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User Manual

Mobile Router

Document Rev. 1.0

June 09

FCC ID: XRN-MAX600

Pepwave MAX Mobile Router

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE ....................................................................................................... 4

2 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................... 4

3 PRODUCT FEATURES...................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 SUPPORTED NETWORK FEATURES ................................................................................................. 5

3.2 OTHER SUPPORTED FEATURES ..................................................................................................... 5

4 PACKAGE CONTENT .................................................................................................................... 6

5 PEPWAVE MAX MOBILE ROUTER OVERVIEW ............................................................................... 7

5.1 FRONT PANEL APPEARANCE ...................................................................................................... 7

5.2 LED INDICATORS ...................................................................................................................... 7

5.3 REAR PANEL APPEARANCE ........................................................................................................ 8

5.4 UNIT BASE APPEARANCE ........................................................................................................... 8

6 INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................... 9

6.1 CONNECTING THE NETWORK WITH PEPWAVE MAX MOBILE ROUTER ............................................. 9

6.2 CONFIGURING COMPUTERS ON THE LAN ................................................................................. 12

7 CONNECTING TO WEB ADMIN INTERFACE ............................................................................... 15

8 CONFIGURATION OF LAN INTERFACE(S) .................................................................................. 16

8.1 BASIC SETTINGS ....................................................................................................................... 16

8.2 WI-FI AP................................................................................................................................ 18

9 CONFIGURATION OF WAN INTERFACE(S) ................................................................................. 20

9.1 ETHERNET WA N ...................................................................................................................... 20

9.2 EXPRESS CARD / PC CARD / USB1 / USB2 ............................................................................. 28

9.3 WI-FI WAN ........................................................................................................................... 29

10 ADVANCED WI-FI SETTINGS ....................................................................................................... 31

11 SITE-TO-SITE VPN ........................................................................................................................ 33

11.1 CONFIGURATION OF SITE-TO-SITE VPN ..................................................................................... 33

11.2 PEPWAVE MAX BEHIND NAT ROUTER ...................................................................................... 35

11.3 VPN STATUS ........................................................................................................................... 35

12 OUTBOUND POLICY .................................................................................................................... 36

12.1 CUSTOM RULES FOR OUTBOUND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ........................................................... 37

13 SERVICE FORWARDING .............................................................................................................. 43

13.1 SMTP FORWARDING ............................................................................................................... 43

13.2 WEB PROXY FORWARDING ...................................................................................................... 44

13.3 DNS FORWARDING ................................................................................................................ 44

14 PORT FORWARDING ................................................................................................................... 45

15 NAT MAPPINGS .......................................................................................................................... 48

16 FIREWALL ..................................................................................................................................... 50

16.1 OUTBOUND AND INBOUND FIREWALL ........................................................................................ 50

16.2 INTRUSION DETECTION AND DOS PREVENTION ........................................................................... 53

17 TRAFFIC PRIORITIZATION ............................................................................................................ 54

18 SERVICE PASSTHROUGH ............................................................................................................ 55

19 SYSTEM SETTINGS ........................................................................................................................ 57

19.1 ADMIN SECURITY ..................................................................................................................... 57

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19.2 FIRMWARE UPGRADE .............................................................................................................. 59

19.3 TIME ....................................................................................................................................... 60

19.4 EMAIL NOTIFICATION ............................................................................................................... 61

19.5 REMOTE SYSLOG ..................................................................................................................... 62

19.6 SNMP ................................................................................................................................... 63

19.7 SAVING AND LOADING CONFIGURATIONS ................................................................................ 65

19.8 FLASH MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................. 66

19.9 REBOOT ................................................................................................................................. 66

19.10 PING TEST .......................................................................................................................... 66

19.11 TRACEROUTE TEST ............................................................................................................... 67

20 STATUS 69

20.1 DEVICE .................................................................................................................................. 69

20.2 LINK USAGE STATUS ................................................................................................................. 70

20.3 ACTIVE SESSIONS .................................................................................................................... 71

20.4 DHCP CLIENTS ...................................................................................................................... 72

20.5 EVENT LOG ............................................................................................................................ 72

APPENDIX A. RESTORATION OF FACTORY DEFAULTS ......................................................................... 74

APPENDIX B. PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................... 75

B.1 PEPWAVE MAX MOBILE ROUTER ............................................................................................. 75

Pepwave MAX Mobile Router

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1 Introduction and Scope

The Pepwave MAX Mobile Router provides link aggregation and load balancing across six

WAN connections, allowing a combination of technologies like 3G HSDPA, EVDO, Wi-Fi,

WiMAX, and Satellite to be utilized to connect to the Internet.

This manual presents how to set up the Pepwave MAX Mobile Router and provides an

introduction to the features and usage of Pepwave MAX Mobile Router.

2 Glossary

The following terms, acronyms, and abbreviations are frequently used in this manual:

Term Definition

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DNS Domain Name System

HTTP Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol

ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol

IP Internet Protocol

LAN Local Area Network

MAC Address Media Access Control Address

MTU Maximum Transmission Unit

MSS Maximum Segment Size

NAT Network Address Translation

PPPoE Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

UDP User Datagram Protocol

VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

WAN Wide Area Network

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3 Product Features

The following is the list of supported features on Pepwave MAX Mobile Router:

3.1 Supported Network Features

3.1.1 WAN

 Multiple public IP support (DHCP, PPPoE, Static IP Address)

 Ethernet WAN 10/100 Mbps Connection in Full/Half Duplex

 USB WAN Connection

 PC Card WAN connection

 ExpressCard WAN connection

 Wi-Fi WAN Connection

 Network Address Translation (NAT) / Port Address Translation (PAT)

 Inbound and Outbound NAT mapping

 IPsec NAT-T and PPTP packet passthrough

 Multiple static IP addresses per WAN Connection

 MAC address clone

 Customizable MTU and MSS values

 WAN connection health check

 Dynamic DNS (Supported service providers: changeip.com, dyndns.org, no-ip.org

and tzo.com)

3.1.2 LAN

 DHCP server on LAN

 Static routing rules

3.1.3 Site-to-Site VPN

 Secure yet easy to setup site-to-site VPN

3.1.4 Firewall

 Outbound (LAN to WAN) firewall rules

 Inbound (WAN to LAN) firewall rules per WAN connection

 Intrusion detection and prevention

 Specification of NAT mappings

3.1.5 Inbound Traffic Management

 TCP/UDP traffic redirection to dedicated LAN server(s)

3.1.6 Outbound Policy

 Link load distribution per TCP/UDP service

 Persistent routing for specified source and/or destination IP addresses per TCP/UDP

service

 Traffic Prioritization and DSL optimization

3.2 Other Supported Features

 Easy-to-use web-based administration interface

 HTTP and HTTPS support for Web Administration Interface

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 Configurable web administration port and administrator password

 Firmware upgrades, configuration backups, Ping, and Traceroute via Web

Administration Interface

 Remote web based configuration (via WAN and LAN interfaces)

 Quality of Service for Voice over IP and Secure Web

 Time server synchronization

 SNMP

 Email notification

 Syslog

 SIP passthrough

 PPTP packet passthrough

 Web Logging

 Link Status (Active Sessions)

4 Package Content

The Pepwave MAX Mobile Router package includes the following:

 Pepwave MAX Mobile Router unit

 Power adapter

 2 x Wi-Fi antenna

 Information slip

 Rack mount kit

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5 Pepwave MAX Mobile Router Overview

5.1 Front Panel Appearance

5.2 LED Indicators

The statuses indicated by the Front Panel LEDs are as follows:

Power and Status Indicators

Power OFF – Power off

Green – Power on

Status OFF – System initializing

Red – Booting up or busy

Green – Ready state

Wi-Fi AP and Wi-Fi WAN Indicators

Wi-Fi WAN

OFF – Disabled

Intermittent Blinking – Not connected to wireless network

ON – Connected to wireless network(s) without traffic

Continuous Blinking – Data is transferring

Wi-Fi AP

OFF – Disabled

Intermittent Blinking – Created wireless network with no client

ON – Client(s) associated to wireless network

Continuous Blinking – Data is transferring to wireless network

LAN Ports

Ethernet WAN Port

PC Card Slot

ExpressCard Slot

Wi-Fi WAN Connector

Wi-Fi LAN Connector

USB Ports

Status LED

Power LED

Wi-Fi AP LED

Wi-Fi WAN LED

Reset Button

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LAN and Ethernet WAN Ports

Green LED ON – 100 Mbps

OFF – 10 Mbps

Yellow LED Solid – Port is connected without traffic

Blinking – Data is transferring

OFF – Port is not connected

Note: They are auto MDI/MDI-X ports

5.3 Rear Panel Appearance

(terminal block)

5.4 Unit Base Appearance

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6 Installation

6.1 Connecting the Network with Pepwave MAX Mobile Router

6.1.1 Preparation

Before installing Pepwave MAX Mobile Router, please prepare the following:

 At least one Internet/WAN access account.

 For WAN connection(s), one 10/100BaseT UTP cable with RJ45 connector for

Ethernet port, or one 3G USB modem for the USB port, or one Wi-Fi antenna for the

Wi-Fi WAN connector, or one PC Card/ExpressCard for the corresponding card slot.

 A computer with TCP/IP network protocol and a web browser installed. Supported

browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or above, Mozilla Firefox 2.0 or

above, Apple Safari 3.1.1 or above, and Google Chrome 2.0 or above.

6.1.2 Constructing the Network

At the high level, construct the network according to the following steps:

1. With a network cable, connect a computer to one of the LAN ports on the Pepwave

MAX. Repeat with different cables for up to 4 computers to be connected.

2. With another network cable, connect the WAN/broadband modem to one of the WAN

ports on the Pepwave MAX. Repeat using different cables for other WAN/broadband

connections, or connect 3G USB modem to the USB port.

3. Connect to one of the WAN ports on the Pepwave MAX using one of the following:

 A network cable (connect to the Ethernet WAN port)

 PC Card

 ExpressCard

 USB modem (connect to the USB ports)

 Wi-Fi antenna (connect to the Wi-Fi WAN port)

4. Connect the provided power adapter to the power connector on the Pepwave MAX,

and then plug the power adapter into a power outlet.

The following figure schematically illustrates the configuration that results:

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6.1.3 Configuring the Network Environment

To ensure that Pepwave MAX works properly in the LAN environment and can access the

Internet via the WAN connections, please refer to the following setup procedures:

 PC Configuration on the LAN

Section 6.2, Configuring Computers on the LAN

 LAN Configuration

For basic configuration, please refer to Section 7,

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Connecting to Web Admin Interface.

Section 8, Configuration of LAN Interface(s), covers advanced configuration.

 WAN Configuration

For basic configuration, refer to Section 7,

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Connecting to Web Admin Interface.

Section 9, Configuration of WAN Interface(s), covers advanced configuration.

6.2 Configuring Computers on the LAN

The simplest way to setup the Local Area Network (LAN) is to enable the DHCP Server

functionality of Pepwave MAX. With this setting, Pepwave MAX will automatically provide a

suitable IP Address (and related information) to each computer connected to its LAN

interface. (Please refer to Section 8, Configuration of LAN Interface(s), for further

details on the DHCP Server Settings.)

Follow the steps below to configure a computer on the LAN in order to use the DHCP Server

functionality provided by Pepwave MAX:

6.2.1 Windows 95/98/ME/2000 DHCP Client Configuration

5. Select Start Menu > Settings > Control Panel > Internet Options.

6. Select the Connection tab, and click the Setup button.

7. Select the option:

I want to set up my Internet connection manually, or I want to connect

through a local area network (LAN).

8. Click Next.

9. Select the option:

I connect through a local area network (LAN).

10. Click Next.

11. On the subsequent Local area network Internet Configuration screen, ensure that all

of the boxes are unchecked.

12. When prompted with the following:

Do you want to set up an Internet mail account now?

Select the option No.

13. Click Finish to close the Internet Connection Wizard.

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6.2.2 Windows XP DHCP Client Configuration

14. Select Start Menu > Control Panel > Network and Internet Connections.

15. Select Set up or change your Internet Connection.

16. Select the Connection tab, and click the Setup button.

17. On the Location Information pop-up menu, select Cancel.

18. On the New Connection Wizard screen, click Next.

19. Select Connect to the Internet and click Next.

20. Select Set up my connection manually and click Next.

21. Select the following checkbox:

Connect using a broadband connection that is always on.

22. Click Next.

23. Click Finish to close the New Connection Wizard.

6.2.3 Windows Vista DHCP Client Configuration

1. Connect the computer to the Pepwave MAX’s LAN interface with an Ethernet cable.

2. The following screen will be displayed on

the computer screen. Choose “Work”.

3. Click “Close” to finish.

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6.2.4 Mac DHCP Client Configuration

1. Open TCP/IP Control Panel.

2. From the Connect via pop-up menu, select Ethernet.

3. Select Using DHCP Server from the Configure pop-up menu.

(The DHCP Client ID field can be left blank.)

4. Save the settings and close the TCP/IP Control Panel.

6.2.5 UNIX DHCP Client Configuration

Depending on the flavor of UNIX, the procedure may vary. The following steps are for Red

Hat Enterprise Linux 3:

1. Login to the system as root.

2. At the command prompt, type netconfig.

3. When prompted with the following:

Would you like to set up networking?

Respond with Yes.

4. When prompted with the following:

Please enter the IP configuration for this machine…

Select the option:

Use dynamic IP configuration (BOOTP/DHCP).

5. Select OK.

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7 Connecting to Web Admin Interface

1. Start a web browser on a computer that is connected with Pepwave MAX through

LAN.

2. To connect to Web Administration Interface of Pepwave MAX, enter the following LAN

IP address in the address field of the web browser:

http://192.168.50.1

(This is the default LAN IP address of Pepwave MAX.)

3. When prompted for User Name and Password to access the Web Administration

Interface, enter the following as User Name and Password to proceed.

User Name: admin

Password: admin

(This is the default Username and Password of Pepwave MAX. The Admin Password

can be changed in the page System > Admin Security of the Web Administration

Interface.)

4. After successful login, the Dashboard of Web Administration Interface will be

displayed. It looks similar to the following:

Important Note

Configuration changes (e.g. WAN, LAN, Admin settings, etc.) take effect after clicking

the Apply Changes button on each page’s header. The Apply Changes button

causes the changes to be saved and applied.

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8 Configuration of LAN Interface(s)

8.1 Basic Settings

The LAN Interface settings are located in Network > LAN > Basic Settings:

IP Settings

IP Address &

Subnet Mask The IP address of Pepwave MAX on LAN.

Speed

This setting specifies the speed of the LAN Ethernet Port.

By default, the appropriate data speed is automatically detected by

Pepwave MAX.

In the event of negotiation issues, the port speed can be manually

specified to circumvent the issues.

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DHCP Server Settings

DHCP Server

When this setting is enabled, the DHCP server of Pepwave MAX

automatically assigns an IP address to each computer that is

connected via LAN and configured to obtain an IP address via DHCP.

Pepwave MAX’s DHCP server prevents IP address collision on LAN.

IP Range &

Subnet Mask This setting allocates a range of IP address that will be assigned to

LAN computers by the DHCP server of Pepwave MAX.

Lease Time

This setting specifies the length of time throughout which an IP

address of a DHCP client remains valid. Upon expiration of the

Lease Time, the assigned IP address will no longer be valid and the

renewal of the IP address assignment will be required.

DNS Servers

This is to input the DNS server addresses to be offered to the DHCP

clients. If Assign DNS server automatically is selected, the

Pepwave MAX’s built-in DNS server address (i.e. LAN IP address)

will be offered.

DHCP

Reservation

This setting reserves the assignment of fixed IP addresses for a list

of computers on the LAN. The computers to be assigned fixed IP

addresses on the LAN are identified by their MAC addresses.

The fixed IP address assignment is displayed as a cross-referenced

list between the computers’ Name, MAC addresses and fixed IP

addresses.

The Name field (optional) is a name to represent the device. MAC

addresses should be in the format of 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE

Press to create a new record. Press to remove a record.

Static Route Settings

Static Route

This table is for defining static routing rules for the LAN segment.

A static route consists of the network address, subnet mask, and

gateway address. The address and subnet mask values are in the

format of w.x.y.z

Press to create a new route. Press to remove a route.

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DNS Proxy Settings

DNS Caching

This field is to enable DNS caching on the built-in DNS proxy server.

When the option is enabled, queried DNS replies will be cached until

the records’ TTL reached. This feature could improve the DNS

lookup time. But it cannot return the most updated result for those

frequently updated DNS records.

By default, it is disabled.

Local DNS

Records

This table is for defining custom local DNS records.

A static local DNS record consists of a Host Name and an IP

Address. When looking up the Host Name from the LAN to LAN IP of

Pepwave MAX, the corresponding IP Address will be returned.

Press to create a new record. Press to remove a record.

8.2 Wi-Fi AP

The Wi-Fi LAN settings can be configured in Network > LAN > Wi-Fi AP:

Wireless Network Settings

Network

Name (SSID) This setting specifies a name for the wireless network.

Enable When Yes is selected, this wireless network is enabled.

Broadcast

SSID

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Multicast

Filter

Multicast

Rate

Wireless Security Settings

Security

Policy

This setting specifies which security policy will be used for this

wireless network. The available options are Open (No

Encryption), WPA/WPA2 – Personal, WPA/WPA2 –

Enterprise, 802.1X, and Static WEP.

Access Control Settings

Restriction

Mode

The setting specifies whether access control restriction will be

applied. The available options are None, Deny all except listed,

and Accept all except listed.

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9 Configuration of WAN Interface(s)

9.1 Ethernet WAN

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Ethernet WAN Settings

Stand-by

State This setting specifies the state of the Ethernet WAN connection. The

available options are Remain Connected and Disconnected.

Reply to

ICMP PING If this field is disabled, the WAN connection will not respond to ICMP

Ping requests. By default, this is enabled.

Speed

This setting specifies port speed and duplex configurations of the

WAN Port.

By default, the appropriate data speed is automatically detected by

Pepwave MAX.

In the event of negotiation issues, the port speed can be manually

specified to circumvent the issues.

MTU This setting specifies the Maximum Transmission Unit.

By default, MTU is set to 1440.

MSS

This setting should be configured based on the maximum payload

size that the local system can handle. The MSS (Maximum Segment

Size) is computed from the MTU minus 40 bytes for TCP over IPv4.

If MTU is set to Auto, the MSS will also be set automatically.

By default, MSS is set to Auto.

MAC

Address

Clone

This setting allows configuring a user-specified MAC address.

Some service providers (e.g. cable providers) identify the clients’

MAC addresses and require the client to always connect using the

same MAC address. In such cases, change the Pepwave MAX WAN

interface MAC address to the original client PC’s via this field.

The default MAC Address is a unique value assigned at the factory.

In most cases, the default value suffices. Clicking the Default

button restores the MAC Address to the default value.

Connection

Method

There are three possible connection methods for Ethernet WAN:

 DHCP

 Static IP

 PPPoE

The connection method and details are determined by, and can be

obtained from, the ISP.

See the Sections 9.1.1, 9.1.2, and 9.1.3 for details of each

connection method.

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Ethernet WAN Settings

Dynamic

DNS

This setting specifies the dynamic DNS service provider to be used

for the WAN based on supported dynamic DNS service providers:

 changeip.com

 dyndns.org

 no-ip.org

 tzo.com

Select Disabled to disable this feature.

See Section 9.1.4 for configuration details.

Health

Check

Method

This setting specifies the health check method for the WAN

connection. The value of method can be configured as Disabled,

Ping or DNS Lookup. The default method is Disabled.

See Section 9.1.5 for configuration details.

9.1.1 DHCP Connection

The DHCP connection method is suitable if the ISP provides an IP address automatically by

DHCP (e.g. Cable, Metro Ethernet, etc.).

DHCP Settings

DNS Servers

Each ISP may provide a set of DNS servers for DNS lookups. This

setting specifies the DNS (Domain Name System) Servers to be

used when a DNS lookup is routed through this connection.

Selecting Obtain DNS server address automatically results in

the DNS Servers to be assigned by the WAN DHCP Server to be

used for outbound DNS lookups over the connection. (The DNS

Servers are obtained along with the WAN IP address assigned from

the DHCP server.)

When Use the following DNS server address(es) is selected,

you may enter custom DNS server addresses for this WAN

connection into the DNS server 1 and DNS server 2 fields.

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Hostname

If your service provider's DHCP server requires you to supply a

hostname value upon acquiring an IP address, you may enter the

value here. If your service provider does not provide you with the

value, you can safely bypass this option.

9.1.2 Static IP Connection

This Static IP connection method is suitable if ISP provides a static IP address to connect

directly.

Static IP Settings

IP Address /

Subnet Mask

/ Default

Gateway

These settings specify the information required in order to

communicate on the Internet via a fixed Internet IP address.

The information is typically determined by and can be obtained from

the ISP.

DNS Servers

Each ISP may provide a set of DNS servers for DNS lookups. This

field specifies the DNS (Domain Name System) Servers to be used

when a DNS lookup is routed through this connection.

You can input the ISP provided DNS server addresses into the DNS

server 1 and DNS server 2 fields. If no address is entered here,

this link will not be used for DNS lookups.

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9.1.3 PPPoE Connection

The PPPoE connection method is suitable if the ISP provides a PPPoE login ID and password

to connect via PPPoE.

PPPoE Settings

Password

These settings specify the information required in order to connect

via PPPoE to the ISP.

The information is typically determined by and can be obtained from

the ISP, and include the following:

 Login ID

 Password

Service Name

(Optional)

Service Name is a PPPoE parameter which is provided by the ISP.

Note: Leave this field blank unless it is provided by your ISP.

DNS Servers

Each ISP may provide a set of DNS servers for DNS lookups. This

setting specifies the DNS (Domain Name System) Servers to be

used when a DNS lookup is routed through this connection.

Selecting Obtain DNS server address automatically results in

the DNS Servers assigned by the PPPoE server to be used for

outbound DNS lookups over the WAN connection. (The DNS

Servers are obtained along with the WAN IP address assigned from

the PPPoE server.)

When Use the following DNS server address(es) is selected,

you can put custom DNS server addresses for this WAN connection

into the DNS server 1 and DNS server 2 fields.

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9.1.4 Dynamic DNS Settings

Pepwave MAX provides the functionality to register the domain name relationships to

dynamic DNS service providers. Through registration with dynamic DNS service provider(s),

the default public Internet IP address of each WAN connection can be associated with a host

name.

Either upon a change in IP address or every 23 days without link reconnection, Pepwave

MAX will connect to the dynamic DNS service provider to perform an IP address update

within the provider’s records.

Dynamic DNS Settings

Account

Name This setting specifies the registered user name for the dynamic DNS

service.

Password This setting specifies the password for the dynamic DNS service.

Hosts This setting specifies a list of host names or domains to be

associated with the public Internet IP address of the WAN

connection.

Important Note

In order to use dynamic DNS services, appropriate host name registration(s), as well

as a valid account with a supported dynamic DNS service provider are required.

A dynamic DNS update is performed whenever a WAN’s IP address changed. E.g. IP is

changed after a DHCP IP refresh, reconnection, etc.

Due to dynamic DNS service providers’ policy, a dynamic DNS host would expire

automatically because the host record was not updated for a long time. Therefore

Pepwave MAX performs an update every 23 days even if a WAN’s IP address did not

change.

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9.1.5 WAN Health Check

To ensure traffic is routed to healthy WAN connections only, Pepwave MAX provides the

functionality to periodically check the health of each WAN connection.

Health Check Settings

Health Check Disabled

When Disabled is chosen in the Method field, the WAN connection will always be

considered as up. The connection will not be treated as down in the event of IP

routing errors.

Health Check Method: Ping

The ICMP Ping packets will be issued to test the connectivity with a configurable target

IP address or host name. A WAN connection is considered as up if ping responses are

received from either one or both of the ping hosts.

Ping Hosts

This setting specifies IP addresses or host names with which

connectivity is to be tested via ICMP Ping.

If Use first two DNS servers as Ping Hosts is checked, the

target ping host will be the first DNS server for the corresponding

WAN connection.

Reliable ping hosts with a high uptime should be considered.

By default, the first two DNS servers of the WAN connection are

used as the Ping Hosts.

Health Check Method: DNS Lookup

DNS lookups will be issued to test the connectivity with target DNS servers. The

connection will be treated as up if DNS responses are received from either one or both

of the servers, regardless of whether the result was positive or negative.

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Other Health Check Settings

Timeout This setting specifies the timeout, in seconds, for ping/DNS lookup

requests. Default Timeout is set to 5 second.

Health Check

Interval This setting specifies the time interval, in seconds, between ping or

DNS lookup requests. Default Health Check Interval is 5 seconds.

Health Check

Retries

This setting specifies the number of consecutive ping/DNS lookup

timeouts after which Pepwave MAX is to treat the corresponding

WAN connection as down. Default Health Retries is set to 3.

For example, with the default Health Retries setting of 3, after

consecutive 3 timeouts, the corresponding WAN connection will be

treated as down.

Recovery

Retries

This setting specifies the number of consecutive successful

ping/DNS lookup responses that must be received before the

Pepwave MAX treats a previously down WAN connection to be up

again.

By default, Recover Times is set to 3.

For example, with the default Recover Retries setting of 3, a WAN

connection that was treated as down will be considered to be up

again upon receiving 3 consecutive successful ping/DNS lookup

responses.

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9.2 Express Card / PC Card / USB1 / USB2

ExpressCard / PC Card / USB Settings

Wireless

Adaptor

SIM Card

IMSI /

Carrier /

Country

Signal

Strength

IP Address

DNS

Servers

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ExpressCard / PC Card / USB Settings

Operator

Settings

Heath

Checking

Settings

Modem

Specific

Settings

9.3 Wi-Fi WAN

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Wi-Fi WAN Settings

Network

Name

(SSID)

MAC

Address

(BSSID)

Signal

Strength

IP Address

Default

Gateway

DNS

Servers

Stand-by

State

Reply to

ICMP PING

Health

Check

Method

Wi-Fi

Association

Mode

Connect to

Any Open

Mode AP

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10 Advanced Wi-Fi Settings

Advanced Wi-Fi settings are available and can be configured at Advanced > Adv. Wi-Fi

Settings:

Wi-Fi AP Radio Settings

Protocol

Operating

Country

Channel

Output Power

Wi-Fi WAN Radio Settings

Output Power

Wi-Fi AP Advanced Settings

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STP

Layer 2

Communication

802.1X Version

Beacon Rate

Beacon Interval

DTIM

RTS Threshold

Slot Time

ACK Timeout

CTS Timeout

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11 Site-to-Site VPN

Pepwave Site-to-Site VPN functionality securely connects your office to the company's main

headquarters or to another branch. The data, voice, or video communications between

these locations are kept confidential across the public Internet.

The Site-to-Site VPN of the Pepwave MAX is specifically designed for multi-WAN

environment. The Pepwave MAX can aggregate all WAN connections’ bandwidth for routing

Site-to-Site VPN traffic. Unless all the WAN connections of one site are down, the Pepwave

MAX can still maintain VPN up and running.

Tip

You can define firewall rules to control access within the VPN network. For outbound

policy, you can create a custom outbound rule and choose Any for the WAN

Connection field.

11.1 Configuration of Site-to-Site VPN

Pepwave MAX supports making single Site-to-Site VPN connection with a remote Pepwave

MAX unit or a Peplink Balance 210/310/380/390/700/710.

To configure, navigate to Advanced > Site-to-Site VPN:

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VPN Settings

Active Check this box to enable the VPN.

Peer Serial

Number

Pepwave MAX only establishes VPN connection with a remote peer

that has a serial number specified here. If the remote peer is in

high availability setup, you can check the box Remote client is set

up in high availability mode. and enter the second unit's serial

number into the second text box.

Peer IP

Addresses /

Host Names

Enter the remote peer’s WAN IP address(es) or host name(s) here.

Dynamic-DNS host names are accepted.

This field is optional. With this field filled, the Pepwave MAX will

initiate connection to each of the remote IP addresses until success.

If the field is empty, the Pepwave MAX will wait for connection from

the remote peer. Therefore, at least one side of the two VPN peers

has to have the field filled. Otherwise, VPN connection cannot be

established.

Enter one IP address or host name per line.

WAN Connection Priority

WAN

Connection

Priority

You can specify the priority of the WAN connections to be used for

making VPN connections. WAN connections set to OFF will never

be used. Only available WAN connections with the highest priority

will be used for making VPN connections. Outgoing traffic will be

distributed evenly if there is more than one connection having the

same priority.

Session Failover

Session

Failover Time

The Site-to-Site VPN supports TCP/UDP session failover upon link or

routing failure on a path between two sites. It can automatically

detect any failure and route established sessions to a healthy link so

that connected sessions can remain unaffected.

Health check packets are sent between two sites in order to detect

any failure. The more frequent checks it sends, the faster failover it

can perform, but the higher bandwidth overhead will be consumed.

If this settings on the two peers are different, the faster one will be

used.

Select Fastest when the highest failover speed is request. By

default, Normal failover time is selected.

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11.2 Pepwave MAX Behind NAT Router

The Pepwave MAX supports establishing Site-to-Site VPN over WAN connections which are

behind a NAT (Network Address Translation) router.

To be able for a WAN connection behind a NAT router to accept VPN connections, you can

configure the NAT router in front of the WAN connection to forward TCP port 32015 to it.

If one or more WAN connections on Unit A can accept VPN connections (by means of port

forwarding or not) while none of the WAN connections on the peer Unit B can do so, you

should put all public IP addresses or host names of the Unit A to the Unit B’s Peer IP

Addresses / Host Names field. Leave the field in Unit A blank. With such setting, site-to-

site VPN connection can be set up and all WAN connections on both sides will be utilized.

For example, see the following diagram:

One of the WANs of Unit A is non-NAT’d (212.1.1.1). The rest of the WANs on Unit A and all

WANs on Unit B are NAT’d. In such case, the Peer IP Addresses / Host Names field on

the Unit B should be filled with all of the Unit A’s public IP addresses (i.e. 212.1.1.1,

212.2.2.2 and 212.3.3.3), and the field on the Unit A should be left blank.

11.3 VPN Status

VPN Status is shown on the Dashboard as follows:

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12 Outbound Policy

Pepwave MAX provides the functionality to flexibly manage and load balance outbound

traffic among the WAN connections.

The settings for managing and load balancing outbound traffic are located in

Advanced > Outbound Policy:

There are three main selections for the Outbound Policy for Pepwave MAX:

 High Application Compatibility

 Normal Application Compatibility

 Managed by Custom Rules

The selections are explained as follows:

Outbound Policy Settings

High

Application

Compatibility

With the selection of this policy, outbound traffic from a source LAN

device is routed through the same WAN connection regardless of

the destination Internet IP address and protocol.

This provides the highest application compatibility.

Normal

Application

Compatibility

With the selection of this policy, outbound traffic from a source LAN

device to the same destination Internet IP address will persistently

be routed through the same WAN connection regardless of protocol.

This provides high compatibility to most applications, and users still

benefit from WAN link load balancing when multiple Internet servers

are accessed.

Managed by

Custom Rules

With the selection of this policy, outbound traffic behavior can be

managed by defining custom rules.

Rules can be defined in a custom rule table. A default rule can be

defined for connections that cannot be matched with any one of the

rules.

The default policy is Normal Application Compatibility.

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12.1 Custom Rules For Outbound Traffic Management

Click in the Outbound Policy form. Choose Managed by Custom Rules and press the

Save button. The following screen will then be displayed.

The bottom-most rule is Default. Edit this rule to change the device’s default way to

control outbound traffic for all connections that does not match any rules above it. Click on

the service name Default to change its settings.

By default, Auto is selected for the option Default Rule. You can select Custom in order

to change the Algorithm to be used. Please refer to the upcoming sections for the details of

the available algorithms.

To create a custom rule, click Add Rule at the bottom of the table, and the following

window will be displayed:

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New Custom Rule Settings

Service Name This setting specifies the name of the custom rule.

Enable

This setting specifies whether the custom rule will take effect.

When Yes is selected, the custom rule takes effect. If the outbound

traffic matches the specified IP/Protocol/Port, action will be taken

by Pepwave MAX based on the other parameters of the rule.

When No is selected, the custom rule does not take effect.

Pepwave MAX will disregard the other parameters of the rule.

Source This setting specifies the source IP Address, IP Network or MAC

Address for outbound traffic that matches the rule.

Destination This setting specifies the destination IP Address or IP Network for

outbound traffic that matches the rule.

Protocol and

Port

This setting specifies the IP Protocol and Port of outbound traffic

that matches this rule. You may select some common protocol

from the Protocol Selection Tool drop-down menu.

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New Custom Rule Settings

Algorithm

This setting specifies the behavior of Pepwave MAX for the custom

rule.

One of the following values can be selected:

 Weighted Balance

 Persistence

 Enforced

 Priority

 Least Used

 Lowest Latency

The upcoming sections present the details of the above

Algorithms.

Terminate

Sessions on

Link Recovery

This setting specifies whether to terminate existing IP sessions on a

less preferred WAN connection in the event that a more preferred

WAN connection is recovered. This setting is applicable to the

Algorithms: Weighted, Persistence and Priority.

By default, this is disabled. In this case, all existing IP sessions will

not be terminated or affected when any other WAN connection is

recovered. If it is set to enabled, existing IP sessions may be

terminated when another WAN connection is recovered such that

only the preferred healthy WAN connection(s) are used at any point

in time.

12.1.1 Algorithm: Weighted Balance

This setting specifies the ratio of WAN connection usage to be applied on the specified IP

Protocol & Port, and is applicable only when Algorithm is set to Weighted Balance.

The amount of matching traffic that is distributed to a WAN connection is proportional to the

weight of the WAN connection relative to the total weight. Use the sliders to change the

weight for each WAN.

Example: With the following weight settings:

 Ethernet WAN: 10

 PC Card: 0

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 Express Card: 0

 USB1: 10

 USB2: 0

 Wi-Fi WAN: 5

Total weight is 25 = (10 + 0 + 0 + 10 + 0 + 5)

Matching traffic distributed to Ethernet WAN is 40% = (10 / 25) x 100%

Matching traffic distributed to PC Card is 0% = (0 / 25) x 100%

Matching traffic distributed to Express Card is 0% = (0 / 25) x 100%

Matching traffic distributed to USB1 is 40% = (10 / 25) x 100%

Matching traffic distributed to USB2 is 0% = (0 / 25) x 100%

Matching traffic distributed to Wi-Fi WAN is 20% = (5 / 25) x 100%

12.1.2 Algorithm: Persistence

The configuration of using Persistence for algorithm is the solution to the few situations

where link load distribution for Internet services is undesirable.

For example, many e-banking and other secure websites, for security reasons, terminate

the session when the client computer’s Internet IP address changes during the session.

In general, different Internet IP addresses represent different computers. The security

concern is that an IP address change during a session may be the result of an unauthorized

intrusion attempt. Therefore, to prevent damages from the potential intrusion, the session

is terminated upon the detection of an IP address change.

Pepwave MAX can be configured to distribute data traffic across multiple WAN connections.

Also, the Internet IP depends on the WAN connections over which communication actually

takes place. As a result, a LAN client computer behind Pepwave MAX may communicate

using multiple Internet IP addresses. For example, a LAN client computer behind a

Pepwave MAX with three WAN connections may communicate on the Internet using three

different IP addresses.

With the algorithm Persistence of Pepwave MAX, rules can be configured to enable client

computers to persistently utilize the same WAN connections for e-banking and other secure

websites. As a result, a client computer will communicate with the other end using one IP

address and eliminate the issues.

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There are two modes for Persistence: By Source and By Destination.

By Source

The same WAN connection will be used for traffic matching the

rule and originating from the same machine regardless of its

destination. This option will provide the highest level of

application compatibility.

By Destination

The same WAN connection will be used for traffic matching the

rule, originating from the same machine, and going to the same

destination. This option can better distribute load to WAN

connections when there are only a few client machines.

The default mode is By Source.

When there are multiple client requests, they can be distributed (persistently) to WAN

connections with a weight. If you choose Auto in the field Load Distribution, the weights

will be automatically adjusted according to each WAN’s Downstream Bandwidth which is

specified in the WAN settings page (see Section 9 Configuration of WAN Interface(s)).

If you choose Custom, you can customize the weight of each WAN manually by using the

sliders.

12.1.3 Algorithm: Enforced

This setting specifies the WAN connection usage to be applied on the specified IP Protocol &

Port, and is applicable only when the Algorithm is set to Enforced.

Matching traffic will be routed through the specified WAN connection regardless of the

connection’s health check status.

12.1.4 Algorithm: Priority

This setting specifies the priority of the WAN connections to be utilized to route the specified

network service. The highest priority WAN connection available will always be used for

routing the specified type of traffic. A lower priority WAN connection will be used only when

all higher priority connections have become unavailable.

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Tip

Configure multiple distribution rules to accommodate different kinds of services.

12.1.5 Algorithm: Least Used

The traffic matching this rule will be routed through the healthy WAN connection with the

most available downstream bandwidth. The available downstream bandwidth of a WAN

connection is calculated from the total downstream bandwidth specified in the WAN settings

page, and the current downstream usage. The available bandwidth and WAN selection is

determined every time an IP session is made.

12.1.6 Algorithm: Lowest Latency

The traffic matching this rule will be routed through the healthy WAN connection with the

lowest latency. Active pings are issued periodically to a nearby router of each WAN

connection. The latency of a WAN is the ping round trip time of the WAN connection.

Tip

The round trip time of a 6M down / 640k up link can be higher than that of a 2M down

/ 2M up link. It is because the overall round trip time is lengthened by its slower

upstream bandwidth despite of its higher downlink speed. Therefore this algorithm is

good for two scenarios:

1. All WAN connections are symmetric; or

2. A latency sensitive application requires to be routed through the lowest latency WAN

regardless the WAN’s available bandwidth.

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13 Service Forwarding

Service Forwarding settings are located at Advanced > Service Forwarding:

13.1 SMTP Forwarding

Some ISPs require their users to send e-mails via the ISP’s SMTP server. All outgoing SMTP

connections are blocked except those connecting to the ISP’s. The Pepwave MAX supports

intercepting and redirecting all outgoing SMTP connections (destined for TCP port 25) via a

WAN connection to the WAN’s corresponding SMTP server.

To enable the feature, select the Enable check box under SMTP Forwarding Setup. Check

the box Enable Forwarding? for the WAN connection(s) that needs such forwarding. Enter

the ISP’s e-mail server address and TCP port number for each WAN.

The Pepwave MAX will intercept SMTP connections, choose a WAN with reference to the

Outbound Policy, and then forward the connection to the forwarded SMTP server if the

chosen WAN has enabled forwarding. If the forwarding is disabled for a WAN connection,

SMTP connections for the WAN will be simply forwarded to the connection’s original

destination.

Note

If you want to route all SMTP connections only to particular WAN connection(s), you

should create a rule in Outbound Policy (see Section Error! Reference source not

found.).

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13.2 Web Proxy Forwarding

When this feature is enabled, the Pepwave MAX will intercept all outgoing connections

destined for the proxy server specified in Web Proxy Interception Settings, choose a WAN

connection with reference to the Outbound Policy, and then forward them to the specified

web proxy server and port number. Redirected server settings for each WAN can be set

here. If forwarding is disabled for a WAN, web proxy connections for the WAN will be

simply forwarded to the connection’s original destination.

13.3 DNS Forwarding

When DNS Forwarding is enabled, all clients’ outgoing DNS requests will also be intercepted

and forwarded to the built-in DNS proxy server.

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14 Port Forwarding

When operating under NAT mode, Pepwave MAX acts as a firewall that blocks, by default, all

inbound access from the Internet.

By the Port Forwarding, Internet users can access the servers behind Pepwave MAX.

Important Note

Port Forwarding applies only to WAN connections that are operating under NAT mode.

For WAN connections operating under IP forwarding, inbound traffic is forwarded to the

LAN by default.

Inbound Port Forwarding rules can be defined at Advanced > Port Forwarding:

To define a new service, click the Add Service button, upon which the following appears:

Port Forwarding Settings

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Port Forwarding Settings

Enable

This setting specifies whether the inbound service rule takes effect.

When Yes is selected, the inbound service rule takes effect. If the

inbound traffic matches the specified IP Protocol and Port, action

will be taken by Pepwave MAX based on the other parameters of the

rule.

When No is selected, the inbound service rule does not take effect.

Pepwave MAX will disregard the other parameters of the rule.

Service Name This setting identifies the service to the System Administrator.

Valid values for this setting consist only of alphanumeric and the

underscore “_” characters.

IP Protocol

The IP Protocol setting, along with the Port setting, specifies the

protocol of the service as TCP, UDP, ICMP or IP.

Traffic that is received by Pepwave MAX via the specified protocol at

the specified port(s) is forwarded to the LAN hosts specified by the

Servers setting.

(Please see below for details on the Port and Servers settings.)

Alternatively, the Protocol Selection Tool drop-down menu can be

used to automatically fill in the Protocol and a single Port number of

common Internet services (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS, etc.).

After selecting an item from the Protocol Selection Tool drop-

down menu, the Protocol and Port number remains manually

modifiable.

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Port Forwarding Settings

Port

The Port setting specifies the port(s) that correspond to the service,

and can be configured to behave in one of the following manners:

Any Port, Single Port, Port Range and Port Map

Any Port: All traffic that is received by Pepwave MAX via the

specified protocol is forwarded to the servers specified by the

Servers setting.

For example, with IP Protocol set to TCP, and Port set to Any Port,

all TCP traffic is forwarded to the configured servers.

Single Port: Traffic that is received by Pepwave MAX via the

specified protocol at the specified port is forwarded via the same

port to the servers specified by the Servers setting.

For example, with IP Protocol set to TCP, and Port set to Single

Port and Service Port 80, TCP traffic received on Port 80 is

forwarded to the configured servers via Port 80.

Port Range: Traffic that is received by Pepwave MAX via the

specified protocol at the specified port range is forwarded via the

same respective ports to the LAN hosts specified by the Servers

setting.

For example, with IP Protocol set to TCP, and Port set to Single

Port and Service Port 80-88, TCP traffic received on ports 80

through 88 is forwarded to the configured servers via the respective

ports.

Port Map: Traffic that is received by Pepwave MAX via the specified

protocol at the specified port is forwarded via a different port to the

servers specified by the Servers setting.

For example, with IP Protocol set to TCP, and Port set to Port Map,

Service Port 80, and Map to Port 88, TCP traffic on Port 80 is

forwarded to the configured servers via Port 88.

(Please see below for details on the Servers setting.)

Inbound IP

Address(es) This setting specifies the WAN connections and Internet IP

address(es) from which the service can be accessed.

Server IP

Address This setting specifies the LAN IP address of the server that handles

the requests for the service.

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15 NAT Mappings

The configuration of NAT Mappings allows the IP address mapping of all inbound and

outbound NAT’ed traffic to and from an internal client IP address.

The settings to configure NAT Mappings are located at Advanced > NAT Mappings:

To add a rule for NAT Mappings, click Add NAT Rule, upon which the following screen will

be displayed:

NAT Mapping Settings

LAN Host This is the IP address of the host on the LAN that the system should

map the selected connection IP address correspondences.

Inbound

Mappings This setting specifies the WAN connections and corresponding WAN-

specific Internet IP addresses on which the system should bind on.

Any access to the specified WAN connection(s) and IP address(es)

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will be forwarded to the LAN Host.

Note 1: Inbound Mapping is not needed for WAN connections in IP

forwarding mode.

Note 2: Each WAN IP address can be associated to one NAT

Mapping only.

Outbound

Mappings

This setting specifies the IP address of each WAN connection to be

used for any outgoing traffic originating from the LAN Host.

Note 1: If you do not want to use a specific WAN for outgoing

accesses, you should still choose Default here, then customize the

outbound access rule in the Outbound Policy section.

Note 2: WAN connections in IP forwarding mode are not shown

here.

Click Save to save the settings when configuration has been completed.

Important Note

Inbound firewall rules override the Inbound Mapping settings.

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16 Firewall

A firewall is a mechanism that selectively filters data traffic between the WAN side (the

Internet) and the LAN side of the network. It can protect the local network from potential

hacker attacks, offensive Web sites, and/or other inappropriate uses.

The firewall functionality of Pepwave MAX supports the selective filtering of data traffic in

both directions:

 Outbound (LAN to WAN)

 Inbound (WAN to LAN)

 Intrusion Detection and DoS Prevention

With Site-to-Site VPN enabled (see Section 11), the firewall rules also apply to VPN tunneled

traffic.

16.1 Outbound and Inbound Firewall

The outbound and inbound firewall settings are located in Advanced > Firewall:

Upon clicking Add Rule, the following screen appears:

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Inbound / Outbound Firewall Settings

Rule Name This setting specifies a name for the firewall rule.

Enable

This setting specifies whether the firewall rule should take effect.

When Yes is selected, the firewall rule takes effect. If the traffic

matches the specified Protocol/IP/Port, actions will be taken by

Pepwave MAX based on the other parameters of the rule.

When No is selected, the firewall rule does not take effect.

Pepwave MAX will disregard the other parameters of the rule.

WAN

Connection

This setting is applicable to Inbound Firewall Rules only.

This setting specifies which WAN connection(s) the rule applies to:

 Any (applies to all WAN connections)

 Ethernet WAN

 PC Card

 Express Card

 USB1

 USB2

 Wi-Fi WAN

Protocol

This setting specifies the protocol to be matched by the rule.

Via a drop-down menu, the following protocols can be specified:

 TCP

 UDP

 ICMP

 IP

Alternatively, the Protocol Selection Tool drop-down menu can be

used to automatically fill in the Protocol and Port number of

common Internet services (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS, etc.)

After selecting an item from the Protocol Selection Tool drop-

down menu, the Protocol and Port number remains manually

modifiable.

Source IP &

Port

This specifies the source IP address(es) and port number(s) to be

matched for a firewall rule.

A single address, or a network, can be specified as the Source IP &

Port setting, as indicated with the following screenshots:

In addition, a single port, or a range of ports, can be specified for

the Source IP & Port setting.

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Inbound / Outbound Firewall Settings

Destination IP

& Port

This specifies the destination IP address(es) and port number(s) to

be matched for a firewall rule.

A single address, or a network, can be specified as the Source IP &

Port setting, as indicated with the following screenshots:

In addition, a single port, or a range of ports, can be specified for

the Source IP & Port setting.

Action

This setting specifies the action to be taken by Pepwave MAX upon

encountering traffic that matches the both of the following:

 Source IP & Port

 Destination IP & Port

With the value of Allow for the Action setting, the matching traffic

passes through Pepwave MAX (to be routed to the destination).

If the value of the Action setting is set to Deny, the matching traffic

does not pass through Pepwave MAX (and is discarded).

Event

Logging

This setting specifies whether or not to log matched firewall events.

The logged messages are shown on the page Status > Event Log.

A sample message is as follows:

Aug 13 23:47:44 Denied CONN=Ethernet WAN SRC=20.3.2.1

DST=192.168.1.20 LEN=48 PROTO=TCP SPT=2260 DPT=80

 CONN: The connection where the log entry refers to

 SRC: Source IP address

 DST: Destination IP address

 LEN: Packet length

 PROTO: Protocol

 SPT: Source port

 DPT: Destination port

Upon clicking Save after entering required information, the following screen appears.

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To create an additional firewall rule, click Add Rule and repeat the above steps.

To reorder a rule’s position, just drag the rule by holding the left mouse button, move it to

the desired position, and place it by releasing the mouse button.

To remove a rule, click .

Rules are matched from top to the bottom. If a connection matches any one of the upper

rules, the matching process will stop. If none of the rules is matching, the Default rule will

be applied.

By default, the Default rule is “Allow” for both outbound and inbound accesses.

Tip

If the default inbound rule is “Allow” for NAT enabled WANs, no inbound “Allow”

firewall rules will be required for inbound Port Forwarding and inbound NAT Mapping

rules. However, if the default inbound rule is “Deny”, corresponding “Allow” firewall

rules will be required.

16.2 Intrusion Detection and DoS Prevention

The Pepwave MAX supports detecting and preventing intrusions and Denial-of-Service (DoS)

attacks from the Internet. To turn on this feature, click , check the box Enable for the

Intrusion Detection and DoS Prevention and press the Save button.

When this feature is enabled, the Pepwave MAX will detect and protect the network from the

following kinds of intrusions and denial-of-service attacks.

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Port Scan:

 NMAP FIN/URG/PSH

 Xmas Tree

 Another Xmas Tree

 Null Scan

 SYN/RST

 SYN/FIN

SYN Flood Prevention

Ping Flood Attack Prevention

17 Traffic Prioritization

Pepwave MAX provides the functionality to prioritize Voice over IP, VPN, video streaming,

Secure Web over the other Internet traffic.

The settings for configuring Quality of Service are located at Advanced > Traffic

Prioritization:

Traffic Prioritization

SIP/Vonage When enabled, any SIP and Vonage voice traffic will be prioritized.

PPTP and

IPSec VPN When enabled, any PPTP and IPSec traffic will be prioritized

Skype,

Google Talk,

RealVideo,

and Windows

Streaming

Media

When enabled, voice and video traffic of Skype, Google Talk,

RealVideo and Windows Streaming Media will be prioritized.

(Registered trademarks are copyrighted by their respective owner)

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Secure Web

(HTTPS) When enabled, HTTPS (TCP port 443) traffic will be prioritized.

DSL/Cable Optimization

DSL/Cable

Optimization

For an asymmetric DSL (ADSL) or Cable based WAN connection,

where the upstream bandwidth is lower than the downstream, with

this option turned on, the WAN's downstream bandwidth can be

fully utilized in any situation.

When a DSL or a Cable circuit's uplink becomes busy, it is a fact

that the downlink bandwidth is affected. Users cannot download

data in full speed until the uplink becomes less congested. The

DSL/Cable Optimization could relieve such problem. When it is

enabled, the download speed will be less affected by upload traffic.

Default: Enabled.

Please note that the Pepwave MAX prioritizes only outbound packets. E.g. for secure web

prioritization, the system will prioritize uploading traffic for outgoing connections and

downloading traffic for incoming connections.

18 Service Passthrough

Service Passthrough settings can be found in Advanced > Service Passthrough:

Some Internet services required to be specially handled in a multi-WAN environment. The

Pepwave MAX supports handling such services correctly such that Internet applications do

not notice it is behind a multi-WAN router. Settings for Service Passthrough Support are

available here.

Service Passthrough Support

SIP

Passthrough

Session Initiation Protocol, aka SIP, is a voice-over-IP protocol.

Pepwave MAX can act as a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG)

which binds connections for the same SIP session to the same

WAN connection and translate IP address in the SIP packets

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correctly in NAT mode. Such passthrough support is always

enabled.

If your SIP server’s signal port number is non-standard, you can

check the box Define custom signal ports and input the port

numbers to the text boxes.

FTP

Passthrough

FTP sessions consist of two TCP connections; one for control and

one for data. In multi-WAN situation, they have to be binded to

the same WAN connection. Otherwise, problems will arise in

transferring files. By default, the Pepwave MAX monitors TCP

control connections on port 21 for any FTP connections and binds

TCP connections of the same FTP session to the same WAN.

If you have an FTP server listening on a port number other than

21, you can check the box Define custom control ports and

enter the port numbers to the text boxes.

TFTP

Passthrough

The Pepwave MAX monitors outgoing TFTP connections and

routes any incoming TFTP data packets back to the client. Select

Enable if you want to enable the TFTP passthrough support.

IPsec NAT-T

Passthrough

This field is for enabling the support of IPsec NAT-T passthrough.

UDP ports 500, 4500 and 10000 are monitored by default.

You may add more custom data ports that your IPsec system

uses.

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19 System Settings

19.1 Admin Security

For security reasons, after logging in to the administration interface at the first time,

changing the administrator password is recommended.

Configuring the administration interface to be accessible only from the LAN can further

improve system security.

Administrative Settings configuration is located at System > Admin Security:

Admin Settings

Change

Admin

Password This setting specifies a new administrator password.

Confirm

Admin

Password This setting verifies and confirms the new administrator password.

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Security

This setting specifies the protocol(s) through which the Web

Administration Interface is accessible:

 HTTP

 HTTPS

 HTTP/HTTPS

Web Admin

Port This setting specifies the port number at which the Web

Administration Interface is accessible.

Web Admin

Access

This setting specifies the network interfaces through which the Web

Administration Interface can be accessed:

 LAN only

 LAN/WAN

If LAN/WAN is chosen, a WAN Connection Access Settings form

will be displayed.

WAN Connection Access Settings

Allowed

Source IP

Subnets

Allowed Source IP Subnets(s): To restrict web admin access only from

defined IP subnets.

Any

Allow web admin accesses to be from anywhere, without IP address

restriction.

Allow access from the following IP subnets only

Restrict web admin access only from the defined IP subnets. When

this is chosen, a text input area will be displayed beneath:

The allowed IP subnet addresses should be entered into this text area.

Each IP subnet must be in form of w.x.y.z/m,

where w.x.y.z is an IP address (e.g. 192.168.0.0), and

m is the subnet mask in CIDR format, which is between 0 and 32

inclusively. For example: 192.168.0.0/24

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To define multiple subnets, separate each IP subnet one in a line. For

example:

192.168.0.0/24

10.8.0.0/16

Allowed

WAN IP

Addresses

This is to choose which WAN IP address(es) the web server should

listen on.

19.2 Firmware Upgrade

The firmware of Pepwave MAX is upgradeable through Web Administration Interface.

Firmware upgrade functionality is located at System > Firmware:

There are two ways to upgrade the unit. The first method is online firmware upgrade. The

system can check, download and upgrade over the Internet. The second method is to

upload a firmware file manually.

Click on the Check again button to use online upgrade. With online upgrade, Pepwave

MAX checks online for new firmware. If a new firmware is available, the firmware will be

automatically downloaded by Pepwave MAX. The upgrade process will subsequently be

automatically initiated.

You may also download a firmware image from the Pepwave web site

(http://www.pepwave.com/) and update the unit manually. Click Browse to select the

firmware file from the local computer, then click Upgrade to send the firmware to Pepwave

MAX. Pepwave MAX will then automatically initiate the firmware upgrade process.

Firmware Upgrade Status

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Status LED Information during firmware upgrade:

 OFF – Firmware upgrade in progress (DO NOT disconnect power.)

 Red – Unit is rebooting

 Green – Firmware upgrade successfully completed

Important Note

The firmware upgrade process may not necessarily preserve the previous

configuration, and the behavior varies on a case-by-case basis. Consult the Release

Notes for the particular firmware version.

Do not disconnect the power during firmware upgrade process.

Do not attempt to upload a non-firmware file, or a firmware file that is not qualified, or

not supported, by Pepwave.

Upgrading a Pepwave MAX Mobile Router with an invalid firmware file will damage the

unit, and may void the warranty.

19.3 Time

The Time Server functionality enables the system clock of Pepwave MAX to be synchronized

with a specified Time Server.

The settings for Time Server configuration are located at System > Time:

Time Server Settings

Time Zone

This specifies the time zone (along with the corresponding Daylight

Savings Time scheme) in which Pepwave MAX operates.

The Time Zone value affects the time stamps in the Event Log of

Pepwave MAX and E-mail notifications.

Time Server This setting specifies the NTP network time server to be utilized by

Pepwave MAX.

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19.4 Email Notification

The Email Notification functionality of Pepwave MAX provides a System Administrator with

up-to-date information on network status.

The settings for configuring Email Notification are found at System > Email Notification:

Email Notification Settings

Notification

This setting specifies whether or not to enable Email Notification.

If the box Enable is checked, Pepwave MAX sends email messages

to a System Administrator when the WAN status changes, or when

new firmware is available.

If the box Enable is not checked, Email Notification is disabled and

Pepwave MAX will not send email messages.

SMTP Server This setting specifies the SMTP server to be used for sending email.

If the Server requires authentication, check the box Require

authentication.

SMTP User

Name /

Password

This setting specifies the SMTP username and password while

sending email. These options are shown only if the Require

authentication check box is checked in SMTP Server setting.

Sender’s

Address

This setting specifies the sender email address reported by the

email messages sent by Pepwave MAX.

Recipient’s

Address

This setting specifies the email address to which Pepwave MAX

should send the email messages to.

After you have completed the settings, you can click the Test Email Notification button to

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test the settings before saving it. After it is clicked, you will see this screen to confirm the

settings:

Click Yes to confirm. Wait a few seconds, and you will see a return message and the

detailed test result.

19.5 Remote Syslog

The Remote Syslog functionality of Pepwave MAX enables event logging at a specified

remote Syslog server.

The settings for configuring Remote System Log are found at System > Remote Syslog:

Remote Syslog Settings

Remote

Syslog This setting specifies whether or not to log events at the specified

remote Syslog server.

Remote This setting specifies the IP address or host name of the remote

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Syslog Host Syslog server.

Port This setting specifies the port number of the remote Syslog service.

By default, the Port setting has value is 514.

19.6 SNMP

SNMP, or Simple Network Management Protocol, is an open standard that can be used to

collect information from the Pepwave MAX Mobile Router.

SNMP configuration is located at System > SNMP:

SNMP Settings

SNMP Server

Name This setting specifies the SNMP server name.

SNMPv1 This setting specifies that SNMP version 1 is to be enabled.

SNMPv2c This setting specifies that SNMP version 2 is to be enabled.

SNMPv3 This setting specifies that SNMP version 3 is to be enabled.

To add a community for either SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c, click the Add SNMP Community

button in the Community Name table, upon which the following screen will be displayed:

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SNMP Community Settings

Community

Name This setting specifies the SNMP Community Name.

Allowed

Source

Subnet

Address

This setting specifies a subnet from which access to the SNMP

server is allowed.

Enter subnet address here (e.g. 192.168.1.0).

Allowed

Source

Subnet Mask

This setting specifies the subnet mask that corresponds to the

subnet specified via Allowed Source Subnet Address (e.g.

255.255.255.0).

To define a user name for SNMPv3, click Add SNMP User in the SNMPv3 User Name

table, upon which the following screen is displayed:

SNMPv3 User Settings

User Name This setting specifies a user name to be used in SNMPv3.

Authentication

Protocol

This setting specifies via a drop-down menu the one of the

following valid authentication protocols:

 NONE

 MD5

 SHA

Authentication

Password This setting specifies the authentication password, and is applicable

only if the MD5 or SHA authentication protocol is selected.

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Privacy

Protocol

This setting specifies via a drop-down menu the one of the

following valid privacy protocols:

 NONE

 DES

Privacy

Password This setting specifies the privacy password, and is applicable only if

the DES privacy protocol is selected.

19.7 Saving and Loading Configurations

Backing up the Pepwave MAX settings immediately after successful completion of the initial

setup is strongly recommended.

The functionality to download and upload Pepwave MAX settings is found at System >

Configuration:

19.7.1 Restore Configuration to Factory Settings

The Restore Factory Settings button is to reset the configuration to the factory default

settings. You have to click the Apply Changes button to make the settings effective.

19.7.2 Downloading Active Configurations

The Download button is to backup the current active settings. Click Download and save

the configuration file.

19.7.3 Uploading Configurations

To restore or change settings based on a configuration file, click Browse to locate the

configuration file on the local computer, and then click Upload.

The new settings can then be applied by clicking the Apply Changes button on the page

header, or discard at the Main page of Web Administration Interface.

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19.8 Flash Management

The Pepwave MAX is equipped with dual flash memory modules. Each flash memory stores

one firmware image. It does not only allow improved flexibility but also facilitates more

effective management of the flash contents. It is possible to upgrade the firmware on the

module/partition that is not designated for booting, so that the boot flash is unaffected by

firmware upgrade process or any potential power failures throughout.

Flash module management is located at System > Flash Management:

Flash Management

Firmware

Version This displays the firmware version on each flash module/partition

(i.e. Flash 1 or Flash 2)

Flash Status This shows the status of the flash module.

Boot from… The star indicates the flash module/partition from which Pepwave

MAX will perform its next boot.

Firmware

Upgrade

Target

The star indicates the flash module that is the target of the next

firmware upgrade.

By default, the target of the next firmware upgrade is the flash

module that is NOT designated for the next boot.

The configuration parameters will be applied upon clicking Apply Changes on the page

header of Web Administration Interface.

19.9 Reboot

This page provides a Reboot button for restarting the system.

19.10 Ping Test

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The Ping Test tool in Pepwave MAX performs Pings through a specified Ethernet interface.

The Ping utility is located at System > Tools > Ping. The Ping utility is displayed as a

pop-up window, illustrated as follows:

Tip

A System Administrator can use the Ping utility to manually check the connectivity of a

particular LAN/WAN connection.

19.11 Traceroute Test

The Traceroute Test tool in Pepwave MAX traces the routing path to the destination through

a particular Ethernet interface.

The Traceroute Test utility is located at System > Tools > Traceroute. The Traceroute

Test utility is displayed as a pop-up window, illustrated as follows:

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Tip

A System Administrator can use the Traceroute utility to analyze the connection path

of a LAN/WAN connection.

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20 Status

The information section displays the information of Pepwave MAX on the Device, Link

Usage, Active Sessions, DHCP Clients, and Event Log.

20.1 Device

System information is located at Status > Device:

System Information

System Time This shows the current system time.

Serial

Number This shows the serial number of the Pepwave MAX unit.

Current

Firmware

Version

This shows the firmware version that the Pepwave MAX unit is

currently running.

The second table shows the MAC address of each Ethernet interface.

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20.2 Link Usage Status

Link usage status information is located at Status > Link Usage:

The Link Usage Status section displays the cumulative amounts of data that have been

transferred through each WAN connection, as well as the inbound and outbound rate of data

transferred via various protocols.

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If you click on the Add Trip Counter link, a new transfer volume table will be shown where

the values are reset to zero. This will enable you to count the transferred volume from a

specific time instead of from the system up time.

20.3 Active Sessions

Information on Active Sessions is at Status > Active Sessions:

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This Active Sessions section displays the active inbound and outbound, UDP and TCP

sessions of each WAN connection on Pepwave MAX.

20.4 DHCP Clients

The DHCP Clients table is located at Status > DHCP Clients. It lists DHCP client IP

addresses and MAC addresses that the Pepwave MAX has offered IP addresses to since it is

powered up.

20.5 Event Log

Event Log information is located at Status > Event Log:

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The log section displays a list of events that has taken place on the Pepwave MAX unit.

Click the Refresh button to retrieve log entries again. Click the Clear Log button to clear

the log. Select 50, 100, or all to show the corresponding number of events in the log.

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Appendix A. Restoration of Factory Defaults

To restore the factory default settings on a Pepwave MAX unit, perform the following:

5. Locate the reset button on the Pepwave MAX unit.

6. With a paper clip, press and keep the reset button pressed for at least 10 seconds,

until the unit reboots itself.

Afterwards, the factory default settings will be restored.

Important Note

All user settings will be lost after restoring the factory default settings.

Regular backup of configuration parameters is strongly recommended.

Warning: two antennas must be separated by at lest 20 cm

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Appendix B. Product Specifications

B.1 Pepwave MAX Mobile Router

Routing

 NAT

 Flexible Custom Outbound Routing Policy

WAN Support

 DHCP, Static IP, and PPPoE

 Outbound Link Load Balance

Device Management

 Wizard & Menu Driven Web Management Interface over HTTP / HTTPS

 Remote Reporting and Management

 Configurations Upload and Download

Internet Access Sharing

 SUA (Single User Account) / Multi-to-Multi NAT

 NAT supports PAT (Port Address Translation)

Security

 Rules-based Stateful Firewall, with IP, Protocol, and Port filtering

 VPN Encryption: 256-bit AES

 Intrusion Detection System

Physical Interface

 One RJ-45 for an IEEE 802.3u 10/100M WAN

 One PC Card Slot

 One ExpressCard Slot

 Two USB Ports

 One Wi-Fi WAN Connector

 One Wi-Fi AP Connector for LAN

 Four RJ-45 for an IEEE 802.3u 10/100M LAN

Power Specification

 AV Input 100-240V, DC Output 9-30V

Operating Environment

 Temperature: 0°C - 50°C

 Humidity: 10% - 90% (non-condensing)

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FCC Statement:

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two

conditions:

(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and

(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause

undesired operation.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could

void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

NOTE:

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,

pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.

These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a

residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy

and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference

to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a

particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television

reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged

to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

-- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. -- Increase the separation between the equipment

and receiver.

-- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is

connected.

-- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Sales

sales@pepwave.com

Support

support@pepwave.com

Business Development and

Partnerships

partners@pepwave.com

Address:

United States Office

800 West El Camino Real,

Mountain View

CA 94040

United States

Tel: +1 (650) 450 9669

Fax: +1 (866) 625 4664

Hong Kong Office

17/F, Park Building,

476 Castle Peak Road

Cheung Sha Wan

Hong Kong

Tel: +852 2990 7600

Fax: +852 3007 0588

www.

wave.com

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