Raveon Technologies orporated RV-M7-UC StingRay UHF Band Data Radio Modem User Manual
Raveon Technologies, Incorporated StingRay UHF Band Data Radio Modem
User Manual
StingRay RV-M7-UC
Technical Manual
Version A0
September 2007
Raveon Technologies Corporation
2780 La Mirada Drive, Suite C
Vista, CA 92081
www.raveontech.com
Table of Contents
1. General Information about the StingRay........................................................4
1.1. Congratulations!........................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. NOTICE ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3. Safety / Warning Information ....................................................................................................... 4
1.4. Safety Training information: ......................................................................................................... 4
1.5. FCC Compliance Information....................................................................................................... 6
2. Overview........................................................................................................7
2.1. Features....................................................................................................................................... 7
3. Specifications.................................................................................................8
3.1. General ........................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2. Transmitter................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3. Receiver....................................................................................................................................... 8
3.4. User Input and Output Signals..................................................................................................... 9
3.5. Model Numbers............................................................................................................................ 9
4. Electrical Inputs and Outputs.......................................................................10
4.1. LEDs...........................................................................................................................................10
4.2. DC Power ...................................................................................................................................10
4.3. EIA-485/RS-485 Serial I/O..........................................................................................................12
4.4. RS422/EIA-422 Serial I/O Connector..........................................................................................13
4.5. Low Power Mode (LPM) .............................................................................................................14
5. User Serial Port Commands ........................................................................16
5.1. Overview.....................................................................................................................................16
5.2. Command Mode .........................................................................................................................16
5.3. Setting a Parameter....................................................................................................................16
5.4. Reading a Parameter..................................................................................................................18
5.5. CONFIG Button...........................................................................................................................18
5.6. Exiting the Command Mode........................................................................................................19
5.7. Restoring Factory Defaults .........................................................................................................19
5.8. Command Mode Commands ......................................................................................................20
5.9. Factory Default Settings..............................................................................................................23
6. Using the StingRay Modem – Packet Mode ................................................25
6.1. Setup ..........................................................................................................................................26
6.2. Programming Channels and Frequencies...................................................................................27
6.3. Data Transmission......................................................................................................................28
6.4. Data Reception ...........................................................................................................................29
6.5. Addressing (Packetized Mode only)............................................................................................30
6.6. Error Correction ..........................................................................................................................33
6.7. Store-and-Forward Repeating and Routing ................................................................................34
Using the StingRay Modem – Streaming Mode ..................................................37
6.8. Streaming Mode Operation.........................................................................................................37
6.9. Baud Rate Selection ...................................................................................................................46
6.10. Bit Errors.....................................................................................................................................46
6.11. Carrier Detect..............................................................................................................................46
6.12. Serial Data Flow Control.............................................................................................................47
7. Installation....................................................................................................48
8. FCC Licensing Information ..........................................................................48
8.1. Setting the Over-The-Air Data Rate............................................................................................50
8.2. Debug Related Commands.........................................................................................................51
9. StingRay Diagnostic Provisions...................................................................52
9.1. Overview of Diagnostics .............................................................................................................52
9.2. Reading the Diagnostic Information............................................................................................52
9.3. Status and Statistics Command..................................................................................................52
9.4. ATST Command .........................................................................................................................54
9.5. ATST2 Command .......................................................................................................................54
9.6. ATST3 Command .......................................................................................................................55
9.7. ATST4 Command .......................................................................................................................55
9.8. AutoStatus ..................................................................................................................................55
10. Tune-up and Alignment............................................................................57
10.1. Periodic Calibration.....................................................................................................................57
10.2. Center Frequency .......................................................................................................................57
10.3. TX Deviation ...............................................................................................................................57
10.4. TX Modulation Balance...............................................................................................................58
10.5. RX Carrier Detect........................................................................................................................58
11. SkyLine Compatibility...............................................................................60
11.1. General .......................................................................................................................................60
11.2. Configuring StingRay to Communicate with a SkyLine...............................................................60
12. Antenna Information.................................................................................60
13. Appendix A. Serial Port Hardware..........................................................62
13.1. Serial Port Data and Handshaking Signals .................................................................................62
13.2. Null modem without handshaking ...............................................................................................64
13.3. Compatibility issues ....................................................................................................................64
13.4. Null modem with full handshaking...............................................................................................65
13.5. Compatibility issues ....................................................................................................................65
14. Troubleshooting .......................................................................................66
Symptom: Unit will not receive.............................................................................................................66
Symptom: Unit will not transmit ...........................................................................................................66
Symptom: Receive light blinks, but no data is received.......................................................................66
Symptom: Long delay before transmitting ...........................................................................................67
Symptom: Modified parameters are lost at power-up ..........................................................................67
Symptom: Cannot enter Command Mode ...........................................................................................67
Symptom: Modem appears dead.........................................................................................................67
15. Mechanical...............................................................................................68
1. General Information about the StingRay
1.1. Congratulations!
Congratulations on your purchase of a StingRay radio modem – the most
advance UHF radio modem available today.
Please take a few minutes to read this manual carefully. The information
presented here will allow you to derive maximum performance from your radio
modem. After reading it, keep the manual handy for quick reference, in case
questions arise later on.
1.2. NOTICE
Besides the fuse, there are no user-serviceable points inside this transceiver.
All service work must be referred to your Authorized Service Center or
Raveon Technologies Service Department.
1.3. Safety / Warning Information
WARNING - DO NOT operate theRV-M7-U radio modem when bystanders
are within 2 feet (.6 meters) of the antenna.
Blasting Caps and Blasting Areas
To avoid possible interference with blasting operations, turn off this radio or
remove the DC power when you are near electrical blasting caps, in a
blasting area, or in areas posted: “Turn off two-way radio.” Obey all signs
and instructions.
Potentially Explosive Atmospheres
Turn off your radio prior to entering any area with a potentially explosive
atmosphere. Do not install this product for use in areas with potentially
explosive atmospheres. Do not remove, install, or charge batteries in such
areas. Sparks in a potentially explosive atmosphere can cause an explosion
or fire resulting in bodily injury or even death.
Note: The areas with potentially explosive atmospheres referred to above include fueling
areas such as below decks on boats, fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities, areas
where the air contains chemicals or particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders, and any
other area where you would normally be advised to turn off your vehicle engine. Areas with
potentially explosive atmospheres are often but not always posted.
1.4. Safety Training information:
Antennas used for this transmitter must not exceed an antenna gain of 0 dBd.
The radio modem must be used in fixed vehicle-mount configurations or at
fixed base-station sites. It is not intended for portable applications.
This radio is restricted to occupational use, work related operations only
where the radio operator must have the knowledge to control the exposure
conditions of its passengers and bystanders by maintaining the minimum
separation distance of following range. Failure to observe these restrictions
may result in exceeding the FCC RF exposure limits.
Antenna Installation:
For rear deck trunk installation, the antenna must be located at least the
following range away from rear seat passengers and bystanders in order to
comply with the FCC RF exposure requirements.
For model RV-M7-UC-x:
Radiated frequency and Distance
RV-M7-UC (450-480MHz 5 watts)
1.97 Feet (0.6 m)
FCC ID: SRS-RV-M7-UC
Raveon Technologies Corporation
For vehicular roof top installation, the antenna must be placed in the center of
the roof.
1.5. FCC Compliance Information
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
NOTE: The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio or TV interference
caused by unauthorized modifications to this equipment. Such modifications
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
This product also complies with FCC Part 22, 90 and Part 95 Subpart J of the
FCC rules and regulations.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), with its action in ET Docket
93-62, has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to Radio
Frequency (RF) electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC-certified equipment.
This product meets the uncontrolled environmental limits as stated in OET-
65C (01-01) when operated in accordance with the operation guidelines
described in this manual. Proper operation of this radio device according to
the instructions in this publication will result in user exposure substantially
below the FCC recommended limits.
This equipment generates, uses, and radiates radio frequency energy, and if
not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur. If
this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which
can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to correct the interference by one of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from which the receiver is
connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician.
2. Overview
The StingRay RF data radio is a rugged high-performance, high-speed
narrow-band data modem. It contains a receiver, a transmitter, and modem,
creating an easy-to-use transparent data radio link. The StingRay’s user
interface is asynchronous RS-232 data into and out of the StingRay (CMOS
level optional). Modem operation is virtually transparent to the user and the
configuration of the modem is via the user serial port.
Unlike any other radio modem on the market, the StingRay may be operated
in either a “Packetized Mode” or a “Streaming Real-Time Mode”. There are
advantages to each approach, and your choice depends upon how your
system operates.
For privacy and network versatility, the StingRay incorporates a 16 bit
identification code. Its protocol also uses a 16bit CRC to guarantee the
integrity of the data. Perfect for SCADA and telemetry applications, the
StingRay can be used for simple point-to-point data communication
applications, or for more sophisticated point-to-multipoint, peer-to-peer, or
mesh networks.
Although the StingRay is the easiest to use modem on the market, its re-
programmability makes it extremely versatile. Most parameters within the
modem may be re-configured to optimize it for specialized operations,
extended range, or higher data throughput.
2.1. Features
• High-speed over the air data rates. 19200bps in 25kHz channel, 9600bps in 12.5kHz.
• Built-in radio transceiver with integrated modem
• Easy to use. Plug-in, Turn-on, and GO. Transmit data in = Receive data out.
• Lowest current draw in industry.
• Wide input voltage with high-efficiency switching voltage regulator.
• Integrated Packet data protocol and built-in Streaming Real-Time operation.
• ARQ error correction and retransmission capability. Totally transparent to the application.
• Capable of store-and-forward repeating operation.
• Small sized and very rugged extruded enclosure.
• 16 bit addressing for up to 65,525 different unique device addresses per channel
• Supports group and broadcast transmissions. Network mask allows groups of any size.
• 2 watts of RF output. Other RF power levels available upon request.
• Easily configured using “AT” commands
• Very fast Transmit-to-Receive turn around time.
• RS-232 serial input and output. Programmable serial baud rates up to 57600.
• Programmable over-the-air data rates for long-range or high-speed
• Automatic key of transmitter on data.
• RF carrier-detect is not required receiving. No squelch setting required.
• SkyLine and FireLine compatibility mode for use in older Sonik radio systems.
3. Specifications
3.1. General
All measurements made per TIA-603-B
Frequency: Model RV-M7-VA-N (Export only) .................................................................. 136 - 150MHz
Model RV-M7-VB-N........................................................................................ 148 - 174MHz
Model RV-M7-UC-N ...................................................................................... 450 – 480MHz
Model RV-M7-UA-N (export only).................................................................. 403 – 434MHz
Size ..........................................................................................................3.0D X 3.76W X 1.40H
Weight ................................................................................................................. 6 ounces (0.17kg)
DC input voltage 10-16V DC
Typical current draw, receiving, over-the-air rates < 4800bps ............................................................... <80mA
Typical current draw, receiving, over-the-air rates >= 4800bps ............................................................. <90mA
Current draw when transmitting data ............................................................<1.5A max, 1.2A typical at 2watts
....................................................................................................................<2.5A at 5watts
Low Power Mode standby current (AT command)................................................................................ <30mA
Sleep Mode standby current (hardware control) ...................................................................................... <1mA
Frequency stability .............................................................................................................................. ±1.5ppm
Over-the-air baud rates (programmable) ..................................... 1200, 2400, 4800, 5142, 8000, 9600, 19200
Internal data buffers (transmit and receive).................................................................................... >2000 bytes
Operating temperature range............................................................-30ºC to +60ºC (-30ºC to +80ºC storage)
TX-RX and RX-TX turn-around time ........................................................................................................ <3mS
Power on time to operational ............................................................................................................... <500mS
LPM Standby to operational................................................................................................................... <20mS
Internal fuse ............... 3A mini blade. Littlefuse part number 0297003 or Raveon part, number 1X726-3
FCC ID Model RV-M7-UC-N ....................................................................................SRS-RV-M7-UC
Model RV-M7-VB-N..................................................................................... SRS-RV-M7-VB
All other models for export or OEM use
3.2. Transmitter
Maximum RF power output.............................................................................................................. ½ - 5 watts
Maximum duty cycle ..................................................................................................100% at 2W, 25% at 5W
Maximum transmit frequency deviation..............................................................................................± 2.25kHz
Occupied bandwidth ...............................................................................................11 kHz (12.5kHz channels)
....................................................................................................15.3kHz (25kHz channels)
TX spurious outputs............................................................................................................................ < -70dBc
Emissions designator..........................................................................................11K0F1D (12.5kHz channels)
..................................................................................................15K3F1D (25kHz channels)
3.3. Receiver
Typical RX sensitivity (1% BER)
19200bps, 4-level, 25kHz channel ......................................................................... -108dBm
9600bps, 4-level, 12.5kHz channel ........................................................................ -109dBm
4800bps, 2-level..................................................................................................... -115dBm
2400bps.................................................................................................................. -116dBm
1200 ....................................................................................................................... -118dBm
No-tune bandwidth................................................................................................................................. 20MHz
RX selectivity .........................................................................................-50dB (12.5kHz channel spacing)
............................................................................................-65dB (25kHz channel spacing)
Spurious and image rejection................................................................................................................... -70dB
RX intermodulation rejection.................................................................................................................... -70dB
Conducted spurious emissions ........................................................................................................... <-53dBm
3.4. User Input and Output Signals
Serial port baud rates............................................................... 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600
Voltage levels ....................................................................RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 complaint levels
Modem handshake signals ..................................................................................... RTS, CTS, DTR, DSR, CD
RF I/O ......................................................................................................................... 50 ohm BNC
Power .............................................................................................................B+ input and Ground
Power Connector ....................................................................... Phoenix 18 36 18 9 ( Raveon P/N 1J165-3 )
3.5. Model Numbers
The model number of the StingRay modem identifies its operating frequency
band, rf power level, and bandwidth. The models are:
RV-M7-ab-c where:
a = The band (V=136-174MHz, U=406-512MHz)
b = Sub band (A,B,C,…)
c = Channel Spacing (N=12.5kHz, W=25kHz, S=25kHz SkyLine compatible)
Other frequency bands, power levels, and channel spacings are available.
Contact the factory for your specific needs.
Sub-Bands
Sub-Band
Letter VHF (RV-M7-V…) UHF (RV-M7-U…)
A 132-150MHz 403-434MHz
B 150-174MHz 435-451MHz
C 450-480MHz
4. Electrical Inputs and Outputs
The front panel of the StingRay modem has these features:
1. RF connector
2. Power LED
3. Status LED (Receive data = green, TX = red)
4. 9-Pin Serial I/O connector
5. DC Power Jack
4.1. LEDs
The status LED visually show the current status of the radio.
Status LED (TX) This LED blinks red when the transmitter keys and is
putting out RF power. It blinks green upon the reception of data or RF carrier.
Power LED (PWR) This LED does a short blink, once every two seconds,
indicating to the user that the power to the modem is ON and the modem is
working. When the modem is in the command mode, this LED will blink on
and off, once per second.
4.2. DC Power
DC power for the modem is connected to the 2-pin DC power input jack
labeled DC IN. Use the supplied cable to connect the DC power. The red
wire is positive (+) and the black wire is negative (-). Its connection is
optional, as the user may alternately apply power to Pin 9 and ground to pin 5
of the 9-pin I/O connector.
The StingRay modem is supplied with a DC power cable, Raveon part
number 1C738-1.
RS232/EIA232 Serial I/O Connector
The RS232 9-pin serial I/O connector is a female 9-pin D-subminiature
connector having the following pins configuration. It is pinned out so that it
may be plugged directly into a computer or PC’s 9-pin COM port.
Front-view of DB-9 connector on modem (female)
Pin Name Dir Function Level / Specification
1 CD out Carrier detect If enabled, indicates presence of carrier.
Logical 0 (+ voltage on RS-232) means carrier
is present. If disabled, it is asserted (0)
whenever the modem is operational, and not in
the configuration mode. It will be a 1 when the
modem is in the configuration mode.
2 RxD out Receive data Data out of the modem.
3 TxD in Transmit data Data into the modem.
4 DTR in Data terminal
ready Normally ignored by the StingRay modem. May
control the power-state of the modem in low-
power mode if this feature is enabled.
5 GND Ground
connection Signal and power ground
6 DSR
out Data Set Ready Normally is set to 0 when modem is powered on
and running. Modem sets to a 1 when in low-
power mode.
7 RTS in Request to send Used to stop/start the flow of data coming out of
the modem TxD pin. 0 = OK to send, 1 = don’t
send. Leave disconnected if not used.
8 CTS
out
Clear to send
Used to stop the flow of data going into the RxD
pin from the device connected to the StingRay.
0 = OK to send, 1 = don’t send. If the StingRay
cannot accept more data, it will negate this
signal (set to a 1).
9 Power
In/out DC power (not
Ring signal) User may supply the DC power to the modem
on this pin.
Note: RS-232 signals use positive and negative voltages to represent digital 1s and 0s. A positive
voltage is a 0, and a negative voltage is a digital 1.
This pin-out allows it to be directly plugged into a computer’s 9-pin serial port
using a conventional 9-pin RS-232 serial cable. To connect it to a modem, or
computer peripheral that has a serial port, you will need a “null-modem”
cable. See Appendix A for more information on wiring a null-modem cable.
To configure the StingRay modem for RS-232 operation, use the ATIO 0
command. RS-232 is the default operation mode for the connector. RS-485
is a factor option. See the next section for details on the RS-485 option.
4.3. EIA-485/RS-485 Serial I/O
RS-485 Connector Pin Out
With the RS-485 enabled (ATIO 2 command), the 9-pin serial I/O connector
on the front of the StingRay is a female 9-p D-subminiature connector having
the following pins configuration.
Front-view of DB-9 connector on modem (female)
Pin # Name Dir Function Level / Specification
1 - Do not connect Do not connect this pin to anything.
2 - Do not connect Do not connect this pin to anything.
3 B (-) I/O B Inverting RS-485 line
4 A (+) I/O A Non-inverting RS-485 line
5 GND Ground Connect to earth ground.
6 - Do not connect Do not connect this pin to anything.
7 Out + out Do not connect Internal connection to pin 4
8 In - in Do not connect Internal connection to pin 3
9 Vin In/Out DC Power DC Power in or out if unit is powered using DC in
jack.
The RS485 differential line consists of two pins, A and B.
A TxD-/RxD- aka inverting pin which is negative (compared to B) when the
line is idle.
B TxD+/RxD+ aka non-inverting pin which is positive (compared to A)
when the line is idle.
Configuring
To configure the StingRay modem for RS-485 operation, use the ATIO x
command. ATIO 2 sets the serial port for standard RS-485, full duplex. ATIO
3 sets the serial port for RS-485 simplex mode. In most cases, simplex is
preferred (ATIO 3 ). In simplex RS-485 mode, the StingRay’s serial data
receiver is internally disabled whenever it sends a character out the serial
port, so that it will not receive its own data. You must order the RS-485
option for this to work, and only modems with Revision E or higher hardware
can work in RS-485 mode. For most application use the RS485 simplex
mode, ATIO 3. If you are using two StingRay modems with RS485 on both
units, you must use the simplex RS485 mode instead of the duplex RS485
mode, or the modems will enter an infinite loop-back condition.
Raveon’s RS-485 I/O circuit uses 3.3V logic to drive the lines, and the RS485
pins are ESD protected to ±15kV and 7kV human body model. Input current
is less than 150uA. Output current when not driving the line is less than
50uA.
Bias and Termination Resistors
RS-485 installations typically have a termination resistor across the A and B
lines. For low-speed operation (<57600 baud), this resistor is probably not
necessary. If you wish to use a terminating resistor, a value of 150 ohms
should work in most applications.
These A/B pin names are all in use on various types of equipment. The
RS485 signaling specification states that signal A is the inverting or '-' pin and
signal B is the non-inverting or '+' pin. The same naming is specified in the
NMEA standards.
When an RS-485 network is in an idle state, all nodes are in listen (receive)
mode. Under this condition there are no active drivers on the network. All
drivers are tri-stated. Without anything driving the network, the state of the A
and B line is unknown. If the voltage level at the receiver's A and B inputs is
less than ±200mV the logic level at the output of the receivers will be the
value of the last bit received. In order to maintain the proper idle voltage
state, bias resistors must be applied to force the data lines to the idle
condition.
StingRay RS-485 receivers have built-in bias resistors, offering the network a
true “1/8 unit load”. In most allocations, these internal bias resistors are
sufficient, and an external bias resistor is not required.
4.4. RS422/EIA-422 Serial I/O Connector
The RS422 9-pin serial I/O connector is a female 9-p D-subminiature
connector having the following pins configuration.
Front-view of DB-9 connector on modem (female)
Pin # Name Dir Function Level / Specification
1 NC - Do not connect Do not connect this pin.
2 NC - Do not connect Do not connect this pin.
3 OUT - out TX out - 0, 3.3V. Inverted version of pin 7.
4 IN + in RX input +
5 GND Ground Connect to earth ground.
6 NC - Do not connect Do not connect this pin.
7 Out + out TX out + 3.3,0V.
8 In - in RX input -
9 Vin
In/Out DC Power DC Power in or out if unit is powered using DC in
jack.
Configuring for RS-422
To configure the StingRay modem for RS-422 operation, use the ATIO 4
command. You must order the RS-422 option for this to work, and only
StingRay modems with Revision E or higher hardware will work in RS-422
mode. The StingRay’s hardware is identical to the RS-485 version, with the
exception of two internal loop-back resistors.
Raveon’s RS-422 I/O circuit uses 3.3V logic to drive the lines, and the RS422
pins are ESD protected to ±15kV and 7kV human body model.
RS-422 installations typically have a termination resistor across the In and the
Out lines. A value of 150 ohms should work in most applications.
Bias and Termination Resistors
StingRay RS-422 receivers have built-in bias resistors, offering the network a
true “1/8 unit load”. In most allocations, these internal bias resistors are
sufficient, and an external bias resistor is not required.
Serial out data comes out pins 3 and 7. Serial input data comes in via pins 4
and 8. Connect pin 5 to earth ground.
StingRay RS-422 receivers have built-in bias resistors, offering the network a
true “1/8 unit load”. In most allocations, these internal bias resistors are
sufficient, and an external bias resistor is not required.
4.5. Low Power Mode (LPM)
The StingRay modem, has the ability to be put into a low power mode (LPM).
In LPM the modem draws much less current from the DC input. In LPM, the
internal radio in the StingRay is disabled, as well as certain current-
consuming hardware circuits. The ability of the StingRay to go into LPM is
set with a configuration bit, using the ATRP 1 command. ATRP 1 configures
the StingRay to monitor the DTR input line, and enter the LPM mode
whenever DTR is negated. If the DTR signal is asserted, the StingRay
modem will operate normally.
The ATRP 2 command forces the StingRay modem into the low-power mode.
IN the Low Power mode, the StingRay’s radio circuits are off, but it will still
respond to serial commands and it will still transmit characters over the air,
albeit with some latency as it has to power-up the radio each time it wishes to
transmit.
The ATRP 0 command returns the StingRay modem into the normal-
operating mode with the receiver and transmitter operational.
The StingRay can switch between LPM and normal mode using the DTR line,
and it switches much faster than using the DC power supply. The StingRay
takes about ½ of a second to power on when DC is applied, but can switch
between normal and LPM in about 25milliseconds.
The factory default value for the ATRP setting is 0. When ATRP is a zero,
the StingRay will not ever enter the LPM mode, and the DTR input signal is
ignored.
DTR negated means it is a negative voltage. A voltage less than zero volts
applied to DTR will turn the StingRay off by putting it into LPM.
To assert the DTR signal (turn the modem on), the DTR line must be high (>
3V). DTR is an input to an RS-232 transceiver IC. It is ESD protected, and
is safe for voltages from –20V to +20V input.
5. Serial Port Commands
5.1. Overview
Only trained radio technicians are allowed to modify the settings in this
product. The serial port the RF modem is used to send and receive data over
the air, as well as to configure the RF modem. In normal operation, the user
sends data into the TxD pin of the user port, and this data is transmitted over
the air. Received data from another RF modem is output to the user via the
RxD pin of the user port. This is the default operating condition of the RF
modem. No special characters, hardware control lines, or timing is required
to operate the StingRay modem.
There is also a “Command Mode” used to program and configure the
StingRay. In the Command Mode, the StingRay modem accepts commands
via the serial port TxD pin. The commands can be used to change certain
internal parameters of the StingRay modem as well as to read-out the current
configuration and diagnostic statistics.
5.2. Command Mode
The StingRay modem may be put into a “Command Mode”, by entering a
sequence of three plus characters (+++). To keep the StingRay modem from
unintentionally entering the Command Mode because of the +++ pattern
occurring in a stream of data entering the modem, there must be a pause in
the data stream before the +++ as well as a pause after the +++ is sent. If
either pause is missing, the modem will not enter the command mode.
Using serial communications software such as HypterTerminal, send the 3-
character command sequence “+++” while observing times of silence before
[BT (Silence Before Sequence) Command] and after [AT (Silence After
Sequence) Command] the command characters. The default BT and AT
times are 500mS.
The default sequence for entering into AT Command Mode:
1. No characters sent for ½ a second.
2. Input three (3) plus characters (“+++”) within ½ of a second.
3. No characters sent for ½ a second.
When the StingRay modem first enters the Command Mode, it sends the
phrase “StingRay” out it serial port, and then an “OK” sequence. The “OK”
sequence is a sequence of 4 characters:
An “O”, “K”, <CR>, and <LF> characters (<CR> = ASCII 0D, <LF> = ASCII 0A)
5.3. Setting a Parameter
To set a parameter in the StingRay modem, enter the Command Mode as
described above. Then enter the proper AT command, a space, the
parameter, and then a carriage return. For Example, to set the address of the
StingRay modem to 1234, enter the following command:
ATDT 1234 <CR>.
Once a Parameter is changed, the modem will begin using the new
parameter as soon as it exits the Command Mode and returns to its normal
operation mode. If the new parameter was saved to non-volatile memory
using the ATSV command, then the new parameter will be used as well the
next time the StingRay modem is powered on.
If a parameter is changed, but the ATSV command is not issued, the new
parameter is used to operate the modem, but when power is turned off and
back on, upon powering up, the StingRay will revert back to the previously
saved parameter value. If parametric changes are to be permanent, always
issue the ATSV command after all parameter changes have been made.
5.4. Reading a Parameter
To read the value of a particular setting, issue the command, with no
parameter. The modem will return the value followed by an “OK”. The
modem’s OK response is:
The value in ASCII decimal format.
A <CR> <LF> (<CD> = ASCII 0D, <LF> = ASCII 0A).
An “O”, “K”, <CR>, and <LF> sequence.
For example, if the user enters the command to read the StingRay’s modem
address and its address was 1234, the user would issue the following
command:
ATDT<cr>
and the modem will respond with:
1234 <CR> <LF> OK <CR> <LF>
To get on-line help with a command, enter the command and put a question
mark in for the parameter. For example, to see what the ATDT command is
for, type ATDT ?. The modem will respond by listing a brief description of the
command. To see a list of all commands, type HELP.
5.5. CONFIG Button
If certain parameters within the modem are modified in a manor that causes
the modem to cease functioning or if the user cannot enter the command
mode via the “+++” method described above, there is a small push button
internal to the StingRay modem to assist in this case. This CONFIG button
may be pressed at any time, and forces the modem into a known operational
state. The CONFIG button is located inside the modem. Remove the rear
cover, exposing the two circuit boards. The button is in the center of the
lower circuit board as shown below.
The default settings that the modem will revert to when the CONFIG button is
pressed are:
1. Serial port 9600 baud, 8 data bits 1 stop, no parity
2. ATCT setting set to 60000 (60 second time-out)
3. Serial port on the front of the unit in RS232 mode, 9600bps, N/8/1.
If the unit was configured for RS-485, RS-422, or Ethernet, you must
disconnect other devices and use an RS-232 device to configure the
StingRay.
Even though the serial baud rate reverts to 9600 baud when the CONFIG
button is pressed and the IO port is RS232, it will revert back to the settings
programmed into the StingRay modem once the Command Mode is exited.
5.6. Exiting the Command Mode
There are three ways to exit the command mode. They are:
1. ATSV Issuing the ATSV command saves the current configuration to non-
volatile memory, and then returns to the normal operation mode.
2. ATCN Issuing the ATCN command does not save the current
configuration, but it does cause the modem to continue to operate. If
changes to the configuration were done in the Command mode, these
changes will be used in operation, but they are not be saved to non-volatile
memory. The next time the modem is powered down and back up, the
modem will operate with the previously saved settings.
3. Time Out. After a pre-set amount of time (60 seconds is the factory
default time), the modem will automatically exit the Command Mode, and
continue normal operation. Changes will not automatically be saved. This
time-out duration may be set with the ATCT command.
5.7. Restoring Factory Defaults
The AT&F command may be used to restore the modem back to the factory-
default condition. Use this command with caution, as it will erase all
previously configured parameters. It will cause the modem to revert back to
the factory-defaults, as shown in the command table, “Factory Default”
column. The only parameters that it does not restore to default are the radio
type and radio calibration values R0-R9, and RA. This is so that the user
may restore defaults, and not have to re-calibrate the radio.
To erase ALL parameters, including the radio type and radio calibration, issue
the AT&F 123 command. There should not be any reason do this command,
because it will require the radio to be re-calibrated per the factory alignment
procedure.
Company Confidential 20 Raveon Technologies Corp.
5.8. Command Mode Commands
AT
Command Command Description Parameters Factory
Default
AK Enable/Disable ARQ – When ARQ is enabled, this modem
will automatically send an ACK packet back to a modem that
sends it data. 0=off, 1=on. Range: 0 – 1 0 (no AKCs
sent)
AS Auto Status Report Interval– Sets the time between auto
status reports. Time is in minutes. 0 means disabled. Range: 0 –56000
(minutes) 0 (Off)
AT Silence AFTER Sequence - Sets period of silence after the
command sequence characters in mS. Range:0 – 1000
(mS) 500
BD
Baud Rate – Sets serial com port baud rate (bps). Over-the-
air (throughput) baud rate is set with ATR2 command.
If a PC’s serial baud rate is set higher than the fixed over-the-
air baud rate of the module, hardware handshaking may be
required.
Range: 0 – 6
0 = 1200 bps
1 = 2400
2 = 4800
3 = 9600
4 = 19200
5 = 38400
6 = 57600
3
BC Busy Channel Lock Out – Enable/disable the BCL. If
enabled, the modem will not transmit on a radio channel that
is busy (has RF on if). 0-OFF, 1=ON. Range: 0-1 0
BT Silence BEFORE Sequence – Sets period of silence before
the command sequence character in mS. Range: 0-1000
mS 500
CH
Configure Hardware Flow Control – Enable (1) or disable
(0) flow control. When enabled, the modem will monitor the
RTS line, and if it is negated, stop sending data out the serial
port. If disabled, the modem will ignore the state of RTS, and
always send out charators.
1 = Enable
0 = Disable 0
CN Exit AT Command Mode – Exits module from AT Command
Mode and returns it to Idle Mode. Parameters are not saved
in EEPROM. none none
CT
Time Out from AT Command Mode – If no valid commands
have been received within this time period (in milliseconds),
modem returns to normal operation mode from Command
mode. If the CONFIG button inside the StingRay is pressed,
this parameter will be automatically set to 60000.
Range: 100-60000mS 60000
DT Destination Address to call– Sets address of the modem to
send data to. Note, this parameter is entered in HEX format.
Each digit may be a 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,or an F. Range: 0-FFFF 1234
E Echo – Character echo set on (E1) or off (E0). This applies to
the Command Mode only. Range: 0 , 1 0 (no echo)
F Display frequencies – Display all of the frequencies
programmed into all of the channel memories. N/A
FT
Transmit Frequency – Program the transmit frequency for
this channel. Enter in Hz or in MHz. The frequency will
automatically be saved in non-volatile memory (flash) for this
current channel number.
Range: See product data
sheet. For MURS products,
frequency cannot be changed.
See
product
data sheet.
Company Confidential 21 Raveon Technologies Corp.
FR
Receive Frequency – Program the receive frequency for this
channel. Enter in Hz or MHz. The frequency will
automatically be saved in non-volatile memory (flash) for this
current channel number.
Range: See product data
sheet. For MURS products,
frequency cannot be changed.
See
product
data sheet.
FX
TX and RX Frequency – Program the receive and transmit
frequency for this channel. Enter in Hz or MHz. Same as
issuing an ATFR and an ATFT command. The frequency will
automatically be saved in non-volatile memory (flash) for this
current channel number.
Range: See product data
sheet. N/A
HP Channel Number – Select separate channels to minimize
interference between multiple sets of modules operating in the
same vicinity. Range: 1 - 6 1
IO Configure the I/O The proper hardware option must be
installed in the modem. All StingRay modems support RS-232
mode.
Range: 0 - 5 0=RS232
1=Ethernet 2=RS485 dup
3=RS485 simplx 4=RS422
5=GPS
0
L Enable/Disable the LEDs – 1 = LEDs always off. This
reduces some power consumption. 0 = LED operate normally. 0 or 1 0
MA
Monitor Address – – Configures the address that status
transmissions are sent to. Only used if Auto Status is enabled.
Each digit may be a 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,or F. Note:
FF is interpreted as a group. See addressing section.
Range: 0000 - FFFF FFFF
MK Address Mask – Configures local and global address space.
Each digit may be a 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,or F. In
most applications, this is kept at FFFF. Range: 0000 - FFFF FFFF
MT Protocol Select – The over-the-air communication protocol.
0=Packetized mode, 2=Streaming data. Range: 0-2 0
MY Unit Address – Configures the individual; address for this unit.
Each digit may be a 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,or F. Note:
FF is interpreted as a group. See addressing section. Range: 0000 - FFFF 1234
NB
Parity – Selects parity format. Settings 0-4 transfer 8-bits over
antenna port and generate the parity bit on the RF receiving
side.
Range: 0 – 5
0 = none
1 = Odd
2 = Even
3 = Mark (1)
4 = Space (0)
0
NS Stop Bits – Selects the number of stop bits. Range: 1-2 1
PE Packet Error Display – Shows statistics to compute packet-
error rate. Displays Packets Per Minute (PPM) and a running
total.
None (display PER)
1 = reset counters
2 = Stop PER display None
PO RF Power Output. Set or show the RF power output setting.
Value is in percent, from 0% to 100%. Use and RF wattmeter
to confirm the power setting, and adjust the % accordingly to
obtain the desired RF power level.
0-100 100
R0 Symbol Peak Deviation – Set the peak FM deviation of the
transmit symbols. Note: This can be a negative number to
invert the modulation. Range: -1000 – 1000 120**
R1 Select CD pin output signal – CD may be RF carrier detect,
or modem data detect.
Range : 0 - 2
2 = Always assert CD
1 = Data CD
0 = RF CD
1
R2
Over-The-Air bit rate - This is the data rate the radio uses
to send data over the air. All RF modems in the network
must use the same over-the-air baud rate. Refer to
section 10.1 for information on how to set the OTA baud rate.
Range:
0 = 800 5 = 9600 2L
1 = 1200 6 = 19200 4L
2 = 2400 7 = 5142 2L
3 = 4800 8 = 9600 4L
4 = 8000 4L 9 = 2000 2L
3
Company Confidential 22 Raveon Technologies Corp.
R3 Serial Port time out – Number of mS of no activity before
transmitting. Range: 1 - 5000 20 (mS)
R5 Preamble length – The number of bytes to send over-the-air
in the pre-amble. Range: 3 - 255
4**
(Varies based
on data rate
and radio
type. 7 typical)
R8 Frequency Offset. Used to set the radio on the center of the
radio channel. Range: -500 to +500 0**
R9 Modulation Balance. Range: 0-100 20**
RA Select RF CD output threshold – This value is the RSSI
threshold where the carrier detect is asserted. Note: To force
CD always on, set this to 0, and R1 to RF Carrier Detect.
Range : 0-999
300**
RB Number of retries. If this modem does not get an ACK
back when it sends data, this is the number of times it will re-
transmit the packet and wait for an ACK. 0=disabled feature. Range: 0-99 0
(ACKs are not
used)
RF
RF Carrier Required – When enabled, there must be RF
energy on the channel for the modem to output data.
Streaming data mode only. 1-RF required. 0=ignore rf
energy when receiving.
Range: 0, 1 0 (no RF
required)
RG
Transmit Time-Out-Timer – Sets the transmitter time-out-
timer in seconds. This is a fail-safe timer for improper
configuration or operation of the modem. In normal
operation, the TOT setting is not changed.
Range: 0-999
(seconds) 60
RQ Receiver Signal Level – Reads the Receiver Signal
Strength this instant, and returns the level in dBm. Range: -40 to –140 (dBm)
varies by model -
RS
RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator) – Returns the
signal level of last received packet. The reading is in dBm.
No parameters. Returns a
number : -40 to –140
(dBm) varies by model. none
RT
Radio Type – Select the type of radio module installed within
the modem. If this parameter is changed, you must fully
recalibrate the modem. The type of radio module installed
is listed on the serial number. Various
Range: 1-9
0 = RV-M7-Ux
1 = RV-M6-Vx
2**
RV
Enable Remote Access – When enabled (set to a 1), the
modem will respond to over-the-air RPR requests, Pings, and
over-the-air commands. Default is ON (0).
0= Remote Access on
1=Remote Access off 0
SL
Serial Number – Reads and returns a unique serial number
for thjs unit. Read Only
1 - 999999999 unique
SH Show – Display the configuration of the modem. This will
return a page of ASCII characters, showing the main
configuration parameters. none None
SM
LPM Operation Enable – When set to 1, the DTR input line
controls the StingRay’s low-power operation. When set to 0,
the StingRay will not go into LPM, regardless of the state of
the DTR pin. When set to 2, the modem is forced into a low-
power mode, disabling the receiver.
Range: 0, 1, 2 0
ST Statistics – Show the unit’s operational statistics. See
Statistics section of user manual. 0, 1,2, 3, 4, or 5 None
SV
Save – Save all the parameters to EEPROM. This command
must be used if changed parameters are to be stored in non-
volatile memory, and used next time the modem is powered
up. Modem exits configuration mode after this command is
executed. It saves all parameters except the frequency (The
frequency is automatically saved when an ATFT, ATFR, or
none None
Company Confidential 23 Raveon Technologies Corp.
ATFX command is executed)
TD
Transmit Random Data – When issued, the modem will begin
sending random data. Entering a <CR> will terminate the
transmission.
0 = Go back to normal
1 = Random
2 = Hop up/dn one channel
3 = 1010… at ¼ baud rate
4 = TX all 0s
5 = TX all 1s
6 = Test Points ON
7 = Transmit CW
8 = Transmit 1010101…
TE Read product temperature – Read the internal temperature
of the unit’s circuit board. 1 - 512 200
TT Max Packet Size – Set the maximum number of bytes in an
over-the-air packet. 1 - 512 200
VB Read DC input Voltage– Returns the DC input voltage
reading, in mV (12500 = 12.5VDC input). None none
VR Firmware Version – Returns firmware version currently
loaded on the module. Read Only, 3
characters none
Xn Show or Configure the Repeat Table – Set the addresses
that this unit will store-and-forward data to/from. n = 1, 2, 3, or
4 designating the entry in the table to show or edit..
Four parameters
aaaa bbbb cccc dddd where
aaaa=Source Address
bbbb = S.A. Mask
cccc = Destination Address
dddd = D.A. Mask
XR Enable/Disable Store and Forward Repeating – 0=disabled,
1 – enabled. 0 or 1 0 (Off)
XT Read/set repeater delay – Read or set the repeater delay.
This is the time between receiving a data packet, and the time
the repeater will re-send it.
&F
Restore Factory – Restore the factory default values. This
command will not erase the calibration values. After this
command executes, the modem will still be in the CONFIG
mode.
none
** indicates values that are calibrated in the factory and are unit-specific. If the “Radio
Type” is changed, these will need to be re-calibrated.
5.9. Other non-AT commands
SHOW Show/display an overview of the radio’s configuration. None none
PING Ping another modem. Format is PING xxxx, where xxxx is
the ID of the modem to ping. If remote access is enabled on
xxxx, it will respond.
RPR Remote Procedure Request. Used to request execution of a
command on a remote mode (over the air). See StingRay
System Protocol manual for information on using this feature.
5.10. Factory Default Settings
For the UHF StingRay, model RV-M7-UC, the main factory defaults are:
Channel 1 .......................................................464.500 MHz
Over-the-air baud rate:......................................4800 baud, 2-level
Serial port.......................................................... RS-232, 9600baud, N/8/1
Hardware flow control .......................................Off
Company Confidential 24 Raveon Technologies Corp.
RF Power Output ..............................................100%
Channel number selected .................................1
Protocol.............................................................Packetized protocol
Company Confidential 25 Raveon Technologies Corp.
6. Using the StingRay Modem – Packet Mode
This section describes the operation of the when it is in the Packet Mode of
operation. Packet Mode is the factory-default operating mode. It is the
easiest and most reliable mode of operation for a modem. Note: The
configuration of the StingRay is done when the StingRay is in the “Command
Mode”. Refer to Section 1 on page 16 for details on all of the available
commands and programmable features.
In Packet Mode, all transmissions are sent in bursts or packets, and contain
address, error detection, and error correction information. Date enters the
StingRay modem’s serial I/O port, and is stored in a buffer within the modem
until it is ready to be transmitted. Packetized operation has these advantages
over non-packet modems:
Packet Mode Advantages
1. Error Detection The modem uses a 16-bit CRC at the end of every
packet of data. The CRC is used to check the data for errors, and if there
are any errors, the data will not be passed onto the user.
2. Error Correction Automatic error correction may be used. StingRay
modems incorporate an optional ARQ method to re-transmit packets with
error, to ensure the user’s data is delivered error-free.
3. Addressing Packetized operation allows for a more versatile network
architecture, with source, destination, and network addresses. StingRay
uses a 16-bit address to identify data packets.
4. No Dribble Data Even in the presence of noise, the StingRay modem will
not output extra data or have random bit errors. Modems without packet
operation generally do not work well with weak noisy signals.
5. Transparent Operation Because of the high-reliability and error-free
operation the Packet Mode offers the user, most user applications will
seamlessly work using the StingRay in its Packet Mode.
6. Repeatable and Routable. StingRay packets are structured so that they
may be repeated using a store-and-forward repeater, and/or routed using
specialized hardware.
Streaming Mode Advantages
1. Low Latency The transmitter will key-up immediately upon the user’s first
byte of data entering the modem. Packetized operation waits until a
packet has been loaded before keying. (Although high serial-port data
rates can minimize this packet latency to a negligible level).
2. Data with Errors The StingRay will continue to receive data, down into
the noise-floor of the radio. If the channel is noisy or the signal is weak,
there may be bit-errors in the data, or the StingRay may output additional
noise data. User applications must (and often do), take this into account,
Company Confidential 26 Raveon Technologies Corp.
and thus can operate with weaker signals and have longer communication
range.
Figure 1 (Packet Mode of Operation)
For operation of the modem in the streaming data, non-packetized mode, see
the section Streaming Mode on page 36. The Packet or Streaming
operation is configured using the ATMT command, with Packet Mode being
the factory default.
6.1. Setup
1. Connect a DC power source to the DC IN connection on the front of the
modem.
2. Connect a good quality antenna, cut to the operating frequency, to the
BNC connector on the front of the modem. Use a good antenna, and
place is at high-above obstructions as possible.
3. Connect a computer terminal, or PC computer running HyperTerminal, to
the 9-pin I/O connector. The factory default serial ports settings are 9600
bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop, no parity.
4. Program the modem’s operating frequency to your desired operating
frequency. This is done with the ATFX xxx.xxxxx command. See the
section “Serial Port Commands” for information describing the various
parameters that may be modified in the modem. In most applications, the
default settings from the factory will work fine.
5. Using the AT commands, change any of the default operating parameters
that must be modified. From the factory, the modems are configured and
shipped ready-to-use. Out of the box, they will communicate on the
Company Confidential 27 Raveon Technologies Corp.
default radio channel using the factory defaults. In general, the
parameters you may want to modify will be:
ATFX Frequency for this channel. Set to your frequency.
ATMT 0 0 for normal Packetized operation. Default mode.
ATAK 0 for no ARQ, 1 if this unit sends ACKs. Default is no ARQ.
ATRB Set the number of retries if ARQ is used (x). 0 if no ARQ used.
Factory default is no ARQ.
ATBD Serial port baud rate
ATMY The ID of this unit. Default is 1234.
ATMK The network address mask. Default is FFFF.
ATDT The address of the unit this modem will talk to. Default is 1234.
ATBC Enable/disable busy channel lock-out. Default is off, 0.
6. Connect your serial data device to the 9-pin connector on the front of the
modem.
The radio is now ready to use. Any serial data going into the modem will be
transmitted over the air, and any data received over the air will be sent out the
serial port.
Remember, that from the factory, all StingRay modems are configured to
simply work. Plug in power and connect to the serial port at 9600 baud, and
the modems will communicate on the default channel. Change the channel
frequency to your specific frequency, and they will be ready to work on your
channel.
6.2. Programming Channels and Frequencies
The StingRay modem has memory for up to 6 channels. A channel is a pair
of frequencies, one for transmit and one for receive. They may be different or
they may be the same. You may program any valid frequency into any
channel number. To program a channel, perform the following steps.
1. Change to the channel you wish to program, using the ATHP x command,
where x is the channel number.
2. Program the frequency for this channel x, using the ATFT, ATFR, or
ATFX command. Note that the frequency my be entered in MHz as long
as you use a decimal point. For Example, enter ATFX 450.1 to set the
channel frequency to 450.100MHz. Alternately, you may enter the
frequency in hertz by entering ATFX 450100000. You must enter all of
the zeros if you enter the frequency in hertz.
3. Review the frequency setting with the ATFT, ATFR, or ATFX command.
To see a list of all of the channels , enter ATF.
4. To change the radio channel, use the ATHP x command while the modem
is in the command mode.
Company Confidential 28 Raveon Technologies Corp.
If the channel number is changed using the ATHP command, and power is
later lost, the channel number will be retained in non-volatile memory as long
as was saved using the ATSV (Save to non-volatile memory) command.
Due to the nature of the synthesizer used in the StingRay’s radio, the
frequency programmed into the unit must be an even multiple of its internal
reference frequency. For narrow-band radios (12.5kHz channels), the user’s
frequency must be a multiple of either 6.25khz or 5.00kHz. For wide-band
models, the frequency must be an even multiple of 10kHz or 12.5kHz.
6.3. Data Transmission
To transmit data, send one or more bytes of data into the serial port of the
modem. When a full packet of data has been collected into the internal buffer
of the modem, or when there is a pause in the data, the modem will
automatically key its transmitter, and send the data over the air.
Serial Port Baud Rate
While the modem is transmitting, the user may continue to send more data
into the StingRay. Because the buffers in the StingRay are full-duplex, the
serial port data rate and the over-the-air data rates are independent. The
serial port baud-rates may be set slow to accommodate legacy equipment, or
set at high-speed to minimize latency. The over-the-air data rate us usually
4800 baud for narrow-band channels, and 9600 baud for wide-band, although
faster or slower rates may be used.
In Packet Mode, selection of the serial port baud-rate is important. As shown
above, if the serial port baud-rate is the same as the over-the-air baud rate
and the packets are short, the channel utilization is only about 50%. But, if
the serial port baud rate is set much higher, say 2-8X the over-the air rate, the
channel utilization becomes near 100%.
Because the StingRay can handle serial-port data rate far in excess of the
over-the-air rate, the efficiency of the StingRay in Packet Mode is
approximately the same as other brand modems that cannot operate in a
Packet Mode — with the added benefit or ARQ, error-free data, and
addressing.
Note that many Windows applications which use the serial port, such as
HyperTerminal, put large gaps between the bytes of data they send out the
serial port. If an application is not getting the desired throughput, verify that it
is not an artifact of the Operating System or the computer.
Flow Control
If large amounts of data will be sent with the StingRay, it may be possible to
overflow the internal data buffer. To ensure the transmit buffer does not
overflow, enable and use hardware flow control. Hardware flow control is
enabled with the ATCH 1 command. Note that the StingRay modem will
always indicate the status of its internal buffer using the CTS signal on the
DB-9 serial connector. When CTS is negated, the internal buffers are more
Company Confidential 29 Raveon Technologies Corp.
than 80% full. When it is asserted and it is “Clear to Send”, the buffers are
less than 80% full.
Packet Size
The over-the-air packet size may be set with the ATTT xx command. Once
the modem receives one full packet of data into via the serial port, it will
automatically key the transmitter and send the data. Factory default is 80
bytes.
Key-On_Data
When serial data is entering the StingRay’s RS-232 port, the StingRay looks
for pauses in the data as indication that it is time to send a packet of data
over the air. The factory default duration of the pause it looks for is 20mS, but
the user may change this to over values using the ATR3 xxx command,
where xxx is in milliseconds.
Busy-Channel Lock Out
If your system operation require the StingRay modem to monitor-before-
transmit, of if you do not want the StingRay to transmit on a channel that is
busy, you can enable “Busy-Channel-Lockout”, using the ATBC 1 command.
ATBC 0 disables BCL, and thus the modem will transmit whenever it has data
to send out. The factory-default is BCL disabled. Use caution when enabling
it, as a CW interferer, PC with poor shielding, or some other source of RF can
stop the modem from transmitting. The threshold where the StingRay senses
RF carrier, and determines that the channel is busy is set by the ATRA
command. This is factory calibrated to an equivalent RF level of
approximately -110dBm.
6.4. Data Reception
When the modem receives data over the radio, it checks it for errors, and if it
is error-free, it will send it out the serial port. Again, the serial port may be set
to any baud rate the user wishes, and the radio receiver and transmitter will
continue to operate independently of the baud rate.
When the modem receives a signal, it will assert the CD hardware signal on
the RS-232 serial port if it was configured to do so.
In general, the slower the over-the-air data rate, the easier it is for the modem
to receive the signal, and thus the more communication range the radio will
have. StingRay modems have a unique switched-filter along with digital
signal processing, that gives them more range a lower data rates. See
Section 10.1 Setting the Over-The-Air Data Rate for more information about
choosing the over-the-air data rate.
Company Confidential 30 Raveon Technologies Corp.
6.5. Addressing (Packetized Mode only)
Addressing Basics
One of the more powerful aspects of the StingRay modem is its addressing
scheme. Incorporating addressing in the modem allows multiple radio
systems on the same frequency to co-exist, and not interfere with each other.
Also, some user application cannot tolerate receiving data that was not
intended for it, and by setting the addresses in the modems properly, the
system can be configured to allow reception of only data intended for the
recipient.
If addressing is not needed or desired, it can be turned off so that all modems
receive data from all other modems, and all modems can talk to all other
modems.
Each StingRay contains a 16 bit address, called its Unit Address, and is
represented as a 4 digit hexadecimal number. StingRay address may be any
number between 0000 and FFFF, which is effectively 65,535 different
addresses. Every StingRay has a Unit Address programmed into it, as well
as the ID of the unit it will send data to. The Unit Address is programmed with
the ATMY xxxx command, and the Unit Address of the destination modem
(the Destination Address) is configured with the ATDT xxxx command.
The defaults UNIT ID in al StingRay modems is 1234, and 1234 is the default
for the destination ID. An Address Mask is used to select which digits of the
address will be used to determine if a particular reception was intended for
the StingRay modem. The default Address Mask is FFFF, which means all
digits will be used.
Hexadecimal Numbers
For those not familiar with hexadecimal numbers, a hexadecimal digit
represents a 4-bit binary pattern. There are 16 possible values
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,and F). These 16 values represent 4 bits of
information, thus 4 hexadecimal digits can represent 16 bits of information.
The hexadecimal numbers represent 4 bit data in the following way:
Hexadecimal Table
Hex # Binary Hex # Binary Hex # Binary Hex # Binary
0 0000 5 0100 8 1000 C 1100
1 0001 6 0101 9 1001 D 1101
2 0010 7 0110 A 1010 E 1110
3 0011 8 0111 B 1011 F 1111
When communicating over the air, StingRay modems transmit their Unit
Address and the Destination Address along with the data. Receiving
modems check the received Destination Address, and see if it matches their
Unit Address. If it does match, the receiving modem outputs the data it
received via its serial port. If it does not match, the receiving modem discards
the data, and does not send it out the serial port.
Company Confidential 31 Raveon Technologies Corp.
Setting A System-Wide Address
If individual addressing is not needed in your system, there are two ways to
ensure it is not used. One way is to set all modems in the system with the
same Unit Address and destination address. From the factory, these are both
set to 1234, and thus, all modems can communicate with all other modems,
using the address 1234. The advantage of using this system-wide address, is
that if there are other StingRay modems on the channel, but in some other
system, they probably will not have the same Unit Address, and thus will not
interfere with your system. To reduce the possibility of data cross-talk, the
system implementer may wish to use a different system-wide address for the
Unit Address instead of 1234. There are over 65,000 addresses available.
An alternate way to disable addressing altogether, is set the Address Mask to
0000 (ATMK 0000 command). This tells the StingRay to ignore the address,
and receive every transmission. The disadvantage to this method is the
adjacent-system problem. If there is another StingRay system on the same
channel, all modems with the 0000 mask will receive them also.
Most users who do not use individual modem addressing, choose to set a
global system address, and have all modems in their system use the same
Unit ID and same destination address.
Broadcast Transmissions
The double FF is used to identify a broadcast packet. A transmission with a
two digit FF in the first two positions of the destination ID, or in the last two
positions of the destination ID, will be interpreted as a broadcast, and any
modem with an ID that matches the two non-FF digits will receive the data.
For example, sending data with a destination ID of 12FF will be received by
any modem with a unit ID 1200 through 12FF. Sending data with a
destination ID of FF34 will be received by any modem with a unit ID of 0034
through FF34.
The Address Mask
The reason to use hexadecimal digits to represent the unit address, is that
along with the Unit Address programmed into the StingRay, there is an
“Address Mask” programmed into it. The default mask is FFFF. The address
mask is also used to determine if a particular data transmission should be
received by the modem. For most applications, where one modem talks to
one modem, or where all modems in the system communicate with all other
modems in the system, the Address Mask should stay set to FFFF.
Only in systems where some modems should only talk to certain other
modems, might you want to change the address mask. Whenever data is
received over the air, the Destination Address of the transmission is logically
“ANDed” with the Address Mask in the receiving modem. This is the Effective
Destination Address. The receiving StingRay also ANDs its own Unit
Address with its Address Mask. The result is the Effective Unit Address. The
Company Confidential 32 Raveon Technologies Corp.
Effective Unit Address is compared to the Effective Destination Address, and
if the two are identical, the data will be received.
Note: Logically 1 AND 1 = 1, 0 AND 0 = 0, 1 AND 0 = 0, 0 AND 1 = 0
` Figure 2 (Address Filtering)
One effect of this is that an address mask of 0000 will cause the StingRay
modem to received any data from any unit that transmits. The Destination
Address will effectively be ignored if the mask is set to 0000.
Addressing Examples:
Example 1 (default configuration)
Sending Destination Address = 1234
Receiving Unit Address = 1234
Receiving Unit’s Address Mask = FFFF
Result: Unit will receive the data, because the addresses identically match. When the
addresses are identical, the value of the mask is not important.
Notes: This is the default configuration. All units have address 1234, and all modems will
talk to all other modems with address 1234.
Example 2 (a configuration that won’t work)
Sending to Destination Address = 1236
Receiving Unit Address = 1234
Receiving Unit’s Address Mask = FFFF
Result: No data will be received, because the address do not match, and the address
mask of FFFF requires that all digits in the address match. .
Example 3 (able to receive a data from a group, 1230 – 123F)
Sending to Destination Address = 1236
StingRay receives
data over-the-air to
Destination Address
xxxx
StingRay has
Unit Address
yyyy
StingRay has
Address Mask
zzzz
“AND” them
together
Compare the two
results from these
two ANDs
“AND” them
together
Output the data via
serial port if the two
results were
identical
Company Confidential 33 Raveon Technologies Corp.
Receiving StingRay Unit Address = 1234
Receiving StingRay Address Mask = FFF0
Result: Data will be received. 1236 ANDed with FFF0 is 1230. 1234 ANDed with FFF0
is 1230. The results of the ANDing match, and thus the data will be received.
Example 4 (able to receive from a group, xx34 where xx is any two digits)
Sending Destination Address = 2234
Receiving StingRay’s Unit Address = 1234
Receiving StingRay’s Address Mask = 00FF
Result: Data will be received. 2234 AND 00FF equals 0034. 1234 AND 00FF equals
0034, therefore they match. The results of the ANDing match, and thus the data will be
received.
6.6. Error Correction
The StingRay modem has a built-in error correction mode, commonly referred
to as Automatic Repeat request (ARQ). It works by checking each reception
for errors, and if the data is OK, it sends a short “ACK” packet back over the
air telling the sending station the data was OK.
The StingRay modem uses a traditional Carrier Sense Multiple-Access
(CSMA) algorithm with randomized re-try time slots to determine when to re-
transmit packets that must be re-sent. The duration between re-tries
increases as the number of attempts increases.
If received data has an error in it or if the receiving modem does not get the
data due to interference, the receiving modem does not send the ACK back,
and the sending station will automatically re-send the data. There are two
aspects to configuring ARQ:
1) Enable the ARQ mode in the modem to allow it to transmit ACKs
(ATAK 1 command). This command enables the modem to
transmit ACK packets.
2) Configure the number of retries the modem should attempt if an
ACK packet is not received back when it sends data (ATRB xx
command). For example, if you set ATRB to 5 with the ATRB 5
command, the modem will wait for an ACK whenever it sends data.
If it receives and ACK back from the modem that it sent data to, it
will do nothing more. But if it does not receive an ACK, it will
resend the same data, trying up to 5 more times.
The factory default condition is not to send or require ACK packets, so if you
wish to use this mode, program the StingRay to transmit ACKs with the ATAK
1 command. This will cause the modem to send an ACK anytime it receives
data from another modem. Note: If the destination address was a broadcast
(FFFF, FFxx, or xxFF), it will not wait for an ACK.
The number of times it retries to send data that does not get through (does
not get an ACK) is up to the user, but a number of 5 is usually a good
Company Confidential 34 Raveon Technologies Corp.
compromise. If after 5 times, the data does not get through, then there
probably is something seriously wrong with the channel or system.
The retried-transmissions are randomly spaced at intervals between
approximately 200mS and 400mS, increasing by 50mS for each attempted
transmission. Once the modem has sent its data the number of times the
user specified in the ATRB xx command, the data is discarded, and the
modem will continue to operate as normal.
It is very important that if one modem is configured to send ACK packets
(ATAK 1) that all other modems communicating with it are also set to expect
ACK packets using the ATRB xx command.
To disable ARQ (the default condition of the modem), disable ARQ with the
ATAK 0 and set retries to zero with the ATRB 0 command.
6.7. Store-and-Forward Repeating and Routing
The StingRay modem has a built-in wireless repeater/router. Each StingRay
is capable of not only sending and receiving data from/to its serial port, but
also re-transmitting over-the-air data. It is also able to re-transmit data that is
addressed to other modems in the system.
Figure 3 Overview of Repeater Operation
In the example shown in Figure 3 above, StingRay A is will communicate with
all other modems in the system. It can directly communicate with B, H, and
F. Because of propagation limits, it cannot communicate reliable to E, D, C,
and G.
Company Confidential 35 Raveon Technologies Corp.
To solve this problem, some of the StingRay modems are configured as
repeaters. The still are able to send and receive data, but they also will
repeat data out to the modems that are out of range of StingRay A.
H is configured to repeat all messages to/from E, D, and G. B is configured
to repeat all messages to/from C, and D is configured to repeat all messages
to/from G.
The following table illustrates one possible way the StingRays could be
programmed to accomplish this type of system.
StingRay Unit ID
(ATMY) Destination
(ATDT) Network
Mask
(ATMK)
Repeat
Source Repeat
Source
Mask
Repeat
Destination
Repeat
Destination
Mask
Addresses programmed into unit Repeater table programmed into unit
A 1000 1000 FF00 - - - -
1020 FFFF 1000 FFFF
B 1010 1000 FF00
1000 FFFF 1000 FFFF
C 1020 1000 FF00 - - - -
1031 FFFF 1000 FFFF
D 1030 1000 FF00
1000 FFFF 1000 FFFF
E 1032 1000 FF00 - - - -
F 1021 1000 FF00 - - - -
G 1031 1000 FF00 - - - -
1030 FFFF 1000 FFFF
H 1022 1000 FF00
1000 FFF0 1000 FFFF
Store-and-forward repeating is enabled with the ATXR command. ATXR 1
enables repeating. ATXR 0 disables it.
The Repeat Source, Repeat Source Mask, and the Repeat Destination are
programmed into a Repeater Table in the StingRay. The ATX command is
used to program the Repeater Table. The Repeater Table may have up to 4
entries.
For example, StingRay B in the above example will have two entries in its
Repeater Table. The command to set the two entries is:
ATX1 1020 FFFF 1000 FFFF
ARX2 1000 FFFF 1000 FFFF
The first command above sets the Repeat Source to 1020 and the Repeat
Destination to 1000, both with a Mask of FFFF. The FFFF mask means all
digits of the source and destination are used to determine if the transmission
should be repeated. All packets from units with MYID 1020 (C) sent to 1000
will be repeated by this unit. It will not repeat messages from D, E, F, G, or H
because their Unit IDs are not in the Repeat Source repeater table.
Company Confidential 36 Raveon Technologies Corp.
The second command above sets the Repeat Source to 1000 and the Repeat
Destination to 1000, both with a Mask of FFFF. The FFFF mask means all
digits of the source and destination are used to determine if the transmission
should be repeated. All packets from units with MYID 1000 (A)sent 1000
will be repeated by this unit. In other words, all transmissions from A will be
repeated by B.
To view the Repeater Table, use the ATX command, with no parameter. To
view a single entry in the table, use the ATXn, where n=1, 2, 3, or 4.
To delete an entry in the table so it has no effect on the operation, set the
fields to 0. For example, to disable make entry 1, use the ATX1 0 0 0 0
command.
Company Confidential 37 Raveon Technologies Corp.
Using the StingRay Modem – Streaming Mode
This section describes the operation of the Streaming Mode of operation.
This mode is selected with the command ATMT 2.
6.8. Streaming Mode Operation
In Streaming Mode, radio transmissions will begin whenever data enters the
mode, and the transmission will continue as long as there is data to send.
The transmitter will automatically key when data enters the modem, and there
is no need to assert any control lines. It will automatically de-key when there
is no more data to send.
Figure 3 illustrates the difference between the Packet Mode and the
Streaming Mode of operation.
` Figure 4 (Streaming Mode of Operation)
7. For operation of the modem in the Packetized
Mode, see the section on page 16 entitled
Company Confidential 38 Raveon Technologies Corp.
8. Serial Port Commands
8.1. Overview
Only trained radio technicians are allowed to modify the settings in this
product. The serial port the RF modem is used to send and receive data over
the air, as well as to configure the RF modem. In normal operation, the user
sends data into the TxD pin of the user port, and this data is transmitted over
the air. Received data from another RF modem is output to the user via the
RxD pin of the user port. This is the default operating condition of the RF
modem. No special characters, hardware control lines, or timing is required
to operate the StingRay modem.
There is also a “Command Mode” used to program and configure the
StingRay. In the Command Mode, the StingRay modem accepts commands
via the serial port TxD pin. The commands can be used to change certain
internal parameters of the StingRay modem as well as to read-out the current
configuration and diagnostic statistics.
8.2. Command Mode
The StingRay modem may be put into a “Command Mode”, by entering a
sequence of three plus characters (+++). To keep the StingRay modem from
unintentionally entering the Command Mode because of the +++ pattern
occurring in a stream of data entering the modem, there must be a pause in
the data stream before the +++ as well as a pause after the +++ is sent. If
either pause is missing, the modem will not enter the command mode.
Using serial communications software such as HypterTerminal, send the 3-
character command sequence “+++” while observing times of silence before
[BT (Silence Before Sequence) Command] and after [AT (Silence After
Sequence) Command] the command characters. The default BT and AT
times are 500mS.
The default sequence for entering into AT Command Mode:
1. No characters sent for ½ a second.
2. Input three (3) plus characters (“+++”) within ½ of a second.
3. No characters sent for ½ a second.
When the StingRay modem first enters the Command Mode, it sends the
phrase “StingRay” out it serial port, and then an “OK” sequence. The “OK”
sequence is a sequence of 4 characters:
An “O”, “K”, <CR>, and <LF> characters (<CR> = ASCII 0D, <LF> = ASCII 0A)
8.3. Setting a Parameter
To set a parameter in the StingRay modem, enter the Command Mode as
described above. Then enter the proper AT command, a space, the
parameter, and then a carriage return. For Example, to set the address of the
StingRay modem to 1234, enter the following command:
Company Confidential 39 Raveon Technologies Corp.
ATDT 1234 <CR>.
Company Confidential 40 Raveon Technologies Corp.
Once a Parameter is changed, the modem will begin using the new
parameter as soon as it exits the Command Mode and returns to its normal
operation mode. If the new parameter was saved to non-volatile memory
using the ATSV command, then the new parameter will be used as well the
next time the StingRay modem is powered on.
If a parameter is changed, but the ATSV command is not issued, the new
parameter is used to operate the modem, but when power is turned off and
back on, upon powering up, the StingRay will revert back to the previously
saved parameter value. If parametric changes are to be permanent, always
issue the ATSV command after all parameter changes have been made.
8.4. Reading a Parameter
To read the value of a particular setting, issue the command, with no
parameter. The modem will return the value followed by an “OK”. The
modem’s OK response is:
The value in ASCII decimal format.
A <CR> <LF> (<CD> = ASCII 0D, <LF> = ASCII 0A).
An “O”, “K”, <CR>, and <LF> sequence.
For example, if the user enters the command to read the StingRay’s modem
address and its address was 1234, the user would issue the following
command:
ATDT<cr>
and the modem will respond with:
1234 <CR> <LF> OK <CR> <LF>
To get on-line help with a command, enter the command and put a question
mark in for the parameter. For example, to see what the ATDT command is
for, type ATDT ?. The modem will respond by listing a brief description of the
command. To see a list of all commands, type HELP.
8.5. CONFIG Button
If certain parameters within the modem are modified in a manor that causes
the modem to cease functioning or if the user cannot enter the command
mode via the “+++” method described above, there is a small push button
internal to the StingRay modem to assist in this case. This CONFIG button
may be pressed at any time, and forces the modem into a known operational
state. The CONFIG button is located inside the modem. Remove the rear
cover, exposing the two circuit boards. The button is in the center of the
lower circuit board as shown below.
Company Confidential 41 Raveon Technologies Corp.
The default settings that the modem will revert to when the CONFIG button is
pressed are:
4. Serial port 9600 baud, 8 data bits 1 stop, no parity
5. ATCT setting set to 60000 (60 second time-out)
6. Serial port on the front of the unit in RS232 mode, 9600bps, N/8/1.
If the unit was configured for RS-485, RS-422, or Ethernet, you must
disconnect other devices and use an RS-232 device to configure the
StingRay.
Even though the serial baud rate reverts to 9600 baud when the CONFIG
button is pressed and the IO port is RS232, it will revert back to the settings
programmed into the StingRay modem once the Command Mode is exited.
8.6. Exiting the Command Mode
There are three ways to exit the command mode. They are:
1. ATSV Issuing the ATSV command saves the current configuration to non-
volatile memory, and then returns to the normal operation mode.
2. ATCN Issuing the ATCN command does not save the current
configuration, but it does cause the modem to continue to operate. If
changes to the configuration were done in the Command mode, these
changes will be used in operation, but they are not be saved to non-volatile
memory. The next time the modem is powered down and back up, the
modem will operate with the previously saved settings.
3. Time Out. After a pre-set amount of time (60 seconds is the factory
default time), the modem will automatically exit the Command Mode, and
continue normal operation. Changes will not automatically be saved. This
time-out duration may be set with the ATCT command.
8.7. Restoring Factory Defaults
The AT&F command may be used to restore the modem back to the factory-
default condition. Use this command with caution, as it will erase all
previously configured parameters. It will cause the modem to revert back to
the factory-defaults, as shown in the command table, “Factory Default”
column. The only parameters that it does not restore to default are the radio
type and radio calibration values R0-R9, and RA. This is so that the user
may restore defaults, and not have to re-calibrate the radio.
To erase ALL parameters, including the radio type and radio calibration, issue
the AT&F 123 command. There should not be any reason do this command,
because it will require the radio to be re-calibrated per the factory alignment
procedure.
Company Confidential 40 Raveon Technologies Corp.
8.8. Command Mode Commands
AT
Command Command Description Parameters Factory
Default
AK Enable/Disable ARQ – When ARQ is enabled, this modem
will automatically send an ACK packet back to a modem that
sends it data. 0=off, 1=on. Range: 0 – 1 0 (no AKCs
sent)
AS Auto Status Report Interval– Sets the time between auto
status reports. Time is in minutes. 0 means disabled. Range: 0 –56000
(minutes) 0 (Off)
AT Silence AFTER Sequence - Sets period of silence after the
command sequence characters in mS. Range:0 – 1000
(mS) 500
BD
Baud Rate – Sets serial com port baud rate (bps). Over-the-
air (throughput) baud rate is set with ATR2 command.
If a PC’s serial baud rate is set higher than the fixed over-the-
air baud rate of the module, hardware handshaking may be
required.
Range: 0 – 6
0 = 1200 bps
1 = 2400
2 = 4800
3 = 9600
4 = 19200
5 = 38400
6 = 57600
3
BC Busy Channel Lock Out – Enable/disable the BCL. If
enabled, the modem will not transmit on a radio channel that
is busy (has RF on if). 0-OFF, 1=ON. Range: 0-1 0
BT Silence BEFORE Sequence – Sets period of silence before
the command sequence character in mS. Range: 0-1000
mS 500
CH
Configure Hardware Flow Control – Enable (1) or disable
(0) flow control. When enabled, the modem will monitor the
RTS line, and if it is negated, stop sending data out the serial
port. If disabled, the modem will ignore the state of RTS, and
always send out charators.
1 = Enable
0 = Disable 0
CN Exit AT Command Mode – Exits module from AT Command
Mode and returns it to Idle Mode. Parameters are not saved
in EEPROM. none none
CT
Time Out from AT Command Mode – If no valid commands
have been received within this time period (in milliseconds),
modem returns to normal operation mode from Command
mode. If the CONFIG button inside the StingRay is pressed,
this parameter will be automatically set to 60000.
Range: 100-60000mS 60000
DT Destination Address to call– Sets address of the modem to
send data to. Note, this parameter is entered in HEX format.
Each digit may be a 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,or an F. Range: 0-FFFF 1234
E Echo – Character echo set on (E1) or off (E0). This applies to
the Command Mode only. Range: 0 , 1 0 (no echo)
F Display frequencies – Display all of the frequencies
programmed into all of the channel memories. N/A
FT
Transmit Frequency – Program the transmit frequency for
this channel. Enter in Hz or in MHz. The frequency will
automatically be saved in non-volatile memory (flash) for this
current channel number.
Range: See product data
sheet. For MURS products,
frequency cannot be changed.
See
product
data sheet.
Company Confidential 40 Raveon Technologies Corp.
FR
Receive Frequency – Program the receive frequency for this
channel. Enter in Hz or MHz. The frequency will
automatically be saved in non-volatile memory (flash) for this
current channel number.
Range: See product data
sheet. For MURS products,
frequency cannot be changed.
See
product
data sheet.
FX
TX and RX Frequency – Program the receive and transmit
frequency for this channel. Enter in Hz or MHz. Same as
issuing an ATFR and an ATFT command. The frequency will
automatically be saved in non-volatile memory (flash) for this
current channel number.
Range: See product data
sheet. N/A
HP Channel Number – Select separate channels to minimize
interference between multiple sets of modules operating in the
same vicinity. Range: 1 - 6 1
IO Configure the I/O The proper hardware option must be
installed in the modem. All StingRay modems support RS-232
mode.
Range: 0 - 5 0=RS232
1=Ethernet 2=RS485 dup
3=RS485 simplx 4=RS422
5=GPS
0
L Enable/Disable the LEDs – 1 = LEDs always off. This
reduces some power consumption. 0 = LED operate normally. 0 or 1 0
MA
Monitor Address – – Configures the address that status
transmissions are sent to. Only used if Auto Status is enabled.
Each digit may be a 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,or F. Note:
FF is interpreted as a group. See addressing section.
Range: 0000 - FFFF FFFF
MK Address Mask – Configures local and global address space.
Each digit may be a 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,or F. In
most applications, this is kept at FFFF. Range: 0000 - FFFF FFFF
MT Protocol Select – The over-the-air communication protocol.
0=Packetized mode, 2=Streaming data. Range: 0-2 0
MY Unit Address – Configures the individual; address for this unit.
Each digit may be a 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,or F. Note:
FF is interpreted as a group. See addressing section. Range: 0000 - FFFF 1234
NB
Parity – Selects parity format. Settings 0-4 transfer 8-bits over
antenna port and generate the parity bit on the RF receiving
side.
Range: 0 – 5
0 = none
1 = Odd
2 = Even
3 = Mark (1)
4 = Space (0)
0
NS Stop Bits – Selects the number of stop bits. Range: 1-2 1
PE Packet Error Display – Shows statistics to compute packet-
error rate. Displays Packets Per Minute (PPM) and a running
total.
None (display PER)
1 = reset counters
2 = Stop PER display None
PO RF Power Output. Set or show the RF power output setting.
Value is in percent, from 0% to 100%. Use and RF wattmeter
to confirm the power setting, and adjust the % accordingly to
obtain the desired RF power level.
0-100 100
R0 Symbol Peak Deviation – Set the peak FM deviation of the
transmit symbols. Note: This can be a negative number to
invert the modulation. Range: -1000 – 1000 120**
R1 Select CD pin output signal – CD may be RF carrier detect,
or modem data detect.
Range : 0 - 2
2 = Always assert CD
1 = Data CD
0 = RF CD
1
R2
Over-The-Air bit rate - This is the data rate the radio uses
to send data over the air. All RF modems in the network
must use the same over-the-air baud rate. Refer to
section 10.1 for information on how to set the OTA baud rate.
Range:
0 = 800 5 = 9600 2L
1 = 1200 6 = 19200 4L
2 = 2400 7 = 5142 2L
3 = 4800 8 = 9600 4L
4 = 8000 4L 9 = 2000 2L
3
Company Confidential 40 Raveon Technologies Corp.
R3 Serial Port time out – Number of mS of no activity before
transmitting. Range: 1 - 5000 20 (mS)
R5 Preamble length – The number of bytes to send over-the-air
in the pre-amble. Range: 3 - 255
4**
(Varies based
on data rate
and radio
type. 7 typical)
R8 Frequency Offset. Used to set the radio on the center of the
radio channel. Range: -500 to +500 0**
R9 Modulation Balance. Range: 0-100 20**
RA Select RF CD output threshold – This value is the RSSI
threshold where the carrier detect is asserted. Note: To force
CD always on, set this to 0, and R1 to RF Carrier Detect.
Range : 0-999
300**
RB Number of retries. If this modem does not get an ACK
back when it sends data, this is the number of times it will re-
transmit the packet and wait for an ACK. 0=disabled feature. Range: 0-99 0
(ACKs are not
used)
RF
RF Carrier Required – When enabled, there must be RF
energy on the channel for the modem to output data.
Streaming data mode only. 1-RF required. 0=ignore rf
energy when receiving.
Range: 0, 1 0 (no RF
required)
RG
Transmit Time-Out-Timer – Sets the transmitter time-out-
timer in seconds. This is a fail-safe timer for improper
configuration or operation of the modem. In normal
operation, the TOT setting is not changed.
Range: 0-999
(seconds) 60
RQ Receiver Signal Level – Reads the Receiver Signal
Strength this instant, and returns the level in dBm. Range: -40 to –140 (dBm)
varies by model -
RS
RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator) – Returns the
signal level of last received packet. The reading is in dBm.
No parameters. Returns a
number : -40 to –140
(dBm) varies by model. none
RT
Radio Type – Select the type of radio module installed within
the modem. If this parameter is changed, you must fully
recalibrate the modem. The type of radio module installed
is listed on the serial number. Various
Range: 1-9
0 = RV-M7-Ux
1 = RV-M6-Vx
2**
RV
Enable Remote Access – When enabled (set to a 1), the
modem will respond to over-the-air RPR requests, Pings, and
over-the-air commands. Default is ON (0).
0= Remote Access on
1=Remote Access off 0
SL
Serial Number – Reads and returns a unique serial number
for thjs unit. Read Only
1 - 999999999 unique
SH Show – Display the configuration of the modem. This will
return a page of ASCII characters, showing the main
configuration parameters. none None
SM
LPM Operation Enable – When set to 1, the DTR input line
controls the StingRay’s low-power operation. When set to 0,
the StingRay will not go into LPM, regardless of the state of
the DTR pin. When set to 2, the modem is forced into a low-
power mode, disabling the receiver.
Range: 0, 1, 2 0
ST Statistics – Show the unit’s operational statistics. See
Statistics section of user manual. 0, 1,2, 3, 4, or 5 None
SV
Save – Save all the parameters to EEPROM. This command
must be used if changed parameters are to be stored in non-
volatile memory, and used next time the modem is powered
up. Modem exits configuration mode after this command is
executed. It saves all parameters except the frequency (The
frequency is automatically saved when an ATFT, ATFR, or
none None
Company Confidential 40 Raveon Technologies Corp.
ATFX command is executed)
TD
Transmit Random Data – When issued, the modem will begin
sending random data. Entering a <CR> will terminate the
transmission.
0 = Go back to normal
1 = Random
2 = Hop up/dn one channel
3 = 1010… at ¼ baud rate
4 = TX all 0s
5 = TX all 1s
6 = Test Points ON
7 = Transmit CW
8 = Transmit 1010101…
TE Read product temperature – Read the internal temperature
of the unit’s circuit board. 1 - 512 200
TT Max Packet Size – Set the maximum number of bytes in an
over-the-air packet. 1 - 512 200
VB Read DC input Voltage– Returns the DC input voltage
reading, in mV (12500 = 12.5VDC input). None none
VR Firmware Version – Returns firmware version currently
loaded on the module. Read Only, 3
characters none
Xn Show or Configure the Repeat Table – Set the addresses
that this unit will store-and-forward data to/from. n = 1, 2, 3, or
4 designating the entry in the table to show or edit..
Four parameters
aaaa bbbb cccc dddd where
aaaa=Source Address
bbbb = S.A. Mask
cccc = Destination Address
dddd = D.A. Mask
XR Enable/Disable Store and Forward Repeating – 0=disabled,
1 – enabled. 0 or 1 0 (Off)
XT Read/set repeater delay – Read or set the repeater delay.
This is the time between receiving a data packet, and the time
the repeater will re-send it.
&F
Restore Factory – Restore the factory default values. This
command will not erase the calibration values. After this
command executes, the modem will still be in the CONFIG
mode.
none
** indicates values that are calibrated in the factory and are unit-specific. If the “Radio
Type” is changed, these will need to be re-calibrated.
8.9. Other non-AT commands
SHOW Show/display an overview of the radio’s configuration. None none
PING Ping another modem. Format is PING xxxx, where xxxx is
the ID of the modem to ping. If remote access is enabled on
xxxx, it will respond.
RPR Remote Procedure Request. Used to request execution of a
command on a remote mode (over the air). See StingRay
System Protocol manual for information on using this feature.
8.10. Factory Default Settings
For the UHF StingRay, model RV-M7-UC, the main factory defaults are:
Channel 1 .......................................................464.500 MHz
Over-the-air baud rate:......................................4800 baud, 2-level
Serial port.......................................................... RS-232, 9600baud, N/8/1
Hardware flow control .......................................Off
Company Confidential 40 Raveon Technologies Corp.
RF Power Output ..............................................100%
Channel number selected .................................1
Protocol.............................................................Packetized protocol
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
Using the StingRay Modem – Packet Mode.
8.11. Baud Rate Selection
In Streaming Mode, the user data may still enter the modem at any baud rate, as
set with the ATBD x command. The StingRay modem will buffer the data and
send it out over the air in the same order as it enters the modem. When the
buffer is empty and there is no more data coming into the modem, it will
automatically de-key the radio and go back into the receive mode. The StingRay
modem will send a hidden end-of-message signal to the receiving modem, thus
avoiding any extra data bytes “dribble bytes” from coming out of the user serial
port. When the modem is operating with very weak signals, the end-of-message
signal may be obscured, and missed by the receiving StingRay. In this case,
additional noise bytes may come out of the user serial port.
While receiving, the modem will also output the receive data out the serial port at
the rate set by the ATBD command. If the serial port baud-rate is slower than
the over-the-air rate, an internal buffer in the StingRay modem will hold the data
as it is sent out the serial port.
8.12. Bit Errors
Unlike Packet Mode operation, there is no error-detection nor error-correction in
the Streaming Mode, so user data may contain bit errors. The user’s application
must be able to handle these errors or additional bytes of noise data.
If the application that is using the StingRay cannot tolerate have erroneous data
when the channel is noisy, the modem should be operated in the Packet Mode
instead of Streaming mode ( In Packet Mode, data is always first checked for bit-
errors, and never outputted if it detects any errors).
The end of a transmission is detected by the receiving modem by the presence
of a special end-of-message signal. Transmitting StingRays automatically put
the end-of-message signal out after the user’s data has been transmitted. If the
receiving modem does not receive this signal (due to noise or interference), the
receiving modem may continue to output some more data, until it detects that the
RF carrier is gone, or the received signal is actually noise. This may take a byte
or two of time, and during this time period, the receiving modem may output
random noise bytes.
8.13. Carrier Detect
To reduce, and virtually eliminate bit errors and additional noise bytes, the user
may configure the StingRay to require and RF carrier Detect before receiving any
data. Because the RF carrier Detect Threshold is set above the noise-floor of the
receiver, bit-errors will be rare if RF carrier is required to receive. By default, the
StingRay does not require RF carrier detect to receive. To enable it, use the
ATRF 1 command. To disable the need for RF carrier detect, us the ATRF 0
command (Factory default).
When ATRF is 0, the modem will be more sensitive, and be able to receive weak
signals, but there is more likely to be bit errors when the signals are weak.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
8.14. Serial Data Flow Control
If large amounts of data will be sent with the StingRay, and the serial port is
operated at a faster data rate than the over-the-air rate, it may be possible to
overflow the internal data buffer. To ensure the transmit buffer does not
overflow, enable and use hardware flow control. Hardware flow control is
enabled with the ATCH 1 command. Note that the StingRay modem will always
indicate the status of its internal buffer using the CTS signal on the DB-9 serial
connector. When CTS is negated, the internal buffers are more than 80% full.
When it is asserted and it is “Clear to Send”, the buffers are less than 80% full.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
9. Installation
1. Secure the StingRay modem using the four mounting holes on the side
flanges of the unit.
2. Connect a DC power source to the DC IN connection on the front of the
modem. Use the supplied cable, and connect the RED wire to +, and the
black wire to – (ground). The black wire and the case of the StingRay
should be connected to earth ground.
3. Connect a good quality antenna, tuned to the operating frequency, to the
RF connector on the front of the modem. Use a good antenna, and place
is at as high-above obstructions as possible.
4. A separation distance of at least 20 centimeters must be maintained
between the transmitter's radiating structures and the body of the user or
nearby persons.
5. Connect the computer, terminal, controller, or other hardware device that
will be using the StingRay modem to its DB-9 serial I/O connector using a
shielded cable. Secure it to the StingRay with the two mounting screws on
the sides of the DB-9 connector.
6. If the antenna is mounted out doors, us a lighting arrestor in-line with the
antenna, and properly ground the antenna and the StingRay chassis to an
earth ground.
10. FCC Licensing Information
StingRay radio modems operate on radio frequencies that are regulated by the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In order to transmit on these
frequencies, you are required to have a license issued by the FCC.
Almost everyone engaged in public safety activities - as well as private
organizations, are required, to obtain a radio station license from the Federal
Communications Commission if they wish to use a radio transmitter.
The FCC will help you through the licensing process.
You can find the basic information you need to begin the process at the FCC
website. If you are engaged in public safety activities, you can go directly to:
http://wireless.fcc.gov/publicsafety
If you are a business, commercial, or institutional organization, you can go
directly to:
http://wireless.fcc.gov/services/ind&bus
In either case, you will be shown the regulations and the information you will
need to gather before you get started - your desired operating frequencies,
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
wideband/narrowband, antenna type and size, power/wattage, etc. You'll also get
information on how to obtain the necessary application forms - either in hard-
copy or electronic format - and how to proceed.
The FCC website also offers a list of Frequency Coordinators. These are private
organizations officially certified by the FCC to help you through the process, and
who in most cases will handle the actual filing of your application. With few
exceptions, you must apply for an FCC license through a Frequency Coordinator.
They are located throughout the country, making it easy for you to find one that is
familiar with radio operations in your area.
There are companies who specialize in assisting with licensing radio modems.
You may consider contacting one of the following:
Atlas License Company and Data Services
1-800-252-0529
http://www.alcds.com
Airwaves Licensing
1-717-334-0910
http://www.airwaveslicensing.com
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
10.1. Setting the Over-The-Air Data Rate
The SkyLine has programmable over-the-air baud rates. The over-the-air rate is
stored in register R2, and is programmed with the ATR2 x command, where x is
a number corresponding to the rate. The are many possible baud rates, but not
all rates may be used with all radio modem models. Consult the following table.
Over-the-air rate Radio
Bandwidth Number of
Modulation
Levels
StingRay Modem Models
that support the rates
800bps (R2=0) 12.5kHz or 25kHz 2 RV-M7-UC-N, RV-M7-UC-W
1200bps (R2=1) 12.5kHz or 25kHz 2 RV-M7-UC-N, RV-M7-UC-W
2400bps (R2=2) 12.5kHz or 25kHz 2 RV-M7-UC-N, RV-M7-UC-W
4800bps (R2=3)
Default setting 12.5kHz or 25kHz 2 RV-M7-UC-N, RV-M7-UC-W
8000bps (R2=4) 12.5kHz or 25kHz 4 RV-M7-UC-N, RV-M7-UC-W
9600bps (R2=5) 25kHz 2 RV-M7-UC-W only
19200bps (R2=6) 25kHz 4 RV-M7-UC-W
(will not work with Radio Type 5)
5142bps (R2=7) 12.5kHz or 25kHz 2 RV-M7-UC-N, RV-M7-UC-W, RV-
M7-UC-S
9600bps (R2=8) 12.5kHz or 25kHz 4 RV-M7-UC-N, RV-M7-UC-W
Changing the over-the-air data rate will change the sensitivity of the receiver.
Higher-data rates require a stronger signal at the receiver to be properly
received. The default over-the-air data rate for StingRay radio modems is 4800
baud for narrow-band versions, and 9600 baud for wide-band versions.
The maximum over-the-air baud-rate for a narrow-band radio (12.5kHz channel-
spacing) is 9600bps. Due to IF filter limitations, the StingRay does not work as
well at 9600 baud as some other rates. Its performance is optimized for 4800
baud 2-level modulation and 8000 baud 4-level modulation.
The maximum over-the-air baud-rate for a wide-band model (25kHz channel
spacing) is 19200bps. Due to IF filter limitations, it does not work as well at
19200 baud as lower data rates. Its performance is optimized for 9600 baud 2-
level modulation.
RV-M7-UC (narrow-band version)
Factory default, set R2 to 3 (4800 baud).
For high-speed operation, set R2 to 4 (8000 baud).
For best range (longest distance), set R2 to 1 (1200 baud)
Other data rates of 0(800bps), 2(2400bps), 3(4800bps), and 7(9600bps) will
work, but have a less optimal bit-error-rate vs. receive sensitivity.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
RV-M7-UC-W (wide-band version)
For high-speed operation, set R2 to 5 (9600 baud).
For best range (longest distance), set R2 to 1 (1200 baud)
Other data rates of 0(800bps), 2(2400bps), 3(4800bps), 7(9600bps), and
6(19,200bps) will work, but have a less optimal bit-error-rate vs. receive
sensitivity.
10.2. Debug Related Commands
Bench Testing
(Must be in command mode to test. Enter +++ at the keyboard to put unit into config/test mode.)
ATTD x Various transmit test routines.
0 = Go back to normal mode. Stops the test.
1 = Random data transmit.
2 = Hop up/down one channel
3 = Force PLL to fast lock mode
4 = Transmit all 0s
5 = Transmit all 1s
6 = Enable the test points on the PCB.
7 = Transmit CW on center of channel
8 = Transmit preamble (101010 pattern)
SHOW Display an overview of the configuration.
Ping xxxx Ping another modem over the air. Transmits a request to xxxx to see if
xxxx can hear the sending station. If it does, it answers with a response
transmission, containing its ID and the signal strength of the reception. .
ATST Display statistics of how the modem is working.
ATST 1 Display statistics of how the modem’s GPS is working (if installed).
AT$5 Display RSSI. It will scroll the reading until another character comes in
the serial port.
Packet Counter
The packet counter mode will output packet count statistics once per minute. It
will output the number of packets received in the last minute as well as the
running total. T
ATPE Begin counting and displaying the packet counters every minute
ATPE 1 Reset the packet counters back to zero
ATPE 2 Stop counting and displaying packet counters
Upon power up, the packet counter feature is always disabled.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
11. StingRay Diagnostic Provisions
11.1. Overview of Diagnostics
Internal to the StingRay radio modem, is a powerful 32-bit microprocessor.
Along with handing all aspects of radio modulation and demodulation, the
microprocessor also maintains an extensive array of diagnostic information.
This section details the diagnostic information available, and describes how to us
the information to optimize or troubleshoot a StingRay radio network.
11.2. Reading the Diagnostic Information
StingRay diagnostic information is read using AT commands, while the unit is in
the Command Mode. Refer to the section “User Serial Port Commands” to learn
how to put the StingRay modem into the Command Mode.
To see a general overview of how the modem has been operating, us the ATST
command (status request command), without any parameter. The radio modem
will respond with a list of certain operation statistics that it maintains. All statistics
start counting at 0. The ATST 1 command can be used to reset all statistics back
to 0, except the run-time timers.
Other operation and configuration statistics are available using the ATST
command, with a parameter to specify the desired statistic. The following table
describes the various statistics available.
11.3. Status and Statistics Command
AT
Command Command Description Response
ST General Communication Statistics – This command will cause the
StingRay to output a table of various operational statistics. Statistics
overview screen
ST1 GPS Statistics – Statistics related to the GPS operation, if installed. GPS Statistics
overview screen
ST2 Low-level internal statistics – Returns various low-level statistics.
These are subject to change in various firmware revisions. Low-level
statistics screen
ST3 Compile date and time – Returns the data and the time that the
firmware was compiled. Date and time
ST4 Run Time – Returns the amount of time that the modem has been
powered up and running. Run time display
screen
ST9 Reset all statistics counters OK
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
ST10 Statistic Read – Returns numeric values, comma separated, of all
statistics as described in the ST command. Run time display
screen
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
11.4. ATST Command
The ATST command, will return the following information:
STATISTICS
Good RX Packets : nnn (packets received over the air with no bit-errors and correct address)
With Bad CRCs : nnn (over-the-air packets with bit errors that were discarded)
With Bad Noise : nnn (receptions that were aborted due to noise, CW jamming, lost signal…)
Bytes received : nnn (number of bytes this modem received, and sent out its serial port)
Bytes transmitted: nnn (number of bytes this modem received via the serial port, and
transmitted over the air)
Packets send : nnn (number of packets this modem has transmitted over the air.
Retransmissions in the ARQ mode are not counted)
ACKs received : nnn (Number of ACK packets this modem received, when ARQ was
enabled)
ACKs transmitted : nnn (Number of ACK packets sent over-the-air in the ARQ mode)
Pkts last minute : nnn (Number of packets received during the last minute)
UART errors : nnn (serial port framing and overrun errors. Usually these are caused by
incorrect serial port settings)
OK
If there is a hardware problem, there may be one ore more hardware error
messages listing the error types (CPU Exceptions, OS Rebooted, or
Fatal OS failures). Consult the factory if any of these messages ever
appear.)
11.5. ATST2 Command
The ATST2 command, will return additional lower-level statistics:
RF FIFO overruns : nnn (number of times the modem was too busy to receive data over-the-air)
Wrong address : nnn (packets with addresses intended for some other unit. Also will count
apparent false packets due to random noise)
Duplicate packets: nnn (number of packets discarded because they already were received, and
subsequently re-received due to ARQ mode or a repeater)
Missing ACKs : nnn (number of transmissions in ARQ mode, where this sending StingRay
did not receive an ACK back as it expected to)
TX FIFO overflows: nnn (number of bytes of data that came into the StingRay over-the-air, and
there because there was no buffer space for the data, were discarded.
If greater than 0, the serial-port baud-rate should in increased. )
RX FIFO overflows: nnn (number of bytes of data came into the StingRay’s serial port, and there
was no room in the StingRay to buffer the data before transmission, so
these bytes were discarded. If greater than 0, flow-control should be
enabled, hardware flow-control implemented, or the serial-port baud
rate reduced.)
OS loop time : nnn (number of times OS executes, per baud. Typical 10-200. 0 or >5000
means there is a serious OS problem).
OS Speed : nnn (speed of the main Operating System, in Hz. Typical 8000-30000. )
VCO Bias : nnn (the DAC value that biases the VCO in the radio. 0-1024 = 0-3.3V)
Config : hhhh (hexadecimal representation of an internal configuration word.)
OK
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
11.6. ATST3 Command
The ATST3 command, will return the time and date the firmware in the StingRay was compiled.
11.7. ATST4 Command
The ATST4 command will return internal timers that tell how long the modem has been powered
up and running. All of these timers restart a 0 upon power up.
Run time:
Years: nnn (number of years running)
Days : nnn (number of days running, resets to 0 after one year)
Hours: nnn (number of hours running, resets to 0 after 23 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds)
Min: nnn (number of minutes running, resets to 0 after 59 minutes, 59 seconds)
Sec: nnn (number of seconds running, resets to 0 after 59 seconds)
Uptime:nnn (number of seconds running. Does not reset.
OK
11.8. AutoStatus
The auto-status feature of the StingRay enables it to automatically transmit a packet of status
information. By default, this feature is disabled.
To enable the Auto Status feature, use the ATAS xxx command, where xxx is the status interval
in minutes. The interval may be between 1minute an 65000 minutes (45 days).
The general format of the message that the modem will send is:
[an ASCII STX character, 02]
BEGIN STATUS
ATMY=1234
ATVR=D1
ATDT=1234
ATVB=12300
UPTIME=120
OSERR=0
PRX=1295
PTX=7933
[an ASCII ETX character, 03]
The first character is a Start of Text character. This is followed by the phrase “BEGIN STATUS”.
Each line in the status transmission is terminated with an ASCII carriage return (0D) and line feed
(0A).
As new features are added to the StingRay, there may be new status lines added, but all
StingRay modems with Revsion D or higher firmware support at a minimum, the above shown
status parameters. The status transmission will end with an ASCII 0 character, the End of Text
character.
The parameters passed in the status message are:
ATMY The ID of the modem sending the status.
ATVR The firmware version in the modem
ATDT The ID the modem is programmed to send data to.
ATVB DC voltage, in millivolts of the DC input to the modem.
UPTIME Number of seconds since this modem has turned on.
OSERR The number of Operatin System Errors. Normally this is 0.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
PRX The number of packets this modem has received.
PTX The number of packets this modem has transmitted.
The ID code that the status information is sent to, is set with the ATMA xxxx command.
Whenever a status transmission is sent, the “TO ID” of the transmission is the address set using
the ATMA command. This allows the system to be configured in a way the normal modem
communications take place between the modems, and the status information only is delivered to
modems that need to receive it.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
12. Tune-up and Alignment
Do not key the transmitter for more than 30 seconds out of
every 150 seconds if the RF power is set above 2 watts.
Radio calibration and alignment is performed using the ATRx commands. The
StingRay modem has been factory calibrated, in should not require any re-
calibration when installed, or when changing frequency or channel. Unless the
user is trained in radio test and calibration, the values stored in the R registers
should not be modified.
Improper adjustment of the radio calibration (R0-R9 and RA registers), can
result in failure of the radio modem.
Calibration and alignment values are stored internal to the modem in the “R”
registers. (R0-R9 and RA). For example, to read R5, issue the ATR8 command
without any parameter. To change the setting, issue the ATR8 nn command,
where nn is the new value you would like to store.
Once you read a register using an ATRx command, you may modify its value by
entering a “U” for up or a “D” for down. U or D will change the value by one. Use
this trick carefully, because it modifies the last R register that was read, and it is
easy to unintentionally modify the wrong register.
12.1. Periodic Calibration
The only setting that may require adjustment is the center frequency. After years
of operation, all crystals will age and change frequency slightly. The ATR8
command is used to adjust the center frequency. Like all narrow-band radios,
semi-annual checks and adjustment of frequency is recommended.
12.2. Center Frequency
1. Key the transmitter with CW output using this command:
ATTD 7
2. The modem will now put out CW on the center of the channel.
3. Read the frequency offset with the ATR8 command.
4. Adjust the frequency to the center of the channel with the ATR8
command. You can use the “U” key and the “D” key to change the
settings up and down one value in real time.
12.3. TX Deviation
1. Switch to channel 1.
2. Key the transmitter into a 50 ohm load using the ATTD 3 command. The
unit will now transmit, and send a digital 0 continuously. This should be
+2.0kHz in frequency for narrow-band radios (12.5kHz spaced channels)
and +4.0kHz for wide-band (25kHz channels).
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
3. Adjust the deviation register setting so that the frequency deviation is
correct. The deviation is set with a digital adjustment. Use the ATR0
command to read or set the deviation level.
12.4. TX Modulation Balance
(Note: This step is not performed on radios with Radio Type 5)
1. Set-up a service monitor to monitor the FM deviation of the transmitted
signal on an oscilloscope. The frequency response of the demodulated
FM signal must be greater than 10Hz to 5kHz without any de-emphasis.
2. Transmit random data with the StingRay, using the ATDT 1 command.
This command will cause the StingRay to automatically key up, and send
random data for one minute.
3. Verify the DC center of the demodulated data is stable. The random data
should be randomly timed 1s and 0s, and have little to no AC component
on them. See pictures below for details.
4. If necessary, change the ATR9 setting so that the long data bit have the
same amplitude and DC value as the shorter ones.
12.5. RX Carrier Detect
The DCD signal from the modem may be generated by detection of RF, using an
internal signal called RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indication). The RSSI signal
is an analog signal representing the strength of the RF carrier. It is compared
with a pre-set value, and if it is above this value, Carrier Detect is asserted. The
pre-set value may be change with the ATRA command.
When the modem is used in the Streaming Mode (non-packetized operation, you
may wish to configure the modem to require RF carrier detect to be active for the
modem to receive data. Use the ATRF command to enable/disable this feature.
To set the RF carrier detect level, perform the following steps:
1. Generate a test signal, 1kHz tone, 1.5kHz deviation, on the receive
frequency. Connect the signal generator to the antenna input. Turn the RF
level off.
2. Watch the RSSI DAC value by issuing the AT$5 command. The current
reading will be sent out the serial port.
3. Adjust the RF level to a point where you would like the RSSI to trigger the CD
signal. This is factory-set to -110dBm.
4. Send the ATRA nnn command. Set nnn to be equal to the RSSI setting you
would like the CD signal to trip at. The BUSY LED will also indicate an RF
carrier when the RF carrier is above the threshold set with the ATRA
command.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
5. Generate an RF signal on-channel with a level of -110dBm. Verify the
Power/BUSY LED stays on. If it does not, repeat step 4, adjusting in
increments of 10.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
13. SkyLine Compatibility
13.1. General
The StingRay RF modem has built-in compatibility with a radio modem made by
Sonik Technologies, Vytek Wireless, and Cal Amp called the SkyLine. In most
applications, Raveon’s StingRay modem can communicate with SkyLine
modems, provided the StingRay is properly configured. There are two versions
of the Skyline, a wide-band version running at 9600 bps over the air, and a
narrow-band version running at 5142bps over the air.
13.2. Configuring StingRay to Communicate with a SkyLine
To configure the StingRay modem to talk to an old SkyLine modem, the user
must configure the StingRay with these commands:
ATR2 7 This command tells the StingRay modem to operate with an over-the-
air baud rate of 5124 bits per second. This is the baud-rate of all
narrow-band (12.5Khz spaced) SkyLine radio modems. Wide-band
SkyLine radios operated at 9600 baud over the air. The command to
set the StingRay to 9600 baud over the air is ATR2 5.
ATR5 8 This command tells the StingRay modem to send 8 bytes of pre-
amble before every transmission.
MYID 1234 The MYID of the StingRay modem is set with the ATMY command or
the MYID command. The default MYID of the SkyLine was 1234.
TOID FFFF The TOID of the StingRay modem is set with the ATDT command or
the TOID command. The default TOID of the SkyLine was FFFF
(broadcast address).
A quick-configure command is included in the StingRay, to allow it to be easily
switch to the StingRay mode. The command is “SKYLINE”. When in the
configuration mode, enter SKYLINE, and the modem will reconfigure itself as a
narrow-band SkyLine modem, with TOID = FFFF, MYID=1234, 80 byte packets,
20mS serial port time out, channel 1 frequency, over-the-air baud rate 5142.
14. Antenna Information
Key to a successful installation is the choice and installation of a good antenna
system. A good quality antenna can more than double the range of a radio
system. Properly locating the antenna is vital to creating a quality radio link, and
a poor installation can decrease the range of the system by as much at 90%.
Use these guidelines to evaluate your antenna system design, and be sure
contact a quality radio communication equipment distributor such as Talley
Electronics (http://www.talleycom.com ) to help choose the proper antenna for
your system.
To increase your communications range, located the antenna high as needed,
practical, safe, and allowed by your license. On fixed base-station applications,
you may utilize an antenna with gain. Note: The maximum Permissible Exposure
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
(MPE) for this product was computed using a 0dB gain antenna, and must be
recalculated if a gain antenna is used.
Height Try to locate the antenna as high above obstructions, vehicle, and buildings as
possible. UHF radio channels require a clear “line-of-sight” between the
transmitter and the receiver. Radio waves will penetrate buildings, and reflect off
and around obstacles, but the fewer obstacles between stations the better the
signal quality.
Gain Antennas are specified by their gain. They actually do not have gain, but rather
they can increase the strength of a signal in certain directions, at the expense of
attenuating signals from other directions. Gain antennas always have “patterns”
of gain. It is important you understand the pattern of your antenna. Omni
directional antennas will receive from almost any angle, 360 degrees around
them.
Omni Antenna Directional Antenna
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
15. Appendix A. Serial Port Hardware
15.1. Serial Port Data and Handshaking Signals
In computer terminology, the RF modem is considered a “Data Communications
Equipment” device, or DCE. The user’s hardware that the modem is connected
to is considered “Data Terminal Equipment”, or DTE.
Following is a description of how data and control is communicated over the
various serial port signals between the modem (DCE) and another device (DTE)
that the modem’s I/O port is connected to.
TxD (INPUT)
This line is used to transmit data from the DTE to the DCE. It is maintained at a
logical 1 state when nothing is transmitted. If Hardware Flow Control is enabled
in the modem, the terminal will start to transmit data to the modem when a logical
1 is present on all of the following lines:
• Clear To Send (output from modem)
• Request to Send (output from the DTE)
RxD (OUTPUT)
This circuit is used to receive data from the DCE to the DTE. The modem will
start to transmit data to the DTE when a logical 1 is present on all of the following
lines:
• Data Terminal Ready (reply that it is OK to send)
• Data Set Ready (asserted by the modem)
RTS
On this line, the DTE will send a signal when it wants to receive data from the
StingRay modem. The StingRay modem will not output data unless this pin is
low, or “Flow Control” has been disabled in the modem set-up. When a DTE
(such as a PC or microcontroller) wants to stop the flow into it, it negates RTS.
Negated "Request To Send" (digital 1) means "request NOT to send to me" (stop
sending). When the DTE is ready for more bytes it asserts RTS (digital 0) and the
flow of bytes to it resumes. DCE equipment works the same way but sends the
stop signal out the CTS pin. Thus it's RTS/CTS flow control using 2 lines. The
user may turn this feature off or on, using the ATCH command. The default is
OFF. To turn it on, issue an ATCH 1 command.
CTS
This signal is an output from the StingRay, and it indicates the StingRay’s ability
to send more data. If the user tries to send more data into the StingRay than the
StingRay can transmit over the air, it will negate the signal on this pin. The CTS
may be asserted when the serial-port data rate is greater to or equal to the over-
the-air rate. For example, if the over-the-air data rate is set to 2400 baud, and
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
the user is send data into the modem at 9600 baud, the modem will negate the
CTS signal once the StingRay’s internal data buffers become full.
CD
On this line the modem indicates to the DTE that it has received a carrier from a
remote device. It will assert this signal any time there is a carrier detected. The
modem may be configured to assert this when an RF carrier is detected (any on-
channel RF, voice or data), assert it only when another RF modem signal is
detected, or always assert it. The operation of this line is configured with the
ATR1 command. The default is 1 (asserts when StingRay data is detected on
the radio receiver).
DTR
This line is an input to the StingRay. It is normally ignored because the default
configuration of the StingRay modem is to ignore this signal. If the DTR line is
enabled for use, using the ATK5 1 command, the DTR input line can be used to
put the StingRay modem into its SLEEP mode. With DTR enabled, anytime the
DTR line is a logic 0, the StingRay will be operating normally. With DTR
enabled, anytime the DTR line is a logic 1, the StingRay will go into a SLEEP
mode, drawing much less DC power.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
15.2. Null modem without handshaking
Sometimes, a “Null Modem” cable may be required to connect the StingRay
modem to another device. The specific connections are very dependent upon
the type of hardware and handshaking used, but the following sections should
help in configuring a null-modem cable.
How to use the handshaking lines in a null modem configuration? The simplest
way is to don't use them at all. In that situation, only the data lines and signal
ground are cross connected in the null modem communication cable. All other
pins have no connection. An example of such a null modem cable without
handshaking can be seen in the figure below.
Simple null modem without handshaking
(DB-9 Female shown. Same wiring for male-to-male cable)
Connector 1 Connector 2 Function
2 3 Rx Tx
3 2 Tx Rx
5 5 Signal ground
15.3. Compatibility issues
There is a problem, if either of the two devices checks the DSR or CD inputs.
These signals normally define the ability of the other side to communicate. As
they are not connected, their signal level will never go high. This might cause a
problem.
The same holds for the RTS/CTS handshaking sequence. If the software on
both sides is well structured, the RTS output is set high and then a waiting cycle
is started until a ready signal is received on the CTS line. This causes the
software to hang because no physical connection is present to either CTS line to
make this possible. The only type of communication which is allowed on such a
null modem line is data-only traffic on the cross connected Rx/Tx lines.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
15.4. Null modem with full handshaking
In this null modem cable, seven wires are present. The cable is shown in the
following figure.
Null modem with full handshaking
(DB-9 Female shown. Same wiring for male-to-male cable)
Connector 1 Connector 2 Function
2 3 Rx Tx
3 2 Tx Rx
4 6 DTR DSR
5 5 Signal ground
6 4 DSR DTR
7 8 RTS CTS
8 7 CTS RTS
15.5. Compatibility issues
The null modem cable with full handshaking does not permit the older way of flow
control to take place. The main incompatibility is the cross connection of the RTS
and CTS pins. Originally, these pins are used for a question/answer type of flow
control. When the full handshaking null modem cable is used, there is no request
anymore. The lines are purely used for telling the other side if communication is
possible.
The main advantage of this cable is, that there are two signaling lines in each
direction. Both the RTS and DTR outputs can be used to send flow control
information to the other device. This makes it possible to achieve high
communication speeds with this type of null modem cable, provided that the
system has been designed for it.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
16. Troubleshooting
Symptom: Unit will not receive
Solution #1. Verify that the modem is on the correct RF channel. If it is, the RX LED should
blink every time another modem tries to transmit to it. If the RX LED does not blink when it
should be receiving, it is on the wrong RF frequency.
Soultion #2. If the addresses match, and RX LED blinks but still no reception of data, verify
that the RTS signal is asserted. The StingRay will not output data if the RTS signal on the DB-9
I/O connector is not asserted. If the user’s hardware cannot assert the RTS hardware line,
disable hardware flow control in the StingRay modem, using the ATCH 0 command.
Solution #3. If the RX LED blinks, verify that the Unit Address of the sending modem matches
the unit address of the receiving modem. If this is OK, verify that the over-the-air baud rate of all
modems is the same (ATR2 command).
Solution #4. Verify Low Power Mode. The StingRay has an optional Low Power Mode
(LPM). If LPM is enabled, the StingRay will power down whenever the DTR line of the serial port
is turned off. The Power LED will blink once every 10 seconds in the LPM mode. The ATRP
command is used to set or read the Low Power Mode. ATRP 1 enables it, and ATRP 0 disables
it. If LPM is used (ATRP 1), then the StingRay will turn off when the DTR line is off, or the
program connected to the serial port is closed, or the RS-232 connector is un plugged.
Symptom: Unit will not transmit
Solution #1. Verify that CTS is wired. Some devices that could be connected to the StingRay
will require the CTS signal to be asserted. The StingRay does assert this signal, but if the wire is
not connected, you device may not be outputting data to the StingRay. If the TX LED blinks, the
StingRay is transmitting data. Every time data enters the modem, the TX LED should blink
Solution #2. Verify that serial port timeout is OK. The ATG0 command sets the number of
microseconds that the StingRay will look for in the serial input data stream. If a pause greater
than this value happens, the modem will transmit. If the ATG0 paramter is set very large, say
2000000, this means 2 seconds, and the modem may simply be waiting a long time
Solution #3. Verify that the radio channel is clear or BCL is off. The ATBC 1 command
enables Busy Channel Lockout. If BCL is on, the modem will not transmit on a busy channel.
The ATBC 0 command turns it off, and thus the modem will transmit when it needs to, regardless
if the channel is busy. The RX led on the front of the modem is illuminated whenever the radio
channel is busy (RF present).
Solution #4. Verify Low Power Mode. The StingRay has an optional Low Power Mode
(LPM). If LPM is enabled, the StingRay will power down whenever the DTR line of the serial port
is turned off. The Power LED will blink once every 10 seconds in the LPM mode. The ATRP
command is used to set or read the Low Power Mode. ATRP 1 enables it, and ATRP 0 disables
it. If LPM is used (ATRP 1), then the StingRay will turn off when the DTR line is off, or the
program connected to the serial port is closed, or the RS-232 connector is un plugged.
Symptom: Receive light blinks, but no data is received
Solution #1. Verify Input/Output Configuration. The StingRay has numerous I/O options.
RS232 is standard, but Ethernet, RS485 or RS422 may be configured also. Use the ATIO
command to view how the I/O is configured. ATIO 0 is the default (RS232 mode).
Solution #2. Verify the serial port baud rate. This is difficult if it is set wrong, because you
cannot enter the command mode to check it. Try all possible baud rates, and see if one of them
works with the modem. Alternately, remove the rear cover of the modem, and press the CONFIG
button. This will force the modem into the Command Mode, as well as set the serial port to 9600
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
baud, 8 data bits, one stop, and no parity. If the baud-rate was OK, verify the AT, BT and CT
times, that they are long enough for you to enter the +++ string.
Symptom: Long delay before transmitting
Solution #1. Verify that serial port timeout is OK. The ATR3 command sets the number of
milliseconds that the StingRay will look for in the serial input data stream. If a pause greater than
this value happens, the modem will transmit. If the ATG0 parameter is set very large, say 2000,
this means 2 seconds, and the modem may simply be waiting a long time. Typical settings for
this parameter are 20 (20mS).
Symptom: Modified parameters are lost at power-up
Solution #1. Issue an ATSV command. After any parameter is modified, the modem will
operate with the new setting, but unless the ATSV command is issued, it will revert to the old
setting upon turning power off and back on again. The ATSV command saves all parameters into
EEPROM memory, and these saved parameters are restored upon power up.
Symptom: Cannot enter Command Mode
Solution #1. Verify the serial port baud rate. This is difficult if it is set wrong, because you
cannot enter the command mode to check it. Try all possible baud rates, and see if one of them
works with the modem. Alternately, remove the rear cover of the modem, and press the CONFIG
button. This will force the modem into the Command Mode, as well as set the serial port to 9600
baud, 8 data bits, one stop, and no parity. If the baud-rate was OK, verify the AT, BT and CT
times, that they are long enough for you to enter the +++ string.
Solution #2. Handshaking. You may have hardware handshaking enabled on your terminal
program, but the hardware or cable may not support it. Disable hardware handshaking on your
terminal program to verify this is the issue.
Symptom: Modem appears dead.
Solution #1. Verify the power is on. When the modem has good DC power, the PWR LED
will blink once per second. If it is not blinking, either the modem does not have power, the
modem is broken, or the LEDs have been disabled via the ATL0 command.
Solution #2. Verify the internal fuse OK. There is an internal fuse in the RV-M7, protecting it
from reverse-voltage and electrical failures. If the power LED does not blink or come on when
DC is applied, check the fuse and replace it with the same type 3-amp mini fuse, and try again. If
you replace the fuse, the unit must be carefully check for damage and proper operation before
being installed. If you replace the fuse, you must use a Littlefuse brand fuse, part number
0297003 or Raveon part, number 1X726-3 to maintain calibration of your unit.
Solution #3. Verify Low Power Mode. The StingRay has an optional Low Power Mode
(LPM). If LPM is enabled, the StingRay will power down whenever the DTR line of the serial port
is turned off. The Power LED will blink once every 10 seconds in the LPM mode. The ATRP
command is used to set or read the Low Power Mode. ATRP 1 enables it, and ATRP 0 disables
it. If LPM is used (ATRP 1), then the StingRay will turn off when the DTR line is off, or the
program connected to the serial port is closed, or the RS-232 connector is un plugged.
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
17. Mechanical
Company Confidential 60 Raveon Technologies Corp.
Limited Two Year Warranty
If within two years from date of purchase, this product fails due to a defect in material or
workmanship, Raveon Technologies, Incorporated will repair or replace it, at Raveon’s sole
discretion. This warranty is extended to the original consumer purchaser only and is not
transferable.
This warranty does not apply to: (a) product damage caused by accident, dropping or abuse in
handling, acts of God or any negligent use; (b) units which have been subject to unauthorized
repair, opened, taken apart or otherwise modified; (c) units not used in accordance with
instructions; (d) damages exceeding the cost of the product; (e) batteries; (f) the finish on any
portion of the product, such as surface and/or weathering, as this is considered normal wear and
tear; (g) transit damage, initial installation costs, removal costs, or reinstallation costs; (h) damage
due to lighting, floods, fire, or earthquakes.
RAVEON TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR
LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE
LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF
ALL OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING
THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND THE WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE HEREBY MODIFIED TO EXIST ONLY AS CONTAINED IN THIS
LIMITED WARRANTY, AND SHALL BE OF THE SAME DURATION AS THE WARRANTY
PERIOD STATED ABOVE. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON THE
DURATION OF AN IMPLIED WARRANTY, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO
YOU.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from
state to state.
Warranty service is available by mailing postage prepaid to:
Raveon Technologies Corporation
2780 La Mirada Dr
Suite C
Vista, CA 92081
To obtain warranty service, include a copy of the original sales receipt or invoice showing the
date, location, and price of purchase. Include a written description of the problem with the
product, a phone number and name of person who may be contacted regarding the problem, and
the address to where the product should be returned.
Products repaired under warranty will typically have their program memories erased and reset to
factory default settings.