voltage. The voltage will used as a reference value for cutoff value of

voltage.

3. Protection function of low voltage: low/middle/high

1) In case of Ni-xx battery pack: the cutoff value of voltage is 50%/65%/65% of the initial voltage of

battery pack under low/middle/high threshold value.

2) In case of Li-xx battery pack: the number of batteries can be calculated automatically. Users need not to

set anything except the types of battery. The ESC provides three optional gears for protection point of low

voltage: low(2.8V)/middle(3.0V)/high(3.2V)

For example: the protection cutoff voltage for low voltage is 11.2V as low /12.0V as middle/12.8V as high

in case of Li-po battery pack with four batteries and voltage at 14.8V.

4. Recover to factory default setting.

1) The factory default setting of ESC:

2) The brake: off

3) The types of battery: Lipo battery with automatic detection.

4) The cutoff value under low voltage: middle (3.0V/65%)

5) The angle of entrance in motor: automatic

6) Setting for accelerated startup: smooth

7) The setting Mode for helicopter: off

8) The frequency of working: 8kHz

9) Protection mode under low voltage: reduce power

5. The angle of entrance in motor: automatic/low/high

Automatic-the ESC detect the most suitable angle of entrance in motor automatically.

Low (7-22 degree) – suitable for the setting of most motors with inner rotor

High (22-30 degree)-suitable for the setting of most motors with outer rotor and 6 poles or more than poles

Under most cases, the automatic angle of entrance is suitable for all motors. However, in order to increase

efficiency, we recommend using low angle of entrance in motors with 2 poles (generally inner rotor), and using

high angle of entrance in motors with 6 and more than 6 poles (generally outer rotor). We can set a high angle

of entrance for motors with higher rotate speed. Some motors need special angle of entrance. We recommend

using the angle of entrance recommended by motor producers or automatic detected angle of entrance in case of

uncertainty.

Remark: please debug the motor on the ground after successfully altering the angle of entrance in motor.

Setting for accelerated startup: provide rapid accelerated start up with linear throttle response.

Ultra smooth startup: the lag time of throttle response between the starting and highest speed is 1.5 seconds.

The setting mode can prevent the precision gear/gearing dropping under momentary load. The setting mode is

recommended to use in fixed wing model with gear box or helicopter.

Smooth startup: the lag time of throttle response between the starting and highest speed is 1 second. The

setting mode is recommended to use in fixed wing model with gear box or helicopter.

Accelerated startup: there is no lag time of throttle response between the starting and highest speed. The

setting mode is recommended to use in fixed wing model with direct drive.

6. The Mode for helicopter: (use in application of helicopter)

Turn off the helicopter

Helicopter 1: the lag time of throttle response between the starting and highest speed is 5 seconds. However,

if the throttle is turned off after startup, the next startup will commence in common mode.

Helicopter 1: the lag time of throttle response between the starting and highest speed is 15 seconds. However,

if the throttle is turned off after startup, the next startup will commence in common mode.

Remark: once working under mode for helicopter, the brake and types of protection under low voltage will

be reset automatically to mode of no brake and reduce power mode separately regardless of previous setting of

ESC.

7. Steering motor (clockwise/anticlockwise)

In most cases, the clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of motor can be realized by exchanging any two lines

among the three output lines in the ESC connected to the motor. The direction of rotation can be changed by

altering the setting value on the ESC in case that the wire connected to motor has been directly welded on the

ESC.

8. Operating frequency： 8kHz / 16kHz

8 kHz-the Operating frequency for motor with 2 poles, for example inner rotor

16 kHz-the Operating frequency for motor with poles more than 2, for example outer rotor

Although the operating frequency of 16 kHz can provide strong power for fixed wing or helicopter, the

default setting is 8 kHz for there are louder RF noise under the operating frequency of 16 kHz.

9. Protection mode under low voltage: reduce power/ halt immediately

Reduce power- the ESC will reduce the output power of motor when reaches default protection threshold

for low voltage (recommend)

Halt immediately-the ESC will cut off the output power of motor when reaches default protection threshold

for low voltage

V. The order and introduction of circle menu under programming mode

● Turn on ESC- push the throttle to the highest position-connect the ESC to battery- wait two second-enter

programming mode

After enter programming mode, the following beeps will give out in accordance with the following circuit.

After certain warning tone, push the throttle to the lowest position during the four beeps.

Confirm and reserve the setting.

The introduction for the setting of programming

The setting of programming :( the five following warning tone is as follows.)

A= - beep- short sound

B= beep-beep-beep 3 three continuing sounds

C=～beep gradual changing sound+beep

D= beep low sound↘

E= beep-- long sound

music1 throttle A-A-A-A

music2 brake B-B-B-B

music3 types of battery

nickel-hydrogen

battery C-C-C-C

music4 lithium battery D-D-D-D

music5 protection

threshold for low

voltage

low E-E-E-E

music6 middle AA-AA-AA-AA

music7 high BB-BB-BB-BB

music8 Recover to factory default setting CC-CC-CC-CC

music9

Angle of entrance

Automatic DD-DD-DD-DD

music10 Low EE-EE-EE-EE

music11 High AAA-AAA-AAA-AAA

music12

Startup of motor

Ultra smooth BBB-BBB-BBB-BBB

music13 Smooth CCC-CCC-CCC-CCC

music14 Accelerated

startup DDD-DDD-DDD-DDD

music15

Mode for

helicopter

Turn off EEE-EEE-EEE-EEE

music16 The helicopter

mode 1 AAAA-AAAA-AAAA-AAAA

music17 The helicopter

mode 2 BBBB-BBBB-BBBB-BBBB

music18 The pros and cons setting of motor

rotation CCCC-CCCC-CCCC-CCCC

Turn on the remote

control and push the

pull rod of throttle

to the lowest

positionp

music19 PWM frequency of

motor

8K DDDD-DDDD-DDDD-DDDD

music20 16K EEEE-EEEE-EEEE-EEEE

music21 Protection mode

under low voltage

Reduce power AD-AD-AD-AD

music22 cutoff output AE-AE-AE-AE

● The warning tone: the warning tone is set as audible sound to help users judge abnormal condition after turn

on the power.

1. Fail to enter working mode after turn on the power: the routine of throttle has not been set yet.

2. Continuing beeps: the pull rod of throttle is not in the lowest position

3. There is a short pause after a beep: the ESC can not detect normal throttle signals from receiver.

4. There is a pause of one second after a beep: the voltage of battery pack is out of acceptable limit (once

the battery is connected, the ESC will carry out a self-checking and check the voltage of battery.)

VI．The smart protection functions of ESC.

The introduction of the protection function in the ESC for brushless motor

Types of

protection Descriptions of protection

Protection

for startup

If the motor fails to startup normally in two seconds after push the throttle to start, the ESC will

cut off the motor. The throttle shall be reset to commence a restart. Possible reasons: there is a

disconnection or poor contact in wiring between the ESC and motor. The propeller is stemmed by

other objects. The speed reduction gear is badly blocked.

Protection

for

temperature

When the working temperature in the ESC is higher than 100 , the ESC will reduce the output℃

power automatically to commence protection, but will reduce the output power to 40% of full

power to reserve some power for motor and avoid crash landing instead of turning off all output

power. The ESC will recover to max power as the temperature falls.

Protection

for lost of

throttle

signals

The ESC will reduce the output power to motor when the ESC detect that there are 2 seconds’ lost

of throttle signals. If there another 2 seconds’ lost of throttle signals, the ESC will cut off motor

automatically. If the throttle signals recover during the reduction of output power of motor, the

ESC will recover control of throttle at once. In this method, in the case of momentary lost of

signals (within 2 seconds), the ESC will not commence the protection of throttle. Only when the

control signals have been lost for a long time, the ESC will commence protection. However, the

ECS will reduce the output power gradually instead of cutting off output power immediately so

that the players will have certain period to rescue the machine. It has both safety and practicability.

VII．The routine of throttle shall be set at the first time turn on the ESC.

The feature of HobbyKing ESC is to set best routine of throttle according to different transmitters. The

ESC can obtain most stable throttle linear response through the total routine of throttle in transmitters. The

objective is let the ESC to obtain and remember the output signals of throttle in transmitters. The operation

needs to be carried for one time. Please repeat the operation when change transmitters.

Notice: must to check carefully whether polarities of all connector assembly are correct and whether the

installation is firm before connect the battery pack during the using to avoid damages to the ESC due to

incorrect connection between polarities or short cut.

The operation when use the ESC for the first time is as follows:

● The normal startup procedure of the ESC is as follows:

Turn on the remote

control and push the

pull rod of throttle

to the lowest

positionp

Remark: if the motor suddenly stops when your model airplane are flying, you shall immediately push the

pull rod of throttle to the lowest position and then push to the high position. Then the motor will restart. You

shall land the model airplane immediately with throttle controlled with a lower position.

Please pay attention to the following safety information when using.

● Never disassemble any electro components in the ESC by yourself, or permanent damages or lost of

information will occur.

● Check the setting of receiver. Do not install propeller or small driving gear on motor if you haven’t confirm

that the setting of receiver is correct when test the ESC and motor for the first time.

● Do not use cracked or broken battery pack.

● Do not use battery pack easily get overheat.

● Do not use short-cut battery.

● Do not use cable insulation material against standards.

● Do not use cable connector against standards.

● The number of battery or servo system shall not exceed the rules for ESC.

● The voltage of battery shall not exceed the scope of working voltage of ESC.

● Pay attention to the polarities of battery. Wrong polarities will damage the ESC.

● Be sure that the ESC will not use in manned craft or other manned machines.

● Do not place the ESC in moist or over exposure.

● Do not take out battery when the motor is working, for the generated large peak current will damage the ESC.

● Do not pack anything outside the ESC. Install the ESC in places with good ventilation and heat dissipation as

far as possible.

The second group

sound means the

situation of brake.

(One beep to the

open of brake, two

beeps to the close of

brake). The

preparation of the

ESC is completed.

The first group

sound means that

the number of

battery in battery

pack connected to

the ESC (three

beeps to three

batteries, four beeps

to four batteries.)

Turn on the remote

control and push the

pull rod of throttle

to the lowest

positionp

Connect battery

pack with the ESC,

the ESC will give

out two group

sounds to present

that the ESC enters

working mode when

the ESC is

electrified for the

first time.

VIII．Handling of common problems

Problems Possible reasons Solutions

After power on, the motor

fails to work and there is

no music. The servo

system fails to work and

switch on.

There is a poor contact

between battery pack and

ESC.

The power is off.

Clean the plugs again or change plugs. Check and

confirm the polarities of wiring.

The polarities of connection

between receiver and signal

wires of ESC are wrong

Check the signal wire to ensure the polarities are

correct.

The welding is not firm so a

poor contact easy happens. Weld the connecting line for the second time.

The wiring polarities of

batteries are wrong.

Check the battery pack and exchange battery

pack with full voltage in accordance with

standards.

Hk ESC 20A Manual

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