RELM Communications SRE35AB User Manual 8
RELM Communications Inc 8
8
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| Document Description | 8 |
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| Date Submitted | 1998-12-10 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 1998-10-07 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2001-07-12 07:00:40 |
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| Document Lastmod | 2001-07-12 07:00:41 |
| Document Title | 8 |
8 SERIES USER MANUAL
RELM Communications, Inc.
8 SERIES RF TRANSCEIVER
USER MANUAL
RELM Communications, Inc
7505 Technology Drive
W Melbourne, Florida 32904
Voice: 4-07- 984-1414
Fax: 407-984-0434
Manual Revision 1.0 January 1998
Applicable reference:
QRELM Conununicaflm lnc. Revision 1 0 29
S SERIES USER MANUAL
Micro-controller Board Rev C
S Series Utility Snfiware ver 1,0
To continually irnprvve our prodms, RELM Communimtinns, Inc reserves the right to alter, without
notice and at any time, the equipment and specifications dumbed in this document
All quoted performance figures are typical and are subject to normal manufacturing and service
tolerances
The purchaser is warned that statements made in this document may be inaccurate due to typographical or
othererrursmrsubseqimntodificationscflhepmdua. Althougheverycarewastak-inthecreationof
thisdmirnem, nowammtyofaecrnacycrreliabilityisgiveninanyadviceorinfonnatinucoutainedin
this doamiem. The responsibility for any loss or damage whatsoever arising in any way or any
representation act, or omission whether express or implied (including responsibility to any person by
reason of negligence) is not accepted by RELM Communications, Inc. or any officer, agent, or employee
of RELM Commmiications, Inc.
Copyright © RELM Communications, Inc.
30 GRELM Communications Inc Revision 1.0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Contents
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION . .
Exciter Module Description
Rwaver Module Description
Power Amplificr Module Dasaipuon
KEY FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES...
INDICATORS AND CoNNEcmRs ..,
Standard Version From Panel
Rear Panel Connectors
REAR VIEW S SEREEs
SIDE erw S SERIES.
INSTALLATION
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIO
INTERNAL CONNECTIONS
ExcrrER MODULE TECHNICAL Escmmo
RECEIVER MODULE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
PA MODULE TECHNICAL DESCRIYI‘ION .......
MCRo-CONTRouER CONFIGURATION. , ..
Mpfion of Wmmnofler Jumper ancnnns
TESTBIG
CONNECTING A COMPUTER To THE S SERIES RADIO,
TEST SETUP ,,,,,
TEST PROCEDURE.
S SERIES BASE STATION UTILITY
Channel Programming
QUICK FREQUENCY PROGRAMbflNG
FULL CALIBRATION .....
DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM FUNCTIONS
Synthmizor Control .
Modulation Control ,
Tnmmrir RF Power Ompm
CTCSS Control.
Channel Selection.
TROUBLESHOOTING..."
GLOSSARY
APPENDIX A SPECIFICATION
GRELM Commlons Inc. Revision 1 0 33
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
MINIMUM PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
TRANSMITTER MODULE SPECIFICATIONS
RECEIVER MODULE SPECIFICATIONS
ANCILLARJFS ..
APPENDIX B INTERFACE CONNECT lONS..
S SERIES REAR CHASSIS CONNECTOR DESCRIPTIO
Universal DBlS Analog 1/0.
0325 mm we connect!" 55
PC SERIAL Pom- mRADIo CABIE . ... 56
APPENDIX C DIP SWITCH SETTINGS...
DIP SWITCH I CHANNEL SELECTION ,
DIP SWITCH 2 USER FUNCTION SELECT 63
APPENDIX D MODEL NUMBER CONFIGURATION GUIDE ..........I.
34 MELM Commmns lm Rowan-1.0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Introduction
The S Series of radio systems uses state—of—the-art design and construction methods to deliver a range of
high-perfonnance, ultra-reliable radio devices. These radio systems are ideally suited for use in VHF or
UHF two-way voice radio systems; however, the S Series can perform any number of applications where
theaddedadvantage oflinsartrequencyandphaseresponsefromDCto 5KHzcanbensed. The S Series,
unlike conventional PLL radio systems, uses a two-point modulation method synthesizer for extended low-
end VF transmit frequency response.
The flexibility of the S Series allows it to be configured for a wide range of applications:
a Standard or widcband voice, full duplex radio
0 Cellular or trunking systems
. POCSAG paging transmitter
- Direct FSK modulation
o Two- or four-level FSK transmissions
- Other paging formats
. Cross hand link or repeater
General Description
The S Serim of radio systems features a high degree of RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) and M
(Hectic-Magnetic Interference) screening throughout its design and construction. The receiver and
exciter (low-power transmitter) modules are contained in a solid machined aluminum enclosure, and for
additional screening, each interface pin is individually filtered The PA (Power Amplifier) module is
contained in a special compact extrusion for minimum harmonic radiation. In addition, the RF (Radio
Frequency) modules and the micro-controller are also contained in the main screened 2RU (Rack Unit)
case for low conducted and radiated emissions and minimal susceptibility to RFI and EMI.
The S Series consists of four main sub assemblies: an exciter module, 3 meiver module, 8 power
amplifier module, and a micro-controller board. For further information on those sub assemblies, refier to
the Technical Description section later in this manual.
Exciter Module Description
The excite: module features a modulation bandwidth to DC (Direct Current) widi an ultra-wide RF
bandwidth 20MHszOOOMI-lz at an output power of 300mW. To change from one band to another, all you
nwd to do is change the plug in the VCO board; no other manual adjustment or change is required. Ifa
high stability reference is required, the RF modules can be fined with connectors for an external reference
oscillator input. On—board memory stores calibration, personality information, and program data.
Alternatively, the exciter module can be set up as a conventional PLL (Phase Locked Loop) if simplicity
and minimum cost are required. The fractional N synthesiur provides ultra low spurious while still
maintaining fast lock times, even at 6.25KHz step size or leg. An optimal built tum-around mixer
(TRM) provides advanwd diagnostics such as receiver sensitivity tests
GRELM Communimmns Inc. Revisim 1 0 35
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Receiver Module Description
The receiver module features the same advonoed synthesizer and wide bandwidth as the exciton Only the
front end bandpass filter and VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) need to be changd to support difl‘erent
frequency bands, resulting in significant flexibility and end-user cost savings. The custmn-lruilt front end
bandpassfilterhasawide uo—adjustbandwidfllequal totheband allocation The reeeiverhasextremely
high sensitivity while maintaining excellent intermodulation immunity and adjacent channel rejection. A
double first IF (Intermediate Frequency) provides excellent rejection to commonly known spurious
responses High bloclo'ng of over 120dB typical ensures that strong interfering signals do not desensitize
the receiver when receiving weak signals,
Power Amplifier Module Description
The PA is very compact and efficient for high reliability and low cost. The heatsink has minimal
temperature rise evenunrlet continuum operation, This also ensures the best MTBF (Mean Time Between
Failure) obtainable for a practical design. A low«loss 13-e1ement elliptieal low-pass filter ensures that any
hammics remain below —100dBc,
Key Features and Advantages
o Exceptional system performance
Modular internal oonstruct'im
Software or hardware configurable
50 Watt continuous transmitter (30 Watt above 800 MHZ)
Programming via 115232
256 channel capacity
Optional CFCSS (Continuous Tone Coded Squeleh Symon!)
Paging testability
VF filters and processing can be bypasxd
Fast mute
ZOmS Rx (Receiver) and TX (T mnmnitter), 4mS selectable
Front panel display
- Digital squelch compatible
. Wide band Rx and TX
- Isolated P’I’T (Push To Talk) input
Digitally controlled and correcwd TX deviation
ngrantmable TX power
Direct F SK (Frequency Shifi Keying) or paging compatible
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and Temp protection
Compact ZRU ease
13.8 Volt operation
Available in continuous coverage from 66 to SSMHZ, 135 to SZOMHZ, and 805 to 960MHZ
0 Surface mount techMIogy und throughout
- Rear analog and digital interfaces
no...
one... cocoon
Other options and variations are available. Please consult RELM Communications for further details.
35 ORELM communications In. Revision 1.0
3 SERIES USER MANUAL
Indicators and Connectors
The S Series can be supplied with custom front panels. The standard version is shown below.
The following tables explain the functions of the front panel LED's. Each LED indicates the status of the
S Series Base Station in real time.
Standard Version Front Panel
FUNCTION
. POWER The power supply voltage is within sofiware selectable limits. =
RX Asignalisbeingreceivedbythereceivermthemeiversquelchisopen. g
TX The transmitter is transmitting RF power.
CFCSS A valid Continuous Tone Coded Squelcll Signal has been detected.
The aux function is selected, or the PLL is unlocked.
'on exists such as under/over voltagelgrpver temperature.
LEDS: POWER
TX
CTCSS
AUX
ALARM
WELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0
37
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Rear Panel Connectors
DESCRIPTION
13.8 Volt DC power input. Also +28 Volt inpur on spare pin.
SIMPLEX RELAY OUT OR Location for internal simplex relay, The antenna for RXfI'X
N-TYPERXINPUT wnnectslothis point, Oran N-type conuectorcanbeused for the
input on the reedver fin full duplex operation.
NC RX INPUT Siandard BNC connector for the inplll to the recdver for full
duplex operation,
TYPE TX OUTPUT The RF power output from the transmitter for full duplex
operation.
PARE R111 Provision for internal expansion,
BZS-F PARALLEL 1/0 Provides two 8-bit input parts, where one is used as the parallel
BCD channel select, Also one were S—bit input port.
BIS UNIVERSAL Provides the necessary analog receiver and transmitter interface
ANALOG 1/0 for system expansinn.
RS-232 SERIAL PORT 9600 baud serial port for frequency programming, channel
selection, and alarm and status monimringl
SPARE D312. J’Nvision fmmemalewm h
Rear View 8 Series
DC POWER INPUT
SIMPLEX RELAY OUT
OR N TYPE RX INPUT OR BNC RXINPUT
N»TYPE TX OUTPUT THERMALLY CONTROLLED
SPARE
RJ11 TRANSMITTER HEATSINK
HOLE
SPARE 4 OFF SCREWS FOR
DBzS-F DB15 EASY PA MODULE
PARALLEL I/O HOLE REMOVAL
0515 UNIVERS L RS-232
ANALOG IIO SERIAL PORT
38 OflELM Communiemons Inc. Revision LO
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Side View 3 Series
MOUNTING HOLES FOR SLIDE-OUT RAILS
THE HEAT SINK AIRFLOW EXITS SIDEWAYS SO ANY NUMBER OF 5 SERIES
CAN BE STACKED IN A RACK ONE ABOVE THE OTHER.
Installation
WARNING: Observe all safety precautions when working with electrical and
electronic equipment. Contact Spectra Engineering if you are in any
doubt about the suitability of your test environment.
S Series radio systems are securely packed for transport in polystyrene foam peanuts inside a pasteboard
container. Before unpadring the S Series radio, please inspect the packaging for signs of damage, and
report anydanmgetoyeur S Series distributor.
As you unpack the S Series radio, make sure you received all items shipped. Report any missing items to
your S Series distributor. All ports on the rear of the radio should be carefully examined to ensure that
packaging has not become wedmd inside them. It is m iggmm to examine the fan because operation
ofthe radio will be afiected ifany packaging causes the fanto stop worldng.
If you intend to install the radio in an equipment rack, consult the installation manual for your system,
Spectra Engineering recommends that the radio be secured into the rack system using four screws through
the mounting holes in the from panel, near the handles.
If the radio is to he used in a stand-alone configuration, be sure the radio is in a
secure, dry location with suflicient air space to allow for adequate ventilation.
GRELM Communications Inc Rem 1 D 39
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Technical Description
Internal Connections
mimmmuhhc SSeriesisnfamodularnatnle, ullowingforsimplcoonfiguafionand
maintenance while ensuring minimal dnwminm Fat reference purposes, an image of a typical S Sex-is
system is shown below
WELDED SEALED CHASSIS CONSTRUCTION
PA MODULE MICRO-CONTROLLER
EXCITER MODULE RECE|VER MODULE
ORELM Communicfllons Inc. Revisiun L0
8 SERIES USER MANUAL
Exciter Module Technical Description
RF from the VCO, at a nominal level of+3dBrn, is applied to the fractional-N synthesizer [C (integrated
Ciro-mt) main divider input. A second, separate RF output ofthe same level from the VCO is used as the
main transmit RF amplifier signal source. The main signal is first bufi‘ered by a very high isolation circuit
consisting of a lOdB pad and a MMIC (microwave Monolithic integrated Circuit) amplifier. The signal is
further amplified by a variable-gain wide-band amplifier with a 40dB control range and a power output of
300mW. Thedrivepowerofthisstageisusedtosettheoutpmpowerofthemainpoweramplifier, The
output of the charge pump of the synthesizer is filtered then amplified by the noninverting low—noise op
amp. The op amp uses a 25—volt power supply to provide a wide timing range voltage to the frequency
control varicaps located on the VCO board.
The VCO boards and synthesizer circuits are the same for the exeiter and receiver modules. The VCO
consists of a 10mm ceramic coaxial resonator with a common base oscillator for low-phase noise for
bands 805—960 MHz. Frequencies below 520 MHz use an Lc tank circuit. The power nipply to the vco
consists of a its own 8-volt regulator and active filter for maximum noise rejection For standard
modrflation. transmit audio is M to the conventional point of the VCO vnractor, For two-point
modulation, audio is also fed to the voltage control pin of the VC-TXCO (Voltage-Controlled
Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator). This in effect cancels out the PLL error that would
otherwise have occurred for low audio fiequenm‘es, resulting in a flat VF (Voice Frequency) response.
Receiver Module Technical Description
Thereceive signal fromtheantenna enters athree-sectionbandpassfiher (BPF) thatprovidatheinitial
filtering for the from end amplifier. The front end amplifier is a broad-hand high-performance MMIC
with a gain oflOdB, NF (Noise Filter) of4dB, and 3rd 01? (Third Order Intercept Point) af+36dB. This
is then fiillowed by the wound three-sedan BPF, then a high-level double—balanced mixer. RF from the
VCO is hufl'ered and amplified to +l7dBm and injected in the high-level mixer, which down converts the
signaltotheIFfiequmcyofWMHz,ThelFsignalof90MI-Izfiomthemixeristenninatedbyabi-
directional constant-impedance diplexer network and is then amplified by a bipolar amplifier with a gain
of 15113 and 3rd on’ of +35dB. This provides a high degree ofinlernrodulation rejection for the rweiver,
This stage is followed by a four-pole 90 MHz crystal filter with its associated matching networks. The
signal is further amplified and filtered by a transistor and its associated two-pole crystal filter before being
fed into the main H" demodulator chip with a second IF frequency of455 KHz. The resulting audio is
passed out to the micro-controller board.
PA Module Technical Description
RF from the exciter is first attenuated by a 504m pad that provides a good 50-ohm source impedance for
the high-power hybrid amplifier, The RF is amplified to 5—13 watts at its 50-ohm output. The signal from
the hybrid is then matched by a broad-band network to drive the low-input impedance associated with the
final transmit power amplifier trans'stor. The low collector impedance of the transistor is then also
matched back to 50 ohms with a broad-band matching network, Several trimmer capacitors allow you to
adjust the power amplifier over a wide bandwidth to maintain good conversion efficiency.
The dual-directional coupler consists of coupled microchip transmission lines fabricated on the PCB
(printed Circuit Board) artwork. The sampled RF energy is rectified to provide a proportional DC voltage
output. Prior to transmission, 3 low-loss l3-element elliptical low-pas filter films out the unwanted
harmonics to less titan —100dBc.
QRELM Commtn'miols Inc, Revislon 1.0 41
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Micro-Controller Configuration
The View below is an image of the micro-contmller layout and the position of the jumpers and D1?
switches (highlighted) that are used for setting the general configuration of the audio filters, P’I'I‘
flumtions, and other various facilities.
_ “Elij- [j ; [31:12 P:
"E'CJQEQDEL- m ‘im -::| mom I:
m 4 “ 5256 Ail-own“ III
E' “" El D s I: "mm lI'I
lit: a I: um I: ,——,—|_.
r _
E " g“ 2“
mm“ Em
NOTE: Not all components shown are fitted.
42 ORELM Commmms Inc. Rsvisnon 1.0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Description of Micro-Controller Jumper Functions
JMP # FUNCTION IDESCRIP'I'ION
; M 1 Selects either default RUN at EMULATE mode for the nucmvprooessm
M 2 Enables the WATCHDOG mun reset function in the micro—processor
JMP 3 Enables or disables the PRE-MHASIS for the TX audio
' JMI’ 4 Enables or disables the COMPRESSOR for the TX audio
JND’ 5 Enables or disables the IflGH PASS FILTER for the Rx audio
1 M 6 Enables or disables the LOW PASS FlL'l'lfll for the Rx audio
IMP 7 Enables or disables the DE-EMPHASIS proming fm’ the Rx audit:
5m” Selectsaoommneanhorfloafingminput(SeeAppendixB)
; M 9 Selects the FIT mode (See Appendix B)
; IMP 10 Conwlsmedirectinn ofthe RS-ZSZ TX audllxdaxa (Seethe next section andAppcndixB)
‘JMPll ConnolsdledirectionoftheRS-ZSZWandedataSeetllenmnainnandAppendixB)
M 12 Enables a direct connection to the TX modulation, not normally used (See Appendix B)
_ JMP 13 Enables or disables the HIGH PASS PETER for the TX audio :
m Li e A Enables , ' museum the TX mfiflafimviafihe has? mmm aseqetpreadizt a) s:
WELM Communications Inc Revision 1 D 43
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Testing
The following emiipment is required to test S Series radios:
- A radio communications test set with 600 Q interfzms
. A digital multimeter
- An oscilloscope
o 13,8V power Simply
o APCwithatleastSMbofRAM aserialport1 andtheS SeriesBase StationUtilitysufiwareinstalled.
- A suitable cable to omuiect the serial port ofthe PC or the S Series radio RS-232 port (see Appendix
B).
o A suitable power lead as supplied with the radio
0 Suitable low-loss RF cables and connectors,
CAUTION: Attempting to operate the transmitter without an appropriate load
connected to the RF output could cause physical damage to the unit
and void the warranty. Contact Spectra Engineering it' you are in
any doubt about the suitability of your test environment.
Connecting a Computer to the S Series Radio
The standard cable used to conned the computer to the S Series is a serial lap-link-type cable. This cable
usuallyconsistsofaleadwithaDB9andDBleemalecmtneCtorateachend. ‘I‘heRxand’IXdata
signals are cross connected in lap—liuk-type cables. Two jumper links are on the micro-controller circuit
board inside the S Series designated IMPIO and M1 1. Their default position is pin 2&3 or "SWAP."
mindicatesthataleadthatmpstandTXdataisinuse.
Other special serial leads can also be used. To allow for more combinations, you can set M10 and
IMP]! to position 1&2 or "NORM," which has the eflbfl ofswapping Mr pins 2 and 3 on the D139 rear
connector,
Test Setup
MakealloonneetionsattherearoftheSSerilsradio.
OonuectthetlanmlitterRFoutputlocatedontheheatsinkmoduletothedimunyloamtestinputofthe
Radio Communications Test Set using a short length of low-loss RG 213 or equivalent coaxial cable.
Connect the rweiver RF input to the signal generator output of the Radio Communications Test Set us‘ng
moderate- to low-loss coaxial cable.
Connect all VF interfaces and control lines to the appropriate points
Connect the S Series Radio to a suitable 13 8 volt DC power supply while observing the correct polarity,
Test Procedure
Refer to Calibration Procedure in this manual,
44 GRELM communications Inc Revision 1.0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
8 Series Base Station Utility
lnitial Setup and Description
Main Dlsplay Tool Bar Description
The CHANEL IM‘O button is used to View and set up the frequency information in the S Series
The ANALYZE button reads the internal status of the S Series and displays as such
The UPDATE button is used only when SETUP—DYNAMIC is selected. Pressing UPDATE sends the
dynamic settings to the S Series for quick initial testing. The values are not saved in the S Series. The
UPDATE button is also used to set up the default values used in the channel programming,
The othexlruttous duplicate SAVE, OPEN FILE, SEND DATA TD RADIO, and LOAD DATA FROM RADIO as
seen on the Channel Info screen, respectively.
Initial Settings
TomdmsenddatatnthesSeriesynumustfirstcreateoropenafile.
Initial Static Settings
Go to Setup Static, and set the appropriate values and conditions for the S Series. Press SEND to send and
store the values inside the S Series.
Nnte: Merence, IF frequencies, and injection are not stored in the S Series, so this must reflect the actual
physical conditions of the S Series
The standard refetenec oscillator is 14.4Ml-Iz. The standard IF is 90MHz with high-side injection bands A
tnIandlnwsideJtoX ThePLLeorrectionfactorvalue is usuallyaround 120i The fian—ontemperanne is
normally set to 40°C with the over-temperature cutout at 70°C,
Channel Programming and Description
A! the Channel Info screen, click on the channel you want to set up, You can view all the settings and
calibration data; however, you will need to enter the password by clicking the ADVANCED button to
pmmd. This level of protection is provided to advise that changes could allow the transmitter to
potentially cause interference to vital radio communications services. See also the Quick Frequency
ngxamming and Full Calibration sections of this manual
QRELM Commuufihons Inc. Rev'siun 1 0 45
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
QUICK FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING
lfa calibrate has already been perfemred, go to the Channel Information screen. Click the channel
number you want to change or create, Go into advanwd mode with the correct password. Enter the
frequencies of the channel. Inject all audio signal with sulficient level (~OdBm) to ensure cmnpressor
operation, and check that the deviation is 3KHZ for 2510-11 channel spacing or 1.5Kl-lz for 12.5KHz
spacing, Adjust the VCO deviation for the correct level. Most of the other settings will not change. Ifin
dnubt, see the Full Calibration section of this manual.
FULL CALIBRATION
“MODULATION
TXmodulationistherecommendedfidlufibrafionprocedluewithDC—minstalled.Yuucanmnyom
drealignmentintheSemprnamicmodeforaquickerresult.Calihrationispe:feunedontlrecenterRF
flequency.
1. Set the reference level to 0 and the reference bias to 127.
2. On the S Series micro—continllerboard, set pre-ernphasis, TX HPF, and the TX VF compressnrtn
OFF.TurntheTXoompresslevelRVZfidlyclnckwisetomaximumtoallowthehardlimitertu
operate.
3. InjectallQ-lzamiios'gnalintothe'IXVFinpmatalevelof+10dBmCheckwithanosdllcscope
thattheaudio-palisclippedatthe'lxlimiterlestpoim.
4. SadnvmlwdmuhkveaA.8thdemfim(cfimedmvefmn)fm2fl(HzchmudspanngaM
2.3Kl-lzt‘kviationfnr12.5Kszunnelspacing.IfCTCSSisumd,smnmnfi|nherdtemnunalCTCSS
Sr Reducethelevelfromtheaudjooscillatortoobtainasirtewavemodulation,andtl|enva.rytl|e
modulationfrequencymund5&5001-11andadjustthehinaccelfactvrforanappmmmatelyflat
muse-
Nnte: Denotemertnolowavaluemflrelocktimeandstabilitywillbeafiected.
5. Retnrutheandinlevelm+10dBm.
7. Satiremndflxnm‘ frenneynmmI-Izflmvethedemednhteddrpped' strewave' withdruopmg' positive"
andregttve’ devrattm“ pakshuasetliefieflevermretnttedegteeddmpng' Adjnsothaaflattqnis
Mmflemmmmmfiymmflemmfieqmmamim
mummsflmmwfimmwmmmnmm4memm
magmas.
Nate: The modulation flatness will rise arvnnd ZKI-Iz if the S Series is fitted with Butterworth- or
Chebycltev-type filters for the main limiter post LPF as used in the EIA—603 Build because of
the gout) delay distortion of the filters. For a flatter response, ensure the standard Bessel filter
is fitted
8, Set the transmitter carrier center frequency by adjusting the RefBias level ifnecessary. Repeat step 6
because there is some interaction from the reference oscillatnr due to nonlinean‘ty. Repeat as
nmessflry.
9. Save as defaults.
10. Return the jumpers as before in step 2. Adjust the TX compress level RVZ for the standard system
deviation level—usually 3KHz for 25Kl-lz channel spacing and 1.5KHz for 12.5KHz spacing.
11. Set the VF level to the standard input level (elOdBm), and adjust the compress TX VF gain to just
compress
12 Go to the Channel Info screen and click an the channel number to be allomted to the calibration
results. Click on Get Defaults, then OK.
46 ERELM Cornmunlcaions Im. Revision 1.0
3 SERIES USER MANUAL
13. Go to the next channel and load defaults. Key in the appropriate RF frequencies, and set the VCO
level for the same deviation as in step 9. Repeat this step for all the channels required.
Note: Asmallerrorwill resultinthecalihmtion ofthereflevelas‘instepsifthe nextchannel
frequency varies greatly from the original cal frequency. Recalibrate the ref level if necessary.
Caution: Due the high degree of adjustment available in the S Series, check the PLL stability by
monitoring the PLL tune voltage with a CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) at the onset of P’l‘l‘
for minimal ringing.
Description of Program Functions
Synthesizer Control
The S Series Base Station has the facility for precise sofiwarc control of the PLL characteristics. This
provides the use: with additional flexibility and capability for specialized or precise settings. The
following program fimetions allow for control of the fractional-N synthesizer and are descnhed as such:
PLL Correction Factor: Controls the relative amount of charge amen! into the PLL charge-pump
circuit. ThevalueforthePLL oorrectionlaetor isloadod intothe meiverand excitasynthesizerduring
normal operation. It is primarily used to control the dynamic PLL settling characteristics, A value of 0
willpmvideamimnmmcunenlandheneeaslowandundn-dampedloopmponse. Avalueof255will
pmvidethemalnmmncurmnandheneeafastandover-darnpedlocprceponse.
BinAcoelMlin: Same asPLL correctioufiwtm exceptthatthevalue forthebin aceelmainis only
loaded into the excite: synthesizer during the transmitter modulation period. It is primarily uwd to com]
Moduli): Amodulovalue cdcight sets the synthesizeroontparisonfrequencytoeighttimesthat ofthe
channel spacing (synthesizer step size). A value of five is five times, respectively.
Channel Spacing: (Also referred to as the synthesizer step) As a rule, the oscillator frequency must he
integerdivisiblebythe modulovalue and thenthe step size. The step size isusually sate halfthat ofthe
channel spacing.
Aecd Proportion: Controls the degree of speed up at the onset nfl’l‘r.
Accel Integral: Controls the mintiplicntiun factor of the meal proportion
For further information, refer to the Philips Semiconductor Data Book for the SA7025DK chip.
Modulation Control
DC-l-‘M um two-point modulation, and its parameters can be set by the following:
VCO Deviation: The digital pot value sets the modulation level fed to the VCO modulation input. A
value of 0 sets the minimum deviation level. A value of 255 sets the maximum deviation level.
Reference Bias: The digital pot value sets the center carrier frequency of the transmitter frequency. A
value of 0 sets the highest carrier frequency. Avalue of 255 sets the lowest carrier frequency, A value
QRELM cunmiriefltions lnc. Revislon 1.0 47
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
around 128 is normally used. It'the value is too high or too low, unsymmetrical modulation distortion
could mult due to the limited range of the mamr reference oscillator.
Reference Level: The digital pot value sets the modulation level fed to the master reference oscillator, A
value ufO sets the minimum deviation level. A value of 255 sets the maximum deviation level. It
primarily is used to set the modulation balance at low frequencies,
Transmit RF Power Output
Transmit Power: The digital pot value sets the RF drive level to the power amplifier, A value of 0 sets
the transmitter power to minimum A value of 255 sets the transmitter power to maximum.
CTCSS Control
TX Sulmme: Directly enters the frequency of the transmitter modulation mooder.
RxSuhtu-e: Directlyenterstheh’equencyfurtherweiverdwodertoopeme.
TX Subtone Level: Controls the level of the transmitter modulation encoder. Steps are 0.85dB.
Channel Selection
Three methods are available for charmel selection:
1. Sofiware Channel SeleaviaUtilityProgram:Ens|nethatchanne10 is selected ontheDIPswitch
DlPl located on the micro-controllerboard (all eight switches in the OFF position). Enter the channel
number in the sofiware select channel window on the Channel Info screen, and press SELECT,
2. Soflware ChannelSeleavia SerialCommaud: Ensurethatchannelois selectedontheDIP switch
DIPl located on the micro-controller board (all eight switches in the OFF position). Send the string
“chansxxx” where XXX = a three—digit number for the channel number. For example, to select
channel 5, send the siting “challsOOS.” Baud rate is 9600 BPS,
3. Hardware Channel Select: Select the fixed channel for the S Series by using the DIP switch DIPl
located on the micro-controller board. Channel 1-255 is available in binary selection Switch position
1 is channel 1, position 2 is channel 2, position 3 is charmel 4, pomion 4 is channel 8, position 5 is
channel 16, position 6 is channel 32, position 7 is channel 64, and position 8 is channel 128. For
fin‘tlter details of all possible channels, see Appendix C.
Troubleshooting
The mostcommonuusesofpmblems are listedbelnw:
Incorrect parameters sci inthe S Series utility program such as
wrong reference frequency osdlhitor value,
PLL correction factor or bin accel value too low,
awel values extreme,
channel spacing value not correct, or
frequency value not a multiple of the channel spacing / step size.
WfPNE"
Other problem may include jumpers or DIP switches in wrong positions.
48 DRELM Communicdinns Inc. Revision 1.0
Glossary
SRD OIP
AUX
BPF
BW
CMOS
CRO
CTCSS
DC
DIP
EMI
FSK
IC
PPM (PW!)
POCSAG
RSSI
RU
Simplex
Squelch
S SERlES USER MANUAL
Third Order Intercept Point
Auxiliary
Band Pass Filter
Bandwidth
Complemzmry Metal Oxide Silicon
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System
Direct Current
Dual Inline Package
Electra Magnnic Interference
Frequency Shifl Keying
High Pass Filter
Imegrnted Circuit
Intermediate Frequency
Input I Output
Jumper
Resonant circuit consisting of an Inductor and Capacitor network
Light Emitting Diode
LOW Pass Filter
Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit
Radio rnemging system
Mean Time Between Failure
Noise Figure
Power Amplifier
Circuit board land
Printed Circuit Board
Phase locked Loop
Pans Per Million
Push To Talk
Post Oflioe Code Standardization Advisory Group
Random Access Memory
Radio Frequzncy
Received Signal Strength Indicator
Rack Unit
Receiver
Single operation of either Transmitter or Rewiver
Signal to Noise Ratio
Muted audio signal
Switch
Temperature
Turn Around Mixer
Transmitter
Um High Frequency
Voltage Controlled Oscillator
Voltage Controlled Tunperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
Voice Frequency
Very High Frequency
Voltagc Standing Wave Ratio
ORELM Communications lnc Rwlslon 1.0
49
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
AppendixA Specifications
Minimum Performance Specification
Minimum performance to exceed the following for “MI-114960“:
ETS 300 086 131111991
FCC Part 90
TIA/EIA-603
13m 225 ZV 1/2098 (German Sofikeying)
CEPTTIR 24-0113 Sept 19811
EC Marking, EC EMC Directive 89/336IEEC
ETS 300 113
MlL-STD-SIOE
RFS32
TlA/EIA-603
General Specifications
S Seriesllack Size: l9-in ZRU Case, 13-in (360mm) deep inc fin
S Series Overall Phyfiml Sim 3.5-in (89mm) high, 13-in (360mm) deep, 19-in (483mm) wide
Weight Dis-lbs (9kg)
Supply Vultase: 13,5V +/— 20%
Powchonsnmption: <600mAreceive,typica] 440m
<11A for 50W TX RF
Operating Temperamre: —1010 +60 C. —30 to +60 C option
Individual Module Dimensions: Rx & TX W=100, L=l80, H = 30mm
PA W=78, L=300, H = 60mm
Standard LED inditatms: Power, Rx, TX, CTCSS, Aux, Alarm
Frequency Range: Coverage 66—960 MHz
Synthesis Method: Non mixing PL
Fractional N synthesizer
Modulation: Direct FM, +/—5 KHz
+l—2.5 KHZ narrow band
Channel Spacing: 30 KHZ, 25 KHZ, or 1215 KHz
Syndlcsizer Step Sim: 30, 25, 12.5, 75, 01'615KHZ
Channels: 256 Software or switch selectable
1—99 BCD parallel selection
Frequency Range: Coverage 66—960 MHz
50 MELM mmluns Inc. Rev/bio" 1.0
S SERlES USER MANUAL
Other frequencies or band allocations available.
Contact Spectra Engineering for details.
BandA
BandB
BandC
Bant‘lD
Band}!
BandF
BandG
BandH
Bandl
Band]
BandK
BandL
BandM
BandN
BundO
BandP
BandQ
BandR
Bands
BandT
BandU
BandV
BundW
BandX
66—80 MHz
74—88 MHZ
135—160 MHZ
155—1 80 MHZ
175—200 MHZ
195—225 MHZ
220—250 MHz
2454275 MHZ
270—300 MHZ
295—325 MHZ
320-3 50 MHz
345—375 MHZ
370-400 MHZ
395—430 MHZ
425—460 MHz
455490 MHZ
485—520 MHZ
805—825 MHZ
824—349 MHz
85m870 MHZ
872—905 MHZ
890—9 1 5 MHZ
91 7—950 MHZ
925—960 MHZ
Transmitter Module Specifications
RFPcwerOutput:
Frequency Stability:
Audio Response;
Audio Bandwidth:
Modulation Distortion:
S/N Ratio:
Spurious:
RF Switching Bandwidth:
RF Switching Bandwidth PA:
Duty Cycle:
RF Rise Time:
SW to 50W (66-520 MHZ)
SW to 35W, 50W optional for
13.8VI28V rail(800-960 MHz)
100W on special request
25PPM, 1.5PPM or I‘OPPM
Fla! within +I- 0.5dB across BW
Basel LPF for data or Chebychev LPF
DCG-X Band) to 3400Hz base hand
(-0,5dB) 300Hz to 3000HZ for BIA-603
300Hz to 3400112 nominal.
Less than 2% C-weighted.
Better than 50dB, wide band.
Better than 44dB, narrow Band.
Better than -90dBc.
Same as hand allocation
lOMl-lz nominal1 full band useable.
100% for 50W RF output with
Tlmmal controlled fan.
4mS with continuous VCO selected
(Controlled RF envelope).
GRELM Cmmunlcallons Inc. Rwision 1.0
51
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Receiver Module Specifications
Sensifivity:
Selectivity 66-5201vfl-lz (Option):
Selectivity 66-520MHz:
Selectivity BOS-QSOMHz:
Spurious Resp:
Intermodulation:
Blocking
Distortion:
SIN Ratio:
RF Switching Bandwidth:
Receiver Front End BW:
Audio Bandwidth:
Squelch Opening Time:
Squelclt Closing Time:
Conducted Spurious:
Ancillaries
TX Timer:
VF Level to Line:
VF Level [mm Line:
Pre-Ernphas‘m Aeniracy:
De-Emphasis Accuracy:
VF Compmsor Range:
Control Oinptns:
Alarm Output:
m Input:
Channel Select:
Repeater Tail Timer:
52
Betterthan fl l7dBm for [MB (25 KHz spacing )v C-weighted, De-
ernphasis. Typical leOdBm
MofidtanmdBfmlsKflzadjchanneLmorethanmdBfm 125
KHz adj channel, for switching BW loMl-lz minimum
More than75 dB for 25 IG-lz adj channel, morethan65 dB for 1245
KHZ adj channel, for switching BW same as hand allocation
Morethan70 dBforZSIG-lzadj charmelmorethan65 dBfur 12.5
lCl-lz adj channel for switching BW same as hand allocation
Better than 901113
Better than 80dB
Better than IOOdB at +l—lMl—Iz point
Le- than 2%
Better than 50dB C-weighted, wide band. Better than 44dB C—
weighted, narmwband
IOMHZ minirmun or equal to band allocation
Equal to band allocation, no retuuing
DC to 3400Hz (—0.5dB)
20ms
lOOmS
Less than -57dBm, typ —90dBm
2 minutes, on/ofi‘ selectable
+6 m—lSdBm, 600 ohmsunhalancedordifl'ereutial
+6 to —15dBm, 600 ohms unbalanced
Within +l—0.5dB of6d8 per octave curve
Within +/—0.5dB of MB per octave curve
>30dB for line input,
1K ohm 5V source/sink available
Open eollector
Dog's or (rpm-isolated +l~5 to 48V
8-way dip switch or 115232 or BCD
2 seconds nominal
ORELM Cmununiemns Inc Revlslon 1 0
8 SERIES USER MANUAL
Appendix B Interface Connections
S Series Rear Chassis Connector Description
Universal DB15 Analog IIO
Pin Number And Description:
Universal Analog IIO DBIS Female Rent Connector
Universal Analog IIO DBlS Male Rear Connector
V Internal Circuit Board Header SKH Connector
Usefltiseanhforgeneraloomreaionandmrerumforanalogeanhnnda "o
The mute status oanbe monitoredby reading this voltage 5-volt log'c high :
signalreceivedorthemuteisopm Ontpmimpedanoe= 100K!) v Connectto
' fill"?! lWfl‘“ 61W)»;
OIC ALARM OUTPUT
The open collector output sinks crnrent to earth when an alarm condition occurs.
_SamefimctionasfrontpanelalannLED. Analarmisgeneratedifthepower
amplifier is over temperature or if the supply Voltage exoeeds the defined limits.
Thshipwihts 9m sclecnablem the may ogsam ., ...
TX DC-FM INPUT
Widebandandio ordata canbe connectedtothispoint. To confonntotmnsrnittet
~ bandwidth emissions limits, this input is hard limited to the nominal deviation
and Bessel filtered —3dB @ 3400Hz for minimum group delay. Input impedance
' on the micro-cormmler board
The voltage from the reflected power directional coupler in the power amplifier
: goes directly to this pin, In a correctly terminated load, the voltage should be less
than 200mV. Depending on the degree of mismatch at the load. the voltage will
rise to approx 3—4 volts for 50 Watts forward power The internal reflected power
5 control circuit also monitors this point so that when the reflected power voltage
exmds half that of the forward power voltage, the forward power is then redumd
v to about 25% of full power. Full forward power is returned when the reflected
f rim WNW the trip mint mentihhes; Thehhhehtimpfidahce. isabvhtém
= TX PH 111
“lesmdardmm ‘ fishers-elly 4912? low
MELM Communications Inc Revisnn 1.0 53
M,” 7 ,, W ,,,,,, fl,
54
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
beinanilJMPBinpos on
“f.
_ " region inputs“ Bfépein collector.
5 s 1 change polarity or voltage input also see OP’I'O Pl'l‘ IN. Removing IMP9 will
v ion-93m P'l'fyls the 99‘s» 09991“! ...
RX DISCRIMINATOR
2 The receiver discriminator audio output is buffered, unfiltered, and DC-coupled to
IN
This input is uwd only if a floating or 0th input HT is required. IMP9 MU§T
be removed Positive or negative keying voltage can be applied to the input due to
5 full wave rectifier and opto circuit For a fully floating difierential input voltage
(+/—5 w +/—4s VDC), set jumper M8 in position 1-2. Putting ms in position
lw-lloonnoolthlspmmweanh V A t A. .. ,. , t a.
TX FORWARD POWER
; The voltage from the forward power directional coupler in the power amplifier
5 goes diredly to this pin, In a correctly terminated load, the voltage should be
. aborn3—4Voltsfiur50Watts.1heautputimpedanoeisabnut5KQ.Theitnernal
forward, power CW91. await also monitors!!!“ point ..
ANALOG EARTH
anal earth common for
TRANSMIT AUDIO INPUT 6009
Transmitter audio input to rip-amps etc, Nominal line input level is —lOdBrrt Can
1041919 9m99._retizato.analog£anll ,
The receiver‘s received signal strength indicator voltage is proportional to the log
ofthe signal level at the antenna input Voltage range is 0—5 volts. Output
: impedance is low._Dynainic range > 60dB,
; WIDE BAND TX MODHMTION INPUT
1 Wide band audio or data may be connected to this point. WARNINQ: To
1 conform to transmitter bandwidth emissions limits, the signal MU_SI be pre-
¢ filtered. Failure to do this WILL result in noncompliance of the TX emission
GRELM Comnumcations Inc‘ Revision 1.0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
D525 Digita! IIO Connector
Each CMOS logic input is protected by a 10K Ohm series resistor to the input of the logic chip. There is
also 310K Ohm pull down mm'stor at each input so as to default the input value to mm,
Each logic output is protected by a 1K Ohm sari“ resistor from the output of the logic chip.
Pin Number and Description:
Digital 1/0 DB25 Female Rear Connector (standard connection)
Digital 1/0 D325 Male Ran Connector
(Internal Circuit Board Header SKF Connector
ridrr'rA Spar
UTPORTA Spare S—birLogichiyrnbiw
GRELM Cammumcafiam Inc Revision 1 0 55
S SERlES USER MANUAL
PC Serial Port-to-Radio Cable
DB9 PIN#
For additional information, see the Testing section of this manna].
5G ORELM Commvicaiam Inc. Revmon 1.0
S SERiES USER MANUAL
Appendix C DIP Switch Settings
DIP Switch 1 Channel Selection
Three methods are available for channel selection (see the S Series Base Station Utility section nf tltis
manual):
Snftware Channel Select vla Utility Program: Ensure that charmel 0 is selected on the DIP switch
DlPl located an the micro-oonnollerboatd (all eight switches in the OFF position). Enter the channel
number in the Soflware Select Channel window on the Channel Info screen and press Select.
Software Channel Select via Serial Command: Ensure that channel 0 is selected on the DIP switch
DIP] located on the micro-continue: board (all eight switches in the OFF position). Send the string
"chansXXX" Where XXX = athree-digit number for the channel number. For example, to select channel
5, send the string "chansOOS," Band rate is 9600 BPS.
Hardware Channel Select: Select the fixed channel for the S Series by using the DIP switch DIPl
located on the micro-controller board. Channel 1—255 is available in binary selection Switch position 1 is
channel l,position2ischanne12,positian3 ischannel4,positinn4ischarmel$,position5 ischaunel
16, position 6 is channel 32, position 7 is channel 64, and position 8 is channel l28.
Atable cthH> switch 1 settings follows, wheteaswitchONisindicntedbyan "x" inaccllandnomtry
inacellrepresentsaswitchOFF.
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
58 MELM cmmflutlons lllc. Revision 1.0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
x x
><>c=
><‘>< z'x {at
{anxax‘xxxua
'131’
QRELM Commumclllons Inc. Revision 1.0 59
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
S SERIES USER MANUAL
wxxxuxzpelu
X X
DRELM Commlom Inc. Rewslon 1.0 61
62
8 SERIES USER MANUAL
DRELM Commifilluns Inc. Revision 1.0
8 SERIES USER MANUAL
DIP Switch 2 User Function Select
PTT Dehy :
Insens a IOOmS delay for the transnuner RF rise time. Mustbe f
selected when “Sing a coaxial simplex changeover relay to prevenl 3
swiiching RF power.
Simplex On
Selects simplex mode of operan'on.
TX Timer On
Tmnsmifler is disabled aflcr 2 minutes continuous use.
Repeater On
Selects automatic reeeiwr-w—transmitwr repeater furm'cm. The
tmnsrniner will also have a 2-second “hang time."
TX VCO Cont
Enables the transminer VCO to operate continuously in “hot
standby" mode. mswdsupthemsminerflsefimemllms.
Caution: Low-level signal leakage can aflect the performance of
tirereeeiverifflieu‘ansrrutterisonflresamefiequency.
TX PSK
Generates an FSK test 5931” nor-mall! used. “WWW“ w
ORELM Communications Inc Rwlslon 1.0 63
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Appendix D Model # Configuration Guide
Rev 1.3 13 October 1997. Consult Spectm for availability details on specific configurations and options.
TX POWER CHANNEL ALLOC FREQ STABILITY
M 35 Watts N 125 KHZ 1 LOPPM (—30 to 60°C)
H 50 Watts W 25 KHZ 2 1.5PPM (—10 to 60°C)
V 100 Watts 3 2.5PPM (—30 to 60°C)
I Insett Z for
Ni] item
RF CONFIGURATION
A 66780 MHZ D Duplex
B 70—88 MHZ S Simplex
C 135—160 MHz
C2 138—149 MHz
D 155—180 MHZ
D2 159—166 MHZ FRONT PANEL
D3 148—174 MHZ S Standard
E 175—200 MHZ C Custom
F 195—225 MHZ
G 22(F250 MHz
1] 2454275 Ifoz
I 27mm MHZ OPTION
12 276—284 MHz K 32CF350 MHZ
I 295—325 MHz S Special Version
L 345—3 75 MHZ C CTCSS Enc & Dec
M 370—400 MHZ D Digital Modulator
N 395430 MHZ 4 4 Level FSK Modems
N2 400—435 MHz F FFSK Modems
0 4254160 MHZ T Self Test Local Loopback
P 455—490 MHZ
P2 450—485 MHZ
Q 485—520 Ivfl-Iz Notes:
02 500—532 MHz
R 805—825 MHz 1. Band C2, D2, and 12 for digital TX only
S 824—849 MHz 2. Band Q2 receive only
T 850—870 MHz 3. 100 Watts on special application only
U 872-905 MHZ
V 89(F9 1 5 NIHZ
W 917—950 MHZ
X 925—960 MHZ
G4 QRELM Communlcilons Inc. Revision 1.0
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