Proxim Wireless S58-04 Spread Spectrum Radio User Manual E1FAMIL8

Proxim Wireless Corporation Spread Spectrum Radio E1FAMIL8

Contents

users manual

INSTALLATION ANDMAINTENANCE MANUAL1xE1, 2xE1 AND 4xE1 (2.048 Mbps)SPREAD SPRECTRUM RADIOS(2.4 AND 5.8 GHz)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999iInstallation and Maintenance ManualCopyright © 1998 by Western Multiplex Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of thismanual may be reproduced without prior written permission from Western Multiplex Corp.The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. WesternMultiplex shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequentialdamages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual orequipment supplied with this manual. Western Multiplex makes no warranty of any kind withregard to this manual or any equipment supplied with this manual, including, but not limitedto, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.Heliax is a registered product of Andrews Corporation.Fireberd is a registered product of Telecommunications Techniques Corporation.Printed in the United States of AmericaNotice: Y2K (Year 2000 Issue)All software supplied by and for Western Multiplex products adheres to the four-(4) digityear nomenclature as required for Year 2000 compliance.Western Multiplex Corporation1196 Borregas AvenueSunnyvale, CaliforniaUSATel: +1 408 542-5200Fax:: +1 408 542-5300Our facility has been Registered to the International Organization forStandardization ISO 9000 Series Standards for quality.Issue: November 1999
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999iiThis page intentionally left blank
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999iiiRegulatory NoticeThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device,pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protectionagainst harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and canradiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, maycause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interferencewill not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio ortelevision reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user isencouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:*Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.*Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.*Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver isconnected.*Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCCregulations.Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Western Multiplex may void the user'sauthority to operate this equipment.This device complies with RSS-210 and/or RSS-139 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must acceptany interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.This device must be professionally installed.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999ivThis page intentionally left blank
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999vW/CS97-1GENERAL TERMS1.1 All Definitions contained in Western Multiplex's Conditions of Sale(Western Multiplex document number CS96-8), apply to theWarranty.1.2 Subject to the provisions of the Warranty, Western Multiplexwarrants that the equipment described in Paragraph 1.3 shallconform to their specifications described in Paragraph 1.4 in allmaterial respects and that the equipment shall be free frommaterial defects in materials and workmanship.1.3 This Warranty applies to all original purchases of WesternMultiplex manufactured equipment and accessories (collectivelythe "Equipment").1.4 This Warranty applies to the specifications contained in the mostrecent version of the manual for the model of the Equipmentpurchased (the "Specifications").1.5 This Warranty does not apply to the following items of Equipmentwhich are covered by the Original Equipment Manufacturer'swarranty:(a) antenna systems, including coax cable, waveguide, connectorsflex-sections, mounts, other parts of the antenna system andinstallation materials;(b) non-Western Multiplex manufactured rack mounted equipmentthat is assembled wired and tested at Western Multiplex'sfactory or supplied as part of a system, including orderwireitems, channel banks, multiplexers, fuse/alarm panels, remotealarm items; and(c) equipment which is not listed in Western Multiplex's price book.1.6 The effective period of this Warranty shall start on the date ofshipment of the Equipment and shall end:(a) for all spread spectrum unlicensed radio products and for alllicensed digital microwave radio products, two (2) years later;(b) for all analog microwave radio products, three (3) years later;or(c) for all baseband products, five (5) years later (in each case the"Warranty Period").1.7 The Customer acknowledges that Western Multiplex does notrepresent or warrant that the services provided by WesternMultiplex under this Warranty will ensure uninterrupted or error-free operation of the Equipment.RETURN OF EQUIPMENT UNDER WARRANTY2.1 If an item of Equipment malfunctions or fails in normal intendedusage and maintenance within the applicable Warranty Period:(a) the Customer shall promptly notify Western Multiplex of theproblem and the serial number of the defective item;(b) Western Multiplex shall, at its sole option, either resolve theproblem over the telephone or provide the Customer with aReturned Materials Authorization number (RMA #) and theaddress of the location to which the Customer may ship thedefective item;(c) if the problem is not resolved over the telephone, the Customershall attach a label to each Returned item describing the faultand the Customer's Return address. The Customer shall, at itscost, properly pack the item to be Returned, prepay theinsurance and shipping charges, and ship the item to thespecified location;(d) if the Western Multiplex product shall prove to be defective inmaterial or workmanship upon examination by WesternMultiplex, Western Multiplex shall either repair or replace theReturned item at its sole option. The replacement item may benew or refurbished; if refurbished, it shall be equivalent inoperation to new Equipment. If a Returned item is replaced byWestern Multiplex, the Customer agrees that the Returned itemshall become the property of Western Multiplex.(e) Western Multiplex shall at its cost, ship the repaired item orreplacement to any destination within the United States ofAmerica by carrier and method of delivery chosen by WesternMultiplex. If the Customer has requested some other form ofconveyance, such as express shipping, or is located beyondthe USA borders, then the Customer shall pay to the cost ofreturn shipment.2.2 Equipment which is repaired or replaced by Western Multiplexunder this Warranty shall be covered under all of the provisions ofthis Warranty for the remainder of the applicable Warranty Periodor ninety (90) days from the date of shipment of the repaired itemor replacement, whichever period is longer.DEFAULT AND TERMINATION3.1 Western Multiplex may immediately terminate this Warranty andall of its performance under this Warranty, upon notification to theCustomer, if the Customer:(a) makes any unauthorized modifications to the Equipment;(b) assigns or transfers the Customer's rights or obligations underthis Warranty without the written consent of Western Multiplex;(c) becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or is put into receivership; or(d) has not paid Western Multiplex all amounts for the Equipment,services, or other additional charges within thirty (30) days ofreceipt of written notice from Western Multiplex.3.2 If this Warranty is terminated by Western Multiplex, the Customershall remain liable for all amounts due to Western Multiplex.FORCE MAJEURE4.1 "Force Majeure" has the same meaning as defined in WesternMultiplex's Conditions of Sale (Western Multiplex documentnumber CS96-8).4.2 Western Multiplex shall not be responsible for failure to dischargeits obligations under this Warranty due to Force Majeure.LIMITATIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS OF WARRANTY5.1 This Warranty does not apply to any damage, defect or failurecaused by:(a) any part of the Equipment having been modified, adapted,repaired, or improperly installed, operated, maintained,transported or relocated by any person other than WesternMultiplex personnel or a Western Multiplex authorized serviceagent, without Western Multiplex's prior written consent;(b) storage or environmental conditions which do not conform to theapplicable sections of the appropriate Western MultiplexEquipment Manual;(c) failure to conform with the Equipment Installation, Operating andMaintenance Instructions of the appropriate Western MultiplexEquipment Manual;(d) external causes, including external electrical stress or lightning, oruse in conjunction with incompatible equipment, unless such usewas with Western Multiplex's prior written consent;(e) cosmetic damage;(f) accidental damage, negligence, neglect, mishandling, abuse ormisuse, other than by Western Multiplex personnel or a WesternMultiplex authorized service agent; or(g) Force Majeure.Please see reverse side for additional limitations on damages.WARRANTY
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999W/CS97-1 viLIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (North America)6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS THECUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THEEQUIPMENT; WESTERN MULTIPLEX SPECIFICALLYDISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANYWARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY.6.2 WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE INTORT, INCLUDING LIABILITY IN NEGLIGENCE ORSTRICT LIABILITY, AND SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY ATALL FOR INJURY TO PERSONS OR PROPERTY.WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TOFULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTYOR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR INCONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT SHALL BELIMITED TO THE AMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICEOF THE EQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED INTHIS WARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVEREMEDIES AGAINST WESTERN MULTIPLEXREGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.6.3 EVEN IF WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS BEEN ADVISEDOF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM, WESTERNMULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANYINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE COSTOF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN EMPLOYEES,AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN IDENTIFYING,REMOVING OR REPLACING THE DEFECTIVE ITEM;LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES; FAILURE TOREALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY CLAIM AGAINSTA CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY; OR ANY OTHERCOMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSSES OF ANY KIND.6.4 THESE LIMITATIONS AND DISCLAIMERS ARE NOTMADE BY WESTERN MULTIPLEX WHEREPROHIBITED BY LAW.LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (International)6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS THECUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THEEQUIPMENT; ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANYKIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANYWARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY AREEXCLUDED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTEDBY LAW.6.2 WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TOFULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTYOR IN TORT OR AS A RESULT OF STRICT LIABILITYOR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR INCONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT OR ITSSUPPLY SHALL BE LIMITED, EXCEPT IN RESPECT OFDEATH AND PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BYWESTERN MULTIPLEX'S NEGLIGENCE, TO THEAMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THEEQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED IN THISWARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVEREMEDIES AGAINST WESTERN MULTIPLEXREGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.6.3 EVEN IF WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS BEEN ADVISEDOF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM, WESTERNMULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANYINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE COSTOF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN EMPLOYEES,AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN IDENTIFYING,REMOVING OR REPLACING THE DEFECTIVE ITEM;LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES; FAILURE TOREALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY CLAIM AGAINSTA CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY; OR ANY OTHERCOMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSSES OF ANY KIND.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999vii W/CS97-1DEFINITIONS1.1 In these Conditions, unless there is something in the subjectmatter or context necessarily inconsistent:(a) "Western Multiplex" means Western Multiplex (d.b.a. WesternMultiplex), Sunnyvale, CA;(b) "Equipment" means the equipment itemized on theQuotation/Order Acknowledgment;(c) "International" means any location other than United States ofAmerica and Canada, including their territories and possessions;(d) "North America" means any location in the United States ofAmerica and Canada, including their territories and possessions;(e) "Order Acknowledgment" means the sales order acknowledgmentprovided by Western Multiplex to the Customer;(f) "Payment Instructions" means Western Multiplex's paymentinstructions, (Western Multiplex document P197-1);(g) "Quotation" means the quotation signed by an authorizedrepresentative of Western Multiplex and provided to the Customer;(h) "Shipping Date" means the actual date on which the Equipmentleft Western Multiplex's factory at Sunnyvale, CA, U.S.A.;(i) "Warranty" means Western Multiplex's warranty, document W97-1;(j) "Invoice" means the bill of goods prepared by Western Multiplexfor the equipment with the shipping and any insurance costs.1.2 Headings have been inserted in these Conditions for convenienceof reference only and will not effect their construction.ENTIRE AGREEMENT2.1 The Quotation, these Conditions of Sale, the OrderAcknowledgment, the Payment Instructions and the Warranty shallapply to all sales made by Western Multiplex and shall constitutethe entire agreement by Western Multiplex and the Customer (the"Agreement ").2.2 Any terms and/or conditions of sale, which may be included on theCustomer's purchase order form or any communication from theCustomer, that are not identical with the terms and conditionssteed in this document shall NOT become a part of the agreementof sale unless expressly agreed to in writing in the Quotation.2.3 Western Multiplex's failure to object to any terms and/orconditions of sale contained in any communication from theCustomer shall not be considered as acceptance of such termsand/or conditions or as a waiver of the terms and conditions ofsale contained herein.2.4 Western Multiplex shall sell to the Customer, and the Customershall purchase from Western Multiplex, the Equipment inaccordance with the Agreement. Western Multiplex accepts theCustomer's purchase orders for Equipment and agrees to deliverthe Equipment to the Customer only on the terms of theAgreement.2.5 No variation of the Agreement shall be binding unless agreed to inwriting by authorized representatives of Western Multiplex and theCustomer.PRICING3.1 All prices in the Quotation are exclusive of all shipping chargesand all applicable taxes including but not limited to, federal, state,local, excise, sales and use taxes.3.2 All prices in the Quotation unless otherwise stated:(a) for North American customers are FOB Sunnyvale, CA,USA. (New York Uniform Commercial Code); or(b) for international customers are Ex-Works, Sunnyvale, CA,U.S.A. (Incoterms 1990).3.3 All prices in the Quotation include standard domestic packing,unless a separate line item is provided detailing export or specialpacking charges.SHIPPING AND INSURANCE4.1 Western Multiplex shall arrange shipping and insurance whenrequested by the Customer, and shall bill the Customer for theEquipment with the shipping and any insurance costs as separateitems, on an invoice (the "Invoice").4.2 Delivery dates quoted by Western Multiplex are to be consideredestimates only. In no event will Western Multiplex be liable for anyloss or damage resulting from its failure to deliver products withina specified time.TERMS OF PAYMENT5.1 The Customer shall pay for all Equipment, including shipping andinsurance in accordance with the terms of the Invoice.5.2 All Invoices for North American Customers are due and payable inthirty (30) days from the date of the Invoice.5.3 International Customers shall make payments in accordance withWestern Multiplex's Payment Instructions by either:(a) providing a wire transfer (telegraphic transfer) for the full amountof the Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained inthe Quotation or the pro-forma Invoice sent to the Customer, priorto the Shipping Date; or(b) establishing an acceptable Letter of Credit (LC) for the full amountof the Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained inthe Quotation prior to the order being booked and accepted byWestern Multiplex.5.4 If a Customer fails to pay an Invoice when due, Western Multiplexmay, without prejudice to am other remedy, postpone shipments,alter payment terms, terminate the Agreement and charge intereston all overdue amounts the rate of 1.5% per month compoundedmonthly (or if less, the maximum allowed by law). Upon demand,the Customer shall pay all such interest charges and allreasonable collection fees, including reasonable legal expenses.SECURITY FOR PAYMENT6.1 If the Customer is located in North America, the Customer grantsto Western Multiplex a purchase money security interest in theEquipment to secure the payment of the purchase price of theEquipment and all other amounts due from the Customer.6.2 If the Customer is not located in North America:(a) despite delivery and passing of risk in the Equipment and anyother provision of these Conditions, the title in the Equipment shallnot pass to the Customer until Western Multiplex has receivedpayment in full of the purchase price of the Equipment and allother amounts then due from the Customer, and(b) until the title in the Equipment passes to the Customer:(i) the Customer shall hold the equipment as Western Multiplex 'sfiduciary agent and bailee, and shall properly store, protect andinsure the Equipment and shall identify the Equipment as WesternMultiplex property;(ii) if the Customer fails to pay Western Multiplex in accordance withthe agreed payment terms, Western Multiplex may require theCustomer to deliver up the Equipment to Western Multiplex, and, ifthe Customer does not, Western Multiplex may enter on thepremises where the Equipment is stored and repossess theEquipment; and(iii) the Customer shall not pledge the Equipment by way of securityfor any, indebtedness of the Customer, but if the Customer doesso all moneys owed by the Customer to Western Multiplex shall,without prejudice to any other remedy of Western Multiplex,immediately become due.CHANGES TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS7.1 Western Multiplex may, without notice to the Customer, makechanges to the specifications of Equipment which do notmaterially affect the quality or performance of the Equipment.EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION AND EXPEDITING CHARGES8.1 At the Customer's request, Western Multiplex may, for a feeagreed in advance:(a) reconfigure the Equipment; or(b) expedite the Customer's order.CONDITIONS OF SALE
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999W/CS97-1 viiiSHORTAGES9.1 The customer shall not make any claim for shortages (which areitems that the Invoice does not show are on back-order) aftertwenty-one (21) days after the date of the Invoice.RETURNS AND EXCHANGES10.1 The return of defective Equipment is covered by the Warranty .10.2 The Customer may only return Equipment that is not defective if:(a) the Equipment does not correspond with the Customer's purchaseorder; or(b) the Equipment has been ordered in error by the Customer andWestern Multiplex has permitted the Customer to remedy themistake by ordering the correct equipment and resuming theEquipment and the Customer obtains a Returned MaterialsAuthorization number ("RMA #") from Western Multiplex prior toreturning any Equipment.10.3 Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge a fee for returnedequipment under Subparagraph 10.2(b) with the amount of the feebeing determined prior to an RMA # being given by WesternMultiplex.10.4 Authorized returns of equipment under Paragraph 10.2 must be inan undamaged condition, in the original configuration, in theoriginal packing materials and within a time period agreed to whenthe RMA # was issued.10.5 If the Customer does not comply with the provisions of Paragraphs10.2, 10.3, and 10.4, the Customer shall pay the full amount of theInvoice.10.6 The party liable for all shipping, insurance and any other expensesincurred by the Customer in returning the Equipment underParagraph 10.2 and for all loss or damage to the Equipment untilreceived by Western Multiplex, shall be: (a) for all items returnedunder Subparagraph 10.2(a), Western Multiplex and (b) for allitems resumed under Subparagraph 10.2(b), the Customer.CANCELLATION11.1 If the Customer cancels an order before the Shipping Date,Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge the Customer acancellation charge up to 100% of the amount of the order.11.2 The Customer shall pay all cancellation charges within thirty (30)days from date of the Invoice.FORCE MAJEURE12.1 Western Multiplex shall not be liable if its performance of theAgreement becomes commercially impractical due to anycontingency beyond Western Multiplex's reasonable control,including acts of God, fires, floods, wars, sabotage, civil unrest,accidents, labor disputes or shortages, government laws, rulesand regulations, whether valid or invalid, inability to obtainmaterial, equipment or transportation, incorrect, delayed orincomplete specifications, drawings or data supplied by theCustomer or others (collectively "Force Majeure"). In no event ofForce Majeure shall Western Multiplex be required to purchasegoods from others to enable it to deliver the Equipment under theAgreement.ENGINEERING AND SYSTEM DESIGN13.1 The Customer is solely responsible for the engineering, design,integration and normal preventative and remedial maintenance ofthe Customer's system for which Western Multiplex suppliesEquipment.13.2 Western Multiplex is not responsible for the satisfactory operationof the Equipment in conjunction with other manufacturer'sequipment, nor for any losses which may occur as a result of afailure of the Equipment to operate in conjunction with othermanufacturer's equipment.WARRANTY14.1 All Equipment is covered by the Warranty.14.2 THE WARRANTY CONTAINS LlMITATIONS ON THECUSTOMER'S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES AGAINST WESTERNMULTIPLEX UNDER THE AGREEMENT.THE CUSTOMER ACKNOWLEDGES HAVING READ,UNDERSTOOD AND AGREED TO THOSE LIMITATIONS.DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF AGREEMENT15.1 If either party is successful in any litigation between the partiesbased on the Agreement, the successful party shall recover fromthe other, in addition to direct damages, the successful party'sreasonable attorney's fees and other costs of litigation.INSOLVENCY OF CUSTOMER, ETC.16.1 Western Multiplex may cancel the Agreement and suspend anyfurther deliveries under the Agreement without any liability to theCustomer, and, if Equipment has been delivered but not paid for,the price shall become immediately due and payable despite anyother agreement to the contrary if:(a) any proceedings in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership orliquidation are taken against the Customer;(b) the Customer makes an assignment for the benefit ofcreditors or commits an act of bankruptcy or insolvency;(c) the Customer ceases, or threatens to cease, to carry on theordinary course of its business, or transfers all or substantially allof its property;(d) the Equipment is seized under any legal process orconfiscated; or(e) Western Multiplex in good faith believes that the ability of theCustomer to pay or perform any provision of the Agreement isimpaired, or that any of the events mentioned above is about tooccur.NOTICE17.1 All requests, instructions and notices from one party to the othermust be in writing and may be given via registered post orfacsimile transmission to the address of the parties shown on theQuotation or Order Acknowledgment.EXPORT PROVISIONS18.1 The Customer shall not, whether directly or indirectly (includingfacilitating a third party) export or re-export the Equipment outsidethe country in which the Customer has stated these items are tobe used without obtaining the licenses required under ailapplicable rules. The Customer shall indemnify Western Multiplexagainst any liability incurred by Western Multiplex due to anyviolation by the Customer of any of the provisions of this Section,but this indemnity shall not apply if the Customer reasonably relieson information supplied to it by Western Multiplex with respect toexport licenses. Upon receipt of a governmental consent to exportthe receiving party shall immediately notify the other in writing.MISCELLANEOUS19.1 No waiver by Western Multiplex of any breach of this Agreementshall be considered as a waiver of any subsequent breach of thesame or any other provision.19.2 Any provision of the Agreement which is, or is deemed to be,unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall be severable from theAgreement in that jurisdiction without in any way invalidating theremaining portions of the Agreement, and that unenforceabilityshall not make that provision unenforceable in any otherjurisdiction.19.3 The rights which accrue to Western Multiplex by virtue of theAgreement shall inure for the benefit of and be binding upon thesuccessors and assigns of Western Multiplex.19.4 The agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State ofCalifornia including the California Uniform Commercial Code.However Western Multiplex may enforce the provisions of theAgreement in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction in whichthe Equipment is situated. The United Nations Convention on theSale of Goods (The Vienna Convention) shall not apply to theAgreement.19.5 Les parties ont exigés que cette entente soit rédigée en anglais.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999TOC & INTRODUCTION iTable of Contents1. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL...............................................................................................................1-11.1 MANUAL ORGANIZATION ......................................................................................................................1-11.2 ICONS...................................................................................................................................................1-22. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................................2-12.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................2-12.2 SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................................................2-22.2.1 Transmitter .................................................................................................................................2-22.2.2 Antenna / Antenna Coupling Unit .............................................................................................2-32.2.3 Receiver......................................................................................................................................2-42.2.4 System (Single Hop Performance)...........................................................................................2-52.2.5 Digital Line Interface..................................................................................................................2-72.2.6 Auxiliary Connections ................................................................................................................2-82.2.7 Temperature and Environment .....................................................................................................2-92.2.8 Power...........................................................................................................................................2-92.2.9 Regulatory Information ..............................................................................................................2-102.2.10 Mechanical ................................................................................................................................2-102.3 FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................................2-112.3.1 General......................................................................................................................................2-112.3.2 Test Points / Power Indicator..................................................................................................2-122.3.3 Alarm and Status Indicators....................................................................................................2-132.3.4 Controls ....................................................................................................................................2-142.3.5 Connections..............................................................................................................................2-152.4 REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................2-162.4.1 RF Connection .........................................................................................................................2-172.4.2 DATA Connections ..................................................................................................................2-182.4.3 Auxiliary Data Connections.....................................................................................................2-192.4.4 Switches ...................................................................................................................................2-202.5 INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES .............................................................................................................2-223. INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS......................................................................................................3-13.1 SHIPPING CONTAINER..........................................................................................................................3-13.2 PACKING ITEMS IDENTIFICATION...........................................................................................................3-23.3 BEFORE INSTALLATION TASK LIST........................................................................................................3-33.3.1 Site Selection Requirements.....................................................................................................3-33.3.2 Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance Guidelines..........................................................................3-43.3.3 RSL Calculation and Link Budget.............................................................................................3-53.3.4 Fade Margin Calculation............................................................................................................3-63.3.5 Availability Calculation...............................................................................................................3-73.3.6 Frequency Plan Determination .................................................................................................3-83.3.7 Power Supply Planning .............................................................................................................3-93.3.8 Antenna Planning.....................................................................................................................3-103.4 TOOLS REQUIRED ..............................................................................................................................3-11
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999 ii TOC & INTRODUCTION3.5 FREQUENCY CHANNEL PLANS............................................................................................................3-123.6 MOUNTING THE LYNX.SC..................................................................................................................3-153.7 POWER CONNECTION AND WIRING....................................................................................................3-163.7.1 DC Power Wiring .....................................................................................................................3-173.7.2 AC Power Connection .............................................................................................................3-193.8 ANTENNA CONNECTION .....................................................................................................................3-203.9 TRANSMISSION LINE CONNECTION .....................................................................................................3-213.10 ANTENNA INSTALLATION & ALIGNMENT ..............................................................................................3-223.11 CEPT-1 (E1) INTERFACECONNECTION................................................................................................3-253.12 DIP SWITCH SETTINGS........................................................................................................................3-263.12.1 Channel Selection....................................................................................................................3-263.12.2 Loopback Test Signal Selection .............................................................................................3-273.12.3 Spreading Code Selection.......................................................................................................3-283.12.4 Input Alarm (Data Loss) Enable/Disable................................................................................3-293.12.5 AIS Enable/Disable..................................................................................................................3-303.13 SYSTEM TURN-UP TO SERVICE ..........................................................................................................3-313.13.1 Output Power Adjustment .......................................................................................................3-393.13.2 Loopback/BER Testing............................................................................................................3-403.13.3 Error LED Mode Selection ......................................................................................................3-423.14 ADDITIONAL CONNECTIONS................................................................................................................3-433.14.1 Orderwire Connection and Address Selection.......................................................................3-433.14.2 Alarm Connections...................................................................................................................3-463.14.3 Diagnostics Port Operation........................................................................................................3-483.14.3.1 Diagnostics Port using RS-232...........................................................................................3-493.14.3.2 Diagnostics Port using RS-422...........................................................................................3-503.14.3.3 TBOS Protocol and Map .....................................................................................................3-513.14.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) Connection .....................................................................3-533.14.5 Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information)................................................................3-563.14.6 Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information)................................................................3-574. TROUBLESHOOTING.............................................................................................................................4-14.1 REGULAR MAINTENANCE......................................................................................................................4-14.2 CHANGING FREQUENCY PLANS..............................................................................................................4-24.3 USING A SPARE TERMINAL ...................................................................................................................4-34.4 TECHNICAL SUPPORT...........................................................................................................................4-44.5 REPAIR POLICY....................................................................................................................................4-54.6 FRONT PANEL STATUS LEDS..............................................................................................................4-64.6.1 DATA LOSS Alarms ..................................................................................................................4-74.6.2 BER (Bit Error Rate) Alarm.......................................................................................................4-94.6.3 RX SYNC (Receiver Synchronization) Alarm ........................................................................4-124.6.4 AIS OUT (Alarm Indication Signal).........................................................................................4-134.6.5 FAN Alarm................................................................................................................................4-144.6.6 RADIO FAIL Alarm ..................................................................................................................4-154.6.7 FAR END Alarm.......................................................................................................................4-164.7 ERRORS IN THE DATA STREAM...........................................................................................................4-174.8 INTERFERENCE COUNTERMEASURES .................................................................................................4-184.8.1 Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential Interference ..........................................4-204.9 BACK-TO-BACK TESTING ...................................................................................................................4-214.10 BER (BIT ERROR RATE) TESTING.....................................................................................................4-235. APPENDICES...........................................................................................................................................5-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999TOC & INTRODUCTION iiiAPPENDIX A - DIGITAL LINE INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................5-11. General Characteristics.......................................................................................................................5-12. Specifications at the output ports.........................................................................................................5-1APPENDIX B - REAR PANEL DIP SWITCHES....................................................................................................5-3APPENDIX C - REAR PANEL DATA CONNECTORS ............................................................................................5-9FiguresFIGURE 2-1: FRONT PANEL, 2.4 GHZ & 5.8 GHZ 1XE1 ......................................................................................2-11FIGURE 2-2: FRONT PANEL, 2.4 GHZ & 5.8 GHZ 2XE1 ......................................................................................2-11FIGURE 2-3: FRONT PANEL, 2.4 GHZ & 5.8 GHZ GHZ 4XE1...............................................................................2-11FIGURE 2-4: REAR PANEL, 1XE1.........................................................................................................................2-16FIGURE 2-5: REAR PANEL, 2XE1.........................................................................................................................2-16FIGURE 2-6: REAR PANEL, 4XE1.........................................................................................................................2-16FIGURE 2-7: CEPT-1 INTERFACE GROUNDING SWITCH........................................................................................2-18FIGURE 3-1: CHANNEL PLAN, 2.4 GHZ 1XE1 ......................................................................................................3-12FIGURE 3-2: CUSTOM CHANNEL PLAN, 2.4 GHZ E1.............................................................................................3-12FIGURE 3-3: CHANNEL PLAN, 2.4 GHZ 2XE1 ......................................................................................................3-13FIGURE 3-4: CHANNEL PLAN, 5.8 GHZ 1XE1 ......................................................................................................3-13FIGURE 3-5: CHANNEL PLAN, 5.8 GHZ 2XE1 ......................................................................................................3-14FIGURE 3-6: CHANNEL PLAN, 5.8 GHZ 4XE1 ......................................................................................................3-14FIGURE 3-7: NEGATIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION ............................................................................................3-18FIGURE 3-8: POSITIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION..............................................................................................3-18FIGURE 3-9: AC CONNECTION............................................................................................................................3-19FIGURE 3-10: TYPICAL RSL VOLTAGE VERSUS RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL (RSL) ...................................................3-24FIGURE 3-11: CEPT-1 INTERFACE GROUNDING SWITCH......................................................................................3-25FIGURE 3-12: LOOPBACK MODE SELECTION ........................................................................................................3-27FIGURE 3-13: SPREADING CODE SELECTION ........................................................................................................3-28FIGURE 3-14: INPUT ALARM DISABLE SWITCH.....................................................................................................3-29FIGURE 3-15: AIS SWITCH .................................................................................................................................3-30FIGURE 3-16: TYPICAL RF OUTPUT POWER VERSUS PWR VOLTAGE, 2.4 GHZ MODELS........................................3-33FIGURE 3-17: TYPICAL RF OUTPUT POWER VERSUS PWR VOLTAGE, 5.8 GHZ MODELS........................................3-34FIGURE 3-18: ERROR LED MODE SELECTION......................................................................................................3-42FIGURE 3-19: RJ-11 ORDERWIRE TELEPHONE CONNECTION ................................................................................3-44FIGURE 3-20: VF PORT CONNECTION .................................................................................................................3-45FIGURE 3-21: PIN CONNECTIONS, ALARM INTERFACE .......................................................................................3-46FIGURE 3-22: DIAGNOSTIC PORT PROTOCOL SELECTION......................................................................................3-48FIGURE 3-23: RS-232 DIAGNOSTIC PORT CONNECTIONS .....................................................................................3-49FIGURE 3-24: RS-422 DIAGNOSTIC PORT CONNECTIONS .....................................................................................3-50FIGURE 3-25: REPEATER AND HUB TBOS RADIO NETWORK MANAGEMENT..........................................................3-54FIGURE 3-26: REPEATER APPLICATION WITH SITE NETWORK MANAGEMENT ........................................................3-54FIGURE 3-27: AUX DATA CABLE CONNECTION FOR REPEATER/HUB..................................................................3-55FIGURE 3-28: AUX DATA SELECTION.................................................................................................................3-55FIGURE 3-29: MHS CONFIGURATION ..................................................................................................................3-56FIGURE 3-30: SD CONFIGURATION .....................................................................................................................3-57FIGURE 4-1: BACK-TO-BACK TEST CONFIGURATION............................................................................................4-22FIGURE 4-2: END-TO-END BER TEST CONFIGURATION .......................................................................................4-23
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSNOVEMBER 1999 iv TOC & INTRODUCTIONFIGURE A-1: MASK OF THE E1 PULSE (CEPT-1)....................................................................................................5-2FIGURE C-1: VF PORT CONNECTION.....................................................................................................................5-9FIGURE C-2: ALARM PORT CONNECTIONS.............................................................................................................5-9FIGURE C-3: DIAGNOSTIC PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR ..............................................................................5-10FIGURE C-4: AUX DATA PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR .............................................................................5-10TablesTABLE 3-A: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY .............................................................................3-16TABLE 3-B: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY..............................................................................3-16TABLE 3-C: TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER ADJUSTMENT, +6 DBW EIRP INSTALLATIONS ..................................3-37TABLE 3-D: TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER ADJUSTMENT FOR 2.4 GHZ, USA INSTALLATIONS.............................3-38TABLE 3-E: ALARM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS....................................................................................................3-47TABLE 3-F: TBOS MAP FOR THE LYNX.SC E1S..................................................................................................3-52TABLE A-2: CEPT-1 INTERCONNECTION SPECIFICATION.......................................................................................5-1TABLE B-1: LYNX.SC 2.4 GHZ 1XE1, 2XE1 & 4XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS ..............................................................5-4TABLE B-2: LYNX.SC 2.4 GHZ 2XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS ......................................................................................5-5TABLE B-3: LYNX.SC 5.8 GHZ 1XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS ......................................................................................5-6TABLE B-4: LYNX.SC 5.8 GHZ 2XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS......................................................................................5-7TABLE B-5: LYNX.SC 5.8 GHZ 4XE1 SWITCH SETTINGS ......................................................................................5-8
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL PAGE 1-11. How to Use This Manual1.1 Manual OrganizationThe Installation and Maintenance Manual provides information required to install and maintainthe LYNX.sc and to use its many features to the fullest advantage. This manual is divided intothe following sections:Section 1 Provides instructions on how to most effectively utilize the information inthis manual.Section 2 Provides a brief description and specifications of the LYNX.sc.Section 3 Explains the LYNX.sc installation and adjustments in detail.Section 4 Provides maintenance, repair and troubleshooting information for theLYNX.sc Spread Spectrum radios.Appendices Charts and diagrams are provided for radio connections and DIP switchsettings along with other general information.This device must be professionally installed. Instructions onsetting the transmitter RF output power are contained inSection 3 of this Manual.This device is to be used exclusively for fixed point-to-pointoperation that employs directional antennas.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 1-2 SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL1.2 IconsThroughout this manual, the following icons are used to highlight areas of special interest andimportance.Note Practical Tip Caution
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-12. Product Description2.1 General DescriptionThe LYNX.sc Spread Spectrum radios provide a new level of control and convenience in adigital communications network.The LYNX.sc radios carries up to four E1 signals between two locations without the delay andexpense of installing cable or traditional microwave.Because each owner controls the operation of the link, there is no reliance on any outsideservices. LYNX.sc radio operators are able to operate instant links whenever needed, and to bein control of their own network.The LYNX.sc offers two primary benefits:v CONVENIENCE Easy to install and operate with no user licenserequirements or frequency coordination in the USA.(Other countries may require a user license and/orfrequency coordination).v CAPABILITY Full transparent E1 signals over any line-of-sight distance(typically up to 50 miles, depending on terrain andgovernmental regulations).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-2 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2 SpecificationsAll specifications are subject to change without notice.2.2.1 TransmitterAll ModelsFrequency Selection Rear Panel DIP switches; 7-cavity RF filter assemblyModulation OQPSKCoding Direct SequenceNumber of Codes 4 (Rear Panel DIP switch selectable)2.4 GHz E1 2.4 GHz 2 x E1 2.4 GHz 4 x E1Output Power (max.) +30 dBm* +30 dBm* +30 dBm*Output Power (typ.) +27 dBm* +27 dBm* +27 dBm*Control Range 16 dB min. 16 dB min. 16 dB min.Frequency Range 2410-2473 MHz 2421-2462.5 MHz 2421-2462.5 MHz(occupies (occupies (occupies2400- 2400- 2400-2483.5 MHz) 2483.5 MHz) 2483.5 MHz)* 10 dB less on ETSI compliant models5.8 GHz E1 5.8 GHz 2 x E1 5.8 GHz 4 xE1Output Power (max.) +23 dBm +23 dBm +23 dBmOutput Power (typ.) +20 dBm +20 dBm +20 dBmControl Range 20 dB min. 20 dB min. 20 dB min.Frequency Range 5735-5840 MHz 5741-5834 MHz 5750-5825 MHz(occupies (occupies (occupies5725- 5725- 5725-5850 MHz) 5850 MHz) 5850 MHz)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-32.2.2 Antenna / Antenna Coupling UnitAll ModelsMechanics External antennaAntenna Connection N-type femaleImpedance 50 ohms2.4 GHz 5.8 GHzRecommended 4, 6, or 8 foot 2, 4, 6, or 8 footAntenna (not included) parabolic parabolicGain & Beamwidth (3 dB)2 ft Antenna N/A 29 dB / 6°4 ft Antenna 27 dB / 7° 35 dB / 3°6 ft Antenna 31 dB / 5° 38 dB / 2°8 ft Antenna 33.5 dB / 3.5° 41 dB / 1.5°
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-4 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.3 ReceiverAll ModelsNominal Receive Level -30 to -60 dBmMaximum Receive Level 0 dBm error free, +10 dBm no damageFrequency Selection Rear Panel DIP switches, 7-cavity RF filter assemblyProcessing Gain 10 dB minimum2.4 GHz 1 x E1 2.4 GHz 2 x E1 2.4 GHz 4 x E1Threshold Rx Level -93 dBm -91 dBm -89 dBm(BER = 10-6)Frequency Range 2400 - 2400 - 2400 -2483.5 MHz 2483.5 MHz 2483.5 MHz5.8 GHz 1 x E1 5.8 GHz 2 x E1 5.8 GHz 4 x E1Threshold Rx Level -92 dBm -90 dBm -88 dBm(BER = 10-6)Frequency Range 5725 - 5725 - 5725 -5850 MHz 5850 MHz 5850 MHz
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-52.2.4 System (Single Hop Performance)All ModelsError Floor 10-11Dispersive Fade Margin 58 dB, typicalTransmission delay(radio only) 250 µsec, maximum(10 mile path) 300 µsec, maximumSystem Gain*--USA-- -----------------------NO EIRP LIMIT ------------------------2.4 GHz** 2.4 GHz E1* 5.8 GHz 1xE1 5.8 GHz 2xE10.6m Antennas N/A N/A 160 dB 158 dB1.2m Antennas 166 dB 169 dB 172 dB 170 dB1.8m Antennas 174 dB 181 dB 184 dB 182 dB2.4m Antennas 176 dB 181 dB 184 dB 182 dB * Subtract 2 dB or 4 dB for the 2xE1 or 4xE1 models respectivelyTypical Link Distance*** 0.6m Antennas 1.2m Antennas 1.8m Antennas 2.4m AntennasNo EIRP Limit ≤24 km ≤64 km ≤80 km >80 km+6 dBW EIRP ≤8 km ≤16 km ≤24 km ≤32 km*Same size antenna and 30 meter ½ inch coaxial transmission line (6.6 dB @ 5.8 GHz, 4 dB@ 2.4 GHz) at each end of the link with no EIRP limits.** (2.4 GHz EIRP limits apply in the U.S.A.)*** Assumes 30 meter ½ inch coaxial transmission line and same size antennas at each end.Shorter and longer link distances can be accomplished depending on transmission line quality(and diameter), length of transmission line and other more minor factors.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-6 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONSystem (Single Hop Performance)Transmit FrequenciesChannel 2.4 GHz 1xE1 2.4 GHz 4xE1 5.8 GHz 1xE1 5.8 GHz 2xE1 5.8 GHz 4xE1A1 2410 MHz 2405 MHz 5735 MHz 5730 MHz 5735 MHzA2 2453 MHz 2446 MHz 5800 MHz 5795 MHz 5800 MHzB1 2430 MHz 2412 MHz 5755 MHz 5740 MHz 5755 MHzB2 2473 MHz 2453 MHz 5820 MHz 5805 MHz 5820 MHzC1 N/A 2419 MHz 5775 MHz 5750 MHz 5775 MHzC2 N/A 2460 MHz 5840 MHz 5815 MHz 5840 MHzD1 N/A 2426 MHz N/A 5760 MHz N/AD2 N/A 2467 MHz N/A 5825 MHz N/AE1 N/A N/A N/A 5770 MHz N/AE2 N/A N/A N/A 5835 MHz N/AF1 N/A N/A N/A 5780 MHz N/AF2 N/A N/A N/A 5845 MHz N/AReceive FrequenciesChannel 2.4 GHz 1xE1 2.4 GHz 4xE1 5.8 GHz 1xE1 5.8 GHz 2xE1 5.8 GHz 4xE1A1 2453 MHz 2446 MHz 5800 MHz 5795 MHz 5800 MHzA2 2410 MHz 2405 MHz 5735 MHz 5730 MHz 5735 MHzB1 2473 MHz 2453 MHz 5820 MHz 5805 MHz 5820 MHzB2 2430 MHz 2412 MHz5755 MHz 5740 MHz 5755 MHzC1 N/A 2460 MHz 5840 MHz 5815 MHz 5840 MHzC2 N/A 2419 MHz 5775 MHz 5750 MHz 5775 MHzD1 N/A 2467 MHz N/A 5825 MHz N/AD2 N/A 2426 MHz N/A 5760 MHz N/AE1 N/A N/A N/A 5835 MHz N/AE2 N/A N/A N/A 5770 MHz N/AF1 N/A N/A N/A5845 MHz N/AF2 N/A N/A N/A 5780 MHz N/A
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-72.2.5 Digital Line InterfaceAll ModelsData Rate 2.048 MbpsDigital Interface * CEPT-1Connector BNC female unbalanced, 75 ohm(optional 120 ohm balanced balun available)ORRJ45/8 balanced, 120 ohm(optional 75 ohm, unbalanced balun available)Blue Code ** Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)Remote Loopback Internal or external test signal (rear panel DIP switch selectable)* Meets ITU-T G.703.** Signal is selectable (on/off) and is generated only on data loss or link failure when selected.2.4 GHz 1xE1 2.4 GHz 2xE1 2.4 GHz 4xE1Digital Capacity 1 x E1 2 x E1 4 x E15.8 GHz 1xE1 5.8 GHz 2xE1 5.8 GHz 4xE1Digital Capacity 1 x E1 2 x E1 4 x E1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-8 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.6 Auxiliary ConnectionsAll ModelsOrderwire Interface 2-wire, 4-pin modular jack, female (RJ-11)REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq.Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(use telephones with solid state ringers, NOT adequate for older style mechanical ringers)VF Orderwire Bridge 600 ohm balanced, 4-wire, 0 dBm, DB-25, maleDiagnostic Port RS-232/ RS-422 (Craft / TBOS), DB-9, maleAux Data (clear service channel) RS-232 / RS-422, ≤9600 baud, DB-9, femaleAlarm 2 x Form C, 6 x TTL, DB-25, femaleProtect Port 8-pin modular jack femaleTest Points Output Power, near-end and far-endreceived signal level (RSL)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-92.2.7 Temperature and EnvironmentAll ModelsOperating Temperature Range -30 to +65°CHumidity 95% non-condensingAltitude 4,500 meters, maximum2.2.8 PowerAll ModelsDC Input Voltage ±20 to ±63 VDCPower Consumption < 45 wattsAC Adapter (optional) 100-250 VAC, 50-60 HzConnector Barrier strip, plug-in type
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-10 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.9 Regulatory Information2.4 GHz 1xE1* 2.4 GHz 2xE1 2.4 GHz 4xE1FCC Identifier HZB-LYNX42 TBD TBDFCC Rule Parts 15.247 15.247 15.247Industry Canada ID 522 102 415A TBD TBDIC Rule Parts RSS 210 RSS 139 RSS210ETSI ETS 300-328 & -826 ETS 300-328 & -8265.8 GHz 1xE1* 5.8 GHz 2xE1* 5.8 GHz 4xE1*FCC Identifier HZB-LYNX56 HZB-LYNX66 HZB-LYNX96FCC Rule Parts 15.247 15.247 15.247Industry Canada ID 2028 102 237 522 102 426 522 102 826IC Rule Parts RSS 210 RSS 210 RSS 210* Approved and/or Certified in many other countries (consult factory)2.2.10 MechanicalAll ModelsWidth (for 19-inch EIA 437 mm (17.2") rack mounting brackets suppliedrack mounting)Height 89 mm (3.5") (2RU)Depth 368 mm (14.5")Weight 5 kg. (11 lbs.)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-112.3 Front Panel Description2.3.1 GeneralThe LYNX.sc radio front panels, as shown in Figure 2-1 through 2-3, have LED indicators, testpoints, controls and connections that are used for installation, maintenance, operation andtroubleshooting. Prior to installation, it is best to be familiar with the front panel of your particularmodel. Sections 2.3.2 through 2.3.5 briefly describe the front panel access and lights from left toright.Figure 2-1: Front Panel, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz 1xE1Figure 2-2: Front Panel, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz 2xE1Figure 2-3: Front Panel, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz GHz 4xE1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-12 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.3.2 Test Points / Power IndicatorON This is an LED indication. When lit GREEN, the LYNX.sc is powered.The LYNX.sc radio products do not have an on/off switch.GND This is a test point referenced to chassis ground. This is used in conjunction withthe next two test points to measure voltages related to radio performance.RSL This is a test point which relates to the Received Signal Level (RSL). A voltage canbe measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference) whichcorresponds to the actual power level of the incoming received signal. While theDISPLAY FAR END button is pressed, this RSL voltage corresponds to the RSL ofthe far-end radio. These measurements are used during installation, maintenanceand troubleshooting.LOCALTX PWR This is a test point which corresponds to the output transmit power of the radio. Avoltage can be measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference)which corresponds to the actual power level of the outgoing signal. Thismeasurement is used during installation, maintenance and troubleshooting.This voltage only applies to the near-end and does not allow measurementof the far-end output transmit power, even when the DISPLAY FAR ENDbutton is pressed.There is a receptacle on the front panel to the right of the LOCAL TX PWR testpoint which is an installation adjustment allowing the output transmit power to beincreased or decreased within the radio's specified limits. Using a smallscrewdriver, this adjustment is used to set the output power of the transmitter, inaccordance to the path planning.The LYNX.sc systems requires professional installation. Transmitted outputpower limits may apply when using this radio. Consult FCC, IC, ETSIWestern Multiplex or other regulatory authorities for limits which may apply.See Section 3.13.1 for details on setting output power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-132.3.3 Alarm and Status IndicatorsDATALOSS When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that the LYNX.sc radio is notreceiving E1 input data on the corresponding data input channel. This alarmfunction can be disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting (see Section 2.4.4). Underdata loss condition, the local transmitter injects AIS (Alarm Indication Signal).BER This is the Bit Error Rate (BER) alarm. When lit RED, this alarm condition indicatesthat the received signal bit error rate is above the error threshold of 1 x 10-6. Thisalarm condition typically indicates a path problem or a problem with the far-endradio and usually is not a problem with the near- end radio.RX SYNC When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that the intended received signalis not being received. This alarm may indicate problems related to the path,connections, or the near-end or far-end radio hardware. When the RX SYNC alarmis active, AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) is injected into the E1 line transmit outputdata port.AIS OUT When lit RED, this is a status condition indicating that the radio receiver istransmitting AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) on the E1 line transmit output data port,due to loss of received signal. This typically indicates a path or connection problemor a near-end or far-end radio hardware problem. This alarm function can bedisabled by rear panel DIP switch setting (see Section 3.12.5).FAN When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating a failure with one or both of theinternal cooling fans. The radio is designed to operate within specification whenonly one fan is operating. The two fans are provided for redundancy only.RADIOFAIL When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating a major failure with the near-endradio hardware. It can also indicate improper connections to the CEPT-1 input port.FAR END When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that there are alarm or statusconditions present on the far-end radio. Press and hold the "Display Far End"button on the near-end radios to indicate the alarm conditions for the far-end radioterminal. Monitoring the far-end alarms can be helpful for radio installation androutine maintenance.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-14 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.3.4 ControlsLoopback is a test method used which transmits either an internal orexternal E1 test signal and loops this E1 signal back at the far-end radio(re-transmits the signal back to the near end). The near end then receivesthe signal. This is very useful for testing because the test signal can bemonitored at the near-end and the quality of the entire link can bemeasured using a Bit Error Rate (BER) test, or internal test features,without anyone going to the far-end radio location.ERROR When lit RED, this indicates that a bit error occurred while in loopback mode. If youare not using a BER test set, this LED may be observed to determine if there areany bit errors during loopback, for example during an overnight test.ENABLE This is a push-button switch that executes the loopback mode for the correspondingchannel. Loopback is initiated by pressing and holding this switch for approximately3 seconds. Once in loopback mode, the LED which is embedded in the switch isilluminated YELLOW to indicate that Loopback is ON. The LED on the near-endradio flashes while the far-end is solid. Loopback is disabled by pushing andreleasing the ENABLE button at either the near-end or far-end radio.Enabling loopback will interrupt traffic. This is an out-of-service test.CH SEL This is a push-button switch provided only one the 4xE1 version that selects thechannel for loopback mode. The channel is determined by the number of times theswitch is pressed. Press (hold for 2 seconds and release) for channel 1, press againfor channel 2, press again for channel 3 and press again for channel 4. Loopback isinitiated using the ENABLE switch; the LED in the CH SEL button flashes in agroup sequence to identify which channel is selected for loopback.DISPLAYFAR END This push-button provides the capability to determine alarms and status of the far-end radio. When pressed and held, the alarm and status LEDs and the RSL testpoint correspond to the far-end radio’s status and RSL value. This can be used forinstallation, maintenance and troubleshooting. When the LED on this switch isflashing, no far-end information is available. This typically indicates that there is nolink between near-end and far-end radios.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-152.3.5 ConnectionsORDERWIREThis connection is used to access the orderwire function. This is a facility for "telephone" styleservice from one radio to another. A standard electronic telephone [one with a handset andDTMF (push-button tone) dialing] plugs into this connector. The user can dial the orderwireaddress of the far-end radio (or any radio in the LYNX.sc network) to establish telephonecommunication between sites. This communication does not interrupt or interfere with the otherradio communications. The radio link must be operational to use this facility. The orderwirefeature can be very useful for installation, maintenance and troubleshooting.-Touch-tone Telephone* (for communication with far-end)*Telephone connection specifications:REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq.Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-16 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.4 Rear Panel DescriptionThe LYNX.sc radio rear panel, as shown in Figures 2-4 through 2-6, has connections and DIPswitches that are used for installation, maintenance, operation and trouble-shooting. Prior toinstallation, you should familiarize yourself with the rear panel.Figure 2-4: Rear Panel, 1xE1Figure 2-5: Rear Panel, 2xE1Figure 2-6: Rear Panel, 4xE1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-172.4.1 RF ConnectionThe RF port of the LYNX.sc radio is an N-type female connector that is an integral part of thefilter assembly. The filter assembly occupies nearly the entire top half of the rear panel. The N-Type connector is used to connect the antenna, typically using coaxial transmission line. In somecases, waveguide may be used as the primary transmission line, in which case a waveguide-to-Nadapter is required.For the LYNX.sc, 1/2" or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 orLDF4.5-50) is recommended. Coaxial cable that is 7/8” orlarger can exhibit moding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommendedfor 5.8 GHz radios. For waveguide transmission line at 5.8GHz, EW-52 waveguide is recommended. EW-63 will alsowork, but may exhibit more loss.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-18 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.4.2 DATA ConnectionsThe connection for the CEPT-1 (E1) interface is shown in Figure 2-7 as J1 through J4(additionally J5 through J8 on the 4xE1 model). These connections carry the E1 signals in andout of the radio. Multiple capacity (2xE1 and 4xE1) provide extra sets of input and output ports toconnect each E1 signal.The BNC data ports accept bipolar signals with the shield normally left open (floating) in order toeliminate ground loop problems. If desired, the BNC shield on the data ports may be groundedusing switch settings on SW2.For balanced E1 input, use a 120 ohm balun and BNC cablesto provide a RJ45 4-wire connection. SW2 has no effect whenusing the typical balun.Figure 2-7: CEPT-1 Interface Grounding Switch
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-192.4.3 Auxiliary Data ConnectionsThere are 5 auxiliary data connections for LYNX.sc as shown in Figure 2-4 through Figure 2-6.VF This connector is used to link two LYNX.sc radios at a repeater site for Orderwireoperation. This would allow orderwire "telephone" calls to and from any point in theLYNX.sc network.The LYNX.sc orderwire circuit can also be connected to other existingorderwire networks. See Section 3.14.1 for details.ALARM This connector is used for monitoring alarms electrically. The alarm connectionsare essentially the same as described for the front panel, however instead of LEDoperation, alarm status is provided electrically by means of TTL and Form C relayconnections. The TTL and Form C relays can be connected to other transmissionequipment for monitoring alarm status locally or remotely.DIAG-NOSTICS This is a serial interface port (RS-232 or RS-422, ≤9600 baud) to the LYNX.scradio. This port provides maintenance information about the LYNX.sc radio(s) to aconnected computer or terminal. This port is typically used for maintenance andtroubleshooting or connection to network management systems.AUXDATA This is a serial interface port (RS-232 or RS-422, ≤9600 baud) which allows theuser to connect auxiliary serial data from one point in the radio network to another.This facility can also be used for bridging the DIAGNOSTICS port for remote alarmand status monitoring (TBOS network management) or for connecting otherequipment's serial alarm information. It can alternatively be used for separate dataconnection for LANs or other serial devices.PROTECT This is a port used to connect the LYNX.sc radio to an additional unit for MonitoredHot Standby (MHS) or Space Diversity (SD) configuration. The MHS and SD unitscan be configured to provide protection to the LYNX.sc radio by means of a "back-up" radio which would switch-in should there be problems with the primary radio orthe radio path.The protect feature is not available at the time of theprinting of this manual
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-20 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.4.4 SwitchesThere are two sets of 8-segment DIP switches (SW1 & SW3) and two rotary switches (AddressTENS and ONES), as shown in Figures 2-4 through 2-6 on the rear panel of the LYNX.sc radio.These switches provide user configuration of several radio parameters. A brief explanation foreach function follows.Refer to the switch setting detail in Appendix B for yourparticular model.SW1InputAlarmDisableThese switch segments allow the user to “turn off” the DATA LOSS alarm for anyinput channel. This can be helpful if the data channel is not in use or whileperforming maintenance to temporarily turn off the alarm indication. Even when thisalarm is disabled, the LYNX.sc radio will inject AIS into the transmitted data streamwhen there is a data loss condition. (see Section 3.12.4)LoopbackMode This switch segment allows the user to select either the internal or an external testsignal while in loopback mode. (see Section 3.12.2)ErrorUnlatch This switch segment selects an optional mode for the ERROR LED to flash for eacherror occurrence (instead of latching on). This can be useful for short durationloopback testing when the operator is located at the terminal site and watching forerrors. (see Section 3.13.3)AISDisable This switch segment allows the user to select whether or not an AIS signal will beautomatically injected into the received E1 data stream at BER ≥ 1 x 10-3. This canbe useful for measuring threshold or when a E1 channel is not in use. The AIS willbe injected into the received E1 data stream if the radio loses sync (RX SYNCalarm active), even if the AIS disable function has been selected. (see Section3.12.5)Diag-nosticProtocolThis switch segment is default set to Telemetry Bit Oriented Serial (TBOS) modeon the diagnostics port. This is a non-proprietary network management protocolwhich is common to some radio networks. The other selection is for factory useonly. (see Section 3.14.3)EnableAuxDataThis switch segment allows the AUX DATA port to be optionally used as a clearservice channel for RS-232 or RS-444 (≤ 9600 baud) user data. The radio normally“bridges” the AUX DATA port to the DIAGNOSTICS PORT for TBOS radio networkmanagement. (see Section 3.14.4)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-21SW2InterfaceConnec-tionThese switch segments allow the user to have the shield of each CEPT-1 inputconnection either grounded or floating. The shield is normally “floating” to eliminateground loop problems. (see Section 3.11)SW3Spread-ing Code This set of switch segments allow the user to select the spreading code for thespread spectrum signal. Both ends of a radio system must be set to the same code.Users may wish to change codes for radios that are nearby other similar radios toaid in interference rejection. (see Section 3.12.3)ChannelSelection This set of switch segments programs the radio to match the specific RF channelcorresponding to the RF filter set which has been installed. (see Section 3.12.1)Address There are two rotary switches which determine the radio's address (01 to 99). Thisaddress is used for Orderwire signaling and for the DIAGNOSTICS port TBOSaddress. (see Section 3.14.1)Refer to Appendix B for Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 2-22 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.5 Installation AccessoriesThe LYNX.sc radio is shipped with several accessories commonly required for the radio asdescribed below:AC PowerSupply If ordered as an option, this power supply provides AC to DC conversion for usewith AC powered locations.AC PowerCord This power cord connects the AC Power Supply, if ordered, to a standard 115VU.S. AC outlet.Rack MountBrackets Two brackets (along with required mounting screws) are provided which allow 19-inch rack mounting of the LYNX.sc radio.TerminalConnector This is a 6-pin mating connector used for DC power supply.DConnector9-pinTwo of these mating connectors are provided. One is used for theDIAGNOSTICS port interface and another for the AUX DATA port.DConnector25-pinThere are 2 mating connectors provided, one for the ALARM interface and theother for the VF interface.RF PowerAdjustmentCoverA small plastic cap is provided which is placed over the RF output poweradjustment receptacle once output power has been set by professionalinstallation personnel.Other accessories are available, such as orderwire handsets, connector adapters and specialcables. These can be ordered separately upon request.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-23Your Notes on the LYNX.sc Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-13. Installation & Adjustments3.1 Shipping ContainerThe equipment is shipped in boxes unless ordered as an integrated system and configured at thefactory, in which case the equipment may be racked and shipped in a crate. The equipment ispackaged so as to prevent damage in transit.The boxes should be left intact and sheltered until arrival at the installation site.If the shipping container shows signs of damage, thetransportation company should be notified immediately. Extracare and inspection of the contents is advised immediately uponreceipt.It is recommended that all the packaging materials beretained. In the unlikely event that the equipment must bereturned to the factory, use the original packing materials forreturn shipment. The original packaging materials are alsorecommended for transporting the equipment fromlocation to location.Inside the primary shipping containers, internal boxes may contain other items. These boxesshould also be saved for future use.Also, save the LYNX.sc radio test data sheet that is provided.The test data sheet can be placed where the LYNX.sc terminalwill be installed for future quick reference. This sheet could alsobe placed in the front pocket of this manual, and the manualkept at the radio location for future reference. All LYNX.sc unitsare individually tested and the actual measured performancerecorded on the Factory Test Data Sheet. You will find thisinformation to be of use during installation, troubleshooting andmaintenance.A set of quick installation instructions is also provided which can be useful for easy referenceduring installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-2 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.2 Packing Items IdentificationThe primary shipping container houses the radio and an additional box. The box contains severalrelated items inside including:vThis manualvInstallation accessory kit (see Section 2.5)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-33.3 Before Installation Task ListThere are several tasks that should be accomplished prior to installing the LYNX.sc radiosystem. This section briefly describes the following:- Site selection- Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance determination- Anticipated RSL calculation- Fade margin calculation- Availability calculation- Frequency plan determination- Power supply planning- Antenna (and accessories) purchaseOnly directional antennas should be used with LYNX.sc spreadspectrum radios. These can be grid or solid parabolic antennas(minimum 2 foot - .6 meter). Flat panel antennas are alsoacceptable if the beam width is kept to a minimum.3.3.1 Site Selection RequirementsThe radio site must have:- access to the appropriate power- close proximity to the telephone or computer system you wish to interconnect- line-of-sight to the other radio location with adequate clearance- location for mounting the antenna
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-4 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.2 Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance GuidelinesThe LYNX.sc radios will not operate properly unless they have line-of-sight between theircorresponding antennas. The LYNX.sc radio transmission will not pass through trees or otherobstacles. Factors to consider include:- Earth curvature- Future growth of trees- Height of buildingsIn addition to the line-of-sight requirement, a well-engineered path will also have additional pathclearance to allow for signal loss due to partial obstructions, atmospheric ducting and groundreflections. To maximize radio reception, 0.6 times the first Fresnel zone should be calculatedand this distance added to the path clearance (in addition to trees or buildings).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-53.3.3 RSL Calculation and Link BudgetThe received signal level (RSL) can be estimated using the following formula:RSL (dBm) = Pout - FL1+ G1 + G2 - FL2 - Lpwhere: Pout is the transmitter output power (in dBm)FL1 is the feeder loss of the transmit side (in dB)G1 is the gain of the transmit antenna (in dB)G2 is the gain of the receive antenna (in dB)FL2 is the feeder loss of the receive side (in dB)Lp is the Path loss, defined by:Lp (dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10F + 20 log10Dwhere: F = Frequency in GHz (2.4 or 5.8)D = Distance of path in milesThis link budget is very important for determining any potential problems during installation. Ifyou have calculated the expected RSL, you can see if it has been achieved during installation,and troubleshoot if necessary.In the USA, 5.8 GHz models of the LYNX.sc may be installedwith any size directional antennas and operated at full power.The 2.4 GHz model may require power reduction where: Pout -FL1+ G1 is replaced by 30 - [(G1 - 6)/ 3] + FL1In some countries effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP)limits apply, such as +6 dBW (+36 dBm) in Canada. Outputpower may need to be reduced, and the above path planningequation changed such that: EIRP (dBm) = Pout + G1 - FL1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-6 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.4 Fade Margin CalculationThe fade margin is the difference between the actual received signal and the radio’s threshold.Using the formula provided in Section 3.3.3, the anticipated RSL can be calculated. Comparethis RSL to the specified threshold of the LYNX.sc radio, which is shown in Section 2.2, andcalculate the fade margin as the difference between the two signal levels.Dispersive fade margin is another factor that many microwave path engineers may use to plantheir link budget. For the LYNX.sc radio, the dispersive fade margin is in excess of 55 dB andtherefore is not a determining factor in path planning. This excellent dispersive fade marginperformance is important because the spread spectrum RF signal has considerably widebandwidth.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-73.3.5 Availability CalculationAvailability of the microwave path is a measure of the percent of the time that the link willoperate without producing an excessive BER due to multipath fading. In the absence of directinterference, availability is affected by the following:- Path length- Fade margin- Frequency (2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz in the case of the LYNX.sc radios)- Terrain (smooth, average, mountainous)- Climate (dry, temperate, hot/humid)Depending on the type of traffic carried over the link, the system designer may wish to design fora specific availability. For example, if the data or voice traffic that is carried by the radio iscritical then it may be designed for a very high availability (e.g. 99.999% or 5.3 minutes ofoutage per year). To improve availability, for example, the fade margin can be increased bymaking the path shorter, or by using higher gain antennas in conjunction with lower loss feeders(by using high quality transmission line or shortening feed length).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-8 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.6 Frequency Plan DeterminationWhen configuring radios in a hub or repeater configuration, careful engineering of the LYNX.scradio frequency plans and antenna locations should be performed in order to minimize potentialinterference between the nearby radios. As a rule of thumb, do not place identical frequency planradios (e.g. two “A” channel radios) at the same site. In most cases, it is desirable to use adifferent frequency plan (e.g. A versus B). However, with careful engineering, placing more thanone radio of the same frequency channel plan at the same site can be accomplished. In fact, theLYNX.sc frequency plan is designed to allow complex hub configurations that may require re-using the same frequency plan. When designing these types of configurations, antenna size andantenna location are critical. If identical channel plans must be used at the same site, the sameradio channel (e.g. A1 and A1) should be used at a site to minimize interference. Using alternatechannels (e.g. A1 and A2) is less likely to be successful (and therefore not recommended) due tothe high level of transmitter to receiver isolation required from the antenna system.Sometimes it is required to locate the LYNX.sc radio nearby a transmitter that is the same as, orclose to the LYNX.sc receive or transmit frequencies. In this case, the LYNX.sc terminal thatshould be placed closest to this interfering transmitter should be the specific terminal with thereceive frequency which is furthest from this unwanted transmitted frequency. This approachminimizes the potential of interference. While interference conditions are rare when using theLYNX.sc radios, cases of interference may be overcome by exchanging the radios from end toend or simply reinstalling the filter unit, as described in Section 4.2 (thus swapping thefrequencies of both ends of the radio link). In some cases, changing frequency plans (e.g. from Ato B) can also help mitigate any interference.Section 4.8 of this manual describes interferencecountermeasures in further detail.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-93.3.7 Power Supply PlanningThe LYNX.sc radio must have access to a supply of appropriate power, either DC or AC (if theAC adapter option has been ordered). The LYNX.sc can be powered from a DC battery system,or from a solar or generator power plant, usually with battery reserves. Typically either a positiveor negative ground 24 or 48 volt supply is used. For DC, be sure the cable is of sufficient gaugeto carry the necessary current and it is less than three (3) meters (9.75 feet) in length.Before installing the radio, plan for the continuous power consumption needs in accordance withthe specifications given in Section 2.2 of this manual. It is also wise to plan for backup power forcritical communication circuits (including the LYNX.sc radio). Backup power allows the radiosand associated equipment to continue operation when primary power is interrupted.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-10 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.8 Antenna PlanningUsing the path planning tools, proper antenna size can be determined which will yield the desiredpath performance. In general, the larger the antenna that is used with the LYNX.sc radio, thebetter the link will perform. Larger antennas have narrower beamwidth and higher gain, whichwill yield better link performance (higher fade margin, better availability) and improve immunityto interference (due to the smaller beamwidths). However, larger antennas are more costly topurchase and install than smaller antennas, in some cases requiring special equipment forinstallation. All of these factors should be taken into consideration when selecting antennas.In areas where transmitted output power restrictions apply, theuse of larger antennas will maintain the benefit of narrowbeamwidths and receive gain. However, output power mayneed to be reduced to meet regulations. (See Section 3.13.1)Prior to installation, the specific antenna location and mounting should be determined. Thisadvanced planning also yields the transmission line requirements. Only directional antennas should be used with LYNX.scspread spectrum radios. These can be grid or solid parabolicantennas (minimum 2 foot - .6 meter). Flat panel antennas arealso acceptable if the beam width is kept to a minimum.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-113.4 Tools RequiredThe following tools may be required for the installation of the LYNX.sc radios:-Phillips (cross tip) screwdrivers (for 19-inch rack mounting and attachment of brackets)-Small blade standard screwdriver (for power supply connector and RF output poweradjust)-Soldering iron (if using any D-type connectors)-Wire strippers (for removing insulation from power supply and other wiring)-Digital Voltmeter (to measure RSL, Tx output power, Alarms)The following tools are recommended for the installation of the LYNX.sc radios:-RF power meter (to measure transmitter output power)-Cellular phone or two-way radio (for talking with far-end crew and tower crew)-Bit Error Rate test set (to test link after installation)-Touch-tone Telephone* (to test orderwire circuits and for communication with far-end)Additional tools will likely be needed for antenna and transmission line installation and antennaalignment. Consult Sections 3.8 through 3.10 of this manual for more details.*Telephone connection specifications:REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq.Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-12 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.5 Frequency Channel PlansThe LYNX.sc system offers several non-overlapping channel plans for the different models ofradio. This channel plan arrangement allows users to implement LYNX.sc systems in theproximity of other LYNX.sc radios (planned or unplanned), hub and repeater applications, andcan be used to mitigate interference. The channel plans are illustrated below in Figures 3-1through 3-6. Section 4.2 and 4.3 describe how to change frequency channel assignments of aLYNX.sc radio.Figure 3-1: Channel Plan, 2.4 GHz 1xE1Figure 3-2: Custom Channel Plan, 2.4 GHz E1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-13Figure 3-3: Channel Plan, 2.4 GHz 2xE1Figure 3-4: Channel Plan, 5.8 GHz 1xE1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-14 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-5: Channel Plan, 5.8 GHz 2xE1Figure 3-6: Channel Plan, 5.8 GHz 4xE1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-153.6 Mounting the LYNX.scThe LYNX.sc radio can be mounted at any height in a standard 19-inch rack. Blank rack-mounting spaces above and below the LYNX.sc are recommended, especially if the surroundingequipment dissipates a considerable amount of heat (over 50W).The LYNX.sc radio may be set up for mounting with the front edge projecting from the front faceof a standard 19-inch rack using the rack mounting brackets enclosed with the screws in theAccessory Kit (4 per bracket). The rack mounting brackets may be reversed, in order to install forflush or cabinet mounting if preferred. Depending on rack configuration, it may be necessary toremove the four adhesive backed rubber feet on the bottom of the unit.The LYNX.sc radio has internal fans which intake andexhaust on the left and right sides of the chassis. When rackmounting, it is important to leave a small gap between theouter edges of the radio and the inside edge of the rack.The LYNX.sc radio may alternatively be placed on a table or shelfattached to a wall. Because of the low weight of the LYNX.sc,any mounting option other than rack mounting will be less secure.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-16 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.7 Power Connection and WiringThere is no ON/OFF switch on the LYNX.sc. As soon aspower is applied, the equipment will be operational. Thismeans that there can be up to 1W of RF power present atthe antenna port. The antenna port should be terminatedbefore power is applied.Power is connected using the DC power plug contained in the Accessory Kit. Use Table 3-A or 3-B along with the associated diagram of Figure 3-7 or 3-8 to connect the DC power cables. Forexample, for a negative DC power input, use Table 3-A and Figure 3-7.NEGATIVE DC POWER INPUT(–20 TO –63 VDC)PIN FUNCTION1Power (–DC)2Ground (see figure 3-7)3Return (+DC)4Return (+DC)5Ground (see figure 3-7)6Power (–DC)Table 3-A: DC Power Connection for Negative SupplyPOSITIVE DC POWER INPUT(+20 TO +63 VDC)PIN FUNCTION1Return (–DC)2Ground (see figure 3-8)3Power (+DC)4Power (+DC)5Ground (see figure 3-8)6Return (–DC)Table 3-B: DC Power Connection for Negative SupplyPins 1 and 6 are connected together on the motherboard.Either pin may be used to apply (-DC) DC power input.Similarly, pins 3 and 4 are connected together on themotherboard and may be used to apply (+DC) DC power input.For DC power return connection, connect to the oppositevoltage (either the -DC or the +DC Pin) and connect the returnto ground at the DC power plug on pins 2 and/or 5.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-173.7.1 DC Power WiringConnect the power cable with adequate current rating (minimum of 20 AWG) to the terminalsshown on the removed (not plugged into the radio) DC power plug using the screw connections.The recommended minimum current rating of external fuses and cables is 3 Amps. The LYNX.scradios consume less than 1 Amp at ±48V and less than 2 Amps at ±24V. Be sure the DC powercable is less than 3 meters (9.75 feet) in length.Each LYNX.sc terminal should be externally fused separatelywith a 5 Amp maximum fuse. The DC power cable must beless than three (3) meters in length.If using negative power, connect the negative voltage to pins 1 or 6. Connect the ground returnconnection to pins 3 or 4. See Figure 3-7.If using positive power, connect the positive voltage to pins 3 or 4. Connect the ground returnconnection to pins 1 or 6. See Figure 3-8.The ground connection is available at pins 2 and 5. Either pin may be used to ground the returnside of the power supply. Do not ground both sides of the power supply.Proper grounding, either through the chassis and/or the powersupply, can be very important for protection from lightning. Agrounding screw hole is provided on the rear panel.The ground connection may be left floating if the power supplyis referenced to ground externally and to avoid ground loops insome configurations. However, this may not provide adequategrounding for lightning protection.Use a DVM (digital voltmeter) to verify voltage and polarity on the DC power plug.Do not connect the DC power plug to the rear of the LYNX.scterminal until a load is connected to the antenna port (either anRF pad, or an RF cable and antenna).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-18 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-7: Negative Voltage DC ConnectionFigure 3-8: Positive Voltage DC ConnectionMake sure that when connecting the mating plug that it isproperly oriented (terminal screws pointing up) and securelyfastened.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-193.7.2 AC Power ConnectionThe optional AC power supply operates from any AC voltage 100V - 250V and 50 Hz or 60 Hz.The AC supply is equipped with a mating connector that plugs directly into the LYNX.sc radioand an AC cord with a 3-pin AC plug. The AC cord color code is shown in Figure 3-9 in caseusers wish to replace the AC plug supplied with a different type of plug.Figure 3-9: AC Connection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-20 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.8 Antenna ConnectionThe LYNX.sc radio is equipped with an N-type female connector at the antenna port located onthe rear panel. A short length (~6 feet) jumper cable such as RG-214 coax (or “pigtail”) fitted withtwo N-type male connectors can be used to connect the antenna port to the antennatransmission line (see Section 3.9). The recommended cable type for a jumper is RG-214.A low loss 50-ohm cable (for example LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax) or EW-52 waveguide (for 5.8 GHzradios) is recommended for the antenna transmission line between the top of the rack and theantenna. The return loss presented by the transmission line at the top of the rack should be ashigh as possible (20 dB, minimum recommended). The length of the antenna transmission lineshould be kept as short as possible (to minimize losses).For 5.8 GHz radios, to minimize feeder losses, the use of 5.8 GHz elliptical waveguide isrecommended (typical loss is 1.25 dB/100 ft) for feeder lengths in excess of 200 feet. Dependingon path length and feeder length, 1/2 inch coax cable can be used with 5.8 GHz radios.For the LYNX.sc radio, 1/2” or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 orLDF4.5-50) is recommended. Coaxial cable 7/8” or larger canexhibit moding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommended for 5.8GHz radios. For waveguide transmission line at 5.8 GHz, EW-52 waveguide is recommended. EW-63 will also work, but mayexhibit more loss.Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.8 GHzLYNX.sc radios: they may present high loss at 5.8 GHz. Do notuse a low quality N-type jumper cable with the LYNX.sc. Somecable types, such as RG-8, may have high loss at 5.8 GHz.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-213.9 Transmission Line ConnectionThe transmission line feeder (such as LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax cable or EW-52 ellipticalwaveguide) should be prepared first by cutting to the approximate length (allowing some excess)and installing the appropriate connector on the antenna end.The prepared transmission line is then pulled through the cable ducts, trays or conduit (asrequired) to the antenna, while being careful not to kink or damage the transmission line in anyway.The transmission line should be supported in a tray on horizontal runs and by hangers on verticalruns. Hangers should be spaced according to the manufacturer’s instructions (typically every 5feet under conditions of no ice and not greater than 85 mph winds).The transmission line should be grounded using the manufacture’s recommended grounding kit.Grounding kits attach to the outer copper conductor. Grounds must be installed at the antenna,at the bottom of the tower (if applicable) and where the transmission line enters the building.Long transmission line runs should be grounded every 100 feet. In areas of high incidence oflightning, dissipaters should be attached to antennas. In addition, coaxial, in-line, spark-gap type,lightning suppressors should be added at the bottom of the coax cable before entering thebuilding/enclosure.Any in-line lightning protection device must be rated for theoperating frequency of the LYNX.sc (2.4 or 5.8 GHz).After installation, the transmission line is terminated with an N-type male connector/adapterattached at the equipment end. For waveguide, this typically requires a CPR-to-N adapter.Prior to operation, the electrical integrity of the transmission line, including all connectors, can bechecked with a simple DC check between the center conductor and outer conductor. (This isneither possible, nor required for waveguide).The transmission line should ideally be connected directly to the antenna at one end and to theLYNX.sc antenna port at the other end. However, short RG-214 type pigtail jumper cables maybe required to avoid sharp bends in the transmission line to limit stress on either connection.7/8 inch coax cable or larger is not recommended for use at5.8 GHz and higher frequencies.Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.8 GHzLYNX.sc radios: they may present high loss at 5.8 GHz. Do notuse a low quality N-type jumper cable with the LYNX.sc. Somecable types, such as RG-8, may have too high a loss at 5.8GHz.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-22 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.10 Antenna Installation & AlignmentThe antenna installation consists of mounting the antenna on the tower, building roof, or otherlocation that provides line-of-sight path clearance to the far-end location. In general, antennassmaller than 2 feet diameter are not recommended for urban areas due to their widerbeamwidths, which results in higher interference susceptibility. For 2.4 GHz LYNX.sc radios, aminimum of 4 foot (1.2m) diameter antennas, or larger, are recommended.Antennas should be ordered with a suitable mounting kit specific to the site requirements. Forexample, specifying round or angle tower leg adapters, or a roof tripod as necessary.If the antenna is to be mounted indoors, "looking" through a window, it is recommended that theantenna be placed approximately 12 inches away from the glass and within 10 degrees of a rightangle to the glass. The glass should be lead-free or very low-lead content type and avoid anymetallic glass coatings for best results.The antenna must be very rigidly mounted, with adequate room for azimuth and elevationadjustment.The antenna polarization must be the same at both ends of the link, either vertical or horizontal.In general, antenna mountings require a support pipe to which upper and lower support bracketsare attached with “U” bolts. The antenna and optional elevation and azimuth adjustment rods arethen mounted onto the support brackets. The whole structure must be adequately grounded forlightning protection. The antenna system must always be installed according to themanufacturer’s instructions.Unless special test equipment is available, two operating LYNX.sc terminals are required to alignthe antennas. Alternatively, a CW generator may be used to transmit a signal toward the endunder alignment.The antenna is coarse aligned using visual sighting and then fine aligned using the receive signallevel (RSL) voltage of the LYNX.sc.The RSL voltage reading can still be used to peak antennaseven if the radios have not synchronized, however far-endRSL cannot be measured from the near-end terminal untilradios are synchronized.To coarse align the antenna, first set it for flat elevation (no up or down tilt) using a spirit level.Then point it at a heading marker obtained using a compass back-bearing from an adjacentlocation, (ideally, 100 feet or more away from the antenna).Installer Caution: Antennas used for this device must be fix-mounted onpermanent outdoor structures to provide 5 meters or more separation fromall persons during device operation to comply with FCC RF exposurerequirements. Installers should contact manufacturer for applicable gainand type restrictions to ensure compliance.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-23If a heading marker cannot be set sufficiently far away (for example when on a city building roofor looking through a window) then a rough azimuth setting can be obtained by sighting along theantenna feed.It should be verified that both antennas are on the samepolarization by using the manufacturer’s instructions. Otherwisethe RSL will be approximately 25 to 30 dB below the calculatedlevel.Most antennas will also need fine alignment obtained using an operating link because it is veryimportant to maximize the receive RF signal level at each end of the radio link.Read Section 3.7 before applying DC power to the LYNX.sc radio.Once the coarse alignment has been set-up at both ends, then the link can be powered andsome level of reliable communication established. The voltage at the LYNX.sc front panel RSLtest point should be measured with a DVM to determine the relative receive RF signal level.For the fine alignment, adjusting first the azimuth and then the elevation of the local antenna willmaximize the RSL voltage. Then, the far antenna is aligned in the same way, using the RSLvoltage of its local LYNX.sc radio.When aligning antennas it may be convenient to run two wires from the RSL and ground testpoints to the antenna so that the voltmeter reading is directly visible to the technicians aligningthe antenna. Also, a cellular telephone or two-way radio may be useful for coordinatingalignment activities between both ends of the link. Once the radios are coarse aligned andsynchronized, the built-in orderwire phone service can also be used to coordinate alignmentbetween both ends of the link.An orderwire telephone will provide end-to-end voicecommunications once radios are synchronized. Synchronizationusually can be accomplished by coarse alignment only. Aftersynchronization, the orderwire phones can be used to communicatebetween radio sites for antenna fine alignment. The phoneinterconnect cable can be extended to the antenna when desired.The larger the antenna size, the more critical alignment becomes: for example, with a 2 footdish, the antenna can be moved ±3 degrees off the correct heading before the receive signallevel drops by 3 dB. This compares with a 6-foot dish which may only be moved ±1 degree forthe same degradation.The graph shown in Figure 3-10 shows the typical variation of RSL voltage as the receive signallevel is increased from threshold to a higher level. There is some variation between LYNX.screceivers, but an approximate estimate of the potential RSL value may be made using thisfigure.Use the Factory Test Data Sheet shipped with your LYNX.sc terminal toobtain the best estimate of your RSL.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-24 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSAbove 0 dBm RSL, the receiver may produce errors: however this level is rarely likely to beexceeded. A link budget calculation should be made to calculate the anticipated RSL asdescribed in Section 3.3.3. During anomalous propagation conditions, the RSL may fade but willnot increase up more than 10 dB (except in unusual very long paths which may fade up by 15dB).Antenna alignment should enable the RSL to be peaked to thelevel calculated in the link budget. If the RSL is peaked but isapproximately 20 dB below the calculated level, then it is likelythat the antennas are aligned on a sidelobe of the antenna'sradiated signal. In this case, the antennas should be rotated in awide arc until the main lobe is located. (Other possible causes oflow RSL are path obstructions, loss in connectors, adapters andpigtail jumper cables or different antenna polarization at each endof the link.)Figure 3-10: Typical RSL Voltage versus Received Signal Level (RSL)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-253.11 CEPT-1 (E1) InterfaceConnectionThe CEPT-1 interface connection to the LYNX.sc radio is on the rear panel.Additional external lightning protection devices are recommendedfor the CEPT-1 connections if the radio is installed in an areaprone to lightning.The CEPT-1 connection to the LYNX.sc is at the data interface on the rear of the shelf.Individual BNC connectors are used to interface the line transmit and receive functions. Seventy-five (75) ohm co-axial cables with BNC fittings should be used to connect LYNX.sc to externalequipment.If a balanced 120 ohm connection (RJ45) is required, anoptional balun will provide this interface. If you can not locatethese baluns (balanced/unbalanced) devices, please consultthe factory.The DATA OUT port provides a bipolar signal (positive and negative pulses) referenced toground, with the BNC shield connected to ground.However, the DATA IN port accepts a similar bipolar signal with the BNC shield normally leftOPEN (floating) in order to eliminate any ground loop problems. If desired, the BNC shield onthe DATA IN port may be grounded using the selector switch SW2.Position Description Setting1Grounding Condition Channel 1 0 = Floating1 = Grounded2Grounding Condition Channel 2* 0 = Floating1 = Grounded3Grounding Condition Channel 3* 0 = Floating1 = Grounded4Grounding Condition Channel 4* 0 = Floating1 = Grounded* Where applicableFigure 3-11: CEPT-1 Interface Grounding Switch
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-26 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.12 DIP Switch SettingsA quick reference guide to all DIP switches is provided in Appendix B.DIP switch settings are noted by their position, either up (1), or down (0),not by on/off as may be printed on the DIP switch assembly.3.12.1 Channel SelectionThe LYNX.sc radio offers several frequencies of operation except for the 2.4 GHz 2xT1 and the5.8 GHz 4xT1 models (see Section 3.5).There are DIP switch segments (typical numbers 5through 8 on SW3) which define the frequency channel plan of the LYNX.sc radio (refer toAppendix B). The DIP switches must be set to match the filter assembly that is mounted on theradio. For single and double capacity models, positions 5,6 and 7 define the frequency channelplan of the radio (e.g. A, B, C), the last DIP switch defines the transmit channel of the radio (e.g.A1 or A2).Radios are shipped from the factory with their DIP switch segments set to match the installedfilter. In most cases, no modification of these switches is required.` Also, there are labels on theRF filter illustrating the correct DIP switch settings. One label is right side up and the other isupside down. Set the DIP switch settings for the label that is right side up. If a new filter isinstalled, or the existing filter is rotated for opposite channel configuration (e.g. A1 to A2), resetthe DIP switches to match the right side up label on the filter. Refer to Section 4.2 for moreinformation.The radio channel selection is user adjustable by removing and replacing, or reversing the filterassembly. This allows units of the same radio model to be used as spares for several channels.For example, if a network of LYNX.sc radios has several radios using all three E1 channel plansat 5.8 GHz, a single spare unit of any channel plan can be used to spare all the radios. If a radiofailure were to occur in the network, the filter assembly of the failed unit would be removed andreplace the filter assembly in the spare radio. The DIP switch segments on the spare may needto change to match the installed filter and the spare radio could be put into service.The DIP switch setting must match the filter assembly mounted on theradio. Also, both radios of a link must have opposite channel plans(e.g. A1 and A2).Consult Section 4.2 of this manual for more information on changingRF channels. Consult Appendix B for proper frequency channel switchsettings.Other NON-standard frequency plans may be offered in the future. Inthese cases, follow the DIP switch setting on the filter label.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-273.12.2 Loopback Test Signal SelectionThe LYNX.sc radio allows loopback operation using an internally generated test signal or usingan externally generated test signal. A single DIP switch segment on SW1 as shown in Figure 3-12, allows the operator to select the use of either the internal or an external test signal. Thefactory setting for loopback mode is internal.Figure 3-12: Loopback Mode Selection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-28 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.12.3 Spreading Code SelectionThe spreading code is the pseudo-random chip sequence that is mixed with the data to producethe spread spectrum signal. The spreading code is generated by the LYNX.sc radio internally.Different codes can be selected using the DIP switches on the LYNX.sc radio rear panel.The spreading code must be the same for both ends of a radiolink.The spreading code has no effect with the Model 31850 (4xE1)3-channel LYNX.sc.Spreading codes are all set in the factory to code 1. Should the code need to be changed, thenboth ends of the link must be changed.Changing the spreading code is an out-of-service adjustment. There are two DIP switchsegments on SW3 located on the rear panel which select the spreading codes. See Figure 3-13for DIP switch segment settings.Figure 3-13: Spreading Code Selection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-293.12.4 Input Alarm (Data Loss) Enable/DisableThe LYNX.sc radio provides a capability to enable or disable input alarms (Data Loss). On thefront panel and over the alarm and diagnostic interfaces, an alarm condition is normallygenerated if there is no input data signal (E1) to the radio. For example, in the case of the doubleE1 capacity model, the radio may have been installed in a location only requiring one E1 signalfor traffic while the second E1 channel has been left idle (for future planned expansion). In thiscase, it may be desirable to disable the input alarm to the second channel so that local andremote alarms are not regularly generated by the (known) lack of this data input. When thenetwork is later expanded to include traffic on the second E1, this switch can be set to enable theinput data alarm condition. See Figure 3-14 for DIP switch segment settings for the 4xE1 model.Refer to appendix B for all models.When a DATA LOSS alarm condition occurs, the LYNX.scradio will inject AIS into the incoming data stream, even if theinput alarm has been disabled.1xE1 and 2xE1 Models:On SW1, switch segment(s) 1 (and 2) apply to channels 1 and 2 respectively.4xE1 Model:On SW3, switch segment 3 applies to Channel 3 input while switch segment 4 applies toChannel 4 input.Figure 3-14: Input Alarm Disable Switch
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-30 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.12.5 AIS Enable/DisableAIS (Alarm Indication Signal) is the blue code (all 1’s) that keeps the digital line interface activeunder data loss conditions. AIS is required by certain equipment to maintain synchronization (forexample, it is required on all leased line circuits). However, it is not required by all equipment(for example, a CSU/DSU will initiate its own blue code to the line under data loss conditions).Under test conditions, when measuring receive threshold, for example, it may be necessary, todisable AIS to facilitate BER measurement.There is a user selectable DIP switch segment on the rear panel of the LYNX.sc radio thatincludes selection of the AIS function (on/off) at the receiver line output. When the AIS isselected (on), the CEPT-1 signal will send blue code to the line when the received BER exceeds1 x 10-3. This function is similar to a data “mute” function. When the AIS is disabled (off), noinsertion of data will take place unless an RX SYNC alarm condition occurs. Refer to Figure 3-15for DIP switch segment information.The standard factory setting is to have the demodulator AIS alarm selected ON because itprevents a severely errored signal (possibly unsynchronized) from being sent out to the line.It is recommended that AIS be selected ON for normal operation.It is recommended that AIS be selected OFF for measuring BERat threshold.This DIP switch does not affect AIS injection into thetransmitted data stream upon a DATA LOSS condition.Figure 3-15: AIS Switch
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-313.13 System Turn-up to Service1. Prior to installing the system, it may be desirable to perform a back-to-back test of theLYNX.sc radio pair. Consult Section 4.9 for further details. Back-to-back testing is a simpleway to verify that the LYNX.sc radios are fully operational before they are installed.Installation adds several variables (such as antenna alignment) which can lead to systemturn-up delays. Also, during back-to-back testing, the DIP switch settings and someconnections can be tested. This step can eliminate a majority of troubleshooting once theradios are installed.A cellular phone or two-way radio system (walkie talkie, CB,mobile radio) can be very useful during installation. Thesecan be used for temporary near-end and far-endcommunications between the installation personnel at onesite and installation personnel at the other site whileinstalling the system. These can also be helpful forcommunication between a person at the top of a very talltower and ground personnel.The LYNX.sc radio incorporates an internal Orderwirefeature that provides end-to-end “telephone” stylecommunications. However, the link must be partiallyoperational to use this feature. In lieu of, or in addition to theuse of cellular phones or two-way radio, this Orderwirefeature can also be very useful for installation, but typicallycannot be put into service until step 8 or 9 of this procedureis completed. See Section 3.14.1 for more details.2. Perform a general alignment of the antennas on both ends of the path using binoculars,compass or other related tools. It is important to have the antennas aligned as accuratelyas possible before putting radio traffic over the link. This will help in getting the systemrunning more rapidly. See Section 3.10 for more details.3. Connect the transmission line to the antenna, and feed it to the LYNX.sc radio location(see Section 3.9). Connect the opposite end of the transmission line to the N-type femaleconnector located on the filter assembly which occupies the top half of the LYNX.sc rearpanel. The connection must be terminated into an antenna or a load before DC power isapplied to the radio.4. Verify that DIP switch settings for frequency channel selection match that of the filterthat is installed on the rear of the radio. Consult 3.12.1 for further details. The far-endradio must have the same channel plan (e.g. A, B, C) as the near-end radio, and theopposite Tx and Rx frequencies (e.g. A1 and A2 make up a matched pair of radios).5. Verify that the DIP switch settings for spreading code are the same for both ends of theradio link (see Section 3.12.3).6. With the DC power source active, but not plugged into the LYNX.sc radio, using avoltmeter, confirm that the DC mating connector has the proper power connections inaccordance with Section 3.7. Verify the polarity and the absolute voltage on all pins.Verify ground connection for power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-32 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS7. Connect power to the LYNX.sc radio. Verify that the Front Panel “ON” LED indication isilluminated. This confirms that power has been properly applied.Ensure that the RF Antenna port connection is properlyterminated before applying power to the LYNX.sc terminal, asin step 3.When the LYNX.sc radio is initially powered-on, some alarmconditions may be present. This is normal and alarms can beignored at this time.8. Place a voltmeter across the GND and PWR front panel test points. See Figure 3-16 and3-17 for voltage setting information and Table 3-C for typical output power levels forgiven cable lengths where EIRP limits apply. If necessary, use a small screwdriver at thefront panel receptacle to adjust the output power of the local transmitter in accordancewith the path analysis calculations. The recessed potentiometer is rotated clockwise toincrease transmit output power and counter clockwise to decrease transmit output power.After verifying correct setting of the transmit output power, disconnect the voltmeter.Place the cover cap found in the installation accessory kit over the front panelreceptacle.The LYNX.sc radio requires professional installation. With someLYNX.sc models, in certain countries, there may be EffectiveIsotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) limits which dictate themaximum output power that the LYNX.sc radio can transmitgiven the transmission line loss and the gain of the antenna.Consult with appropriate government agencies or WesternMultiplex if there is any question regarding maximum outputpower allowed.In the USA, 5.8 GHz models may be operated at full power. 2.4GHz models may require a power reduction of 1 dB from +30dBm input power, as measured at the antenna feed, for every 3dB that the antenna gain exceeds +6 dB. See Section 3.3.3 andTables 3-C or 3-D for more details.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-33Figure 3-16: Typical RF Output Power versus PWR Voltage, 2.4 GHz ModelsUse the LYNX.sc Factory Test Data sheet to determine moreprecisely the voltage corresponding to the RF output power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-34 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-17: Typical RF Output Power versus PWR Voltage, 5.8 GHz ModelsUse the LYNX.sc Factory Test Data sheet to determine moreprecisely the voltage corresponding to the RF output power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-35For precision measurement of transmit output power, it is bestto connect an RF power meter to the antenna port. The PWRport voltage may not provide enough precision. This isespecially important where EIRP limits apply to the installation.In cases of no EIRP limits, the radio transmitter output powercan be adjusted to maximum for installation, except for veryshort paths using very high gain antennas, where excessivepower may not be advised.Don’t forget that the RF output port should be terminated at alltimes when power is applied to the LYNX.sc radio. Therefore,disconnect power to the radio before connecting a power meterand reapply power once connected. Often, an RF power metermay have a limit to the input power that it can measure withoutdamage. It is advised to place a calibrated fixed value RFattenuator (typically 20 dB or more) between the LYNX.sc radioand the power meter to assure proper operation and safety forthe RF power meter. The value of this fixed attenuation canthen be added to the value of the RF power meter reading toobtain the actual LYNX.sc radio transmitter output power.9. Connect a voltmeter across the GND and RSL front panel test points. This voltagereading corresponds to the Received Signal Level (RSL) of the near-end radio. In otherwords, RSL is the “amount” of signal the near-end radio is receiving from the far-endradio. Since the antennas have not been finely aligned, it is not expected at this time thatthe RSL will read very high. However, at this point it can be verified that somecommunication is taking place between the two LYNX.sc terminals. Use the RSL voltagereading to align the antennas. Align one antenna at a time in accordance with Section3.10. Complete alignment of both ends of the radio link before going further.The RSL voltage output on the radio's front panel will output avoltage range over the full receiving capability of the radio(approximately 10 VDC at 0 dBm to 0.0 VDC at threshold).The LYNX.sc radio has a unique feature of allowing measurement of the far-end RSL from thenear-end radio. This is only possible if the LYNX.sc radios are communicating (the RSL is abovethreshold). The far-end RSL can be used to verify that adjustments to local antenna alignmentare corresponding to the far-end radio reception. Far-end RSL is measured by pressing andholding the DISPLAY FAR END front panel button. While this button is held, the RSL voltageindicates the RSL of the far-end radio. RSL of both ends should be verified to be withinapproximately 2 dB of predicted value (see Section 3.3.3). There are several factors that cancontribute to low RSL:-Incorrect antenna alignment (aligned on a lobe and not on the main signal)-Improper polarization alignment of antennas (horizontal vs. vertical)-Transmission line problems (loose connections, bent or damaged cables, lossyadapters)-Path obstructions (trees, buildings, hills, etc.)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-36 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS-Path clearance (line-of-sight, earth curvature, Fresnel zone, diffraction and partialobstruction)-Weather (inversion layers, ducting and multipath)-Antenna feed (coaxial/connector) problemThe LYNX.sc radio requires professional installation. Don’tforget that the transmitter output power adjustment on theLYNX.sc radio effects the RSL. Depending on EIRP limits (ifany), path distance, and antenna gain, you may need toadjust the output transmit power to the proper level beforeputting the radios in service.If radio synchronization has been established, the radio linkmay be able to provide some limited communications over thelink. It can be helpful to establish voice communications fromone end of the radio link to the other using the Orderwirefeature of the LYNX.sc radio. See Section 3.14.1 for details.If RSL is lower than anticipated, recheck the path clearance and transmission line as these arethe typical causes of low RSL. Radio operations can be verified by connecting radios back-to-back with attenuators (40-60 dB), (see Section 4.9). If the problem remains, consult Section 4 ofthis manual for troubleshooting techniques which will help determine the source of the problem.10. Once RSL is verified to be near the predicted value, the radio link is ready for data. Youmay verify error-free operation by using the loopback function, as described in Section3.13.2 or BER testing, as described in Section 4.10. If the link is not error-free, seeSection 4.7 for troubleshooting guidelines.11. Once radio performance is verified and acceptable, with loopback mode turned off(press the ENABLE button, the LED will turn off), the LYNX.sc radios can now be put intoservice with the intended E1 traffic. Connect the E1 signal to the CEPT-1 Interface BNCconnector. Refer to Section 3.11 for configurations of these connections. With E1 trafficapplied in both directions, all front panel LEDs, except for POWER and any unused E1ports, will be off. If LEDs are lit, consult Section 4 of this manual.12. Now that the link is operational, other services can be connected including Orderwire,Diagnostics, Alarms and Aux Data (Service Channel). Consult Section 3.14 for details onthese connections.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-37 TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) . .Feeder Feeder 2.4 GHz, 1/2" Coax 2.4 GHz, 7/8" Coax 5.8 GHz, 1/2" Coax 5.8 GHz, EW52 WaveguideLength Length 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 2' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 2' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' DishMeters Feet3.0 10 9.4 4.9 3.4 9.2 4.7 3.2 7.7 1.7 -1.3 -4.3 7.1 1.1 -1.9 -4.96.1 20 9.8 5.3 3.8 9.4 4.9 3.4 8.3 2.3 -0.7 -3.7 7.3 1.3 -1.7 -4.79.1 30 10.1 5.6 4.1 9.7 5.2 3.7 9.0 3.0 0.0 -3.0 7.4 1.4 -1.6 -4.612.2 40 10.5 6.0 4.5 9.9 5.4 3.9 9.6 3.6 0.6 -2.4 7.5 1.5 -1.5 -4.515.2 50 10.9 6.4 4.9 10.1 5.6 4.1 10.3 4.3 1.3 -1.7 7.7 1.7 -1.3 -4.318.3 60 11.3 6.8 5.3 10.3 5.8 4.3 11.0 5.0 2.0 -1.0 7.8 1.8 -1.2 -4.221.3 70 11.7 7.2 5.7 10.5 6.0 4.5 11.6 5.6 2.6 -0.4 7.9 1.9 -1.1 -4.124.4 80 12.0 7.5 6.0 10.8 6.3 4.8 12.3 6.3 3.3 0.3 8.0 2.0 -1.0 -4.027.4 90 12.4 7.9 6.4 11.0 6.5 5.0 12.9 6.9 3.9 0.9 8.2 2.2 -0.8 -3.830.5 100 12.8 8.3 6.8 11.2 6.7 5.2 13.6 7.6 4.6 1.6 8.3 2.3 -0.7 -3.733.5 110 13.2 8.7 7.2 11.4 6.9 5.4 14.3 8.3 5.3 2.3 8.4 2.4 -0.6 -3.636.6 120 13.6 9.1 7.6 11.6 7.1 5.6 14.9 8.9 5.9 2.9 8.6 2.6 -0.4 -3.439.6 130 13.9 9.4 7.9 11.9 7.4 5.9 15.6 9.6 6.6 3.6 8.7 2.7 -0.3 -3.342.7 140 14.3 9.8 8.3 12.1 7.6 6.1 16.2 10.2 7.2 4.2 8.8 2.8 -0.2 -3.245.7 150 14.7 10.2 8.7 12.3 7.8 6.3 16.9 10.9 7.9 4.9 9.0 3.0 0.0 -3.048.8 160 15.1 10.6 9.1 12.5 8.0 6.5 17.6 11.6 8.6 5.6 9.1 3.1 0.1 -2.951.8 170 15.5 11.0 9.5 12.7 8.2 6.7 18.2 12.2 9.2 6.2 9.2 3.2 0.2 -2.854.9 180 15.8 11.3 9.8 13.0 8.5 7.0 18.9 12.9 9.9 6.9 9.3 3.3 0.3 -2.757.9 190 16.2 11.7 10.2 13.2 8.7 7.2 19.5 13.5 10.5 7.5 9.5 3.5 0.5 -2.561.0 200 16.6 12.1 10.6 13.4 8.9 7.4 20.2 14.2 11.2 8.2 9.6 3.6 0.6 -2.464.0 210 17.0 12.5 11.0 13.6 9.1 7.6 20.9 14.9 11.9 8.9 9.7 3.7 0.7 -2.367.1 220 17.4 12.9 11.4 13.8 9.3 7.8 21.5 15.5 12.5 9.5 9.9 3.9 0.9 -2.170.1 230 17.7 13.2 11.7 14.1 9.6 8.1 22.2 16.2 13.2 10.2 10.0 4.0 1.0 -2.073.2 240 18.1 13.6 12.1 14.3 9.8 8.3 22.8 16.8 13.8 10.8 10.1 4.1 1.1 -1.976.2 250 18.5 14.0 12.5 14.5 10.0 8.5 MAX 17.5 14.5 11.5 10.3 4.3 1.3 -1.779.2 260 18.9 14.4 12.9 14.7 10.2 8.7 MAX 18.2 15.2 12.2 10.4 4.4 1.4 -1.682.3 270 19.3 14.8 13.3 14.9 10.4 8.9 MAX 18.8 15.8 12.8 10.5 4.5 1.5 -1.585.3 280 19.6 15.1 13.6 15.2 10.7 9.2 MAX 19.5 16.5 13.5 10.6 4.6 1.6 -1.488.4 290 20.0 15.5 14.0 15.4 10.9 9.4 MAX 20.1 17.1 14.1 10.8 4.8 1.8 -1.291.4 300 20.4 15.9 14.4 15.6 11.1 9.6 MAX 20.8 17.8 14.8 10.9 4.9 1.9 -1.194.5 310 20.8 16.3 14.8 15.8 11.3 9.8 MAX 21.5 18.5 15.5 11.0 5.0 2.0 -1.097.5 320 21.2 16.7 15.2 16.0 11.5 10.0 MAX 22.1 19.1 16.1 11.2 5.2 2.2 -0.8100.6 330 21.5 17.0 15.5 16.3 11.8 10.3 MAX 22.8 19.8 16.8 11.3 5.3 2.3 -0.7103.6 340 21.9 17.4 15.9 16.5 12.0 10.5 MAX MAX 20.4 17.4 11.4 5.4 2.4 -0.6106.7 350 22.3 17.8 16.3 16.7 12.2 10.7 MAX MAX 21.1 18.1 11.6 5.6 2.6 -0.4109.7 360 22.7 18.2 16.7 16.9 12.4 10.9 MAX MAX 21.8 18.8 11.7 5.7 2.7 -0.3112.8 370 23.1 18.6 17.1 17.1 12.6 11.1 MAX MAX 22.4 19.4 11.8 5.8 2.8 -0.2115.8 380 23.4 18.9 17.4 17.4 12.9 11.4 MAX MAX MAX 20.1 11.9 5.9 2.9 -0.1118.9 390 23.8 19.3 17.8 17.6 13.1 11.6 MAX MAX MAX 20.7 12.1 6.1 3.1 0.1121.9 400 24.2 19.7 18.2 17.8 13.3 11.8 MAX MAX MAX 21.4 12.2 6.2 3.2 0.2Table 3-C: Transmitter Output Power Adjustment, +6 dBW EIRP Installations(Such as Canada)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-38 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFeeder Feeder TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm)Length Length 2.4 GHz, 1/2" Coax 2.4 GHz, 7/8" CoaxMeters Feet 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish 4' Dish 6' Dish 8' Dish3.0 10 23.4 22.0 21.2 23.2 21.9 21.16.1 20 23.8 22.4 21.6 23.5 22.1 21.39.1 30 24.1 22.8 22.0 23.7 22.4 21.512.2 40 24.5 23.2 22.4 23.9 22.6 21.815.2 50 24.9 23.6 22.7 24.2 22.8 22.018.3 60 25.3 23.9 23.1 24.4 23.0 22.221.3 70 25.7 24.3 23.5 24.6 23.3 22.424.4 80 26.0 24.7 23.9 24.8 23.5 22.727.4 90 26.4 25.1 24.3 25.1 23.7 22.930.5 100 26.8 25.5 24.6 25.3 24.0 23.133.5 110 27.2 25.8 25.0 25.5 24.2 23.436.6 120 27.6 26.2 25.4 25.8 24.4 23.639.6 130 27.9 26.6 25.8 26.0 24.7 23.842.7 140 28.3 27.0 26.2 26.2 24.9 24.145.7 150 28.7 27.4 26.5 26.5 25.1 24.348.8 160 29.1 27.7 26.9 26.7 25.3 24.551.8 170 29.5 28.1 27.3 26.9 25.6 24.754.9 180 29.8 28.5 27.7 27.1 25.8 25.057.9 190 MAX 28.9 28.1 27.4 26.0 25.261.0 200 MAX 29.3 28.4 27.6 26.3 25.464.0 210 MAX 29.6 28.8 27.8 26.5 25.767.1 220 MAX MAX 29.2 28.1 26.7 25.970.1 230 MAX MAX 29.6 28.3 27.0 26.173.2 240 MAX MAX MAX 28.5 27.2 26.476.2 250 MAX MAX MAX 28.8 27.4 26.679.2 260 MAX MAX MAX 29.0 27.6 26.882.3 270 MAX MAX MAX 29.2 27.9 27.085.3 280 MAX MAX MAX 29.4 28.1 27.388.4 290 MAX MAX MAX 29.7 28.3 27.591.4 300 MAX MAX MAX 29.9 28.6 27.794.5 310 MAX MAX MAX MAX 28.8 28.097.5 320 MAX MAX MAX MAX 29.0 28.2100.6 330 MAX MAX MAX MAX 29.3 28.4103.6 340 MAX MAX MAX MAX 29.5 28.7106.7 350 MAX MAX MAX MAX 29.7 28.9109.7 360 MAX MAX MAX MAX 29.9 29.1112.8 370 MAX MAX MAX MAX MAX 29.3115.8 380 MAX MAX MAX MAX MAX 29.6118.9 390 MAX MAX MAX MAX MAX 29.8121.9 400 MAX MAX MAX MAX MAX 30.0Table 3-D: Transmitter Output Power Adjustment for 2.4 GHz, USA Installations
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-393.13.1 Output Power AdjustmentThe LYNX.sc radio requires professional installation. In certain cases, it is necessary to adjustthe output power from the factory setting, for example:vto meet EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) limits, such as +6 dBW in Canada.vto meet transmitter output limits in the 2.4 GHz band for USA installations.vto avoid exceeding the maximum far-end RSL of 0 dBm.vto coordinate a hub or repeater location.To ensure maximum protection of the radio circuits, alwaysensure the antenna connector is terminated when power isapplied.For precise measurement of transmitter power, a calibrated RF power meter (such as the HP435B with Power Sensor HP8481) is recommended. This power sensor can be connecteddirectly to the output of the radio without exceeding the power rating. With some power meters, itmay be necessary to place a calibrated in-line fixed attenuator between the radio antenna portand the power meter so as to not exceed the power meter’s maximum input level. Thrulinepower meters do not operate at LYNX.sc RF frequencies.If adjusting the output power to meet an EIRP limit, it will be first necessary to calculate theoverall system gains and losses, including feeder losses for the type of transmission line installedand the antenna gain. Also refer to Table 3-C or 3-D for transmitter output power settings whereinstalled with various transmission line lengths and antenna sizes. You may determine the radiotransmit power for EIRP limited installations by the following equation:Tx Power (dBm) = EIRP Limit(dBm) + Feeder Loss(dB) - Antenna Gain(dB)In the USA, 2.4 GHz models have an output limit which is determined by:Tx Power (dBm) = 30 - [(Antenna Gain - 6)/ 3] + Feeder LossOutput power may be adjusted using a small screwdriver and rotating the potentiometer which isrecessed behind the front panel. Clockwise rotation increases output power while counter-clockwise rotation decreases output power.In lieu of a calibrated RF power meter, the PWR test port voltage can be used to estimate theoutput power. Figures 3-16 & 3-17 illustrate the voltage reading for various output power levels.The factory test data sheet should be used to establish a more precise setting of this adjustment.After setting the correct output power, place the cover capfound in the installation accessory kit over the front panelreceptacle.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-40 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.13.2 Loopback/BER TestingWhen a pair of LYNX.sc radios are installed and communicating with each other, a loopback orBER test can be performed to evaluate the link performance.The LYNX.sc uses an internal test signal for loopback. Alternatively, an external test signal canbe injected, as described in Section 3.12.4. Any E1 test pattern may be used to makemeasurements at one end of the link, provided the test sequence contains adequate 1’s density,which is no more than 15 consecutive zeros.A 215-1, QRSS or 3 in 24 test may be used. However a 223-1test will violate the 1’s density requirement.To loop around the far-end radio, press ENABLE and hold for approximately 3 seconds. thenrelease the Loopback ENABLE button on the front panel of the near-end radio. The ENABLELED should now be blinking.If the ENABLE loopback button LED is illuminated and notblinking, this means the far-end radio has initiated loopback(either manually or through the DIAGNOSTICS port).When loopback is enabled using the internal test signal, the ERROR LED should not illuminate ifthe path is operating error-free. If the ERROR LED illuminates, this means that at least one biterror has occurred.The DATA LOSS LED will illuminate if the external test signal mode has been selected (seeSection 3.12.4) and there is no external test signal present at any of the CEPT-1 ports. Whenusing external test mode and an external test signal, the ERROR LED function does not apply. Inexternal test mode the ERROR LED will not illuminate, even when errors are present.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-41An external BER test set is required for statistical BER analysis. Disconnect all external CEPT-1signals and connect the BER test set to the input and output BNC connectors. Select externaltest mode (see Section 3.12.2) and initiate loopback using the ENABLE loopback button. Nowthe BER test can be initiated. Section 4.10 describes BER testing in more detail.Loopback may be turned off at either end of the link by simplypressing the ENABLE button at either end.If two BER test sets are used to measure the link performance(one at each end) separately in each direction, frame slips willoccur unless the BER test sets are synchronized with one testset as the master and the other as the slave.For multiple capacity radio models, repeat all operations for theother channels if desired.For multiple capacity radio models, only one loopback channelmay be used at any one time. Loopback cannot be performedon more than one channel.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-42 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.13.3 Error LED Mode SelectionThe ERROR LED illuminates if any errors are present in the data stream during loopback. ThisLED is only functional when using the internal test signal.The default mode for this LED is “latched.” That is, when a single error occurs, the LEDilluminates and stays lit until loopback is turned off. This mode is especially useful for long term(overnight) testing, or any time that an operator is not watching the radio during loopback testing.There is an optional mode for this LED which is “unlatched.” This allows the user to “view” theerror rate. In this mode, the LED will flash on each time a single or multiple error occurs. TheLED turns off if no further errors occur. This mode can be useful if a BER test set is not availableand the user wishes to determine the nature of any error conditions (bursting, dribbling,occasional).In “unlatched” mode, when any errors occur, the ERROR LED will illuminate for a minimum ofone second. If errors continue within this one second interval, the LED will remain on until thereare no errors for 1 second.The two modes for this LED are selected by a rear panel DIP switch, as shown in Figure 3-18.Figure 3-18: Error LED Mode SelectionIn the LED unlatch mode, after 100 errors the ERROR LEDwill remain lit to indicate excessive errors.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-433.14 Additional ConnectionsThere are additional customer connections which are optional and are not required to make theLYNX.sc operational but may prove useful.3.14.1 Orderwire Connection and Address SelectionOrderwire is a “telephone” type wayside service which allows users of the LYNX.sc radio toestablish voice communications from one radio to another, either directly to the companion far-end, or through a repeater configuration, or several repeater configurations.Telephone connection specifications:REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq.Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)This Orderwire service does not affect the normal radio transmission of E1 traffic. Refer toSection 2.3.5 for the telephone specifications. For simple near-end to far-end communications,follow the steps below:1. Using a small screwdriver, set the address of both terminals by rotating the address rotaryselection switches on the rear panel of the LYNX.sc radio. The address is a two digit number(from 01 to 99). Each LYNX.sc terminal in the network should have a unique address. Thisaddress acts like a “phone number” for other users to call a particular terminal. EachLYNX.sc terminal should have a unique address.Radio pairs (links) are shipped from the factory with addresses set to01 or 02. Therefore, if only one pair is being used, address selectionmay not be necessary. Also, in a connected spur network, it may bedesirable to maintain orderwire telephone addresses between 01 and08 because the address doubles as the NMS/TBOS net addresswhich is limited to the addresses 01 through 08 (see Section 3.14.3for more information).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-44 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-19: RJ-11 Orderwire Telephone Connection2. Using a standard RJ-11 telephone cable, connect a standard electronic telephone (atouch tone phone, complete with dialer; a handset by itself will not work) to the Orderwireconnector on the LYNX.sc front panel. This connector is wired identically to a standardtwo-wire telephone jack, see Figure 3-19 for details.3. With a telephone connected to each LYNX.sc terminal on opposite ends of the link,either telephone can be used to “dial-up” the far-end location. Simply pick up the handsetof the near-end telephone and dial the two-digit address of the far-end LYNX.sc terminal.The far-end terminal’s internal ringer and the connected telephone will ring, and ifanswered, two-way full-duplex voice communication is established.If using the Orderwire or Network management functions, allLYNX.sc radios connected must have unique address settings(telephone numbers).The orderwire address is set by two rotary switches on the rearpanel of the LYNX.sc radio. Use as small screwdriver to selectthe orderwire address (01 through 99).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-454. If the LYNX.sc radios are connected in a repeater configuration, Orderwire services can beestablished to all LYNX.sc terminals in the network by implementing a connection of theirrear-panel connectors between repeater terminals. At the repeater site, a cable can beconnected to the two LYNX.sc terminals between their rear panel VF 25-pin connectors asshown in Figure 3-20. With this cable in place, the Orderwire function will operate atterminals at each end of the repeater and at the repeater site. This function can be continuedthrough several repeater sites if desired. For hub connections of 3 or more LYNX.sc radios atthe same site, an external 4-wire bridge is required to connect all radios to the orderwire.The orderwire system can be integrated with orderwireequipment supported by many other vendors. If your existingorderwire network uses 2 digit addressing, and 0 dBm VFinterface, it can be connected to a LYNX.sc as shown in Figure3-20.Dialing a V (star key) on the orderwire telephone implements an “all call”feature which rings all connected radios. Also, if a phone anywhere inthe connected network has accidentally been left off-hook, the # (poundkey) key can be used to mute all off-hook handsets until they are placedon and off hook again.The orderwire operates like a “party line”. All telephones providecommunication to all other telephones in the connected network. Even ifa particular telephone does not ring, it can still be used to talk and listento any ongoing orderwire activity if the orderwire is in use at otherterminal locations.Figure 3-20: VF Port ConnectionVF Connector OrderWireConnection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-46 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.14.2 Alarm ConnectionsExternal alarm outputs are provided at the 25-pin, D-type subminiature ALARM connector. Thereare two Form C summary alarm relays capable of switching 30 VDC at 1 A. Also, individualalarm logic outputs capable of sourcing and sinking 1mA are provided. These individual alarmsinterface to a single standard TTL load. When the unit is IN ALARM = “0”, the TTL output is 0 Vto ±0.5 V. When the unit is NO ALARM = “1”, the TTL output is +3.5 V to +5.5 V. See Table 3-Eand Figure 3-21 for Alarm Connections.The “summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any near-end front panel LED alarmcondition, including if the loopback mode is enabled.The “out-of-service summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any of the following alarmconditions:vRX SYNCvRadio FailvLoopback EnabledFigure 3-21: Pin Connections, ALARM Interface
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-47PIN 2 DATA LOSS (1 or 1&2) - in alarm if noincoming data is received into the transmitterfor channel 1 (for the 4xE1 model, includeschannel 2). Data Loss is activated when theinput signal drops below 0.97 volts for 175 bitintervals and is deactivated as soon as theinput signal level rises above 0.97 volts. Radiotransmits AIS to the far-end if in alarm. Thisalarm may be disabled by DIP switch selection(see Section 3.12.4).PIN 16 NC, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normallyclosed connection on summary alarm relay.PIN 4 DATA LOSS (2 or 3&4) – use essentially thesame description as Data Loss (1 or 1&2), forchannel 2 (for the 4xE1 model, channels 3&4).PIN 17 NO, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - normally open connection on out-of-service summary alarm relay. Closed when inalarm.PIN 6 BER - in alarm when the received signal isdegraded to an error rate above radio threshold(approximately 1 x 10-6)PIN 18 C, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - common connection for the out-of-service summary alarm relay.PIN 8 AIS OUT - in alarm when the BER exceeds 1 x10-3 for the received signal, or when there is anRX SYNC alarm condition. Near-end radioCEPT-1 line output has AIS when in alarm.This alarm may be disabled as described inSection 3.12.5.PIN 19 NC, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - normally closed connection on out-of-service summary alarm relay. Open when inalarm.PIN 10 FAN - in alarm when one or both of the internalfans are not operative. PIN 21 NOT USEDPIN 12 FAR-END - in alarm when the far-end radiohas an alarm condition. PIN 22 NOT USEDPIN 14 NO, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normallyopen connection on summary alarm relay.Closed when in alarm.PIN 24 TX PWR MON - voltage equal to the TX PWRfront panel voltage.PIN 15 C, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - commonconnection on the summary alarm relay. PIN 25 RSL MON - voltage equal to the RSL frontpanel voltage. Equals far-end RSL if DISPLAYFAR END button is pressed and held.PINS 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 20, & 23 GROUND, CHASSIS CONNECTIONTable 3-E: Alarm Interface ConnectionsAll alarms are active for a minimum of one second, or as longas the alarm condition persists, which ever is longer.TTL signals are “in alarm” when there is a TTL zero condition(0 V to ± 0.5 V).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-48 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.14.3 Diagnostics Port OperationThe Diagnostics Port is used to retrieve diagnostic or network management information aboutthe LYNX.sc radios by means of a computer connection. This can be accomplished locally orremotely. Remote diagnostic port connections require either a modem (not included) connectionbe made to the serial port, when a local dial-up phone line is available at a radio site, or bymeans of direct connection through the AUX DATA port (Service Channel). The use of the AUXDATA channel can provide a “network management” port where serial interface data is availablefrom all LYNX.sc radios in a network, provided that they are configured properly for this type ofoperation. (This section and Section 3.14.4 describe this further).The diagnostics port allows connection of either EIA standard RS-232 or RS-422 devices to polland receive status of the LYNX.sc radio. This serial port provides similar information to thatwhich is normally available to a local operator by means of visual alarms and status (front panelLEDs, ADDRESS, DIP switch settings etc.), including voltage level measurements (such as RSL,PWR) and alarm port (see Section 3.14.2) status. The diagnostics port can also provideextended information including some advanced diagnostics and configuration information. Anyinformation that is available on the far-end terminal is also available at the near-end Diagnosticsport (such as far-end RSL, far-end alarms) by means of bridging the AUX DATA port (asdescribed in Section 3.14.4). A DIP switch is used to define the command protocol for this portas shown in Figure 3-22. The default setting is for TBOS commands (as described later in thissection). The other setting is for factory use only.Figure 3-22: Diagnostic Port Protocol SelectionSW1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-493.14.3.1 Diagnostics Port using RS-232For RS-232 diagnostics connection to the LYNX.sc radio, connect the serial device (modem,computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-23.Figure 3-23: RS-232 Diagnostic Port ConnectionsPins 6 through 9 must not be connected for RS-232communications to operate properly.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-50 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.14.3.2 Diagnostics Port using RS-422For RS-422 Diagnostics connection to the LYNX.sc radio, connect to the serial device (modem,computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-24.Figure 3-24: RS-422 Diagnostic Port ConnectionsDo not connect devices to both the RS-232 and RS-422connections of the Diagnostics Port. This will cause dataconflicts that will result in errors over the interface.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-513.14.3.3 TBOS Protocol and MapThe diagnostics port is configured for an open industry standard protocol, called Telemetry ByteOriented Serial (TBOS). TBOS is a poll and response protocol that operates on a RS-422 4-wireinterface, one pair for transmit data (requests) to the radio, and one pair for receive data(responses) from the radio. TBOS is asynchronous, serial, half duplex transmissions of ASCIIwords which consist of one start bit, 8 data bits, odd parity and two stop bits at 1200 baud. Theconnected terminal (remote or local) can poll the radio and determine status of the connectedLYNX.sc radio. The LYNX.sc is also able to communicate TBOS commands over the RS-232connections, instead of the RS-422 connections if desired.TBOS operates with a bit-map structure where each bit that the connected LYNX.sc radio sendsto the TBOS terminal has a specific meaning with regard to status, alarms or controls. All TBOSnetwork elements require a map for the network management software to interpret theirresponses to queries from the terminal. Table 3-F provides the TBOS map for the E1 LYNX.scradios.The near-end RSL and Tx power test point voltages are encoded as 8 bit words that can beconverted into reference voltages (the same as at the front panel of the radio.The address of the radio (see Section 3.14.1) serves as the “display” page number for the TBOSdata. Since TBOS is limited to eight (8) displays of data, it is required that addresses of 01through 08 be used for LYNX.sc radios in TBOS networks. Any radio with addresses other than01 through 08 will not report to the TBOS bit-map. In order to view status displays of far-endradios, or other radios in the connected network, the AUX DATA port must be in Bridge (default)mode as described in Section 3.14.4.Alarm points within the TBOS map behave like the radio frontand rear panel alarms. If DIP switches have been set to disablealarms, the alarms are disabled within the TBOS map.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-52 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSByte Point Bit Type*Scan Point Definition Control Point Definition Notes1 7 SModel ID MSB 0011 = 2.4 GHz E1 (Model 31500)2 6 SModel ID LSB+2 0100 = 5.8 GHz E1 (Model 31400)3 5 SModel ID LSB+1 0101 = 5.8 GHz 2xE1 (Model 31700)14 4 SModel ID LSB 1100 = 5.8 GHz 4xE1 (Model 31850)5 3 N/A Future Use6 2 SChannel Plan ID MSB SW3 pos 6 00=A, 01=B, 10=C7 1 SChannel Plan ID LSB SW3 pos 7 Defaulted to 00 (A) for Model 318008 0 SChannel Plan Tx High/Low SW3 pos 8 (1 = Tx High, i.e. A2, B2, C2)9 7 ARadio Fail Alarm Equal to F/P alarm10 6 AAIS Out Alarm Equal to F/P alarm11 5 AFan Alarm Equal to F/P alarm212 4 ARx Sync Alarm Equal to F/P alarm13 3 ALoopback Error Alarm Equal to F/P alarm14 2 ABER Alarm Equal to F/P alarm15 1 AFar-End Alarm Equal to F/P alarm16 0 ATelemetry Down Alarm Equal to F/P alarm17 7 AData Loss Ch1 Alarm Equal to F/P alarm18 6 AData Loss Ch2 Alarm Equal to F/P alarm, where applicable19 5 AData Loss Ch3 Alarm Equal to F/P alarm, where applicable320 4 AData Loss Ch4 Alarm Equal to F/P alarm, where applicable21 3 SData Loss Ch1 Alarm Disabled SW1 pos 122 2 SData Loss Ch2 Alarm Disabled SW1 pos 2, where applicable23 1 SData Loss Ch3 Alarm Disabled SW3 pos 3, where applicable24 0 SData Loss Ch4 Alarm Disabled SW3 pos 4, where applicable25 7 SLoopback Test Source SW1 pos 3 (0 = Internal, 1 = External)26 6 SLoopback Error LED Mode SW1 pos 4 (0 = Latched, 1 = Momentary)27 5 S/C Loopback Channel 1 Enabled Loopback Channel 1 On/Off Front panel switch428 4 S/C Loopback Channel 2 Enabled Loopback Channel 2 On/Off Front panel switch, where applicable29 3 S/C Loopback Channel 3 Enabled Loopback Channel 3 On/Off Front panel switch, where applicable30 2 S/C Loopback Channel 4 Enabled Loopback Channel 4 On/Off Front panel switch, where applicable31 1 SAIS Disabled SW1 pos 532 0 SBridge Disabled (Aux Enabled) SW1 pos 833 7 N/A Future Use34 6 N/A Future Use35 5 N/A Future Use536 4 N/A Future Use37 3 SFar-End Address Invalid 1=Address>0838 2 SFar-End Address MSB 000=01, 001=02, 010=03,39 1 SFar-End Address LSB+1 011=04, 100=05, 101=06,40 0 SFar-End Address LSB 110=07, 111=0841 7 SNear-End RSL MSB RSLVOLTAGE ≈≈ Binary Byte(integer) x 0.04 Volts42 6 SNear-End RSL MSB-143 5 SNear-End RSL MSB-2 Note The 8-bit binary value (0-255) represents644 4 SNear-End RSL MSB-3 RSL values between -50 dBm and threshold.45 3 SNear-End RSL MSB-4 Radio paths with higher RSL values will read46 2 SNear-End RSL MSB-5 approximately five (5) to ten (10) VDC on the radio’s47 1 SNear-End RSL MSB-6 front panel test point but be limited to a maximum48 0 SNear-End RSL MSB-7 binary reading of 255 which represents 5 VDC.49 7 SNear-End Tx Power MSB50 6 SNear-End Tx Power MSB-151 5 SNear-End Tx Power MSB-2752 4 SNear-End Tx Power MSB-3 8-bit byte derives voltage or dBm53 3 SNear-End Tx Power MSB-4 TxPWRVOLTAGE ≈≈ Binary Byte(integer) x 0.02 Volts54 2 SNear-End Tx Power MSB-555 1 SNear-End Tx Power MSB-656 0 SNear-End Tx Power MSB-757 7 SBoth Fans Bad Only applies if Point 11=158 6 STx Synth Unlock Only applies if Point 9=159 5 SRx Synth Unlock Only applies if Point 9=1860 4 SInput Line Driver Only applies if Point 9=161 3 SDigital Hardware Only applies if Point 9=162 2 N/A Future Use Key: A = Alarm63 1 N/A Future Use S = Status64 0 N/A Future Use C = ControlTable 3-F: TBOS Map for the LYNX.sc E1s
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-533.14.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) ConnectionThe AUX DATA port is a separate wayside serial port which can be configured to allow theconnection of any user serial data (to 9600 baud) through the radio network. In the defaultconfiguration, this service channel is “bridged” to the diagnostics port, providing TBOS networkmanagement for far-end radios including radio network management through repeaters andhubs. Connection to the AUX DATA port is an RS-232 or RS-422 serial interface, identical to thediagnostics port (see Section 3.14.3). This port does not affect the E1 traffic on the LYNX.scradio.For TBOS network management, or when the AUX DATA port is used as a clear servicechannel, co-located radios can be wired to one another to provide the information throughout thenetwork. At a repeater or hub location, bridging is accomplished by cable connections betweenco-located LYNX.sc radios, via their AUX DATA ports, as shown in Figure 3-25 and 3-26. Figure3-27 illustrates the pin-to-pin connections for this configuration. There is a related DIP switchposition, as shown in Figure 3-27, that makes the AUX DATA port usable for customer datainstead of the TBOS network management information. The factory default setting for this DIPswitch is for TBOS network management.For non-TBOS external site management systems can be used with the LYNX.sc radios; Figure3-26 shows a typical application. Here the reporting relies on external devices to communicateover the clear service channel of the LYNX.sc radio. Each radio is given a site location (seeSection 3.14.1) and information on the radio status and control is fed through the diagnostic portto a remote terminal unit (RTU). These RTUs have the capability of providing for other externalinputs at the remote site, for complete network management. Communication from each RTU isfed via the RS-232 port to the AUX DATA connector on the radio, in this configuration nobridging is required.RTUs that do not support TBOS can alternatively connect tothe LYNX.sc alarm connector for discreet TTL alarms and/ortest point voltages.If you are using TBOS network management and want fullinformation on the far-end radio (even in a single-hopapplication), the bridge function must be enabled.The service channel can only be used for TBOS networkmanagement or for Aux data, not both. When selected forTBOS, no other data should be connected to the AUX DATAport.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-54 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-25: Repeater and Hub TBOS Radio Network ManagementFigure 3-26: Repeater Application with Site Network ManagementAntennaDiagnosticsDiagnostics2 X T1LYNX.scAntennaT1DiagnosticsT1Aux. DATAAux. DATALYNX.scLYNX.scLYNX.scAntennaAntennaAntennaDiagnosticsLYNX.scAntennaDiagnosticsLYNX.scT1T1RS-232T1RS-232T1LYNX.scDiag. AUX.01SiteAddressTBOSInfo atthis radio03SiteAddressTBOSInfo atthis radioLYNX.scDiag. AUX. LYNX.scAUX DiagRemoteTerminalUnit02SiteAddressTBOSInfo atthis radioRS-23204SiteAddressTBOSInfo atthisradioT1LYNX.scDiag. AUX.NetworkManager RemoteTerminal Unit
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-55Figure 3-27: AUX DATA Cable Connection for Repeater/HubFigure 3-28: AUX Data Selection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-56 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.14.5 Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information)This feature is not yet available as of the publishing date ofthis manual.The protect port is an 8-pin modular jack connection which is used in conjunction with anauxiliary piece of equipment called a LYNX.SC.mhs. The LYNX.sc protection port implementscontrol information for the purposes of Monitored Hot Standby (MHS) or Space Diversity (SD)radio configurations. Purchase of the LYNX.SC.mhs equipment is required to implement thisfeature of the LYNX.sc radio. Details of the specific connection requirements to this equipmentare supplied in the LYNX.SC.mhs manual.MHS is a configuration of equipment which essentially supports a “back-up” radio, in case ofradio hardware failure. For the LYNX.sc this is accomplished by connecting the antenna and E1connections to the LYNX.SC.mhs unit, and then connecting the LYNX.SC.mhs unit to twoseparate and identical LYNX.sc radios. The LYNX.SC.mhs unit provides the capability to switchbetween connected LYNX.sc radios in case of a radio hardware failure. There is an interruptionin radio traffic when this switching occurs, however, radios are typically able to resynchronizeand establish communications in a few seconds (depending on path length and path availability).A typical MHS configuration is shown in Figure 3-29.Figure 3-29: MHS Configuration
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-573.14.6 Protect Port Connection (Preliminary Information)This feature is not yet available as of the publishing date ofthis manual.Space Diversity (SD) is a similar application for radios where there is a “back-up” path for theradio in case of radio failure or path outage problems. This type of application is typicallyconfigured as two separate radios at the same site connected to two separate antennas. Theseparate antennas yield a slightly different path and therefore may provide better performance incases of path outage due to weather or interference. There is an availability improvement due tomultipath fading in a SD configuration as compared to a non-protected system configuration. Arepresentative SD configuration is shown in Figure 3-30.Figure 3-30: SD Configuration
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 3-58 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSYour Notes on the LYNX.sc Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-14. Troubleshooting4.1 Regular MaintenanceThe LYNX.sc radios do not require any regular maintenance, however, it is prudent to monitorthe radio link at regular intervals to assure that the link conditions are not changing. Whenvisiting a radio site for maintenance, the following items may be checked and their resultsrecorded:vRSL VoltagevPWR VoltagevFar-end RSL VoltagevAlarm conditionsvVerify radio has adequate ventilationIf any alarm conditions exist, they should be recorded, and troubleshooting procedures from thisSection of the manual should be followed.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-2 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.2 Changing Frequency PlansThe LYNX.sc RF frequency selections are listed in Section 3.5. The near-end radio and the far-end radio must be corresponding (e.g. A1 / A2). The frequency of a given LYNX.sc terminal isset by the specific filter, the physical orientation of this assembly, and the setting ofcorresponding DIP Switches. (See Section 3.12.1 for more details.)With respect to a given filter, the frequencies are fixed, because tuned RF filters are required fornormal operation. Changing of the (pretuned) radio frequencies may be required when installingspares or for special situations, such as interference mitigation. This is accomplished byinstalling an alternate filter or reorienting the existing filter.For any given model of LYNX.sc (2.4 GHz 1xE1, 2.4 GHz 2xE1, 5.8 GHz 1xE1, 5.8 GHz 2xE1,or 5.8 GHz 4xE1), the frequency channel can be changed by swapping and /or reorienting thefilter.It is not necessary to remove the cover assembly of the LYNX.sc1. Remove any cables connected to the antenna connector on the diplexer (filter)and then remove the two screws which mount the filter to the LYNX.sc chassis.2. Slowly remove the filter from the chassis being careful to not endanger the cables that areconnected to the rear side of the filter.3. Disconnect the two SMA connectors that are attached to the rear of the filter with a 5/16”open end wrench.4. Select the new filter or orient the existing filter such that the frequency channel label on thefilter (showing the DIP switch positions) is right-side-up corresponding to the desiredfrequency channel.5. Connect the two SMA connectors to the new or reoriented filter with the 5/16” open endwrench.6. Slowly place the wired filter assembly so that it is flush with the rear panel.7. Install the two screws which mount the filter to the rear panel.8. Refer to the rear panel filter label or Section 3.12.1 for DIP Switch settings to correspondto the new filter and reattach the antenna cable.As an example, the filter assemblies of an A1 and A2 terminalare identical. They are simply installed differently. An A1 terminalcan be changed into an A2 by removing the filter and rotating it180 degrees and reinstalling the filter. The DIP switch positionsneed to match the filter orientation, per the appropriate filterlabel.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-34.3 Using a Spare TerminalOne spare LYNX.sc terminal of a given model type (2.4 GHz 1xE1, 2.4 GHz 2xE1, 5.8 GHz1xE1, 5.8 GHz 2xE1, or 5.8 GHz 4xE1) will service any other radio in that same model type,independent of frequency channel plan. For example, a 5.8 GHz E1 channel A2 can be used asa spare for any A, B or C channel E1 radio at 5.8 GHz. See Section 4.2 for changing frequenciesof a spare radio.Customers with several radios, or radios in critical operations are encouraged to purchase one ormore spare radios of each model in their system. This will allow rapid restoration of radio servicein the unlikely event of a radio failure.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-4 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.4 Technical SupportWestern Multiplex provides 24-hour telephone technical support for installed LYNX.sc radios.Customers are encouraged to troubleshoot the radio and link in accordance with the latter part ofthis section in this manual before contacting Western Multiplex. Western Multiplex also has alimited supply of LYNX.sc radios that can be loaned to out-of-service customers for installationwhile units are being repaired. Loaner supply is limited, and is only used for critical applicationson a first-come, first-served basis.Customer service #: +1 408 542-5390
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-54.5 Repair PolicyThe LYNX.sc terminal includes comprehensive alarm indicators designed to diagnose potentialfaults. Should a fault occur, it often may be resolved by operator adjustment.Should a fault occur that cannot be resolved by operator adjustment and has been confirmed bylooping terminals together on the bench (See Section 4.9), then the equipment should bereturned to the factory for repair.The LYNX.sc radio is a complex system not designed for user repair. Do not remove the coveror open any part of the LYNX.sc terminal. The complete LYNX.sc terminal should be sent backin its original packing material for factory repair.Please contact the factory in advance of returning the product. You will be assigned a ReturnMaterial Authorization (RMA) number that authorizes your return. Units sent to the factorywithout an RMA number may be delayed in the processing of the repair. Be sure to include thefollowing information:vRMA numbervdescription of the problemvyour name and telephone numbervreturn shipping addressvurgency of repairPlease refer to the published Warranty policy for repair policydetails.LYNX.sc radios should be packaged in their original packingboxes for shipment whenever possible Western Multiplex canprovide an empty box shipment to facilitate proper packaging.Regardless, proper and adequate packaging must be used forshipments to protect the radio(s) from damage. WesternMultiplex can not be held responsible for any repairs due toinadequately packed materials. Damage caused by improperpacking will likely result in higher repair costs and delays (referto the Warranty section at the beginning of this manual).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-6 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6 Front Panel Status LEDsThere are several front panel status LEDs on the LYNX.sc radio. These LEDs indicate conditionswhere either a hardware failure has occurred or the radio link is not optimum. In many cases, acombination of LEDs may be illuminated. The following sections describe the necessarytroubleshooting procedures should any LED(s) indicate a problem during or after installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-74.6.1 DATA LOSS AlarmsFunction:These DATA LOSS Alarms indicate that no CEPT-1 signal is present at the rear panel CEPT-1interface. On a multiple-capacity radio, the DATA LOSS 1 alarm relates to the DATA 1 portswhile the DATA LOSS 2 alarm relates to the DATA 2 ports. On the 4xE1 model, DATA LOSS1&2 are combined and DATA LOSS 3&4 are combined. This alarm does not indicate a radiohardware failure.The capacity of the radio will determine how many DATALOSS LEDs there are on the front panel.Sometimes a double-capacity radio is put into service with onlyone input channel active, with the second channel planned forfuture growth. In this case, the DATA LOSS 2 alarm will beactive because no CEPT-1 signal will be present. This alarmcan be defeated by selecting a rear panel DIP switch asdescribed in Section 3.12.4.When there is a data loss condition, even if the data loss alarmhas been disabled, the LYNX.sc radio injects AIS into the (RF)transmitted CEPT-1 signal.Possible Causes:vNo CEPT-1 connection present at rear panelvImproper pin connections of CEPT-1 connectorvNo data on CEPT-1 input connector
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-8 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGRecommended Actions:1. Check to make sure that there is a CEPT-1 connection present on either of theconnectors (BNC) for the channel in alarm.On a multiple-capacity radio, if the alarm is on a channel which isunused at this time, the alarm condition can be disabled by arear panel DIP switch, as described in Section 3.12.4.4. Verify that the CEPT-1 line has data active at the radio connection. This can beaccomplished using a BER tester or signal analyzer. Also, signal activity can be verifiedby using an oscilloscope.5. Verify that pin connections have been made properly (in accordance to Section 3.11).Make sure that you have connected the CEPT-1 with respect to the transmitting device.6. Connect a BER tester or signal analyzer to the CEPT-1 Monitor INPUT port on the rearpanel.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-94.6.2 BER (Bit Error Rate) AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that the traffic being received from the far-end radio is exceeding the bit errorrate threshold of the radio (approximately 1 x 10-6). This indicates that radio traffic currently haserrors on it which may exceed acceptable levels. This LED will stay ON as long as the BERthreshold is being exceeded. In some cases, it will turn ON and OFF, in which case there arebursts of errors causing intermittent degradation to the received data. In all cases, the LED willbe on for at least 1 second for any group of errors which exceed the threshold, whether they area burst of errors or a long string of errors.If the RX SYNC alarm is on the near-end or far-end radio inaddition to the BER alarm (on the same radio), the RX SYNCalarm should be the first priority for troubleshooting.Possible Causes:vPath fading due to atmospheric conditions (usually accompanied by Far-End BERalarm) and low RSL voltage readingvPoor transmission line connections (usually accompanied by Far-End BER alarm) andlow RSL voltage readingvAntenna problems, misalignment or path clearance (usually accompanied by Far-EndBER alarm) and low RSL voltage readingvInterferencevReceived signal level (RSL) is too strongvFar-end radio transmitter circuitry is faulty or Tx Power adjusted incorrectly (too low)vNear-end radio receiver circuitry is faulty
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-10 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGRecommended Actions:An internal loopback test should be performed to verify that errors are occurring over the link:vVerify that the near-end radio is set for Internal test mode and Latched Error LED (bothdefault settings of rear panel DIP switch positions, as described in Sections 3.12.2 and3.13.3).vPress and hold (for approximately 3 seconds, then release) the Loopback Enableswitch on the front panel of one radio (this will take radios out of service). Let this testrun for a few minutes.vIf the ERROR LED illuminates, this is verification that errors are on the link andtroubleshooting should continue.vPress the Loopback Enable switch to deactivate loopback mode.Next measure RSL by placing a voltmeter across RSL and GND test points. Compare thisvoltage to the Factory Test Data Sheet and estimate the RSL in dBm. Compare this to the RSLthat was expected using path calculations (see Section 3.3.3). Press and hold the DISPLAY FAREND button and measure the far-end RSL (while continuing to hold the button). Compare thisRSL to the Factory Test Data Sheet for the far-end radio and estimate the RSL in dBm. Again,compare this RSL to the expected RSL from the link budget calculations.If RSL from both ends of the radio are approximately the same as each other, but lower thananticipated for this installation, then the likely cause of the BER alarm(s) is excessive lossesbetween the radios. Excessive loss problems could include the transmission line at either end, alladapters, connectors, the antennas, the antenna alignment as well as the path itself (anyobstructions or clearance problems). Antenna alignment, line-of-sight and path clearance shouldbe verified; if this does not improve RSL, all devices between the radios and their antennas atboth ends should be checked. Make sure all transmission line, connectors and any other devicesare properly rated for operation at the radio's frequency (2.4 or 5.8 GHz).If only one end has low RSL, this could be caused by low transmit output power from theopposite end radio. Verify that the transmitter output power of the radio opposite to the low RSLreceiver has been set in accordance to path calculations, or EIRP restrictions (where applicable).Power adjustment must be performed by professional installation personnel only. The PWR testpoint can be used and compared with the Factory Test Data Sheet, the front panel recessedpotentiometer can be turned clockwise to increase power. If an RF power meter is available, thiscan be connected to the RF output of the radio for precision measurement. This test will alsoverify that the radio transmitter is working properly.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-11If one terminal (or both) has high RSL, this could be caused by a very short path or interference.To verify the possible presence of interference, remove DC power to the radio which is oppositeto the one that is reading high RSL. Once power is removed, measure RSL on the remainingradio. If RSL voltage is higher than that which is listed for "Threshold" in the Factory Test DataSheet, then an interfering signal is present. If interference is suspected, the easiest potentialremedy is to swap frequency channels on both sides of the link. See Section 4.2 for details.Swap frequencies on both terminals so that they are the opposite from their original settings (e.g.change A1 into A2 and A2 into A1). Make sure that you change the DIP switch settings tocorrespond to the channel change. After both ends are changed, reconnect the radios anddetermine if the BER alarm is still active. If the BER alarm is still active, other frequencychannels can be installed, or other interference countermeasures can be tried, in accordancewith Section 4.8.If the BER alarm continues, an external BER test should be performed to verify the extent of biterrors on the link. See Sections 4.9 and 4.10 for details on bit error rate testing. A BERT can beconnected on one side of the link, the External test mode selected on the near-end radio,loopback enabled and bit errors evaluated. If the BER is above acceptable levels, continue totroubleshoot the link.If all path related and data input problems have been pursued and the BER alarm is still active,the problem could be related to a radio failure. While radio failure is typically indicated by moresevere alarm conditions, it is possible that one of the radios may be out of specification, and thiscould be the cause of the BER alarm. A back-to-back test will verify proper radio operation. SeeSection 4.9 for details. A threshold test on both radios along with a test to verify proper RF outputpower would be beneficial.Perform a back-to-back test before returning any radio terminal tothe factory for repair. A back-to-back test verifies radio operation.(See Section 4.9).If the radios successfully pass their back-to-back testing, the problem is likely with the path or theconnections between the radio and the antenna or interference. Before reinstalling the radios, besure to set the output power to the appropriate level for the installation and set rear panel DIPswitches to the desired settings for the installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-12 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6.3 RX SYNC (Receiver Synchronization) AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that the demodulator function is not synchronizing with the intended receivedsignal.When the RX SYNC alarm is active, the LYNX.sc radio injects AIS onto the received CEPT-1(line transmit out), even if AIS has been disabled by rear panel DIP switch setting.Possible Causes:vSevere path fading due to atmospheric conditions (usually accompanied by Far-EndRX SYNC or BER alarm) and low RSL voltage readingvPoor transmission line connections (usually accompanied by Far-End RX SYNC orBER alarm) and low RSL voltage readingvAntenna problems, misalignment, or path clearance (usually accompanied by Far-EndRX SYNC or BER alarm) and low RSL voltage readingvImproper radio settings (frequency channel, spread code)vInterferencevFar-End radio transmitter circuitry is faultyvNear-End radio receiver circuitry is faultyRecommended Actions:Check the following at each end of the link:vVerify that rear panel filters are opposite channel plans on each end (e.g. one is A1and other is A2).vVerify that rear panel DIP switch settings match each installed filter (see Section3.12.1).vVerify that each radio is set to the same spreading code (see Section 3.12.3).vVerify that all connections between radios and antennas are secure and all devicesbetween radios and antennas are rated for the radio frequency band (2.4 or 5.8 GHz).If RX SYNC alarm continues, follow recommended actions for a BER alarm as described inSection 4.6.2.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-134.6.4 AIS OUT (Alarm Indication Signal)Function:This LED informs the user that the near-end receiver is operating at BER ≥ 1 x 10-3 or is notreceiving data and is therefore injecting AIS to the line transmit out of the CEPT-1 connector.If the AIS has been disabled by rear panel DIP switch, AIS will not be injected onto the linetransmit output unless there is a loss of sync (RX SYNC alarm).Possible Causes:vLocal receiver has lost lock (RX SYNC)vLocal receiver is operating at BER >1 x 10-3Recommended Actions:1. Follow recommended actions for a RX SYNC alarm, as described in Section 4.6.3.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-14 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6.5 FAN AlarmFunction:This alarm activates only when one or both of the internal fans are faulty.Possible Cause:vFaulty fan inside the radio.Recommended Actions:1. Check environmental conditions of the radio. Assure that the ambient temperature at theradio location is within specification of the radio. If not, apply environmental conditioning toradio location or place radio at alternate location where the environmental specifications aremet.2. Visually inspect radio mounting area and ensure that right and left sides of the radio chassisare unobstructed for airflow.3. Verify that at least one of the internal fans are operational by temporarily covering some ofthe ventilation holes on the right side of the radio (as you face the front panel) with a thinpiece of paper. Slowly pull the paper outwards away from the ventilation holes to determineif the fan is pulling the paper toward the chassis. This can also be checked on the oppositeside of the chassis to verify that the fans are pushing air out of the chassis.4. If at least one fan is working you may wish to postpone repair, as long as the unit is operatingwithout any other errors (the radio is designed to operate with only one fan)5. If neither fan is working or if typical operating environment is greater than 30°C, it isrecommended that the unit be repaired at the soonest opportunity. Return the radio to thefactory for repair. See Section 4.5 for details.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-154.6.6 RADIO FAIL AlarmFunction:The RADIO FAIL alarm indicates a known problem with the radio hardware.Possible Causes:vInternal synthesizers are unlockedvInternal digital circuits have failedvCEPT-1 connection is incorrectRecommended Actions:1. Disconnect the CEPT-1 connections from the rear panel.2. If RADIO FAIL alarm clears, check CEPT-1 connections for proper pin connections andimpedance as described in Section 3.11.3. If RADIO FAIL alarm does not clear, remove power from the unit.4. Check to make sure power supply voltages are within specification.5. Even if the voltages were within specification, reapply power to the unit.6. If RADIO FAIL alarm clears, place the radio back into service.7. If RADIO FAIL alarm does not clear, perform a back-to-back test to verify radio operation, asdescribed in Section 4.9.8. If RADIO FAIL alarm is still active in a back-to-back test, return the radio to the factory forrepair (see Section 4.5).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-16 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6.7 FAR END AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that there is an alarm condition present on the far-end radio. When theDISPLAY FAR END button is pressed (and held), the status LEDs indicate the alarm conditionsof the far-end radio.Possible Cause:vOne or more alarm condition(s) exist on the far-end radioRecommended Actions:1. Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR END button and observe the LED status.2. Follow instructions for troubleshooting the far-end radio in accordance to the appropriateLEDs which are in alarm, as described in Section 4.6.1 through 4.6.6.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-174.7 Errors in the Data StreamWhen the radio is in service, errors in the data stream may occur. This is usually known to theoperator by either faulty data indications of downstream equipment, external bit error ratetesting, or ERROR LED indications during internal loopback testing.During internal test mode loopback testing, if an error is detected, the ERROR LED willilluminate. In default mode, this lamp will stay lit during loopback testing if a single error isdetected. If Loopback has been performed over a period of time and the ERROR LED does notlatch on, the radio link is operating completely error-free.The ERROR LED only operates in internal test signal loopbackmode. Use a BERT to detect errors when using an external testsignal. See Sections 3.12.2, 3.13.2 and 3.13.3 for more details.It is possible that no alarms appear on the front panel during normal operations, but there areerrors present in the data stream. If the BER LED is lit, this indicates rather severe errorconditions and it is best to follow the procedures provided in Section 4.6.1. However, someerrors will not result in the BER alarm (such as bipolar violations, slow "dribbling" errors,improperly terminated CEPT-1 connections or incorrect settings of switches), but will beexhibited on downstream data processing equipment or during a BER test. In other cases, theremay be data errors due to atmospheric conditions (fading), interference or other reasons, but notat a high enough error level to be indicated with the BER alarm LED. In the case of these typesof errors, the following information can be helpful to troubleshoot the radio link.Indications:vIn Loopback Mode, ERROR LED is illuminatedvDuring external BER test, test equipment indicates errorsvDownstream equipment (mux, channel bank, CODEC, router, etc.) indicates errorsPossible Causes:vPath fading due to atmospheric conditionsvPoor transmission line connectionsvAntenna problems, misalignment or path clearancevReceived signal level (RSL) is too strongvFar-End radio transmitter circuitry is faultyvNear-End radio receiver circuitry is faultyvInterferenceRecommended Actions:1. Verify CEPT-1 wiring in accordance to Section 3.11.2. Even if the BER alarm LED is unlit but errors continue, follow the instructions described inSection 4.6.2
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-18 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.8 Interference CountermeasuresThe recommended interference countermeasures available to the LYNX.sc operator are asfollows:1. Short PathsThe single most effective countermeasure against interference is to maintain "short path" length.This may be achieved by dividing long paths into multiple small paths by cascading hops.Intermediate repeaters may be formed using back-to-back LYNX.sc terminals and transmitoutput power reduced, if required.By definition, "short path" is defined as a path where fades are extremely rare and signal levelsvary by no more than ±3 dB during fades. This distance will vary with the RF frequency.Typically a "short path" is defined as any path length shorter than 5 miles at 5.8 GHz or 7 milesat 2.4 GHz.2. Narrow Beam Antennas (high gain)This is the next most effective countermeasure. Narrow beam antennas ensure that thetransmitted power is sent in a single direction and this minimizes the possibility of causinginterference inadvertently to other users. Narrow beam antennas also reject off-azimuth signalsbeing received from potential sources of interference and have high gain which boosts desiredreceive levels and improves the carrier to interference ratio. When selecting narrow beamantennas, it is helpful to know that larger antennas generally outperform smaller antennas.Another important antenna specification is the front-to-back ratio which ensures rejection ofunwanted signals from azimuth angles behind the antenna.3. Frequency SelectionThis is another very effective countermeasure. The LYNX.sc radio offers several distinct non-overlapping frequency channel plans (see Sections 3.5 and 4.2) and the radio’s RF filter is ableto reject interference more than 10 MHz away from the receive frequency. Offset frequenciescombined with other countermeasures may enable several receive channels to operate at asingle hub site. Because of the limited spreading ratio used, frequency selection is more efficientthan code selection for interference rejection when operating multiple LYNX.sc terminals at asingle site. Interference can often be overcome by exchanging frequencies of both-ends of theradio link (e.g. change your A1 terminal to an A2 and change the other end from an A2 to an A1).Also, changing channel plans (e.g. from A to B) can be very effective. (See Section 4.2).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-194. Antenna PolarizationCross-polarized antennas can provide approximately 20 to 30 dB discrimination of unwantedsignals. The actual discrimination will depend upon the antenna design and any rotation ofpolarization along the path, for example, due to reflections. Discrimination only exists betweentwo orthogonal polarizations:-vertical vs. horizontal or-left-hand circular vs. right-hand circularThere is only 3 dB discrimination between circular and linear (vertical or horizontal) polarization.Interference can sometimes be overcome by changing antenna polarization at both ends of thelink.5. Spreading Code SelectionThere are 4 selectable spreading codes provided for the LYNX.sc radio (See Section 3.12.3).These codes are selected by DIP switches and provide some discrimination against interferencefrom other LYNX.sc transmitters. The discrimination is limited to approximately 3 to 6 dB forradios using the same channel plan. This is the difference between the co-channel C/I whenusing different codes for the wanted and unwanted signals. When combined with a differentfrequency channel, the code discrimination improves significantly beyond 3 to 6 dB. See Section3.12.3 for code selection details.6. Transmit PowerThe maximum level into the receiver is 0 dBm. Above this level, errors may occur in the receivedata stream. Transmit output power should be reduced on very short paths to avoid overload.7. Equipment/Antenna LocationOccasionally, interference is caused by the radio or the antenna being too close to anothersimilar transmitter. For example, at 2.4 GHz, microwave ovens can exhibit interference ifmounted near the radio or antenna. Other high powered transmitters may also causeinterference. Moving the radio, the antennas, or the interfering equipment can reduce oreliminate interference.Interference countermeasures rely to some extent on themeasurement of the received interference level and frequency.Prior to turning up a new hop, a spectrum analyzer can be usedto monitor the spectrum at each end to check for possibleinterfering signals. See Section 4.8.1 for more details.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-20 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.8.1 Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential InterferenceConnecting to the antenna and using "peak hold" on a spectrum analyzer, the spectrum between2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz (for 2.4 GHz radios) or 5.7 GHz and 5.9 GHz (for 5.8 GHz radios) can beswept and any signals being received at levels above the radio’s specified threshold identified. Ifpotential interfering signals are found, then the LYNX.sc frequency plan can be changed to avoida receive channel which may contain significant interference (see Section 4.2).For example, interference may be reduced by moving from the A1/A2 plan to the B1/B2 plan orby swapping terminals or RF filters so that A1 becomes A2.Signals outside the range of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz (for 2.4 GHzradios) and 5.7 GHz to 5.9 GHz (for 5.8 GHz radios) may beignored: they will not cause interference.If a spectrum analyzer is not available, the RSL voltage can be used to indicate the backgroundnoise and interference level within the receiver RF filter band when the far-end transmitter isturned off. With the far-end radio turned off, if an RSL voltage level above the radio’s thresholdlevel is measured, there is potentially interference in this frequency channel.When using a spectrum analyzer for determining the presenceof interference, very narrow resolution bandwidth settings mustbe used to detect signals down to the radio’s threshold(approximately -87 to -95 dBm, depending on radio type).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-214.9 Back-to-Back TestingBack-to-back testing, as shown in Figure 4-1, is an ideal method of testing the LYNX.sc radios.This testing eliminates link problems caused by auxiliary equipment, installation, or the radiopath and isolates potential radio hardware problems. Back-to-back testing must be performedwith both radios at the same location. The following test equipment is required:vDC power source capable of supplying approximately 90 Watts (total) to the radios (ortwo AC adapters)vOne low-loss coaxial cable, N-to-N malevOne (or more) coaxial in-line calibrated fixed attenuators, 40 to 80 dB total attenuationThe following test equipment may also be useful to perform further testing of the LYNX.sc radio:vBER testervVariable (60 dB range or more) RF attenuator (rated for the proper frequency, 2.4 or5.8 GHz)vRF power meterBack-to-back testing must be performed to verify a radioproblem before returning any radio to the factory for repair.When the equipment is connected as shown in Figure 4-1, without connecting the BER tester,both LYNX.sc radios should have no alarm conditions, except for DATA LOSS. When Loopbackis enabled at either end, no errors should be registered by the ERROR indication. If theseconditions have been met, then it is likely that the LYNX.sc radio is operating in accordance tospecifications. If errors or alarms occur during this test, verify that all DIP switch settings areproperly set. If alarms or errors are still present, the radio is likely to be faulty.If further troubleshooting is required for the radios themselves, a BER tester can be inserted intothe rear panel bantam jacks (or the appropriate input/output data port) so an end-to-end orloopback test can be performed to assure that no errors are present in the radio link. In addition,a variable RF attenuator can be inserted between the radios to fade down the path to determinethat the threshold specification is being met. The BER and threshold tests can be run in bothdirections to isolate the radio problem (if any). More information on BER testing is provided inSection 4.10. An RF power meter can be used to individually test each radio’s output power.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-22 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGFigure 4-1: Back-to-Back Test Configuration(When using a BER tester, initiate loopback on connected LYNX.sc and select external testmode as described in Section 3.12.2).The LYNX.sc radios will be damaged if appropriate attenuationis not supplied between radios. You must provide a minimum of40 dB and no more than 80 dB attenuation between the tworadios.LYNX.scLYNX.sc
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-234.10 BER (Bit Error Rate) TestingBit error rate (BER) testing is the preferred way to evaluate a radio link’s performance. It can beperformed from end-to-end or in loopback mode (which tests both directions of the radio path).Figure 4-2 illustrates a typical BER test configuration for loopback testing (which may include theradio’s path instead of in-line attenuators). Figure 4-2 illustrates a typical BER test configurationfor end-to-end testing.When performing BER testing, make sure of the following:- Disconnect all CEPT-1 inputs and outputs to both radios.- Connect BER tester to bantam jacks or data in/output connector(s)- Select external test signal for loopback testing using the DIP switches as defined inSection 3.12.- Verify all DIP switch settings.- The BER test pattern chosen must contain adequate 1’s densityA 215-1, QRSS, or 3 in 24 test pattern may be used.The LYNX.sc uses HDB3 line coding.If two BER test sets are used to measure the link performanceseparately in each direction, frame slips will occur unless the BERtest sets are synchronized with one test set as the master and theother as the slave.BER testing may be performed on the bench, with two terminals back to back, or over the radiopath. Also, it may be performed from end-to-end (which requires two BER test sets over a link,the far-end unit slaved to the near-end unit’s clock) or in loopback mode, as described in Section4.9.If BER testing indicates an unacceptable level of errors, follow the instructions in Section 4.6.2.or perform a back-to-back test as described in Section 4.9.Figure 4-2: End-to-End BER Test Configuration
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 4-24 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGYour Notes on the LYNX.sc Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-15. AppendicesAppendix A - Digital Line Interface SpecificationsInformation in Appendix A is referenced to the following document: ITU-T G.7031. General CharacteristicsBit rate: 2048 kbits/s ±50 ppmCode: HDB32. Specifications at the output portsBit Rate 2.048 Mb/sPulse Shape All marks of a valid signal must conform with the mask irrespectiveof the sign. The value V corresponds to the nominal peak value.Pair(s) in each Direction One Coaxial pairTest load impedance 75 ohms resistiveNominal peak voltageof a mark (pulse) 2.37 VPeak voltage of a space(no pulse) 0 ±0.237 VNominal pulse width 244 nsRatio of the amplitudesof positive and negativepulses at the center ofthe pulse interval0.95 to 1.05Ratio of the widths ofpositive and negativepulses at the nominalhalf amplitude0.95 to 1.05Table A-2: CEPT-1 Interconnection Specification
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 5-2 SECTION 5: APPENDICESFigure A-1: Mask of the E1 Pulse (CEPT-1)21910%10% 10%10%10%10%269 (244 + 25)194 ns (244 – 50)24420%488 ns (244 + 244)20%20%V=100%50%0%Nominal pulseCCITT-32540Note – V corresponds to the nominal peak
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-3Appendix B - Rear Panel DIP SwitchesThe LYNX.sc radio has two separate eight-segment rear panel DIP switches, labeled SW1, andSW3. Upon shipment from the factory, these switches are set for factory default configuration,which is all switches down (in the “zero” position), except for SW3 positions 5 through 8, whichare set to match the installed rear panel RF filter assembly (which determines the frequencychannel for transmit and receive, such as A1, A2, B1, B2, etc.). The tables in this section providea quick reference for the DIP switch functions and their settings.DIP switch settings are noted by their position, either up (1), or down(0), not by on/off as may be printed on the DIP switch assembly.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 5-4 SECTION 5: APPENDICESShaded switch positions are factory default12345678SW1 10 0 x0000001 2 Loss of Input Data Alarm0 0 Enable (depends on model)1 1 Disable3 Loopback Test Source0 Internal1 External4 Error LED Latch0 Enable1 Disable (Flash)5 Rx AIS Output0 Enable1 Disable Diagnostics Port 7 TBOS 0 Craft 1 Aux Data Port 8 Bridged (TBOS) 0 Enabled (Clear) 11234SW2 1000001CEPT-1 Ground Note:0Floating Not used1Grounded on 2E/4E12345678SW3 1x x0 0 0 x x 0 0 x x1 2 Spreading Code0 0 Code 10 1 Code 21 0 Code 31 1 Code 43 4 Loss of Input Data Alarm0 0 Enable (depends on model)1 1 DisableFrequency Xmtr Rcvr 7 8 A1 2410 2453 0 0 A2 2453 2410 0 1 B1 2430 2473 1 0 B2 2473 2430 1 1Table B-1: LYNX.sc 2.4 GHz 1xE1, 2xE1 & 4XE1 Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-5Shaded switch positions are factory default12345678SW1 10000000001 2 Loss of Input Data Alarm0 0 Enable1 1 Disable3 Loopback Test Source0 Internal1 External4 Error LED Latch0 Enable1 Disable (Flash)5 Rx AIS Output0 Enable1 Disable Diagnostics Port 7 TBOS 0 Craft 1 Aux Data Port 8 Bridged (TBOS) 0 Enabled (Clear) 11234SW2 1000001 2 CEPT-1 Ground0 0 Floating1 1 Grounded12345678SW3 1x00000000x1 2 Spreading Code0 0 Code 10 1 Code 21 0 Code 31 1 Code 4Frequency Xmtr Rcvr 8 A1 2421 2462.5 0 A2 2462.5 2421 1Table B-2: LYNX.sc 2.4 GHz 2xE1 Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 5-6 SECTION 5: APPENDICES1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8SW110 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 Loss of Input Data Alarm0 Enable1 Disable3 Loopback Test Source0 Internal1 External4 Error LED Latch0 Enable1 Disable (Flash)5 Rx AIS Output0 Enable1 Disable Diagnostics Port 7 TBOS 0 Craft 1 Aux Data Port 8 Bridged (TBOS) 0 Enabled (Clear) 11 2 3 4SW210 0 0 0 01CEPT-1 Ground0Floating1Grounded1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8SW31xxx0 0 0 0 0 0 xxx1 2 Spreading Code0 0 Code 10 1 Code 21 0 Code 31 1 Code 4Frequency Xmtr Rcvr 6 7 8 A1 5735 5800 0 0 0 A2 5800 5735 0 0 1 B1 5755 5820 0 1 0 B2 5820 5755 0 1 1 C1 5775 5840 1 0 0 C2 5840 5775 1 0 1Table B-3: LYNX.sc 5.8 GHz 1xE1 Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-7Shaded switch positions are factory default12345678SW1 10000000001 2 Loss of Input Data Alarm0 0 Enable1 1 Disable3 Loopback Test Source0 Internal1 External4 Error LED Latch0 Enable1 Disable (Flash)5 Rx AIS Output0 Enable1 Disable Diagnostics Port 7 TBOS 0 Craft 1 Aux Data Port 8 Bridged (TBOS) 0 Enabled (Clear) 11234SW2 1000001 2 CEPT-1 Ground0 0 Floating1 1 Grounded12345678SW3 1x x0000000x x1 2 Spreading Code0 0 Code 10 1 Code 21 0 Code 31 1 Code 4Frequency Xmtr Rcvr 7 8 A1 5741 5803 0 0 A2 5803 5741 0 1 B1 5772 5834 1 0 B2 5834 5772 1 1Table B-4: LYNX.sc 5.8 GHz 2xE1 Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 5-8 SECTION 5: APPENDICESShaded switch positions are factory default1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8SW1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 2 Loss of Input Data Alarm0 0 Enable1 1 Disable3 Loopback Test Source0 Internal1 External4 Error LED Latch0 Enable1 Disable (Flash)5 Rx AIS Output0 Enable1 Disable Diagnostics Port 7 TBOS 0 Craft 1 Aux Data Port 8 Bridged (TBOS) 0 Enabled (Clear) 11234SW2 1000001234CEPT-1 Ground0000Floating1111Grounded1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8SW3 1xxx0 0 0 0 0 0 xxx1 2 Spreading Code0 0 Code 10 1 Code 21 0 Code 31 1 Code 43 4 Loss of Input Data Alarm0 0 Enable1 1 DisableFrequency Xmtr Rcvr 6 7 8 A1 5735 5800 0 0 0 A2 5800 5735 0 0 1 B1 5755 5820 0 1 0 B2 5820 5755 0 1 1 C1 5775 5840 1 0 0 C2 5840 5775 1 0 1Table B-5: LYNX.sc 5.8 GHz 4xE1 Switch Settings
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-9Appendix C - Rear Panel Data ConnectorsThe following figures illustrate the pin structure for all rear panel data connections. All figures areoriented as a customer would view them, facing the rear panel. DC power connection informationis found in Section 3.7 of the manual.Figure C-1: VF Port ConnectionFigure C-2: Alarm Port Connections
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999PAGE 5-10 SECTION 5: APPENDICESFigure C-3: Diagnostic Port 9-Pin D-Style ConnectorDo NOT use both the RS-232 and RS-422 connections at the sametime!Figure C-4: AUX DATA Port 9-Pin D-Style ConnectorDo NOT use both the RS-232 and RS-422 connections at the sametime!
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALLYNX.sc E1 FAMILYSPREAD SPECTRUM RADIOSSEPTEMBER 1999SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-11Your Notes on the LYNX.sc Radio
IndexAAC...................................................................................................................................................... 3-19Accessories ......................................................................................................................................... 2-22AIS ................................................................................................. 2-7, 2-13, 2-20, 3-29, 3-30, 3-47, 4-13Alarm connections.............................................................................................................................. 3-46Alarm interface................................................................................................................................... 3-47Alarms......................................................................................................................................... 3-36, 4-7Alignment, antenna............................................................................................................................. 3-23Antenna..............................................................................................2-3, 3-3, 3-24, 3-36, 3-39, 4-9, 4-19Antenna connection ............................................................................................................................ 3-20Antenna installation............................................................................................................................ 3-22Antenna planning ............................................................................................................................... 3-10Availability calculation ......................................................................................................................... 3-7BBalanced E1........................................................................................................................................ 2-18Balun .................................................................................................................................. 2-7, 2-18, 3-25Bit error rate ....................................................................................................................................... 3-40Bit Error Rate ............................................... 2-13, 2-14, 3-7, 3-30, 3-36, 3-41, 3-47, 4-9, 4-11, 4-17, 4-23BNC.................................................................................................................................................... 3-25CCalculations.......................................................................................................................................... 3-5Caution ................................................................................................................................................. 1-2CEPT-1........................................................................................................................2-18, 3-25, 5-1, 5-2CEPT-1 connection ........................................................................................... 3-36, 3-40, 3-47, 4-7, 4-17Channel plan.............................................................................................................................. 3-12, 3-26Coaxial cable ...................................................................................................................................... 3-21Code ................................................................................................................................................... 3-28Coding.................................................................................................................................................. 2-2Connections......................................................................2-7, 2-8, 2-15, 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 3-25, 3-36, 5-1Container .............................................................................................................................................. 3-1Controls.............................................................................................................................................. 2-14CSU/DSU ........................................................................................................................................... 3-30DData loss ............................................................................................................................................. 3-29DC............................................................................................................................................... 3-9, 3-17DIP switch ................................................................................................................................... 3-31, 5-3DIP switch settings.............................................................................................................................. 3-26DIP switches ....................................................................................................................................... 2-20Dispersive fade...............................................................................................................................2-5, 3-6EEIRP ................................................................................................................................................... 3-32Environment......................................................................................................................................... 2-9Error LED........................................................................................................................................... 3-42Errors.................................................................................................................................................. 4-17
FFade margin.......................................................................................................................................... 3-6Fans.................................................................................................................................................... 4-14Frequency .................................................................................................................................... 3-12, 4-2Frequency plan...................................................................................................................................... 3-8Fresnel.................................................................................................................................................. 3-4Front panel.......................................................................................................................................... 2-11GGrounding........................................................................................................................................... 3-17HHDB3........................................................................................................................................... 4-23, 5-1IIcons..................................................................................................................................................... 1-2Installation................................................................................................................... 1-1, 2-22, 3-3, 3-31Interference......................................................................................................................................... 4-18ISO 9000................................................................................................................................................... iLLine-of-sight......................................................................................................................................... 3-4Link budget........................................................................................................................................... 3-5Loopback ................................................................................................. 2-7, 2-14, 3-27, 3-40, 4-10, 4-17MMechanical ......................................................................................................................................... 2-10MHS ................................................................................................................................................... 3-56Mounting............................................................................................................................................ 3-15NNote...................................................................................................................................................... 1-2OOrderwire............................................................................... 2-8, 2-19, 2-21, 3-31, 3-36, 3-43, 3-44, 3-45Output power ............................................................................................................................. 3-33, 3-34Output power, adjust ......................................................................................................... 3-37, 3-38, 3-39PPath ...................................................................................................................................................... 3-4Path planning...................................................................................................................................... 3-10Power...........................................................................................2-2, 2-9, 2-22, 3-3, 3-16, 3-39, 4-9, 4-19Power connection ................................................................................................................................ 3-16Power connection, AC......................................................................................................................... 3-19Power connection, DC......................................................................................................................... 3-17Power supply planning.......................................................................................................................... 3-9Professional installation ...................................................................................................................iii, 1-1RRear panel.................................................................................................................................... 2-16, 5-9Receive signal level.........................................2-12, 2-14, 3-3, 3-5, 3-22, 3-23, 3-24, 3-35, 3-47, 4-9, 4-20Receiver ................................................................................................................................................ 2-4Regulatory......................................................................................................................................iii, 2-10
REN.................................................................................................................................................... 3-43Repair ................................................................................................................................................... 4-5Repeater configurations.............................................................................................................. 3-54, 3-55RF filter .............................................................................................................................................. 3-26RS-232/RS-422............................................................................................... 2-19, 3-48, 3-49, 3-50, 3-53RSL .................................................................................................................................................... 3-24SSD Configuration................................................................................................................................ 3-57Shipping ...................................................................................................................................... 2-22, 3-1Spares................................................................................................................................................... 4-3Spreading code.................................................................................................................................... 3-28Switches................................................................................................................................................ 4-2Synchronization .................................................................................................................................. 4-12System ...........................................................................................................................................2-5, 2-6TTBOS.......................................................................... 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 3-43, 3-48, 3-51, 3-52, 3-53, 3-54Technical support.................................................................................................................................. 4-4Telephone........................................................................................................................................... 3-43Test.............................................................................................................................................. 2-8, 2-12Tips ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-2Tools................................................................................................................................................... 3-11Transmission line................................................................................................................................ 3-21Transmitter .................................................................................................................................. 2-2, 3-37Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................... 4-1Turn-up............................................................................................................................................... 3-31WWarranty.................................................................................................................................................. v
For ISO Purposes -Last Page of this Manual

Navigation menu