Proxim Wireless U5358-480 U-NII Radio User Manual TsunamiGigabit

Proxim Wireless Corporation U-NII Radio TsunamiGigabit

Contents

Installation Manual

INSTALLATION ANDMAINTENANCE MANUALWIRELESS GIGABIT ETHERNET BRIDGE(5.3/5.8 GHz UNII/LE-LAN1000BaseF)MAN-27900
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001iInstallation and Maintenance ManualCopyright © 2000 by Western Multiplex. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may bereproduced without prior written permission from Western Multiplex.The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. WesternMultiplex shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequentialdamages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual or equipmentsupplied with this manual. Western Multiplex makes no warranty of any kind with regard tothis manual or any equipment supplied with this manual, including, but not limited to, theimplied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.Heliax is a registered product of Andrews Corporation.OpenView is a registered product of Hewlett Packard Corporation.SmartBits is a registered product of NetCom Systems Inc.Windows is a registered product of Microsoft Inc.Chariot and Qcheck are a registered products of Ganymede Software Inc.Gabriel dual-band/dual polarized flat or parabolic antennas are products of Gabriel Electronics Inc.RadioWave dual-band/dual polarized, flat or parabolic antennas are products of Radio Wave Corp.Other names are trademarks of their ownersPrinted in the United States of AmericaNotice: Y2K (Year 2000 Issue)All software supplied by and for Western Multiplex products adheres to the four-(4) digityear nomenclature as required for Year 2000 compliance.Western Multiplex1196 Borregas AvenueSunnyvale, CaliforniaUSATel: +1 408 542-5200Fax:: +1 408 542-5300e-mail: info@wmux.comOur facility has been Registered to the International Organization for StandardizationISO 9000 Series Standards for quality.Issue: January 2001
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001iiRevision history:November 2000: First versionDraft versionDecember 2000: Added updated drawingsFront panel LED detailUpdate NMS screen capturesJanuary 2001 Replaced Browser NMS graphics
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001iiiRegulatory NoticeThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device,pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radiofrequency energy and is to be installed and used in accordance with the instructions.Shielded cables and I/O cords must be used for this equipment to comply with the relevant FCCregulations.Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by Western Multiplex may void the user'sauthority to operate this equipment.This device must be professionally installed.
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INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001vW/CS97-1GENERAL TERMS1.1 All Definitions contained in Western Multiplex's Conditions of Sale(Western Multiplex document number CS96-8), apply to theWarranty.1.2 Subject to the provisions of the Warranty, Western Multiplexwarrants that the equipment described in Paragraph 1.3 shallconform to their specifications described in Paragraph 1.4 in allmaterial respects and that the equipment shall be free frommaterial defects in materials and workmanship.1.3 This Warranty applies to all original purchases of WesternMultiplex manufactured equipment and accessories (collectivelythe "Equipment").1.4 This Warranty applies to the specifications contained in the mostrecent version of the manual for the model of the Equipmentpurchased (the "Specifications").1.5 This Warranty does not apply to the following items of Equipmentwhich are covered by the Original Equipment Manufacturer'swarranty:(a) antenna systems, including coax cable, waveguide, connectorsflex-sections, mounts, other parts of the antenna system andinstallation materials;(b) non-Western Multiplex manufactured rack mounted equipmentthat is assembled wired and tested at Western Multiplex'sfactory or supplied as part of a system, including orderwireitems, channel banks, multiplexers, fuse/alarm panels, remotealarm items; and(c) equipment which is not listed in Western Multiplex's price book.1.6 The effective period of this Warranty shall start on the date ofshipment of the Equipment and shall end:(a) for all spread spectrum unlicensed radio products and for alllicensed digital microwave radio products, two (2) years later;(b) for all analog microwave radio products, three (3) years later; or(c) for all baseband products, five (5) years later (in each case the"Warranty Period").1.7 The Customer acknowledges that Western Multiplex does notrepresent or warrant that the services provided by WesternMultiplex under this Warranty will ensure uninterrupted or error-free operation of the Equipment.RETURN OF EQUIPMENT UNDER WARRANTY2.1 If an item of Equipment malfunctions or fails in normal intendedusage and maintenance within the applicable Warranty Period:(a) the Customer shall promptly notify Western Multiplex of theproblem and the serial number of the defective item;(b) Western Multiplex shall, at its sole option, either resolve theproblem over the telephone or provide the Customer with aReturned Materials Authorization number (RMA #) and theaddress of the location to which the Customer may ship thedefective item;(c) if the problem is not resolved over the telephone, the Customershall attach a label to each Returned item describing the faultand the Customer's Return address. The Customer shall, at itscost, properly pack the item to be Returned, prepay theinsurance and shipping charges, and ship the item to thespecified location;(d) if the Western Multiplex product shall prove to be defective inmaterial or workmanship upon examination by WesternMultiplex, Western Multiplex shall either repair or replace theReturned item at its sole option. The replacement item may benew or refurbished; if refurbished, it shall be equivalent inoperation to new Equipment. If a Returned item is replaced byWestern Multiplex, the Customer agrees that the Returned itemshall become the property of Western Multiplex.(e) Western Multiplex shall at its cost, ship the repaired item orreplacement to any destination within the United States ofAmerica by carrier and method of delivery chosen by WesternMultiplex. If the Customer has requested some other form ofconveyance, such as express shipping, or is located beyond theUSA borders, then the Customer shall pay to the cost of returnshipment.2.2 Equipment which is repaired or replaced by Western Multiplexunder this Warranty shall be covered under all of the provisions ofthis Warranty for the remainder of the applicable Warranty Periodor ninety (90) days from the date of shipment of the repaired itemor replacement, whichever period is longer.DEFAULT AND TERMINATION3.1 Western Multiplex may immediately terminate this Warranty and allof its performance under this Warranty, upon notification to theCustomer, if the Customer:(a) makes any unauthorized modifications to the Equipment;(b) assigns or transfers the Customer's rights or obligations underthis Warranty without the written consent of Western Multiplex;(c) becomes bankrupt or insolvent, or is put into receivership; or(d) has not paid Western Multiplex all amounts for the Equipment,services, or other additional charges within thirty (30) days ofreceipt of written notice from Western Multiplex.3.2 If this Warranty is terminated by Western Multiplex, the Customershall remain liable for all amounts due to Western Multiplex.FORCE MAJEURE4.1 "Force Majeure" has the same meaning as defined in WesternMultiplex's Conditions of Sale (Western Multiplex documentnumber CS96-8).4.2 Western Multiplex shall not be responsible for failure to dischargeits obligations under this Warranty due to Force Majeure.LIMITATIONS AND QUALIFICATIONS OF WARRANTY5.1 This Warranty does not apply to any damage, defect or failurecaused by:(a) any part of the Equipment having been modified, adapted,repaired, or improperly installed, operated, maintained, transportedor relocated by any person other than Western Multiplex personnelor a Western Multiplex authorized service agent, without WesternMultiplex's prior written consent;(b) storage or environmental conditions which do not conform to theapplicable sections of the appropriate Western MultiplexEquipment Manual;(c) failure to conform with the Equipment Installation, Operating andMaintenance Instructions of the appropriate Western MultiplexEquipment Manual;(d) external causes, including external electrical stress or lightning, oruse in conjunction with incompatible equipment, unless such usewas with Western Multiplex's prior written consent;(e) cosmetic damage;(f) accidental damage, negligence, neglect, mishandling, abuse ormisuse, other than by Western Multiplex personnel or a WesternMultiplex authorized service agent; or(g) Force Majeure.Please see reverse side for additional limitations on damages.WARRANTY
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001W/CS97-1 viLIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (North America)6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT ISTHE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THEEQUIPMENT; WESTERN MULTIPLEX SPECIFICALLYDISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANYWARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY.6.2 WESTERN MULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE INTORT, INCLUDING LIABILITY IN NEGLIGENCE ORSTRICT LIABILITY, AND SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITYAT ALL FOR INJURY TO PERSONS OR PROPERTY.WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TOFULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTYOR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR INCONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT SHALL BELIMITED TO THE AMOUNT OF THE PURCHASEPRICE OF THE EQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIESSTATED IN THIS WARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'SEXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AGAINST WESTERNMULTIPLEX REGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.6.3 EVEN IF WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS BEEN ADVISEDOF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM, WESTERNMULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANYINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE COSTOF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN EMPLOYEES,AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN IDENTIFYING,REMOVING OR REPLACING THE DEFECTIVE ITEM;LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES; FAILURE TOREALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY CLAIM AGAINSTA CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY; OR ANY OTHERCOMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSSES OF ANYKIND.6.4 THESE LIMITATIONS AND DISCLAIMERS ARE NOTMADE BY WESTERN MULTIPLEX WHEREPROHIBITED BY LAW.LIMITATIONS ON DAMAGES (International)6.1 THE WARRANTY STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT ISTHE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR THEEQUIPMENT; ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANYKIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANYWARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE AND OF MERCHANTABILITY AREEXCLUDED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTEDBY LAW.6.2 WESTERN MULTIPLEX'S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TOFULFIL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS WARRANTYOR IN TORT OR AS A RESULT OF STRICT LIABILITYOR ANY OTHER LIABILITY UNDER OR INCONNECTION WITH THE EQUIPMENT OR ITSSUPPLY SHALL BE LIMITED, EXCEPT IN RESPECTOF DEATH AND PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BYWESTERN MULTIPLEX'S NEGLIGENCE, TO THEAMOUNT OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THEEQUIPMENT. THE REMEDIES STATED IN THISWARRANTY ARE THE CUSTOMER'S EXCLUSIVEREMEDIES AGAINST WESTERN MULTIPLEXREGARDING THE EQUIPMENT.6.3 EVEN IF WESTERN MULTIPLEX HAS BEEN ADVISEDOF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEM, WESTERNMULTIPLEX SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANYINDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING THE COSTOF LABOR BY THE CUSTOMER'S OWN EMPLOYEES,AGENTS OR CONTRACTORS IN IDENTIFYING,REMOVING OR REPLACING THE DEFECTIVE ITEM;LOST PROFITS, AND REVENUES; FAILURE TOREALIZE EXPECTED SAVINGS; ANY CLAIM AGAINSTA CUSTOMER BY A THIRD PARTY; OR ANY OTHERCOMMERCIAL OR ECONOMIC LOSSES OF ANYKIND.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001vii W/CS97-1DEFINITIONS1.1 In these Conditions, unless there is something in the subjectmatter or context necessarily inconsistent:(a) "Western Multiplex" means Western Multiplex (d.b.a. WesternMultiplex), Sunnyvale, CA;(b) "Equipment" means the equipment itemized on theQuotation/Order Acknowledgment;(c) "International" means any location other than United States ofAmerica and Canada, including their territories and possessions;(d) "North America" means any location in the United States ofAmerica and Canada, including their territories and possessions;(e) "Order Acknowledgment" means the sales order acknowledgmentprovided by Western Multiplex to the Customer;(f) "Payment Instructions" means Western Multiplex's paymentinstructions, (Western Multiplex document P197-1);(g) "Quotation" means the quotation signed by an authorizedrepresentative of Western Multiplex and provided to the Customer;(h) "Shipping Date" means the actual date on which the Equipmentleft Western Multiplex's factory at Sunnyvale, CA, U.S.A.;(i) "Warranty" means Western Multiplex's warranty, document W97-1;(j) "Invoice" means the bill of goods prepared by Western Multiplexfor the equipment with the shipping and any insurance costs.1.2 Headings have been inserted in these Conditions for convenienceof reference only and will not effect their construction.ENTIRE AGREEMENT2.1 The Quotation, these Conditions of Sale, the OrderAcknowledgment, the Payment Instructions and the Warranty shallapply to all sales made by Western Multiplex and shall constitutethe entire agreement by Western Multiplex and the Customer (the"Agreement ").2.2 Any terms and/or conditions of sale, which may be included on theCustomer's purchase order form or any communication from theCustomer, that are not identical with the terms and conditionssteed in this document shall NOT become a part of the agreementof sale unless expressly agreed to in writing in the Quotation.2.3 Western Multiplex's failure to object to any terms and/or conditionsof sale contained in any communication from the Customer shallnot be considered as acceptance of such terms and/or conditionsor as a waiver of the terms and conditions of sale containedherein.2.4 Western Multiplex shall sell to the Customer, and the Customershall purchase from Western Multiplex, the Equipment inaccordance with the Agreement. Western Multiplex accepts theCustomer's purchase orders for Equipment and agrees to deliverthe Equipment to the Customer only on the terms of theAgreement.2.5 No variation of the Agreement shall be binding unless agreed to inwriting by authorized representatives of Western Multiplex and theCustomer.PRICING3.1 All prices in the Quotation are exclusive of all shipping chargesand all applicable taxes including but not limited to, federal, state,local, excise, sales and use taxes.3.2 All prices in the Quotation unless otherwise stated:(a) for North American customers are FOB Sunnyvale, CA, USA.(New York Uniform Commercial Code); or(b) for international customers are Ex-Works, Sunnyvale, CA, U.S.A.(Incoterms 1990).3.3 All prices in the Quotation include standard domestic packing,unless a separate line item is provided detailing export or specialpacking charges.SHIPPING AND INSURANCE4.1 Western Multiplex shall arrange shipping and insurance whenrequested by the Customer, and shall bill the Customer for theEquipment with the shipping and any insurance costs as separateitems, on an invoice (the "Invoice").4.2 Delivery dates quoted by Western Multiplex are to be consideredestimates only. In no event will Western Multiplex be liable for anyloss or damage resulting from its failure to deliver products within aspecified time.TERMS OF PAYMENT5.1 The Customer shall pay for all Equipment, including shipping andinsurance in accordance with the terms of the Invoice.5.2 All Invoices for North American Customers are due and payable inthirty (30) days from the date of the Invoice.5.3 International Customers shall make payments in accordance withWestern Multiplex's Payment Instructions by either:(a) providing a wire transfer (telegraphic transfer) for the full amount ofthe Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained in theQuotation or the pro-forma Invoice sent to the Customer, prior tothe Shipping Date; or(b) establishing an acceptable Letter of Credit (LC) for the full amountof the Equipment, shipping and insurance charges contained in theQuotation prior to the order being booked and accepted byWestern Multiplex.5.4 If a Customer fails to pay an Invoice when due, Western Multiplexmay, without prejudice to am other remedy, postpone shipments,alter payment terms, terminate the Agreement and charge intereston all overdue amounts the rate of 1.5% per month compoundedmonthly (or if less, the maximum allowed by law). Upon demand,the Customer shall pay all such interest charges and allreasonable collection fees, including reasonable legal expenses.SECURITY FOR PAYMENT6.1 If the Customer is located in North America, the Customer grantsto Western Multiplex a purchase money security interest in theEquipment to secure the payment of the purchase price of theEquipment and all other amounts due from the Customer.6.2 If the Customer is not located in North America:(a) despite delivery and passing of risk in the Equipment and anyother provision of these Conditions, the title in the Equipment shallnot pass to the Customer until Western Multiplex has receivedpayment in full of the purchase price of the Equipment and allother amounts then due from the Customer, and(b) until the title in the Equipment passes to the Customer:(i) the Customer shall hold the equipment as Western Multiplex 'sfiduciary agent and bailee, and shall properly store, protect andinsure the Equipment and shall identify the Equipment as WesternMultiplex property;(ii) if the Customer fails to pay Western Multiplex in accordance withthe agreed payment terms, Western Multiplex may require theCustomer to deliver up the Equipment to Western Multiplex, and, ifthe Customer does not, Western Multiplex may enter on thepremises where the Equipment is stored and repossess theEquipment; and(iii) the Customer shall not pledge the Equipment by way of security forany, indebtedness of the Customer, but if the Customer does so allmoneys owed by the Customer to Western Multiplex shall, withoutprejudice to any other remedy of Western Multiplex, immediatelybecome due.CHANGES TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS7.1 Western Multiplex may, without notice to the Customer, makechanges to the specifications of Equipment which do not materiallyaffect the quality or performance of the Equipment.EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION AND EXPEDITING CHARGES8.1 At the Customer's request, Western Multiplex may, for a feeagreed in advance:(a) reconfigure the Equipment; or(b) expedite the Customer's order.CONDITIONS OF SALE
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001W/CS97-1 viiiSHORTAGES9.1 The customer shall not make any claim for shortages (which areitems that the Invoice does not show are on back-order) aftertwenty-one (21) days after the date of the Invoice.RETURNS AND EXCHANGES10.1 The return of defective Equipment is covered by the Warranty .10.2 The Customer may only return Equipment that is not defective if:(a) the Equipment does not correspond with the Customer's purchaseorder; or(b) the Equipment has been ordered in error by the Customer andWestern Multiplex has permitted the Customer to remedy themistake by ordering the correct equipment and resuming theEquipment and the Customer obtains a Returned MaterialsAuthorization number ("RMA #") from Western Multiplex prior toreturning any Equipment.10.3 Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge a fee for returnedequipment under Subparagraph 10.2(b) with the amount of the feebeing determined prior to an RMA # being given by WesternMultiplex.10.4 Authorized returns of equipment under Paragraph 10.2 must be inan undamaged condition, in the original configuration, in theoriginal packing materials and within a time period agreed to whenthe RMA # was issued.10.5 If the Customer does not comply with the provisions of Paragraphs10.2, 10.3, and 10.4, the Customer shall pay the full amount of theInvoice.10.6 The party liable for all shipping, insurance and any other expensesincurred by the Customer in returning the Equipment underParagraph 10.2 and for all loss or damage to the Equipment untilreceived by Western Multiplex, shall be: (a) for all items returnedunder Subparagraph 10.2(a), Western Multiplex and (b) for allitems resumed under Subparagraph 10.2(b), the Customer.CANCELLATION11.1 If the Customer cancels an order before the Shipping Date,Western Multiplex reserves the right to charge the Customer acancellation charge up to 100% of the amount of the order.11.2 The Customer shall pay all cancellation charges within thirty (30)days from date of the Invoice.FORCE MAJEURE12.1 Western Multiplex shall not be liable if its performance of theAgreement becomes commercially impractical due to anycontingency beyond Western Multiplex's reasonable control,including acts of God, fires, floods, wars, sabotage, civil unrest,accidents, labor disputes or shortages, government laws, rules andregulations, whether valid or invalid, inability to obtain material,equipment or transportation, incorrect, delayed or incompletespecifications, drawings or data supplied by the Customer orothers (collectively "Force Majeure"). In no event of Force Majeureshall Western Multiplex be required to purchase goods from othersto enable it to deliver the Equipment under the Agreement.ENGINEERING AND SYSTEM DESIGN13.1 The Customer is solely responsible for the engineering, design,integration and normal preventative and remedial maintenance ofthe Customer's system for which Western Multiplex suppliesEquipment.13.2 Western Multiplex is not responsible for the satisfactory operation ofthe Equipment in conjunction with other manufacturer's equipment,nor for any losses which may occur as a result of a failure of theEquipment to operate in conjunction with other manufacturer'sequipment.WARRANTY14.1 All Equipment is covered by the Warranty.14.2 THE WARRANTY CONTAINS LlMITATIONS ON THECUSTOMER'S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES AGAINST WESTERNMULTIPLEX UNDER THE AGREEMENT.THE CUSTOMER ACKNOWLEDGES HAVING READ,UNDERSTOOD AND AGREED TO THOSE LIMITATIONS.DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF AGREEMENT15.1 If either party is successful in any litigation between the partiesbased on the Agreement, the successful party shall recover fromthe other, in addition to direct damages, the successful party'sreasonable attorney's fees and other costs of litigation.INSOLVENCY OF CUSTOMER, ETC.16.1 Western Multiplex may cancel the Agreement and suspend anyfurther deliveries under the Agreement without any liability to theCustomer, and, if Equipment has been delivered but not paid for,the price shall become immediately due and payable despite anyother agreement to the contrary if:(a) any proceedings in bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership orliquidation are taken against the Customer;(b) the Customer makes an assignment for the benefit ofcreditors or commits an act of bankruptcy or insolvency;(c) the Customer ceases, or threatens to cease, to carry on theordinary course of its business, or transfers all or substantially allof its property;(d) the Equipment is seized under any legal process orconfiscated; or(e) Western Multiplex in good faith believes that the ability of theCustomer to pay or perform any provision of the Agreement isimpaired, or that any of the events mentioned above is about tooccur.NOTICE17.1 All requests, instructions and notices from one party to the othermust be in writing and may be given via registered post orfacsimile transmission to the address of the parties shown on theQuotation or Order Acknowledgment.EXPORT PROVISIONS18.1 The Customer shall not, whether directly or indirectly (includingfacilitating a third party) export or re-export the Equipment outsidethe country in which the Customer has stated these items are to beused without obtaining the licenses required under ail applicablerules. The Customer shall indemnify Western Multiplex against anyliability incurred by Western Multiplex due to any violation by theCustomer of any of the provisions of this Section, but thisindemnity shall not apply if the Customer reasonably relies oninformation supplied to it by Western Multiplex with respect toexport licenses. Upon receipt of a governmental consent to exportthe receiving party shall immediately notify the other in writing.MISCELLANEOUS19.1 No waiver by Western Multiplex of any breach of this Agreementshall be considered as a waiver of any subsequent breach of thesame or any other provision.19.2 Any provision of the Agreement which is, or is deemed to be,unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall be severable from theAgreement in that jurisdiction without in any way invalidating theremaining portions of the Agreement, and that unenforceabilityshall not make that provision unenforceable in any otherjurisdiction.19.3 The rights which accrue to Western Multiplex by virtue of theAgreement shall inure for the benefit of and be binding upon thesuccessors and assigns of Western Multiplex.19.4 The agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State ofCalifornia including the California Uniform Commercial Code.However Western Multiplex may enforce the provisions of theAgreement in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction in whichthe Equipment is situated. The United Nations Convention on theSale of Goods (The Vienna Convention) shall not apply to theAgreement.19.5 Les parties ont exigés que cette entente soit rédigée en anglais.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001TOC & INTRODUCTION iTable of Contents1. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL .................................................................................................................... 1-11.1 MANUAL ORGANIZATION............................................................................................................................ 1-11.2 ICONS ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-22. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................................... 2-12.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................ 2-12.2 SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................................................................... 2-22.2.1 Transmitter ........................................................................................................................................ 2-22.2.2 Antenna / Antenna Coupling Unit...................................................................................................... 2-32.2.3 Receiver ............................................................................................................................................. 2-32.2.4 System (Single Hop Performance)..................................................................................................... 2-42.2.5 Line Interfaces ................................................................................................................................... 2-42.2.6 Auxiliary Connections........................................................................................................................ 2-52.2.7 Temperature and Environment.......................................................................................................... 2-62.2.8 Power................................................................................................................................................. 2-62.2.9 Regulatory Information ..................................................................................................................... 2-62.2.10 Mechanical ........................................................................................................................................ 2-62.3 FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 2-62.3.1 General.............................................................................................................................................. 2-72.3.2 Test Points on ODU........................................................................................................................... 2-82.3.3 Alarm and Status Indicators .............................................................................................................. 2-92.3.4 Controls ........................................................................................................................................... 2-102.3.5 Connections ..................................................................................................................................... 2-112.4 REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 2-132.5 INSTALLATION ACCESSORIES.................................................................................................................... 2-143. INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS.......................................................................................................... 3-13.1 SHIPPING CONTAINER ................................................................................................................................. 3-13.2 PACKING ITEMS IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................................................ 3-23.3 BEFORE INSTALLATION TASK LIST ............................................................................................................. 3-33.3.1 Site Selection Requirements............................................................................................................... 3-33.3.2 Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance Guidelines................................................................................... 3-43.3.3 RSL Calculation and Link Budget ..................................................................................................... 3-53.3.4 Fade Margin Calculation .................................................................................................................. 3-63.3.5 Availability Calculation..................................................................................................................... 3-63.3.6 Power Supply Planning ..................................................................................................................... 3-73.3.7 Antenna Planning .............................................................................................................................. 3-73.4 TOOLS REQUIRED ....................................................................................................................................... 3-83.6 MOUNTING THE TSUNAMI RADIO ................................................................................................................ 3-93.7 POWER CONNECTION AND WIRING........................................................................................................... 3-113.7.1 DC Power Wiring ............................................................................................................................ 3-123.7.2 AC Power Connection ..................................................................................................................... 3-143.8 ANTENNA INSTALLATION & ALIGNMENT.................................................................................................. 3-153.8.1 Mounting plate to pole mounting assembly:.................................................................................... 3-163.8.2 Course Antenna Alignment.............................................................................................................. 3-183.9 ETHERNET INTERFACE CONNECTION........................................................................................................ 3-203.10 SYSTEM TURN-UP TO SERVICE ................................................................................................................. 3-21
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001 ii TOC & INTRODUCTION3.11 ADDITIONAL CONNECTIONS...................................................................................................................... 3-243.11.1 Orderwire Connection................................................................................................................... 3-243.11.2 Alarm Connections .......................................................................................................................... 3-263.11.3 Configuration (Diagnostic) Port Operation .................................................................................... 3-283.11.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) Connection ......................................................................... 3-293.11.5 T1 (DSX-1) Interface Connection.................................................................................................... 3-303.11.6 CEPT-1 (E1) InterfaceConnection .................................................................................................. 3-303.11.7 NMS Interface Connection............................................................................................................... 3-304. TROUBLESHOOTING.................................................................................................................................. 4-14.1 REGULAR MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................... 4-14.2 TECHNICAL SUPPORT.................................................................................................................................. 4-24.3 REPAIR POLICY........................................................................................................................................... 4-34.4 FRONT PANEL STATUS LEDS...................................................................................................................... 4-44.4.1 RF LINK Alarm.................................................................................................................................. 4-54.4.2 RADIO FAIL Alarm........................................................................................................................... 4-74.4.3 FAR END Alarm................................................................................................................................ 4-84.5 ERRORS IN THE DATA STREAM ................................................................................................................... 4-94.6 BACK-TO-BACK TESTING ......................................................................................................................... 4-104.7 LINK TESTING ......................................................................................................................................... 4-124.8 NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (NMS)............................................................................................... 4-134.8.1 SNMP............................................................................................................................................... 4-134.8.2 Browser GUI.................................................................................................................................... 4-134.8.3 In-band NMS Set-up ........................................................................................................................ 4-134.8.4 Software Update Download Procedure........................................................................................... 4-244.8.5 Telnet ............................................................................................................................................... 4-255. APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................................. 5-1APPENDIX A - DIGITAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................. 5-11. General Characteristics (Regulatory) ....................................................................................................... 5-12. Specifications............................................................................................................................................. 5-1APPENDIX B – NETWORKING Q&AS...................................................................................................................... 5-2APPENDIX C – AUXILIARY DATA CONNECTORS ................................................................................................... 5-17APPENDIX D – INSTALLATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING (FOLDOUT)..................................................................... 5-19
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001TOC & INTRODUCTION iiiFiguresFIGURE 2-1: IDU FRONT PANEL................................................................................................................................ 2-7FIGURE 2-2: ODU ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-7FIGURE 3-1: IDU AND ODU OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 3-9FIGURE 3-2: ODU MOUNT WITH ANTENNA DETAIL.................................................................................................. 3-10FIGURE 3-3: NEGATIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION ................................................................................................ 3-13FIGURE 3-4: POSITIVE VOLTAGE DC CONNECTION .................................................................................................. 3-13FIGURE 3-5:.............................................................................................................................................................. 3-14FIGURE 3-6: ODU MOUNTING.................................................................................................................................. 3-16FIGURE 3-7: IDU AND ODU DUAL COAXIAL CONNECTIONS.................................................................................... 3-17FIGURE 3-8: TYPICAL RSL VOLTAGE VERSUS RECEIVED SIGNAL LEVEL (RSL)....................................................... 3-19FIGURE 3-9: ORDERWIRE & VF PORT CONNECTION ................................................................................................ 3-25FIGURE 3-10: PIN CONNECTIONS, ALARM INTERFACE ........................................................................................... 3-26FIGURE 3-11: RS-232 CONFIG PORT CONNECTIONS................................................................................................. 3-28FIGURE 4-1: BACK-TO-BACK TEST CONFIGURATION................................................................................................ 4-11FIGURE 4-2: END-TO-END TEST CONFIGURATION .................................................................................................... 4-12FIGURE D-1: VF PORT CONNECTION........................................................................................................................ 5-17FIGURE D-2: ALARM PORT CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................................... 5-17FIGURE D-3: CONFIG(URATION) PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR ........................................................................ 5-17FIGURE D-4: AUX DATA PORT 9-PIN D-STYLE CONNECTOR................................................................................. 5-18TablesTABLE 3-A: FADE MARGIN & AVAILABILITY CALCULATIONS.................................................................................... 3-6TABLE 3-B: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR NEGATIVE SUPPLY ................................................................................ 3-11TABLE 3-C: DC POWER CONNECTION FOR POSITIVE SUPPLY................................................................................... 3-11TABLE 3-D: ALARM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS ....................................................................................................... 3-27TABLE A-1: REGULATORY INFORMATION .................................................................................................................. 5-1TABLE A-2: INTERCONNECTION SPECIFICATION......................................................................................................... 5-1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL PAGE 1-11. How to Use This Manual1.1 Manual OrganizationThe Installation and Maintenance Manual provides information required to install and maintainTsunami and to use its many features to the fullest advantage. This manual is divided into thefollowing sections:Section 1 Provides instructions on how to most effectively utilize the information inthis manual.Section 2 Provides a brief description and specifications of the Tsunami.Section 3 Explains the Tsunami installation and adjustments in detail.Section 4 Provides maintenance, repair and troubleshooting information for theTsunami Fast Ethernet radios.Appendices Charts and diagrams are provided for radio connections and DIP switchsettings along with other general information.This device must be professionally installed.This device is to be used exclusively for fixed point-to-pointoperation that employs highly directional (<10°) antennas.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 1-2 SECTION 1: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL1.2 IconsThroughout this manual, the following icons are used to highlight areas of special interest andimportance.Note Practical Tip Caution
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-12. Product Description2.1 General DescriptionThe Tsunami licensed radios provide high capacity transmission and operational convenience in a digitalcommunications network.These Tsunami radios provide 1000BaseF intelligent bridging between two fixed coordinated locations.Because each owner controls the operation of the link, there is no reliance on any outside services.Tsunami radio operators are able to operate whenever needed, and to be in control of their ownnetwork.The Tsunami offers two primary benefits:v CONVENIENCE Easy to install and operate with a user licensecoordinated in the USA. (Other countries may also requirea user license and/or frequency coordination).v CAPABILITY Full transparent Fast Ethernet connections with nothroughput reduction over any line-of-sight distance (withinlegal limits of government regulation)Tsunami radios are ISO Layer 2 Data Link Layer (use MAC address for filtering) devices wherethey provide their full stated throughput. At level 2 (bridges) or 3/4 (routers) where hardware playsthe major part, the most common tester is the SmartBits 200 product from NetCom Systems. AtApplication Layer 7, you will see less than 40% throughput from the maximum capacity measured withSmartBits due to the increased protocol/software overhead at that level. Layer 7 can be tested withsoftware such as Ganymede's Chariot or Qcheck product (www.qcheck.net/index.html). Use Qcheck (orequivalent), do NOT use PING for throughput testing (www.qcheck.net/whyqcheck.html)!As an example: testing copper CAT5e cable with SmartBits will test 100% throughput (let's say you cansend/receive a full 100Mbps). At Layer 7 you will be transferring bits at the 100Mbps rate, butapproximately only 45Mbps of user data will transfer (Ethernet has a high overhead of bytes added toeach data packet frame each time you go up a layer). The advantage is the more complex overheadmakes the data virtually resilient to corruption and minor errors (i.e. collisions), it’s easy to reroute andthe network can use inexpensive plug/play devices like hubs/switches instead of multiplexers as used inthe telco industry (i.e. LYNX T1/E1/DS3 radios)Western Multiplex tests for stated throughput at Layer 2/3 where bridges are defined. At layer 7(application layer), you may see less than 50% or more depending on the other traffic that may be onthe LAN as this layer is more dependent on the type of data being sent (it does not matter if it's wire,fiber or any Ethernet bridge -wired or wireless). Another way to look at it: the model 31145 12Mbps(10Mbps 10BaseT+T1/E1 wayside) bridge will test the same as a piece of CAT5e Ethernet cable.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 2-2 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2 SpecificationsAll specifications are subject to change without notice.2.2.1 TransmitterFrequency Selection A1 channel model 272XX-G1A1 (center frequency Tx=5775)A2 channel model 272XX-G1A2 (center frequency Tx=5300)Frequency Range 5250 – 5350 MHz (100MHz BW)5725 – 5825 MHz (100MHz BW)Output Power +10 dBm (5.3 GHz band)+17 dBm (5.8 GHz band)(Note: output power is specified as guaranteed minimum before attenuation)Control Range 16 dB min (at ODU)DO NOT exceed the maximum transmit power setting as set at the factory!Exceeding the factory-set power level will degrade the specifications of theradio and may also violate regulatory compliance. Output power may beattenuated from factory setting to comply with regulatory EIRP limits.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-32.2.2 Antenna / Antenna Coupling UnitMechanics OutDoor Unit (ODU) attached to antennaw/two short coax cablesInDoor Unit (IDU)attached to ODU via two (2) coax cablesAntenna Connection Dual ‘N’ female connectors (H and V polar connections)Impedance 50 ohmsRecommended 2 to 8 foot or 1.5 to 2 foot flat panelGain & Beamwidth (3 dB)1.5 ft Flat 25.5 dB / 8°2 ft Flat 28 dB / 4.6°2 ft Parabolic 28.5 dB / 6°4 ft Parabolic 35 dB / 3°6 ft Parabolic 38 dB / 2.9°2.2.3 ReceiverAll ModelsNominal Receive Level -30 to -68 dBmMaximum Receive Level -10 dBm error free, 0 dBm no damageFrequency Selection None-use A1 or A2 modelsThreshold Rx Level (typ.) -70 dBm(BER = 10-6)Frequency Range 5250 – 5350 MHz (100MHz BW)5725 – 5825 MHz (100MHz BW)Bandwidths ~97MHz per channel per polarizationRSL Voltage 0.00 to 1.00 VDC (approximate RSL calculated bymultiplying voltage times 100 and changing sign tonegative value (example: 0.56vdc = –56dBm)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 2-4 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.4 System (Single Hop Performance)Error Floor 10-11Transmission delay(radio only) 250 µsec, maximum(10 mile path) 300 µsec, maximum 2.2.5 Line InterfacesGigabit Ethernet Port:Data Interface 1000BaseF (fully compatible with IEEE 802.3u)VPN (IEEE 802.1q) Ethernet port forces the sending device to break up jumbo frames into legalEthernet frames that do not exceed the 1538 byte limit.In both cases, 802.1q frames are passed through the bridge (IEEE 802.1d)Connectors SC (fiber) 1300nm multimode to 2000mConfiguration Full duplex on the WAN interfaceFiltering 15,000 packets per second theoretical, before forwardingBuffer 400 packetsLAN Table 1,024 MAC addressesSelf-learning Automatic learning and agingDigital Capacity 480 Mbps Model: ~486 Mbps full duplex (>960 Mbps total)(ISO Layer 2) 720 Mbps Model: ~726 Mbps full duplex (>1440 Mbps total)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-5DS-1 (T1) Port:Data Rate 1.544 Mbps (each of four ports)Digital Interface * 4 x DSX-1Connector 8-pin modular jack female (RJ-48C) Pins:1=TT, 2=TR, 4=RT & 5=RRLine Code AMI / B8ZS (NMS selectable)Line Build Out 0-660 feet (NMS selectable)Blue Code ** Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)Loopback Near or far end (NMS selectable)* Meets AT&T Pub 62411, Bellcore TR-TSY-000499.** Signal is selectable (on/off) and is generated only on data loss or link failure when enabled.2.2.6 Auxiliary ConnectionsOrderwire Interface 2-wire, 4-pin modular jack, female (RJ-11)REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq. (+0-6 dB)Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(use telephones with solid state ringers, NOT adequate for older style mechanical ringers)VF Orderwire Bridge 600 ohm balanced, 4-wire, 0 dBm, DB-9, maleDiag-nostic Port RS-232, DB-9, maleAux Data (clear service channel) RS-232, ≤9600 baud, DB-9, femaleAlarm 2 x Form C, DB-9, femaleTest Points Output PowerNear-end and far-end received signal level (RSL)100BaseT or F NMS Ethernet Port:Data Interface 100BaseT or 100BaseFConnectors RJ-45/48c (wire) Pins:1=Tx+, 2=Tx-, 3=Rx+ & 6=Rx-
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 2-6 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.2.7 Temperature and EnvironmentOperating Temperature Range (IDU) -10 to +50°COperating Temperature Range (ODU) -30 to +60°CHumidity 95% non-condensingAltitude 4,500 meters, maximum2.2.8 PowerDC Input Voltage ±37 to ±63 VDCPower Consumption ~150 WattsConnector Barrier strip, plug-in type2.2.9 Regulatory InformationFCC Identifier HZB-U5358-480 HZB-U5358-720 HZB-U5358-1000FCC Rule Parts 15.407 (UNII) 15.407 (UNII) 15.407 (UNII)Industry Canada ID TBD TBD TBDIC Rule Parts RS-210 (LE-LAN) RS-210 (LE-LAN) RS-210 (LE-LAN)2.2.10 MechanicalWidth (for 19-inch EIA 437 mm (17.2") rack mounting brackets suppliedrack mounting)Height (IDU) 44.5 mm (1.75") (1RU)Depth 304 mm (12")Weight (IDU) 3 kg. (6.7 lbs.) ODU w/o Antenna 5.2 kg. (11.4 lbs.)2.3 Front Panel Description
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-72.3.1 GeneralThe Tsunami radio front panel (no user access on rear panel), as shown in Figure 2-1, has LEDindicators, test points, controls and connections that are used for installation, maintenance, operationand troubleshooting. Prior to installation, it is best to be familiarize yourself with the front panel of yourparticular model. Sections 2.3.2 through 2.3.5 briefly describe the front panel access and indicators.Figure 2-1: IDU Front PanelFigure 2-2: ODU(Shown without antenna attached)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 2-8 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.3.2 Test Points on ODUThe Tsunami radio products do not have an on/off switch.GND This is a grounding post to connect to earth ground.RSL This is a test point (BNC connector) that relates to the Received Signal Level (RSL).The voltage is measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference)which corresponds to the actual power level of the incoming received signal.This is a test point which corresponds to the output transmit power of the radio. Thevoltage is measured with a voltmeter (using the GND test point for reference) whichcorresponds to the actual power level of the outgoing signal. This measurement isused during installation, maintenance and troubleshooting.This voltage only applies to the near-end and does not allow measurementof the far-end output transmit power, even when the DISPLAY FAR ENDbutton is pressed.There is a receptacle on the front panel to the right of the LOCAL TX PWR test pointwhich is an installation adjustment allowing the output transmit power to beincreased or decreased within the radio's specified limits. Using a small screwdriver,this adjustment is used to set the output power of the transmitter, in accordance tothe path planning.The Tsunami system requires professional installation. Transmitted outputpower limits may apply when using this radio. Consult FCC, IC, WesternMultiplex or other regulatory authorities for limits which may apply. SeeSection 3.13.1 for details on setting output power. Do not adjust outputpower above factory settings.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-92.3.3 Alarm and Status IndicatorsIDU Green = Indoor Unit OKRed = Indoor Unit detected hardware failureCable Green = ODU Cable OKRed = ODU Cable shortedODU Green = Outdoor Unit OKRed = Outdoor Unit detected hardware failureRadio Fail Green = Radio hardware OKRed = Hardware failure detectedRF Link Green = Error-free operationYellow = Bit errors occurringRed = Excessive bit errors or radio link failureFlashing = Link security ID mismatchTXD Green = 100BaseT data transmit presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedRXD Green = 100BaseT data receive presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedCOLL Yellow = Collisions occurring on 100BaseT (half-duplex mode)FAR END Red = Alarm(s) present on the far-end radio**NMS (100Base) Green = Tx or Rx data present on the NMS interfaceYellow = NMS interface connected (no data present)Off = No NMS interface connection detectedT1 INPUT Green = Alarm enabled and T1 connection detectedRed = Alarm enabled and no T1 connection detectedYellow = Alarm disabled and T1 connection detectedOff = Alarm disabled and no T1 connection detected** Radio Fail, RF Link (yellow or red), T1 Input (yellow or red)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 2-10 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.3.4 ControlsDISPLAYFAR END This push-button provides the capability to determine alarms and status of the far-end radio. When pressed and held, the alarm and status LEDs correspond to thefar-end radio’s status. This can be used for installation, maintenance andtroubleshooting. When the LED on this switch is flashing, no far-end information isavailable. This typically indicates that there is no link between near-end and far-endradios.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-112.3.5 ConnectionsRF CONNECTIONThe RF port of this Tsunami radio is an N-type female connector that is used to connect to the ODUusing coaxial transmission line.Use LDF4-50, LMR-400 or equivalent up to 100 meters (300 ft.)Use LDF4.5-50, LMR-600 or equivalent up to 300 meters (1000 ft.).DATA CONNECTIONThe connection for the Gigabit Ethernet interface that carries the signals in and out of the radio is an SCtype 1000BaseF fiber connection.DC POWER CONNECTIONThe input accepts positive or negative DC power at any voltage between 37 and 63 Volts.OPTIONAL CONNECTIONSThere are several connections that are not required for operation, but provide additional facilities to theuser.EOWVFThis connection is used to access the electronic orderwire function. This is a facilityfor "telephone" style service from one radio to another. A standard electronictelephone [one with a handset and DTMF (push-button tone) dialing] plugs into thisconnector. The user can dial the orderwire address of the far-end radio (or any radioin the Tsunami network) to establish telephone communication between sites. Thiscommunication does not interrupt or interfere with the other radio communications.The radio link must be operational to use this facility. The orderwire feature can bevery useful for installation, maintenance and troubleshooting.This connector is used to link two Tsunami radios at a repeater site for Orderwireoperation. This would allow orderwire "telephone" calls to and from any point in theTsunami network.The Tsunami orderwire circuit can also be connected to other existingorderwire networks. See Section 3.14.1 for details.ALARM This connector is used for monitoring alarms electrically. The Form C relays can beconnected to other transmission equipment for monitoring alarm status locally orremotely.DIAG This is a serial interface port (RS-232) to the Tsunami radio. This port providesconfiguration and maintenance information about the Tsunami radio(s) to a
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 2-12 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONconnected computer or terminal. See section on TELNET session in this manual.AUXDATA This is a serial interface port (RS-232, ≤9600 baud) which allows the user to connectauxiliary serial data from one point in the radio network to another. It can be used forseparate data connection for serial devices.100BaseNMS This is an Ethernet connection for access to the Tsunami NMS (SNMP or HTML).See section 4.11 for more detail for operation.T1 This is a wayside data channel for T1 (DS-1) interface of auxiliarytraffic (27400-51 Models).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-132.4 Rear Panel DescriptionThe Tsunami radio rear panel, is blank. All connections and indications are on the front panel for “singlepanel” access
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 2-14 SECTION 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION2.5 Installation AccessoriesThe Tsunami radio is shipped with several accessories commonly required for the radio as describedbelow:Rack MountBrackets Two brackets (along with required mounting screws) are provided which allow 19-inch rack mounting of the Tsunami radio.TerminalConnector This is a 6-pin mating connector used for DC power supply.DConnector9-pinFour of these mating connectors are provided. One is used for the VF port, one forthe CONFIG port, one for the ALARMS port and one for the AUX DATA port.Other accessories are available, such as orderwire handsets, connector adapters and special cables.These can be ordered separately upon request.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-13. Installation & Adjustments3.1 Shipping ContainerThe equipment is shipped in boxes unless ordered as an integrated system and configured at thefactory, in which case the equipment may be racked and shipped in a crate. The equipment ispackaged so as to prevent damage in transit.The boxes should be left intact and sheltered until arrival at the installation site.If the shipping container shows signs of damage, the transportationcompany should be notified immediately. Extra care and inspectionof the contents is advised immediately upon receipt.It is recommended that all the packaging materials be retained.In the unlikely event that the equipment must be returned to thefactory, use the original packing materials for return shipment. Theoriginal packaging materials are also recommended fortransporting the equipment from location to location.Inside the primary shipping containers, internal boxes may contain other items. These boxes shouldalso be saved for future use.Also, save the Tsunami radio test data sheet that is provided. Thetest data sheet can be placed where the Tsunami terminal will beinstalled for future quick reference. All Tsunami units are individuallytested and the actual measured performance recorded on theFactory Test Data Sheet. You will find this information to be of useduring installation, troubleshooting and maintenance.A set of “quick installation instructions” is also provided which can be useful for easy reference duringinstallation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-2 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.2 Packing Items IdentificationThe primary shipping container houses the radio along with other items including:vThis manualvInstallation accessory kit (see Section 2.5)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-33.3 Before Installation Task ListThere are several tasks that should be accomplished prior to installing the Tsunami radio system. Thissection briefly describes the following:- Site selection- Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance determination- Anticipated RSL calculation- Fade margin calculation- Availability calculation- Frequency plan determination- Power supply planning- Antenna (and accessories) purchaseOnly directional antennas should be used with Tsunami radios.These are typically flat panel or solid parabolic antennas. WesternMultiplex recommends a maximum beamwidth of 10 degrees fordirectional systems.3.3.1 Site Selection RequirementsThe radio site must have:- access to the appropriate power- close proximity to the telephone or computer system you wish to interconnect- line-of-sight to the other radio location with adequate clearance- location for mounting the antenna
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-4 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.2 Line-of-Sight and Path Clearance GuidelinesThe Tsunami radios will not operate properly unless they have line-of-sight between theircorresponding antennas. The Tsunami radio transmission will not pass through trees or otherobstacles. Factors to consider include:- Earth curvature- Future growth of trees- Height of buildingsIn addition to the line-of-sight requirement, a well-engineered path will also have additional pathclearance to allow for signal loss due to partial obstructions, atmospheric ducting and groundreflections. To maximize radio reception, 0.6 times the first Fresnel zone should be calculated and thisdistance added to the path clearance (in addition to trees or buildings).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-53.3.3 RSL Calculation and Link BudgetThe received signal level (RSL) can be estimated using the following formula:RSL (dBm) = Pout - FL1+ G1 + G2 - FL2 - Lpwhere: Pout is the transmitter output power (in dBm)FL1 is the feeder loss of the transmit side (in dB)G1 is the gain of the transmit antenna (in dB)G2 is the gain of the receive antenna (in dB)FL2 is the feeder loss of the receive side (in dB)Lp is the Path loss, defined by:Lp (dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10F + 20 log10Dwhere: F = Frequency in GHz (2.4 or 5.8)D = Distance of path in milesThis link budget is very important for determining any potential problems during installation. If youhave calculated the expected RSL, you can see if it has been achieved during installation, andtroubleshoot if necessary.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-6 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.3.4 Fade Margin CalculationThe fade margin is the difference between the actual received signal and the radio’s threshold. Usingthe formula provided in Section 3.3.3, the anticipated RSL can be calculated. Compare this RSL to thespecified threshold of the Tsunami radio (shown in Section 2.2) and calculate the fade margin as thedifference between the two signal levels.3.3.5 Availability CalculationAvailability of the microwave path is a measure of the percent of the time that the link will operatewithout producing an excessive BER due to multipath fading. In the absence of direct interference,availability is affected by the following:- Path length- Fade margin- Frequency (5.8 GHz in the case of these Tsunami radios)- Terrain (smooth, average, mountainous)- Climate (dry, temperate, hot/humid)Depending on the type of traffic carried over the link, the system designer may wish to design for aspecific availability. For example, if the data or voice traffic that is carried by the radio is critical then itmay be designed for a very high availability (e.g. 99.999% or 5.3 minutes of outage per year). Toimprove availability, for example, the fade margin can be increased by making the path shorter, or byusing higher gain antennas.1 mile 2 miles 3 miles 4 miles 5 miles 10 miles1.5'fade margin 46 40 36.5 34 N/R N/Rreliability 100 99.999 99.999 99.9992.0'fade margin 50.6 44.5 41 38.5 36.5 N/Rreliability 100 100 99.999 99.999 99.9992.5'fade margin 54.8 48.7 45.2 42.7 40.8 34.8reliability 100 100 99.999 99.999 99.999 99.9994.0'fade margin 62.6 56.5 53 50.5 48.6 42.6reliability 100 100 100 99.999 99.999 99.9996.0'fade margin 69.4 63.3 59.8 57.3 55.4 49.4reliability10010010010099.99999.999Table 3-A: Fade Margin & Availability Calculations
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-73.3.6 Power Supply PlanningThe Tsunami radio must have access to a supply of appropriate DC power. The Tsunami can bepowered from a DC battery system, or from a solar or generator power plant, usually with batteryreserves. Typically either a positive or negative 48 volt supply is used. For DC, be sure the cable is ofsufficient gauge to carry the necessary current and it is less than three (3) meters (9.75 feet) in length.Before installing the radio, plan for the continuous power consumption needs in accordance with thespecifications given in Section 2.2 of this manual. It is also wise to plan for backup power for criticalcommunication circuits (including the Tsunami radio). Backup power allows the radios and associatedequipment to continue operation when primary power is interrupted.3.3.7 Antenna PlanningUsing path planning mathematics, proper antenna size can be determined which will yield the desiredpath performance. In general, the larger the antenna that is used with the Tsunami radio, the betterthe link will perform. Larger antennas have narrower beamwidth and higher gain, which will yield betterlink performance (higher fade margin, better availability) and improve immunity to interference (due tothe smaller beamwidths). However, larger antennas are more costly to purchase and install thansmaller antennas, in some cases requiring special equipment for installation. All of these factorsshould be taken into consideration when selecting antennas.In areas where transmitted output power restrictions apply, the useof larger antennas will maintain the benefit of narrow beamwidthsand receive gain. However, output power may need to be reduced tomeet regulations. (See Section 3.13.1)Prior to installation, the specific antenna location and mounting should be determined. This advancedplanning also yields the transmission line requirements. Only dual-band/dual-polarized directional antennas can be usedwith these Tsunami radios.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-8 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.4 Tools RequiredThe following tools may be required for the installation of the Tsunami radios:- Phillips (cross tip) screwdrivers (for 19-inch rack mounting and attachment of brackets)- Small blade standard screwdriver (for power supply connector and RF output poweradjust)- Soldering iron (if using any D-type connectors)- Wire strippers (for removing insulation from power supply and other wiring)-Wire crimpers (if using any RJ-style connectors that are not pre-made)- Digital Voltmeter (to measure RSL, Tx output power, Alarms)The following tools are recommended for the installation of the Tsunami radios:- RF power meter (to measure transmitter output power)- Cellular phone or two-way radio (for talking with far-end crew and tower crew)- Bit Error Rate test set (to test link after installation)- Computer (for NMS access with 10BaseT interface and cable)- Touch-tone Telephone* (to test orderwire circuits and for communication with far-end)Additional tools will likely be needed for antenna and transmission line installation and antennaalignment. Consult Sections 3.8 through 3.10 of this manual for more details.*Telephone connection specifications:REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq.Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-93.6 Mounting the Tsunami RadioThe Tsunami radio can be mounted at any height in a standard 19-inch rack. Blank rack-mountingspaces above and below the Tsunami are recommended, especially if the surrounding equipmentdissipates a considerable amount of heat.The Tsunami radio may be set up for mounting with the front edge projecting from the front face of astandard 19-inch rack using the rack mounting brackets enclosed with the screws in the Accessory Kit(4 per bracket). The rack mounting brackets may be reversed, in order to install for flush or cabinetmounting if preferred. Depending on rack configuration, it may be necessary to remove the fouradhesive backed rubber feet on the bottom of the unit.The Tsunami radio has internal fans which intake and exhaust onthe left and right sides of the chassis. When rack mounting, it isimportant to leave a small gap between the outer edges of theradio and the inside edge of the rack.The Tsunami radio may alternatively be placed on a table or shelfattached to a wall. Because of the low weight of the Tsunami, anymounting option other than rack mounting will be less secure.The ODU is mounted on a substantial mounting pole (minimum 2.5 inches) to accommodate thesupplied mounting bracket.Figure 3-1: IDU and ODU Overview
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-10 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSFigure 3-2: ODU mount with Antenna Detail
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-113.7 Power Connection and WiringThere is no ON/OFF switch on the Tsunami. As soon aspower is applied, the equipment will be operational. Thismeans that there can be up to 1W of RF power present at theantenna port. The antenna port should be terminated beforepower is applied.Power is connected using the DC power plug contained in the Accessory Kit. Use Table 3-B or 3-Calong with the associated diagram of Figure 3-3 or 3-4 to connect the DC power cables. For example,for a negative DC power input, use Table 3-B and Figure 3-4.NEGATIVE DC POWER INPUT(–20 TO –63 VDC)PIN FUNCTION1Power (–DC)2Ground (see figure 3-1)3Return (+DC)4Return (+DC)5Ground (see figure 3-1)6Power (–DC)Table 3-B: DC Power Connection for Negative SupplyPOSITIVE DC POWER INPUT(+20 TO +63 VDC)PIN FUNCTION1Return (–DC)2Ground (see figure 3-2)3Power (+DC)4Power (+DC)5Ground (see figure 3-2)6Return (–DC)Table 3-C: DC Power Connection for Positive SupplyPins 1 and 6 are connected together on the motherboard. Either pinmay be used to apply (-DC) DC power input. Similarly, pins 3 and 4are connected together on the motherboard and may be used toapply (+DC) DC power input.For DC power return connection, connect to the opposite voltage(either the -DC or the +DC Pin) and connect the return to ground atthe DC power plug on pins 2 and/or 5.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-12 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.7.1 DC Power WiringConnect the power cable with adequate current rating (minimum of 20 AWG) to the terminals shownon the removed (not plugged into the radio) DC power plug using the screw connections. Therecommended minimum current rating of external fuses and cables is 5 Amps. The Tsunami radiosconsume less than 4 Amps at ±48V. Be sure the DC power cable is less than 3 meters (9.75 feet) inlength.Each Tsunami terminal should be externally fused separately witha 8 Amp maximum fuse. The DC power cable must be less thanthree (3) meters in length.If using negative power, connect the negative voltage to pins 1 or 6. Connect the ground returnconnection to pins 3 or 4. See Figure 3-3.If using positive power, connect the positive voltage to pins 3 or 4. Connect the ground returnconnection to pins 1 or 6. See Figure 3-4.The ground connection is available at pins 2 and 5. Either pin may be used to ground the return sideof the power supply. Do not ground both sides of the power supply.Proper grounding, either through the chassis and/or the powersupply, can be very important for protection from lightning. Agrounding screw hole is provided on the rear panel.The ground connection may be left floating if the power supply isreferenced to ground externally and to avoid ground loops in someconfigurations. However, this may not provide adequate groundingfor lightning protection.Use a DVM (digital voltmeter) to verify voltage and polarity on the DC power plug.Do not connect the DC power plug to the rear of the Tsunamiterminal until a load is connected to the antenna port (either an RFpad, or an RF cable and antenna).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-13Figure 3-3: Negative Voltage DC ConnectionFigure 3-4: Positive Voltage DC ConnectionMake sure that when connecting the mating plug that it is properlyoriented (terminal screws pointing up) and securely fastened.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-14 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.7.2 AC Power ConnectionNot available with this productFigure 3-5:
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-153.8 Antenna Installation & AlignmentThe antenna installation consists of permanently mounting the antenna and then attaching the ODUmounting plate and then the ODU itself to the mount. The antenna and ODU assembly must bemounted outdoors on a tower, building roof, or other location that provides line-of-sight path clearanceto the far-end location. In general, antennas smaller than 1.5 feet diameter are not recommended forurban.Antennas should be ordered with the suitable mounting kit specific to the site requirements. Theantenna must be very rigidly mounted, with adequate room for azimuth and elevation adjustment fromthe rear. The antenna polarization must be the same at both ends of the link, either vertical orhorizontal. The mounting kit includes the details on how to mount and adjust azimuth and tilt. Here,the details on how to mount the adapter plate and ODU are described.In general, antenna mountings require a support pipe to which upper and lower support brackets areattached with “U” bolts. The antenna and optional elevation and azimuth adjustment rods are thenmounted onto the support brackets. The whole structure must be adequately grounded for lightningprotection. The antenna system must always be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Unless special test equipment is available, two operating Tsunami radios are required to align theantennas. The antenna is coarse aligned using visual sighting and then fine aligned using the receivesignal level (RSL) voltage of the Tsunami. See figure 3-8.The RSL voltage reading can still be used to peak antennas even ifthe radios have not synchronized, however far-end RSL cannot bemeasured from the near-end terminal until radios are synchronized.INSTALLER CAUTION: Antennas used for this device must be fix-mountedon permanent outdoor structures to provide 5 meter or more separation fromall persons during device operation to comply with FCC and other regulatoryRF Exposure requirements. Installers should contact the manufacturer forapplicable antenna gain and type restrictions to ensure compliance.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-16 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.8.1 Mounting plate to pole mounting assembly:Refer to the diagram below-Figure 3-6: ODU Mounting
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-17After attaching the antenna assembly per their enclosed instructions, attach the mounting plate asshown in Figures 3-2, 3-6 and/or 3-7 below.After attaching the mounting plate, use the antenna in either the horizontal or vertical polarizationposition (remember, both ends of the link MUST use the same polarization).Note: the A and B feed coax cables must be used for horizontal orvertical polarization with the ODU.After mounting the antenna, attach the dual coax cables that connects the ODU with the IDU.Figure 3-7: IDU and ODU Dual Coaxial Connections
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-18 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.8.2 Course Antenna AlignmentTo coarse-align the antenna, first set it for flat elevation (no up or down tilt) using a spirit level. Thenpoint it at a heading marker obtained using a compass/GPS (magnetic corrected) back-bearing froman adjacent location, (ideally, 100 feet or more away from the antenna).If a heading marker cannot be set sufficiently far away (for example when on a city building roof orlooking through a window) then a rough azimuth setting can be obtained by sighting along the antennafeed.It should be verified that both antennas are on the same polarizationby using the manufacturer’s instructions. Otherwise the RSL will beapproximately 25 to 30 dB below the calculated level.Most antennas will also need fine alignment obtained using an operating link because it is veryimportant to maximize the receive RF signal level at each end of the radio link.Read Section 3.7 before applying DC power to the Tsunami radio.Once the coarse alignment has been set-up at both ends, then the link can be powered and somelevel of reliable communication established. The voltage at the Tsunami ODU RSL test point (BNCconnector) should be measured with a DVM to determine the relative receive RF signal level.For the fine alignment, adjusting first the azimuth and then the elevation of the local antenna willmaximize the RSL voltage. Then, the far antenna is aligned in the same way, using the RSL voltage ofits local Tsunami radio ODU.When aligning antennas it may be convenient to allow direct visiblity to the technicians aligning theantenna.An orderwire telephone will provide end-to-end voice communicationsonce radios are synchronized. Synchronization usually can beaccomplished by coarse alignment only. After synchronization, theorderwire phones can be used to communicate between radio sites forantenna fine alignment. The phone interconnect cable can be extendedto the antenna when desired.The larger the antenna size, the more critical alignment becomes: for example, with a 2 foot dish, theantenna can be moved ±3 degrees off the correct heading before the receive signal level drops by 3dB. This compares with a 6-foot dish which may only be moved ±1 degree for the same degradation.The graph shown in Figure 3-8 shows the typical variation of RSL voltage as the receive signal level isincreased from threshold to a higher level. There is some variation between Tsunami receivers, but anapproximate estimate of the potential RSL value may be made using this figure.Use the Factory Test Data Sheet shipped with your Tsunami terminal toobtain the best estimate of your RSL.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-19Above 0 dBm RSL, the receiver may produce errors: however this level is rarely likely to be exceeded.A link budget calculation should be made to calculate the anticipated RSL as described in Section3.3.3. During anomalous propagation conditions, the RSL may fade but will not increase up more than10 dB (except in unusual very long paths which may fade up by 15 dB).Antenna alignment should enable the RSL to be peaked to the levelcalculated in the link budget. If the RSL is peaked but isapproximately 20 dB below the calculated level, then it is likely thatthe antennas are aligned on a sidelobe of the antenna's radiatedsignal. In this case, the antennas should be rotated in a wide arc untilthe main lobe is located. (Other possible causes of low RSL are pathobstructions, loss in connectors, adapters and pigtail jumper cablesor different antenna polarization at each end of the link.)Tsunami Gigabit Models0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40RSL (dB)VoltsFigure 3-8: Typical RSL Voltage versus Received Signal Level (RSL)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-20 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.9 Ethernet Interface ConnectionThe radio link’s 1000BaseF interface connection to the Tsunami radio is on the front panel.Additional external lightning protection devices are recommended forthe connections if the radio is installed in an area prone to lightning.Use only PolyPhaser or equivalent protectors that are rated for atleast 2000MHz and pass DC current (non DC blocking type).The 1000BaseF connection to the Tsunami is at the data interface on the front of the shelf.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-213.10 System Turn-up to Service1. Prior to installing the system, it may be desirable to perform a back-to-back test of the Tsunamiradio pair. Consult Section 4.9 for further details. Back-to-back testing is a simple way to verifythat the Tsunami radios are fully operational before they are installed. Installation adds severalvariables (such as antenna alignment) which can lead to system turn-up delays. Also, duringback-to-back testing, the DIP switch settings and some connections can be tested. This stepcan eliminate a majority of troubleshooting once the radios are installed.A cellular phone or two-way radio system (walkie talkie, CB,mobile radio) can be very useful during installation. These canbe used for temporary near-end and far-end communicationsbetween the installation personnel at one site and installationpersonnel at the other site while installing the system. These canalso be helpful for communication between a person at the top ofa very tall tower and ground personnel.The Tsunami radio incorporates an internal Orderwire featurethat provides end-to-end “telephone” style communications.However, the link must be partially operational to use this feature.In lieu of, or in addition to the use of cellular phones or two-wayradio, this Orderwire feature can also be very useful forinstallation, but typically cannot be put into service until step 8 or9 of this procedure is completed. See Section 3.14.1 for moredetails.2. Perform a general alignment of the antennas on both ends of the path using binoculars,compass or other related tools. It is important to have the antennas aligned as accurately aspossible before putting radio traffic over the link. This will help in getting the system runningmore rapidly. See Section 3.10 for more details.3. Connect the transmission line to the antenna, and feed it to the Tsunami radio location (seeSection 3.9). Connect the opposite end of the transmission line to the N-type femaleconnector located on the filter assembly which occupies the top half of the Tsunami rearpanel. The connection must be terminated into an antenna or a load before DC power isapplied to the radio.4. Verify that the same channel plan (e.g. A, B) as the near-end radio, and the opposite Tx andRx frequencies (e.g. A1 and A2 make up a matched pair of radios).5. With the DC power source active, but not plugged into the Tsunami radio, using a voltmeter,confirm that the DC mating connector has the proper power connections in accordance withSection 3.7. Verify the polarity and the absolute voltage on all pins. Verify ground connectionfor power.6. Connect power to the Tsunami radio. Verify that the Front Panel “ON” LED indication isilluminated. This confirms that power has been properly applied.Ensure that the RF Antenna port connection is properly terminatedbefore applying power to the Tsunami terminal, as in step 3.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-22 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTSWhen the Tsunami radio is initially powered-on, some alarmconditions may be present. This is normal and alarms can beignored at this time.The Tsunami radio requires professional installation. With someTsunami models, in certain countries, there may be EffectiveIsotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) limits which dictate the maximumoutput power that the Tsunami radio can transmit given thetransmission line loss and the gain of the antenna. Consult withappropriate government agencies or Western Multiplex if there isany question regarding maximum output power allowed. Do notadjust output power above factory settings.7. Connect a voltmeter to the ODU’s test points (BNC connection). This voltage readingcorresponds to the Received Signal Level (RSL) of the near-end radio. In other words, RSL isthe “amount” of signal the near-end radio is receiving from the far-end radio. Since theantennas have not been finely aligned, it is not expected at this time that the RSL will readvery high. However, at this point it can be verified that some communication is taking placebetween the two Tsunami terminals. Use the RSL voltage reading to align the antennas. Alignone antenna at a time in accordance with Section 3.10. Complete alignment of both ends ofthe radio link before going further.The RSL voltage output on the radio's front panel will output avoltage over the usable range of the radio. Refer to Figure 3-8 inSection 3.8.2.RSL of both ends should be verified to be within approximately 2 dB of predicted value (seeSection 3.3.3). There are several factors that can contribute to low RSL:-Incorrect antenna alignment (aligned on a lobe and not on the main signal)-Improper polarization alignment of antennas (horizontal vs. vertical)-Transmission line problems (loose connections, bent or damaged cables, lossyadapters)-Path obstructions (trees, buildings, hills, etc.)-Path clearance (line-of-sight, earth curvature, Fresnel zone, diffraction and partialobstruction)-Weather (inversion layers, ducting and multipath)- Antenna feed (coaxial/connector) problem
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-23The Tsunami radio requires professional installation. Don’t forgetthat the transmitter output power adjustment on the Tsunami radioeffects the RSL. Depending on EIRP limits (if any), path distance,and antenna gain, you may need to adjust the output transmitpower to the proper level before putting the radios in service.If radio synchronization has been established, the radio link maybe able to provide some limited communications over the link. Itcan be helpful to establish voice communications from one end ofthe radio link to the other using the Orderwire feature of theTsunami radio. See Section 3.14.1 for details.If RSL is lower than anticipated, recheck the path clearance and transmission line as these are thetypical causes of low RSL. Radio operations can be verified by connecting radios back-to-back withattenuators (40-60 dB), (see Section 4.9). If the problem remains, consult Section 4 of this manual fortroubleshooting techniques which will help determine the source of the problem.8. Once radio performance is verified and acceptable, the Tsunami radios can now be put intoservice with the intended Gigabit Ethernet traffic. Connect to the LAN or computer using theSC (fiber) 1000BaseF connector. With Ethernet traffic applied in both directions, all frontpanel LEDs, except for POWER and the data TXD/RXD lights should be off. If any otherLEDs are on, consult the trouble shooting sections of this manual.9. Now that the link is operational, other services can be connected including T1 (DSX-1),Orderwire, Diagnostics, Alarms and Aux Data (Service Channel). Consult Section 3.14 fordetails on these connections.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-24 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.11 Additional ConnectionsThere are additional customer connections which are optional and are not required to make theTsunami operational but may prove useful.3.11.1 Orderwire ConnectionOrderwire is a “telephone” type wayside service which allows users of the Tsunami radio to establishvoice communications from one radio to another, either directly to the companion far-end, or througha repeater configuration, or several repeater configurations.Telephone connection specifications:REN (Ringer Equivalency Number) 1.0 BDTMF tones within ±1.5% of nominal freq.Ringing Voltage 48 VDC, typical(Ringing voltage is adequate for modern solid state ringers,NOT for the older mechanical type ringers)This Orderwire service does not affect the normal radio transmission of traffic. Refer to Section 2.3.5for the telephone specifications. For simple near-end to far-end communications, follow the stepsbelow:1. Using a standard RJ-11 telephone cable, connect a standard electronic telephone (a touchtone phone, complete with dialer; a handset by itself will not work) to the Orderwire connectoron the Tsunami front panel. This connector is wired identically to a standard two-wiretelephone jack, see Figure 3-9 for details.2. With a telephone connected to each Tsunami terminal on opposite ends of the link, eithertelephone can be used to “dial-up” the far-end location. The far-end terminal’s internal ringerand the connected telephone will ring, and if answered, two-way full-duplex voicecommunication is established.If using the Orderwire or Network management functions, allTsunami radios connected must have unique address settings(telephone numbers).4. If the Tsunami radios are connected in a repeater configuration, Orderwire services can beestablished to all Tsunami terminals in the network by implementing a connection of their rear-panel connectors between repeater terminals. At the repeater site, a cable can be connected tothe two Tsunami terminals between their rear panel VF 9-pin connectors as shown in Figure 3-6.With this cable in place, the Orderwire function will operate at terminals at each end of therepeater and at the repeater site. This function can be continued through several repeater sites ifdesired. For hub connections of 3 or more Tsunami radios at the same site, an external 4-wirebridge is required to connect all radios to the orderwire.The orderwire system can be integrated with orderwire equipmentsupported by many other vendors. If your existing orderwire
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-25network uses 2 digit addressing, and 0 dBm VF interface, it can be connectedto a Tsunami as shown in Figure 3-9.Dialing a V (star key) on the orderwire telephone implements an “all call”feature which rings all connected radios. Also, if a phone anywhere in theconnected network has accidentally been left off-hook, the # (pound key) keycan be used to mute all off-hook handsets until they are placed on and offhook again.The orderwire operates like a “party line”. All telephones providecommunication to all other telephones in the connected network. Even if aparticular telephone does not ring, it can still be used to talk and listen to anyongoing orderwire activity if the orderwire is in use at other terminal locations.Orderwire ConnectionVF Port ConnectionFigure 3-9: Orderwire & VF Port Connection
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-26 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.11.2 Alarm ConnectionsExternal alarm outputs are provided at the 9-pin, D-type subminiature ALARM connector. There aretwo Form C summary alarm relays capable of switching 30 VDC at 1 A. See Table 3-D and Figure 3-10 for Alarm Connections.The “summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any near-end front panel LED alarm condition,including if the internal test mode is enabled.The “out-of-service summary” alarm (Form C relay) is activated by any of the following alarmconditions:vRF LINKvRadio FailvInternal TestFigure 3-10: Pin Connections, ALARM Interface
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-27PIN 1 NO, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normallyopen connection on summary alarm relay.Closed when in alarm.PIN 4 NO, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - normally open connection on out-of-service summary alarm relay. Closed when inalarm.PIN 6 C, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - commonconnection on the summary alarm relay. PIN 9 C, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - common connection for the out-of-service summary alarm relay.PIN 2 NC, SUMMARY ALARM, FORM C - normallyclosed connection on summary alarm relay. PIN 5 NC, OUT OF SERVICE SUMMARY ALARM,FORM C - normally closed connection on out-of-service summary alarm relay. Open when inalarm.PIN 7 RSL output DC voltage referenced to pin 3 PIN 8 Tx Power output DC voltage referenced to pin 3Table 3-D: Alarm Interface ConnectionsAll alarms are active for a minimum of one second, or as long asthe alarm condition persists, which ever is longer.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-28 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.11.3 Configuration (Diagnostic) Port OperationThe “Config” Port is used to retrieve diagnostic information and to configure additional features withinthe Tsunami radios by means of a computer connection via SERIAL interface. Also can be used as anRS-232 port to download the latest revision radio operation software.The config port allows connection of RS-232 devices to receive status of the Tsunami radio andprovide configuration.For RS-232 diagnostics connection (Section 4.11) to the Tsunami radio, connect the serial device(modem, computer, terminal) to the male 9-pin subminiature connector in accordance with Figure 3-11.Figure 3-11: RS-232 Config Port ConnectionsPins 6 through 9 must not be connected for RS-232 communicationsto operate properly.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-293.11.4 AUX DATA (Digital Service Channel) ConnectionThe AUX DATA port is a separate wayside serial port which can be configured to allow the connectionof any user serial data (to 9600 baud) through the radio network. Connection to the AUX DATA port isan RS-232 serial interface, identical to the config port (see Section 3.14.3). This port does not affectthe Ethernet traffic on the Tsunami radio.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 3-30 SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS3.11.5 T1 (DSX-1) Interface ConnectionThe Tsunami radio also provides four wayside T1 connections. These connections allows for standardDSX-1 connect of voice circuits without affecting the Ethernet traffic. A standard RJ-48c connector isprovided for this connection.3.11.6 CEPT-1 (E1) InterfaceConnectionNot provided with this model at this time3.11.7 NMS Interface ConnectionThe NMS connection provides connection for the network management system. This allows an HTMLinterface to the Tsunami radio for purposes of monitoring, configuration and security settings. Thisconnection is an RJ-45 style connection and complies to standard 100BaseT or F interface. Typically,the installer or manager will connect to the NMS with a stand-alone computer to initially configure theradio prior to installation. If IP addresses and security are set properly, the connection can also beused as an out-of-band connection for radio management. Alternatively, if the 100BaseT/F isconnected to a network, or combined with the 100BaseT traffic on the link, via an external 10/100switch, hub or router, full wireless NMS can be achieved for all radios in the network.The factory default IP address is set to 10.0.0.1. To reset the radio back to the factory default, Holddown the far-end test button while powering up the radio. Release the switch after 6 seconds.More details on the NMS connection can be found in Section 4 ofthis manual. In the future, this connection will also allow NMS viaSNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) in addition to theHTML interface that is presently supplied. Consult factory fordetails or assistance with NMS connections, if required. Ethernet Cable:Straight version to hub/switch, crossed version direct to PC. Pins:1=Tx+, 2=Tx-, 3=Rx+ & 6=Rx
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 3: INSTALLATION & ADJUSTMENTS PAGE 3-31Your Notes on the Tsunami Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-14. Troubleshooting4.1 Regular MaintenanceThe Tsunami radios do not require any regular maintenance, however, it is prudent to monitor theradio link at regular intervals to assure that the link conditions are not changing. When visiting aradio site for maintenance, the following items may be checked and their results recorded:vRSL VoltagevPWR VoltagevFar-end RSL VoltagevAlarm conditionsvVerify radio has adequate ventilationvVerify security ID is set the same at each radio through NMSIf any alarm conditions exist, they should be recorded, and troubleshooting procedures from thisSection of the manual should be followed.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-2 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.2 Technical SupportWestern Multiplex provides 24-hour telephone technical support for installed Tsunami radios.Customers are encouraged to troubleshoot the radio and link in accordance with the latter part ofthis section in this manual before contacting Western Multiplex. Western Multiplex also has alimited supply of Tsunami radios that can be loaned to out-of-service customers for installationwhile units are being repaired. Loaner supply is limited, and is only used for critical applications ona first-come, first-served basis.Customer service #: +1 408 542-5390
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-34.3 Repair PolicyThe Tsunami terminal includes comprehensive alarm indicators designed to diagnose potentialfaults. Should a fault occur, it often may be resolved by operator adjustment.Should a fault occur that cannot be resolved by operator adjustment and has been confirmed bylooping terminals together on the bench (See Section 4.7), then the equipment should be returnedto the factory for repair.The Tsunami radio is a complex system not designed for user repair. Do not remove the cover oropen any part of the Tsunami terminal. The complete Tsunami terminal should be sent back in itsoriginal packing material for factory repair.Please contact the factory in advance of returning the product. You will be assigned a ReturnMaterial Authorization (RMA) number that authorizes your return. Units sent to the factory withoutan RMA number may be delayed in the processing of the repair. Be sure to include the followinginformation:vRMA numbervdescription of the problemvyour name and telephone numbervreturn shipping addressvurgency of repairPlease refer to the published Warranty policy for repair policydetails.Tsunami radios should be packaged in their original packingboxes for shipment whenever possible Western Multiplex canprovide an empty box shipment to facilitate proper packaging.Regardless, proper and adequate packaging must be used forshipments to protect the radio(s) from damage. WesternMultiplex can not be held responsible for any repairs due toinadequately packed materials. Damage caused by improperpacking will likely result in higher repair costs and delays (referto the Warranty section at the beginning of this manual).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-4 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.4 Front Panel Status LEDsThere are several front panel status LEDs on the Tsunami radio. These LEDs indicate conditionswhere either a hardware failure has occurred or the radio link is not optimum. In many cases, acombination of LEDs may be illuminated. The following sections describe the necessarytroubleshooting procedures should any LED(s) indicate a problem during or after installation.IDU Green = Indoor Unit OKRed = Indoor Unit detected hardware failureCable Green = ODU Cable OKRed = ODU Cable shortedODU Green = Outdoor Unit OKRed = Outdoor Unit detected hardware failureRadio Fail Green = Radio hardware OKRed = Hardware failure detectedRF LinkGreen = Error-free operationYellow = Bit errors occurringRed = Excessive bit errors or radio link failureFlashing = Link ID mismatchedTXD Green = 100BaseT data transmit presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedRXD Green = 100BaseT data receive presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedCOLL Yellow = Collisions occurring on 100BaseT (half-duplex mode)FAR END Red = Alarm(s) present on the far-end radio**NMS (10BaseT) Green = Tx or Rx data present on the NMS interfaceYellow = NMS interface connected (no data present)Off = No NMS interface connection detectedT1 INPUTGreen = Alarm enabled and T1 connection detectedRed = Alarm enabled and no T1 connection detectedYellow = Alarm disabled and T1 connection detectedOff = Alarm disabled and no T1 connection detected** Radio Fail, RF Link (yellow or red), T1 Input (yellow or red)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-54.4.1 RF LINK AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that the demodulator function is not synchronizing with the intended receivedsignal.Possible Causes:vSevere path fading due to atmospheric conditions, usually accompanied by low RSLvoltage readingvPoor transmission line connections usually accompanied by low RSL voltage readingvAntenna problems, misalignment, or path clearance usually accompanied by low RSLvoltage readingvImproper radio settings (e.g. frequency channel)vReceived signal level (RSL) is too strongvInterferencevFar-End radio transmitter circuitry is faultyvNear-End radio receiver circuitry is faultyvLink security ID not the same for each radioRecommended Actions:Check the following at each end of the link:vVerify that rear panel filters are opposite channel plans on each end (e.g. one is A1 andother is A2).vVerify that radio frequency settings match each installed filter (in NMS menus).vVerify that all connections between radios and antennas are secure and all devicesbetween radios and antennas are rated for the radio frequency band (5.3/5.8 GHz).Measure RSL by placing a voltmeter across RSL and GND test points. Compare this voltage tothe Factory Test Data Sheet and estimate the RSL in dBm. Compare this to the RSL that wasexpected using path calculations (see Section 3.3.3). Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR ENDbutton and measure the far-end RSL (while continuing to hold the button). Compare this RSL tothe Factory Test Data Sheet for the far-end radio and estimate the RSL in dBm. Again, comparethis RSL to the expected RSL from the link budget calculations.If RSL from both ends of the radio are approximately the same as each other, but lower thananticipated for this installation, then the likely cause of the BER alarm(s) is excessive lossesbetween the radios. Excessive loss problems could include the transmission line at either end, alladapters, connectors, the antennas, the antenna alignment as well as the path itself (anyobstructions or clearance problems). Antenna alignment, line-of-sight and path clearance shouldbe verified; if this does not improve RSL, all devices between the radios and their antennas atboth ends should be checked. Make sure all transmission line, connectors and any other devicesare properly rated for operation at the radio's frequency (5.3/5.8 GHz).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-6 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGIf only one end has low RSL, this could be caused by low transmit output power from the oppositeend radio. Verify that the transmitter output power of the radio opposite to the low RSL receiverhas been set in accordance to path calculations, or EIRP restrictions (where applicable). Poweradjustment must be performed by professional installation personnel only. The PWR test pointcan be used and compared with the Factory Test Data Sheet, the front panel recessedpotentiometer can be turned clockwise to increase power. If an RF power meter is available, thiscan be connected to the RF output of the radio for precision measurement. This test will alsoverify that the radio transmitter is working properly.If one terminal (or both) has high RSL, this could be caused by a very short path or interference.To verify the possible presence of interference, remove DC power to the radio which is opposite tothe one that is reading high RSL. Once power is removed, measure RSL on the remaining radio.If RSL voltage is lower than that which is listed for "Threshold" in the Factory Test Data Sheet,then an interfering signal is present. If interference is suspected, the easiest potential remedy is toswap frequency channels on both sides of the link. See Section 4.2 for details. Swap terminals atboth ends of the link so that they are the opposite from their original installation. After both endsare moved, reconnect the radios and determine if the BER alarm is still active. If the BER alarm isstill active, other frequency channels can be installed, or other interference countermeasures canbe tried, in accordance with Section 4.8.If all path related and data input problems have been pursued and the BER alarm is still active,the problem could be related to a radio failure. While radio failure is typically indicated by moresevere alarm conditions, it is possible that one of the radios may be out of specification, and thiscould be the cause of the BER alarm. A back-to-back test will verify proper radio operation. SeeSection 4.9 for details. A threshold test on both radios along with a test to verify proper RF outputpower would be beneficial.Perform a back-to-back test before returning any radio terminal tothe factory for repair. A back-to-back test verifies radio operation.(See Section 4.7).If the radios successfully pass their back-to-back testing, the problem is likely with the path or theconnections between the radio and the antenna or interference. Before reinstalling the radios, besure to set the output power to the appropriate level for the installation.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-74.4.2 RADIO FAIL AlarmFunction:The RADIO FAIL alarm indicates a known problem with the radio hardware.Possible Causes:vInternal synthesizers are unlockedvInternal digital circuits have failedRecommended Actions:1. Remove power from the unit.2. Check to make sure power supply voltages are within specification.3. Even if the voltages were within specification, reapply power to the unit.4. If RADIO FAIL alarm clears, place the radio back into service.5. If RADIO FAIL alarm does not clear, perform a back-to-back test to verify radio operation, asdescribed in Section 4.7.6. If RADIO FAIL alarm is still active in a back-to-back test, return the radio to the factory forrepair (see Section 4.3).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-8 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.4.3 FAR END AlarmFunction:This LED indicates that there is an alarm condition present on the far-end radio. When theDISPLAY FAR END button is pressed (and held), the status LEDs indicate the alarm conditions ofthe far-end radio.Possible Cause:vOne or more alarm condition(s) exist on the far-end radioRecommended Actions:1. Press and hold the DISPLAY FAR END button and observe the LED status.2. Follow instructions for troubleshooting the far-end radio in accordance to the appropriateLEDs which are in alarm, as described in Section 4.6.1.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-94.5 Errors in the Data StreamWhen the radio is in service, errors in the data stream may occur. This is usually known to theoperator by either faulty data indications of downstream equipment or external bit error ratetesting.It is possible that no alarms appear on the front panel during normal operations, but there areerrors present in the data stream. Some errors will not result in no alarm (such as bipolarviolations, slow "dribbling" errors, improperly terminated connections or incorrect settings), but willbe exhibited on downstream data processing equipment or during a BER test. In other cases,there may be data errors due to atmospheric conditions (fading), interference or other reasons,but not at a high enough error level to be indicated with the BER alarm LED. In the case of thesetypes of errors, the following information can be helpful to troubleshoot the radio link.Indications:vDuring external BER test, test equipment indicates errorsvDownstream equipment (mux, channel bank, CODEC, router, etc.) indicates errorsPossible Causes:vPath fading due to atmospheric conditionsvPoor transmission line connectionsvAntenna problems, misalignment or path clearancevReceived signal level (RSL) is too strongvFar-End radio transmitter circuitry is faultyvNear-End radio receiver circuitry is faultyvInterferenceRecommended Actions:1. Verify 1000BaseF fiber connection and cable.2. Follow the instructions described in Section 4.4.1
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-10 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.6 Back-to-Back TestingBack-to-back testing, as shown in Figure 4-1, is an ideal method of testing the Tsunami radios.This testing eliminates link problems caused by auxiliary equipment, installation, or the radio pathand isolates potential radio hardware problems. Back-to-back testing must be performed with bothradios at the same location. The following test equipment is required:vDC power source capable of supplying approximately 250 Watts (total) to the radios.vTwo coax couplings and 70dB loss attenuation per cable.vBER testerBack-to-back testing must be performed to verify a radioproblem before returning any radio to the factory for repair.Use two coax cables and approximately 70dB attenuation percableWhen the equipment is connected as shown in Figure 4-1, both Tsunami radios should have noalarm conditions. If these conditions have been met, then it is likely that the Tsunami radio isoperating in accordance to specifications. If errors or alarms occur during this test, verify that allconfiguration settings are properly set. If alarms or errors are still present, the radio is likely to befaulty.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-11Figure 4-1: Back-to-Back Test ConfigurationThe Tsunami radios will be damaged if appropriate attenuation isnot supplied between radios. You must provide a minimum of 40dB and no more than 80 dB attenuation between the two radios.Use this attenuation in EACH of the two connection cables!
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-12 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.7 LINK TestingLink testing is the preferred way to evaluate a radio link’s performance. It can be performed fromend-to-end or in link test mode (which tests both directions of the radio path). Figure 4-2 illustratesa typical test configuration (which may include the radio’s path instead of in-line attenuators).Figure 4-2 illustrates a typical test configuration for end-to-end testing.When performing testing, make sure of the following:- Disconnect all 1000BaseF inputs and outputs to both radios.- Verify all configuration settings.Link testing may be performed on the bench, with two terminals back to back, or over the radiopath. Also, it may be performed from end-to-end (which requires two 1000BaseF test sets over alink, the far-end unit slaved to the near-end unit’s clock) or in loopback mode)If link testing indicates an unacceptable level of errors, follow the instructions in Section 4.4.1. orperform a back-to-back test.Figure 4-2: End-to-End Test ConfigurationTsunami Tsunami1000baseFTester1000baseFTester
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-134.8 Network Management System (NMS)The Tsunami 1000BaseF radio platform provides multiple methods of managing the radionetwork:1) SNMP2) Browser (IE, Netscape, etc.) graphical user interface3) Software upgrade procedure4) TelNet (via VT100 session using Windows Hyperlink)4.8.1 SNMPUse your favorite SNMP access software such as HP OpenView. Please contact customerservice/support to get a copy of the MIB file e-mailed to you or from our FTP site.4.8.2 Browser GUIUse Internet Explorer™ or Netscape™ to access the radio by typing in its IP address. If you aresetting up the radios for the first time, the default IP address is: 10.0.0.1 You will have to configureyour computer to this domain first by setting its address to 10.0.0.5 and then changing the radio’sIP to one within the domain of your network. After changing one radio’s IP address (seeConfiguration tab) change the other radio’s IP address also, but not to the same address of theprevious radio. Reconfigure the IP address of your computer to it’s original address and thenrestart the PC so it is now in the same domain as the radios.The browser interface shows a “virtual” front panel of the radio that is addressed. To view the frontpanel of the associated far-end radio, click on the window that is located on the virtual front panel(see following illustrations). Illustrations on the next few pages of this manual provide details on allbrowser screens and operations.4.8.3 In-band NMS Set-upUse a 4-port (or larger) 100/1000 switch (recommended as opposed to a hub that will also work)at each radio to operate the NMS in-band with the 100BaseT/F traffic. The NMS port can have aunique domain that is valid only with the PC that is being used for network management andsystem-wide operational status and will not interfere with 100BaseT/F traffic as the radio's MACaddress plus its IP address are unique.Radios are set at the factory to IP addr: 10.0.0.1. Temporally set your PCs domain (write down itspresent IP address) to a suggested setting of PC=10.0.0.5-the PC will force a re-boot. Re-bootthe PC computer attached to the first radio's 100BaseT NMS port and log-in to radio NMSw/favorite browser (IE or Netscape) after log-in (manager:manager). Change the IP address(Configuration) to an unused one in your domain (if you want to also change the password at thistime, do this first). Do the same with other radio (may have to reboot computer attached to thisother 10.0.0.1 radio as the other's MAC address does not match the MAC/IP address the PCknows about). Set the IP address this radio to a different IP address in your normal operatingdomain. Set your PC back to its original domain (will force reboot again). This should allow fortypical LAN operation. Type http://10.0.0.1/index.htm to gain initial access.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-14 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGLogin Screen 1Enter User Name and Password. If using forthe first time or the radio has been reset, use:Full User Rights:User Name: managerPassword: managerLimited User Rights:User Name: operatorPassword: operatorIt’s advisable to change the password settingon the administration (Admin) page to protectradio settings, configuration and illegal entryinto the radio system.Login Screen 2With default Name and PasswordClick on “Log On” to gain entry
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-15Device ScreenTsunami model information including softwarerevision versions and product serial number.Configuration 1The radio’s characteristics can be modifiedfrom this page. The ‘Current’ column indicatescurrent settings and the ‘New’ column the radiosetting(s) that can be changed. Use the pull-down menus to select the new setting. Then,click on the Set button to invoke the setting.In some cases it may be necessary to “refresh”the screen to see changes to settings.Warning: the Tx/Rx Frequency can not bechanged without also changing the physicaldiplexer.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-16 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGHelp ScreenAt any time, on any page, clicking on Help willopen a separate help window to facilitateoperation of the Browser NMS.Use the help page to provide details on theconfiguration settings.Use the window close box to dispense with thehelp screen when finished.Configuration 2Scroll down to see the complete list of radioconfiguration settings.Here is where the radio’s IP setting can bemodified from the factory default 10.0.0.1Note: To return to defaults, power up the radiowhile depressing the link test button andholding until the LEDs flash RED.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-17Performance 1Running data on the operation of the radio link.To reset the historical data, click on HistoryReset.Note alarm bar between front panel depictionand performance data.Performance 2New screen after resetting history.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-18 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGAlarmsBoth near-end and Far-end information on therunning status of the link are displayed on thissingle page.AdministrationChange the default password (manager oroperator) for subsequent entry into the browserNMS.Click on set after changing the password.If you forget the password, you must fully resetthe radio by holding in the far-end button on thefront of the radio while powering it up.Here is also where the IP address, subnetmask, default gateway and SNMP communityinformation is located.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-19Contact InformationThe E-mail and the URL links are active text ifselected. Each will start your e-mail or browserwhen either is clicked on.Link failure indication!If the link is lost, the severely errored secondswill display the amount of time the link was notpassing sufficient data (see above).In this example, the near-end radio lost syncwith the far-end radio.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-20 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.8.2.1 NMS Help screen details:LEDsIDU Green = Indoor Unit OKRed = Indoor Unit detected hardware failureCable Green = ODU Cable OKRed = ODU Cable shortedODU Green = Outdoor Unit OKRed = Outdoor Unit detected hardware failureRadio Fail Green = Radio hardware OKRed = Hardware failure detectedRF Link Green = Error-free operationYellow = Bit errors occurringRed = Excessive bit errors or radio link failureTXD Green = 100BaseT data transmit presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedRXD Green = 100BaseT data receive presentYellow = 100BaseT port connected (no data present)Off = No 100BaseT connection detectedCOLL Yellow = Collisions occurring on 100BaseT (half-duplex mode)FAR END Red = Alarm(s) present on the far-end radio**NMS (10BaseT) Green = Tx or Rx data present on the NMS interfaceYellow = NMS interface connected (no data present)Off = No NMS interface connection detectedT1 INPUTGreen = Alarm enabled and T1 connection detectedRed = Alarm enabled and no T1 connection detectedYellow = Alarm disabled and T1 connection detectedOff = Alarm disabled and no T1 connection detected** Radio Fail, RF Link (yellow or red), T1 Input (yellow or red)
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-21ConfigurationT1 Line Code AMI/B8ZS setting for the T1 interfaceT1 Line Build Out T1 interface line length settingT1 AIS @BER=10e-3 If selected, automatic injection of 1's into the T1data stream during RF Link red alarm stateT1 Input Alarm If selected, activates alarm on loss of T1 signalT1 Near-end Radio Loopback Activates loopback at the T1 input port of the near-end,towards the far-end of the linkT1 Far-end Radio Loopback Activates loopback at the T1 input port of the far-end,towards the near-end of the linkOrderwire Address Orderwire telephone address (any 2 digit number 00-99)Link Security CodeSecurity code set by user (any 6 bytes=12 characters)Valid characters are 0-9, A-F only (2 to the 48th codes)Note: Must match code on far-end radio to establish linkExample: 3A45EBA27F65 or BDAF3976D2C5Tx/Rx Frequency Selects Tx and Rx frequencies – setting must matchinstalled diplexer filter assembly – see manual for detailsEthernet Duplex Selects half or full duplex for the 100BaseT interfaceLearning Filter Enables the ability to acquire and store IP addressesfor efficient bridging operation (normally enabled)Fiber Optic Interface Enables the fiber 100BaseT interfaceDevice IP Address Configure the IP address for the networkmanagement Ethernet interfaceDevice Subnet Mask Configure the subnet mask for the networkmanagement Ethernet interfaceSNMP Get Community Configure the ‘Get’ community string for the radio'sSNMP network management agentSNMP Set Community Configure the ‘Set’ community string for the radio'sSNMP network management agent
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-22 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGPerformanceCurrent BER Current estimated RF link bit error rateCurrent RSL (dBm) Current estimated received signal level, in dBmErrored Seconds Number of seconds that incurred an error since the last resetof the "clear history" function. Indicates errored packets.Severely Errored Seconds Number of seconds that incurred errors in excess ofBER=10e-6 since the last reset of the "clear history" functionUsually indicates total loss of data/packets, not just errorsMin RSL (dBm) Minimum estimated received signal level (in dBm) measuredsince the last reset of the "clear history" functionMax RSL (dBm) Maximum estimated received signal level (in dBm) measuredsince the last reset of the "clear history" functionElapsed Seconds Since Reset Number of seconds since the last reset of the "clear history"functionAlarmsIF GREEN IF REDT1 Input T1 Input is present orT1 input alarm is disabled T1 Input is NOT present andT1 input alarm is enabledT1 CodeViolation No T1 code violation error detected T1 code violation error detectedT1 Line Driver Line driver is adequate Line driver is in fault conditionT1 AIS NOT injecting all 1s Injecting all 1s in data streamRadio Sync Radio link is synchronized Radio link NOT establishedBit Error Error-free operation Bit Error Rate worse than 10e-7Fan 1 Fan 1 is operating correctly Fan 1 is NOT operating correctlyFan 2 Fan 2 is operating correctly Fan 2 is NOT operating correctlyRx Synth Receive synthesizer is locked Receive synthesizer NOT locked
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-23Tx Synth Transmit synthesizer is locked Transmit synthesizer NOT lockedODU PLOAlarm ODU Phase Lock Loop is locked ODU PLL is not lockedODUSynth Alarm ODU Synthesizer is locked ODU Synthesizer is NOT lockedODU Comm ODU is communicating w/IDU ODU NOT communicating w/IDUODUPWS15V 15V Power Supply is normal 15V Power Supply is out of rangeODUCable Alarm ODU Cable is normal ODU Cable is shorted
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-24 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING4.8.4 Software Update Download ProcedureSoftware download procedure on Tsunami 100 (second release V 2.0):1) Connect the host PC tot the radio terminal through the NMS 10BaseT port.2) Point the browser to the radio's Web page "http//xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/upload.htm".(For factory default use 10.0.0.1 for the http: address)3) Login as "manager" for name and password on the GUI prompt.4) Follow the instructions on the screen. a) Enter the file name you want to upload, e.g. (a:ts_nmu.udl software bianary imagefile), or select the browse button and point to the proper location. b) While the file name is displayed on the screen, select the install button. c) It will display a status child window indicating it is erasing and writing to the unusedBank.. (Note the Bank # for ref.) d) After it is complete, you will see this message "File upload finished and system willreboot! Restart browser to logon again" e) Now, you can re-enter the upload GUI and insure the new uploaded Bank is validand is the current Bank in use.Memory Banks:The radio has two banks of flash memory available, Bank 0 and Bank 1, only one bank will be inuse at a time. The radio will automatically utilize the new uploaded bank.In addition, through the procedure, you can also manually select Bank 0 or Bank 1 by selectingthe (switch) button. Switching between Banks is quick and you will need to re-start the browser.Also, to determine if a flash memory Bank has any software, you can read the Bank status. E.g.Valid or invalid, invalid indicating that it is an empty memory Bank.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-254.8.5 TelnetUse a standard TELNET session (i.e. Windows Hyperlink). Program will emulate a VT100monitor. Plug into the radio’s CONFIGuration port.Set the session to an unused COM port (e.g. COM1) and use 19,200 baud, 8 bits, No parity andOne stop bit. Cable is two (2) DB-9F connectors with pins 2-3, 3-2 and 5-5 using 3 conductor wire.To start a session (type what is within the single quotes and then the Enter key):Hit the PC’s CR/Enter key two (2) times after the radio has reinitializedType ‘1’ and CR/Enter to enter the User Name and then Enter key (factory default=manager)Type ‘2’ and CR/Enter to enter the Password and then the Enter key (factory default=manager)Type ‘a’ and Enter Key to accept the two entries - you should now see a menu list (a=accept)Any time you wish to go back to a previous screen, type ‘o’ for out (if an ‘o’ does not exit from thepage you working from, use ‘logout’ to exit).There are many user changeable functions that may not be present in the browser such as settingthe “Default Gateway” if the radio’s NMS port is connected through a router.As an example, the following steps can be used to check the radio’s Network Status:From the NMU Main Menu, type 3 and Enter.Note the radio’s IP address, subnet mask, MAC address and other radio parameters.Example 2: Set a Default Gateway:From the main menu (after logging in), type ‘11‘ to get to the VxWorks Shell prompt (->).Type ‘help’ to get a list of all the advanced commands. Use the Enter key or ‘Q’ to complete.From the -> prompt, type ‘netHelp’ to see a list of the network help commands(Use Enter key or ‘Q’ to quit/stop).From the -> prompt, type ‘nmuHelp’ to see a list of the nmu (Network Management Unit)commands (Use Enter key or ‘Q’ to quit/stop).From the -> prompt, type ‘staticShow’ to check to see if there is a current Default Gateway alreadyset (if set, you may want to write down the settings for future re-use).Type ‘staticAdd’ to get to the Default Gateway setup command. Note the example.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 4-26 SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTINGYou can always type ‘help’ to get the appropriate help for the area you are accessing.Follow the guidelines to set the Default Gateway command string:For example: staticAdd “0.0.0.0”, “100.0.0.111”, “255.255.255.0”Check to confirm that the Default Gateway has been set properly by typing ‘staticShow’ againWhen done with the TELNET session, type ‘o’ or ‘logout’ until back to the Name-Password entrypage you started from.To print a complete list of available functions, type ‘help’ from a main menu screen and then printthe page to your default printer connected to your PC.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 4: TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE 4-27Your Notes on the Tsunami Radio
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-15. AppendicesAppendix A - Digital Interface Specifications1. General Characteristics (Regulatory)1000baseF (IEEE 802.3u) Fully compliant to Ethernet V.2Model Model 27200-G1XXTsunami 5.3/5.8 GHz 1000BaseF EthernetBridgeManufacturer Western Multiplex Corp.Frequency Band 5.3 and 5.8 GHz bandsIdentifier HZB-U5358-1000Emission Designator UNIITransmitter Power Output 5.3 band: +10 dBm (~15 mW)5.8 band: +17 dBm (50 mW)Tolerance (%) 0.001Baseband Type Signal DigitalMaximum Channel Capacity Both channelsDigital Modulation Rate 50.791 MbpsDigital Modulation 16 QAM or 32 QAMAutomatic Power Control NoReceive Threshold at BER = 1 x 10-6 -77 dBmRF Bandwidth 100 MHz each band, both polarizationsTable A-1: Regulatory Information2. SpecificationsTransmission Medium UTPSignaling Technique ManchesterTopology StarLAN Table 1,024 addresses (automatic learning and aging)Filtering 15,000 ppsData Rate Up to throughput of particular radio modelDelay 2-5 framesBuffer 400 packetsDuplex FullTable A-2: Interconnection Specification
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-2 SECTION 5: APPENDICESAppendix B – Networking Q&AsQ: What is Ethernet?A: Ethernet is a type of network cabling and signaling specifications (OSI Model layers 1[physical] and 2 [data link]) originally developed by Xerox in the late 1970. The IEEE's(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) used Ethernet Version 2 as the basis for the802.3 CSMA/CD network standard.Q: What is an 802.3 network?A: That's IEEE-ish for Ethernet.Q: What is CSMA/CD?A: CSMA/CD is the media access control mechanism used by Ethernet and 802.3 networks;in other words, it determines how a packet of data is placed on the wire. CSMA/CDstands for "Carrier Sense Multiple Access, with Collision Detection". Before an Ethernetdevice puts a packet "on the wire", it listens to find if another device is alreadytransmitting. Once the device finds the wire is clear, it starts sending the packet while alsolistening to hear if another device started sending at the same time (which is called acollision). Refer to the Q&A on collisions for more info about this phenomena.Q: What is an OSI Model?A: The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) reference model is the ISO (InternationalStandards Organization) structure for the "ideal" network architecture. This Model outlinesseven areas, or layers, for the network. These layers are (from highest to lowest): LAYER7) Applications: Where the user applications software lies. Such issues as file accessand transfer (FTP), virtual terminal emulation, Internet connections (HTTP), inter-process communication and the like are handled here.6) Presentation: Differences in data representation are dealt with at this level. Forexample, UNIX-style line endings (CR only) might be converted to MS-DOS style(CRLF), or EBCIDIC to ASCII character sets.5) Session: Communications between applications across a net- work is controlled atthe session layer. Testing for out-of-sequence packets and handling two-waycommunication are handled here.4) Transport: Makes sure the lower three layers are doing their job correctly, andprovides a transparent, logical data stream between the end user and the networkservice s/he is using. This is the lower layer that provides local user services.3) Network: This layer makes certain that a packet sent from one device to anotheractually gets there in a reasonable period of time. Routing and flow control areperformed here. This is the lowest layer of the OSI model that can remain ignorant ofthe physical network.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-32) Data Link: This layer deals with getting data packets on and off the physical layer,error detection and correction and retransmission. This layer is generally broken intotwo sub-layers: The LLC (Logical Link Control) on the upper half, which does the errorchecking, and the MAC (Medium Access Control) on the lower half, which deals withgetting the data on and off the physical layer (wire, fiber and Tsunami WirelessBridges).1) Physical: The nuts and bolts layer. Here is where the cable, fiber, radio, connectorand signaling specifications are defined.Q: What does an Ethernet packet look like? A. See the information below, as described in the National Databook. The Ethernet packetpreamble is normally generated by the chipset. Software is responsible for the destinationaddress, source address, type, and data. The chips normally will append the frame checksequence. +------------+| | Preamble –| 62 bits | A series of alternating 1's and 0's used by the| | Ethernet receiver to acquire bit synchronization.| |+------------+| | Start Of Frame Delimiter –| 2 bits | Two consecutive 1 bits used to acquire byte| | alignment.+------------++------------+| | Destination Ethernet Address –| 6 bytes | Address of the intended receiver.| | The broadcast address is all 1's.+------------+| | Source Ethernet Address –| 6 bytes | The unique Ethernet address of the sending| | station.+------------+| | Length or Type field –| 2 bytes | For IEEE 802.3 this is the number of bytes of| | data.+------------+| 46 bytes | Data –| to | Short packets must be padded to 46 bytes.| 1500 bytes |+------------++------------+| | Frame Check Sequence(CRC) -| 4 bytes | The FCS is a 32 bit CRC calculated using| | the AUTODIN II polynomial.+------------+ The shortest packet is: 6 + 6 + 2 + 46 = 60 bytes The longest packet is: 6 + 6 + 2 + 1500= 1514 bytesQ: What is a MAC address?A: It is the unique hexadecimal (numbering base 16) serial number assigned to eachEthernet network device to identify it on the network.. With Ethernet devices (as with most
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-4 SECTION 5: APPENDICESother network types), this address is permanently set at the time of manufacturer, thoughit can usually be changed through software (though this is generally a Very Bad Thing todo).Q: Why must the MAC address to be unique?A: Each communicating end device (not bridges) has a unique MAC address, so that it willbe able to exclusively grab packets off the network meant for it. If MAC addresses are notunique, there is no way to distinguish between two devices. Devices on the network watchnetwork traffic and look for their own MAC address in each packet to determine whetherthey should decode it or not. Special circumstances exist for broadcasting to everydevice.Q: Is there a special numbering scheme for MAC addresses?A: The MAC addresses are exactly 6 bytes in length, and are usually written in hexadecimalas 12:34:56:78:90:AB (the colons may be omitted, but generally make the address morereadable). Each manufacturer of Ethernet devices applies for a certain range of MACaddresses they can use. The first three bytes of the address determine the manufacturer.RFC-1700 (available via FTP) lists some of the manufacturer-assigned MAC addresses.A more up-to-date listing of vendor MAC address assignments is available onftp.lcs.mit.edu in pub/map/Ethernet-codes.Q: What does CRC mean?A: Cyclical Redundancy Check - A method of detecting errors in a message by performing amathematical calculation on the bits in the message and then sending the results of thecalculation along with the message. The receiving work-station performs the samecalculation on the message data as it receives it and then checks the results againstthose transmitted at the end of the message. If the results don't match, the receiving endasks the sending end to send again.Q: What do 10Base5, 10BaseT, 10Base2, etc mean?A: These are the IEEE names for the different physical types of Ethernet. The "10" standsfor maximum signaling speed: 10MHz. "Base" means Baseband. 10BaseT, where the Tmeans twisted pair, and 10BaseF where the F means fiber (see the following Q&A forspecifics). This actually comes from the IEEE committee number for that media.In actual practice: 10Base2 Is a maximum of 10MHz Ethernet running over thin, 50 Ohm baseband coaxialcable. 10Base2 is also commonly referred to as thin-Ethernet or Cheapernet. 10Base5 is10MHz Ethernet running over standard (thick) 50 Ohm baseband coaxial cabling.10BaseF is Ethernet running over fiber-optic cabling. 10BaseT is Ethernet running overunshielded, twisted-pair cabling.Q: What is UTP?A: Twisted pair cables. UTP is for Unshielded, Twisted Pair, while STP is for Shielded,
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-5Twisted Pair. UTP is what's typically installed by phone companies (though this is oftennot of high enough quality for high- speed network use) and is what 10BaseT Ethernetruns over. UTP is graded according to its data carrying ability (e.g., Level 3, Level 4, Level5). 10BaseT Ethernet requires at least Level 3 cable. Many sites now install only Level-5UTP (CATegory 5), even though level 4 is more than sufficient for 10BaseT, because ofthe greater likelihood that emerging high-speed standards will require cable with betterbandwidth capabilities.Q: Are there any restrictions on how Ethernet is cabled?A: Yes, there are many, and they vary according to the media used. First of all, there aredistance limitations: 10BaseT generally accepted to have a maximum run of 100-150M,but is really based on signal loss in dB's (11.5db maximum loss source to destination).Then there are limitations on the number of repeaters and cable segments allowedbetween any two stations on the network.The rule is, any possible path between two network devices on an unbridged/unroutednetwork cannot pass through more than 4 repeaters or hubs, nor more than 3 populatedcable segments. 10BaseT and 10BaseF are star-wired, so there is no minimum distancerequirement between devices, since devices cannot be connected serially. You can installup to the Ethernet maximum of 1024 stations per network with both 10BaseT and10BaseF. Q: When should I choose BaseT, BaseF (or others)?A: The specific environment and application must be considered when selecting your mediatype. However, there are some general rules-of-thumb that you can consider:Avoid using copper between buildings. The electrical disturbances caused by lightning, aswell as naturally occurring differences in ground potential over distance, can very quicklyand easily cause considerable damage to equipment and people. The use of fiber-opticcabling between buildings eliminates network cabling as a safety risk. There are alsovarious wireless media available for inter-building links, such as laser, spread-spectrumRF and microwave.10BaseT is the most flexible topology for LANs, and is generally the best choice for mostnetwork installations. 10/100/1000BaseT hubs, or multi-hub concentrators, are typicallyinstalled in a central location to the user community, and inexpensive UTP cabling is runto each network device (which may be 100m, or 330ft, from the hub). The signalingtechnology is very reliable, even in somewhat noisy environments, and 1 hubs will usuallydetect many network error conditions and automatically shut-down the offending port(s)without affecting the rest of the network (unless, of course, the offending port was yourserver, shared printer, or router to the rest of the world.100/1000BaseF, and its predecessor, FOIRL, are the only recommended topologies forinter-building links. However, they need not be limited to this role. 100/1000BaseF canalso be run to the desktop, though the cost is prohibitively high in all but the mostspecialized environments (generally, extremely noisy manufacturing facilities, or verysecurity-conscious installations). More commonly, FOIRL (and now, 10BaseF) is usedinside buildings and long distance wireless connections to form backbone networks.Q: Is there an official "standard" punch down scheme for 10BaseT?
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-6 SECTION 5: APPENDICESA: Get a copy of EIA/TIA-568, it covers all of that sort of stuff: horizontal, vertical,connectors, patch cords, cross-connects, etc.Q: Is it safe to run Unshield Twisted Pair next to power cable?A: According to EIA/TIA-569, the standard wiring practices for running data cabling andcompanion to the above referenced EIA/TIA-568, you should not run data cable parallel topower cables. However, in reality, this should not be a problem with networks such as10BaseT. 10BaseT uses differential signaling to pick the data signals off the wire. Sinceany interference from nearby power lines will usually affect all pairs equally, anything thatis not canceled-out by the twists in the UTP should be ignored by the receiving networkinterface.Q: Can I connect the 10BaseT interface of two devices directly together, without using a hub?A: Yes, but not more than 2 devices, and you also need a special jumper cable between thetwo 10BaseT ports: RJ45 pin RJ45 pin ======== ========1 <--[TX+]--------[RX+]--> 32 <--[TX-]--------[RX-]--> 63 <--[RX+]--------[TX+]--> 16 <--[RX-]--------[TX-]--> 2Q: What is a "segment"?A: A piece of network wire bounded by bridges, routers, repeaters or terminators.Q: What is a "subnet"?A: Another overloaded term. It can mean, depending on the usage, a segment, a set ofmachines grouped together by a specific protocol feature (note that these machines donot have to be on the same segment, but they could be) or a big nylon thing used tocapture enemy subs.Q: What is a repeater?A: A repeater acts on a purely electrical level to connect to segments. All it does is amplifyand reshape (and, depending on the type, possibly retime) the analog waveform to extendnetwork segment distances. It does not know anything about addresses or forwarding,thus it cannot be used to reduce traffic as a bridge can in the example above.Q: What is a "hub"?A: A hub is a common wiring point for star-topology networks, and is a common synonym forconcentrator (though the latter generally has additional features or capabilities). 10BaseTand 10BaseF Ethernet and many proprietary network topologies use hubs to connectmultiple cable runs in a star-wired network topology into a single network. Hubs have
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-7multiple ports to attach the different cable runs. Some hubs (such as 10BaseT) includeelectronics to regenerate and retime the signal between each hub port. Others (such as10BaseF) simply act as signal splitters, similar to the multi-tap cable-TV splitters youmight use on your home antenna coax (of course, 10BaseF uses mirrors to split thesignals between cables).Q: What is a bridge?A: A bridge will connect to distinct segments and transmit traffic between them. This allowsyou to extend the maximum size of the network while still not breaking the maximum wirelength, attached device count, or number of repeaters for a network segment.Q: What does a "learning bridge"?A: A learning bridge monitors MAC (OSI layer 2) addresses on both sides of its connectionand attempts to learn which addresses are on which side. It can then decide when itreceives a packet whether it should cross the bridge or stay local (some packets may notneed to cross the bridge because the source and destination addresses are both on oneside). If the bridge receives a packet that it doesn't know the addresses of, it will forward itby default. IEEE’s standard for a learning bridge is 802.1D.Q: Is there a maximum number of bridges allowed on a network?A: Per IEEE 802.1 (d), the maximum number of concatenated brides in a bridged LAN is 7.This number is rather arbitrary, however, and is based on simulations of applicationperformance with expected bridge delays.In addition, the number assumes that all bridges are LOCAL (no remote WAN connections),and that the default Hold Time of 1 second is in place (this is the time after which a bridge willdiscard a frame it is holding). This prevents extra-late frame delivery. (i.e, a frame shouldnever be delivered more than ~7 seconds after is it sent). The rule of thumb for wireless WANbridged LANs is to limit the number of hops to 4.Q: What is a router?A: Routers work much like bridges, but they pay attention to the upper network layerprotocols (OSI layer 3) rather than data link layer (OSI layer 2) protocols. A router willdecide whether to forward a packet by looking at the protocol level addresses (forinstance, TCP/IP addresses) rather than the MAC address. Because routers work at layer3 of the OSI stack, it is possible for them to transfer packets between different mediatypes (i.e., leased lines, Ethernet, token ring, X.25, Frame Relay and FDDI). Many routerscan also function as bridges.Q: So should I use a router or a bridge?A: There is no absolute answer to this. Your network layout, type and amount of hosts andtraffic, and other issues (both technical and non-technical) must be considered. Routingwould always be preferable to bridging except that routers are slower and usually moreexpensive (due to the amount of processing required to look inside the physical packet
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-8 SECTION 5: APPENDICESand determine which interface that packet needs to get sent out), and that manyapplications use non-routable protocols. Rules of thumb:Bridges are usually good choices for small networks with few, if any, slow redundant linksbetween destinations or for connecting distant LANs. Further, bridges may be your onlychoice for certain protocols, unless you have the means to encapsulate (tunnel) the un-routable protocol inside a routable protocol.Routers are usually much better choices for larger networks, particularly where you wantto have a relatively clean WAN backbone. Routers are better at protecting againstprotocol errors (such as broadcast storms) and bandwidth utilization. Since routers lookdeeper inside the data packet, they can also make forwarding decisions based on theupper-layer protocols.Occasionally, a combination of the two devices are the best way to go. Bridges can beused to segment small networks that are geographically close to each other, betweeneach other and the router to the rest of the WAN.Q: Are there problems mixing Bridging & Routing?A: Only if you plan on having bridged links in parallel with routed links. You need to be verycareful about running bridges providing links in parallel to a router. Bridges may forwardbroadcast requests which will confuse the router there are lots of protocols you may notthink of filtering (e.g. ARP, Apple ARP over 802.3 etc. etc.). Also, DECnet routers havethe same MAC address on all ports. This will probably cause the bridge to think it isseeing an Ethernet loop.Q: Who makes the fastest/easiest/most advanced bridges or routers?A: The IETF runs bench marks on a wide selection of wired/fiber bridges and routers.Network Computing runs bench marks for wireless routers (point-to-multipoint) andbridges (point-to-point).Q: What does "IPG" mean?A: The InterPacket Gap (more properly referred to as the InterFrame Gap, or IFG) is anenforced quiet time of 9.6 us between transmitted Ethernet frames.Q: What means "promiscuous mode"?A: Promiscuous mode is a condition where the network interface controller will pass allEthernet frames, regardless of destination address, up to the higher level network layers.Normally the network controller will only pass up frames that have that device'sdestination address. However, when put in promiscuous mode, all frames are passed onup the network stack regardless of destination address. Promiscuous mode is usuallyused by network monitoring tools and transparent bridges.Q: What is a collision?
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-9A: A condition where two devices detect that the network is idle and end up trying to sendpackets at exactly the same time (within 1 round-trip delay). Since only one device cantransmit at a time, both devices must back off and attempt to retransmit again.The retransmission algorithm requires each device to wait a random amount of time, sothe two are very likely to retry at different times, and thus the second one will sense thatthe network is busy and wait until the packet is finished. If the two devices retry at thesame time (or almost the same time) they will collide again, and the process repeats untileither the packet finally makes it onto the network without collisions, or 16 consecutivecollision occur and the packet is aborted.Q: What causes a collision?A: See above. Ethernet is a CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detect)system. It is possible to not sense carrier from a previous device and attempt to transmitanyway, or to have two devices attempt to transmit at the same time; in either case acollision results. Ethernet is particularly susceptible to performance loss from suchproblems when people ignore the "rules" for wiring Ethernet.Q: How many collisions are too many?A: This depends on your application and protocol. In many cases, collision rates of 50% willnot cause a large decrease in perceived throughput. If your network is slowing down andyou notice the percentage of collisions is on the high side, you may want try segmentingyour network with either a bridge or router to see if performance improves.Q: How do I reduce the number of collisions?A: Disconnect devices from the network. Seriously, you need to cut- down on the number ofdevices on the network segment to affect the collision rate. This is usually accomplishedby splitting the segment into two pieces and putting a bridge or router in between them.Q: What is a late collision?A: A late collision occurs when two devices transmit at the same time, but due to cablingerrors (most commonly, excessive network segment length or repeaters betweendevices) neither detects a collision. The reason this happens is because the time topropagate the signal from one end of the network to another is longer than the time to putthe entire packet on the network, so the two devices that cause the late collision neversee that the other's sending until after it puts the entire packet on the network. Latecollisions are detected by the transmitter after the first "slot time" of 64 byte times. Theyare only detected during transmissions of packets longer than 64 bytes. It's detection isexactly the same as for a normal collision; it just happens "too late."Typical causes of late collisions are segment cable lengths in excess of the maximumpermitted for the cable type, faulty connectors or improper cabling, excessive numbers ofrepeaters between network devices, and defective Ethernet transceivers or controllers.Another negative concerning late collisions is that they occur for small packets also, butcannot be detected by the transmitter. A network suffering a measurable rate of latecollisions (on large packets) is also suffering lost small packets. The higher protocols donot cope well with such losses. Well, they cope, but at much reduced speed. A 1% packet
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-10 SECTION 5: APPENDICESloss is enough to reduce the speed of NFS by 90% with the default retransmission timers.That's a 10 times increase of the problem!Finally, Ethernet controllers do not retransmit packets lost to late collisions.Q: What is a jam?A: When a workstation receives a collision, and it is transmitting, it puts out a jam so all otherstations will see the collision also. When a repeater detects a collision on one port, it putsout a jam on all other ports, causing a collision to occur on those lines that aretransmitting, and causing any non-transmitting stations to wait to transmit.Q: What is a broadcast storm?A: An overloaded term that describes an overloaded protocol. Basically it describes acondition where devices on the network are generating traffic that by its nature causes thegeneration of even more traffic. The inevitable result is a huge degradation ofperformance or complete loss of the network as the devices continue to generate moreand more traffic. This can be related to the physical transmission or to very high levelprotocols.Q: How do I recognize a broadcast storm?A: That depends on what level it is occurring. Basically you have to be aware of the potentialfor it beforehand and be looking for it, because in a true broadcast storm you will probablybe unable to access the network. This can change dramatically for a higher level protocol.NFS contention can result in a dramatic DROP in Ethernet traffic, yet no one will haveaccess to resources.Q: How can I prevent a broadcast storm?A: Avoid protocols that are prone to it. Route (with routers) or Bridge (with wired/wirelessbridges) when it is practical.Q: What is *high* traffic on an Ethernet? 5%? 20%? 90%?A: High traffic is when things start slowing down to the point they are no longer acceptable.There is not set percentage point, in other words. Usually start paying attention when itgets over 40-50%.Q: Why do I see different throughput speeds?A: Bridges (such as Tsunami) are ISO Layer 2 Data Link Layer (use MAC address forfiltering) devices where they provide their full stated throughput. At level 2 (bridges) or 3(routers) where hardware plays the major part, the most common tester is the SmartBits200 product from NetCom Systems. At Application Layer 7, you will see less than 40%throughput from the maximum capacity measured w/SmartBits due to the increasedprotocol/software overhead at that level. Layer 7 can be tested with software such asGanymede's Chariot or Qcheck product.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-11As an example: testing copper CAT5 cable with SmartBits will test 100% throughput (let'ssay you can send/rcv a full 10Mbps). At Layer 7 you will be transferring data at the10Mbps rate, but only 4Mbps of user data will transfer (Ethernet has a high overhead ofbytes added to each data packet each time you go up a layer). The advantage is the morecomplex overhead makes the data virtually resilient to corruption and minor errors (i.e.collisions), it’s easy to reroute and can use inexpensive plug/play devices likehubs/switches instead of multiplexers as used in the telco industry (i.e. LYNX T1 radios)Western Multiplex tests at Layer 2 where bridges are defined. At layer 7 (ApplicationLayer), you will see less than 40% or more depending on the other traffic that may be onthe LAN as this layer is more dependent on the type of data being sent (it does not matterif it's wire, fiber or any Ethernet bridge -wired or wireless). Another way to look at it: themodel 31145 12Mbps (10Mbps 10BaseT+T1/E1 wayside) bridge will test the same as apiece of CAT5 Ethernet cable.Q: How can I test an Ethernet?A: This depends on what level you want to test. The most basic test (a.k.a., "the fire test") isto connect a pair of devices to the network and see if they can communicate with eachother. If you want to test the electrical integrity of the wire (i.e., will it carry a signalproperly), a TDR or cable scanner that incorporates TDR and other functions, would bethe most comprehensive tool. If you need to test the performance or troubleshoot protocoltransmission problems, you will need special and usually very expensive software, usuallycoupled with custom hardware, to capture, optionally filter, and analyze the networkpackets. Also, see the answer to the question above.Q: What is a "TDR"?A: A Time-Domain Reflectometer is a tool used to detect cable faults. This device operatesby sending a brief signal pulse down the cable and looking for its reflection to bounceback. By analyzing the reflected pulse, it is possible to make judgments about the qualityof the cable segment. More advanced units can not only detect and identify the nature ofthe problem, but give a reasonably accurate indication of the problem's location (distancefrom the point of the test). There is also a device known as an OTDR, which is an OpticalTime-Domain Reflectometer for fiber-optic cables.Q: What is a "BERT"?A: Bit Error Rate Tester. This equipment is used to analyze the amount and types of errorsthat occur on a cable segment.Q: What (free) tools are there to monitor/decode/etc an Ethernet?A: There are many built into most DOS ,Unix and other operating systems. For example, theping command can be used to determine if a given host is alive, and will also tell you theround trip transmission time. The command “ifconfig” will tell you the status of the networkinterfaces. “netstat” will summarize statistics for network usage.DOS commands (through Windows DOS application) are:ARP
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-12 SECTION 5: APPENDICESDisplays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by addressresolution protocol (ARP). ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr] -a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current protocol data. Ifinet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical addresses for only the specifiedcomputer are displayed. If more than one network interface uses ARP, entries foreach ARP table are displayed. -g Same as -a.inet_addr Specifies an internet address.-N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified by if_addr. -d Deletes the host specified by inet_addr. -s Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr with the Physicaladdress eth_addr. The Physical address is given as 6 hexadecimal bytesseparated by hyphens. The entry is permanent.eth_addr Specifies a physical address.if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the interface whoseaddress translation table should be modified. If not present, the firstapplicable interface will be used. Example: > arp -s 157.55.85.212 00-aa-00-62-c6-09 .... Adds a static entry. > arp -a .... Displays the arp table.FTPTransfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service (sometimes calleda daemon). FTP can be used interactively.FTP [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-w:windowsize] [-A] [host]-v Suppresses display of remote server responses.-n Suppresses auto-login upon initial connection.-i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.-d Enables debugging.-g Disables filename globbing (see GLOB command).-s:filename Specifies a text file containing FTP commands; the commands willautomatically run after FTP starts.-a Use any local interface when binding data connection.-A login as anonymous.-w:buffersize Overrides the default transfer buffer size of 4096.host Specifies the host name or IP address of the remote host to connect to.Notes: - mget and mput commands take y/n/q for yes/no/quit. - Use Control-C to abort commands.NET CONFIG Displays your current workgroup settings.NET DIAG Runs the Microsoft Network Diagnostics program to displaydiagnostic information about your network.NET HELP Provides information about commands and error messages.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-13NET INIT Loads protocol and network-adapter drivers without binding themto Protocol Manager.NET LOGOFF Breaks the connection between your computer and the sharedresources to which it is connected.NET LOGON Identifies you as a member of a workgroup.NET PASSWORD Changes your logon password.NET PRINT Displays information about print queues and controls print jobs.NET START Starts services.NET STOP Stops services.NET TIME Displays the time on or synchronizes your computer's clock withthe clock on a Microsoft Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT,Windows 95, or NetWare time server.NET USE Connects to or disconnects from a shared resource or displaysinformation about connections.NET VER Displays the type and version number of the workgroup redirectoryou are using.NET VIEW Displays a list of computers that share resources or a list ofshared resources on a specific computer.For more information about a specific Microsoft NET command, type the command namefollowed by /? (for example, NET VIEW /?).PINGPING [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-khost-list]] [-w timeout] destination-list-t Ping the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue - typeControl-Break; To stop - type Control-C.-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.-n count Number of echo requests to send.-l size Send buffer size.-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.-i TTL Time To Live.-v TOS Type Of Service.-r count Record route for count hops.-s count Timestamp for count hops.-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.ROUTE
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-14 SECTION 5: APPENDICESManipulates network routing tables.ROUTE [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric]]-f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction withone of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command.command Must be one of four:PRINT Prints a routeADD Adds a routeDELETE Deletes a routeCHANGE Modifies an existing routedestination Specifies the destination host.MASK Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value.netmask Specifies a subnet mask value to be associated with this route entry. Ifnot specified, it defaults to 255.255.255.255.gateway Specifies gateway.METRIC Specifies that the next paramenter 'metric' is the cost for this destinationAll symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database fileNETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host name databasefile HOSTS.If the command is PRINT or DELETE, wildcards may be used for the destination andgateway, or the gateway argument may be omitted.Diagnostic Notes:Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST.Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1The route addition failed: 87Examples:> route PRINT> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 METRIC 3^destination ^mask ^gateway ^metric> route PRINT> route DELETE 157.0.0.0> route PRINTSNMPStarts SNMP agent-close Closes previously running instance of snmp-help Displays SNMP help dialog boxTELNET
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-15Opens telnet windowTRACERTTRACERT [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.WINIPCFGOpens IP configuration window/All - Display detailed information/Batch - [filename] Write to file or .\winipcfg.out/renew_all - Renew all adapters/release_all - Release all adapters/renew N - Renew adapter N/release N - Release adapter NQ: What books are good about Ethernet LAN's?A: The IEEE 802.3 documents are considered the definitive source for information onEthernet. However, these may not be suitable for all levels of users. Surprisingly, thereare few good books specifically dealing with Ethernet LANs, but here are a few that youmight find useful:Local Area Networks, An introduction to the technology by John E. McNamara, publishedby Digital Press, 1985 165 pps. with index and glossary, $29.00 ISBN 0-932376-79-7,Digital Press part number EY-00051-DP.Network Troubleshooting Guide by Digital Equipment Corporation, August 1990 Approx.278 pps. with index and glossary, $95.00 Digital Press part number EK-339AB-GD-002.These books and others are recommended in the network reading list, net-read.txt, fromftp.utexas.edu.Q: Where can I get IEEE802.x docs online?A: Not available online. IEEE documents can be ordered directly from the IEEE themselves.You can contact them at:Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 445 Hoes Lane P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331 U.S.A. (800) 678-IEEEQ: Where can I get EIA/TIA docs online?A: Not available online They can be ordered from:
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-16 SECTION 5: APPENDICESGlobal Engineering 800-854-7179
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-17Appendix C – Auxiliary Data ConnectorsThe following figures illustrate the pin structure for all auxiliary connections. All figures areoriented as a customer would view them, facing the connector. DC power connection informationis found in Section 3.7 of this manual.Figure D-1: VF Port ConnectionFigure D-2: Alarm Port ConnectionsFigure D-3: Config(uration) Port 9-Pin D-Style ConnectorDo NOT connect to RS-422 pins at any time.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-18 SECTION 5: APPENDICESFigure D-4: AUX DATA Port 9-Pin D-Style ConnectorDo NOT connect to RS-422 pins at any time.
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGESJANUARY 2001SECTION 5: APPENDICES PAGE 5-19Appendix D – Installation and Troubleshooting (foldout)Fold-out page inserted after this page
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALTsunami FAMILYGIGABIT ETHERNET WIRELESS BRIDGES JANUARY 2001PAGE 5-20 SECTION 5: APPENDICESYour Notes on the Tsunami Radio
IndexAAC..............................................................................................................................................................3-13Accessories................................................................................................................................................ 2-14AIS...............................................................................................................................................................2-5Alarm connections..................................................................................................................................... 3-24Alarms .......................................................................................................................................................3-21Alignment, antenna....................................................................................................................................3-16AMI .............................................................................................................................................................2-5Antenna.............................................................................................................................. 2-3, 3-3, 3-16, 3-20Antenna installation................................................................................................................................... 3-14Antenna planning.........................................................................................................................................3-7ARP ...........................................................................................................................................................5-12Auxiliary connectors.................................................................................................................................. 5-17Availability calculation................................................................................................................................3-6BB8ZS............................................................................................................................................................ 2-5Bit Error Rate ..............................................................................................................................................3-6bridge...........................................................................................................................................................5-7Buffer....................................................................................................................................................2-4, 5-1CCalculations .................................................................................................................................................3-5Caution ........................................................................................................................................................1-2collision .......................................................................................................................................................5-9Connections ................................................................................................................2-4, 2-5, 2-11, 3-18, 5-1Container .....................................................................................................................................................3-1CRC............................................................................................................................................................. 5-4DDC ......................................................................................................................................................3-7, 3-11Delay............................................................................................................................................................5-1Digital Capacity........................................................................................................................................... 2-4DSX-1..........................................................................................................................................................2-5Duplex .........................................................................................................................................................5-1EEIRP ..........................................................................................................................................................3-20Environment ................................................................................................................................................2-6Errors........................................................................................................................................................... 4-9Ethernet........................................................................................................................................................5-2Ethernet packet ............................................................................................................................................5-3FFade margin .................................................................................................................................................3-6Filtering ................................................................................................................................................2-4, 5-1Fresnel .........................................................................................................................................................3-4Front panel...................................................................................................................................................2-7FTP............................................................................................................................................................5-12
GGrounding..................................................................................................................................................3-11Hhub............................................................................................................................................................... 5-7IIcons ............................................................................................................................................................1-2IEEE ..........................................................................................................................................................5-15Indicators.....................................................................................................................................................2-9Installation ................................................................................................................1-1, 2-14, 3-3, 3-14, 3-19ISO.............................................................................................................................................................5-11ISO 9000.......................................................................................................................................................... iLLAN............................................................................................................................................................. 2-4LAYER........................................................................................................................................................5-2learning........................................................................................................................................................5-7Line-of-sight ................................................................................................................................................3-4Link budget..................................................................................................................................................3-5Loopback.....................................................................................................................................................2-5MMAC address............................................................................................................................................... 5-4Mechanical...................................................................................................................................................2-6Mounting .....................................................................................................................................................3-9NNMS ..........................................................................................................................................................4-13Note .............................................................................................................................................................1-2OOrderwire................................................................................................................2-5, 2-11, 3-19, 3-21, 3-22OSI Model ...................................................................................................................................................5-2PPath..............................................................................................................................................................3-4Path planning ...............................................................................................................................................3-7PING..........................................................................................................................................................5-13Power..........................................................................................................................2-2, 2-6, 2-14, 3-3, 3-10Power connection.......................................................................................................................................3-13Power connection, DC...............................................................................................................................3-11Power supply planning................................................................................................................................. 3-7Professional installation..........................................................................................................................iii, 1-1RRear panel..................................................................................................................................................2-13Receive signal level ...........................................................................................2-8, 3-3, 3-5, 3-14, 3-15, 3-16Receiver.......................................................................................................................................................2-3Regulatory ...................................................................................................................................... iii, 2-6, 5-1REN...........................................................................................................................................................3-22Repair ..........................................................................................................................................................4-3repeater ........................................................................................................................................................5-6RF Exposure ..............................................................................................................................................3-14
ROUTE......................................................................................................................................................5-14router ...........................................................................................................................................................5-7RS-232.................................................................................................................................... 2-12, 3-26, 3-27RSL............................................................................................................................................................3-16SShipping..............................................................................................................................................2-14, 3-1SNMP ........................................................................................................................................................5-15subnet...........................................................................................................................................................5-6System .........................................................................................................................................................2-4TTechnical support ........................................................................................................................................4-2Telephone ..................................................................................................................................................3-22Telnet.........................................................................................................................................................4-25TelNet........................................................................................................................................................4-13TELNET...........................................................................................................................................2-12, 5-15Test.............................................................................................................................................................. 2-5Tips..............................................................................................................................................................1-2Tools............................................................................................................................................................3-8traffic .........................................................................................................................................................5-10Transmitter...................................................................................................................................................2-2Troubleshooting........................................................................................................................................... 4-1Turn-up......................................................................................................................................................3-19UUpdate .......................................................................................................................................................4-24UTP .............................................................................................................................................................5-5WWarranty......................................................................................................................................................... vWINIPCFG................................................................................................................................................ 5-15
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