Proxim Wireless U5358-45 User Manual

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Document ID	48401
Application ID	hFGnV0D7jrJGIFY8WyURbA==
Document Description	User manual
Short Term Confidential	No
Permanent Confidential	No
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Document Type	User Manual
Display Format	Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf
Filesize	74.06kB (925764 bits)
Date Submitted	1999-07-15 00:00:00
Date Available	2000-01-11 00:00:00
Creation Date	2001-06-11 08:23:59
Producing Software	Acrobat Distiller 4.0 for Windows
Document Lastmod	2001-06-11 08:24:00
Document Title	User manual

INSTALLATION AND
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
WIRELESS
FAST ETHERNETBRIDGES
(5.3 AND 5.8 GHz, UNII/LE-LAN)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Tsunami FAMILY
FAST ETHERNET W IRELESS BRIDGES
JUNE 1999
Installation and Maintenance Manual
Copyright © 1999 by Glenayre Western Multiplex. All rights reserved. No part of this manual
may be reproduced without prior written permission from Glenayre Western Multiplex.
The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. Glenayre
Western Multiplex shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this
manual or equipment supplied with this manual. Glenayre Western Multiplex makes no
warranty of any kind with regard to this manual or any equipment supplied with this manual,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose.
Heliax is a registered product of Andrews Corporation.
Printed in the United States of America
Notice: Y2K (Year 2000 Issue)
All software supplied by and for Glenayre Western Multiplex products adheres to the four(4) digit year nomenclature as required for Year 2000 compliance.
Glenayre Western Multiplex
1196 Borregas Avenue
Sunnyvale, California
USA
Tel:
+1 408 542-5200
Fax:: +1 408 542-5300
Our facility has been Registered to the International Organization for Standardization
ISO 9000 Series Standards for quality.
Issue: June 1999
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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Regulatory Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCC
regulations.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Glenayre Western Multiplex may void
the user's authority to operate this equipment.
This device complies with RSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
This device must be professionally installed.
iii
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WARRANTY
(e)
Glenayre Western Multiplex shall at its cost, ship the repaired
item or replacement to any destination within the United States
of America by carrier and method of delivery chosen by
Glenayre Western Multiplex. If the Customer has requested
some other form of conveyance, such as express shipping, or is
located beyond the USA borders, then the Customer shall pay
to the cost of return shipment.
2.2 Equipment which is repaired or replaced by Glenayre Western
Multiplex under this Warranty shall be covered under all of the
provisions of this Warranty for the remainder of the applicable
Warranty Period or ninety (90) days from the date of shipment of
the repaired item or replacement, whichever period is longer.
DEFAULT AND TERMINATION
3.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex may immediately terminate this
Warranty and all of its performance under this Warranty, upon
notification to the Customer, if the Customer:
(a) makes any unauthorized modifications to the Equipment;
(b) assigns or transfers the Customer's rights or obligations under
this Warranty without the written consent of Glenayre Western
Multiplex;
(c) becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or is put into receivership; or
(d) has not paid Glenayre Western Multiplex all amounts for the
Equipment, services, or other additional charges within thirty
(30) days of receipt of written notice from Glenayre Western
Multiplex.
3.2 If this Warranty is terminated by Glenayre Western Multiplex, the
Customer shall remain liable for all amounts due to Glenayre
Western Multiplex.
FORCE MAJEURE
4.1 "Force Majeure" has the same meaning as defined in Glenayre
Western Multiplex's Conditions of Sale (Glenayre Western
Multiplex document number CS96-8).
4.2 Glenayre Western Multiplex shall not be responsible for failure to
discharge its obligations under this Warranty due to Force
Majeure.
GENERAL TERMS
1.1 All Definitions contained in Glenayre Western Multiplex's
Conditions of Sale (Glenayre Western Multiplex document number
CS96-8), apply to the Warranty.
1.2 Subject to the provisions of the Warranty, Glenayre Western
Multiplex warrants that the equipment described in Paragraph 1.3
shall conform to their specifications described in Paragraph 1.4 in
all material respects and that the equipment shall be free from
material defects in materials and workmanship.
1.3 This Warranty applies to all original purchases of Glenayre
Western Multiplex manufactured equipment and accessories
(collectively the "Equipment").
1.4 This Warranty applies to the specifications contained in the most
recent version of the manual for the model of the Equipment
purchased (the "Specifications").
1.5 This Warranty does not apply to the following items of Equipment
which are covered by the Original Equipment Manufacturer's
warranty:
(a) antenna systems, including coax cable, waveguide, connectors
flex-sections, mounts, other parts of the antenna system and
installation materials;
(b) non-Glenayre Western Multiplex manufactured rack mounted
equipment that is assembled wired and tested at Glenayre
Western Multiplex's factory or supplied as part of a system,
including orderwire items, channel banks, multiplexers,
fuse/alarm panels, remote alarm items; and
(c) equipment which is not listed in Glenayre Western Multiplex's
price book.
1.6 The effective period of this Warranty shall start on the date of
shipment of the Equipment and shall end:
(a) for all spread spectrum unlicensed radio products and for all
licensed digital microwave radio products, two (2) years later;
(b) for all analog microwave radio products, three (3) years later; or
(c) for all baseband products, five (5) years later (in each case the
"Warranty Period").
1.7 The Customer acknowledges that Glenayre Western Multiplex
does not represent or warrant that the services provided by
Glenayre Western Multiplex under this Warranty will ensure
uninterrupted or error-free operation of the Equipment.
RETURN OF EQUIPMENT UNDER WARRANTY
2.1 If an item of Equipment malfunctions or fails in normal intended
usage and maintenance within the applicable Warranty Period:
(a) the Customer shall promptly notify Glenayre Western Multiplex
of the problem and the serial number of the defective item;
(b) Glenayre Western Multiplex shall, at its sole option, either
resolve the problem over the telephone or provide the Customer
with a Returned Materials Authorization number (RMA #) and
the address of the location to which the Customer may ship the
defective item;
(c) if the problem is not resolved over the telephone, the Customer
shall attach a label to each Returned item describing the fault
and the Customer's Return address. The Customer shall, at its
cost, properly pack the item to be Returned, prepay the
insurance and shipping charges, and ship the item to the
specified location;
(d) if the Glenayre Western Multiplex product shall prove to be
defective in material or workmanship upon examination by
Glenayre Western Multiplex, Glenayre Western Multiplex shall
either repair or replace the Returned item at its sole option. The
replacement item may be new or refurbished; if refurbished, it
shall be equivalent in operation to new Equipment. If a
Returned item is replaced by Glenayre Western Multiplex, the
Customer agrees that the Returned item shall become the
property of Glenayre Western Multiplex.
LIMITATIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS OF WARRANTY
5.1 This Warranty does not apply to any damage, defect or failure
caused by:
(a) any part of the Equipment having been modified, adapted,
repaired, or improperly installed, operated, maintained, transported
or relocated by any person other than Glenayre Western Multiplex
personnel or a Glenayre Western Multiplex authorized service
agent, without Glenayre Western Multiplex's prior written consent;
(b) storage or environmental conditions which do not conform to the
applicable sections of the appropriate Glenayre Western Multiplex
Equipment Manual;
(c) failure to conform with the Equipment Installation, Operating and
Maintenance Instructions of the appropriate Glenayre Western
Multiplex Equipment Manual;
(d) external causes, including external electrical stress or lightning, or
use in conjunction with incompatible equipment, unless such use
was with Glenayre Western Multiplex's prior written consent;
(e) cosmetic damage;
(f)
accidental damage, negligence, neglect, mishandling, abuse or
misuse, other than by Glenayre Western Multiplex personnel or a
Glenayre Western Multiplex authorized service agent; or
(g) Force Majeure.
Please see reverse side for additional limitations on damages.
W/CS97-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Tsunami FAMILY
FAST ETHERNET W IRELESS BRIDGES
JUNE 1999
LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (North America)
6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS
THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THE
EQUIPMENT; GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY.
6.2 GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE IN TORT, INCLUDING LIABILITY IN
NEGLIGENCE OR STRICT LIABILITY, AND SHALL
HAVE NO LIABILITY AT ALL FOR INJURY TO
PERSONS OR PROPERTY. GLENAYRE WESTERN
MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TO FULFIL ITS
OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTY OR ANY
OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH
THE EQUIPMENT SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE
AMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE
EQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED IN THIS
WARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES AGAINST GLENAYRE WESTERN
MULTIPLEX REGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.
6.3 EVEN IF GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS
BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM,
GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE
COST OF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN
EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN
IDENTIFYING, REMOVING OR REPLACING THE
DEFECTIVE ITEM; LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES;
FAILURE TO REALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY
CLAIM AGAINST A CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY;
OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC
LOSSES OF ANY KIND.
6.4 THESE LIMITATIONS AND DISCLAIMERS ARE NOT
MADE BY GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX WHERE
PROHIBITED BY LAW.
W/CS97-1
LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (International)
6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS
THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THE
EQUIPMENT; ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY
KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY ARE
EXCLUDED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED
BY LAW.
6.2 GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR
FAILURE TO FULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS
WARRANTY OR IN TORT OR AS A RESULT OF
STRICT LIABILITY OR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER
OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT OR ITS
SUPPLY SHALL BE LIMITED, EXCEPT IN RESPECT
OF DEATH AND PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BY
GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S NEGLIGENCE,
TO THE AMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE
EQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED IN THIS
WARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES AGAINST GLENAYRE WESTERN
MULTIPLEX REGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.
6.3 EVEN IF GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS
BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM,
GLENAYRE WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE
COST OF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN
EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN
IDENTIFYING, REMOVING OR REPLACING THE
DEFECTIVE ITEM; LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES;
FAILURE TO REALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY
CLAIM AGAINST A CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY;
OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC
LOSSES OF ANY KIND.
vi
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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FAST ETHERNET W IRELESS BRIDGES
JUNE 1999
CONDITIONS OF SALE
to
DEFINITIONS
1.1 In these Conditions, unless there is something in the subject
matter or context necessarily inconsistent:
(a) "Glenayre Western Multiplex" means Glenayre Western Multiplex
(d.b.a. Glenayre Western Multiplex), Wilmington, MA;
(b) "Equipment" means the equipment itemized on the
Quotation/Order Acknowledgment;
(c) "International" means any location other than United States of
America and Canada, including their territories and possessions;
(d) "North America" means any location in the United States of
America and Canada, including their territories and possessions;
(e) "Order Acknowledgment" means the sales order acknowledgment
provided by Glenayre Western Multiplex to the Customer;
(f)
"Payment Instructions" means Glenayre Western Multiplex's
payment instructions, (Glenayre Western Multiplex document
P197-1);
(g) "Quotation" means the quotation signed by an authorized
representative of Glenayre Western Multiplex and provided to the
Customer;
(h) "Shipping Date" means the actual date on which the Equipment
left Glenayre Western Multiplex's factory at Wilmington, MA,
U.S.A.;
(i)
"Warranty" means Glenayre Western Multiplex's warranty,
document W97-1;
(j)
"Invoice" means the bill of goods prepared by Glenayre Western
Multiplex for the equipment with the shipping and any insurance
costs.
1.2 Headings have been inserted in these Conditions for convenience
of reference only and will not effect their construction.
ENTIRE AGREEMENT
2.1 The Quotation, these Conditions of Sale, the Order
Acknowledgment, the Payment Instructions and the Warranty shall
apply to all sales made by Glenayre Western Multiplex and shall
constitute the entire agreement by Glenayre Western Multiplex and
the Customer (the "Agreement ").
2.2 Any terms and/or conditions of sale, which may be included on the
Customer's purchase order form or any communication from the
Customer, that are not identical with the terms and conditions
steed in this document shall NOT become a part of the agreement
of sale unless expressly agreed to in writing in the Quotation.
2.3 Glenayre Western Multiplex's failure to object to any terms and/or
conditions of sale contained in any communication from the
Customer shall not be considered as acceptance of such terms
and/or conditions or as a waiver of the terms and conditions of sale
contained herein.
2.4 Glenayre Western Multiplex shall sell to the Customer, and the
Customer shall purchase from Glenayre Western Multiplex, the
Equipment in accordance with the Agreement. Glenayre Western
Multiplex accepts the Customer's purchase orders for Equipment
and agrees to deliver the Equipment to the Customer only on the
terms of the Agreement.
2.5 No variation of the Agreement shall be binding unless agreed to in
writing by authorized representatives of Glenayre Western
Multiplex and the Customer.
PRICING
3.1 All prices in the Quotation are exclusive of all shipping charges
and all applicable taxes including but not limited to, federal, state,
local, excise, sales and use taxes.
3.2 All prices in the Quotation unless otherwise stated:
(a) for North American customers are FOB Wilmington, MA, USA.
(New York Uniform Commercial Code); or
(b) for international customers are Ex-Works, Wilmington, MA, U.S.A.
(Incoterms 1990).
3.3 All prices in the Quotation include standard domestic packing,
unless a separate line item is provided detailing export or special
packing charges.
SHIPPING AND INSURANCE
4.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex shall arrange shipping and insurance
when requested by the Customer, and shall bill the Customer for
the Equipment with the shipping and any insurance costs as
separate items, on an invoice (the "Invoice").
4.2 Delivery dates quoted by Glenayre Western Multiplex are to be
considered estimates only. In no event will Glenayre Western
Multiplex be liable for any loss or damage resulting from its failure
deliver
products
within
specified
time.
TERMS OF PAYMENT
5.1 The Customer shall pay for all Equipment, including shipping and
insurance in accordance with the terms of the Invoice.
5.2 All Invoices for North American Customers are due and payable in
thirty (30) days from the date of the Invoice.
5.3 International Customers shall make payments in accordance with
Glenayre Western Multiplex's Payment Instructions by either:
(a) providing a wire transfer (telegraphic transfer) for the full amount of
the Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained in the
Quotation or the pro-forma Invoice sent to the Customer, prior to
the Shipping Date; or
(b) establishing an acceptable Letter of Credit (LC) for the full amount
of the Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained in the
Quotation prior to the order being booked and accepted by
Glenayre Western Multiplex.
5.4 If a Customer fails to pay an Invoice when due, Glenayre Western
Multiplex may, without prejudice to am other remedy, postpone
shipments, alter payment terms, terminate the Agreement and
charge interest on all overdue amounts the rate of 1.5% per month
compounded monthly (or if less, the maximum allowed by law).
Upon demand, the Customer shall pay all such interest charges
and all reasonable collection fees, including reasonable legal
expenses.
SECURITY FOR PAYMENT
6.1 If the Customer is located in North America, the Customer grants
to Glenayre Western Multiplex a purchase money security interest
in the Equipment to secure the payment of the purchase price of
the Equipment and all other amounts due from the Customer.
6.2 If the Customer is not located in North America:
(a) despite delivery and passing of risk in the Equipment and any
other provision of these Conditions, the title in the Equipment shall
not pass to the Customer until Glenayre Western Multiplex has
received payment in full of the purchase price of the Equipment
and all other amounts then due from the Customer, and
(b) until the title in the Equipment passes to the Customer:
(i)
the Customer shall hold the equipment as Glenayre Western
Multiplex 's fiduciary agent and bailee, and shall properly store,
protect and insure the Equipment and shall identify the Equipment
as Glenayre Western Multiplex property;
(ii) if the Customer fails to pay Glenayre Western Multiplex in
accordance with the agreed payment terms, Glenayre Western
Multiplex may require the Customer to deliver up the Equipment to
Glenayre Western Multiplex, and, if the Customer does not,
Glenayre Western Multiplex may enter on the premises where the
Equipment is stored and repossess the Equipment; and
(iii) the Customer shall not pledge the Equipment by way of security for
any, indebtedness of the Customer, but if the Customer does so all
moneys owed by the Customer to Glenayre Western Multiplex
shall, without prejudice to any other remedy of Glenayre Western
Multiplex, immediately become due.
CHANGES TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
7.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex may, without notice to the Customer,
make changes to the specifications of Equipment which do not
materially affect the quality or performance of the Equipment.
EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION AND EXPEDITING CHARGES
8.1 At the Customer's request, Glenayre Western Multiplex may, for a
fee agreed in advance:
(a) reconfigure the Equipment; or
(b) expedite the Customer's order.
vii
W/CS97-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Tsunami FAMILY
FAST ETHERNET W IRELESS BRIDGES
JUNE 1999
UNDERSTOOD AND AGREED TO THOSE LIMITATIONS.
SHORTAGES
9.1 The customer shall not make any claim for shortages (which are
items that the Invoice does not show are on back-order) after
twenty-one (21) days after the date of the Invoice.
DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF AGREEMENT
15.1 If either party is successful in any litigation between the parties
based on the Agreement, the successful party shall recover from
the other, in addition to direct damages, the successful party's
reasonable attorney's fees and other costs of litigation.
RETURNS AND EXCHANGES
10.1 The return of defective Equipment is covered by the Warranty .
10.2 The Customer may only return Equipment that is not defective if:
(a) the Equipment does not correspond with the Customer's purchase
order; or
(b) the Equipment has been ordered in error by the Customer and
Glenayre Western Multiplex has permitted the Customer to remedy
the mistake by ordering the correct equipment and resuming the
Equipment and the Customer obtains a Returned Materials
Authorization number ("RMA #") from Glenayre Western Multiplex
prior to returning any Equipment.
10.3 Glenayre Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge a fee for
returned equipment under Subparagraph 10.2(b) with the amount
of the fee being determined prior to an RMA # being given by
Glenayre Western Multiplex.
10.4 Authorized returns of equipment under Paragraph 10.2 must be in
an undamaged condition, in the original configuration, in the
original packing materials and within a time period agreed to when
the RMA # was issued.
10.5 If the Customer does not comply with the provisions of Paragraphs
10.2, 10.3, and 10.4, the Customer shall pay the full amount of the
Invoice.
10.6 The party liable for all shipping, insurance and any other expenses
incurred by the Customer in returning the Equipment under
Paragraph 10.2 and for all loss or damage to the Equipment until
received by Glenayre Western Multiplex, shall be: (a) for all items
returned under Subparagraph 10.2(a), Glenayre Western Multiplex
and (b) for all items resumed under Subparagraph 10.2(b), the
Customer.
INSOLVENCY OF CUSTOMER, ETC.
16.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex may cancel the Agreement and
suspend any further deliveries under the Agreement without any
liability to the Customer, and, if Equipment has been delivered but
not paid for, the price shall become immediately due and payable
despite any other agreement to the contrary if:
(a)
any proceedings in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or
liquidation are taken against the Customer;
(b)
the Customer makes an assignment for the benefit of
creditors or commits an act of bankruptcy or insolvency;
(c)
the Customer ceases, or threatens to cease, to carry on the
ordinary course of its business, or transfers all or substantially all
of its property;
(d)
the Equipment is seized under any legal process or
confiscated; or
(e)
Glenayre Western Multiplex in good faith believes that the
ability of the Customer to pay or perform any provision of the
Agreement is impaired, or that any of the events mentioned above
is about to occur.
NOTICE
17.1 All requests, instructions and notices from one party to the other
must be in writing and may be given via registered post or
facsimile transmission to the address of the parties shown on the
Quotation or Order Acknowledgment.
EXPORT PROVISIONS
18.1 The Customer shall not, whether directly or indirectly (including
facilitating a third party) export or re-export the Equipment outside
the country in which the Customer has stated these items are to be
used without obtaining the licenses required under ail applicable
rules. The Customer shall indemnify Glenayre Western Multiplex
against any liability incurred by Glenayre Western Multiplex due to
any violation by the Customer of any of the provisions of this
Section, but this indemnity shall not apply if the Customer
reasonably relies on information supplied to it by Glenayre
Western Multiplex with respect to export licenses. Upon receipt of
a governmental consent to export the receiving party shall
immediately notify the other in writing.
CANCELLATION
11.1 If the Customer cancels an order before the Shipping Date,
Glenayre Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge the
Customer a cancellation charge up to 100% of the amount of the
order.
11.2 The Customer shall pay all cancellation charges within thirty (30)
days from date of the Invoice.
FORCE MAJEURE
12.1 Glenayre Western Multiplex shall not be liable if its performance of
the Agreement becomes commercially impractical due to any
contingency beyond Glenayre Western Multiplex's reasonable
control, including acts of God, fires, floods, wars, sabotage, civil
unrest, accidents, labor disputes or shortages, government laws,
rules and regulations, whether valid or invalid, inability to obtain
material, equipment or transportation, incorrect, delayed or
incomplete specifications, drawings or data supplied by the
Customer or others (collectively "Force Majeure"). In no event of
Force Majeure shall Glenayre Western Multiplex be required to
purchase goods from others to enable it to deliver the Equipment
under the Agreement.
MISCELLANEOUS
19.1 No waiver by Glenayre Western Multiplex of any breach of this
Agreement shall be considered as a waiver of any subsequent
breach of the same or any other provision.
19.2 Any provision of the Agreement which is, or is deemed to be,
unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall be severable from the
Agreement in that jurisdiction without in any way invalidating the
remaining portions of the Agreement, and that unenforceability
shall not make that provision unenforceable in any other
jurisdiction.
19.3 The rights which accrue to Glenayre Western Multiplex by virtue of
the Agreement shall inure for the benefit of and be binding upon
the successors and assigns of Glenayre Western Multiplex.
19.4 The agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of
California including the California Uniform Commercial Code.
However Glenayre Western Multiplex may enforce the provisions
of the Agreement in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction in
which the Equipment is situated. The United Nations Convention
on the Sale of Goods (The Vienna Convention) shall not apply to
the Agreement.
19.5 Les parties ont exigés que cette entente soit rédigée en anglais.
ENGINEERING AND SYSTEM DESIGN
13.1 The Customer is solely responsible for the engineering, design,
integration and normal preventative and remedial maintenance of
the Customer's system for which Glenayre Western Multiplex
supplies Equipment.
13.2 Glenayre Western Multiplex is not responsible for the satisfactory
operation of the Equipment in conjunction with other
manufacturer's equipment, nor for any losses which may occur as
a result of a failure of the Equipment to operate in conjunction with
other manufacturer's equipment.
WARRANTY
14.1 All Equipment is covered by the Warranty.
14.2 THE WARRANTY CONTAINS LlMITATIONS ON THE
CUSTOMER'S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES AGAINST GLENAYRE
WESTERN
MULTIPLEX
UNDER
THE
AGREEMENT.
THE
CUSTOMER
ACKNOWLEDGES
HAVING
READ,
W/CS97-1
viii
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Tsunami FAMILY
FAST ETHERNET W IRELESS BRIDGES
JUNE 1999
Table of Contents
1.
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL .................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1
1.2
2.
MANUAL ORGANIZATION ............................................................................................................................ 1-1
ICONS.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2
SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2.1
Transmitter......................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2.2
Antenna / Antenna Coupling Unit...................................................................................................... 2-3
2.2.3
Receiver.............................................................................................................................................. 2-3
2.2.4
System (Single Hop Performance) ..................................................................................................... 2-4
2.2.5
Digital Line Interface......................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.2.6
Auxiliary Connections........................................................................................................................ 2-7
2.2.7
Temperature and Environment .......................................................................................................... 2-8
2.2.8
Power ................................................................................................................................................. 2-8
2.2.9
Regulatory Information...................................................................................................................... 2-9
2.2.10 Mechanical......................................................................................................................................... 2-9
2.3
FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................... 2-10
2.3.1
General ............................................................................................................................................ 2-10
2.3.2
Test Points / Power Indicator .......................................................................................................... 2-11
2.3.3
Alarm and Status Indicators ............................................................................................................ 2-12
2.3.4
Controls............................................................................................................................................ 2-13
2.3.5
Connections...................................................................................................................................... 2-14
2.4
REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 2-16
2.5
INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES .................................................................................................................... 2-17
3.
INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1
SHIPPING CONTAINER ................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2
PACKING ITEMS IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................................................ 3-2
3.3
BEFORE INSTALLATION TASK LIST.............................................................................................................. 3-3
3.3.1
Site Selection Requirements ............................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3.2
Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance Guidelines ................................................................................... 3-4
3.3.3
RSL Calculation and Link Budget...................................................................................................... 3-5
3.3.4
Fade Margin Calculation................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.3.5
Availability Calculation ..................................................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.6
Frequency Plan Determination.......................................................................................................... 3-8
3.3.7
Power Supply Planning...................................................................................................................... 3-9
3.3.8
Antenna Planning ............................................................................................................................ 3-10
3.4
TOOLS REQUIRED ..................................................................................................................................... 3-11
3.5
FREQUENCY CHANNEL PLANS .................................................................................................................. 3-12
3.6
MOUNTING THE TSUNAMI .......................................................................................................................... 3-13
3.7
POWER CONNECTION AND WIRING ........................................................................................................... 3-14
3.7.1
DC Power Wiring............................................................................................................................. 3-15
3.7.2
AC Power Connection...................................................................................................................... 3-17
3.8
ANTENNA CONNECTION ............................................................................................................................ 3-18
3.9
TRANSMISSION LINE CONNECTION ........................................................................................................... 3-19
3.10 ANTENNA INSTALLATION & ALIGNMENT .................................................................................................. 3-20
TOC & INTRODUCTION
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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3.11 ETHERNET INTERFACE CONNECTION ........................................................................................................ 3-23
3.12 SYSTEM TURN-UP TO SERVICE.................................................................................................................. 3-24
3.13 OUTPUT POWER ADJUSTMENT .................................................................................................................. 3-30
3.14 ADDITIONAL CONNECTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 3-31
3.14.1 Orderwire Connection ................................................................................................................... 3-31
3.14.2 Alarm Connections........................................................................................................................... 3-33
3.14.3 Config Port Operation ..................................................................................................................... 3-35
3.14.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) Connection ......................................................................... 3-37
4.
TROUBLESHOOTING................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1
REGULAR MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2
CHANGING FREQUENCY PLANS ................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.3
USING A SPARE TERMINAL.......................................................................................................................... 4-3
4.4
TECHNICAL SUPPORT .................................................................................................................................. 4-4
4.5
REPAIR POLICY ........................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.6
FRONT PANEL STATUS LEDS ...................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.6.1
RF LINK Alarm.................................................................................................................................. 4-7
4.6.5
RADIO FAIL Alarm ........................................................................................................................... 4-9
4.6.6
FAR END Alarm .............................................................................................................................. 4-10
4.7
ERRORS IN THE DATA STREAM ................................................................................................................. 4-11
4.8
INTERFERENCE COUNTERMEASURES ........................................................................................................ 4-12
4.8.1
Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential Interference...................................................... 4-14
4.9
BACK-TO-BACK TESTING.......................................................................................................................... 4-15
4.10 LINK TESTING ......................................................................................................................................... 4-17
5.
APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................................. 5-1
APPENDIX A - DIGITAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................... 5-1
1. General Characteristics ............................................................................................................................. 5-1
2. Specifications ............................................................................................................................................. 5-1
APPENDIX B – CONFIGURATION PORT .................................................................................................................... 5-2
APPENDIXC - REAR PANEL DATA CONNECTORS .................................................................................................... 5-3
ii
TOC & INTRODUCTION
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Figures
FIGURE 2-1: FRONT PANEL, 2.4 GHZ ...................................................................................................................... 2-10
FIGURE 3-1: CHANNEL PLANS, DUAL-BAND............................................................................................................. 3-12
FIGURE 3-2: CHANNEL PLAN, SINGLE-BAND ............................................................................................................ 3-12
FIGURE 3-3: NEGATIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION ................................................................................................ 3-16
FIGURE 3-4: POSITIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION .................................................................................................. 3-16
FIGURE 3-5: AC CONNECTION .................................................................................................................................. 3-17
FIGURE 3-6: TYPICAL RSL VOLTAGE VERSUS RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL (RSL)....................................................... 3-22
FIGURE 3-7: TYPICAL RF OUTPUT POWER VERSUS PWR VOLTAGE ......................................................................... 3-26
FIGURE 3-8: VF PORT CONNECTION ......................................................................................................................... 3-32
FIGURE 3-9: PIN CONNECTIONS, ALARM INTERFACE ............................................................................................. 3-33
FIGURE 3-10: RS-232 CONFIG PORT CONNECTIONS ................................................................................................. 3-36
FIGURE 4-1: BACK-TO-BACK TEST CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................ 4-16
FIGURE 4-2: END-TO-END TEST CONFIGURATION..................................................................................................... 4-17
FIGURE C-1: VF PORT CONNECTION .......................................................................................................................... 5-3
FIGURE C-2: ALARM PORT CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................................. 5-3
FIGURE C-3: DIAGNOSTIC PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR .................................................................................... 5-3
FIGURE C-4: AUX DATA PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR ................................................................................... 5-3
Tables
TABLE 3-A: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY................................................................................. 3-14
TABLE 3-B: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY ................................................................................. 3-14
TABLE 3-C: TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER ADJUSTMENT, 0 DBW (5.3 GHZ) AND +23 DBW (5.8 GHZ) EIRP
INSTALLATIONS................................................................................................................................................. 3-29
TABLE 3-E: ALARM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS ........................................................................................................ 3-34
TABLE A-1: INTERCONNECTION SPECIFICATION ......................................................................................................... 5-1
TOC & INTRODUCTION
iii
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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1. How to Use This Manual
1.1
Manual Organization
The Installation and Maintenance Manual provides information required to install and maintain
Tsunami and to use its many features to the fullest advantage. This manual is divided into the
following sections:
Section 1
Provides instructions on how to most effectively utilize the information in
this manual.
Section 2
Provides a brief description and specifications of the Tsunami.
Section 3
Explains the Tsunami installation and adjustments in detail.
Section 4
Provides maintenance, repair and troubleshooting information for the
Tsunami Fast Ethernet radios.
Appendices
Charts and diagrams are provided for radio connections and DIP switch
settings along with other general information.
This device must be professionally installed. Instructions on
setting the transmitter RF output power are contained in
Section 3 of this Manual.
This device is to be used exclusively for fixed point-to-point
operation that employs directional antennas.
SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
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1.2
Icons
Throughout this manual, the following icons are used to highlight areas of special interest and
importance.
Note
PAGE 1-2
Practical Tip
Caution
SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
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2. Product Description
2.1
General Description
The Tsunami unlicensed radios provide a new level of control and convenience in a digital
communications network.
These Tsunami radios provide 100BaseT intelligent bridging between two locations without the delay
and expense of installing cable or traditional microwave.
Because each owner controls the operation of the link, there is no reliance on any outside services.
Tsunami radio operators are able to operate instant links whenever needed, and to be in control of
their own network.
The Tsunami offers two primary benefits:
❖ CONVENIENCE
Easy to install and operate with no user license
requirements or frequency coordination in the USA.
(Other countries may require a user license and/or
frequency coordination).
❖ CAPABILITY
Full transparent Fast Ethernet connections with no
throughput reduction over any line-of-sight distance (within
legal limits of government regulation)
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2.2
Specifications
All specifications are subject to change without notice.
2.2.1
Transmitter
Frequency Selection
Craft port selection with installer-removable 7-cavity RF filter assembly
Frequency
A1
A2
B1
B2
Dual-Band
5281.1 MHz
5756.0 MHz
5318.9 MHz
5794.1 MHz
Modulation
OQPSK
Output Power (typ.)
Output Power (min.)
Control Range
+23 dBm
+20 dBm
16 dB min.
PAGE 2-2
Single-Band
5756.0 MHz
5794.1 MHz
N/A
N/A
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2.2.2
Antenna / Antenna Coupling Unit
Mechanics
External antenna
Antenna Connection
N-type female
Impedance
50 ohms
Recommended
Antenna (not included)
1, or 2 foot flat panel or
2, 4 or 6 foot parabolic
Gain & Beamwidth (3 dB)
1 ft Flat
2 ft Flat
2 ft Parabolic
4 ft Parabolic
6 ft Parabolic
23.5 dB / 9°
28 dB / 4.6°
28.5 dB / 6°
35 dB / 3°
38 dB / 2.9°
2.2.3
Receiver
All Models
Nominal Receive Level
-30 to -60 dBm
Maximum Receive Level
0 dBm error free, +10 dBm no damage
Frequency Selection
Craft port selection with installer-removable 7-cavity RF
filter assembly
Threshold Rx Level
-6
(BER = 10 )
-80 dBm
Frequency Range
Dual-band A2/B2 channel
Dual-band A1/B1 channel
Single-band A1/B1 channel
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
5250-5350 MHz
5725-5825 MHz
5725-5825 MHz
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2.2.4
System (Single Hop Performance)
-11
Error Floor
Dispersive Fade Margin
10
58 dB, typical
Transmission delay
(radio only)
(10 mile path)
250 µsec, maximum
300 µsec, maximum
PAGE 2-4
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System (Single Hop Performance)
Transmit Frequencies
A1 channel
Dual-band
5281.1 MHz
Single-band
5756.0 MHz
A2 channel
5756.0 MHz
5794.1 MHz
B1 channel
5318.9 MHz
N/A
B2 channel
5794.1 MHz
N/A
Receive Frequencies
A1 channel
Dual-band
5756.0 MHz
Single-band
5794.1 MHz
A2 channel
5281.1 MHz
5756.0 MHz
B1 channel
5794.1 MHz
N/A
B2 channel
5318.9 MHz
N/A
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
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2.2.5
Digital Line Interface
Data Interface
100BaseT (fully compatible with IEEE 802.3u)
Connectors
RJ-45/48c (wire)
ST (fiber)
Remote Loopback
Internal test signal
Configuration
Half duplex or full duplex on the WAN interface
Filtering
15,000 frames per second theoretical, before forwarding
Buffer
256-frame
LAN Table
10,000 MAC addresses
Self-learning
Automatic learning and aging
Digital Capacity
~45 Mbps full or half duplex (90 Mbps total)
PAGE 2-6
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2.2.6
Auxiliary Connections
Orderwire Interface
2-wire, 4-pin modular jack, female (RJ-11)
REN (Ringer Equivalency Number)
1.0 B
DTMF tones
within ±1.5% of nominal freq. (+0-6 dB)
Ringing Voltage
48 VDC, typical
(use telephones with solid state ringers, NOT adequate for older style mechanical ringers)
VF Orderwire Bridge
600 ohm balanced, 4-wire, 0 dBm, DB-9, male
Diagnostic Port
RS-232, DB-9, male
Aux Data (clear service channel)
RS-232, ≤9600 baud, DB-9, female
Alarm
2 x Form C, DB-9, female
Test Points
Output Power
Near-end and far-end received signal level (RSL)
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
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2.2.7
Temperature and Environment
Operating Temperature Range
-15 to +65°C
Humidity
95% non-condensing
Altitude
4,500 meters, maximum
2.2.8
Power
DC Input Voltage
±20 to ±63 VDC
Power Consumption
< 45 watts
AC Adapter (optional)
100-250 VAC, 50-60 Hz
Connector
Barrier strip, plug-in type
PAGE 2-8
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2.2.9
Regulatory Information
FCC Identifier
Dual-band
HZB-U5358/45
Single-band
HZB-U58/45
FCC Rule Parts
15.407 (UNII)
15.407 (UNII)
Industry Canada ID
TBD
TBD
IC Rule Parts
RSS 210 (LE-LAN)
RSS-210 (LE-LAN)
2.2.10
Mechanical
Width (for 19-inch EIA
rack mounting)
437 mm (17.2") rack mounting brackets supplied
Height
89 mm (3.5") (2RU)
Depth
368 mm (14.5")
Weight
5 kg. (11 lbs.)
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
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2.3
2.3.1
Front Panel Description
General
The Tsunami radio front panel, as shown in Figure 2-1, has LED indicators, test points, controls and
connections that are used for installation, maintenance, operation and troubleshooting. Prior to
installation, it is best to be familiar with the front panel of your particular model. Sections 2.3.2 through
2.3.5 briefly describe the front panel access and indicators.
Figure 2-1: Front Panel, 2.4 GHz
PAGE 2-10
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2.3.2
ON
Test Points / Power Indicator
This is an LED indication. When lit GREEN, Tsunami is powered.
The Tsunami radio products do not have an on/off switch.
GND
This is a test point referenced to chassis ground. This is used in conjunction with the
next two test points to measure voltages related to radio performance.
RSL
This is a test point which relates to the Received Signal Level (RSL). A voltage can
be measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference) which
corresponds to the actual power level of the incoming received signal. While the
DISPLAY FAR END button is pressed, this RSL voltage corresponds to the RSL of
the far-end radio. These measurements are used during installation, maintenance
and troubleshooting.
LOCAL
TX PWR
This is a test point which corresponds to the output transmit power of the radio. A
voltage can be measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference)
which corresponds to the actual power level of the outgoing signal. This
measurement is used during installation, maintenance and troubleshooting
This voltage only applies to the near-end and does not allow measurement
of the far-end output transmit power, even when the DISPLAY FAR END
button is pressed.
There is a receptacle on the front panel to the right of the LOCAL TX PWR test point
which is an installation adjustment allowing the output transmit power to be
increased or decreased within the radio's specified limits. Using a small screwdriver,
this adjustment is used to set the output power of the transmitter, in accordance to
the path planning.
The Tsunami system requires professional installation. Transmitted output
power limits may apply when using this radio. Consult FCC, IC, Glenayre
Western Multiplex or other regulatory authorities for limits which may apply.
See Section 3.13.1 for details on setting output power.
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
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2.3.3
Alarm and Status Indicators
TXD
When lit GREEN, indicates transmitted data is active at the data port.
RXD
When lit GREEN, indicates received data is active at the data port.
COLL
This is an alarm. When lit RED, indicates that Ethernet collisions are occurring.
These collisions may be normal for a heavily used WAN, but should be remedied as
soon as possible as the maximum throughput of the radio link is not being realized.
It is normal for the COLL indicator to blink occasionally.
NMS
This is the network management system alarm. When lit RED, this alarm condition
indicates that there is a problem with the connection to the NMS of the Tsunami
radio.
RF LINK
When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that the intended received signal
is not being received. This alarm may indicate problems related to the path,
connections, or the near-end or far-end radio hardware.
T1 Input
When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating a problem with the wayside T1
connection.
RADIO
FAIL
When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating a major failure with the near-end
radio hardware. It can also indicate improper connections to the CEPT-1 input port.
FAR END
When lit RED, this is an alarm condition indicating that there are alarm or status
conditions present on the far-end radio. Press and hold the "Display Far End" button
on the near-end radios to indicate the alarm conditions for the far-end radio terminal.
Monitoring the far-end alarms can be helpful for radio installation and routine
maintenance.
PAGE 2-12
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2.3.4
DISPLAY
FAR END
Controls
This push-button provides the capability to determine alarms and status of the farend radio. When pressed and held, the alarm and status LEDs and the RSL test
point correspond to the far-end radio’s status and RSL value. This can be used for
installation, maintenance and troubleshooting. When the LED on this switch is
flashing, no far-end information is available. This typically indicates that there is no
link between near-end and far-end radios.
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
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2.3.5
Connections
ELECTRONIC ORDERWIRE (EOW)
This connection is used to access the orderwire function. This is a facility for "telephone" style service
from one radio to another. A standard electronic telephone [one with a handset and DTMF (pushbutton tone) dialing] plugs into this connector. The user can dial the orderwire address of the far-end
radio (or any radio in the Tsunami network) to establish telephone communication between sites. This
communication does not interrupt or interfere with the other radio communications. The radio link
must be operational to use this facility. The orderwire feature can be very useful for installation,
maintenance and troubleshooting.
- Touch-tone Telephone* (for communication with far-end)
*Telephone connection specifications:
REN (Ringer Equivalency Number)
1.0 B
DTMF tones
within ±1.5% of nominal freq.
Ringing Voltage
48 VDC, typical
(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,
NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
RF CONNECTION
The RF port of the Tsunami radio is an N-type female connector that is an integral part of the filter
assembly. The filter assembly occupies nearly the entire top half of the front panel. The N-Type
connector is used to connect the antenna, typically using coaxial transmission line. In some cases,
waveguide may be used as the primary transmission line, in which case a waveguide-to-N adapter is
required.
For the Tsunami, 1/2" or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 or LDF4.5-50)
is recommended. Coaxial cable that is 7/8” or larger can exhibit
moding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommended for 5.8 GHz radios.
For waveguide transmission line at 5.8 GHz, EW-52 waveguide is
recommended. EW-63 will also work, but may exhibit more loss.
DATA CONNECTION
The connection for the Fast Ethernet interface that carries the signals in and out of the radio is a RJ45
100BaseT wire connection or ST 100BaseT fiber connection.
PAGE 2-14
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AUXILIARY CONNECTIONS
There are 6 auxiliary data connections for Tsunami as shown in Figure 2-3.
VF
This connector is used to link two Tsunami radios at a repeater site for Orderwire
operation. This would allow orderwire "telephone" calls to and from any point in the
Tsunami network.
The Tsunami orderwire circuit can also be connected to other existing
orderwire networks. See Section 3.14.1 for details.
ALARM
This connector is used for monitoring alarms electrically. The Form C relays can be
connected to other transmission equipment for monitoring alarm status locally or
remotely.
CONFIG
This is a serial interface port (RS-232 to the Tsunami radio. This port provides
configuration and maintenance information about the Tsunami radio(s) to a
connected computer or terminal.
AUX
DATA
This is a serial interface port (RS-232, ≤9600 baud) which allows the user to connect
auxiliary serial data from one point in the radio network to another. It can be used for
separate data connection for serial devices.
10BaseT
NMS
This is an Ethernet connection for access to the Tsunami NMS (SNMP/HTML).
T1
This is a wayside data channel for T1 (DS-1) interface of auxiliary
traffic.
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
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2.4
Rear Panel Description
The Tsunami radio rear panel, is blank. All connections and indications are on the front panel for
“single panel” access
PAGE 2-16
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2.5
Installation Accessories
The Tsunami radio is shipped with several accessories commonly required for the radio as described
below:
AC Power
Supply
If ordered as an option, this power supply provides AC to DC conversion for use
with AC powered locations.
AC Power
Cord
This power cord connects the AC Power Supply, if ordered, to a standard 115V
U.S. AC outlet.
Rack Mount
Brackets
Two brackets (along with required mounting screws) are provided which allow 19inch rack mounting of the Tsunami radio.
Terminal
Connector
This is a 6-pin mating connector used for DC power supply.
Connector
9-pin
Four of these mating connectors are provided. One is used for the VF port, one for
the CONFIG port, one for the ALARMS port and one for the AUX DATA port.
RF Power
Adjustment
Cover
A small plastic cap is provided which is placed over the RF output power
adjustment receptacle once output power has been set by professional installation
personnel.
Other accessories are available, such as orderwire handsets, connector adapters and special cables.
These can be ordered separately upon request.
SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
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3. Installation & Adjustments
3.1
Shipping Container
The equipment is shipped in boxes unless ordered as an integrated system and configured at the
factory, in which case the equipment may be racked and shipped in a crate. The equipment is
packaged so as to prevent damage in transit.
The boxes should be left intact and sheltered until arrival at the installation site.
If the shipping container shows signs of damage, the
transportation company should be notified immediately. Extra
care and inspection of the contents is advised immediately upon
receipt.
It is recommended that all the packaging materials be
retained. In the unlikely event that the equipment must be
returned to the factory, use the original packing materials for
return shipment. The original packaging materials are also
recommended for transporting the equipment from
location to location.
Inside the primary shipping containers, internal boxes may contain other items. These boxes
should also be saved for future use.
Also, save the Tsunami radio test data sheet that is provided.
The test data sheet can be placed where the Tsunami terminal
will be installed for future quick reference. This sheet could also
be placed in the front pocket of this manual, and the manual
kept at the radio location for future reference. All Tsunami units
are individually tested and the actual measured performance
recorded on the Factory Test Data Sheet. You will find this
information to be of use during installation, troubleshooting and
maintenance.
A set of quick installation instructions is also provided which can be useful for easy reference
during installation.
SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS
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3.2
Packing Items Identification
The primary shipping container houses the radio along with other items including:
PAGE 3-2
❖
This manual
❖
Installation accessory kit (see Section 2.5)
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3.3
Before Installation Task List
There are several tasks that should be accomplished prior to installing the Tsunami radio system.
This section briefly describes the following:
- Site selection
- Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance determination
- Anticipated RSL calculation
- Fade margin calculation
- Availability calculation
- Frequency plan determination
- Power supply planning
- Antenna (and accessories) purchase
Only directional antennas should be used with Tsunami radios.
These are typically flat panel or solid parabolic antennas.
Glenayre Western Multiplex recommends a maximum
beamwidth of 10 degrees for directional systems.
3.3.1
Site Selection Requirements
The radio site must have:
- access to the appropriate power
- close proximity to the telephone or computer system you wish to interconnect
- line-of-sight to the other radio location with adequate clearance
- location for mounting the antenna
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3.3.2
Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance Guidelines
The Tsunami radios will not operate properly unless they have line-of-sight between their
corresponding antennas. The Tsunami radio transmission will not pass through trees or other
obstacles. Factors to consider include:
- Earth curvature
- Future growth of trees
- Height of buildings
In addition to the line-of-sight requirement, a well-engineered path will also have additional path
clearance to allow for signal loss due to partial obstructions, atmospheric ducting and ground
reflections. To maximize radio reception, 0.6 times the first Fresnel zone should be calculated and
this distance added to the path clearance (in addition to trees or buildings).
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3.3.3
RSL Calculation and Link Budget
The received signal level (RSL) can be estimated using the following formula:
RSL (dBm) = Pout - FL1+ G1 + G2 - FL2 - Lp
where: Pout is the transmitter output power (in dBm)
FL1 is the feeder loss of the transmit side (in dB)
G1 is the gain of the transmit antenna (in dB)
G2 is the gain of the receive antenna (in dB)
FL2 is the feeder loss of the receive side (in dB)
Lp is the Path loss, defined by:
Lp (dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10F + 20 log10D
where: F = Frequency in GHz (2.4 or 5.8)
D = Distance of path in miles
This link budget is very important for determining any potential problems during installation. If you
have calculated the expected RSL, you can see if it has been achieved during installation, and
troubleshoot if necessary.
In the USA and Canada, Tsunami radios may be installed with any gain directional
antennas but with a total system limit of +30 dbm EIRP for the 5.3 GHz transmitter
channel frequencies. 5.8 GHz transmitters have an EIRP limit of +53 dBm. For the
equation above, replace the Pout - FL1+ G1 by the EIRP limit.
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3.3.4
Fade Margin Calculation
The fade margin is the difference between the actual received signal and the radio’s threshold.
Using the formula provided in Section 3.3.3, the anticipated RSL can be calculated. Compare this
RSL to the specified threshold of the Tsunami radio (shown in Section 2.2) and calculate the fade
margin as the difference between the two signal levels.
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3.3.5
Availability Calculation
Availability of the microwave path is a measure of the percent of the time that the link will operate
without producing an excessive BER due to multipath fading. In the absence of direct interference,
availability is affected by the following:
- Path length
- Fade margin
- Frequency (5.3 or 5.8 GHz in the case of these Tsunami radios)
- Terrain (smooth, average, mountainous)
- Climate (dry, temperate, hot/humid)
Depending on the type of traffic carried over the link, the system designer may wish to design for
a specific availability. For example, if the data or voice traffic that is carried by the radio is critical
then it may be designed for a very high availability (e.g. 99.999% or 5.3 minutes of outage per
year). To improve availability, for example, the fade margin can be increased by making the path
shorter, or by using higher gain antennas in conjunction with lower loss feeders (by using high
quality transmission line or shortening feed length).
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3.3.6
Frequency Plan Determination
When configuring radios in a hub or repeater configuration, careful engineering of the Tsunami
radio frequency plans and antenna locations should be performed in order to minimize potential
interference between the nearby radios. As a rule of thumb, do not place identical frequency plan
radios (e.g. two “A” channel radios) at the same site. In most cases, it is desirable to use a
different frequency plan (e.g. A versus B). However, with careful engineering, placing more than
one radio of the same frequency channel plan at the same site is easily accomplished. In fact, the
Tsunami frequency plan is designed to allow complex hub configurations that may require reusing the same frequency plan. When designing these types of configurations, antenna size and
antenna location are critical. If identical channel plans must be used at the same site, the same
radio channel (e.g. A1 and A1) should be used at a site to minimize interference. Using alternate
channels (e.g. A1 and A2) is less likely to be successful (and therefore not recommended) due to
the high level of transmitter to receiver isolation required from the antenna system.
Sometimes it is required to locate the Tsunami radio nearby a transmitter that is the same as, or
close to the Tsunami receive or transmit frequencies. In this case, the Tsunami terminal that
should be placed closest to this interfering transmitter should be the specific terminal with the
receive frequency which is furthest from this unwanted transmitted frequency. This approach
minimizes the potential of interference. While interference conditions are rare when using the
Tsunami radios, cases of interference may be overcome by exchanging the radios from end to
end or simply reinstalling a different filter unit (if applicable), as described in Section 4.2. In some
cases, changing frequency plans (e.g. from A to B) can also help mitigate any interference.
Section 4.8 of this manual
countermeasures in further detail.
PAGE 3-8
describes
interference
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3.3.7
Power Supply Planning
The Tsunami radio must have access to a supply of appropriate power, either DC or AC (if the AC
adapter option has been ordered). The Tsunami can be powered from a DC battery system, or
from a solar or generator power plant, usually with battery reserves. Typically either a positive or
negative ground 24 or 48 volt supply is used. For DC, be sure the cable is of sufficient gauge to
carry the necessary current and it is less than three (3) meters (9.75 feet) in length.
Before installing the radio, plan for the continuous power consumption needs in accordance with
the specifications given in Section 2.2 of this manual. It is also wise to plan for backup power for
critical communication circuits (including the Tsunami radio). Backup power allows the radios and
associated equipment to continue operation when primary power is interrupted.
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3.3.8
Antenna Planning
Using path planning mathematics, proper antenna size can be determined which will yield the
desired path performance. In general, the larger the antenna that is used with the Tsunami radio,
the better the link will perform. Larger antennas have narrower beamwidth and higher gain, which
will yield better link performance (higher fade margin, better availability) and improve immunity to
interference (due to the smaller beamwidths). However, larger antennas are more costly to
purchase and install than smaller antennas, in some cases requiring special equipment for
installation. All of these factors should be taken into consideration when selecting antennas.
In areas where transmitted output power restrictions apply, the
use of larger antennas will maintain the benefit of narrow
beamwidths and receive gain. However, output power may need
to be reduced to meet regulations. (See Section 3.13.1)
Prior to installation, the specific antenna location and mounting should be determined. This
advanced planning also yields the transmission line requirements.
Only directional antennas should be used with Tsunami
radios. These can be flat panel or solid parabolic antennas.
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3.4
Tools Required
The following tools may be required for the installation of the Tsunami radios:
Phillips (cross tip) screwdrivers (for 19-inch rack mounting and attachment of
brackets)
Small blade standard screwdriver (for power supply connector and RF output power
adjust)
Soldering iron (if using any D-type connectors)
Wire strippers (for removing insulation from power supply and other wiring)
Wire crimpers (if using any RJ-style connectors that aren’t pre-made)
Digital Voltmeter (to measure RSL, Tx output power, Alarms)
The following tools are recommended for the installation of the Tsunami radios:
RF power meter (to measure transmitter output power)
Cellular phone or two-way radio (for talking with far-end crew and tower crew)
Bit Error Rate test set (to test link after installation)
Computer (for Craft Port or NMS access)
Touch-tone Telephone* (to test orderwire circuits and for communication with far-end)
Additional tools will likely be needed for antenna and transmission line installation and antenna
alignment. Consult Sections 3.8 through 3.10 of this manual for more details.
*Telephone connection specifications:
REN (Ringer Equivalency Number)
1.0 B
DTMF tones
within ±1.5% of nominal freq.
Ringing Voltage
48 VDC, typical
(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,
NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
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3.5
Frequency Channel Plans
The Tsunami system offers non-overlapping channel plans. This channel plan arrangement allows
users to implement Tsunami systems in the proximity of other Tsunami radios (planned or
unplanned), hub and repeater applications, and can be used to mitigate interference. The channel
plans are illustrated below in Figures 3-1 through 3-2. Section 4.2 and 4.3 describe how to change
frequency channel assignments of a Tsunami radio.
5250
A1
B1
5281.1
5318.9
5350
5725
A2
B2
5756
5794.1
5825
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 3-1: Channel Plans, Dual-Band
5725
A1
A2
5756
5794.1
5825
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 3-2: Channel Plan, Single-Band
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3.6
Mounting the Tsunami
The Tsunami radio can be mounted at any height in a standard 19-inch rack. Blank rack-mounting
spaces above and below the Tsunami are recommended, especially if the surrounding equipment
dissipates a considerable amount of heat (over 40W).
The Tsunami radio may be set up for mounting with the front edge projecting from the front face
of a standard 19-inch rack using the rack mounting brackets enclosed with the screws in the
Accessory Kit (4 per bracket). The rack mounting brackets may be reversed, in order to install for
flush or cabinet mounting if preferred. Depending on rack configuration, it may be necessary to
remove the four adhesive backed rubber feet on the bottom of the unit.
The Tsunami radio has internal fans which intake and
exhaust on the left and right sides of the chassis. When rack
mounting, it is important to leave a small gap between the
outer edges of the radio and the inside edge of the rack.
The Tsunami radio may alternatively be placed on a table or shelf
attached to a wall. Because of the low weight of the Tsunami, any
mounting option other than rack mounting will be less secure.
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3.7
Power Connection and Wiring
There is no ON/OFF switch on the Tsunami. As soon as
power is applied, the equipment will be operational. This
means that there can be up to 1W of RF power present at
the antenna port. The antenna port should be terminated
before power is applied.
Power is connected using the DC power plug contained in the Accessory Kit. Use Table 3-A or 3B along with the associated diagram of Figure 3-3 or 3-4 to connect the DC power cables. For
example, for a negative DC power input, use Table 3-A and Figure 3-3.
NEGATIVE DC POWER INPUT
(–20 TO –63 VDC)
PIN
FUNCTION
Power (–DC)
Ground (see figure 3-7)
Return (+DC)
Return (+DC)
Ground (see figure 3-7)
Power (–DC)
Table 3-A: DC Power Connection for Negative Supply
POSITIVE DC POWER INPUT
(+20 TO +63 VDC)
PIN
FUNCTION
Return (–DC)
Ground (see figure 3-8)
Power (+DC)
Power (+DC)
Ground (see figure 3-8)
Return (–DC)
Table 3-B: DC Power Connection for Negative Supply
Pins 1 and 6 are connected together on the motherboard. Either
pin may be used to apply (-DC) DC power input. Similarly, pins
3 and 4 are connected together on the motherboard and may
be used to apply (+DC) DC power input.
For DC power return connection, connect to the opposite
voltage (either the -DC or the +DC Pin) and connect the return
to ground at the DC power plug on pins 2 and/or 5.
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3.7.1
DC Power Wiring
Connect the power cable with adequate current rating (minimum of 20 AWG) to the terminals
shown on the removed (not plugged into the radio) DC power plug using the screw connections.
The recommended minimum current rating of external fuses and cables is 3 Amps. The Tsunami
radios consume less than 1 Amp at ±48V and less than 2 Amps at ±24V. Be sure the DC power
cable is less than 3 meters (9.75 feet) in length.
Each Tsunami terminal should be externally fused separately
with a 5 Amp maximum fuse. The DC power cable must be
less than three (3) meters in length.
If using negative power, connect the negative voltage to pins 1 or 6. Connect the ground return
connection to pins 3 or 4. See Figure 3-3.
If using positive power, connect the positive voltage to pins 3 or 4. Connect the ground return
connection to pins 1 or 6. See Figure 3-4.
The ground connection is available at pins 2 and 5. Either pin may be used to ground the return
side of the power supply. Do not ground both sides of the power supply.
Proper grounding, either through the chassis and/or the power
supply, can be very important for protection from lightning. A
grounding screw hole is provided on the rear panel.
The ground connection may be left floating if the power supply
is referenced to ground externally and to avoid ground loops in
some configurations. However, this may not provide adequate
grounding for lightning protection.
Use a DVM (digital voltmeter) to verify voltage and polarity on the DC power plug.
Do not connect the DC power plug to the rear of the Tsunami
terminal until a load is connected to the antenna port (either an
RF pad, or an RF cable and antenna).
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Figure 3-3: Negative Voltage DC Connection
Figure 3-4: Positive Voltage DC Connection
Make sure that when connecting the mating plug that it is
properly oriented (terminal screws pointing up) and securely
fastened.
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3.7.2
AC Power Connection
The optional AC power supply operates from any AC voltage 100V - 250V and 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
The AC supply is equipped with a mating connector that plugs directly into the Tsunami radio and
an AC cord with a 3-pin AC plug. The AC cord color code is shown in Figure 3-5 in case users
wish to replace the AC plug supplied with a different type of plug.
Diagram TBD
Figure 3-5: AC Connection
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3.8
Antenna Connection
The Tsunami radio is equipped with an N-type female connector at the antenna port located on
the rear panel. A short length (~6 feet) jumper cable such as RG-214 coax (or “pigtail”) fitted with
two N-type male connectors can be used to connect the antenna port to the antenna transmission
line (see Section 3.9). The recommended cable type for a jumper is RG-214.
A low loss 50-ohm cable (for example LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax) or EW-52 waveguide is
recommended for the antenna transmission line between the top of the rack and the antenna. The
return loss presented by the transmission line at the top of the rack should be as high as possible
(20 dB, minimum recommended). The length of the antenna transmission line should be kept as
short as possible (to minimize losses).
To minimize feeder losses, the use of elliptical waveguide is recommended (typical loss is 1.25
dB/100 ft) for feeder lengths in excess of 200 feet. Depending on path length and feeder length,
1/2 inch or 5/8 inch coax cable can be used.
For the Tsunami radio, 1/2” or 5/8” coaxial cable (LDF4-50 or
LDF4.5-50) is recommended. Coaxial cable 7/8” or larger can
exhibit moding at 5.8 GHz and is not recommended for 5.8 GHz
radios. For waveguide transmission line at 5.8 GHz, EW-52
waveguide is recommended. EW-63 will also work, but may
exhibit more loss.
Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.8 GHz
Tsunami radios: they may present high loss at 5.8 GHz. Do not
use a low quality N-type jumper cable with the Tsunami. Some
cable types, such as RG-8, may have high loss at 5.8 GHz.
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3.9
Transmission Line Connection
The transmission line feeder (such as LDF4-50 1/2 inch coax cable or EW-52 elliptical
waveguide) should be prepared first by cutting to the approximate length (allowing some excess)
and installing the appropriate connector on the antenna end.
The prepared transmission line is then pulled through the cable ducts, trays or conduit (as
required) to the antenna, while being careful not to kink or damage the transmission line in any
way.
The transmission line should be supported in a tray on horizontal runs and by hangers on vertical
runs. Hangers should be spaced according to the manufacturer’s instructions (typically every 5
feet under conditions of no ice and not greater than 85 mph winds).
The transmission line should be grounded using the manufacture’s recommended grounding kit.
Grounding kits attach to the outer copper conductor. Grounds must be installed at the antenna, at
the bottom of the tower (if applicable) and where the transmission line enters the building. Long
transmission line runs should be grounded every 100 feet. In areas of high incidence of lightning,
dissipaters should be attached to antennas. In addition, coaxial, in-line, spark-gap type, lightning
suppressors should be added at the bottom of the coax cable before entering the
building/enclosure.
Any in-line lightning protection device must be rated for the
operating frequency of the Tsunami (5.3/5.8 GHz).
After installation, the transmission line is terminated with an N-type male connector/adapter
attached at the equipment end. For waveguide, this typically requires a CPR-to-N adapter.
Prior to operation, the electrical integrity of the transmission line, including all connectors, can be
checked with a simple DC check between the center conductor and outer conductor. (This is
neither possible, nor required for waveguide).
The transmission line should ideally be connected directly to the antenna at one end and to the
Tsunami antenna port at the other end. However, short RG-214 type pigtail jumper cables may be
required to avoid sharp bends in the transmission line to limit stress on either connection.
7/8 inch coax cable or larger is not recommended for use at 5.3
GHz and higher frequencies.
Do not use right angle N-type connectors with the 5.3 or 5.8
GHz Tsunami radios: they may present high loss at 5.3 or 5.8
GHz. Do not use a low quality N-type jumper cable with the
Tsunami. Some cable types, such as RG-8, may have too high
a loss at 5.3 and 5.8 GHz.
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3.10 Antenna Installation & Alignment
Due to the possibility of exposure to RF radiation above the recommended
levels, do not stand within two (2) feet of the antenna for prolonged periods
during system operation. It is the responsibility of the installer to insure that
the antenna is mounted in a place that is not accessible to the public.
The antenna installation consists of mounting the antenna on the tower, building roof, or other
location that provides line-of-sight path clearance to the far-end location. In general, antennas
smaller than 2 feet diameter are not recommended for urban areas due to their wider
beamwidths, which results in higher interference susceptibility.
Antennas should be ordered with a suitable mounting kit specific to the site requirements. For
example, specifying round or angle tower leg adapters, or a roof tripod as necessary.
If the antenna is to be mounted indoors, "looking" through a window, it is recommended that the
antenna be placed approximately 12 inches away from the glass and within 10 degrees of a right
angle to the glass. The glass should be lead-free or very low-lead content type and avoid any
metallic glass coatings for best results.
The antenna must be very rigidly mounted, with adequate room for azimuth and elevation
adjustment.
The antenna polarization must be the same at both ends of the link, either vertical or horizontal.
In general, antenna mountings require a support pipe to which upper and lower support brackets
are attached with “U” bolts. The antenna and optional elevation and azimuth adjustment rods are
then mounted onto the support brackets. The whole structure must be adequately grounded for
lightning protection. The antenna system must always be installed according to the manufacturer’s
instructions.
Unless special test equipment is available, two operating Tsunami terminals are required to align
the antennas. Alternatively, a CW generator may be used to transmit a signal toward the end
under alignment.
The antenna is coarse aligned using visual sighting and then fine aligned using the receive signal
level (RSL) voltage of the Tsunami.
The RSL voltage reading can still be used to peak antennas
even if the radios have not synchronized, however far-end RSL
cannot be measured from the near-end terminal until radios
are synchronized.
To coarse align the antenna, first set it for flat elevation (no up or down tilt) using a spirit level.
Then point it at a heading marker obtained using a compass back-bearing from an adjacent
location, (ideally, 100 feet or more away from the antenna).
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If a heading marker cannot be set sufficiently far away (for example when on a city building roof or
looking through a window) then a rough azimuth setting can be obtained by sighting along the
antenna feed.
It should be verified that both antennas are on the same
polarization by using the manufacturer’s instructions. Otherwise
the RSL will be approximately 25 to 30 dB below the calculated
level.
Most antennas will also need fine alignment obtained using an operating link because it is very
important to maximize the receive RF signal level at each end of the radio link.
Read Section 3.7 before applying DC power to the Tsunami radio.
Once the coarse alignment has been set-up at both ends, then the link can be powered and some
level of reliable communication established. The voltage at the Tsunami front panel RSL test point
should be measured with a DVM to determine the relative receive RF signal level.
For the fine alignment, adjusting first the azimuth and then the elevation of the local antenna will
maximize the RSL voltage. Then, the far antenna is aligned in the same way, using the RSL
voltage of its local Tsunami radio.
When aligning antennas it may be convenient to run two wires from the RSL and ground test
points to the antenna so that the voltmeter reading is directly visible to the technicians aligning the
antenna. Also, a cellular telephone or two-way radio may be useful for coordinating alignment
activities between both ends of the link. Once the radios are coarse aligned and synchronized, the
built-in orderwire phone service can also be used to coordinate alignment between both ends of
the link.
An orderwire telephone will provide end-to-end voice
communications once radios are synchronized. Synchronization
usually can be accomplished by coarse alignment only. After
synchronization, the orderwire phones can be used to communicate
between radio sites for antenna fine alignment. The phone
interconnect cable can be extended to the antenna when desired.
The larger the antenna size, the more critical alignment becomes: for example, with a 2 foot dish,
the antenna can be moved ±3 degrees off the correct heading before the receive signal level
drops by 3 dB. This compares with a 6-foot dish which may only be moved ±1 degree for the
same degradation.
The graph shown in Figure 3-6 shows the typical variation of RSL voltage as the receive signal
level is increased from threshold to a higher level. There is some variation between Tsunami
receivers, but an approximate estimate of the potential RSL value may be made using this figure.
Use the Factory Test Data Sheet shipped with your Tsunami terminal to
obtain the best estimate of your RSL.
Above 0 dBm RSL, the receiver may produce errors: however this level is rarely likely to be
exceeded. A link budget calculation should be made to calculate the anticipated RSL as described
in Section 3.3.3. During anomalous propagation conditions, the RSL may fade but will not
increase up more than 10 dB (except in unusual very long paths which may fade up by 15 dB).
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Antenna alignment should enable the RSL to be peaked to the
level calculated in the link budget. If the RSL is peaked but is
approximately 20 dB below the calculated level, then it is likely
that the antennas are aligned on a sidelobe of the antenna's
radiated signal. In this case, the antennas should be rotated in a
wide arc until the main lobe is located. (Other possible causes of
low RSL are path obstructions, loss in connectors, adapters and
pigtail jumper cables or different antenna polarization at each end
of the link.)
Figure 3-6: Typical RSL Voltage versus Received Signal Level (RSL)
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3.11 Ethernet Interface Connection
The 100BaseT interface connection to the Tsunami radio is on the front panel.
Additional external lightning protection devices are recommended
for the connections if the radio is installed in an area prone to
lightning.
The 100BaseT connection to the Tsunami is at the data interface on the front of the shelf. Either
wire or fiber connections can be used.
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3.12 System Turn-up to Service
1.
Prior to installing the system, it may be desirable to perform a back-to-back test of the
Tsunami radio pair. Consult Section 4.9 for further details. Back-to-back testing is a simple
way to verify that the Tsunami radios are fully operational before they are installed.
Installation adds several variables (such as antenna alignment) which can lead to system
turn-up delays. Also, during back-to-back testing, the DIP switch settings and some
connections can be tested. This step can eliminate a majority of troubleshooting once the
radios are installed.
A cellular phone or two-way radio system (walkie talkie, CB,
mobile radio) can be very useful during installation. These
can be used for temporary near-end and far-end
communications between the installation personnel at one
site and installation personnel at the other site while
installing the system. These can also be helpful for
communication between a person at the top of a very tall
tower and ground personnel.
The Tsunami radio incorporates an internal Orderwire feature
that provides end-to-end “telephone” style communications.
However, the link must be partially operational to use this
feature. In lieu of, or in addition to the use of cellular phones
or two-way radio, this Orderwire feature can also be very
useful for installation, but typically cannot be put into service
until step 8 or 9 of this procedure is completed. See Section
3.14.1 for more details.
2.
Perform a general alignment of the antennas on both ends of the path using binoculars,
compass or other related tools. It is important to have the antennas aligned as accurately
as possible before putting radio traffic over the link. This will help in getting the system
running more rapidly. See Section 3.10 for more details.
3.
Connect the transmission line to the antenna, and feed it to the Tsunami radio location
(see Section 3.9). Connect the opposite end of the transmission line to the N-type female
connector located on the filter assembly which occupies the top half of the Tsunami rear
panel. The connection must be terminated into an antenna or a load before DC power is
applied to the radio.
4.
Verify that the same channel plan (e.g. A, B) as the near-end radio, and the opposite Tx
and Rx frequencies (e.g. A1 and A2 make up a matched pair of radios).
5.
With the DC power source active, but not plugged into the Tsunami radio, using a
voltmeter, confirm that the DC mating connector has the proper power connections in
accordance with Section 3.7. Verify the polarity and the absolute voltage on all pins. Verify
ground connection for power.
6.
Connect power to the Tsunami radio. Verify that the Front Panel “ON” LED indication is
illuminated. This confirms that power has been properly applied.
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Ensure that the RF Antenna port connection is properly
terminated before applying power to the Tsunami terminal, as
in step 3.
When the Tsunami radio is initially powered-on, some alarm
conditions may be present. This is normal and alarms can be
ignored at this time.
7.
Place a voltmeter across the GND and PWR front panel test points. See Figure 3-7 for
voltage setting information and Table 3-C for typical output power levels for given cable
lengths where EIRP limits apply. If necessary, use a small screwdriver at the front panel
receptacle to adjust the output power of the local transmitter in accordance with the path
analysis calculations. The recessed potentiometer is rotated clockwise to increase
transmit output power and counter clockwise to decrease transmit output power. After
verifying correct setting of the transmit output power, disconnect the voltmeter. Place the
cover cap found in the installation accessory kit over the front panel receptacle.
The Tsunami radio requires professional installation. With some
Tsunami models, in certain countries, there may be Effective
Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) limits which dictate the
maximum output power that the Tsunami radio can transmit
given the transmission line loss and the gain of the antenna.
Consult with appropriate government agencies or Glenayre
Western Multiplex if there is any question regarding maximum
output power allowed.
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Figure 3-7: Typical RF Output Power versus PWR Voltage
Use the Tsunami Factory Test Data sheet to determine more
precisely the voltage corresponding to the RF output power.
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For precision measurement of transmit output power, it is best
to connect an RF power meter to the antenna port. The PWR
port voltage may not provide enough precision. This is
especially important where EIRP limits apply to the installation.
In cases of no EIRP limits, the radio transmitter output power
can be adjusted to maximum for installation, except for very
short paths using very high gain antennas, where excessive
power may not be advised.
Don’t forget that the RF output port should be terminated at all
times when power is applied to the Tsunami radio. Therefore,
disconnect power to the radio before connecting a power meter
and reapply power once connected. Often, an RF power meter
may have a limit to the input power that it can measure without
damage. It is advised to place a calibrated fixed value RF
attenuator (typically 20 dB or more) between the Tsunami radio
and the power meter to assure proper operation and safety for
the RF power meter. The value of this fixed attenuation can then
be added to the value of the RF power meter reading to obtain
the actual Tsunami radio transmitter output power.
8.
Connect a voltmeter across the GND and RSL front panel test points. This
voltage reading corresponds to the Received Signal Level (RSL) of the near-end radio. In
other words, RSL is the “amount” of signal the near-end radio is receiving from the farend radio. Since the antennas have not been finely aligned, it is not expected at this time
that the RSL will read very high. However, at this point it can be verified that some
communication is taking place between the two Tsunami terminals. Use the RSL voltage
reading to align the antennas. Align one antenna at a time in accordance with Section
3.10. Complete alignment of both ends of the radio link before going further.
The RSL voltage output on the radio's front panel will output a
voltage range over the full receiving capability of the radio
(approximately 10 VDC at 0 dBm to 0.0 VDC at threshold).
The Tsunami radio has a unique feature of allowing measurement of the far-end RSL from the
near-end radio. This is only possible if the Tsunami radios are communicating (the RSL is above
threshold). The far-end RSL can be used to verify that adjustments to local antenna alignment are
corresponding to the far-end radio reception. Far-end RSL is measured by pressing and holding
the DISPLAY FAR END front panel button. While this button is held, the RSL voltage indicates the
RSL of the far-end radio. RSL of both ends should be verified to be within approximately 2 dB of
predicted value (see Section 3.3.3). There are several factors that can contribute to low RSL:
- Incorrect antenna alignment (aligned on a lobe and not on the main signal)
- Improper polarization alignment of antennas (horizontal vs. vertical)
- Transmission line problems (loose connections, bent or damaged cables, lossy
adapters)
- Path obstructions (trees, buildings, hills, etc.)
- Path clearance (line-of-sight, earth curvature, Fresnel zone, diffraction and partial
obstruction)
- Weather (inversion layers, ducting and multipath)
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- Antenna feed (coaxial/connector) problem
The Tsunami radio requires professional installation. Don’t
forget that the transmitter output power adjustment on the
Tsunami radio effects the RSL. Depending on EIRP limits (if
any), path distance, and antenna gain, you may need to
adjust the output transmit power to the proper level before
putting the radios in service.
If radio synchronization has been established, the radio link
may be able to provide some limited communications over the
link. It can be helpful to establish voice communications from
one end of the radio link to the other using the Orderwire
feature of the Tsunami radio. See Section 3.14.1 for details.
If RSL is lower than anticipated, recheck the path clearance and transmission line as these are
the typical causes of low RSL. Radio operations can be verified by connecting radios back-to-back
with attenuators (40-60 dB), (see Section 4.9). If the problem remains, consult Section 4 of this
manual for troubleshooting techniques which will help determine the source of the problem.
9.
Once radio performance is verified and acceptable, the Tsunami radios can now be put
into service with the intended Fast Ethernet traffic. Connect to the LAN or computer using
the RJ45 (wire) or ST (fiber) 100BaseT connector. With Fast Ethernet traffic applied in
both directions, all front panel LEDs, except for POWER and the data TXD/RXD lights
should be off. If any other LEDs are on, consult the trouble shooting sections of this
manual.
10.
Now that the link is operational, other services can be connected including Orderwire,
Diagnostics, Alarms and Aux Data (Service Channel). Consult Section 3.14 for details on
these connections.
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Feeder Feeder
Length Length
Meters
Feet
3.0
10
6.1
20
9.1
30
12.2
40
15.2
50
18.3
60
21.3
70
24.4
80
27.4
90
30.5
100
33.5
110
36.6
120
39.6
130
42.7
140
45.7
150
48.8
160
51.8
170
54.9
180
57.9
190
61.0
200
64.0
210
67.1
220
70.1
230
73.2
240
76.2
250
79.2
260
82.3
270
85.3
280
88.4
290
91.4
300
94.5
310
97.5
320
100.6
330
103.6
340
106.7
350
109.7
360
112.8
370
115.8
380
118.9
390
121.9
400
TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm)
A/B Chan., 5/8" Coax
C Channel, 1/2" Coax
A/B Chan., 1/2" Coax
1' Panel
2' Panel
1' Dish
1' Panel
2' Panel
1' Dish
1' Panel
2' Panel
1' Dish
C Channel, 5/8" Coax
2' Dish
1' Panel
2' Panel
1' Dish
2' Dish
This chart not yet available;
will be completed prior to
first product shipment.
Table 3-C: Transmitter Output Power Adjustment, 0 dBW (5.3 GHz) and +23
dBW (5.8 GHz) EIRP Installations
(As apply to the in US and Canada)
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3.13 Output Power Adjustment
The Tsunami radio requires professional installation. In certain cases, it is necessary to adjust the
output power from the factory setting, for example:
❖
❖
❖
to meet EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) limits.
to avoid exceeding the maximum far-end RSL of 0 dBm.
to coordinate a hub or repeater location.
To ensure maximum protection of the radio circuits, always
ensure the antenna connector is terminated when power is
applied.
For precise measurement of transmitter power, a calibrated RF power meter (such as the HP
435B with Power Sensor HP8481) is recommended. This power sensor can be connected directly
to the output of the radio without exceeding the power rating. With some power meters, it may be
necessary to place a calibrated in-line fixed attenuator between the radio antenna port and the
power meter so as to not exceed the power meter’s maximum input level. Thruline power meters
do not operate at Tsunami RF frequencies.
If adjusting the output power to meet an EIRP limit, it will be first necessary to calculate the overall
system gains and losses, including feeder losses for the type of transmission line installed and the
antenna gain. Also refer to Table 3-C for transmitter output power settings where installed with
various transmission line lengths and antenna sizes. You may determine the radio transmit power
for EIRP limited installations by the following equation:
Tx Power (dBm) = EIRP Limit(dBm) + Feeder Loss(dB) - Antenna Gain(dB)
For the US and Canda, a +30 dBm EIRP limit applies for
channels A and B of these Tsunami radios. A +53 dBm EIRP
limit applies for channel C.
Output power may be adjusted using a small screwdriver and rotating the potentiometer which is
recessed behind the front panel. Clockwise rotation increases output power while counterclockwise rotation decreases output power.
In lieu of a calibrated RF power meter, the PWR test port voltage can be used to estimate the
output power. Figure 3-7 illustrates the voltage reading for various output power levels. The
factory test data sheet should be used to establish a more precise setting of this adjustment.
After setting the correct output power, place the cover cap
found in the installation accessory kit over the front panel
receptacle.
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3.14 Additional Connections
There are additional customer connections which are optional and are not required to make the
Tsunami operational but may prove useful.
3.14.1
Orderwire Connection
Orderwire is a “telephone” type wayside service which allows users of the Tsunami radio to
establish voice communications from one radio to another, either directly to the companion farend, or through a repeater configuration, or several repeater configurations.
Telephone connection specifications:
REN (Ringer Equivalency Number)
1.0 B
DTMF tones
within ±1.5% of nominal freq.
Ringing Voltage
48 VDC, typical
(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,
NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
This Orderwire service does not affect the normal radio transmission of traffic. Refer to Section
2.3.5 for the telephone specifications. For simple near-end to far-end communications, follow the
steps below:
1.
Using a standard RJ-11 telephone cable, connect a standard electronic telephone (a
touch tone phone, complete with dialer; a handset by itself will not work) to the Orderwire
connector on the Tsunami front panel. This connector is wired identically to a standard
two-wire telephone jack, see Figure 3-18 for details.
2.
With a telephone connected to each Tsunami terminal on opposite ends of the link, either
telephone can be used to “dial-up” the far-end location. The far-end terminal’s internal
ringer and the connected telephone will ring, and if answered, two-way full-duplex voice
communication is established.
If using the Orderwire or Network management functions, all
Tsunami radios connected must have unique address settings
(telephone numbers).
4. If the Tsunami radios are connected in a repeater configuration, Orderwire services can be
established to all Tsunami terminals in the network by implementing a connection of their
rear-panel connectors between repeater terminals. At the repeater site, a cable can be
connected to the two Tsunami terminals between their rear panel VF 9-pin connectors as
shown in Figure 3-8. With this cable in place, the Orderwire function will operate at terminals
at each end of the repeater and at the repeater site. This function can be continued through
several repeater sites if desired. For hub connections of 3 or more Tsunami radios at the
same site, an external 4-wire bridge is required to connect all radios to the orderwire.
The orderwire system can be integrated with orderwire
equipment supported by many other vendors. If your existing
orderwire network uses 2 digit addressing, and 0 dBm VF
interface, it can be connected to a Tsunami as shown in Figure
3-8.
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Dialing a ✶ (star key) on the orderwire telephone implements an “all call”
feature which rings all connected radios. Also, if a phone anywhere in the
connected network has accidentally been left off-hook, the # (pound key)
key can be used to mute all off-hook handsets until they are placed on
and off hook again.
The orderwire operates like a “party line”. All telephones provide
communication to all other telephones in the connected network. Even if
a particular telephone does not ring, it can still be used to talk and listen
to any ongoing orderwire activity if the orderwire is in use at other
terminal locations.
Diagrams to be supplied
VF Connector
OrderWire
Connection
Figure 3-8: VF Port Connection
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3.14.2
Alarm Connections
External alarm outputs are provided at the 9-pin, D-type subminiature ALARM connector. There
are two Form C summary alarm relays capable of switching 30 VDC at 1 A. See Table 3-E and
Figure 3-9 for Alarm Connections.
The “summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any near-end front panel LED alarm
condition, including if the internal test mode is enabled.
The “out-of-service summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any of the following alarm
conditions:
❖
RF LINK
❖
Radio Fail
❖
Internal Test
Diagram to be provided
Figure 3-9: Pin Connections, ALARM Interface
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PIN 1
NO, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normally
open connection on summary alarm relay.
Closed when in alarm.
PIN 7
NO, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,
FORM C - normally open connection on outof-service summary alarm relay. Closed when
in alarm.
PIN 2
C, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - common
connection on the summary alarm relay.
PIN 8
C, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,
FORM C - common connection for the out-ofservice summary alarm relay.
PIN 3
NC, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normally
closed connection on summary alarm relay.
PIN 9
NC, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,
FORM C - normally closed connection on outof-service summary alarm relay. Open when
in alarm.
Table 3-E: Alarm Interface Connections
All alarms are active for a minimum of one second, or as long
as the alarm condition persists, which ever is longer.
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3.14.3
Config Port Operation
The Config Port is used to retrieve diagnostic about the Tsunami radios by means of a computer
connection.
The config port allows connection of RS-232 devices to poll and receive status of the Tsunami
radio. The config port provides all front panel alarm and control information and can also provide
extended information including some advanced diagnostics and configuration information. Any
information that is available on the far-end terminal is also available at the near-end config port
(such as far-end RSL, far-end alarms).
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3.14.3.1
Config Port (RS-232)
For RS-232 diagnostics connection to the Tsunami radio, connect the serial device (modem,
computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-10.
Figure 3-10: RS-232 Config Port Connections
Pins 6 through 9 must not be connected for RS-232
communications to operate properly.
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3.14.4
AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) Connection
The AUX DATA port is a separate wayside serial port which can be configured to allow the
connection of any user serial data (to 9600 baud) through the radio network. Connection to the
AUX DATA port is an RS-232 serial interface, identical to the config port (see Section 3.14.3).
This port does not affect the Ethernet traffic on the Tsunami radio.
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Your Notes on the Tsunami Radio
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4. Troubleshooting
4.1
Regular Maintenance
The Tsunami radios do not require any regular maintenance, however, it is prudent to monitor the
radio link at regular intervals to assure that the link conditions are not changing. When visiting a
radio site for maintenance, the following items may be checked and their results recorded:
❖
RSL Voltage
❖
PWR Voltage
❖
Far-end RSL Voltage
❖
Alarm conditions
❖
Verify radio has adequate ventilation
If any alarm conditions exist, they should be recorded, and troubleshooting procedures from this
Section of the manual should be followed.
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4.2
Changing Frequency Plans
The Tsunami RF frequency selections are listed in Section 3.5. The near-end radio and the farend radio must be corresponding (e.g. A1 / A2). The frequency of a given Tsunami terminal is set
by the specific filter, the physical orientation of this assembly, and a setting within the CONFIG
port.
With respect to a given filter, the frequencies are fixed, because tuned RF filters are required for
normal operation. Changing of the (pretuned) radio frequencies may be required when installing
spares or for special situations, such as interference mitigation. This is accomplished by installing
an alternate filter.
For any given model of Tsunami, the frequency channel can be changed by swapping the filter.
It is not necessary to remove the cover assembly of the Tsunami
1. Remove any cables connected to the antenna connector on the diplexer (filter) and then
remove the two screws which mount the filter to the Tsunami chassis.
2. Slowly remove the filter from the chassis being careful to not endanger the cables that are
connected to the rear side of the filter.
3. Disconnect the two SMA connectors that are attached to the rear of the filter with a 5/16”
open end wrench.
4. Select the new filter such that the frequency channel label on the filter corresponds to the
desired frequency channel.
5. Connect the two SMA connectors to the new or reoriented filter with the 5/16” open end
wrench.
6. Slowly place the wired filter assembly so that it is flush with the rear panel.
7. Install the two screws which mount the filter to the rear panel.
8. Modify the operating frequency as described in the CONFIG menus
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4.3
Using a Spare Terminal
One spare Tsunami terminal of a given model type will service any other radio in that same model
type, independent of frequency channel plan. For example, a similar model 5.8 GHz channel A2
can be used as a spare for any A or B channel radio at 5.8 GHz. See Section 4.2 for changing
frequencies of a spare radio.
Customers with several radios, or radios in critical operations are encouraged to purchase one or
more spare radios of each model in their system. This will allow rapid restoration of radio service
in the unlikely event of a radio failure.
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4.4
Technical Support
Glenayre Western Multiplex provides 24-hour telephone technical support for installed Tsunami
radios. Customers are encouraged to troubleshoot the radio and link in accordance with the latter
part of this section in this manual before contacting Glenayre Western Multiplex. Glenayre
Western Multiplex also has a limited supply of Tsunami radios that can be loaned to out-of-service
customers for installation while units are being repaired. Loaner supply is limited, and is only used
for critical applications on a first-come, first-served basis.
Customer service #:
PAGE 4-4
+1 408 542-5390
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4.5
Repair Policy
The Tsunami terminal includes comprehensive alarm indicators designed to diagnose potential
faults. Should a fault occur, it often may be resolved by operator adjustment.
Should a fault occur that cannot be resolved by operator adjustment and has been confirmed by
looping terminals together on the bench (See Section 4.9), then the equipment should be returned
to the factory for repair.
The Tsunami radio is a complex system not designed for user repair. Do not remove the cover or
open any part of the Tsunami terminal. The complete Tsunami terminal should be sent back in its
original packing material for factory repair.
Please contact the factory in advance of returning the product. You will be assigned a Return
Material Authorization (RMA) number that authorizes your return. Units sent to the factory without
an RMA number may be delayed in the processing of the repair. Be sure to include the following
information:
❖
RMA number
❖
description of the problem
❖
your name and telephone number
❖
return shipping address
❖
urgency of repair
Please refer to the published Warranty policy for repair policy
details.
Tsunami radios should be packaged in their original packing
boxes for shipment whenever possible Glenayre Western
Multiplex can provide an empty box shipment to facilitate
proper packaging. Regardless, proper and adequate packaging
must be used for shipments to protect the radio(s) from
damage. Glenayre Western Multiplex can not be held
responsible for any repairs due to inadequately packed
materials. Damage caused by improper packing will likely result
in higher repair costs and delays (refer to the Warranty section
at the beginning of this manual).
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4.6
Front Panel Status LEDs
There are several front panel status LEDs on the Tsunami radio. These LEDs indicate conditions
where either a hardware failure has occurred or the radio link is not optimum. In many cases, a
combination of LEDs may be illuminated. The following sections describe the necessary
troubleshooting procedures should any LED(s) indicate a problem during or after installation.
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4.6.1
RF LINK Alarm
Function:
This LED indicates that the demodulator function is not synchronizing with the intended received
signal.
Possible Causes:
❖
Severe path fading due to atmospheric conditions, usually accompanied by low RSL
voltage reading
❖
Poor transmission line connections usually accompanied by low RSL voltage reading
❖
Antenna problems, misalignment, or path clearance usually accompanied by low RSL
voltage reading
❖
Improper radio settings (e.g. frequency channel)
❖
Received signal level (RSL) is too strong
❖
Interference
❖
Far-End radio transmitter circuitry is faulty
❖
Near-End radio receiver circuitry is faulty
Recommended Actions:
Check the following at each end of the link:
❖ Verify that rear panel filters are opposite channel plans on each end (e.g. one is A1 and
other is A2).
❖
Verify that rear panel DIP switch settings match each installed filter (see Section
3.12.1).
❖
Verify that all connections between radios and antennas are secure and all devices
between radios and antennas are rated for the radio frequency band (5.3/5.8 GHz).
Measure RSL by placing a voltmeter across RSL and GND test points. Compare this voltage to
the Factory Test Data Sheet and estimate the RSL in dBm. Compare this to the RSL that was
expected using path calculations (see Section 3.3.3). Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR END
button and measure the far-end RSL (while continuing to hold the button). Compare this RSL to
the Factory Test Data Sheet for the far-end radio and estimate the RSL in dBm. Again, compare
this RSL to the expected RSL from the link budget calculations.
If RSL from both ends of the radio are approximately the same as each other, but lower than
anticipated for this installation, then the likely cause of the BER alarm(s) is excessive losses
between the radios. Excessive loss problems could include the transmission line at either end, all
adapters, connectors, the antennas, the antenna alignment as well as the path itself (any
obstructions or clearance problems). Antenna alignment, line-of-sight and path clearance should
be verified; if this does not improve RSL, all devices between the radios and their antennas at
both ends should be checked. Make sure all transmission line, connectors and any other devices
are properly rated for operation at the radio's frequency (5.3/5.8 GHz).
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If only one end has low RSL, this could be caused by low transmit output power from the opposite
end radio. Verify that the transmitter output power of the radio opposite to the low RSL receiver
has been set in accordance to path calculations, or EIRP restrictions (where applicable). Power
adjustment must be performed by professional installation personnel only. The PWR test point
can be used and compared with the Factory Test Data Sheet, the front panel recessed
potentiometer can be turned clockwise to increase power. If an RF power meter is available, this
can be connected to the RF output of the radio for precision measurement. This test will also
verify that the radio transmitter is working properly.
If one terminal (or both) has high RSL, this could be caused by a very short path or interference.
To verify the possible presence of interference, remove DC power to the radio which is opposite to
the one that is reading high RSL. Once power is removed, measure RSL on the remaining radio.
If RSL voltage is higher than that which is listed for "Threshold" in the Factory Test Data Sheet,
then an interfering signal is present. If interference is suspected, the easiest potential remedy is to
swap frequency channels on both sides of the link. See Section 4.2 for details. Swap terminals at
both ends of the link so that they are the opposite from their original installation. After both ends
are moved, reconnect the radios and determine if the BER alarm is still active. If the BER alarm is
still active, other frequency channels can be installed, or other interference countermeasures can
be tried, in accordance with Section 4.8.
If all path related and data input problems have been pursued and the BER alarm is still active,
the problem could be related to a radio failure. While radio failure is typically indicated by more
severe alarm conditions, it is possible that one of the radios may be out of specification, and this
could be the cause of the BER alarm. A back-to-back test will verify proper radio operation. See
Section 4.9 for details. A threshold test on both radios along with a test to verify proper RF output
power would be beneficial.
Perform a back-to-back test before returning any radio terminal to
the factory for repair. A back-to-back test verifies radio operation.
(See Section 4.9).
If the radios successfully pass their back-to-back testing, the problem is likely with the path or the
connections between the radio and the antenna or interference. Before reinstalling the radios, be
sure to set the output power to the appropriate level for the installation.
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4.6.5
RADIO FAIL Alarm
Function:
The RADIO FAIL alarm indicates a known problem with the radio hardware.
Possible Causes:
❖
Internal synthesizers are unlocked
❖
Internal digital circuits have failed
Recommended Actions:
1. Remove power from the unit.
2. Check to make sure power supply voltages are within specification.
3. Even if the voltages were within specification, reapply power to the unit.
4. If RADIO FAIL alarm clears, place the radio back into service.
5. If RADIO FAIL alarm does not clear, perform a back-to-back test to verify radio operation, as
described in Section 4.9.
6. If RADIO FAIL alarm is still active in a back-to-back test, return the radio to the factory for
repair (see Section 4.5).
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4.6.6
FAR END Alarm
Function:
This LED indicates that there is an alarm condition present on the far-end radio. When the
DISPLAY FAR END button is pressed (and held), the status LEDs indicate the alarm conditions of
the far-end radio.
Possible Cause:
❖
One or more alarm condition(s) exist on the far-end radio
Recommended Actions:
1. Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR END button and observe the LED status.
2. Follow instructions for troubleshooting the far-end radio in accordance to the appropriate
LEDs which are in alarm, as described in Section 4.6.1 through 4.6.4.
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4.7
Errors in the Data Stream
When the radio is in service, errors in the data stream may occur. This is usually known to the
operator by either faulty data indications of downstream equipment or external bit error rate
testing.
It is possible that no alarms appear on the front panel during normal operations, but there are
errors present in the data stream. Some errors will not result in no alarm (such as bipolar
violations, slow "dribbling" errors, improperly terminated connections or incorrect settings), but will
be exhibited on downstream data processing equipment or during a BER test. In other cases,
there may be data errors due to atmospheric conditions (fading), interference or other reasons,
but not at a high enough error level to be indicated with the BER alarm LED. In the case of these
types of errors, the following information can be helpful to troubleshoot the radio link.
Indications:
❖
During external BER test, test equipment indicates errors
❖
Downstream equipment (mux, channel bank, CODEC, router, etc.) indicates errors
Possible Causes:
❖ Path fading due to atmospheric conditions
❖
Poor transmission line connections
❖
Antenna problems, misalignment or path clearance
❖
Received signal level (RSL) is too strong
❖
Far-End radio transmitter circuitry is faulty
❖
Near-End radio receiver circuitry is faulty
❖
Interference
Recommended Actions:
1. Verify 100BaseT wiring.
2. Follow the instructions described in Section 4.6.1
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4.8
Interference Countermeasures
The recommended interference countermeasures available to the Tsunami operator are as
follows:
1.
Short Paths
The single most effective countermeasure against interference is to maintain "short path" length.
This may be achieved by dividing long paths into multiple small paths by cascading hops.
Intermediate repeaters may be formed using back-to-back Tsunami terminals and transmit output
power reduced, if required.
By definition, "short path" is defined as a path where fades are extremely rare and signal levels
vary by no more than ±3 dB during fades. This distance will vary with the RF frequency. Typically
a "short path" is defined as any path length shorter than 5 miles at 5.8 GHz or 7 miles at 2.4 GHz.
2.
Narrow Beam Antennas (high gain)
This is the next most effective countermeasure. Narrow beam antennas ensure that the
transmitted power is sent in a single direction and this minimizes the possibility of causing
interference inadvertently to other users. Narrow beam antennas also reject off-azimuth signals
being received from potential sources of interference and have high gain which boosts desired
receive levels and improves the carrier to interference ratio. When selecting narrow beam
antennas, it is helpful to know that larger antennas generally outperform smaller antennas.
Another important antenna specification is the front-to-back ratio which ensures rejection of
unwanted signals from azimuth angles behind the antenna.
3.
Frequency Selection
This is another very effective countermeasure. The Tsunami radio offers several distinct nonoverlapping frequency channel plans (see Sections 3.5 and 4.2) and the radio’s RF filter is able to
reject interference more than 10 MHz away from the receive frequency. Offset frequencies
combined with other countermeasures may enable several receive channels to operate at a single
hub site. Because of the limited spreading ratio used, frequency selection is more efficient than
code selection for interference rejection when operating multiple Tsunami terminals at a single
site. Interference can often be overcome by exchanging frequencies of both-ends of the radio link
(e.g. change your A1 terminal to an A2 and change the other end from an A2 to an A1). Also,
changing channel plans (e.g. from A to B) can be very effective. (See Section 4.2).
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4.
Antenna Polarization
Cross-polarized antennas can provide approximately 20 to 30 dB discrimination of unwanted
signals. The actual discrimination will depend upon the antenna design and any rotation of
polarization along the path, for example, due to reflections. Discrimination only exists between two
orthogonal polarizations:
- vertical vs. horizontal or
- left-hand circular vs. right-hand circular
There is only 3 dB discrimination between circular and linear (vertical or horizontal) polarization.
Interference can sometimes be overcome by changing antenna polarization at both ends of the
link.
5.
Transmit Power
The maximum level into the receiver is 0 dBm. Above this level, errors may occur in the receive
data stream. Transmit output power should be reduced on very short paths to avoid overload.
6.
Equipment/Antenna Location
Occasionally, interference is caused by the radio or the antenna being too close to another similar
transmitter. Moving the radio, the antennas, or the interfering equipment can reduce or eliminate
interference.
Interference countermeasures rely to some extent on the
measurement of the received interference level and frequency.
Prior to turning up a new hop, a spectrum analyzer can be used
to monitor the spectrum at each end to check for possible
interfering signals. See Section 4.8.1 for more details.
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4.8.1
Use of a Spectrum Analyzer to Evaluate Potential Interference
Connecting to the antenna and using "peak hold" on a spectrum analyzer, the spectrum across
the receive frequency range of the radio can be swept and any signals being received at levels
above the radio’s specified threshold identified. If potential interfering signals are found, then the
Tsunami frequency plan can be changed to avoid a receive channel which may contain significant
interference (see Section 4.2).
For example, interference may be reduced by moving from the A1/A2 plan to the B1/B2 plan or by
swapping terminals or RF filters so that A1 becomes A2.
Signals outside the receiver frequency range may be ignored:
they will not cause interference.
If a spectrum analyzer is not available, the RSL voltage can be used to indicate the
background noise and interference level within the receiver RF filter band when the far-end
transmitter is turned off. With the far-end radio turned off, if an RSL voltage level above the radio’s
threshold level is measured, there is potentially interference in this frequency channel.
When using a spectrum analyzer for determining the presence
of interference, very narrow resolution bandwidth settings must
be used to detect signals down to the radio’s threshold
(approximately -87 to -95 dBm, depending on radio type).
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4.9
Back-to-Back Testing
Back-to-back testing, as shown in Figure 4-1, is an ideal method of testing the Tsunami radios.
This testing eliminates link problems caused by auxiliary equipment, installation, or the radio path
and isolates potential radio hardware problems. Back-to-back testing must be performed with both
radios at the same location. The following test equipment is required:
❖
DC power source capable of supplying approximately 90 Watts (total) to the radios (or
two AC adapters)
❖
One low-loss coaxial cable, N-to-N male
❖
One (or more) coaxial in-line calibrated fixed attenuators, 40 to 80 dB total attenuation
The following test equipment may also be useful to perform further testing of the Tsunami radio:
❖
BER tester
❖
Variable (60 dB range or more) RF attenuator (rated for the proper frequency, 2.4 or 5.8
GHz)
❖
RF power meter
Back-to-back testing must be performed to verify a radio
problem before returning any radio to the factory for repair.
When the equipment is connected as shown in Figure 4-1, both Tsunami radios should have no
alarm conditions. If these conditions have been met, then it is likely that the Tsunami radio is
operating in accordance to specifications. If errors or alarms occur during this test, verify that all
DIP switch settings are properly set. If alarms or errors are still present, the radio is likely to be
faulty.
If further troubleshooting is required, a variable RF attenuator can be inserted between the radios
to fade down the path to determine that the threshold specification is being met. The threshold
tests can be run in both directions to isolate the radio problem (if any). More information testing is
provided in Section 4.10. An RF power meter can be used to individually test each radio’s output
power.
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5281.1
Tsunami
Figure 4-1: Back-to-Back Test Configuration
The Tsunami radios will be damaged if appropriate attenuation is
not supplied between radios. You must provide a minimum of 40
dB and no more than 80 dB attenuation between the two radios.
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4.10 LINK Testing
Link testing is the preferred way to evaluate a radio link’s performance. It can be performed from
end-to-end or in link test mode (which tests both directions of the radio path). Figure 4-2 illustrates
a typical test configuration (which may include the radio’s path instead of in-line attenuators).
Figure 4-2 illustrates a typical test configuration for end-to-end testing.
When performing testing, make sure of the following:
Disconnect all 100BaseT inputs and outputs to both radios.
Verify all configuration settings.
Link testing may be performed on the bench, with two terminals back to back, or over the radio
path. Also, it may be performed from end-to-end (which requires two 100BaseT test sets over a
link, the far-end unit slaved to the near-end unit’s clock) or in loopback mode, as described in
Section 4.9.
If link testing indicates an unacceptable level of errors, follow the instructions in Section 4.6.1. or
perform a back-to-back test as described in Section 4.9.
Tsunami
Tsunami
100baseT
Tester
100baseT
Tester
Figure 4-2: End-to-End Test Configuration
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Your Notes on the Tsunami Radio
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5. Appendices
Appendix A - Digital Interface Specifications
1.
General Characteristics
100baseT (IEEE 802.3u) Fully compliant to Ethernet V.2
2.
Specifications
Transmission Medium
UTP
Signaling Technique
Manchester
Topology
Star
LAN Table
10,000 addresses (automatic learning and aging)
Filtering
15,000 pps
Data Rate
Up to 10 Mbps (limited to throughput of particular radio model)
Delay
1 frame
Buffer
256 frames
Duplex
Full or half
Table A-1: Interconnection Specification
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
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Appendix B – Configuration Port
To be supplied.
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AppendixC - Rear Panel Data Connectors
The following figures illustrate the pin structure for all rear panel data connections. All figures are
oriented as a customer would view them, facing the rear panel. DC power connection information
is found in Section 3.7 of the manual.
To be supplied
Figure C-1: VF Port Connection
To be supplied
Figure C-2: Alarm Port Connections
To be supplied
Figure C-3: Diagnostic Port 9-Pin D-Style Connector
Do NOT use both the RS-232 and RS-422 connections at the same time!
To be supplied
Figure C-4: AUX DATA Port 9-Pin D-Style Connector
Do NOT use both the RS-232 and RS-422 connections at the same time!
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
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Your Notes on the Tsunami Radio
PAGE 5-4
SECTION 5: APPENDICES
Index
AC..............................................................................................................................................................3-17
Accessories ................................................................................................................................................2-17
Alarm connections .....................................................................................................................................3-33
Alarms........................................................................................................................................................3-28
Alignment, antenna ....................................................................................................................................3-21
Antenna.....................................................................................................................2-3, 3-3, 3-22, 3-28, 4-13
Antenna connection....................................................................................................................................3-18
Antenna installation ...................................................................................................................................3-20
Antenna planning .......................................................................................................................................3-10
Availability calculation ................................................................................................................................3-7
Bit Error Rate...............................................................................................................................................3-7
Buffer ....................................................................................................................................................2-6, 5-1
Calculations .................................................................................................................................................3-5
Caution.........................................................................................................................................................1-2
Channel plan ..............................................................................................................................................3-12
Coaxial cable..............................................................................................................................................3-19
Collisions ...................................................................................................................................................2-12
Connections ...................................................................................................... 2-6, 2-7, 2-14, 2-15, 3-23, 5-1
Container......................................................................................................................................................3-1
DC.......................................................................................................................................................3-9, 3-15
Delay............................................................................................................................................................5-1
Digital Capacity ...........................................................................................................................................2-6
Dispersive fade ............................................................................................................................................2-4
Duplex..........................................................................................................................................................5-1
EIRP...........................................................................................................................................................3-25
Environment...............................................................................................................................................2-8
Errors .........................................................................................................................................................4-11
Fade margin .................................................................................................................................................3-6
Filtering.................................................................................................................................................2-6, 5-1
Frequency.......................................................................................................................................... 3-12, 4-2
Frequency plan.............................................................................................................................................3-8
Fresnel..........................................................................................................................................................3-4
Front panel .................................................................................................................................................2-10
Grounding ..................................................................................................................................................3-15
Icons.............................................................................................................................................................1-2
Installation ......................................................................................................................... 1-1, 2-17, 3-3, 3-24
Interference ................................................................................................................................................4-12
ISO 9000.......................................................................................................................................................... i
LAN .............................................................................................................................................................2-6
Line-of-sight.................................................................................................................................................3-4
Link budget ..................................................................................................................................................3-5
Loopback .....................................................................................................................................................2-6
Mechanical...................................................................................................................................................2-9
Mounting....................................................................................................................................................3-13
Note .............................................................................................................................................................1-2
Orderwire ................................................................................................................2-7, 2-15, 3-24, 3-28, 3-31
Output power ...........................................................................................................................................3-26
Output power, adjust..................................................................................................................... 3-29, 3-30
Path ..............................................................................................................................................................3-4
Path planning .............................................................................................................................................3-10
Power ....................................................................................................... 2-2, 2-8, 2-17, 3-3, 3-14, 3-30, 4-13
Power connection.......................................................................................................................................3-17
Power connection, DC ...............................................................................................................................3-15
Power supply planning.................................................................................................................................3-9
Professional installation ..........................................................................................................................iii, 1-1
Rear panel ...........................................................................................................................................2-16, 5-3
Receive signal level ............................................................ 2-11, 2-13, 3-3, 3-5, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22, 3-27, 4-14
Receiver .......................................................................................................................................................2-3
Regulatory.............................................................................................................................................. iii, 2-9
REN ...........................................................................................................................................................3-31
Repair...........................................................................................................................................................4-5
RS-232 ........................................................................................................................... 2-15, 3-35, 3-36, 3-37
RSL ............................................................................................................................................................3-21
Shipping ..............................................................................................................................................2-17, 3-1
Spares...........................................................................................................................................................4-3
System ................................................................................................................................................. 2-4, 2-5
Technical support.........................................................................................................................................4-4
Telephone ..................................................................................................................................................3-31
Test .....................................................................................................................................................2-7, 2-11
Tips ..............................................................................................................................................................1-2
Tools ..........................................................................................................................................................3-11
Transmission line .......................................................................................................................................3-19
Transmitter..........................................................................................................................................2-2, 3-29
Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................................... 4-1
Turn-up ......................................................................................................................................................3-24
Warranty ........................................................................................................................................................ v
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