RELM Communications SRV50B User Manual 8
RELM Communications Inc 8
8
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| Document Description | 8 |
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| Date Submitted | 2000-01-12 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 1998-10-16 00:00:00 |
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| Document Title | 8 |
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
RELM communications, Inc.
8 SERIES RF TRANSCEWER
USER MANUAL
RELM Comunications, Inc
7505 Technology Drive
W. Melbourne, Flonda 32904
Voice: 407. 984-1414
Fax: 407-984-0434
Manual Revision 10 January 1998
Applicable reference:
26 ORELM Communicalluns Inc Revwsmn 1.0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Micro-controller Board Rev C
S Series Utility Sofiware yer 1.0
To continually improve our products, RELM Communications, Inc, reserves the right to alter, without
notice and at any time‘ the equipment and specifications descnbed in this document.
All quoted performance figures are typical and are subject to normal manufacturing and service
tolerances.
The purchaser is wanted that statements made in this document may be inaccurate due to typographical or
other errors, or subsequent modifications of the product. Although every care was taken in the creation of
this document, no warranty of accuracy or reliability is given in any advice or infomiation contained in
this document The responsibility for any loss or damage whatsoever arising in any Way or any
representation act or omission whether express or implied (including responsibility to any person by
reason of negligence) is not accepted by RELM Communications, Inc. or any oflicer, agent, or employee
of REIM Communications, Inc.
Copyright © RELM Communications, Inc.
©RELM communications Inc Revision 1 0 27
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Record of Revisions
Any changes to Ihis manual an: recorded on this list,
Chapter Changes Fags Changed
Allflnilial Release All
23 WELM Communmmns |nc Revis'nn 1.0
S SERIES USER MANUAL
SAFETY SUMMARY
Although there are no dangerous high voltages present within the
equipment, the following general safety precautions must be observed
during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this equipment.
PROTECT THE EQUIPMENT.
To minimize any possible shock hazard from an external power supply or lightning
strike, the chassis or equipment cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground.
Provide adequate ventilation around the rear of the equipment.
DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE.
Do not operate the equipment in the presence of flammable gases or fumes. Operation
of any electrical equipment in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard.
DO NOT ATTEMPT INTERNAL SERVICE WHILE TRANSMITTING.
Thermal or RF bums may result from touching certain components within the power
amplifier module while transmitting or operating the transmitter.
DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY THE EQUIPMENT.
Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not install substitute or
lower voltage parts to the equipment. Retum to your authorized distributor.
EXERCISE CAUTION AND CORRECT DISPOSAL OF RF POWER DEVICES.
Most RF power transistors and some RF power hybrids contain Beryllium Oxide.
Although these transistors are normally safe, if physically damaged, toxic dust could be
released. Consult your local authority for ooneot disposal thereof.
©RELM Communications Inc. Revision I D
29
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Contents
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ..I
Exciter Module Description
Receive1 Module Descriptio
Power Amplifier Module Description,
KEY FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES
INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS ,
Standard Version Front Panel. .
Rear Panel Connectors.
REAR VIEW S SERIES
SIDE VIEW S SERIES.
INSTALLATION .....
32
33
33
33
34
34
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ..
INTERNAL CONNECTIONS ,,,,,,,
EXCITER MODULE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
RECEIVER MODULE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
PA MODULE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
MICRO-CONTROLLER CONFIGURATION.
Description of Micro-Controller Jumper Functions
TESTING
CONNECTING A COMPUTER To THE S SERIES RADI
TEST SETUP .....
TEST PROCEDURE.
S SERES BASE STATION UTILITY“.
INITIAL SETUP AND DESCRIPTION .....
Main Display Tool Bar Description
Initial Settings .. ...
Imu'al Slatic Semngs
Channel ngramming and Description
QUICK FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING
FULL CALIBRATION.
DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM FUNCTIONS
Synthe Sizer Control .....
Modulation Comml .....
Transmit RF Power Output .
CTCSS Control . .
Channel Selection. ..
TROUBLESHOOTING
4S
GLOSSARY ......
APPENDIX A SPECIFICATION S ......
3° ©RELM Commumcafions Inc. Revision 1 o
S SERIES USER MANUAL
MINIMUM PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ,
TRANSMITTER MODULE SPECIFICATION
RECEIVER MODULE SPECIFICATIONS ‘
ANCILLARIES
APPENDIX B INTERFACE CONNECTIONS.."
S SERIES REAR CHASSIS CONNECTOR DESCRIPITON
Univexsal DBIS Analog IIO .............
D525 Digital I/O Conneclon,
PC SERIAL PORT To RADIO CABLE
APPENDIX C DH’ SWITCH SETTINGS"...
DIP SWITCH 1 CHANNEL SELECTION
DIP SWn‘CH 2 USER FUNCTION SELECT
APPENDIX D MODEL NUMBER CONFIGURATION GUIDE
QRELM Commumcatims Inc. Revmon 1.0 31
3 SERIES USER MANUAL
Introduction
The S Series of radio systems use: state—of-the-art design and construction methods to deliver a range of
high-performance, ultra-reliable radio devices. These radio systems are ideally suited for use in VHF or
UHF two-way voice radio systems; however, the S Series can perform any number of applications where
the added advantage of linear frequency and phase response from DC to SKHz can be used. The S Series,
unlike conventional PLL radio systems, uses a two-point modulation method synthesizer for extended low-
end VF transmit frequency response
The flexibility of the S Series allows it to be configured for a wide range of applications:
- Standard or wideband voice, full duplex radio
- Cellular or trunking systems
- POCSAG paging transmitter
0 Direct F SK modulation
- Two— or four-level FSK transmissions
o Other paging formats
- Cross band link or repeater
General Description
The S Series of radio systems features a high degree of RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) and EMT
(Electro-Magnetic Interference) screening throughout its design and construction The receiver and
exciter (low-power transmitter) modules are contained in a solid machined aluminum enclosure, and for
additional screening, each interface pin is individually filtered, The PA (Power Amplifier) module is
contained in a special compact extrusion for minimum bannonic radiation. In addition, the RF (Radio
Frequency) modules and the micro-controller are also contained in the main screened 2RU (Rack Unit)
case for low conducted and radiated emissions and minimal susceptibility to RH and EM]
The S Series consists of four main sub assemblies“ an excite: module, a receiver module, a power
amplifier module, and a micro-controller board. For limher information on these sub assemblies, refer to
the Technical Description section later in this manual.
Exciter Module Description
The exciter module features a modulation bandwidth to DC (Direct Current) with an ultra-wide RF
bandwrdth 20MHz—lOOUMHz at an output power of 300mW. To change from one band to another, all you
need to do is change the plug in the VCO board; no other manual adjustment or change is required. Ifa
high stability reference is required, the RF modules canbe fitted with connectors for an extemal reference
oscillator input, On-board memory stores calibration, personality information, and program data.
Alternatively, the exciter module can be set up as a conventional PLL (Phase Locked Loop) if simplicity
and minimum cost are required. The fractional N synthesizer provides ultra low spurious while still
maintaining fast lock times, even at 625th step size or less. An optional built tum-amund mixer
(TRM) provides advanced diagnostics such as receiver sensitivity tests.
32 QRELM Communicatlotis Inc Revislon I U
S SERlES USER MANUAL
Receiver Module Description
The receiver module features the same advanced synthesizer and wide bandwidth as the exciter. Only the
front end bandpass filter and VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) nwd to be changed to suppon difi‘erent
frequency bands, resulting in significant flexibility and end-user cost savings. The custom-built front end
bandpass filter has a wide no-adjust bandwidth equal to the band allocation. The receiver has extremely
high sensitivity while maintaining excellent intennodulation immunity and adjacent channel rejection, A
double first IF (Intermediate Frequency) provides excellent rejection to commonly lmown spurious
responses. High blocking of over 121MB typical ensures that strong imert‘eriug signals do not desensitize
the receiver when receiving weak signals.
Power Amplifier Module Description
The PA is very compact and etficient for high reliability and low cost The heatsink has minimal
temperature rise even under continuous operation. This also ensures the best MTBF (Mean Time Between
Failure) obtainable for a practical design A low-loss lB—element elliptical low-pass filter ensures that any
harmonics remain below —100dBc,
Key Features and Advantages
. Exceptional system performance
- Modular imernal construction
- Sofiware or hardware configurable
o 50 Watt continuous transmitter (30 Watt above 800 MHz)
0 Programming via R5232
o 256 channel capacity
- Optional CTCSS (Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System)
0 Paging capability
- VF filters and processing can be bypassed
. Fast mute
- 20mS Rx (Receiver) and TX (Transmitter), 4mS selectable
- Front panel display
- Digital squelch compatible
- Wide hand Rx and TX
- Isolated P’l'l' (Push To Talk) input
- Digitally controlled and corrected TX deviation
- Programmable TX power
a Direct FSK (Frequency Shifl Keying) or paging compatible
- VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and Temp protection
- Compact 2RU case
. 13.8 Volt operation
0 Available in continuous covemge from 66 to SKMHL 135 to 520MHz, and 305 to £560le
0 Surface mount technology used throughout
o Rear analog and digital interfaces
Other options and variations are available. Please consult RELM Communications for fimher details
ORELM Communlcatlons Inc. Revision 1 0 33
S SERiES USER MANUAL
Indicators and Connectors
The S Series canbe supplied with custom from panels The standard version is shown below.
The following tables explain the functions of the front panel LED‘s. Each LED indicates the status of the
S Series Base Station in real lime.
Standard Version Front Panel
‘Efifié‘fiofi
The power supply voltage is within soflware selectable limits.
A signal is being received by the receiver or the receiver squelch is open.
‘ The transmitter is transmitting RF power
5 CTCSS A valid Continuous Tone Coded Squelch Signal has been detected
The aux function is selected, or the I’LL is unlocked.
A generalalarjrnegndition exists such asunder/overvoltage or over 1
ALARM
34 ©RELM Communications Inc Revision 1 0
S SERiES USER MANUAL
Rear Panel Connectors
CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
DC POWER INPUT 13.8 Volt DC power input, Also +28 Volt input on spare pin,
SIMPLEX RELAY OUT OR Location for Internal simplex relayi The antenna for RX/TX
N-TYPE RX INPUT connects to this point. Or an N-type connector can be used for the
input to the receiver for full duplex operation.
BNC RX INPUT Standard ENC connector for the input to the receiver for full
duplex operation.
N TYPE TX OUTPUT The RF power output from the transmitter for full duplex
5 operation
SPARE RJII Provrsion for internal expansion
DBZS-F PARALLEL I/O Provides two S-hil input ports, where one is uwd as the parallel
BCD channel select. Also one spare 8-bil input port,
= DBIS UNIVERSAL Provrdes the necessary analog receiver and transmitter interface
ANALOG 1/0 for system expansion.
Its-232 SERIAL PORT 9600 baud serial pen for frequency programming, channel
selection, and alarm and status monitoring
81341359515. .. . Premiers» ‘t Lew“
Rear View 8 Series
DC POWER INPUT
SIMPLEX RELAY OUT
OR N TYPE RX INPUT OR BNC RXINPUT
N-TYPE TX OUTPUT THERMALLY CONTROLLED
SPARE
RJ11
HOLE
TRANSMITTER HEATSINK
SPARE 4 OFF SCREWS FOR
DBZ5»F DB15 EASY PA MODULE
PARALLEL NO HOLE REMOVAL
DB15 UNIVERS ' L RS-232
ANALOG I/O SERIAL PORT
©RELM Communications Inc Revision 1 0 35
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Side View S Series
MOUNTING HOLES FOR SLIDE-OUT RAILS
THE HEAT SINK AIRFLOW EXITS SIDEWAYS SO ANY NUMBER OF S SERIES
CAN BE STACKED IN A RACK ONE ABOVE THE OTHER.
Installation
WARNING: Observe all safety precautions when working with electrical and
electronic equipment. Contact Spectra Engineering if you are in any
doubt about the suitability of your test environment.
S Series radio systems are securely packed for transport in polystyrene foam peanms inside a pasteboard
container. Before unpacking the S Series radio, please insped the packaging for signs of damage, and
report any damage to your S Series distributor.
As you unpack the S Series radio, make sure you received all items shipped. Report any missing items to
your S Series distributor. All parts on the rear of the radio should be carefully examined to ensure that
packaging has not bwome wedged inside them. It is Leg igmnant to examine the fan because operation
of the radio will be afiected if any packaging causes the fan to stop working
If you intend to install the radio in an equipment rack, consult the installation manual for your system.
Spectra Engineering recommends that the radio be secured into the rack system um'ng four screws through
the mounting holes in the front panel, near the handles.
If the radio is to be used in a stand-alone configuration, be sure the radio is in a
secure, dry location with sufficient air space to allow for adequate ventilation.
36 ©RELM Communleations Inc Revision 1 0
S SERlES UsER MANUAL
Technical Description
Internal Connections
The internal design ofthe S Sefies is of a modular nature, allowing for simple mnfigurafion and
maintenance while ensuring minimal dowmime, Fur reference purposes, an image of a typical 5 Serim
system is shown below.
WELDED SEALED CHASSIS CONSTRUCTION
PA MODULE MICRO-CONTROLLER
EXCITER MODULE RECEIVER MODULE
MELM Communications Inc, Revision 10
37
S SERlES USER MANUAL
Exciter Module Technical Description
RF from the VCO, at a nominal level of +3dBm, is applied to the fractionalN synthesizer IC (Integrated
Circuit) main divider input. A second, separate RF output of the same level from the VCO is used as the
mam transmit RF amplifier signal source. The main signal is first buffered by a very high isolation circuit
consisting of a lOdB pad and a MMIC (microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit) amplifier. The signal is
further amplified by a variable-gain wide-band amplifier with a 40dB control range and a power output of
300mW, The drive power of this stage is used to set the output power of the main power amplifier. The
output of the charge pump of the synthesizer is filtered, then amplified by the noninverting low-noise op
amp. The op amp uses a 25-volt power supply to provide a wide tuning range voltage to the frequency
control vancaps located on the VCO board.
The VCO boards and synthesizer circuits are the same for the exciter and receiver modules. The VCO
consists of a Mom ceramic coaxial resonator with a common base oscillator for low-phase noise for
bands 805~960 MHz. Frequencies below 520 MHz use an LC tank circuit. The power supply to the VCO
consists of a its own 8-volt regulator and active filter for maximum noise rejection. For standard
modulation, transmit audio is fed to the conventional point of the VCO Varactor. For two—point
modulation, audio is also fed to the voltage control pin of the VC-TXCO (Voltage-Controlled
Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator). This in effect cancels out the PLL error that would
otherwise have occurred for low audio frequencies, resulting in a flat VF (Voice Frequency) response.
Receiver Module Technical Description
The receive signal from the antenna enters a three-section band pass filter (BPF) that provides the initial
filtering for the front end amplifier. The front end amplifier is a broad~band high-performance MMIC
with a gain of20dB, NF (Noise Filter) of MB, and 3rd 0]? (Third Order Intercept Point) of +36dB. This
is then followed by the second three-section BPF, then a high-level double-balanced mixer. RF from the
VCO is buffered and amplified to +l7dBm and injected in the high-level mixer, which down converts the
signal to the H7 frequency of 90 MHz. The IF signal of 90 MHz from the mixer IS terminated by a bi-
directional constant-impedance diplexer network and is then amplified by a bipolar amplifier with a gain
of 15dB and 3rd OIP of +35dB. This provides a high degree of intennodulation rejection for the receiver.
This stage is followed by a four-pole 90 W2 crystal filter with its associated matching networks. The
m’gnal is further amplified and filtered by a transistor and its associated two-pole crystal filler before being
fed into the min 117 demodulator chip with a second IF frequency of 455 KHz. The resulting audio is
passed out to the micro—controller board.
PA Module Technical Description
RF from the exciter is first attenuated by a SO-ohm pad that provides a good 50-ohm source impedance for
the high-power hybrid amplifier. The RF is amplified to 5—13 watts at its SO-ohm output The signal from
the hybrid is then matched by a broad—band network to drive the low-input impedance associated with the
final transmit power amplifier transistor The low collector impedance of the transistor is then also
matched back to 50 ohms With a broad-band matching network. Several trimmer capacitors allow you to
adjust the power amplifier over a Wide bandwidth to maintain good conversion efficiency.
The dual-directional coupler consists of coupled microsnip tranmussion lines fibricated on the PCB
(printed Circuit Board) artwork. The sampled RF energy is rectified to provrde a proportional DC voltage
output. Prior to transmission, a low-loss Iii-element elliptical low-pass filter filters out the intwanted
harmonics to less than flOOdBc.
33 ©RELM Communications Inc Revlslont 0
S SER‘ES USER MANUAL
Micro-Controller Configuration
The View below is an image cf the micro-controller layout and the position of the jumpers and DH’
switchas (highlighted) that are used for setting the general configuration of the audio filteis, P'IT
fimcljons, and other vaxious facilities.
[F .
Elgar;
mtg»;
fig."
~° m h
, |:| mm III
a z] um. nu |:|
i Z! mom 1:1
A [:| Mm- nu |:|
, 1:1
» 1:1
z] n m, m
r—rh»
\____u-m
a m
“DEE“
7,,,, in“
mama mpn nurwu Lg;
M f k mmmfimm 5.3 M £13. am“ ah;“’a.**_ D
Du an a ww
NOTE: Not all components shown are fitted
©RELM Communications Im. Revision 1 0 39
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Description of Micro-Controller Jumper Functions
JMP#
m1
m2
5JMM
JMP4
_mp5
EJMPG
M7
ms
‘JMPS
JMP10
M11
M12
M13
M14
40
FUNCTION / DESCRIPTION
Selects either defatm RUN or EMULATE mode for the mom-processor
Enables the WATCHDOG auto reset function in the micro-processor
Enables or disables the PRE-EMPHASIS for the TX audio
Enables or disables the COMPRESSOR for the TX audio
Enables or disables the HIGH PASS FILTER for the Rx audio
Enables or disables the LOW PASS PETER for the Rx audio
Enables or disables the DE-EMPHASIS processing for the Rx audio
Selects a common earth or floating PTI‘ input (See Appendix B)
Selects the FIT mode (See Appendix B)
Controls the direction of the 115-232 TX and Rx data (See the next section and Appendix B)
Controls the direction of the 115—232 TX and Rx data (See the next section and Appendix B)
Enables a direct mnnection to the TX modulation, not normally uwd (See Appendix B)
Enables or disables the HIGH PASS FILTER for the TX audio
Enables a direet connection to the Txptnopdulation via‘the limite; and post LPF (See Appendix B)
©RELM Cummumcations Inc. Revision 1 0
S SERIES USER MANUAL
Testing
The following equipment is required to test S Series radios:
o A radio communications tesl set with 600 Q interfaces
- A digital multimeter
0 An oscilloscope
- 13.8V power supply
0 A PC with at least 8Mb ofRAM, a serial port, and the S Series Base Station Utility sofiware installed.
- A suitable cable to connect the serial port of the PC to the S Senes radio RS-232 port (see Appendix
B).
. A suitable power lead as supplied with the radio
- Suitable low-loss RF cables and connectors,
CAUTIO Attempting to operate the transmitter without an appropriate load
connected to the RF output could cause physical damage to the unit
and void the warranty. Contact Spectra Engineering if you are in
any doubt about the suitability of your test environment.
Connecting a Computer to the S Series Radio
The standard cable used to connect the computer to the S Series is a serial lap-link—type cable. This cable
usually consists of a lead with a D59 and DB25 female connector at each end The Rx and TX data
signals are cross connected in lap—link-type cables Two jumper links are on the micro-controller circuit
board insrde the S Series designated M10 and M1 1, Their default position is pin 2&3 or "SWAP "
This indicates that a lead that swaps Rx and TX data is in use
Other special serial leads can also be used. To allow for more combinations, you can set JMPIO and
IMF“ to position 1&2 or "NORM," which has the eflect of swapping over pins 2 and 3 on the D139 rear
connector.
Test Setup
Make all connections at the rear of the S Series radio
Connect the transmitter RF output located on the heat sink module to the dummy load/TX test input of the
Radio Communications Test Set using a short length of low-loss RG 213 or equivalent coaxial cable
Connect the receiver RF input to the signal generator output of the Radio Communications Test Set using
moderate- to low-loss coaxial cable,
Connect all VF interfaces and control lines to the appropriate points.
Connect the S Series Radio to a suitable 13.8 volt DC power supply while observing the correct polarity
Test Procedure
Refer to Calibration Procedure in this manual.
DRELM Commumcatiofls Inc Revsien 1.0 41
S SERIES USER MANUAL
S Series Base Station Utility
Initial Setup and Description
Main Display Tool Bar Description
The CHANNEL INFO button is used to view and set up the frequency information in the S Series.
The ANALVZE button reads the internal status of the S Series and displays as such.
The UPDATE button is used only when SETUPfDYNAMIC is selecled. Pressing UPDATE sends the
dynamic settings to the S Series for quick initial testing, The values are not saved in the S Series The
UPDATE button is also used to set up the default values used in the channel programming
The other buttons duplicate SAVE, OPEN FILE, SEND DATA T0 RADIO, and LOAD DATA FROM RADIO as
seen on the Channel Info screen, respectively.
In' iaI Settings
To read or send data to the S Series, you must first create or open a file.
Initial Static Settings
Go to Setup Static, and set the appropriate values and conditions for the S Series, Press SE“) to send and
store the values inside the S Series.
Note: Reference, IF frequencies, and injection are not stored in the S Series, so this must reflect the actual
physical conditions of the S Series.
The standard reference oscillator is 14.4MHz. The standard IF is 90MHz with high-side injection bands A
to I and low side J to X. The PLL correction factor value is usually around 120. The fan-on temperature is
normally set to 40°C with the over-temperature cutout at 70°C.
Channel Programming and Description
At the Channel Info screen, click on the channel you want to set up. You can View all the settings and
calibration data, however, you will need to enter the password by clicking the ADVANCED button to
proceed. This level of protection is provided to advise that changes could allow the transmitter to
potentially cause interference to vital radio communications services. See also the Quick Frequency
Programming and Full Calibration sections of this manual.
42 ©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1 0
8 SERIES USER MANUAL
QUICK FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING
If a calibrate has already been performed, go to the Channel Information screen. Click the channel
number you want to change or create. Go into advanced mode with the correct password. Enter the
frequencies of the channel, Inject an audio signal with sufiicient level (—0dBrn) to ensure compressor
operation, and check that the deviation is JKHz for ZSKHz channel spacing or 1 SKI-[z for 12.5KHz
spacing. Adjust the VCO devration for the correct level. Most of the other settings will not change. Ifin
doubt, see the Full Calibration section of this manual.
FULL CALIBRATION
TX MODULATION
TX modulation is the recommended full-ailibran'on procedure with DC—FM installed. You can carry out
the alignment in the Setup Dynamic mode for a quicker result. Calibration is performed on the centerRF
frequency.
1. Set the reference level to 0 and the reference bias to 127,
2 On the S Series micro-controller board, set pre-el‘n‘pl’lflsls, TX HPF, and the TX VF compressor to
OFF. Turn the TX compress level RV2 fully clockwise to maximum to allow the hard limiter to
operate.
3. Inject a lKl-lz audio signal into the TX V'F input at a level of +10dBm. Check with an oscilloscope
that the audio signal is clipped at the TX limiter test point.
4. SettheVCOleveltoachievea4.8Kszeviation(diwedwaveform)forZSKl-Izchamel spacingand
2.3KHz deviation for 12.5KH2 channel spacing. HCFCSS is used, subtract further the nominal CTCSS
system deviation level.
5. Reduce the level from the audio oscillator to obtain a sinewave modulation, and then vary the
modulation frequency around 50—500Hz and adjust the bin accel factor for an approximately flat
response.
Note: Do not enter too low a value or the lock time and stability will be afi'ected.
6 Retum the audio level to +lOriBm.
7. Sammmmuqmmmflzmmmmwmmmmfiw
andnegtrvedevifiionpmks. Irmsetlw‘mflevel"toioduoethedegrecridrorping Adjustmtlntaflattqris
observedonthedermdulationwavcfinm Chedtthaiifyaivarymenmfladonfiequaaossamgedsmlz—
lmflefiemmxyreqaonseisflampenkdevhfimdnddsiubeflemasmsep4abow,Ifrmrqieat
stew 4 and 6.
Note: The modulation flatrmss will rise around ZKHZ if the S Series is fitted with Butterwonh- or
Chebychev—type filters for the main limiter post LPF as used in the EIA603 Build because of
the group delay distortion of the filters. For a flatter response, ensure the standard Bessel filter
is fitted
8 Set the transmitter carrier center frequency by adjusting the Ref Bias level if necessary. Repeat step 6
because there is some interaction from the reference oscillator due to nonlinearity. Repeat as
necessary.
9. Save as defaults,
10, Return the jumpers as before in step 2, Adjust the TX compress level RVZ for the standard system
deviation level—usually 3KHz for 25KHz channel spacing and 1.5Kl-lz for 12.5KH1 spacing.
11. Set the VF level to the standard input level (40dBm), and adjust the compress TX VF gain to just
compress.
12. Go to the Channel Info screen and click on the channel number to be allocated to the calibration
results. Click on Get Defaults, then 0K.
®RELM Communlcahofls Inc. vaslun 1.0 43
S SERlES USER MANUAL
13. Go to the next channel and load defaults, Key in the appropriate RF frequencies, and set the VCO
level for the same deviation as in step 9. Repeat this step for all the channels required.
Note: A small error wrll result in the calibration of the ref level as in step 6 if the next channel
frequency varies greatly from the original cal frequency. Recalibrate the ref level if necessary.
Caution: Due the high degree of adjustment available in the S Series, check the PLL stability by
monitoring the PLL tune voltage with a CRO (Cathode Ray Oscrllosoope) at the onset of NT
for minimal ringing.
Description of Program Functions
Synthesizer Control
The S Series Base Station has the facility for precise soflware control of the PLL characteristics, This
provides the user with additional fleiohility and capability for specialized or precise settings. The
following program functions allow for control of the fractional-N synthesizer and are described as such:
PLL Correction Factor: Controls the relative arntnrnt of charge ament into the PLL charge—pump
circuit. The value for the PLL correction factor is loaded into the receiver and excite: synthefl'm during
normal operation. It is primarily used to control the dynamic PLL settling characteristirx. A value of 0
will provide a minimum current and hence a slow and under-damped loop response. A value of 255 wrl]
provide the maximum current and hence a fast and over-damped loop response.
Bin Accel Main: Same as PLL correction fitctor except that the value for the bin accel main is only
loaded into the exciter synthesizer during the transmitter modulation period. It is primarily used to control
the static PLL characteristics. Tlus will allow adjustment for a maximally flat modulation response near
the cutofi" frequency of the PLL. A value of 0 will provide a minimum current and hence an under-damped
response. A value of 255 will provide the maximum current and hence an over—damped response,
Moduli): A module value of eight sets the synthesizer comparison frequency to eight times that of the
channel spacing (synthesizer step size), A value of five is five times, respectively.
Channel Spacing: (Also referred to as the synthesizer step) As a rule, the oscillator frequency nrust be
integer divisible by the modulo value and then the step size. The step size is usually set to half that of the
channel spacing.
Accel Proportion: Controls the degree of speed up at the onset of P’IT.
Aeeel Integral: Controls the multiplication factor of the accel proportion
For further information, refer to the Philips Semiconductor Data Book for the SA7025DK chip.
Modulation Control
DC—FM uses two-point modulation, and its parameters can be set by the following:
VCO Deviation: The digital pot value sets the modulation level fed to the VCO modulation input. A
value of 0 sets the minimum deviation level. Avalue of 255 sets the maximum deviation level.
Reference Bias: The digital pot value sets the center carrier frequency of the transmitter frequency A
value oft) sets the highest carrier frequency. A value of 255 sets the lowest carrier frequency. A value
44 QRELM Communicafions lnc Rwlslon 1 0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
around 128 is nomrally used. if the value is too high or too low, unsymmetrical modulation distortion
could result due to the limited range of the master reference oscillator,
Reference Level: The digital pot value sets the modulauun level fed to the master reference oscillator. A
value of 0 sets the mimmum deviation level. A value of 255 sets the maximum deviation level. It
primarily is used to set the modulation balance at low frequencies,
Transmit RF Power Output
Transmit Power: The digital pot value sets the RF drive level to the power amplifier, A value of 0 sets
the transmitter power to minimum. Avalue of 255 sets the transmitter power to maximum
CTCSS Control
TX Snbtone: Directly enters the frequency of the transmitter modulation encoder.
Rx Suhtune: Directly enters the frequency for the receiver dander to operate.
TX Snbtone Level: Controls the level of the transmitter modulation encoder. Steps are 0.85dB.
Channel Selection
Three methods are available for channel selection:
1, Sofiware Charmel Select via Utility Program: Ensure that channel 0 is selected on the DIP switch
DIP] located on the micromntroller board (all eight switches in the OFF position). Enter the channel
number in the sofiware select channel window on the Channel Info screen, and press SELECT
2 Sofiware Channel Select via Serial Command: Ensure that channel 0 is selected on the DIP switch
DIPl located on the micro-controller board (all eight switches in the OFF position). Send the string
“chans)QQ(" where XXX = a three-digit number for the channel nrnnber. For example, to select
channel 5, send the string "chansOOS." Baud rate is 9600 BPS.
3. Hardware Channel Select: Select the fixed channel for the S Series by using the DH’ switch DIP]
located on the micro—controller hoard. Channel 1—255 is available inhinary selection. Switch position
1 is channel 1, posrtion 2 is channel 2, position 3 is channel 4, position 4 is channel 8, position 5 is
channel 16, position 6 is channel 32, position 7 is channel 64, and position 8 is channel 128. For
further details of all possible channels, see Appendix C.
Troubleshooting
The most common causes of problems are listed below:
Incorrect parameters set in the S Series utility program such as
1 wrong reference frequency oscillator value,
2 PLL correction factor or bin accel value too low.
3 accel values extreme,
4. channel spacing value not correct, or
5 frequency value not a multiple of the channel spacing / step size.
Other problems may include jumpers or DIP switches in wrong positions
©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 45
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Glossary
3RD OISP Third Order Intercept Point
AUX Auxiliary
BPF Band Pass Filter
BW Bandwidth
CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon
CRO Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
CTCSS Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System
DC Direct Current
DIP Dual Inline Package
EMI Electra Magnetic Interference
FSK Frequency sum Keying
I-IPF High Pass Filter
IC Integrated Circuit
IF Intermediate Frequency
1/0 Input / Output
IMP Jumper
LC tank circuit Resonant circuit consisting of an Inductor and Capacitor network
LED Light Emitting Diode
LPF Low Pass Filter
MMIC Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit
Mobitex Radio messaging system
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
NF Noise Figure
PA Power Amplifier
Pad Circuit board land
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PLL Phase Locked [mp
PPM Gun) Parts Per Million
P'I‘T Push To Talk
POCSAG Post Ofi‘ice Code Standardization Advisory Group
RAM Random Access Memory
RF Radio Frequency
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
RU Rack Unit
Rx Receiver
Simplex Single operation or“ either Transmitter or Receiver
SIN Signal to Noise Ratio
Sqnelch Muted audio signal
SW Switch
TEMP Temperature
TRM Turn Around Mixer
TX Transmitter
UHF Ultra High Frequency
VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
VC-TXCO Voltage Controlled Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
VF Voice Frequency
VFH’ Very High Frequency
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
46 ©RELM Communlcaimns lnc. Reason 1.0
S SERlES USER MANUAL
AppendixA Specifications
Minimum Performance Specification
Minimum performance to exmd the following for 66MHz—960MHz:
ETS 300 086 Jan 1991
FCC Part 90
TlA/EIA-603
BAPT 225 ZV 1/2098 (Gemlan Scfikeying)
CEPT T/R 24-0113 Sept 1988
EC Marking, EC EMC Directive 89/336/EEC
ETS 300 113
m-STD-S lOE
RFS32
TlA/ElA—603
General Specifications
S Series Rack Size: lB-in 2RU Case, 13-111 (360mm) deep inc fan
S Series Overall Physical Size 3.5-in (89mm) high, 13-in (360mm) deep, l9-in (483mm) wide
Weight 1948-le (ng)
Supply Voltage: 13,8V +/A 20%
Power Consumption: <600 mA receive, typical 440 mA
<11A for 50W TX RF
Operating Temperature: —10 to +60 C. —30 to +60 C option
Individual Module Dimensions: Rx & TX W=10(), L=180, H = 30mm
PA W=78, L=300, H = 60mm
Standard LED indicators: Power, Rx, TX, CTCSS, Aux, Alarm
Frequency Range: Coverage 66—960 MHz
Synthesis Method: Non mixing PL
Fractional N synthesizer
Modulation: Direct FM, +/—5 KHz
+1715 KHz narrow band
Channel Spacing: 30 KHz, 25 KHL or 125 KHz
Synthem'zer Step Size: 30, 25, 12.5, 7.5, or 6.25KHZ
Channels: 256 Sofiware or switch selectable
1—99 BCD parallel selection
Frequency Range: Coverage 667960 MHz
QRELM Communications Inc. Revision 1 0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Other frequencies or band allocations available,
Contact Spectra Engineering for details.
Band A
Band B
Band C
Band D
Band B
Band F
Band G
Band H
Band 1
Band I
Band K
Band L
Band M
Band N
Band 0
Band P
Band Q
Band R
Band S
Band T
Band U
Band V
Band W
Band X
66—80 NH-lz
74—88 NEIZ
1357160 MHZ
1557180 MHZ
175—200 MHZ
195—225 MHz
220~250 MHZ
245—275 MHZ
27(P300 MHZ
295—325 MHz
320—350 MHZ
345—375 MHZ
370—400 MHz
395—430 MHZ
425—460 NIHZ
455490 MHZ
485—520 MHZ
805—825 MHZ
8244149 MHZ
850—870 MHZ
872—905 NH‘IZ
89CF915 MHZ
917—950 MHZ
925—960 MHZ
Transmitter Module Specifications
RF Power Output:
Frequency Stability“
Audio Response:
Audio Bandwidth:
Modulation Distortion:
SIN Ratio:
Spurious:
RF Switching Bandwidth
RF Switching Bandwidth PA:
Duty Cycle:
RF Rise Time:
SW to 50W (66-520 NIHZ)
SW to 35W, 50W optional for
13.8V/28V tail(800-960 MHZ)
100W on special request
2.5PPM, 1.5PPMor 1.0PPM
Flat within +/» 0.5dB across BW
Bessel LPF for data or Chebychev LPF
DC(J-X Band) to 3400112 base band
(-0.5dB) 300Hz to 3000Hz for EIA~603
3001-12 to 340092 nominal.
Less than 2% c-weighted.
Better than 50dB, Wide band
Benet than 44dB, minow Band.
Better than -90dBc.
Same as hand allocation.
IOMI-lz nominal, full band useable.
100% for 50W RF cumut with
Thermal controlled fan.
4mS with continuous VCO selected
(Controlled RF envelope).
®RELM Communlefiilnns Inc. Revision 1.0
8 SERIES USER MANUAL
Receiver Module Specifications
Sensitivity“
Selectivity 66-520Ml-lz (Option).
Selectivity 66-520MHz:
Selectivity 805-960MI-lz:
Spurious Resp:
Intennodulation:
Blocking:
Distortion:
S/N Ratio:
RF Switching Bandwidth:
Receiver Front End BW.
Audio Bandwidth:
Squelch Opening Time:
Squelch Closing Time:
Conducted Spurious:
Ancillaries
TX Timer:
VF Level to Linc:
VF level from Line:
Pre-Emphasis Accuracy:
De-Empham's Accuracy:
VF Compressor Range:
Control Outputs:
Alarm Output:
PIT Input
Channel Select:
Repeater Tail Timer:
Better than A117dBm for lZdB (25 KHz spacing ), C-weighted, De-
emphasis‘ Typical ~lZOdBm
More than 80 dB for 25 KHz adj channel, more than 70 dB for 12.5
KHz adj channel, for switching EW lOMHz minimum
More than 75 dB for 25 KHz adj channel, more than 65 dB for 12,5
KHz adj channel, for switching BW same as hand allocation
More than 70 dB for 25 KHz adj channel more than 65 dB for 125
KHz adj channel for switching BW same as hand allocation
Better than 90dB
Better than 80dB
Betterthan lOOdB at +LlMHz point
Less than 2%
Better than 50dB C-weighted, wide band. Better than 440113 C-
weighted, narrow band
IOMHZ minimum or equal to band allocation
Equal to band allocation, no rctuning
DC In 3400Hz (—0 5GB)
ZOmS
lOOmS
Less than -57dBm, typ —90dBm
2 minutes, onlofl‘ selectable
+6 to —15dBm, 600 ohms unbalanced or difl‘erential
+6 to 715dBm, 600 ohms unbalanced
Within +/—0,5dB ofsdB per octave curve
Within +/4.5dB of 61113 per octave curve
>30dB for line input,
1K ohrn 5V source/sink available
Open collector
Logic or owe-isolated +l—5 to 48V
S-way dip switch or 115232 or BCD
2 Worlds nominal
QRELM Communiefillons Inc Revision 1 0
49
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
Appendix B Interface Connections
S Series Rear Chassis Connector Description
Universal DB15 Analog IIO
Pin Number And Description:
Universal Analog I/O DBIS Female Rear Connector
Universal Analog IIO DB15 Male Rear Connector
T if Internal Circuit Board Header SKH Connector
EARTH
Use this eanh for general connection and PTI‘ return. For analog earth and audio
common, use the Analog Earth pin
. RECEIVER AUDIO 6000
Normal receiver audio output from op-amp. Nominal line level is set to -10dBm,
Common retunrto artaiog earth r diii'erentiai udi output pin.
RECEIVER AUDIO 50
» Low- -impedance difierential audio output from op- amp
MUTE / SQUELCH MONITOR
The mute status can be monitored by reading this voltage. 5-volt logic high =
signal received or the mttte is open. Output impedance = 100K!) . Connect to
01C ALARM OUTPUT
The open collector output sinks current to earth when an alarm condition ocutrs.
-, Sartre function as front panel alarm LED. An alarm is generated if the power
§ amplifier is over temperature or if the supply voltage exceeds the defined limits
’ The trip points are selectable via the utility progrant.‘ .. 7 ... ,.
IX DC- FM INPUT
5 Wide band audio or data can be connected to this point To confor-m to transmitter
' bandwidth emissions limits, this input is hard limited to the nominal deviation
and Bessel filtered eBdB @ 3400Hz for rninimtnn group delay. Input impedanoe
I is room. If this input is not used, Jumper it IMP14 on the micro-controller board 1
5 should be removed to avoid any pickup of stray signals or alternatively do not
. connect any wires to this pin. Also avoid the use of ribbon cables longer than 30—
” 50cM nse this can als crosstalk
TX REFLECTED POWE
The voltage from the reflected power directional coupler in the power amplifier
goes directly to this pin. In a correctly terminated load, the voltage should be less
than ZOOmV. Depending on the degree of mismatch at the load, the voltage will
_ rise to approx 34 volts for 50 Watts forward power The internal reflected power
. control circuit also monitors this point so that when the reflected power voltage
i exceeds half that of the forward power voltage, the forward power is then reduced
‘ to about 25% of full power. Full forward power is retin'ned when the reflected
power drops below the trip point mentio The output impedance is about 51m.
TX P'IT
that m ingots “crewman; lew.
5° ©RELM Communications Inc Rewslon 1.0
S SERIES USER MANUAL
, logic outputs or open collector. IMP9 should be in and M8 in posi on 1—2. To 5
change polarity or voltage input also see OPTO PIT IN. Removing JMP9 will
: input the m via the opto coupler.
RX DISCRIMINATOR
The receiver disa-iminator audio output is buffered, unfiltered, and DC-coupled to »
; this 1mm 0mm! impedance is low- . . . . . , V .
f TX OPTO PTT IN
This input is used only if a floating or opto input P'l'l' is required. JMP9 MUST
be removed. Ponfive or negative keying voltage can be applied to the input due in
2 full wave rectifier and opto circuit. For a fully floating difi‘eiential input voltage
f (Jr/75 to +/—48 VDC), set jumper M8 in position 1—2, Putting IMPB in position
2—3 will connectthis point to earth.
TX FORWARD POWER
' The voltage from the forward power directional coupler in the power amplifier
oes directly to this pin. In a correctly terminated load, the voltage should he
bout 3—4 Volts for 50 Watts. The output impedance is about SKQ The imemal
forward power control cirqiitnalso monitorsthis point,
ANALOG EARTH
: The temperature output voltage is proportional to the temperature on the power
_ amplifier heatsink.
f TRANSMIT AUDIO
Transmitter audio input to op-amps etc. Nominal line input level is —10dBnt Can
hair ls t than +10dBm. Commented-m to analog Earth.
The receiver‘s received m'gnal strength indicator voltage is proportional to the log
of the signal level at the antenna input. Voltage range is 075 wlts. Output
impedance is low. Dynamic range > 60dB.
: WIDE BAND TX MODULATION INPUT
Wide band audio or data may be connected to this point. WARNING: To
. conform to transmitter bandwidth ernism'ons limits, the signal MUST be pre-
5 filtered. Failure to do this WILL result in noncompliance of the TX emism’on
This in not uonnalllyuused except in special cases, 4 w > . . ‘ .
©RELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0 51
8 SERIES USER MANUAL
DB25 Digital IIO Connector
Each CMOS logic input is protected by a 10K Ohm series mister to the input of the logic chip. Theme is
also a 10K Ohm pull down resistor at each input so as to default the input value to zero
Each logic output is protected by a 1K Ohm series resistor from the output of the logic chipt
Pin Number and Description:
Digital I/O D325 Female Rear Connector (standard connection)
Digital 1/0 DB25 Male Rear Connector
[7 (— Internal Circuit Board Header SKF Connector
v UT PmiT A Spare a bit Lngc' Input bit 0 v
UT PQRT A Span-c Shit Logic b t 1
NWT PORT A Spare s—b '
i,
» z.
, INPUT PORT A Spare 84m Logic Input bIt 4_ .,
\ INPUT 1?an A “Spare 84m Logic Input bit 5
INPUT PORT A Spare
INPUT PORT A“
INPUT PORT B
crocxlaxu-szn
INPUT PORT B BCD Channel Sclcct Tens hit 0
IUPUT PORT B BCD Channel Select Tens bit I ,. _> _>_
Select Tens bit 2
Select THEM”
M OUTPUT POTTTC Spare 8-b|t_L_o_gic Output bit 0
OUTPUT PORT c Spare S-bit Logic Output bit 1
PORT C pare 8-th Logic Output bit 4
UTPUT P_ l_1_T C Sparc 8 ' gic Output bit 5
OUTPUT PORT 0 Spare 84m Logic Output Int 6
. OUTPUT P Spare 8—_th Logic Output bit 7
NOT CONNECTED
52 QRELM Commumcabons Inc. Revision 10
S SERES USER MANUAL
PC Serial Port-to-Radio Cable
Signal Name DB9 PIN#
TD Transmitted Dawn 2
RD Received Data 3
SG Signal Ground 5
For addmonal information, see the Testing section of this numllal.
GRELM Cnmmunlcatlons Inc. Revision 1.0
53
S SERIES USER MANUAL
Appendix C DIP Switch Settings
DIP Switch 1 Channel Selection
Three methods are available for channel selection (see the S Series Base Station Utility section of this
manual):
Software Channel Select via Utility Program: Ensure that channel 0 is selected on the DIP switch
DIPl located on the micro-controller board (all eight switches in the OFF position). Enter the channel
number in the Snfiware Select Channel windnw on the Channel Info screen and press Select,
Software Channel Select via Serial Command: Ensure that channel 0 is selected on the DHa switch
Dfl’l located on the micro-controller board (all eight switches in the OFF position). Send the string
"chansXXX" where XXX = a three-digit number for the channel number. For example, to select channel
5, send the string I‘tzhan5005." Band rate is 9600 BPS‘
Hardware Channel Select: Select the fixed channel for the S Series by using the DIP switch DIPl
located on the micro-controller board. Channel 17255 is available in binary selection. Switch position 1 is
channel 1, position 2 is channel 2, position 3 is channel 4, pem‘tion 4 is channel 8, Nation 5 is channel
16, pos'ticn 6 is channel 32, position 7 is channel 64, and position 8 is channel 128i
A table of DIP switch 1 setting follows, where a switch ON is indicated by an "x" in a cell and no entry
in a cell represents a switch OFF .
.7. ..
8 p x
9 x ”x
, x ‘
x x
1 x x .
x x . .
X.
x x
x x
x x
x x
54 ©RELM Cummunicafions Inc. Revtswn LO
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
55
QRELM Communications Inc. Revision 1.0
S SER|ES USER MANUAL
spa-129454
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129
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56 ©RELM Communications ‘ncA Revwsion L0
8 SERIES USER MANUAL
132
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WELM Communicatmns Inc. Ruvision 1.0 57
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
135 ‘
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©RELM Communicaflnns Inc Revision 1.0
58
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
59
QRELM Communications Inc Revision 1.0
5 SERIES USER MANUAL
DIP Switch 2 User Function Select
bestripti
PTT Dehy
Inserts a IOOmS delay for the transmitter RF rise time, Must be
selected when using a coaxial simplex changeover relay to prevent
switching RF power,
Switch 2 Simplex On
: Selects simplex mode ofopexatmn.
’ Switch 3 TX Timer On
Transmitter is disabled afler 2 minutes ccntinuuus use.
Switch 4 Repeater On
Selects automatic receiver-to—uansmjlter repeater function, The
5 transmitter will also have a 2-second “lung time,"
Switch 5 TX VCO Cont
Enables the transmitter VCO to cperate continuously in “hot
stanflbyf’ mode. This spwds up the transmitter rise time to 4mS.
Cami : Low-level signal leakage can atfect the performance of
the receiver i! the transmitter is on the same frequency.
TX FSK
Generates an FSK test Sign? Not ncrmgllx .
so ®RELM Communicatluns Inc. Revisim 1 0
Appendix D
S SERIES USER MANUAL
Model # Configuration Guide
Rev 1.3 13 October 1997. Consult Spectra for availability details on specific configurations and options.
TX POWER
M 3 5 Watts
H 50 Watts
V 100 Watts
CHANNEL ALLOC
N 12.5 KHz
W 25 KHz
FREQ STABILITY
1 1.0PPM (—30m 60°C)
2 15PPM (—10m 60°C)
3 2,5PPM (—30to 60°C)
S Series m El
©RELM Communicallans Int: Revision 1.0
Insert 2 for
Nil item
TX FREQ RX FREQ
Band RF CONFIGURATION
A 66—80 MHz D Duplex
B 70—88 MHz 8 Simplex
C 135—160 MHz
C2 138—149 MHZ
D 155—180 MHZ -
D2 159—166 MHz FRONT PANEL
D3 148474 MHZ 5 Standard
E 175—200 MHz C Custom
F 195—225 NH'IZ
G 22(F250 MHz
H 245—275 MHZ
I 27(L300 MHz OPTION
12 276—284 MHZ K 320—3 50 MHZ
I 295—325 MHZ S Special Version
L 345—375 MHz C CTCSS Enc & Dec
M 370—400 MHZ D Digital Modulator
N 395—430 MHz 4 4 Level FSK Modems
N2 400—435 MHZ F FFSK Modems
0 425—460 MHz T Self Test Local Loopback
P 455—490 MHZ
P2 450—485 MHZ
Q 485—520 MHZ Notes:
Q2 500—532 MHZ
R 805—825 MHZ 1. Band C2, D2, and 12 for digital TX only
S 824—849 Nfl-lz 2 Band Q2 receive only
T 850—870 MHz 3. 100 Watts on special application only
U 872—905 MHz
V 890—915 NEl-Iz
W 917—950 MHZ
X 925A960 MHz
61
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