Lexicon PCM96 Surround Owner's Manual English Pcm96s 5047786 B Original

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Lexicon PCM96 Surround (digital) Owner's Manual English pcm96s_manual_5047786-b_original Lexicon - PCM96 Surround (digital) - Owner's Manual English

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Page Count: 54

Introduction
The Front Panel
The Rear Panel - Digital Model
The Rear Panel - Digital and Analog Model
Using the PCM96 Surround
DSP Configurations
Networking
System Menu
Machine Menu
Using MIDI
The Algorithms
The Parameters
Analog DB25 Cable Diagrams
Digital DB25 Cable Diagram
Specifications
MIDI Implementation Chart

Surround

Professional Audio Equipment

WARRANTY

This warranty is valid only for the original purchaser and only in the United States. If outside the United States

please contact the local Lexicon® distributor.

1. Please register your product online at lexiconpro.com. Proof-of-purchase is considered to be the responsibility of

the consumer. A copy of the original purchase receipt must be provided for any warranty service.

2. Lexicon Professional warrants this product, when purchased new from an authorized U.S. Lexicon Professional

dealer and used solely within the U.S., to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use

and service. This warranty is valid to the original purchaser only and is non-transferable.

3. Lexicon Professional’s liability under this warranty is limited to repairing or, at our discretion, replacing defective

materials that show evidence of defect, provided the product is returned to Lexicon Professional WITH RETURN

AUTHORIZATION from the factory, where all parts and labor will be covered up to a period of 1 year. A Return

Authorization Number must first be obtained from Lexicon Professional. The company shall not be liable for any

consequential damage as a result of the product’s use in any circuit or assembly.

4. Lexicon Professional reserves the right to make changes in design or make additions to or improvements upon this

product without incurring any obligation to install the same additions or improvements on products previously

manufactured.

5. The foregoing is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, and Lexicon Professional neither assumes nor

authorizes any person to assume on its behalf any obligation or liability in connection with the sale of this product.

In no event shall Lexicon Professional or its dealers be liable for special or consequential damages or from any

delay in the performance of this warranty due to causes beyond their control.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT & SERVICE

If you require technical support, contact Lexicon Professional Technical Support. Be prepared to accurately describe

the problem. Know the serial number of your device – this is printed on a sticker attached to the chassis.

Before you return a product to the factory for service, we recommend you refer to this manual. Make sure you

have correctly followed installation steps and operating procedures. For further technical assistance or service, please

contact our Technical Support Department at (801) 566-8800 or visit lexiconpro.com. If you need to return a

product to the factory for service, you MUST first contact Technical Support to obtain a Return Authorization

Number.

NO RETURNED PRODUCTS WILL BE ACCEPTED AT THE FACTORY WITHOUT A RETURN

AUTHORIZATION NUMBER.

Please refer to the Warranty information, which extends to the first end-user. After expiration of the warranty, a

reasonable charge will be made for parts, labor, and packing if you choose to use the factory service facility. In all

cases, you are responsible for transportation charges to the factory. If the product is still under warranty, Lexicon

Professional will pay the return shipping.

Use the original packing material if it is available. Mark the package with the name of the shipper and with these

words in red: DELICATE INSTRUMENT, FRAGILE! Insure the package properly. Ship prepaid, not collect. Do

not ship parcel post.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION �� 1

THE FRONT PANEL �� 2

THE REAR PANEL - DIGITAL MODEL ��4

THE REAR PANEL - DIGITAL AND ANALOG MODEL ��5

USING THE PCM96 SURROUND ��6

Powering Up the PCM96 Surround .........................................................6

The Preset Screen .....................................................................................6

Selecting Your Audio Source and Clock Source ........................................7

Loading a Preset .......................................................................................7

Changing Categories ................................................................................7

System Presets and Machine Presets .........................................................8

The Configuration Icon ...........................................................................9

Editing a Preset ......................................................................................10

Storing a Preset .......................................................................................11

Initializing/Formatting a Compact Flash Card .......................................12

Creating a New System Preset ................................................................12

DSP CONFIGURATIONS ��13

Preset Availability Within the Various Surround Configurations ............13

Signal Distribution Inside the Algorithm ...............................................13

Single Stereo (Mono In) .........................................................................14

Single Stereo ...........................................................................................14

Dual Stereo (Mono In) ...........................................................................14

Dual Stereo ............................................................................................14

Cascade Stereo ........................................................................................15

Dual Mono ............................................................................................15

Quad Mono ...........................................................................................15

Cascade Mono ........................................................................................15

Dual Mono + Single Stereo ....................................................................15

Cascade Mono To Stereo ........................................................................15

Single Two In Four Out .........................................................................15

Single Four In Four Out ........................................................................16

Single Two In Five Out ..........................................................................16

Single Five In Five Out ..........................................................................16

Single Six In Six Out ..............................................................................16

NETWORKING �� 17

Overview of TCP/IP Basics ....................................................................17

Connecting the Computer Directly to the PCM96 Surround ................18

Setup of a Simple Isolated Ethernet Network Using DHCP .................18

Virtual Private Networks (VPN) ............................................................19

Network Considerations and Limitations ...............................................19

Network Troubleshooting .......................................................................19

SYSTEM MENU ��21

Audio Setup ...........................................................................................21

Machine Config .....................................................................................22

MIDI Control ........................................................................................22

Tempo Control.......................................................................................23

Card Config ...........................................................................................23

Network Config .....................................................................................23

HiQnet Config .......................................................................................23

Restore Factory Defaults .........................................................................23

MACHINE MENU ��24

Soft Row Setup ......................................................................................24

I/O Settings ............................................................................................24

Various Parameters .................................................................................24

USING MIDI ��24

Setup Definitions ...................................................................................25

Preset Loading ........................................................................................25

How to Assign a Base Channel to the PCM96 Surround .......................25

Channel Map (how channels map to machines) .....................................26

Bank Dump ...........................................................................................26

Reverse Bank Dump (Bank “Load”) .......................................................26

Continuous Controllers ..........................................................................26

Soft Row Parameter/MIDI CC Map ......................................................27

Bank/Preset Map ....................................................................................27

MIDI SysEx Implementation .................................................................28

THE ALGORITHMS ��30

Chamber (Surround, Stereo and Mono) .................................................30

Random Delay (Surround, Stereo and Mono) ........................................30

Hall (Surround, Stereo and Mono) .........................................................31

Random Hall (Surround, Stereo and Mono) ..........................................32

Plate (Surround, Stereo and Mono) ........................................................32

Dual Delay (Surround, Stereo and Mono) .............................................32

Resonant Chords (Surround, Stereo and Mono) ....................................33

Chorus/Flange (Surround, Stereo and Mono) ........................................34

Concert Hall (Surround, Stereo and Mono) ...........................................34

Room (Surround, Stereo and Mono) ......................................................34

Pitch Shift - Multivoice ..........................................................................34

Pitch Shift - Standard VSO ....................................................................35

Pitch Shift - Multi Mono VSO ..............................................................35

Pitch Shift - Post VSO ...........................................................................35

Signal Generator ...................................................................................35

THE PARAMETERS ��36

ANALOG DB25 CABLE DIAGRAMS ��44

DIGITAL DB25 CABLE DIAGRAM ��45

SPECIFICATIONS ��46

MIDI IMPLEMENTATION CHART ��49

INTRODUCTION

Congratulations and thank you for purchasing the PCM96 Surround

Reverb/Multi Effects Processor! Building on the success of the PCM96, the

new PCM96 Surround offers more presets, more configuration options, and

more inputs and outputs. The PCM96 Surround gives you industry standard

reverbs and effects, with tremendous flexibility.

The PCM96 Surround is available with either 6 channels of XLR/AES

inputs and outputs, or 2 DB25 6-channel analog I/O and 1 DB25 6-chan-

nel digital I/O. Both versions also feature MIDI, Wordclock, and Ethernet.

THE FRONT PANEL

FLASH BUSY

SELECT

TAP/TEMPO

LOAD

BACK

MACHINE STORE

COMPARE

123456

1 2

131211

987654

1. Gain LEDs

Each row of Gain LEDs indicates input signal strength of each of the

PCM96 Surround’s inputs. If the Audio Source is set to Analog (in the

Audio Setup menu), they show analog levels. If Audio Source is set to

Digital, they show digital levels. Range is from -18dB, -12dB, -6dB, -3dB,

and 0dB.

2. MACHINE Button

The PCM96 Surround can be configured as a single system or as 1-4

“machines”, each of which can run its own preset. The Machine button

cycles the selected preset through its system and machine configurations.

3. SELECT Knob

Turn the Select knob to scroll through presets and menu options. Press the

Select knob to select the current preset or menu option. Once you’ve selected

a menu option, you can turn the Select knob to adjust the menu option’s

value (Press the Back button to accept the change.)

4. A, B, and C Knobs

These knobs adjust parameters shown in the Display. Turn Knob A to adjust

the parameter in the top row, Knob B to adjust the parameter in the second

row, and Knob C to adjust the parameter in the third row. Press Knob A to

access additional pages of parameters when in the Soft Row. Press Knob C

to view the current preset’s Algorithm, Bank number, Program number, and

MIDI channel. These knob also have additional context-sensitive functions

when pressed.

5. TAP/TEMPO Button

Press two or more times to set tempo for delays and modulated effects. Look

for presets with (T) in the name for effects that react to tempo.

6. STORE Button

Press to store a preset. When pressed, a menu appears in the Display where

you can enter a new name for the preset.

7. Compact Flash Card Slot

Insert Compact Flash card here.

8. FLASH BUSY LED

This LED lights when the Compact Flash card is being read or written to.

Do not remove the Compact Flash card when this LED is lit.

9. Power Button

Press to turn the PCM96 Surround on or off.

10. Display

This high resolution, high contrast, and high viewing angle OLED (Organic

LED) display shows menu and box configuration and status information.

11. BACK

Pressing this button moves you up one level in the menu tree. Note that

when a System preset is loaded, this button takes you to the System Mode

Category Selection menu. When a Machine preset is loaded, the Back but-

ton takes you to the Machine Mode Category Selection menu.

12. LOAD

Press this button to load the selected preset. You can also press the Select

knob to load a preset.

13. COMPARE

This button is used to compare an edited preset against its unedited self.

When a preset is loaded, this button’s LED is off. As soon as the preset is

edited in any fashion, the LED lights. If the button is pressed, the edited

state is temporarily stored and the preset is reloaded from the file system.

During this period of time, editing is disallowed and the button LED blinks

rapidly. When the Compare button is pressed a second time, the edited state

is restored, editing is allowed again, and the LED is illuminated.

THE REAR PANEL - DIGITAL MODEL

OUT 5-6 OUT 3-4 OUT 1-2 IN 5-6 IN 3-4 IN 1-2

1 2

1. POWER JACK

Standard 3-pin IEC power connector. 100-240V, 50-60Hz automatic

switching to correct voltage range.

2. ETHERNET INPUTS

These RJ-45 connections are used to network PCM96 Surround devices and

control them via Ethernet.

3. MIDI IN

Receives MIDI information from other MIDI equipment such as master

keyboard controllers, MIDI foot controllers, sequencers and synthesizers.

MIDI THRU

Passes any MIDI data received without change.

MIDI OUT

Transmits MIDI data to other equipment.

4. AES/EBU In/Out

AES/EBU format digital connectors conform to AES professional standards.

5. WORD CLOCK INPUT

This connection allows the PCM96 Surround to lock to a master system

clock. It is not terminated. For best results we recommend using “T” con-

nectors when setting up a BNC Word Clock network and terminating the

end of of this network with a 75 ohm BNC terminator.

THE REAR PANEL - DIGITAL AND ANALOG

MODEL

ANALOG I/O

1 3

1. POWER JACK

Standard 3-pin IEC power connector. 100-240V, 50-60Hz automatic

switching to correct voltage range.

2. DB25 6-CHANNEL DIGITAL AES I/O

This D25 connector carries six analog inputs and outputs.

3. ETHERNET INPUTS

These RJ-45 connections are used to network PCM96 Surround devices and

control them via Ethernet.

4. MIDI IN

Receives MIDI information from other MIDI equipment such as master

keyboard controllers, MIDI foot controllers, sequencers and synthesizers.

MIDI THRU

Passes any MIDI data received without change.

MIDI OUT

Transmits MIDI data to other equipment.

5. DB25 6-CHANNEL ANALOG IN/OUT

These D25 connectors each carry six analog inputs and outputs.

6. WORD CLOCK INPUT

This connection allows the PCM96 Surround to lock to a master system

clock. It is not terminated. For best results we recommend using “T” con-

nectors when setting up a BNC Word Clock network and terminating the

end of of this network with a 75 ohm BNC terminator.

USING THE PCM96 SURROUND

POWERING UP THE PCM96 SURROUND

1. Plug in the power cord.

2. Press the Power button.

3. The Lexicon® logo appears, and remains until the boot process is com-

plete. Next, the Preset screen appears, showing the currently loaded pre-

set.

THE PRESET SCREEN

The Preset screen is the starting point for many of the instructions in this

manual, so it’s a good idea to know how to get to the Preset screen. In most

cases, pressing the Back button one or more times will take you back to the

Preset screen. If you press the Back button while viewing the Preset screen,

you’ll arrive at the Machine or System Category Selection screen. In this

case, just turn the Select knob to select a category (the current category is

marked with an asterisk), and press the Select knob to load it. You will then

be taken to the Preset screen.

The Preset screen shows the current preset and configuration. Note that the

Preset screen has two “views”: System view (for System Presets) and Machine

view (for Machine Presets). For more information see “System Presets and

Machine Presets” on page 8.

SYSTEM VIEW

1:Single Stereo Config

(System View)

Current Preset Clock Sync icon

Configuration Icon

Clock Rate

MACHINE VIEW

0:Large Hall

1:PreDelay :20ms

2:ReverbTime :2.79s

3:RvbOutFreq :6500.0Hz

Current Preset

Configuration Icon

Soft Row Parameters

Clock Sync icon

Clock Rate

SELECTING YOUR AUDIO SOURCE AND CLOCK SOURCE

1. Press the Machine button until the words “System View” appear in the

Display.

1:ConcertHall->Flange

(System View)

1:Single Stereo Config

(System View)

2. Press the Select knob. The System Menu appears.

System Menu Version 1.0

+Audio Setup

+Machine Config

+MIDI Control

3. With Audio Setup highlighted, press the Select knob. The Audio Setup

menu appears.

|:Audio Setup

Audio Source: ANALOG A

Clock Source: INTERNAL B

Clock Rate: 48KHz (Lock) C

4. Turn Knob A to select your audio source (Analog or AES).

5. Turn Knob B to select your wordclock source (Internal, AES, or BNC).

6. Press the Back button twice to save your changes and return to the

Preset screen.

LOADING A PRESET

1. From the Preset screen, turn the Select knob to scroll through the avail-

able presets in the current category. (Presets are arranged in categories

within the PCM96 Surround; see Changing Categories below for more

information.) The preset name blinks after you turn the Select knob,

indicating that you are in preset selection mode.

2. Press the Select knob to load the preset you’ve selected. The display

briefly reads Loading Preset, and the preset name appears. It is no longer

blinking.

CHANGING CATEGORIES

Presets are grouped into categories in the PCM96 Surround. Each category

has its own set of presets. When you turn the Select knob while viewing a

preset, you only see presets available in the current category.

System Presets and Machine Presets each have their own set of catego-

ries. System Preset categories are based on DSP configurations (see “DSP

Configurations” on page 13), and Machine Preset categories are based on

algorithms (see “The Algorithms” on page 30).

System Presets and Machine Presets also have User and Card categories,

where you can access user-edited presets. Presets in the User category are

stored on the PCM96 Surround, and presets in the Card category are stored

on a Compact Flash card.

To select a different category

1. From the Preset screen, press the Back button. The Category Selection

screen appears. Note that there are different Category Selection screens

for System Presets and Machine Presets:

Category Selection Screen - System Presets

Preset Category Selection

Default Configurations *

Combined Mono Reverbs

Combined Mono Effects

Category Selection Screen - Machine Presets

Preset Category Selection

Halls (Small) *

Halls (Medium)

Halls (Large)

2. Turn the Select knob to scroll through the available categories. (An aster-

isk appears next to the currently selected category.)

3. Press the Select knob to load the highlighted category. A flashing preset

name appears (if it is not the currently selected preset).

4. Select a preset with the Select knob, and press the Select knob to load it.

SYSTEM PRESETS AND MACHINE PRESETS

The PCM96 Surround features a single powerful processor, which can be

used as up to four virtual machines. For example, you could send the left

input signal through a mono reverb in one virtual machine and send the

right input signal through a mono delay in another virtual machine. You

could then send both signals through a chorus effect on a third virtual

machine. You could then save this configuration as a System Preset. It’s a

preset that includes a system of virtual machines.

System Presets can be extremely complex and are generally tailored especially

for the mix you’re working on. Lexicon® has provided a number of these

presets, just to give you an idea about what you might do. Who knows? You

might like them just the way they are. Feel free to make modified versions

of the factory presets, or create your own from scratch. The possibilities are

nearly endless, so have fun.

When a preset only includes a single virtual machine, it’s called a Machine

Preset.

Note that pressing the Back button or the Select knob have different results

depending on what kind of preset is loaded. The following diagram shows

what happens when you press the Select knob, Back button, and Machine

button in both System View and Machine View.

Preset Category

Selection View

(System)

Preset Screen

(System)

System Menu

Preset Category

Selection View

(Machine)

Preset Screen

(Machines 1-4)

Machine Menu

Press Machine

Button

Press Machine

Button

Press

Back

Press

Select

Press

Back

Press

Select

Press

Back

Press

Select

Press

Back

Press

Select

THE CONFIGURATION ICON

The Configuration icon appears at the upper right corner of the Display. It

tells you if a System Preset or a Machine Preset is loaded.

When a System Preset is loaded, a border appears around the Configuration

icon and the words System View appear in the Display, below the preset’s

name.

1:ConcertHall->Flange

System View

-Press Machine Btn To View Engines

1:ConcertHall->Flange

(System View)

Configuration Icon

(System Preset)

When a Machine Preset is loaded, the selected machine is highlighted in the

Configuration icon, and three of the loaded preset’s parameters appear at the

bottom of the Display.

0:Med Hall

1:PreDelay :14ms

2:MidRT :1.59s

3:RvbOutFreq :4750.0Hz

0:Med Hall

1:PreDelay :14ms

2:ReverbTime :1.59s

3:RvbOutFreq :4750.0Hz

Configuration Icon

(Machine Preset)

Press the Machine button repeatedly to cycle through the virtual machines in

a System Preset, and eventually back to the System Preset.

EDITING A PRESET

To edit a System Preset, you must edit the virtual machines within it. Press

the Machine button to cycle through the virtual machines within a System

Preset.

Each virtual machine contains a set of parameters that you can edit and

adjust. When a virtual machine is selected, three of its parameters appear at

the bottom of the Display. Adjust the first parameter with Knob A, the sec-

ond parameter with Knob B, and the third parameter with Knob C. To see

the next set of parameters you can adjust, press Knob A.

0:Med Hall

1:PreDelay :14ms

2:MidRT :1.59s

3:RvbOutFreq :4750.0Hz

Soft Row Parameters

Each virtual machine has 8 parameters you can adjust this way. All presets

have more than 8 parameters, but only 8 can be edited via the A, B, and C

knobs in this fashion. You can choose which parameters are in the list by

using the Soft Row Setup menu located in the Machine menu (see “Machine

Menu” on page 24 for more information).

STORING A PRESET

Once you’ve edited a preset, you can store it on the PCM96 Surround (in

the User category) or on a Compact Flash card (in the Card category).

Note: When you first insert a Compact Flash card, you may receive

the message “Card Needs Initializing.” See “Initializing/Formatting a

Compact Flash Card” on page 12 for instructions on how to initial-

ize a Compact Flash card.

1. From the Preset screen, press the Store button. The Save As screen

appears.

Select Knob -> Change Position

ʻAʼ Knob -> Change Letter

Save As: Single Stereo Config

2. Turn the Select knob to select a letter to change.

3. Turn Knob A to change the selected letter.

Press Knob A to toggle between uppercase, lowercase, special characters

and numbers.

Press Knob B to enter a space.

Press Knob C to backspace.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you’ve changed all the letters you want to

change.

5. Press the Select knob to continue. If a Flash card is inserted, the

Location menu appears. (If no Flash card is inserted, skip to step 8.)

User

Card

6. Turn the Select knob to select a location. “User” is the PCM96

Surround built-in memory; “Flash” is the inserted Compact Flash card

(if one is present).

7. Press the Select knob to continue. The numbered list appears.

0:- Empty -

1:- Empty -

2:- Empty -

3:- Empty -

4:- Empty -

8. Turn the Select knob to select a slot in the numbered list. The preset’s

name automatically appears in the selected slot.

9. Press the Select knob to save the preset to the selected slot. “Storing

Preset” appears briefly in the Display and you are returned to the Preset

screen.

INITIALIZING/FORMATTING A COMPACT FLASH CARD

To initialize or format a Compact Flash card:

1. Press the Back button until the Preset screen appears.

2. Press the Machine button until System View is displayed.

3. Press the Select knob to enter the System Menu.

4. Turn the Select knob until Card Config is highlighted.

5. Press the Select knob to access the Compact Flash Menu.

6. Press Knob B to Format the card OR press Knob C to initialize the card.

CREATING A NEW SYSTEM PRESET

One way to create a new System Preset is to edit an existing System Preset

and save it to the User or Card category. Another way is to start from

scratch, as described below.

1. With any System Preset loaded, press the Select knob. The System menu

appears.

2. Highlight Machine Config with the Select knob, and press the Select

knob. The available DSP configurations appear.

3. Turn the Select knob to highlight a configuration and press the Select

knob to choose it. You return to the Preset Screen. The preset’s name

indicates the configuration you just selected (for example, if you selected

the Cascade Stereo configuration, the preset’s name is Cascade Stereo

Config).

4. Press the Machine button to select a Machine Preset within your System

Preset.

5. Press the Back button to access the Preset Category menu.

6. Turn the Select knob to highlight a category and press the Select knob to

choose it. A flashing Machine Preset name appears.

7. Turn the Select knob to choose a Machine Preset and press the Select

knob to load it.

8. Press the Machine Button to choose the next Machine Preset (if there is

one) and repeat steps 5 through 7.

9. Repeat step 8 for each virtual machine in your System Preset.

10. Press the Machine Button until your System Preset is selected.

11. Store the System Preset. For more information on storing presets, see

“Storing a Preset” on page 11.

DSP CONFIGURATIONS

The PCM96 Surround processor can be divided in up to four virtual

machines, each of which can run its own algorithm. This lets you route sig-

nals from each input through a variety of algorithm combinations.

The PCM96 Surround can use up to six physical inputs and six physical

outputs at a time; configurations for the physical inputs and outputs are

described below.

When using the PCM96 Surround in one of its surround modes, it is critical

to know how audio is routed to the algorithm. This applies both to the way

IO connects with the outside world and the way the signals are distributed

within the algorithm.

The inputs and outputs relate to the following cables:

Analog AES

Stereo Machine 1 Left Cable 1 Cable 1 (L)

Stereo Machine 1 Right Cable 2 Cable 1 (R)

Stereo Machine 2 Left Cable 3 Cable 2 (L)

Stereo Machine 2 Right Cable 4 Cable 2 (R)

Analog AES

Multichannel Left Cable 1 Cable 1 (L)

Multichannel Right Cable 2 Cable 1 (R)

Multichannel Left Surround Cable 3 Cable 2 (L)

Multichannel Right Surround Cable 4 Cable 2 (R)

Multichannel Center Cable 5 Cable 3 (L)

Multichannel LFE Cable 6 Cable 3 (R)

PRESET AVAILABILITY WITHIN THE VARIOUS SURROUND

CONFIGURATIONS

In almost all cases, a surround preset is usable in any surround configuration,

whether four or five-channel, 2-in or multi-in. Parameters which are not

available in a given configuration (for example center levels in a four-channel

config) are hidden. Factory presets have been written in such a way as to

work satisfactorily in all configurations. When creating user presets, it’s rec-

ommended that the preset be auditioned in all configurations.

SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION INSIDE THE ALGORITHM

There are two versions of the 4-channel machine: 2-in/4-out and 4-in/4-out.

By the same token, there are two versions of the 5-channel machine: 2-in/5-

out and 5-in/5-out.

When dealing with true surround source material, the choice of configu-

ration is simple--choose the 4-in or 5-in version. The algorithms are all

designed to treat the inputs uniquely. If the algorithm is a reverberator or

room, then each input will propagate into the space from the direction of its

virtual source. If the algorithm is a delay or effect, each input will be treated

by itself, and then possibly propagated into shared feedback paths.

But when dealing with stereo source material (the more typical case), some

thought must be given to the choice of configuration. The 4-in or 5-in con-

figuration may still be used of course, and the source material will be more

obviously placed in the front of the virtual space. In the case of a delay or

effects algorithm, not all voices will be activated. When the 2-in/multi-out

configuration is chosen, the input signals are also propagated to the surround

inputs (post level, post pan). This will sound different. A reverb may sound

more full. It will still be surround of course, but will not maintain the same

frontward localization. Delay and effects algorithms will now have all voices

activated and may be considerably more complex. There may be a small dif-

ference in gain for the same presets in the 2-in or multi-in configuration.

There’s no right or wrong in this choice. It’s up to the user which of these

configurations to use. But it is important to know how the sound will

change based on this choice.

All the DSP configurations are described below.

SINGLE STEREO (MONO IN)

A mono signal is split into a stereo signal.

SINGLE STEREO

The left and right inputs are sent through a single virtual

machine.

DUAL STEREO (MONO IN)

The left signal travels through one virtual machine, and

the right signal travels through a separate second virtual

machine.

DUAL STEREO

Two stereo signals are processed independently by two vir-

tual machines.

CASCADE STEREO

The left and right signals are processed together in one

virtual machine, and the resulting signal is sent to a second

virtual machine, where they are again processed together.

DUAL MONO

The left signal travels through one virtual machine, and

the right signal travels through a separate second virtual

machine.

QUAD MONO

Four mono signals are processed independently by four vir-

tual machines.

CASCADE MONO

The left signal is sent through two virtual machines in

sequence, while the right signal is sent through two addi-

tional virtual machines in sequence. The left and right sig-

nals are processed independent from each other.

DUAL MONO + SINGLE STEREO

Two mono signals are processed independently by two vir-

tual machines, while a stereo signal is processed by a third

virtual machine.

CASCADE MONO TO STEREO

The left and right signals are processed independently in

two separate virtual machines, and their resulting signals

are processed together in a third virtual machine. The final

result is output as stereo.

SINGLE TWO IN FOUR OUT

Two signals are processed by one virtual machine, and out-

put as four signals.

SINGLE FOUR IN FOUR OUT

Four signals are processed by one virtual machine, and out-

put as four signals.

SINGLE TWO IN FIVE OUT

Two signals are processed by one virtual machine, and out-

put as five signals.

SINGLE FIVE IN FIVE OUT

Five signals are processed by one virtual machine, and out-

put as five signals.

SINGLE SIX IN SIX OUT

Six signals are processed by one virtual machine, and out-

put as six signals.

NETWORKING

This section provides a step-by-step guide on how to properly connect the

PCM96 Surround to a Local Area Network (LAN) for several different net-

work architectures. The first topology is a simple direct connection using the

provided Ethernet cable. The second method describes how to connect and

configure several PCM96 Surround units to create an isolated network using

an Ethernet switch with static IP addresses or with DHCP. This section

concludes with some further networking considerations and troubleshooting

tips that will help with connecting to your PCM96 Surround via Ethernet. If

your application is more than these simple examples we recommend that you

involve a trained Ethernet network administrator in the design and commis-

sioning of your system.

Careful planning needs be made before placing a PCM96 Surround on a

network that provides any access to the public. Some examples of public

access are direct access to the unit from the Internet, an unsecured or weakly

secured wireless network, a network jack in a public area that provides net-

work access to the PCM96 Surround, or having a computer on the LAN

that is not secured so that someone could use it to reconfigure the PCM96

Surround. It is highly recommended that the equipment be placed on a pro-

tected, isolated network that does not have any connection to the public to

prevent unauthorized users from reconfiguring the unit. Please refer to the

VPN portion of this section for more information. Factory defaults for the

Internet Protocol (IP) settings for the PCM96 Surround are as follows:

Auto-IP/DHCP Address: 169.254.x.x (where “x.x” is determined by

the PCM96 Surround box numbers)

Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0

Gateway: 0.0.0.0

DHCP Support: Enabled

OVERVIEW OF TCP/IP BASICS

IP ADDRESS

An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Each device

in a network has its own IP address to identify it. Example: 126.126.17.42.

Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address

of the destination. An IP address is made of four numbers separated by peri-

ods. Each number can be zero to 255. The last number should not be a zero

or 255. For example, 126.126.17.1 could be an IP address. 126.126.17.0

would not be a valid IP address. A TCP/ IP or IP address has two parts:

the NETWORK ID and the HOST ID. The NETWORK ID identifies

the network, and the HOST ID identifies either the subnet and device, or

just the device if there is no subnet. The subnet mask is a code that indi-

cates which part of the TCP/IP address is the NETWORK ID and which

part is the HOST ID. In subnet-mask code, 255 means “This part of the

address is the NETWORK ID”. Example: Suppose the IP ADDRESS of

a device is 192.168.xx.yy and the SUBNET MASK is 255.255.x.y. That

means, (192.168) is the NETWORK ID. The remaining set of numbers (xx.

yy) is the HOST ID. If your network stands alone (it is not part of a larger

network) then the HOST ID identifies each device in the network. If your

network is part of a venue’s larger network, your network is actually a sub-

network or subnet.

SUBNET

A small network within a larger network. For example, a TCP/IP network

might be a subnet of a venue’s network, which could include computers

throughout the building, or a network might be divided into subnets. For

example, in a large installation, there may be one subnet per rack or room.

DHCP (DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL)

This is a protocol for automatically assigning IP addresses to devices on a

network. With dynamic (DHCP) addressing, a device might have a different

IP address every time it connects to the network. DHCP relies on a DHCP

server to assign and manage IP addresses.

AUTO IP

If DHCP fails, the PCM96 Surround selects a number and looks for colli-

sions. If no collisions are found, the PCM96 Surround accepts that number.

If collisions are found, the PCM96 Surround randomly selects another num-

ber and tries again.

CONNECTING THE COMPUTER DIRECTLY TO THE PCM96

SURROUND

Assumptions:

• Computer has a working Ethernet network adapter.

• You have administrative rights so that network settings can be changed if

necessary.

1. Connect the included Ethernet cable to both the PCM96 Surround and

the computer.

2. Apply power to the PCM96 Surround and wait for it to boot.

3. Open the control software application. The PCM96 Surround should

automatically appear in the main application window. If it does not, the

control software settings may have to be configured to connect to the

PMC96 Surround. See the control software’s help for more information.

SETUP OF A SIMPLE ISOLATED ETHERNET NETWORK USING

DHCP

Assumptions:

• Computer has a working Ethernet network adapter.

• You have an Ethernet switch/router with DHCP capability and Ethernet

cables for each connection needed.

• You have administrative rights so that network settings can be changed if

needed.

1. Connect the computer and any PCM96 Surround processors to the

switch hub using straight-through Ethernet cables.

2. Apply power to all PCM96 Surround processors and wait for them to

boot.

3. With DHCP enabled, the Ethernet switch/router should assign an IP

address to each of the devices including your computer.

4. Open the control software application. The PCM96 Surround should

automatically appear in the main application window. If it does not, the

control software settings may have to be configured to connect to the

PMC96 Surround. See the control software’s help for more information.

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS (VPN)

Virtual private networks (VPN) provide an encrypted connection (or tunnel)

between networks or between a network and a user over a public network

(such as the Internet). Instead of using a dedicated, real-world connection

such as a leased line, a VPN uses virtual connections through the public

network. The advantage to a VPN is that your computer can be virtually

connected to a local network even though it is physically anywhere in the

world where you have an internet connection. This can also be done in a safe

manner not compromising your local network’s security. If you would like

to manage your PCM96 Surround units remotely you should create a secure

VPN connection.

There are many solutions on the market today that provide VPN access.

These products offer different features, methods of VPN, complexity of

setup and maintenance, as well as varying levels of security. It is beyond the

scope of this manual to recommend a VPN solution that will best suit the

needs of your network, although you will need a VPN that is capable of

passing UDP and TCP traffic (most do). The PCM96 Surround has been

tested against several solutions and should work with all VPNs that meet

these criteria. Please work with your system administrator and Internet

service provider to find a VPN that will best fit your network. The 3Com

OfficeConnect Secure Router (model # 3CR860-95) is one solution that has

been tested, and is both inexpensive and simple to set up. It provides up to

two concurrent VPN connections.

NETWORK CONSIDERATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

• Without a VPN, there can be no access from the outside world to any

PCM96 Surround that is behind a Network Address Translation (NAT)

router. (One-to-One NAT and port forwarding will not work.)

• Firewall Considerations: The PCM96 Surround uses port 3804 (udp

and tcp) to communicate with the control software. Make sure that you

configure your firewalls correctly so that data sent to and from this port

number can traverse your network.

NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING

If you are having difficulty getting your PCM96 Surround to show up in the

control software, here are some things that you can try to resolve the prob-

lem.

SOFTWARE FIREWALL

If the PC that you have installed the control software on has a built-in fire-

wall you need to make sure that you allow the software the ability to talk on

your network. Try disabling your firewall and then going offline and back

online in the control software. If this fixes the problem, refer to your firewall

manufacturer’s documentation on how to reconfigure your firewall to allow

the control software and/or port 3804 tcp and udp to pass through the fire-

wall.

ETHERNET LINK

Make sure that you have a valid Ethernet connection by looking at the link

status lights. Most Ethernet devices will have some kind of indicator that

shows the link is present. Check the following connections:

• PCM96 Surround device – If there is a valid connection on the PCM96

Surround you will see a solid green LED.

• PC running the control software

• Hub / Switch (if used)

If you fail to see a link light try removing and reinserting the cable or trying

a different, known good, cable. Also, make sure that you are using the cor-

rect cable.

PING

There is a simple utility built into OS-X that tests the network connection

between two devices. The following steps outline how to use this utility.

1. In the Applications folder, double click the Terminal icon.

2. At the prompt enter ping -c 4 <IP address of your PCM96 Surround>

and press Enter. The data should appear something like this:

PING <IP address of your PCM96 Surround>: 56 data bytes

64 bytes from <IP address of your PCM96 Surround>: icmp_seq=0 ttl=62

time=1.118 ms

64 bytes from <IP address of your PCM96 Surround>: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62

time=1.093 ms

64 bytes from <IP address of your PCM96 Surround>: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62

time=1.067ms

64 bytes from <IP address of your PCM96 Surround>: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62

time=1.042ms

--- <IP address of your PCM96 Surround> ping statistics ---

4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1.042/1.08/1.118 ms

If you get a “Reply from” response from the IP address that you were ping-

ing in a timely manner, it means that you have a valid network connection

between the two devices.

If you receive a “No route to host” or “0 packets received” message, this indi-

cates that your computer is not communicating with the device.

SYSTEM MENU

The System Menu lets you adjust several settings in the PCM96 Surround.

To access the System Menu, press the Select knob while a System Preset is

loaded.

The System Menu contains sub-menus and options. Sub-menus contain

options and/or more sub-menus. To enter a sub-menu, highlight it with the

Select knob and press the Select knob. Options contain values that you can

adjust (indicated by a colon followed by a value, for example, “Audio Source:

ANALOG”). To adjust an option’s value, turn the corresponding knob:

Knob A for an option on the first line, Knob B for an option on the second

line, and Knob C for an option on the third line. Press the Back button at

any time to save your changes and move one level up through the menus

and sub-menus.

AUDIO SETUP

The Audio Setup sub-menu contains the following options:

Audio Source

This is a global setting that configures the PCM96 Surround to accept

ANALOG or AES input.

Clock Source

Select your clock source here. Choose from INTERNAL, AES, and BNC.

Clock Rate

Select your clock rate here, when the wordclock source is set to

INTERNAL. Choose from 44.1HKz, 48KHz, 88.2KHz, or 96KHz.

Analog Setup

The Analog Setup sub-menu lets you adjust the following parameters:

Analog Input Level - Increases or decreases the incoming analog signal

before it reaches the processor(s). Set to +4dBU or –10dBU.

Analog Output Level - Increases or decreases the outgoing analog signal

after it leaves the processor(s). Set to +4dBU or –10dBU.

Global Mute - Mutes all signals from the PCM96 Surround. Set to

Muted or Unmuted.

AES Setup

The AES Setup sub-menu gives you the status of the following AES infor-

mation:

Data Validity - “Valid” indicates the data is OK. “Invalid” indicates that

the Validity bit was set in a frame of incoming data and that the data

attached to it may be corrupted. This bit may also be sent when the

transmitting device is paused.

Mode - This parameter can not be edited. The PCM96 Surround

always transmits professional AES signal out of the AES connector.

Confidence Error - “0” indicates no problem. “1” indicates the PCM96

Surround is detecting excessive jitter or noise on the digital audio line.

No data has been corrupted, but corrective action should be taken.

Sample Slip - An unchanging number indicates you are not slipping

samples. An increasing number indicates samples are misaligned with

the window defined by the Input Source. This may occur when an

external master changes sample rate, or when it is just powering up, but

should not occur in normal operation.

Bi-Phase Error - “0” indicates no problem. “1” indicates that at least

one bit (and therefore at least one audio sample) was corrupted.

CRC Error - “0” indicates no problem. “1” indicates a Cyclic

Redundancy Check error in the incoming data.

Parity Error - “0” indicates no problem. “1” indicates that at least one

bit (and therefore at least one audio sample) was corrupted.

MACHINE CONFIG

The Machine Config menu lets you configure the PCM96 Surround proces-

sor as one, two, three, or four virtual machines in a new preset. Note that

once you’ve selected a configuration, you must then populate each virtual

machine with a Machine Preset (see “System Presets and Machine Presets”

on page 8 for more information).

Choices include:

Single Stereo (MonoIn)

Single Stereo

Dual Stereo (MonoIn)

Dual Stereo

Cascade Stereo

Dual Mono

Quad Mono

Cascade Mono

Dual Mono + Single Stereo

Cascade Mono to Stereo

Single Two In Four Out

Single Four In Four Out

Single Two In Five Out

Single Five In Five Out

Single Six In Six Out

See “DSP Configurations” on page 13 for more detailed descriptions of

each configuration.

MIDI CONTROL

The MIDI Control sub-menu lets you adjust the following MIDI-related

options:

MIDI

Turns MIDI processing on or off.

Device ID

Select the connected MIDI device’s ID here. Choose from 0-126.

Base Channel

Select the connected MIDI device’s base channel here. Choose from 0-15.

Bank Dump

Lets you copy an entire bank of presets from the PCM96 Surround to

another device via MIDI. (For a map of banks and presets, see “Bank/

Preset Map” on page 27; to see the current preset’s bank number, press

Knob C while viewing the Preset screen.) When Bank Dump is highlight-

ed, turn the corresponding B or C Knob to select a bank. Press the corre-

sponding B or C Knob to send the bank to the connected device.

TEMPO CONTROL

The Tempo Control sub-menu contains the following options:

Tempo Value

Set the current preset’s tempo here by turning Knob A, or by pressing the

Tap Tempo button at least two times.

Tempo Beat

Tempo is expressed in BPM. This control allows you to specify the value

of the beat. Eighth, quarter, and half note values are available. If, for exam-

ple, the rate is 120 BPM, and you select eighth-note here, the tempo will

be 120 eighth-notes per minute. If you select quarter-note here, the tempo

will be 120 quarter-notes per minute. (The factory default is quarter-note.)

Tempo Source

Select INTERNAL to determine the tempo using parameters within the

PCM96 Surround, or MIDI to set the tempo using MIDI beat clock.

Refer to your DAW’s manual to learn how to transmit this value.

CARD CONFIG

The Compact Flash Setup sub-menu indicates whether a Compact Flash card

is INSERTED or NOT INSERTED, and gives you the options to Format

(erase) the inserted card by pressing Knob B, or initializing the inserted card

by pressing Knob C.

NETWORK CONFIG

Here you can set the PCM96 Surround Subnet Mask, IP Address, Gateway,

and DHCP information. Turn the Select knob to select a three-digit num-

ber (of the DHCP value) and turn Knob A to change the number (or the

DHCP value). See “Networking” on page 17 for more details.

HIQNET CONFIG

Set the HiQnet Negotiation Mode (Static, Random, or Sequential) and

Node Address here. Turn the Select knob to underscore a value and turn

Knob A to change the value.

RESTORE FACTORY DEFAULTS

Returns the PCM96 Surround to its original state as shipped from the fac-

tory.

MACHINE MENU

The Machine menu lets you adjust settings for a single virtual machine. To

access the Machine menu, press the Select knob while a Machine Preset is

loaded.

The sub-menus vary depending on what algorithm is active.

SOFT ROW SETUP

This sub-menu lets you assign parameters to a Machine Preset’s soft row. The

soft row is the list of parameters that appears below a Machine Preset’s name

in the Preset screen. You can easily adjust these parameters with the A, B,

and C knobs (press Knob A to see more parameters in the soft row).

I/O SETTINGS

Here you can adjust the following settings (depending on the selected pre-

set):

Wet Dry Mix

Adjusts the proportion of wet (processed) signal to dry (unprocessed) signal.

Ranges from 0% (all dry) to 100% (all wet). In almost all cases you will

leave this at 100%, and control levels on your mixer.

Input Level

Controls the amount of signal admitted into the process from the input.

Ranges from 0.0dB INV to –90.0dB INV or OFF INV, and from –90.0dB

or OFF to 0.0dB.

Output Level

Controls the amount of post-mix signal emitted onto the output. Ranges

from –90.0dB or OFF to 0.0dB.

VARIOUS PARAMETERS

The sub-menus that appear below the I/O Settings sub-menu depend on the

active algorithm. See “The Parameters” on page 36 for more information.

USING MIDI

The MIDI Control menu is where all MIDI related control is changed. See

“MIDI Control” on page 22 for information about the MIDI Control

menu.

MIDI in the PCM Device series can be setup in two basic configurations.

Setup #1 – More Devices

This setup is designed for the user who will:

• Use the PCM System Presets (User or Default) only for either a live or

studio setup

• Control more than 3 PCM Devices on the same MIDI Port

Setup #2 – More Control

This setup is designed for the user who:

• Wants to be able to control every aspect of MIDI on the PCM Device

• Only has 1 to 3 PCM Devices

SETUP DEFINITIONS

Setup #1 – More Devices: This setup would be used in situations where you

want to control more than 3 PCM Devices on the same MIDI port. This

setup will control up to 16 PCM Devices. In this particular setup configura-

tion, you cannot make specific patch changes on individual machines via

MIDI; you can only change the System Presets.

You would arrange the MIDI Control Menu in this way:

MIDI: ON

Sysex Device ID: 0

System MIDI Ch: 0

(Each subsequent PCM Device would be the next number… 0 – 15.)

Machine 1 MIDI Ch: OFF

Machine 2 MIDI Ch: OFF

Machine 3 MIDI Ch: OFF

Machine 4 MIDI Ch: OFF

Setup #2 – More Control: This setup allows the user to control all the

aspects of the PCM Device that can be controlled via MIDI. However, the

user is limited to a maximum of 3 PCM Devices with this setup. The user

can define the Machine Configuration on one MIDI channel, then define

what preset will be loaded in each Machine using different MIDI channels.

This setup also allows each Soft Row parameter on each Machine to be con-

trolled with MIDI Continuous Controllers.

You would arrange the MIDI Control Menu in this way:

MIDI: ON

Sysex Device ID: 0

System MIDI Ch: 0

(Each subsequent PCM Device would then start on MIDI channel 5, with

each machine as Channel +1.)

Machine 1 MIDI Ch: 1

Machine 2 MIDI Ch: 2

Machine 3 MIDI Ch: 3

Machine 4 MIDI Ch: 4

PRESET LOADING

Because of the large number of potential presets in the PCM96 Surround,

Preset Change messages are used along with the Bank Select extension to

provide MIDI preset selection. Controller 32 is used to select the current

preset bank. Controller 32 is sent to the system (to select the desired bank),

followed by a Preset Change message to select a preset. The Bank values are

“sticky,” meaning the PCM96 Surround will remember the Bank values for

each MIDI channel. It is not necessary to send a Bank change with each

Preset Change unless the Bank has indeed changed.

HOW TO ASSIGN A BASE CHANNEL TO THE PCM96

SURROUND

The base channel identifies a PCM96 Surround unit to a MIDI device. Add

1, 2, 3, or 4 to the unit’s base channel to identify virtual machines within

the unit. You can connect up to three PCM96 Surround units to a single

MIDI device.

To assign a base channel to the PCM96 Surround:

Press the Back button until the Preset screen appears.

Press the Machine button until System View is displayed.

Press the Select knob to enter the System Menu.

Turn the Select knob until Midi Control is highlighted.

Press the Select knob to access the Midi Control Menu.

Turn the Select knob until Base Channel is highlighted.

Turn Knob B to select the base channel (0-15).

Press the Back button twice to return to the Preset screen.

Now the PCM96 Surround unit is identified by the selected base channel,

and virtual machines 1, 2, 3, and 4 within the PCM96 Surround are identi-

fied by the base channel plus 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.

CHANNEL MAP (HOW CHANNELS MAP TO MACHINES)

Channel Usage Description

Base Channel System Level Use for loading System presets. This is the PCM96 unit’s base channel. The

next four channels apply to this PCM96 unit’s virtual machines.

Base + 1 Virtual machine 1 Changes parameters in one virtual machine in a System preset on the PCM96

unit with base channel 0. Use for loading machine presets and changing

parameters for machine #1.

Base + 2 Virtual machine 2 Changes parameters in one virtual machine in a System preset on the PCM96

unit with base channel 0. Use for loading machine presets and changing

parameters for machine #2.

Base + 3 Virtual machine 3 Changes parameters in one virtual machine in a System preset on the PCM96

unit with base channel 0. Use for loading machine presets and changing

parameters for machine #3.

Base + 4 Virtual machine 4 Changes parameters in one virtual machine in a System preset on the PCM96

unit with base channel 0. Use for loading machine presets and changing

parameters for machine #4.

BANK DUMP

The Bank Dump feature lets you copy all the presets in a User bank from

one PCM96 Surround to another (or to another MIDI device). See “MIDI

Control” on page 22 for information about Bank Dump.

REVERSE BANK DUMP (BANK “LOAD”)

You can perform a “reverse bank dump” by recording a bank dump to your

MIDI sequencer, then playing that sysex back to the PCM96 Surround to

restore the bank.

CONTINUOUS CONTROLLERS

All PCM96 Surround soft row parameters can be controlled with single,

7-bit controllers. Each parameter is controlled with the full controller range,

regardless of the parameter range. For example, if the controller is at the

midpoint of its range (64), the parameter will also be at the midpoint of its

range no matter what the actual number.

Continuous Controllers range from 0 to 127. If the parameter range is less

than 127, then a small controller change might not result in a parameter

update. But the entire range of the parameter can still be accurately con-

trolled. In addition, if the actual range of the parameter is greater than 127,

MIDI control might be somewhat coarse. This is most noticeable with large

delays.

When MIDI is enabled, the PCM96 Surround automatically sends MIDI

messages through the MIDI Out port for soft row parameters and preset

loads whenever those actions are performed via the front panel controls.

SOFT ROW PARAMETER/MIDI CC MAP

Soft Row Parameter MIDI CC

Parameter #1 CC 48

Parameter #2 CC 49

Parameter #3 CC 50

Parameter #4 CC 51

Parameter #5 CC 52

Parameter #6 CC 53

Parameter #7 CC 54

Parameter #8 CC 55

BANK/PRESET MAP

User Bank Type Presets MIDI Bank #

Internal

Mono 1Mono User Presets 0-127 72

2Mono User Presets 128-255 73

Stereo 1Stereo User Presets 0-127 74

2Stereo User Presets 128-255 75

System 1System User Presets 0-127 76

2System User Presets 128-255 77

Flash Card

(PCM96 and

PCM96 Surround

Only)

Mono

1Mono User Presets 0-127 100

2Mono User Presets 128-255 101

3Mono User Presets 256-383 102

4Mono User Presets 384-511 103

Stereo

1Stereo User Presets 0-127 104

2Stereo User Presets 128-255 105

3Stereo User Presets 256-383 106

4Stereo User Presets 384-511 107

System

1System User Presets 0-127 108

2System User Presets 128-255 109

3System User Presets 256-383 110

4System User Presets 384-511 111

MIDI SYSEX IMPLEMENTATION

COMMAND 0: REQUEST PRESET DUMP

When this command is received by the PCM96 Surround, it will respond

with a preset dump of the requested preset. If the preset does not exist, the

PCM96 Surround will not respond. Only presets from User banks may be

requested. Factory banks will not be transmitted.

Byte Definition Comments

0xF0 Sysex message

0x06 Lexicon® Manufacturer ID

0x__ Product ID

0x__ Device ID

0x00 Command Request Preset Dump

0x02 Size LSB

0x00 Size cont

0x00 Size MSB

0x__ Bank Bank in which requested preset

lives.

0x__ Preset Preset ID

0xF7 EOX

COMMAND 1: PRESET DUMP

This sysex is transmitted by a MIDI sequencer or by PCM96 Surround. The

PCM96 Surround may transmit this dump in response to a request or by

means of a front-panel action. The PCM96 Surround receiving this dump

will store the encapsulated preset data in the designated location.

Byte Definition Comments

0xF0 Sysex message

0x06 Lexicon Manufacturer

0x__ Product ID

0x__ Device ID

0x01 Command Preset Dump

0x__ Size LSB. Size is variable and is not shown in

this example

0x__ Size cont

0x__ Size MSB

0x__ Bank Bank in which the preset is to be placed.

0x__ Preset Location in the bank where the preset is

to be placed.

... Preset data Nibbleized preset data.

0xF7 EOX

COMMAND 2: REQUEST PRESET BANK DUMP

When this command is received by the PCM96 Surround, it will respond

with a series of preset dumps for all presets in the bank. Blank presets will be

transmitted in a special form. Only presets from User banks may be request-

ed. Factory banks will not be transmitted.

Byte Definition Comments

0xF0 Sysex message

0x06 Lexicon® Manufacturer ID

0x__ Product ID

0x__ Device ID

0x02 Command Request Preset Bank Dump

0x01 Size LSB

0x00 Size cont

0x00 Size MSB

0x__ Bank Bank to fetch

0xF7 EOX

THE ALGORITHMS

CHAMBER (SURROUND, STEREO AND MONO)

Chamber is a complex miniature-space effect resembling an echo chamber

at its smaller settings and, at its larger ones, a small performance space with

a more rapid build-up of reflection density than a hall. Reverberant tails are

randomized.

RANDOM DELAY (SURROUND, STEREO AND MONO)

Random Delays provide no-holds-barred control over delays. These algo-

rithms feature one delay line per input channel. Each delay line has two out-

puts, called “voices.” Each voice has independent delay time (up to and over

9 seconds, plus an additional second provided by the randomizers described

in the next paragraph), output level, feedback control, filtering (independent

filters for feedback and output), and panning. Random Delays have the same

diffusion controls as Dual Delays.

In addition to this basic voice architecture, Random Delays feature four

randomizers that provide up to one second of additional delay time for each

voice. Voices can be assigned to either randomizer, or to no randomizer at

all.

Random Delays are similar to Simple Delays, but are especially useful for:

• Multitap Tape Loops

Feedback can be used to recirculate delays. Appropriate use of highpass

and lowpass filters emulates the bandpass effects of multi-generational tape

loops (hiss not included). Feedback diffusion allows emulation of azimuth

misalignment – a hallmark of the sound.

• Early Reflection Modeling

Although different in scope from Lexicon® Ambience algorithms, Random

Delays can be used to place early reflections in stereo or surround fields.

• Modulated Delays

Delay times may be modulated by signal level, LFO or random values.

HALL (SURROUND, STEREO AND MONO)

A hall is the principal venue for classical ensembles, but has proven to be

useful for all types of music. A hall is comparatively large, with wall-to-wall

distances that are typically several tens of meters. Smaller halls may be used

for smaller ensembles. The characteristic sound of a hall includes very low

initial reflection density, with little reflection energy before 60-100 mil-

liseconds. Density buildup is more gradual, because of the larger distances

between reflecting surfaces. Reverberation time is somewhat longer as well.

Finally, in most halls lower frequencies reverberate longer than higher fre-

quencies.

This new hall algorithm shares these basic characteristics with Random Hall

and Concert Hall, but is smoother with a more even decay. Its initial density

is also lower than Random Hall so it may be a better choice when the rever-

beration needs to be unobtrusive.

RANDOM HALL (SURROUND, STEREO AND MONO)

Random Hall is a hall effect with gradual build-up, well suited to complex

sounds like orchestral music. Its reverberators change over time in controlled

random ways to avoid the buildup of tinny, grainy, metallic, or other color-

ations. The modulation can be noticeable and is often a desirable effect.

The early reflections are user adjustable in amplitude and delay. Some skill is

needed to set useful reflection patterns. The pattern can be expanded or con-

tracted in time using the “Delay Master” control, and the overall level of the

pattern can be set with the “Early Level” control.