Raymarine Gps Navigation Manual

GPS Navigation to the manual f10533fa-70a2-4015-b863-4d7d23d4b487

2014-12-13

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Any reference to Raytheon or

RTN in this manual should be

interpreted as Raymarine.

The names Raytheon and RTN

are owned by the

Raytheon Company.

NAV398GPS/IL>RAI\l

GPSlLORAN

OPERATION MANUAL

Table of Contents

Page

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

1 .O General

1.1 About This Manual

SECTION 2 INSTALLATION

2.0 General

2.1 Unpacking and Inspection

2.1.1 Equipment Supplied

2.2 Display Installation

2-2

2.2.1 Choosing a Location

2-2

2.2.2 Mounting the NAV Unit

2-3

2.2.3 Flush Mounting

2-3

2.3 Electrical Connections

2-4

2.3.1 Power Input

2-5

2.3.2 Sensor Connections

2-5

2.3.3 Interface to External Navaids

2-6

2.3.4 Ground Connection

2-7

SECTION 3 OPERATION

3.1 General

3.2 The Keyboard

3.3 Basic Operations

3.3.1 Turning the Unit ON/OFF

3.3.2 Contrast/Backlighting Level

3.3.3 Auto Start-up

3.3.4 Selecting Loran/GPS Mode

3.4 Initializing Sensors

3.4.1 Estimated Latitude

3.4.2 Estimated Longitude

3.4.3’The

Status Page

l-l

2-l

3-1

3-3

3-4

3-5

3-6

3-7

3.5 Main Display Modes

3.5.1 Position Display Mode

3.5.2 Customizing Display Modes

3.5.3 Navigation Display Mode

3.5.4

CD1

Display Mode

3.5.5 Plot Display Mode

3.5.6 Simulator Mode

3.5.7 Display Mode Operations

3.5.7.1 Saving Events

3.5.7.2 GOT0 Destinations

3.6 Entering Waypoints

3.6.1 General Waypoint Information

3.6.2

Waypoint

Directory

3.6.3 Naming Waypoints

3.6.4..Storing

Waypoints

3.6.4.1 Entry by L/L

3.6.4.2 Entry by TDs

3.6.4.3 Entry by Bearing/Distance

3.6.5 Waypoint List Operations

3-24

3.6.5.1 Selecting Waypoints

3-25

3.6.5.2 Editing Waypoints

3-25

3.6.5.3 SF Operations

3-25

3.7 Setting Alarms

3-27

3.7.1

Arrival Alarm

3-27

3.7.2 Anchor Alarm

3-28

3.7.3 Off-Course Alarm 3-29

3.8 Man-Overboard Mode

3-29

3.9 Route Plans

3.9.1 Make a Route

3.9.2 Following Route Plans

3.9.3 Editing Route Plans

3.9.4 Erasing Route Plans

3.10 The Menu Key

3-35

3.10.1 Main Menu Directory

3-35

3.10.2 Signal Status Pages 3-36

3-8

3-11

3-l 1

3-12

3-13

3-16

3-17

3-19

3-21

3-22

3-23

3-24

3-30

3-31

3-32

3-33

3-34

__.

_*.--_

..,.

.-.--.---

.-_

SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

1 .O General

Congratulations on selecting Raytheons’

NAV 398

for Loran-C/GPS navi-

gation aboard your vessel. We are sure you will enjoy using this ultra modern,

full function, and compact navigation system. The NAV 398, with its’ large

STN LCD display, excellant graphics, on-sceen prompts, and oversized soft

silicon keys, provide simple operations to guide you through the various

navigation functions. From the moment you turn on the

NAV 398, you

will

be surprised at how easy it can be to use this Loran-C or GPS Navigator.

The

NAV 398

is a feature-packed Navigator that operates with inputs from

the Raynav 508 or 508A Loran-C sensors, or with the Raystar 108 8-Channel

GPS sensor, or with both sensors together. One key press gives you quick

access to either navigation system.

The

NAV

unit includes storage for up to 500 waypoints and 10 route plans

in the NAV unit’s internal memories.

The[m[

key stores your present

position as a waypoint instantly with a single key press.

The[E[(Man-

Overboard) key not only stores an instant position with one key press, but

activates a special display to steer you back to the MOB location. A special

Dynamic

CD1

display provides a 3-D effect for steering to destinations in

the route; even showing turns in the route and waypoints along the way.

1.1 About This Manual

The purpose of this manual is

to provide you with the most

important information for ob-

taining the best operation and

performance from your NAV

unit. Please take the necessary

time to read the various sec-

tions.

INTRODUCTION l-l

In the event that you are using a Loran-C Navigator for the first time, please

refer to the Raynav 508/508~ Loran-C Sensor instruction manual for basic

loran information. The Introduction section of the 508 manual includes a

listing of common Loran C Terminology used with loran.

If your

NAV398

is using the

RAYSTAR 108

GPS Sensor, the Raystar 108

instruction manual includes a general description of the GPS system which

may also be helpful. The

Raystar

108 GPS sensor is compatible with

Raytheon’s Differential Beacon Receiver. If you have added the DGPS

Receiver to your system, a simple explanation of the US Coast Guard’s

DGPS system is included in that manual for your reference.

Section 2 of this manual contains important information concerning the

installation of your new NAV unit. Although the typical installation might

seem straightforward and simple, we highly recommend that this section be

read completely and the guidelines for installation be closely followed to

assure a more trouble free and efficient operation of your new unit.

Section

covers the Operations of the

NAV 398

and is intended to get you

thoroughly familiar with the unit’s controls and display formats. The

NAV

398

uses many on-screen prompts to help guide you through operations and

logical key operations, which should be easy to remember.

The best way to learn about your

NAV 398

is to dive right in. You can’t

damage the unit by randomly pressing the keys, so don’t be afraid to

experiment. If at any time the results appear confusing, just press the

key and start again.

Section 4 contains technical information concerning some basic care and

maintenance for your unit. In the event that the unit should ever require

repairs, it is recommended that these services be provided by an Authorized

Raytheon repair facility or by the Raytheon Factory Service Center.

Before proceeding to install this unit, please take a few moments to fill out

the warranty registration card located behind the front cover of this manual.

You must return this card to Raytheon Marine Company to assure the

registration of the warranty for your

NAV

unit. The postage is prepaid if the

card is mailed within the USA.

INTRODUCTION 1-2

SECTION2

INSTALLATION

2.0

General

Although your NAV 398 is designed to the highest levels of quality and

performance, it can best attain those standards only when it has been properly

installed. This section provides the user with practical guidelines to assist in

the planning and the installation of the

NAV 398

aboard your vessel.

2.1 Unpacking and Inspection

Use care when unpacking the unit from its shipping carton to prevent

damage to the contents. It is also good practice to save the carton and interior

packing material until the unit has been installed on the vessel. The original

packing material should be used in the unlikely event that it is necessary to

return the unit to the factory.

2.1.1 Equipment Supplied

The table below lists items that are included with your

NAV

398.

If an item

is missing, contact your Raytheon dealer for assistance.

Item

Description Part Number Quantity

NAV 398

Display G263746- 1

Power Cable CQC-4737

Instr. Manual G263746-5

4Spare Fuse MF60NR-2A

Yoke Bracket MTD005707

Yoke Knobs MPTG30012

Hardware Kit

INSTALLATION 2-l

2.2 Display Installation

2.2.1 Choosing a Location

When choosing the location to mount the

NAV

Display unit, please consider

the following criteria for the site:

The best location to provide ease of operation and viewing of the unit.

The best location to provide protection from the elements of the

environment. Even though the

NAV

398

is designed to meet the toughest

USCG waterproofing specifications, common sense dictates that it

should be mounted, whenever possible, so that it is not exposed to the

direct effects of salt spray or the hot sun.

The best location with the most separation from sources of interference.

lIIizl

NAV396GPSLORAN

The unit can be mounted to a chart tabletop, suspended from the overhead,

or attached to a bulkhead using the yoke bracket supplied.

6 6

TABLE TOP

BULKHEAD OVERHEAD

INSTALLATION 2-2

-__

.__

..-:

-_*..-.

”

-1..-

..-w... ~

2.2.2 Mounting the NAV Unit

Use the following steps for yoke mounting of the

NAV

Unit:

Loosen the yoke knobs on each side of the

unit. and remove the mounting yoke bracket.

2. Position the bracket to the mounting surface

and mark the holes for the mounting screws.

3. Mount the bracket with the screws supplied.

4. Slide the unit back into the yoke and secure

in the desired viewing position by

tightening the yoke knobs. IN THE YOKE BRACKET

4 HOLES .25”

8.07”?

2.2.3 Flush Mounting

The display can also be flush mounted in a console using the Optional Flush

Mount Kit (M95990) or the Trim Ring Kit (M95995) to give a more finished

look to your installation.

TRIM

RING

CONSOLE

MOUNTINQ

M95995 ,+=+A -__.-.

FLUSH MOUNT KIT

1. Select the desired flush mounting location. A clear, flat area of at least

9” wide by 5” high having at least 5” of clear depth behind the panel is

INSTALLATION 23

required. When using the Trim Ring Kit, add

3/4”

to the width and height

clearance dimensions.

CAUTION

Make sure there are no hidden electrical wires or other items behind the

desired location before proceeding. Check to see that free access for mount-

ing and cabling is available.

2.Using the dimensions for the cutout hole shown,

draw the pattern for the cutout hole on the console.

3. Drill two l/2” pilot holes inside the cutout guide

area at diagonal corners.

4. Using an appropriate saw, cut along the outside

of the cutout line.

5. Remove the yoke knobs and the yoke and the rubber spacers from the

cabinet. If using the Flush Mount Kit verify that the unit fits correctly into

the cutout. If using the Trim Ring Kit, attach the Trim Ring, then test fit into

the cutout. It may be necessary to notch out some clearance in the cutout to

pass the trim ring hardware through the panel.

7. Complete the installation of the DC power cable, data output, and sensor

wiring into the console as per section 2.4 of this chapter. Be sure to allow

some slack in the cables for service to the equipment when necessary.

8. Connect all cables to the unit rear panel.

9. Insert the NAV unit into the panel. Use a flat washer, locking washer,

and nut on each stud and secure to the console. In some cases you may prefer

to apply a light coat of RTV sealant around the cutout to seal the console.

2.3 Electrical Connections

The standard connections which are

normally made to enable the

NAV 398

to operate are the ship’s DC power, to

either a Raynav 508 or 508A Loran-C

sensor or to a Raystar 108 GPS sensor

or both. The NAV unit can also supply

NMEA data to other equipments. The

next sections discuss how to make NMEAj!EATALK

these connections.

INSTALLATION 2-4

_.j___-

_..,

.-j

--,-

2.3.1 Power Input

The NAV

398

is intended for use on vessels with 12 VDC power systems

and can operate as long as the DC supply is maintained between 10 and 16

volts. The DC power system can be “negative” ground or have both positive

and negative supply lines “floating” above ground. The

NAV 398 is

not

intended

for

use

pas

itiv,a”

pround

ve&

A 6 foot cable assembly containing wiring for the DC power and Data

Output is supplied with your display unit and in many cases will be adequate

to reach near the source of the 12 VDC power.

For best noise immunity

from other shipboard elec-

tronics, if possible, avoid

grouping the power connec-

tions on the same circuit

breaker with radar, radio, or

echo sounder power leads.

The NAV unit’s wiring

should be kept separate as

much as possible from other

devices.

FUSE RED

BROWN

DATA IN

DATA OUT+

DATA OUT-

-12VDC

+WD

DATA IN

Power Cable Wiring Diagram

Although the

NAV

unit’s power consumption is typically less than 5 watts,

if the power leads need to be extended more than 10 feet, the wire size of the

leads should be increased accordingly to minimize line losses. For cable runs

of 20

35 feet #12 AWG wire is recommended.

OBSERVE PROPER POLARITY!

The

RED

wire should be connected to

the POSITIVE (+)

sauce

terminal;

the BLACK wire should be connected to the NEGATIVE

(-)

source

terminal If the power leads are accidentally reversed, the in-line fuse will

blow. If this happens, recheck the polarity of the connections with a voltmeter

(VOM) and, if necessary, reverse the leads for proper connection. Replace

the fuse.

2.3.2 Sensor Connections

The sensor units used with the NAV 398 normally obtain their

12VDC

operating power input from the NAV unit and, when the NAV unit has been

turned ON, the sensors can then proceed to locate and track signals and

INSTALLATION 2-5

provide ship’s L/L position data on their own

without other input requirements.

In a typical installation, the

6-pin

GPS sensor

connector is plugged directly into

the jack labeled

“GPS”

on the rear of the cabinet. The 5

Pin plug

of the Loran-C sensor is connected to the jack

labeled “LORAN”.

‘SZ

If you are using the

Raystar

108 GPS sensor

together with the DGPS Beacon Receiver, the

“Y”

cable lead marked “Display” plugs into the GPS

jack.

2.3.3 Interface to External Navaids

The Power cable assembly (shown in the figure) includes two wires which

can provide an output of NMEA 0183 formatted data or

SeaT&data

for

other navigational equipment such as radars, auto-pilots, video sounders, and

plotters. Since the NAV unit outputs one data or the other, the same

connections are used for either NMEA or

SeaTalk

data. The wires are

marked and colored as follows:

YELLOW = DATA+

GREEN

= DATA

The NAV 398 may supply NMEA 0183 data for up to three external

equipments. Navaid devices connected to this output can receive the follow-

ing NMEA 0 183 sentences:

If LORAN Sensor is in use:

GLL, GTD, RMA, RMB, VTG,

APA,

APB, BWC.

If GPS Sensor is in use:

GLL, RMC, RMB, VTG,

APA,

APB, HSC, BWC.

When

SeaTalk

data is used, the NAV unit provides: magnetic variation,

COG, Cross-Track error, Lat./Long, GPS status data (including HDOP, fix

status), SOG,

waypoint

#, bearing, and distance, Arrival alarm, and MOB

signals to the SeaTalk bus.

External navigation equipment requiring NMEA 0183 data inputs nor-

mally obtain their required data via connection to the

NAV

398

data output (

yellow & green ) wires. However, some users may wish to operate the GPS

(or Loran) sensor unit directly with other navigational equipment capable of

INSTALLATION 2-6

__ _

___._...

_./

---I-”

7.”

accepting position data in the NMEA format. Please refer to the Raystar 108

or Raynav 508/508A instruction manuals for details on making this type of

interconnection.

Data Input

One feature of the NAV398 is to transfer the

waypoint

and route memory

contents of the internal memory to external computer files and to re-load the

memory from the computer.

Downloading of files occurs through the Data Output connections (Green

and Yellow wires). To Upload files into the NAV unit the Data Input wires

of the power cable assembly should be used. Make connections as follows:

DATAIN + = WHITE

DATA IN

= BROWN

The data Input must be in the NMEA 0 183 format using the WPL and RTE

sentences.

2.3.4 Ground Connection

One important need in any installation is to obtain the cleanest, noise-free

signals possible, for measuring and calculating your position. Part of this

requirement can be met by assuring a proper connection from your NAV unit

to the ship’s ground system. The ground system provides both a completion

of the signal path for the sensor and a drain for noise sources.

There are two separate wires labeled “GROUND” in the cable assembly.

Both the WHITE and BROWN wires should be connected to the nearest

connection point of the ship’s

Rl?

ground system.

Normally, on a steel hull boat, a good clean connection to the ship’s hull

makes a sufficient ground. On Fiberglas or wood hull vessels, connection to

a ground plate or to the engine block or other bonded groundwork should

provide acceptable grounding.

INSTALLATION 2-7

34v4.

714'

118" 35.236'

34O14.714'

b-l

118"

35.236'

’

)

POS

34Ol4.714'

118"

35.236'

123'm

093'm

DTG

Sffi

11.7nm

10.9kt

NAV 1

I! \

35%.

452 ,

w115v5.223

MAIN DISPLAY MODES

NAV 398

INSTALLATION 2-8

..._._,_

..“.

-.w.--

SECTION3

OPERATION

3.1 General

This chapter provides instructions for the operation of your new NAV 398

LCD NAVigator unit.

We think you will find the operation of the NAV 398 to be easy and

straightforward. The approach to take in becoming familiar with it’s opera-

tion is one of relaxed confidence. The unit is quite “user friendly” and relies

on screen prompting to guide you through the operations and set-up menus.

As you progress through the operating section, take time to practice each

function of your NAV398. Study the illustrations and repeat operations, if

necessary, until you have become comfortable and confident. Time spent in

becoming familiar with the unit will strengthen your knowledge, confidence,

and skill in using this full-featured NAVigator where it counts....afloat.

Thank you for selecting one of

Raytheon’s fine NAVigation products.

Great care and effort has been put into

providing you with a useful, attractive

design. We are sure it will provide

many years of valuable

NAVigation

data and trouble free operation.

3.2

The Keyboard

The

NAV

398 is designed for simple

operation, but if you should ever become confused over which display you

are on or, if you get lost while performing various operations or entries,usu-

ally pressing the

-1

key

will always return you to the Position display

or the familiar Main menu.

One other item to remember about the keyboard is that a “valid” or correct

key press is confirmed by a single audio “beep” tone, while if an invalid or

wrong key is pressed, a series of multiple “beeps” will be heard. If this

happens, just check the screen again and pick the proper key operation.

OPERATION 3-1

The keyboard consists of 15 silicon rubber keys. Some of the keys carry

dual labels such

as(ormkeys

and are normally used to enter the

main operations of the

NAV

unit. The numeric operation of the key is used

once vou have entered the main oueration. Notice that some keys such as

1-1

and/morJMENUJ

have only one label and perform only one

operation when depressed. When Menus are on screen,

th$%%&

IGoTo/7)

and

thdE[

keys are softkeys used to activate selections on the menus.

KEY

PURPOSE

rAkARMf9

Turns power On/Off; activates ContrastILite menu .

Accepts data for entry;

Reverts to Main menu or POS display; resets numeric

values to 0; silences audio beeper.

Selects Position displays; selects digit 1.

Selects NAVigation displays; selectsdigit 2.

Selects a

waypoint

as a destination;selects digit 3.

Selects

Waypoint

entry function; selects digit 4.

Selects Route functions; selects digit 5.

Memorizes ship’s present position into designated

Waypoint memory; selects digit 6.

Selects destination waypoints; selects digit 7.

Selects Plot Mode display; selects digit 8.

Selects Alarm menu; selects digit 9.

Selects Loran C or GPS operations; selects digit 0.

Selects menu operations.

Selects Man-Overboard special alarm function.

OPERATION 3-2

___._*

.- _,_~..

,-.

_._-- .-

-c_.

I“---.-.

3.3

Basic Operations

Now that the NAV unit has been properly installed and the keypad layout

has been described, we should be ready to begin learning the basic operations

of the unit. So, let’s press the power key and get going!

3.3.1 Turning Unit On/ Off

To turn the unit ON, press

themlkey.

To turn the unit

OFF,

press the /pwRp<ey

andmqkeys

simultaneously.

The LCD screen will go blank and the unit will be OFF.

3.3.2 Contrast/Backlighting Level

The LCD display contrast level and the keypad

illumination may be adjusted for dusk or night

use and viewing. While the unit is ON, just press

them1

key to turn the backlighting menu On.

The Backlighting menu is only temporary and

will disappear when 7 seconds have elapsed

with no keys pressed.

CONTRAST

HI LO

LITE

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

3.3.2.1 Contrast Setting

When the

BackLight

menu appears, use

thelwpT/4[and[T

keys to

vary the contrast level of the LCD for best viewing. The level ranges from 0

to 15.

The/eikey

increases the contrast

level;llkey

decreases the

contrast level, as the arrows indicate.

3.3.2.2 Backlighting

Use

thelc/uolkey

to highlight HI, LOW, or OFF. The selection becomes

the active choice when it is backlighted in the menus.

3.3.3 Auto Start-up

Each time the

NAV

398 is turned “ON”, the

NAV

398 ID screen indicates

operation has begun. While this screen is in view, the

NAV

398

is beginning

an internal self-test to verify that the Loran-C sensor, GPS sensor, or both (if

connected) are working, as well as testing its own internal memories.

The

NAV 398

ID screen usually appears for about 3 seconds. The smaller

characters on this screen show the version of the operating software program

used inside the NAV unit. This version number is handy information to

remember should a problem develop within the unit.

OPERATION 3-3

l.“,T..

-se

NWV 9PB

L”

HNAV

398

ROM OK

MRSON

‘&WON

1.0

RAM

-4

SENSOR OK

NOW TESTING

I I

To SIONAL SYAYU.9 (IF NOT

lMCNlN0)

To FMlYlON DlSFiAY IF TRACK,,,O.

The ID screen is then followed by a second screen which advises that the

SELF TEST is in process, and a third screen prints the

SELF TEST

results .

anytime by pressing the

The Signal Status screen provides a readout or the progress made by the

sensors in acquisition and tracking of the signals. Once full signal lock-on

has been achieved, the screen switches to the

Position

display, the Auto

Startup sequence is completed, and normal operation is underway.

3.3.4 Selecting Loran/GPS Mode

One key feature of the

NAV

is that the unit can be either a loran or GPS

depending on the type of sensor that is connected,

.or

both, if a sensor for

each system is attached. Normally, if only one sensor is used, the unit detects

the type of sensor and automatically puts the

NAV

unit into the correct system

mode during the Auto Start-up program. If both the RayNAV 508/A Loran-C

and

Raystar

108 GPS sensors are connected,

.each

system will always be

operating and normally tracking signals and either system can provide your

position and NAVigation data instantly.

TheI-

key is used to toggle the unit

between the two system sensors. The systems

can be changed anytime you are on the

PM-

tion, NAVigation, CDI, or PLOT modes.

When the GPS mode is selected, “GPS”

characters become illuminated along the bot-

tom left edge of the LCD display and the

latitude/longitude position and ship’s course

and speed data is then GPS derived.

OPERATION 3-4

.-_

___-

,__

-.*-.-T-T.--

. .

_;I

._.,..

. . .

-.c

_._.,..

.-..

.-.

If the Differential Beacon Receiver is connected and tracking the beacon

signal “DGPS” is indicated in the message window. The latitude/longitude

readouts will include the differential corrections for greater accuracy.

When the Loran-C mode is selected, the “LORAN” characters will be

illuminated along in the message window of the display and the L/L position

and ship’s course and speed data is then Loran-C derived.

When both GPS and Loran sensors are connected, the NAV unit always

selects the sensor that was “last used” when the power is turned ON. If its

the very first time the unit is used and both sensors are connected, the GPS

is always selected as the priority system.

3.4 Initializing Sensors

Although the

R~YNAV

508 Loran and Raystar 108 GPS sensors are capable

of finding the latitude/longitude position once they have been powered up,

at the very first power-up following installation or after a Master Reset, the

position finding process may take up to 30 minutes or more. This startup time

can be reduced to some degree by entering initialization information into the

sensor’s memory. The process for initializing each sensor appears in the

following paragraphs.

The very first time the NAV

unit is operated, or following

a Master reset of the unit, the

screen will prompt you to en-

ter your “estimated latitude”

coordinate followed by entry

of the “estimated longitude”

coordinate., Once you’ve en-

tered this information into the

sensors via the

NAV 398, the

sensors should be able to find

your location more rapidly.

The loran sensor only needs the initial L/L input and should typically lock-in

in 3 to 5 minutes. The GPS sensor also needs the initial L/L input and prefers

to have the Date and Time and Antenna height information as well for quick

acquisition and tracking.

OPERATION 3-5

The sensors always store the Lat/Lon position in memory. The next time

you use the NAV

unit, the only thing you’ll have to do is just turn it “ON”.

In a few minutes your position will be displayed.

3.4.1 Estimated Latitude

With the "ESTIMATED POSITION" screen displayed, enter the latitude of

your position, using six digits. It is a good idea to enter your position to within

one degree of latitude. When the numbers are correct.

nress(.

ESTIMATED POSITION

PUS&

42’

95.

QQ'

THENPRESSENTER

WQQQ'

QQ.QQ'

ESTIMATED POSITION

N 42’ Q5 QQ’

WJ’

THEN PRESS ENTER

WQz1’

14.5Q’

ENTERING INITIAL POSITION

If you’re new to navigation terminology, please refer to the Globe figure

on the previous page for verifying that the coordinate to be entered is truly

your latitude.

Check to see that the direction symbol

“N”

is correctly indicated to the left

of your latitude entry on the screen. If

“S”

is displayed, press thelN/Sbof?key

to change the symbol to

“N”.

Press

-1

when the direction is correct.

Example:

Press 4,2,0,5,0,0,

I-J-[,

for N 42’ 05.00’

Ifvou

make a mistake in entering your estimated latitude, press

theI-

key and start the entry again. When the entry is correct, press

-ito

accept the entry.

3.4.2 Estimated Loneitude

rDEGREES

~MINIJTES

When-1

is iressed to

finish

your latitude

entry, the message on the display screen will

changeto

"ENTJZRYOLJRLONGITUDE~~.

Asbefore,

W 071’ 25.10+~aom=

enter your estimated longitude numeric value, this

How to read a

Lat/Long

time using seven digits-with an accuracy within

OPERATION 3-6

one degree of longitude. For longitudes of less than 100 degrees, begin the

entry with

“0”.

After you press the

mjey,

check to see that the direction symbol “W”

is correctly indicated to the left of your longitude entry.

“E”

is displayed,

press the

\r/wl

softkey

to change the symbol to

fgW'T

or vice versa. If the

direction is correct,

pres@CKJ.

Example: 0,7,1,1,4,5,0,

mJ=lfor

W 71’ 14.50’

If you make any mistakes while entering your longitude, press

the-1

key and retype the entry. Then

press([to

complete the estimated

position entry.

When-1

is pressed to finish your longitude entry, the estimated

LAT/LON entry is complete and the display will return to the Auto Start-up

sequence at the Status page for sensor in use.

3.4.3 The Status Page

The STATUS screens show the condition of

the acquisition and tracking of signals for the

SIGNALSTATUS LORAN

sensor in use.

EST

In normal tracking operation for loran, the

flA@

GRI chain and secondary signals received are

indicated in the status box. The most important

ECD

information are the status numbers to the right

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

of the

SNR

characters. These numbers show the

progress of the acquisition program towards signal lock-on. When 8’s are

indicated for the Master and selected Secondaries, the loran is “Locked-on”

and tracking the loran signals. At that point the screen automatically will

switch to the Position screen and navigation is available.

In normal tracking operation for GPS, there

is only ONE important indicator indicating

that the GPS is “Locked-on” and tracking the

satellite signals. That indicator is when the

satellite ID number becomes a reversed

“Block” character. When four or more signals

are in this state, the screen will switch to the

Position screen and navigation is now avail-

able.

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

OPERATION 3-7

More information on the Status and signal tracking screens appears later in

this chapter.

3.5 Main Display Modes

The NAV 398 has FOUR Main Display modes used most often during normal

navigation. They are the POS (Position), NAV (NAVigation),

CD1

Graphic ,

and PLOT Tracking display modes. These modes can be selected directly by

pressing:

[ml

for the POS mode displays

I=[

for the NAV screens

for the

CD1

displays

)pLoT/FII for the Plot screens

3.5.1 The POSition Display Mode

There are FIVE different POS displays. The POS display is changed from

POSl to POS2, POS 3, etc. by pressing the

Im[key.

The POS screen

always shows the selected age number in the lower right corner of

the screen. Each press of key toggles the displays.

The POS screens always show your vessel’s

present position coordinates in the large 7-seg-

ment readouts of either

Lat/Lon

or loran

TDs.

Each POS screen combines different navigation

information with the position coordinates. The

POS

Lat/Lon

display may look differently if

you have selected the higher resolution readouts

for your

Lat/Lon

in the GPS Setup menu. The

NAV 398 can show GPS L/L to a resolution of

0.001 of a minute.

34O14.714'

w 118" 35.236'

The POS 1 screen combines the most essential information together

on-

screen of your position in the large digits, bearing and distance to the

destination waypoint, and vessels’ course and speed over the ground.

The number and name of your

waypoint

des-

tination is also displayed, as well as the selected

route plan number that is currently active. If no

destination

waypoint

is selected, the BRG and

DTG values will be blank, and “NO DESTINA-

TION

” appears in the

waypoint

data bar.

OPERATION 3-8

__.

.__

,.._

.--..-,-x-.

Along the bottom row, the sensor “in use” is indicated in the highlighted

block. If the Raynav 508 is used, “LORAN” appears in the block. If the

Raystar 108 is used, “GPS” appears together with the current GPS Fix mode

type. If the Differential Beacon Receiver is connected and a beacon is

received and differential corrections are included, “DGPS” will be indicated.

Whenever any alarm signals or warnings are activated, they will appear in

a “blinking block” to the right of the page ID indicator and accompanied by

the audible beeper.

POS 2

When

the//[key

is pressed,

the

POS 2 screen

appears.

Across the top line of this display a

CD1

(Course Deviation Indicator) appears. The

CD1

will only be active after waypoints have been

entered into the

NAV

unit memories, and one has

34O14.714'

been selected as the destination waypoint.

118" 35.236'

The

CD1

is made up of a “boat-like” symbol

and a scale depicting your vessel’s deviation

from an intended track line to the destination.

On this

CD1

screen, the ship symbol changes its

“angle” to show if the vessel is tending to close

to the track line, stay even with the line, or move

further OFF the line.

The

CD1

range scale can be changed in the UNITS section of the System

Setups menu to set the width of the

CD1

lane between plus or minus 0.1,0.3,

or OSnm from the track line. For example: When the scale is set to O.lnm,

the increments of the scale are

.025

or approximately 150 feet to each mark.

POS 3

If you press

them1

key again, the POS 3

screen appears.

The POS 3 display swaps the

CD1

scale for the

digital version of the Cross Track error value

(XTE),

Time-to-go to

waypoint

(TTG), local

Time, and Trip Log distance. On this screen you

can see a sample of the alarm readout appearing

to the right of the page ID in the bottom row.

OPERATION 3-9

POS 4

The POS 4 screen brings up the coordinates of

the destination

waypoint

to the screen so you can

compare the numbers. TDs are shown here be-

cause matching the TD coordinates is an ideal

way to return to a favorite wreck for fishing, TDs

are stored in the waypoint memories any time

you save a location as an Event or by direct entry

14096.2Irs

26160.4~s

of TDs as a

waypoint

location. TDs are not saved

when Lat/Lons are entered as waypoints.

Note also, that the sensor mode in use here is the Loran-C. The NAV 398,

when operating in the GPS mode can convert the GPS Lat/Lon readouts into

GPWLoran

Time Differences

(TDs].

Some users may find this calculation

useful to reference with their old loran coordinate logs.

The Loran GRI and the desired TD lines must be intitially entered in the

GPS Setup mode before this conversion page can work properly. However

having entered the required initial data, the conversion program can operate.

CAUTION

When TDs readouts are the result of calculations made from GPS derived

Lat/Lon data, the GPS signals are not subject to the same propagation errors

as loran signals and therefore will not match actual loran TD measurements

precisely. The TD readouts obtained from GPS are for relative comparison

only.

POS

If you press

thelpos/llkey

one more time, the

POS 5 screen appears and the readouts now

include displays of the course-made-good

(CMG), and velocity-towards-destination

(VTD). This readouts show the overall course

direction that you have made since starting

towards the current destination and your appar-

ant speed. The readouts are of particular inter-

est to sailboaters.

34O14.714'

w 118" 35.236'

OPERATION 3-10

Anytime you switch from the Display modes to other functions and return

‘to the same mode, the last selected screen reappears. However, when the

power is turned OFF and then ON again, the last used POS screen is always

selected.

We’ve seen 5 different Position screens so far. There are also 4 Navigation

screens and 4

CD1

screens. Having so many screens of information available

sounds great, but there may be a few screens you will seldom use. The NAV

398 includes a means to customize the unit to enable only your favorite

screens. This is covered in the next section.

3.5.2 Customizing Display Modes

You can choose to show only your favorite

displays in any mode by pressing and holding the

particular mode key down for about 3 seconds.

When you hear the second beep, the mode

cus-

tom page will appear.

POS CUSTOM PAGE

PO!31

2 POs2 0

3 POS3

4 POs4

5 POS5

PRESS

NUYEW

KEY FOR

ON/OFF; ENTER TO EXIT

For example:

Press and hold the IM)s/il key down for the beep. The POS

custom page will appear.

Initially all the POS screens will be ON. This is indicated by the black dot

after the page name. To turn a page OFF, press the corresponding number

key. ( Press 2 to turn OFF page 2) The dot will now be hollow indicating the

page is OFF. The unit will permit you to turn OFF all displays in a mode,

except one. One display in every mode must be used.

Pres@i?E@vhen

the

menu is all set to return to the last used page of the mode.

You can always re-enter the Custom menu anytime and turn pages ON or

OFF. This is a convenient way for you to enable and quickly access the most

important pages without a lot of button pushing. Use

them1

key to

customize the NAV screen selections. Use

themikey

for the

CD1

screens.

3.5.3 NAVigation Display Mode

There are 4

NAVigation

displays. They are

labeled

NAVl

NAV2, NAV 3, etc. along the

bottom of the screens. Pressing

thej=Jkey

selects the NAV display mode and toggles

fromone

NAV screen to the next. The NAV

displays feature large digits of the vessels’

course and speed, bearing and range to

way-

points, and other navigation data.

OPERATION 3-11

z3Yn

iE3".

IT.7

8.9

Generally, the NAV screens are more useful once a

waypoint

has been

entered into the units’ memories . Once a waypoint destination is selected,

the

NAVY

display will feature large readouts of the destination Bearing

(BRG)and Distance-to-go

(DTG)

to the waypoint combined with the Course

and Speed readouts. . The readouts in the upper section of the display show

the XTE,TTG, local time, and trip log distance.

The

NAV

display includes the same

CD1

(Course Deviation Indicator) on

the top line as on the POS screens, if a

waypoint

has been selected as a

destination.

Press the

key to select the

NAV3

display which features large

readouts of the

waypoint

BRG and DTG again, but combined with the digital

XTE OFF Course distance in 0.01

run

units and steering direction indicator

plus the Time-to-go (TTG) readouts.

The NAV 4 screen combines the Course-made-good (CMG) and velocity-

to- destination (VTD) readouts with the COG and SPD readouts in the large

digits. The waypoint data is displayed in the upper boxes.

The flexibility of the

NAVdisplays

should be apparant now with so many

combinations of the important navigation data available. Use all of the

displays, or use the Custom menu for NAV to select only your favorite

screens for viewing.

3.5.4

CD1

Display Mode

If the NAV screens are more useful once a waypoint has been entered into

the units’ memories, the graphic

CD1

displays are totally dependent on

waypoint navigation.

The key element of this display mode is the active view of steering down

the track lane towards the destination waypoint. As the vessel moves along,

the boat symbol orients itself to the track line showing the displacement from

OPERATION 3-12

_.,__

,.-

_*_

.._*.-.I

the line and whether the vessel is closing, parallel-

ing, or opening away from the line. A bit of the

vessel track history appears behind the boat symbol.

Up ahead, the

waypoint

destination is in view. If

the destination is identified by a symbol or name,

the first character will be blinking near the target

area. Nearby

waypoint

symbols ( two closest to

vessel) may be in view on the screen if they are within range. If a route plan

is ON, the direction of the next leg is indicated by the slant of the track beyond

the destination symbol.

The various

CD1

screens combine navigation re-

adouts with the active

CD1

graphic display. If for

some reason a

waypoint

is not selected, the BRG and

DTG readouts will be blank,

WPT NO

DEST

appears

in the message window, and the destination target

symbol is not displayed.

3.5.5 Plot Display Mode

One of the most useful modes is the Tracking Plotter or Plot mode. Using

this mode you can record and retrace your vessels’ track to your best fishing

spots...and back home again. The Tracking Plotter also displays the symbols

or first letters and marks of waypoints and events used to mark your favorite

fishing locations on the plot screen.There are two Plot displays. The Plot

Mode is activated by pressing the

IpLoT/

key.

The Plot 1 display appears as shown in the figure.

The location of your vessels’ position is indicated by

a blinking

“+“.

In addition, waypoints, event marks,

and the memorized vessel track line that is within the

range of the plot area will be shown, as well as your

current fishfinding information.

OPERATION 3-13

The PLOT 2 screen re-arranges the BRG and DTG

readouts and adds the vessels’ current position data to

the screen. The L/L readout can be turned OFF in the

PLOT DISPLAY

menu for better viewing.

Plot Scales

The Plot size or scaling can be changed to show the

navigation area of interest by pressing the

softkeys

indicated by

thmorm{arrows.

Plot scales available for the plot screen

are 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, or 200 NM. The selected Plot

scale range is shown in the upper right corner of the Plot display next to the

UP arrow, for reference.

Recording a Track Line

The Track Plotter normally draws tracking lines on

the Plot screen as the vessel moves along. However,

these track lines are only “temporary” and are always

lost whenever changing plot scales, changing operating

modes, or upon turning the

NAVunit

OFF or ON...

UNLESS you decide to record the track line to memory.

PLOT MENU

TRACK MENU

DISPIAY

MENU +

SIMULATOR

PRESS CLEAR TO EWT

You can record and save a single important vessel track of your vessel’s

trip to keep in memory so when you return home you may retrace the same

route. Recording a track is easily done by pressing

thelm[

key while on

the Plot Display mode. The Plot menu appears.

Press

thevlsoftkey

to select the Track Menu.

The plotter can remember up to 300 track points, so

the recording interval selected will be important in

determining how quickly track memory will be used.

TRACK

INTEFWAL

Use a shorter time interval if the vessel’s route has

1 3 5

several turns or bends’ such as in rivers and waterways

for saving track with more detail. Longer time record-

Et-ME

TRACK

LINE

ing intervals can be used when the trip is going to be

generally a straight line for long distances. The best

PRESS

CLEAR

TO EXIT

recording interval for long trips is “by distance” trav-

elled. The recording intervals. can be selected in units of Time or Distance:

TIME I

NTE

RVALS

seconds,

1,3,5,

and

minutes.

DISTANCE INTERVALS: 0.2 or 0.5 nautical miles.

OFF is normally selected when track recording is not required.

OPERATION 3-14

Press

the [TRACK INTERVALlso&ey

until the desired memory interval is

highlighted by the block. Now track recording will be ON.

The

NAV

unit has Auto Start/Stop plotting built in. So, if you should stop

along the way to fish, and forget to turn the track recording interval off, the

tracker should automatically stop plotting until you’re moving again.

All track points recorded will be “saved” in track memory until erased, or

unless overwritten by new track data. When track points are overwritten, the

newest track point

#301

will replace old track point #l, track point

#302

replaces

#2,

etc.

When you are finished recording the track, re-enter the TRACK menu and

select “OFF” with the TRACK INTERVAL

softkey

to turn the memory

recording interval to “OFF”.

Press

the//key

twice when you are ready to return to the previous

display mode to back out of the menus.

Erasing a Track Line

Since only one track line can be stored to memory at any time in the NAV

unit, it’s a good idea to erase the old track from memory before starting to

record a new track plot.

Just select TRACK menu from the PLOT menu by pressing

thei-j

softkey. Press the[

ERASE TRACK LINElsof&ey

and then press

the-1

key to actually confirm that you wanted to erase the track memory. When

ImJis

pressed, all track data will be erased.

Press

themjkey

when ready to return to the previous display mode

twice to back out of the menus.

Plot Display Menu

PLOT DlSFJlAY MENU

If the Plot screen becomes cluttered with the event and

TRACKLINE

waypoint symbols, the memorized track line, or the

Position readouts. The

PLOT

DISPLAY

menu provides

MARKS

options to turn marks, track or data ON or OFF.

LLITDDATA

Track ON/OFF

Waypoints

Marks ON/ OFF

Position readout ON/ OFF

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

OPERATION 3-15

.----.-u-

Press lCLEAR[twice to return to the last selected display mode.

3.5.6 Simulator

Mode

PLOT MENU

The

NAV 398

includes a simulator mode which can

TRACK MENU +

show simulated readouts on the various screens. There

DlSPlAY

are dynamic simulated screens for both loran and GPS

and can be used to demonstate navigation to waypoints

and following route plans.

To turn the simulator ON, be in Plot mode and press

thelE\key

. Press

the

~SIMULATOR~

sofIkey

to ON. Conversely, to turn OFF the simulator,

press

the/

SIMULATORlsof&ey

a second time. When the simulator mode is

ON, “SIM” flashes on the various display screens.

3.5.7

Display Mode Operations

While you are on any of the POS, NAV, CDI, or PLOT display modes you

can perform the following operations:

Save an

Event....Press

thdm[

key.

The Event message will appear and show the

saved memory #.

a Destination...Press the

key.

Enter the

waypoint

using three digits and

then

press(ENTET\1.

3.5.7.1 Saving Events

You can save your present position for future use as a waypoint when you

are in any of display modes. The

EVENT

data will be stored sequentially into

the next available

waypoint

memory just like a normal waypoint.

Just press

theI-

key. A

message prompt appears to permit you to

select any other memory # location. If no keys are pressed in live seconds,

the message will show the Event memory number and then disappear.

If during the 5 second period you type in a different memory number and

press

thdmlkey,

the Event will be saved into the memory that you have

designated. If the memory number you typed was the same number as your

current destination, upon pressing

the(ENTERl[key

the screen alerts you by

showing

"DEST

PT"

flashing. If you typed the memory number by mistake

and really don’t want to overwrite your destination point, just press the

-Ikey.

If you DO

want to update the current destination coordinates,

OPERATION 3-16

then go ahead and press thelENTER(key. The memory will be updated, and

the screen returns back to the last

POS,

NAV

, CDI,

PLOT

display.

One caution on saving Events. For maximum accuracy, it’s best to be sitting

next to the desired location and let the readouts settle down for a few seconds

before pressing

themjkey.

If you are flying by a buoy at high speed,

the readouts will be displaying a position lagging behind the boat a short

distance. The faster you are moving, the greater the lag error will be.

Each time you store an event, the coordinates can be remembered as either

a loran, GPS, or DGPS position. Since there will be absolute position

differences when using the different systems, the

NAV 398

memorizes the

type of position data (L, G, or DG) recorded for each event and shows the

indicator on the screens when the Event is used for a destination waypoint.

The indicators L, G, or DG appear immediately after the WPT characters on

the screen. In this way, the operator can use the matching systems to return

to Event locations more accurately.

It’s a very good idea to write the Event numbers and location descriptions

onto your paper waypoint log for future reference at the first opportunity.

3.5.7.2 GOT0 Destinations

After waypoints have been stored into the

NAV

unit

memories, they can then

be selected for use as direct destinations.

ThemGoTo/31

key permits the

operator to quickly select a

waypoint

destination. The

GOT0

mode works

this way:

Press

them]

key.

Initially, when

the-1

key is pressed, the

“GOT0

WF’T

-‘I

message appears in the destination

window area so you can input the desired destination

memory number. The message will show three

dashed lines until the first character is entered. Use

the numeric keys to type in the desired memory

number.

Example:

Type

1-1,

1-1

for

waypoint

number 6.

When thelENTER(key is pressed, the desired waypoint becomes the desti-

nation waypoint. If you are on the

NAV

CD1

screens, the display will change

the bargraph appearing on the top of the

NAV

screen and put the boat symbol

OPERATION 3-17

,/-_-

.-.

on track in the center. The

XTE

value will be set to “0.00 nm” since the vessel

the track line.

Ideally, the helmsman sets the vessel’s heading with his steering compass

or autopilot to the bearing shown for the

waypoint

destination and begins

watching the

CD1

scale at the top of the

NAV

display, the

XTE

digital value,

or the active graphic

CD1

screen.

The helmsman then provides steering correction to keep the boat symbol

on the track line or if watching the digital

XTE

values, keep the digital value

at or near O.OOnm. This should take the vessel in the most direct path to the

destination waypoint while correcting for wind and current offsets along the

way. A good check point of correct steering is that your COG readout

eventually reads the original bearing to the waypoint, even though your actual

compass heading may be somewhat different.

Sometimes when steering to destinations it may be necessary to change

heading to avoid obstacles or other vessels in your path. Having deviated off

of your intended track, in many cases it’s easier just to start a new track from

where you are, than to return to the old track-to-waypoint.

To start a new track, just press

thelwlkey,

followed by the numbers

of the same waypoint. Then press

theF[key

and the NAV unit will

recalculate bearings, distance and

TTG

for the new track to the old destination

waypoint. The vessel is now

the origin of the new intended track line and

the new bearing and distance to the destination is displayed. The

XTE

value

will be reset to “0.00 nm” since the vessel is

the new line.

Sometimes you may prefer to turn

OFF

the waypoint destination calculation

and

CD1

displays. To turn

OFF

the

GOT0

operation press

the/-key

and

type 0,

-1

"WPT NO

DEST"

will appear on the displays in the message

area and

waypoint

data will disappear from the

NMEA

0 183 data output.

If you have not yet stored any waypoints, you will hear multiple beeps when

thqm[key

is pressed. You will need to first save an Event or enter some

waypoint coordinates directly into the waypoint memories using one of the

methods discussed in section 3.6 of this chapter.

TheI-

key will also

give an error signal if you select an empty memory number by accident.

Waypoint coordinates must be stored in the memory before it can be selected

as a destination.

OPERATION 3-18

. .

“_

. .

3.6 Entering Waypoints

3.6.1 General

Waypoint

Information

One of the key operations of the NAV 398 is to guide you to planned or

pre-programmed

waypoint

destinations from your present position. Way-

points can be entered into your 398 unit by using one of the following four

methods:

Storing

au “Event”

(instantly saves ship’s present position as you pass

a buoy, enter a channel, or are sitting on top of a great fishing spot).

Direct entry of

Latitude/Longitude

coordinates taken from marine

charts or light list, etc.

Direct entry of

Time Difference (TD’s)

coordinates. These are usually

from a chart or a friend’s loran.

By using Range and Bearing from your present position.

The NAV 398 has 500 internal

waypoint

memories for storing waypoint

position coordinates. These memories are numbered from

#OOl

to 499.

Whenever you decide to enter new

waypoint

position data, or recall old

waypoint

information, the

waypoint

memory location number has to be

entered first. This is necessary so the NAV unit can place or retrieve the

information from the correct memory.

Since there are so many waypoint memories, it’s usually a good idea to

make a paper log of your stored waypoint data. The log should include the

Name of the waypoint, its Memory #, L/L and TD coordinates, the source of

the position data, and may be even the normal bearing and range from your

slip.

Some owners use certain numeric blocks of the memory locations to store

certain

waypoint

groups that make up trips or route plans. In this way, favorite

trips are saved and used over and over again by the number grouping selected.

Of course, the paper log book helps keep things straight for everyone.

3.6.2

Waypoint

DIRECTORY

ENTER NEW WPT ? e

ENTER WPT NO.

a--

GOT0

WPT LIST e

PRESS CLEAR TO EMT

OPERATION 3-19

.-__

(WPT

STORE

WAYPOINT

OPERATIONS

-1

ENlERNEWWPT?

ENTER WPT NO.

0-w

OOTO

WFT

LIST

FRESS CIEAR TO EXIT

-m-J

~W~b,pomlT

tapll

-_------

----e-w-

UsEmmiKEY

zdX@-

FOR NEW ICONS

USE~KEY

QtOI

&FOR NEW ICONS

KEv*FHID

KEY=REv

ND(T)

1 KEv=FWO

PRESS ENTER TO CONllNUE 3 KEY=REv

STOAE

wNKnNTMR I t

WPTloOZ

t +

smPEwPrm

Note:

press

CLEAR

key.

onb#

dears

IATtLONG

data

last

ENTER

wed. TABLE OETIIIS

SdX

,tsc

GHI

MN0 SW

567

aO#

DEF

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WR VWX

234

890

[SmRE

WAypolNl-&II.

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26236.4

42'42.QQ'me N 42°42.10’

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WC9

ENT

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---

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ttt

waypoint coordinate data. Pressing one of the softkeys will help you make

that selection.

ENTERNEWWPT? Pressing this

so&key

selects next available empty

waypoint

memory.

IENTERWPTNO.

If you want to store

waypoint

data into a particular

memory

press the

ENTER

WPT

(softkey, type the desired Wpt memory

#( X, X, X,), then press

-1.

Example:

Press

ENTER WPT

IO, 1, 0,

wq,

for Wpt.

#lo.

If you happen to pick a memory number where the waypoint is “write

protected”, the contents of the memory may not be changed or overwritten

until the protection feature is removed. In this case, pressing

thdmikey

will emit multiple beeps indicating an error.

If the memory is protected, you can always enter a different memory number

or go to the

waypoint

list for a look at the available

waypoint

memories.

OPERATION 3-20

__.,

-R

l-.-.w

/GOTO

WAYPOINT

LISA

Press this softkey to see a directory of the

waypoint

memories.

When the

WAYPOINT

LIST

page appears, use the

(up)

3 (down) numeric

keys (one at a time) to scroll through the memory listings in either direction.

When either key is held down, the scrolling operation speeds up so memories

can be accessed more quickly.

If you want to store a new

waypoint

or edit the existing information of a

selected (highlighted)

waypoint

memory, place the desired memory number

in the highlighted MEMORY

block. Then press the

key. You can

quickly change the name, symbol, or coordinate data of any waypoint

memory this way.

3.6.3 Naming Waypoints

As soon as a waypoint memory location is selected by one of the methods

available from the Waypoint Directory, the NAME WAYPOINT display ap-

pears.

On this display you can select various symbols and/or letters to

"NAME"

the waypoint. The name can consist of up to 8 char-

acters. Each character “selected” at the

EIRST

NAM

WAYPOINT

8002

. .

nom

will be used to designate that way-

--------

point on the Plot display.

Softkeys

provide a quick

means to select the various characters or symbols for

USE=

KEY

TdX

FOR NEW ICONS

the name.

ao#

1 KEY=FwD

3 KEY=REv

Find the desired symbol or character in the groups

PRESS ENTER TO CONTINUE

next to the arrows on the screen. If the character is in

the group, press the

softkey

indicated by the arrow.

NAME

wAYPolNT MO2 I

The characters in the group will be re-distributed next

to the arrows so you may choose the character

di-

--------

rectly.

USEmKEY

FOR NEW ICONS

If you do not see the character needed for the name,

KEY=Fwo

press the

softkey

to select new character 3 KEY=REv

groups. The groups will appear in pairs as shown in

the figure.

Repeat this operation, selecting characters or symbols and pressing the

softkeys, until the name is completed. To leave a space, you may press the

(

FWD

)

key to skip past a entry prompt or place the character cursor over

OPERATION 3-21

any blank space in the typewriter box and then press the softkeys required to

add the character.

If you make a mistake, just position the

ABC GHI

MN0

STU YZl

567

blinking cursor over the incorrect character

with the

(REV) key and re-type the

car-

o(Oe DEF JKL WR

VWX

294

890

rect character in its place.

When the NAME is complete, press

thei-

key. If you want to bypass

this page without naming the waypoint until later, just press

thev[

key.

In the meantime, this “unnamed” waypoint will be designated by a “diamond”

shapped symbol on the plot screen.

3.6.4 Storing Waypoints

Once

thelmkey

is pressed on the

NAME WAYPOINT

screen, the display

changes to the

STORE WAYPOINT TYPE

screen so you can select the type of

coordinate data to enter.

STORE WAYPOINT

TYPE

If you wish to enter the waypoint coordinates in

Latitude/ Longitude, press

thelm/soft-

WFTJmo2

STORE WPT

Bv:

lAT/LONG

key.

To enter the

waypoint

coordinates in Loran-C

Time Differences, press

theIs

softkey.

To enter a waypoint position as a bearing and range from your present

position, press

thelBEARING/DISTANCE

sofkey.

3.6.4.1 Storing by

LAT/LON

Enter the waypoint Latitude coordinates by typing the numeric value in

degrees, minutes and hundreths of minutes. PresslENTERl when the value is

correct

andm]again

if the direction is OK. Use the

softkey

to select

“N”or

“S”, if necessary.

Example:

Press

2,7,1,0,1

,S,IENTERUENTE-'

Latitude = N 27’ 10.15’

If you are editing or correcting an existing

way-

point and the Latitude is already correct, just

press

ENTERI

ENTER[

to advance directly to the

Longitude entry.

---

-w’--

OPERATION 3-22

Enter the waypoint Longitude coordinates by typing the numeric value.

_._...

Begin with a

“0”

if the Longitude is less than 100’. Press

1-1

when the

value is correct

anqn\again

if the direction is displayed correctly. If

the indicated direction is incorrect, press the softkey for

“E”

“w”.

Example:

Press

0,8,2,

0,2,

S,Im(ENTER[

Long. = W 82’ 10.25’

When

is pressed, a "CALCULATING" message appears on the

display while the unit is storing the new

waypoint

and then the screen

changes back to the Waypoint Directory.

you want to enter another waypoint, press

IENTER NEW WAYPOINT?I.

This key returns you to the NAME WAYPOINT page and advances the

waypoint memory number to next available memory. To designate a particu-

lar memory number to continue waypoint entries,

press1

ENTER

WPT

NO.

If you want to recheck the new entry, press1

GOTO

WAYPOINT

LISA

key.

Press

-1

if you are finished. This will return you back to the previous

display mode.

3.6.4.2. Storing by

TDs

To enter the waypoint coordinates in Loran-C Time Differences, on the

STORE WAYPOINT menu press

them

softkey.

Enter the TD 1 coordinate by typing in the nu-

IS-IWRE

WAYPOINT TJD

merit value using all six digits. Press

-J

~a02

GRI

9960

when the

TDl

value is OK.

26238.4

--m-m

Example: Press 2,7, 1, 0,

1,5,

-1.

lD2

om!x!.o_

TDl =

27101.5~s

Enter the TD2 coordinate by typing the numeric

value in using six digits. Press

1-1

when the TD2 value is OK.

Example: Press 4,4,2, 1, 0,2,

-1

TD2 =

44210.2~s

When-1

is pressed,

the unit will now calculate a “corrected” L/L

to store as the waypoint. During the calculation process the unit

will display a

CALCULATING

message on the screen. Please wait for

the message to disappear before continuing.

3.6.4.3 Storing by Bearing/distance

Occasionally, you may wish to enter a waypoint into memory by describing

the waypoint’s position as a bearing and distance from your own current

position. This is easily accomplished with your NAV unit.

However, while describing a range or distance from your vessel should not

be a problem, it is important to make sure your “bearing” information is in

“magnetic” IF the magnetic variation is “ON”.

If you wish to enter a

waypoint

position as a bearing and range from your

present position, press the

lBEARING/DISTANCE

softkey

on the STORE

WAYPOINTTYPE

menuscreen.

First, type the numeric value of the BEARING

lsroRE

WAywtHT

BID1

(BRG)

information. Begin the entry with

“0”

if the

WPT

~02

bearing is less than 100’.

Presdmlwhen

the

N 42’42.10’

bearing value is displayed correctly.

072O

10.66’

Example:

Press

0,4,5,

-1

for

---

--.-

Bearing = 45’

Now

the

DISTANCE

(RNG)

can be entered using three digits (up to 99.9). If

the range is less than 10.0 miles, type a

“0”

first, followed by the remaining

two digits. Press

-1

when the

DISTANCE

value is displayed correctly.

Example:

Press

0,6,4,-i

for Range = 6.4 nm.

If you make an error entering the numeric value, press

t.hejj[

key.

Then retype the correct value.

When

[B]

is pressed, the display will calculate a L/L to store as the

waypoint. During this time, the unit will display a

"CALCULATING" message.

Please wait for the message to disappear before continuing to the next

operation. The screen will change back to the Waypoint Directory.

3.6.5

Waypoint

List Operations

As mentioned earlier, the

Waypoint

List lets you scan through the contents

of the waypoint memories. You can select any of the stored waypoints to

Edit, Copy, Protect, Measure or Erase from this page. In addition the

waypoint list, which is normally arranged in sequential memory # order, may

be re-sorted alphabetically by name for ease in locating specific waypoints

using

themsoftkey.

OPERATION 3-24

3.6.5.1 Selecting Waypoints

To control the positioning of the list contents, the

(up) key lets you look at the listed waypoints at

’

65---

’

the top of the list; the 3 (down) key lets you look

at waypoints down the list. The

waypoint

ap-

a~~Z&~i~{EOtT~

W 71’ 16. 34

pearing in the highlighted block is the “selected”

waypoint and is the waypoint that can be operated

on if the

[mJar

keys are pressed.

3.6.5.2 Editing Waypoints

To add a name or symbol, or edit the L/L coordinate data to

any

selected

waypoint, just select-the waypoint using either method listed above. When

the memory

is highlighted, press the

(EDIT1

key. This returns you to the

NAME WAYPOMT display so you can make the necessary changes.

To Copy,

Erase, or Protect a particular waypoint or event mark just select the waypoint

using either method listed above. Press the

@key

and the display changes

to WAYPOINT-SF.

3.6.5.3 SF Operations

If you press the

key on the

Waypoint

List display, you can perform

some additional operations with the stored

waypoint

data including the

following:

A. Protecting Waypoints

While on the

Waypoint

List, place the number of

the waypoint to be “Protected” in the highlighted

box on the Waypoint List. Press the

msoftkey.

On the

WAYPOINT

screen confirm that number

shown under PROTECTWPTSEVENTS is correct.

Press the

~PRoTECT

wmm

MmK[

sotiey

turn “ON” the Protection feature.

RDTECT

WPWEKNTS

t!!!

lpE0

EFUEWPTWENTS

800

coPY~EAsuREwPls

When a

waypoint

memory is “Protected” the character

“P”

is displayed on

the

WAYPOINT

LIST

and Waypoint Directory screens, and the

waypoint

may

not be overwritten with new coordinate data until the protection is first turned

OFF or if a “Master Reset” of the unit is performed.

B. Erasing a

Waypoint

While on the Waypoint List, place the number

ofthe

waypoint to be “erased”

in the highlighted box. Then press the

softkey for the

WAYPOINT

menu.

OPERATION 3-25

On the

WAYPOINT SF

screen, confirm that the number shown under

ERASE

WAYPOMT

is correct. Also verify that the Waypoint Protection feature for

the selected

waypoint

is OFF. Press the

ERASE

WAYPOINT~

soflkey.

The

waypoint will be erased.

WARNING !

Make sure that the waypoint to be erased is NOT selected as your

current destination. Only waypoints protected “manually” cannot

be accidentally erased.

C. Copying Waypoints

Waypoints can easily be transferred from one memory location to another

using the COPY feature. To Copy waypoints: Press

them

softkey on the

Waypoint

List. On the Waypoint- SF menu press

ICOPYIMEASURE

WPTSl

softkey.

When the

COPY/MEAS.

screen appears, press

theI=

softkey.

Then type the waypoint # (from) and

press-1

Then press the

waypoint

# (to) and press

(ENTERI

again.

Example:

[=I

34-1

1, 5,

(ENTEd

Wpt

is now copied into wpt

#15.

D. Measuring between Waypoints

You can easily measure the bearing and range

between any two waypoints stored in memory

by pressing

the/

COPY

MEASURE

WPTS~

soflkey

on the WAYPOINT

SF screen.

when the

COPYhIEAS.

WAYPOINTS

screen appears, press thelMEAS.lsoft-

key. Then type the number of the “FROM” waypoint and

-1

followed

by the number of the “TO” waypoint. Press

thel[

key.

The calculated

bearing and range will then be displayed.

If you want to measure additional points, press

the-1

softkey

again.

The Fr and To digits will clear and you may re-enter a new pair of numbers.

Press

Fj?[for

the new Bearing/Range calculation.

Pressmjwhen

you are finished to return to the Waypoint List.

OPERATION 3-26

--:-.

--a-

3.7 Setting Alarms

The

NAV

398 has three operator programmable alarms that you can set to

advise you when limits have been reached. The types of alarms available

are:

ARRIVAL- Arrival at a waypoint.

ANCHOR

Exceeds Anchor drift limit.

OFF COURSE- Straying too far from track.

Whenever an alarm is set and activated, the audible beeper will sound and

the alarm characters will blink on-screen. You can set an Arrival alarm or

Anchor alarm, but not both types together. Press the[CLEARlkey to silence

the audio alarm.

3.7.1 The Arrival Alarm

The Arrival alarm can be set to alert

you when you are within a specified

ARRlvAL

wAyw’NT

distance from your waypoint. The ar-

CIRCLE

’

rivalalarmcanbesetErom0.01 to9.99

l%@t%#E?rHEN

nautical miles (run).

I!3

,ARFUVAL CIRCLE

-b

To set an Arrival alarm:

Press

thel]key.

The SET NAV

ALARMS

screen appears. This is the alarm set-up screen. Press

theI-

softkey. Then enter the distance value for the desired arrival alarm zone with

the numeric keys.

Press-to finish the entry and exit back to the last

used display mode.

Example:

To set an Arrival zone of 0.06 nautical

SET NAVALARMS

miles;

Pres$KiZ$

press 0 , 1 , 0 ,

There are several factors which should be

con-

sidered

when setting the arrival alarm zone dis-

0 10

-‘--

ARRIVAL

tance.

Among these factors are: the speed your

ANCHOR

vessel is or will be traveling, the weather condi-

tions (foggy, rain, clear, etc.), and your familiarity

000

OFF-COURSE4

-9

with the surroundings.

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

A vessel traveling at 30 knots, will travel 180,000

ft/hour, 3000 ft/minute, or

ft/sec., so an arrival alarm set to 0.0 lnm gives

you 1.2 seconds to react. If the alarm were set to 0.2nm, (1200 ft) you will

have 24 seconds to decide your course of action. In the

NAV

398

the arrival

OPERATION 3-27

..T_”

-1-.

alarm is initially set to 0.10 nm from the factory to provide an arrival alert in

the event that one is not set by the operator.

3.7.2 The Anchor Alarm

The anchor alarm is intended to be used to monitor your vessel’s position

while at anchor. If the vessel begins to drift beyond the entered distance of

the anchor alarm, the alarm wiII sound off and notify the crew of the possible

dragging of the anchor.

The distance value to input for the an-

char alarm zone depends on many fat- tEioR,

)

tors, such as the amount of anchor line

+-+

EVENT

,WAYPOINT

out and the depth, the proximity of other

objects or vessels, and weather

condi-

‘4

c/AlARh4S

SOUNDS WHEN

tions. However, the incremental

dis-

VESSEL CROSSES ZONE

tance that can be entered is 0.01 nautical

mile steps which is equivalent to approximately 60 feet or 18 meters per step.

The first task, when entering an anchor watch alarm, is to press

thd-[

key as you drop anchor to store your present position as a waypoint. Make

a mental note of the EVENT memory # (number), The number appears for

approximately 3 seconds on the

dispIay

and certainly is the last used

waypoint. If you miss seeing the number, just check the

waypoint

list. The

stored Event will be the highlighted waypoint on the list.

Press thepALM/ key. Press the

-1

softkey.

Use the numeric keys

to enter the drift limit distance. Input values can range

from

.Ol

to 9.99

nautical miles.

Pres$mJwhen

the value is correct to set the anchor watch

alarm.

Now press

thdm[

key, and enter the EVENT # that you’ve just saved

to be your destination

waypoint

and then

press-1

The anchor watch is

now set and will be monitoring the anchor drop point.

Example:

To set an anchor limit of 100 yards, (.05nm at 2000 yd/nm),type

0, S.JZFZiZlfor .05nm (300 feet).

In the event that you drift beyond the distance set for the anchor watch alarm,

the audio beeper will sound and the ANC characters will be indicated

on-screen in the alarm warning area.

PressvIto

silence the audible

alarm.

OPERATION 3-28

3.7.3 Off-Course Alarm

The Off-Course alarm can be used to

alert you when you are steering to a

specific waypoint destination if your

vessel strays too far away from your

intended track line to the selected way-

./?‘O

point. This is particularly useful if you

&G@

.--**-*

are using an autopilot to monitor its ef-

N---d**

fectiveness.

To set the Off-Course alarm, press

theplkey.

Press the(OFF COURsEI

softkey.

Using the numeric keys, enter the desired distance that represents

the maximum margin that you would allow for being off course, then press

the/mikey

to set the alarm into operation.

Example:

Press 0, l,OjENTER[, for an XTE alarm of 0.1 run.

Whenever the XTE alarm is set and the XTE distance exceeds the alarm

value, the alarm will be activated, the audible beeper will sound and XTE

characters will appear on-screen in the alarm warning area.

Presdm[

silence the audio beeper.

The values set for the alarms will remain in memory until changed by the

operator. As mentioned earlier, you can set the arrival alarm or the anchor

alarm, but not both. The alarms can be set to OFF anytime by accessing the

desired alarm in menu and entering

“0”

as the alarm value.

3.8 Man-overboard Mode

This important feature is useful if, while underway, something or someone

falls overboard. Press

thelE[key

. This puts the NAV unit into the special

MOB display mode and a series of special operations begin.

The MOB display appears and shows the posi-

tion where the event occurred as waypoint #999.

Own ship and the MOB are joined by a dotted line

and constant readings of BRG and DTG are pro-

vided to the MOB position. The Plot scale is

automatically set to the 0.5nm scale for the opti-

mum view, although the scale can be set for the

amount of detail required for recovery. a

OPERATION 3-29

The arrival alarm is preset to 0. lnm and activates whenever you are within

this area relative to the MOB. As always, press the

-1

key to silence

the audible alarm.

To Cancel the MAN-Overboard function and return to the Position

dis-

playpress and hold

the[MOB/8lkey

for about 3 to 4 seconds until a second

beep is heard and the MOB characters disappear from the screen.

NOTE:

The MOB location is not “Saved” to memory permanently and the

location will be lost when the MOB mode is cancelled. If you will need to

retain the location for some reason, mark the location with

themjkey

after the mode is cancelled.

3.9 Route Plans

The

NAV

398 allows you to create up to 10 route plans using a maximum

of 200 waypoints or 20 per each route. When

the//key

is pressed, the

display will show the Route Mode menu, which will allow you to choose to

Make, Follow, or Edit a route plan. The figure below provides an overview

of the screens that are used for implementing the various route functions.

SELSClIK)UTENUWEN

--.

+NlJ9

LEG1

ROUTE

PLAN

OPERAllONS

mlgcrEuTOmmer

PRESSENTTOEND

NOTE: AUTO SEOUENCE AT AJWVAJ.

pERpEwm2uuR

[OTG

UIM

OPERATION 3-30

3.9.1 Making Route Plans.

Press

themlkey

and the "ROUTE MODE

-'I

screen appears. Press

thejm[softkey.

When the

lm[key

is pressed, the

MAKE

ROUTE

Selection screen appears to prompt you to choose a

route number for your route plan. Choose any number

from those listed on the screen and

press(ENTER(

MAKE ROUTE

Example:

-1,

for route plan 4.

SELECT

NOWE

NUYBER

m 67690

The display willchangeto the MAKE ROUTELEGS

display and prompt you to enter your starting way-

point.

Enter the

waypoint

of the first point in the

route. Then press

-1.

If the memory number

you typed does not contain waypoint data, the unit will

emit multiple beeps

whe@i%ZJis

pressed and return

the prompts to ---.

FROMtOlJ4 TO

Example: Type

4,mlfor

waypoint

004. FROM#6l!JTO

The screen will show the From waypoint as 004 and

add the “TO” entry line for the next waypoint number

entry. Type the digits of the next point in the route plan. If you make a

mistake, press

the)m[key

and re-type the number.

Example: Type 1,5,

(ENTERlfor

waypoint # 0 15.

The Name of the waypoint, and

BRG/DTG

of the leg will be calculated and

displayed in the lower section of the screen. If the waypoint is correct, press

thelENTER]key

and the display will change showing the “From” waypoint

now as

15. The prompt “LEG” now appears and to enter the next

waypoint

in your route plan press

thd=j

softkey.

LEG

002

now appears and the last

waypoint

you entered has become the

“From”

waypoint

in leg 2. Type in the digits of the next waypoint #023 and

presdm1

The LEG prompt re-appears again for adding LEG 003. Press

thej=J

softkey again to continue adding

waypoint

legs into the route plan.

OPERATION 3-31

----

--*-

When you have completed the entry of all the waypoints for a particular

route plan, just press

thewqkey.

The new route plan will be stored and

the display will promptly return to the last used Display mode.

3.9.2

FollowRoute

Plans

Once a route plan has been made and saved into

memory, it can be recalled to Followed or to be Edited.

Press

the-key.

The ROUTE MODE screen will

appear. Press

theI-

softkey.

when

the

FOLLOW ROUTE

Selector screen appears

use the numeric keys to type the number of the route

plan to

FOLLOW.

Example

Press

4,lm(for

route plan # 4.

SEQUENCE MODE

MAN

OFF

The FOLLOW ROUTE

Setup screen appears. Once

route plans have been made, this screen permits en-

gagement of route sequence operation.

ThelSEQUENCE

MODq

softkey enables you to select the type of

waypoint

sequencing mode between

AUTO

MANUAL

. The other choice turns the

route sequence mode to OFF. Press

th+EQUENCE

MODElsoftkey

to high-

light the desired sequencing mode.

AUTO SEQUENCING

mode automatically steps from one waypoint to the

next when the arrival perpedicular point has been detected.

In MANUAL SEQUENCING

mode, the unit sounds the arrival

akrn

and the

operator will manually press

the-1

key to step to the next leg in the

route plan when it is safe to do so.

When the Sequencing mode is decided, the next

FOLLOW ROUTE

step is to decide to follow the route in the Forward

direction (first to last), or to follow the route in Re-

SET ARRIVAL DISTANCE

verse (last to first). Just press

the/mor//qdirec-

Il.

1ONM

tion softkey to advance to the next screen.

The last display shows the Arrival alarm distance that

PRESS ENT TO END

will be used to alert you as each

waypoint

is ap-

proached. You may accept the limit by pressing

thd=lkey

or enter a

limit of your choice on this screen. To enter a new arrival zone limit, type

the numbers of the desired limit distance and press

the/e[key.

OPERATION 3-32

When-is pressed the route sequence

mode,

will be ON. The route

number will be displayed in the left corner of the waypoint information bar

on the POS, NAV, or

CD1

screens and the first point of the route plan

becomes your initial destination, unless you happen to already be at the first

point of the route.

While you are following the route plan you may press

themlkey

anytime to bypass the next point in the route plan.

Turning the Route OFF

The route plan can be conveniently turned OFF anytime by pressing the

the FOLLOW ROUTE screen press the

One other method of turning the route sequence to OFF is a bit indirect but

if you press

thdmlkey

to select any waypoint that is not part of the route

plan, or press

ml,

OJm

, the route will be turned OFF.

3.9.3 Editing Route Plans

The EDIT ROUTE mode is used to

INSERT

DELETE

waypoints in a route

plan or to ERASE a route plan in its’ entirety.

Press the

/ROUTE/51

key. Press

thelm[

softkey.

when

the EDIT ROUTE

Selection screen appears, select the route number you

EDIT ROWE

wish to edit.

Press//[

SELECT ROUTE NUMBW

On the EDIT ROUTE screen the route legs can be

123@5

examined and the bearing and distance of the high-

lighted leg of the route plan displayed. If changes are

ERASEROUTE

necessary, you can insert or delete waypoints in the

legs in a route by performing the following key opera-

MESS

CLEANToEaT

tions:

The EDIT ROUTE display shows the Route # and

the leg containing the first two

waypoint

#‘s

in the

route. To see other waypoints in the legs of the route,

of interest in the highlighted block to check the bearing

and distance.

OPERATION

3-33

Press

theI=j

key puts the screen into an Edit condition so you can

INSERT

DELETE

waypoints.

Notice that two

softkeys

ILEG

and

(insert) appear on the screen.

To INSERT a Waypoint

For example; to insert a new

waypoint

between waypoints #006 and #036,

press(LEGI[

and

them[arrow

until you see the leg containing Fr 006/to

036. If this is where you would like to

INSERT

the new waypoint, Press the

msoftkey

Type the new

waypoint

number ( # 002) and

pressF1

The

new waypoint will now appear between 006,002,036.

To DELETE a

Waypoint

To delete a

waypoint

from a route plan, press

thelLEG1

key until the leg

where the

waypoint

shouid be deleted is displayed. For example; to delete

waypoint

SO36

in the example above,

pres~~~until

you see Fr 006/ to

036. Then

pressllto

EDIT and

pressmqagain

DELE

#036.

The

FROM

waypoint 036 will disappear the route string will be joined less

waypoint

036 ( deleted from route; not from waypoint memory).

When you are finished,

press

theI-

key to end the editing session and return to the Display

mode. If you press

the[CLEAR[key

here (which is normally done on other

menus) you will accidently remain in the EDIT screen and continue deleting

waypoints from the route against your will.

3.9.4 Erasing Route Plans

ERASE

a route plan, select the Route mode with

thevlkey.

Press

wqon

the ROUTE MODE

Directory. Type in the route number to be erased

and then press the

ERASE ROUTE

softkey.

The

message

WJRE?

ESS

ENTER"

will appear. To

ERASE

the route,

presdm{

If you have a change

of heart,

pressjjlto

abandon the

ASE

request and return to the Display

mode.

3.10

TheplKey

One of the smallest, but most important keys on the NAV 398 is

the-1

key. This key controls access to the screens which set up the operating

parameters for the sensors, the display system, and for the navigation

calculations and readouts,

In the Menu pages you will find that the operations are very simple and

direct and the most difficult task will be to remember which menu holds the

OPERATION 334

..-

_,._

function or setup that requires change. The paragraphs that follow will

endeavor to provide simple guidelines for you.

SYSTEMSTATUSMENU ]

wrf-

’

UNlTS

DATAINWJT .

NW SETUPS

NAV SENPE MENU

SIGNALSTATUS

)

mEscl.sAnmm

COURSi3BEAJlINQS

)

SJgnol

Slcluc

PoSmONCORR

)

MENU OPERATIONS

AVERAGING . 7;

msssapumoQT

AVENAGING LORAN

(

mSmONCORR.

LORAN1

+--a

mur

YL(lNEllt

)

MANUAL vAnlAmll

GEODETICSVSTEM

WaMl

N 00.00’

dul.

w 00.00’

mEJsamnmsxi7

[

POSrnON

COFW GPSZ.]

“;:;i

drn

DGPS BEACON SELECT .

mEvlous

msssamnmm

-4

DGR

3.10.1 Main Menu Directory

The figure above shows the selection paths that are available when the

-key

is actuated. The Svstem setuos control Data Inputs/ Outputs, Units

of Measure and Language. The NAV

setuns

change the parameters for

calculating and displaying the navigation data. Items that can be altered are

Course & Bearing readouts, Speed averaging, and Position corrections. The

enal

Status screens display the signal reception and tracking status and

allow initialization input and manual control functions.

When

therMENU/key

is pressed and the MAIN MENU Directory is dis-

played, pressing the indicated

softkeys

will place you in the secondary

memis. When you are ready to leave the secondary menu, press

theI=

key. You will be returned to the MAIN MENU Directory.

If you are finished with setups in the menus, press

the//

key one more

time to return back to the last Display mode screen.

OPERATION 335

3.10.2 Signal Status Pages

The SIGNAL STATUS displays are used to show the conditions of signal

acquisition and tracking of the attached sensors and thereby indicate the

quality of the position fix. If the NAV unit is using both a loran and GPS

sensor, the status of the sensor in use is always displayed. You may choose

GPS or Loran operation while in the normal Display modes by pressing the

key.

3.10.2.1 Loran Signal Status

When operating in the Loran-C mode and the\SICNAL

STATUS1

softkey

pressed, the first screen advises which type of “stats” you will be looking at.

The

"LORAN STATUS"

screen will appear as shown in the figure below.

STATUS MENUS

LORAN C STATUS

mou

‘SIGNK”

STATUS MENU IF LOWN

SEIJXTEDASNAVTVPE

ENTER

S2@

PRESS ENTER TO GElURN

TOGGLES

moht

r4x

On this display the characters show the selected GRI and the Secondaries

being received and used for L/L calculations in the Signal box (prominently

featured on the page). The Master (M) station is shown first in the box. As

each Secondary signal is received it becomes listed in the box. The signals

appear in the list in the order in which they are received and not necessarily

in numerical order.

The selected GRI number appears in the top section of the box. An “A” may

appear to the right of the GRI to indicate that the 508 sensor is operating in

the automatic GRI and secondary selection mode. If the “A” is not ON, the

sensor is in the “manual” Station selection mode.

OPERATION 336

As you may remember from reading the basic loran information in the

R~~NAV

508 manual, the secondaries get their numbers by using the first

digit of their normal time delay. On this display you actually see the TDs of

all the loran signals, but the two

“S”

numbers highlighted in the reverse block

characters at the left side are the stations being used to get your Lat./Long

readout. So in the Status page example in the preceeding figure, the

”

1“)

“4”

line and the “6” lines are being received.

SNR Display

You can see a display of the

SNR’s

(signal-to -noise ratio) levels for the

Master and all received secondaries in the SNR column. The SNR level is

important because it affects the quality of the position fix and certainly

acquisition time.

The time required to select the correct cycle of the received loran signal is

directly related to the received strength of the signal (SNR). If the signals are

very weak, it usually takes much longer to “Lock-on” and track the signals

and display your position. The table below shows the general range for SNR

levels vs time of acquisition.

f3NR

Table

SNR LEVEL STATUS

TIME TO LOCK

99 Good Up to 3 minutes

Fair Up to 7 minutes

15-49

Poor Unpredictable

o- 14

Bad Try the GPS

Track Status

The Track Status numbers appearing in the

right hand column labled

"TRACK" vary

from 0

to 8’s during the acquisition process with an

“8”

indicating that the loran is “Locked-on” and

tracking that particular station.

SIGNALSTATUS LORAN ]

EST

STA

N 42 05.32’

w 071 10.14’

ECD

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

When one of the signals disappears or becomes too weak to be tracked, the

corresponding status number may go to

“9“

until the signal is recovered. If

the signal is not recovered within 5 minutes, the signal will be considered

“1ost“

and status number reverts to 0 (re-initiating search).

OPERATION 337

I’

STATION SELECTION

I-l

9960

AUTO STATION

mom

NEWGRI?

TOGGLES

TRW

REGISTERED GRls

Sl,

S2 SELECTION

St12

NEW Sl.

S2?

PRESS ENTER TO RETURN GRI

3.10.2.3 Station Selection Mode

If for some reason the SNR values or the Track Status of the

SELECTED

stations in the Automatic Station Select mode are poor and the loran will not

lock-on, you can choose Manual Station mode and make station selections

manually using the signals that are received in good quality. Just press the

When you see the "STATION SELECTION" screen, you only need to press

either

thdw1

softkey to select a different GRI from the internal GRI

list or

the[msl,sz?lsoftkey

to change the secondaries stations only.

Selecting GRIs Manually

Thdm[softkey

toggles through the list in numerical order. The GRI

names appear on the screen directly below the GRI number on the screen. If

you’re not sure which GRI to enter, the list of worldwide loran GRI’s appears

below.

WORLDWIDELORANCCHAINS

4990

C.PACIFIC

8000

CHEUROPE

5930

E.CANADA

8290

NO.CEN.USA

5970

E.ASIA(CO.LION

8940

FRENCH

5990

W.CANADA

8970

GREATLAKES

7170

SAUDIARABIASO.

8990

ARABIANORTH

7270

NEWFOUNDLAND EC

9610

SO.CENUSA

7950

CHAYKA E.ASIA

9940

WESTCOASTUSA

7960

GULFOFALASKA

9960

NEUSA

7970

NORWEGIANCHAIN

9970

NWPACIFIC

7980

S.E.USA

9980

ICELAND

7990

MEDITERRANEANSEA

9990

NORTHPACIFIC

5980

ATTUCHAWKA

7930

LABRADOR(OffAirin

Nov94)

OPERATION 3-39

Selection of Secondaries

When

pS1,S2?(

softkey is pressed, the screen will change to the

”

S 1,

$2 Selection” screen. On this page the top line of large characters shows the

received secondary stations from the selected GRI.

To enter the two secondary stations for S 1 and $2 that you would prefer to

use for your Lat/Lon calculations, Press

thasoftkey

for a NEW S 1 station

and using the numeric keys, type the number of the desired station. Then

pres$%%@

The softkey arrows will return. At this point you may coose

a new $2 or

press/ZiKQone

more time to return to the Signal Status page.

For S2, press

themsoftkey

and using the numeric keys, type the number

of the desired station for S2. Then

presdm1.

Example:

(-1

for S 1 of 2

/BJ 4,

@EEQ

for S2 of 4

Press

when finished to return to the

. Signal Status page.

3.10.2.4 GPS Signal Status

When in the GPS mode and

theI-

key is

pressed and

ISIGNAL

STATUS{

is’ selected from

the Menu Directory, the GPS Status screen will

appear and show the GPS satellite signals.

I .

,y.

:j@&

0141MT

SF*

PRESS CLEARTO EXIT I

The “Satellites Tracked” display shows the identification numbers( ID) of

the satellites being received, tracked, and used for L/L calculations in the

reverse block characters. The

Raystar

108 sensor is usually tracking 4-6

satellites at any one time and can track up to eight, if visible. So, seeing 6 to

8 blocks illuminated is not at all unusual.

In the column below each Sat ID # you can see see the individual satellite’s

azimuth angle, it’s elevation angle from the horizon, and signal level (SNR).

The data is displayed for all satellites being received.

Below the Status box the HDOP number appears and provides the current

fix quality. This rates both the strength of the satellite signals as well as the

geometry of the satellite positions. Typical HDOP numbers for a good fix

are 2 or less. Fair HDOP values are 4 or less; Poor HDOPs are over 5.

OPERATION 3-40

In the title box, the fix type is displayed at the right end. Here, you will see

either 3D or 2D characters. The 2D mode is a two-dimensional position fix

mode that will not factor the calculated altitude (antenna height) into the L/L

position solution. AUTO mode calculates altitude. Generally, the 2D mode

works the best for marine navigation.

The Status display also includes readouts of your estimated position, local

date and time, and antenna height.

There are two softkeys on the GPS Status screen.

Thmsoftkey

accesses

the GPS sensor Initialization sequence.

Thm

softkey permits special setups

that effect the GPS position fixing or readout displays. The next sections

cover the GPS initialization sequence.

3.10.2.5 Initializing GPS Sensors

The following paragraphs describes the series of initialization inputs to be

checked when your NAV unit is to be operated with the RAYSTAR 100 or

RAYSTAR

108 GPS Sensors.

when the

awtesenso

r is connected,

. When

the-1

key is pressed andlSIGNAL

STATUS1

is selected from the

Menu Directory while using the GPS mode, the GPS Status screen will

appear and show the GPS satellite signals. Press

them

softkey to start the

sequence of initial entries. The first screen appears as below:

Estimated Position

When the EST LATITUDE message appears, the current Latitude entry will

be displayed. To update the entry, you should always re-type the correct,

numbers for you latitude using the numeric keys. Even if the entry is OK, we

recommend

that

this entry, by pressing

thelm[key.

THEN PRESS ENTER

wnnu

nn.na

ESTIMATED POSITION

THEN PRESS ENTER

ENTERING INITIAL POSITION

Example:

Press

4,2,0,5,0,0~~,~/,

for N42’05.00’

Check the direction displayed to the left of the Latitude. Use

thakey

change

“S”

“N”

or vice versa.

Press-it0

save the Latitude.

Estimated Longitude

The prompt now moves to request your Longitude entry . Type in the correct

longitude value. Add a

“0”

for Longitudes below 100 degrees.

Pres!$Ml

Example:

Press

0,6,9,5,9,8,5,[~,~~,

for W69’ 59.85’

Check the direction displayed to the left of the Longitude. Press

thelE/wI

key to change “w” to

“E”

or vice versa. Press

(ENTER1

to complete the

longitude entry.

Whenvlis

pressed to complete your Longitude entry, you will be

prompted to enter the antenna height.

Antenna Height Entry

The display changes and prompts to

"ENTER ANT HEIGHT"

above sea level

in METERS (3.28 feet = 1 meter) or in

"FEET".

Enter the numeric value of

you antennas height above the water. Then

press-j.

When

thdm[

softkey appears on the screen, press the softkey only if you want to change

the units from meters to feet or vice versa. The currnt units selection appears

after the antenna height digits on the display. Then

presdmbgain.

When\-1

is pressed to accept your antenna

height, the unit will advance the message prompt

to request the date entry.

Date Entry

For this entry you need to type in sequence the

two digits of the Month, followed by two digits

for

theDay,

followed by two digits for the current

Year. When the readout looks OK, press

IENTER]

-94

IME

18.25.14

GRI

NO.

9960

When (ENTER7 is pressed to accept the Date

entry, the display advances to enter the Local

L-

PRESS ENTER TO RETURN

For May

7,94,

press 0,5,07,94

-1

time.

NOTE:

RETURNS TO

SIGNAL STATUS

, OPERATION 3-42

Local Time Entry

When

1-1

is pressed to accept the Date entry, the display will prompt

you to enter Local time. Enter the hour and minutes (+/- 15 minutes) using

the 24 hour format. In the 24 hour format,

9:OOa.m.

is shown as 0900,

3:OOp.m.

is 1500,10:00p.m. is 2200. Since each entry is two digits, enter

“0”

first when the hour or the minutes value is less than 10.

Example:

Press

0,9,0,5,~~for

9:05a.m.

Press

1,3,0,7lmjfor

1:07p.m.

The last screen of this sequence prompts you to enter the GRI number of’

the loran chain serving your area and the

first

two digits of the

TDs

that

would normally be used in that area.

Loran GRI Selection

When the GRI entry prompt appears, the GRI that serves the area of your

esitmated L/L position will appear in the entry window. If the GRI is correct

then it is only necessary to designate the TD numbers.

Press Sl

softkey and type two digits of first TD.

Press=1

When the

softkey arrows re-appear, press the S2 softkey and type the two digits of S2.

Then

pres5jvto

input the S2 entry.

If the

GRI

number was not correct, press

themsoftkey.

Re-type the

desired GRI number. Then press

1-4

If you are

fished,

follow the

message at the bottom of the page to press

the[mqkey

and return back

to the GPS Signal Status page.

3.10.2.6 SF for GPS Status

On the GPS Signal Status screen one key re-

mains. The

softkey

is them(specia1 functions)

key.

GPS Fix Mode

When

theSF(

key is pressed, the first of two SF

menus (shown in the figure) appear. Here you

may select the type of GPS fix. The choices are

and

AUTO (3D).

The

mode is recommended for

marine use, Press the softkey for 2D fix mode.

OPERATION 3-43

TNEN PRESS ENTER

lWTHT oolomt.

bWT)

SIGNAiY&T”S

OPERATIONS

PRESS

arm

To izxm

NOTE:

RETURNS To

slsw

sThW.9

Press

the[Gikey

to return to the Main Menu Directory.

L/L Digits ( L/L Resolution)

The next item of the SF menu selects the latitude/longitude readout resolu-

tion . The readouts can display to

VlOOths

of a minute or

l/lOOOths

of a

minute. The readouts are set to .OO’ from the factory. Press the

I-

softkey for .OOO readouts.

When the

lmjsoftkey

is pressed , the SF2 menu will appear. On this

menu you can set the Time & Date readouts on the GPS Signal Status page

to show the UTC Time & Date when

the/ml

softkey is pressed.

The last menu item starts the SATELLITE SEARCH mode. when this

softkey

is pressed it is requesting the GPS sensor to refresh its almanac data in

memory. The message prompt will ask you to press

them[key

if you

wish to proceed. Press

if you choose to abandon a SATELLITE

. The accumulation of almanac data normally takes anywhere from

15 minutes up to 30 minutes.

OPERATION 3-44

3.10.3 System Setups

In the System Set-up menu the type and style of the

various readouts and messages can be set to your prefer-

ence. This menu also controls the Data input/Output

parameters. To see the System menu, from the POS,

NAV, or

CD1

screen press thejRi$Qkey. On the Main

MenuDirectory,press

~~~SYSTEMSETUP[~~~&~~.

MAIN MENU

DIFIECTOR~

sYsTEMSETuPs

NAY

SETUPS

)

SIGNAL STATUS

)

mEssawmm

3.10.3.1 Display Type

The first item on the

SYSTEM STATUS

menu is the

NAV DISPLAY TYPE

selection. When

the(~~~

DISPLAY

TYPE/

softkey

is pressed, the position

coordinates will be shown in TD coordinates if TD is highlighted. When L/L

is selected, all position coordinates appear in Latitude/ Longitude coordinate

format.

3.10.3.2 Units Menu

When

thelm(softkey

is pressed on the system status menu, a second

SYSTEM UNITS

appears. On this screen the units for distance and speed,

language, and

CD1

scaling may be selected.

Themlkey

appears again

on the UNITS menu and this

time toggles the selection of

NM/KTS, SM/MPH, or

KIWKPH

for distance/speed

units. PresslUNITS(

until the

desired units are highlighted.

Language

Each time

theI-

key is pressed one of six

lan-

guages may be selected for the

SY%USTAlUS

UNITSJl

SYSTEMSTATUSUENU

CUSCALE)

NAvDlSPlAYTYPE

WDm

mssasmmsm

UNITS

)

SYSTEM STATUS OAT111

text on displays and in menus. English is the default language. As the key is

pressed

DEUTSCH,FRANCE,ESPANOL,NORSK,

and

ITALIAN

maybeselected.

CD1 Scale Range

This menu item sets the span of the

CD1

scale used on all

CD1

displays in

CDI, NAV, and POS modes. The selections available are 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5

nm. These are scale limits as measured from midscale to each end. The value

highlighted in the block is the selected value. Press

thelSCALE(softkey

to highlight your choice.

OPERATION 3-45

3.10.3.3 DATA IN/OUT Menus

When you are on the SYSTEM SETUP menu

and press

the)DATA IN/OUT)

sofkey

the SYSTEM STATUS- DATA

menu will appear. This menu

till

control

the format of the data to output and execute the transfer of waypoints and

routes in and out of the

NAV

unit.

To select the Data output format

INMEA

DATA OUTlsoftkey to highlight

0 180, or 0 183 NMEA data formats. The next press of the softkey will select

SeaTalk data format.

NMEA 0 180 is an old data format that is intended to provide XTE steering

data to older autopilots.

NMEA0183 is the current standard data

interface used between marine electronic

equipments. The list of NMEA 0 183 sen-

tences outputted by the NAV 398 can be

found on page

2-6

of this manual.

SEATAI,K

is a bi-directional data for-

mat used for communication between

Autohelm Instruments and Raytheon ma-

rine products.

OUTPUT ROUTE DATA

)

0100

SEATALK

Press

the[NMEA

DATA OUTjsoftkey to highlight your choice.

MEMORY DATA OUT

This menu item enables the transfer of

waypoint

and route data from

internal memory of the NAV unit to a PC file. The data is output in the

NMEA 0 183 format standard using the WPL and RTE sentences. This mode

can be most useful to download the memory contents for editing and

reloading. The mode is also useful to save a file record of the memories in

the event a Master Reset must be executed.

To transfer the Memory Data out, press thdMEMORY DATA

OUT1

so&key.

The MEMORY DATA OUT screen will appear. The Data output connec-

tions (Yellow & Green wires of the power cable) should be connected to the

COMl

or COM2 input of your PC. Verify that the line settings are set for:

8 Bit, 4800 baud, no parity, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit.

OPERATION 3-46

Designate a drive, path, and file for the data to be saved into. When the PC

all

Set, press

thelOUTPUT

WPT

DATA1

or the [OUTPUT ROUTE

DATA1

sofkeys to begin the memory transfer. The screen will show the message

"SENDINGWPDATAOUT"

anda”

UPLOADING"

willblinkonthescreenduring

the transfer process. The time to upload the data will depend on the number

of memory elements to transfer since up to 500 memories may be involved.

The UP

LOAD

message will go out when the transfer is completed.

MEMORYDATAINPUT

When you are ready to transfer the PC files of route plans or waypoints into

the NAV unit memories, please verify that the Data Input connections in the

power cable assembly are now connected to the PC

COMl

or COM2 port.

If everythings connected correctly, on the SYSTEM STATUS DATA

menu, press the MEMORY DATA IN

sofkey.

The screen will show the

message "LOADING

DATA

IN"

and

DOWNLOADING" will blink on the

screen during the transfer process. The time to download the data will depend

on the number of memory elements to transfer since up to 500 memories may

be involved and the transfer rate is one memory per second. The DOWN-

LOAD

message will go out when the transfer is completed.

SYSTEMSTATUS

UNrrS

1 1 SYSTEM STATUS DATA

NMEA

DATA OUT .

0100

SEATALK

IANGUAGE

. MEMORY DATA OUT

)

colscALE0

MEMORVDATAIN

)

1 WSTEWSTATUSMENU 1PNlsocLEAnToKlT

mssaEumDoT

NAV

DlsPl.AY

lYPE

MAIN

MENUDIRECTORY

UNITS

rnUE

DATAINIOUT

)

uuwmc

SYSTEMSETUPS

+m~amnmm

M4NUAL

VAGlAllON

NAvsETuPs

NAV

SGTIJPS

SIGNU STATUS l

msooaunmmm

COUILpMEuINGS

m~aanmDoT

POSrnON CORR

ASFCOtlRECTlON

~MANU

OFF

DGPS

BEACON

SELECT

)

OPERATION 3-47

COURSElBEARlNG TYPE

TRUE

NAV SETUPS MENU

blAGNEllC

)

COURSBIBBARINPS

)

-D

MANUAL VARIATION

)

POSITION

CORR.

lw$

PRESS CLEAR

EXIT

AVERAGING

)

PMSS

CLEAR

TO Exrr

3.10.4 NAV Setups Menu- Loran

NAV Setups for Loran include making choices of bearing types, position

corrections, and averaging constants for smooth (but responsive) readouts.

3.10.4.1TrueBlagnetic Modes

As with most navaids, Course and Bearing readouts can appear referenced

to True North or Magnetic North on the screen. When the

COURSE/BEARINGS

softkey is pressed the

COURSEBEARINGTYPE

menu permits selection of True

or Magnetic readouts. On the menu:

Press

thd=Jsoftkey

for True Bearings.

Press thelMACNETiC[key for Automatic Magnetic Bearings

Press

the/

MANUAL VARIATION

softkey

for manual Magnetic bearings

True North mode

When the unit is shipped from the factory the readouts for Course and

Bearing are displayed in “Magnetic North”. To display “True North” data’ it

is necessary to de-activate the “AUTO” Magneticvariation mode. Press the

/TRUEJkey

The Course and Bearing readouts will now be in degrees “True”.

The “mag” indicators, on the screen, will become ‘Ys.

Magnetic North Mode

when

thef~(orlMANUAL

VARIATION(keys

are pressed, the unit will

produce magnetic courses and bearings. The primary difference between these two

modes is that the variation values often from area to area. The

automatic variation program selected softkey

can adjust for

these changes. The Manual variation mode uses a fixed value that is usually

accurate for a specific area.

Manual Magnetic Variation

In rare cases the Auto Mag Variation may be off by a degree in certain

Lat/Lon

locations. In this case, you could turn OFF the Auto magnetic

OPERATION 3-48

program and use your own entered value for the variation by selecting the

MANUAL VARIATIONlsof&ey .

When

the1

MANUAL

VARIATIONI

key is pressed, you must first decide

whether the direction of the variation is East or West. The direction already

selected is displayed at the left side of the screen. Press

thmsoftkey

if the

direction should be changed and then press

thmdkey.

“00”

appears next

to the direction character.

Now type the numeric value of variation and

press[wi

The unit will

now be in magnetic mode, but using a fixed variation value. When

the//[

key is pressed, the entered variation will now be applied to all Course and

Bearing readouts. Press

thejjkey

and you will shift back to the mMain

menu directory.

Press-[

a second time to get back to the last used

display mode.

3.10.4.2 Position Corrections- Loran

The NAV 398 unit has Position corrections that are available for use with

Loran-C navigation and corrections that apply to GPS navigation. If you

happen to be using both senors in your system, the menus that appear on the

screen will be determined by the sensor that is currently selected for use. To

apply corrections to the loran L/L you will need to be sure the unit is in the

loran mode. Conversely, be in GPS mode to do GPS corrections.

The NAV 398 includes automatic correction programing for both the Loran

and the GPS modes and these programs are normally operating when the unit

comes from the factory.

Loran Position Corrections

When the loran sensor measures the loran signal time differences, the TD’s

received are rarely perfect by the time they reach your boat. They usually

contain some errors to signal timing developed as the signals travel across

land due to various distortions of the terrain along the path of the radio waves.

Fortunately, the error values are generally known for most of the loran

coverage areas and a table of corrections (ASF) is built into your loran

sensor.The ASF program helps to correct the loran time differences so the

Lat/Lon readouts will match marine chart coordinates and your GPS more

closely.

The NAV unit only uses

Lat.&on

for waypoint navigation calculations.

When navigating to and from waypoints, the loran performs its bearing and

distance, TTG, XTE calculations by comparing the

Lat/Lon

values. Upon

OPERATION 3-49

arrival at the waypoint, the ships’ L/L must match WPT L/L. If the ship’s

displayed L/L is ASF corrected, the waypoint memory must have corrected

L/L coordinates if you are to arrive at the same location again. The NAV 398

takes care of this automatically for you.

If you see some difference between the waypoint’s L/L in memory and the

ship’s position at the waypoint location, we suggest that you save the

waypoint

as an Event, while sitting next to the mark. This will put a corrected

position into the waypoint memory and will permit the repeatable accuracy

of loran (+/- 50 feet) to guide you to the same location the very next time.

Auto ASF

Normally the ASF program is set to Automatic when the 508/A sensor

leaves the factory. However you should check the POSITION CORR. menu

and verify that the program is ON at the first opportunity. On the Main Menu

Directory, press

thelPOSITION

CORR]

softkey. On the menu verify that the

ASF correction is highlighted at AUTO. Pressing the

softkey

steps the

selections from AUTO to MANUal to OFF, etc.

Manual TD Corrections

Although adding TD correction values to correct

your

Lat/Lon

position is not a common practice,

there are times when

TDs

of a fixed landmark are

available. It is fairly easy to correct your

Lat/Lon

reading using TD difference values. The procedure

for making manual TD corrections appear in the

following example:

Example:

The actual TD readings given on a chart

for a sea buoy are

13900.7~s

and

25590.0~s.

The

loran display reads 13899.5~s for S 1 and 25590.2~s

for S2 while sitting next to the buoy.

13900.7 Chart

25590.0

Chart

-13899.5 TD readout 25590.2 TD readout

1.2

correction

-0.2 S2 correction

KJSrnON

CORFI.

LORAN

ASF

COlUlECTiON

~MANU

OFF

o.ous

N 00.00’

14L

w 00.00’

PREssaEARToExtT

AVERAGING LORAN

After subtraction, the values

1.2~s

for

and

-0.2~~

for S2 were obtained

and can now be entered manually for the ASF values. To enter these values,

select the POSITION CORR. menu . Press the ASFCORRECTION

softkey

highlight MANU and press

thel[key.

TD will be highlighted to

indicate numeric values should now be entered.

OPERATION 3-50

Type in the numeric value 1, 2 and

press([.

In our example the

correction was a plus value. So, even though the

”

+/-I’

prompt just came

on-screen, just press

thdmlkey

again for the +1.2us TD 1 correction.

Whedwiis

pressed, the display

is now ready to continue with entering

the offset value for TD2. Type in the numeric value 0,2.

Press.

This

time press the +/, softkey, since the correction was a minus value. Then press

IENTER]to

store the -0.2~s TD2 value.

Manual L/L Corrections

Instead of using the Auto ASF program or the manual TD offset values, the

L/L coordinates may be corrected manually. The process is similar to making

manual TD correction entries, and is accomplished in the following manner:

First go to a fixed navigation point and read your current L/L position from

the loran display. Extract the L/L coordinates of the fixed point from your

marine chart. Subtract the two Latitudes and the two Longitudes from each

other to determine the appropriate correction to be entered into the NAV

unit.

Example: N42 42.23’ Loran W071 24.54’ Loran

N42 42.08’ Chart WO7124.50’

Chart

15’

(South) -.04’ (East)

After you have calculated your correction, select the POSITION CORR.

menu. Press the

softkey to highlight AL/L .

Type in the value of Latitude Offset 1, 2, 6. Press

the-1

key.

“N/S”

appears at the center softkey position. Since our sample offset is to the South,

press

them

softkey to change the direction for the latitude correction to

“S”.Then

press-l.

Whenle[is

pressed, the display will expect you to enter the value of

the Longitude Offset with the numeric keys. Type in 1,

0,5.

Press

-1

and the “E/W” characters appear again at the center

softkey

position. This

time the correction is to be subtracted. Use key to select E (-) for

the longitude correction before pressing

Press

thd=lkey

to return back to the Main Menu Directory. You could

presslCLEARlone more time to go back to the display mode. However, this

time press

the-1

softkey again

so we cm

check the AVERAGING

menu for Loran.

3.10.4.3 Averaging for Loran

Gn the

LORAN AVERAGING

menu we can select

AVERAGING

LORAN

averaging periods for the Loran L/L readouts and

POSITION.

one for the Speed readouts. Averaging periods of

=lyBllm

SHORT, MEDIUM, LONG, canbeselected.

SPEED

)

imlaLQ6

Press the

[

POSITION

[

softkey

repeatedly to mssaEulmm

scroll the selections for the position readout. Press

thdWisoi?key

repeatedly to scroll the selections for the Speed readout.

“SHORT”-

Shortest averaging, quickest response, slightly erratic readings.

“MEDIUM”-Gives smooth readings with more response.

“LONG’‘-Longest averaging period. Gives smoothest readings.

Generally for Loran , For L/L Short or Medium averaging is recommended.

For Speed, Medium or Long is recommended.

When correct, presslCLEARpo return to the Main Menu Directory.

3.10.5 NAV Setups

GPS

This section covers the NAV SETUP menus that are particular to GPS

operation. The

COURSE/BEARINGS

menu of the

NAV SETUPS

menu happens

to have the same operations for both Loran and GPS. The operations for

selecting magnetic bearings were covered in section 3.10.4.1. However, for

GPS operations, the

POSITION CORR

and

AVER

menus are unique to

GPS and are discussed in the following paragraphs.

3.10.5.1 Position Corrections

GPS

In the NAV 398 there are actually three forms of correction available in the

GPS mode. They are:

l Geodetic datum

l Manual L/L correction

l Manual TD correction

When the GPS sensor converts the ranging measurements from the satellites

into Lat/Lon coordinates it uses a mathematical formula (or datum) to arrive

at the L/L solution. In preparing charts or maps, cartographers also rely on a

particular mathematical formula or geodetic datum (scaling system)on which

to calibrate the Latitude/Longitude coordinate structure of the charts. The

type of datumused to make the chart is normally listed on the chart in the

table area.

OPERATION 3-52

Geodetic Datums

Mariners may find considerable errors (up to 200 meters) in plotting own

ship’s position if their charts were created using one type of geodetic data

system while the GPS calculates positions using another data system.

TheNAV 398 can program the

RAYSTAR

108 to provide position calculations

utilizing several geodetic data systems. For maximum plotting accuracy, you

should set the GPS to match the datum used for your marine chart. The

datums available in the

Raystar

108 are listed below and in Table A on the

following page:

WGS-84

2. WGS-72

BESSEL (JAPAN)

4. NAD-27 (USA)

NAD-27 (CANADA)

6. EURO-50 (Europe)

AUST-66 (Australia)

8.OSGB-36

NAD-83

10. Other datums (see table)

When the POSITION

CORR.

GPSl

menu is dis-

played the screen displays the current Geodetic

datumused by the GPS sensor. To move through

the datum list and select a different datum, press

GEODETICSYSTEM~~~~~~

down

to scroll the datum list.

POSITION CORR GPSl1

GEODETIC SYSTEM

WQS-W

N 00.00’

LIIJL

w 00.00’

PREsscLEhRm6xlT

WSITION

COFUI

GPSZ

0.6~1s

3.1

DGPS BEACON SELECT

PREvlous 8,

PREsclEARmmrr

Datums named on the list above will appear first in the sequence. When the

two digit numbers appear, continue holding the key until the desired number

is displayed. The numbers correspond to the datums listed on Table A. When

the datum or datum number you desire is displayed, it will become the datum

used for L/L calculations.

If you are finished with this menu, press

them[key

to return to the

MAIN MENU

Directory.

Presqmqone

more time to get back to the normal

navigating screens.

Table A: ADDITIONAL GEODETIC DATUMS

NO.

DATUM AREA SERVICE AREA

ADINDAN

ARC 1950

AUSTRALIAN GEODETIC 1984

BERMUDA 1957

BOGOTA OBSERVATORY

CAMP0 INCHAUSPE

CHATHAM 197 1

CHUO ASTRO

CORREGO ALEGRE

DJAKARTA (VATAVIA)

EUROPEAN 1979

GEODETIC DATUM 1949

GUAM 1963

HAYFORD 1910

HJORSEY 1955

INDIAN

KERTAU 1948

L.C. 5 ASTRO

LIBERIA 1964

LUZON

MERCHICH

MINNA

NAHRWAN

NAPARIMA, BWI

OLD EGYPTIAN

OLD HAWAIIAN

PICO DE LAS NIEVES

PROV.SO.AMERICAN 1956

PROV. SOUTH CHILEAN

PUERTO RICO

QOWOQ

RT90

SANTA BRAZ

SOUTH AMERICAN 1969

SOUTHWEST BASE

47 TIMBALAI 1984

Ethiopia and Sudan

Botswana

Australia

Bermuda Islands

Colombia

Argentina

Chatham Island

Paraguay

Brazil

Sumatra

Europe

New Zealand

Guam

Finland

Iceland

Ireland

West Malaysia & Singapore

Cayman Brat Island

Liberia

Philippines

Morocco

Cameroon

Oman

Trinidad

Tobago

Emt

Hawaiian Islands

Canary Islands

South America

South Chile

Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands

South Greenland

Sweden

Sao Maguel. Santa Maria Is

South America

Faial, Graciosa, Pica, Sao Jorge

Terceira Island

Brunei

East Malaysia

OPERATION 3-54

Manual Lat/Lon Corrections

Although its not very likely that you will choose to correct your GPS L/L

position with any type of manual corrections, the means to do so is included

in the NAV 398 menus. Manual corrections would not be efficient because

the variable errors introduced by the “selective availability” mode to the GPS

satellites negates such fine calibration attempts. GPS fix improvements are

much more likely to occur when the differential Beacon receiver is providing

dynamic corrections to the GPS sensor.

However, to “calibrate” your GPS to the NAVigation charts by using fixed.

correction factors added or subtracted to

Lat/Lon

readouts use

theU/L

correction procedure for loran operation described in paragraph 3.13.2.4. to

determine the needed correction values. Please refer to the description in that

section for further details.

Press

thdrd

softkey.

The

L/L characters will become highlighted

by a reverse block.

Type the numbers of the Lat correction value

and press

-1

. The N/S prompt appears.

Use the softkey, if necessary, to set the desired

direction. Then

press//l.

Now type the digits for the Longitude correc-

tion and press

-1.

The E/W prompt now

appears. Use the softkey again to set the correct

direction, if necessary. Then press

the[ENTER

key to finish inputing the correction.

The L/L position correction that is entered for

GPS is only used for GPS mode. If a L/L cor-

rection is made for the loran sensor, that correc-

tion value is only used for the loran.

GEODETIC SYSTEM

WGS-84

N 00. 00’

14L

00.00’

PREsscl.EhRTourr

Correction for GPS TDs

When

thepq

key is pressed on the

POSITION CORR

. GPS

menu the GPS2

menu appears. The first softkey/rTiD)can be used to input some offsets to

the TD readouts that are converted from the GPS L/L coordinates. Essentially

this menu entry functions in the same manner as the TD corrections for Loran

already discussed in section 3.13.2.3. Please refer again to the instructions

provided in that section.

OPERATION 3-55

3.10.5.2 Differential Beacon Operation

Ordinarily the Raytheon DGPS Beacon receiver works automatically to find

and track the radiobeacon providing differential GPS corrections in your

area. When the beacon is being received, “DGPS” is displayed in the message

area at the bottom of the various display modes.

The Beacon receiver is capable of operation in a

[

t+mrtoN

CORR GPSZ

Manual Tuning mode via the NAV 398 menu. To

access the DGPS menus, the DGPS beacon receiver

0.6~1s

must be connected, receiving a beacon signal, and

3.1us

providing correction signals to the GPS sensor. The

DGPSBEACONSELECT

message

"NO

CONNECT

will not appear and when the

PREVIOUS I)

DGPS BEACON SELECT

softkey

is pressed, the DGPS

pREssu6ARToExlT

menus will appear.

T~~BEACONSTATUS

display

is the first screen. The “A” indi-

cates the receiver is operating in

the automatic mode. The fre-

quency of the beacon is dis-

played.

DGP6 BEACON STATUS

FREGUENCY

206

KHZ

AUTO.

BAUD RATE

100 mull

RSSI

56 MANU)

mmsammm

Each beacon operates at an as-

signed frequency. Usually bea-

cons operating in the same area

are assigned different frequen-

cies, so they are easily identified.

FREQUENCY

DGPsGEAcoN

AUTO1

SEAGCH!ZlEP

)

mmc@@Q

THEN PRESS ENTER

The baud rate of the data transmission is displayed. Although the baud rate

can range between 50 to 300 baud, most beacons are currently transmitting

at 100 baud.

The third item on the screen is “RSSI”. The RSSI is the signal strength of

the received signal.

thelJsoftkey

is pressed you can set the frequency steps the beacon

receiver should use in its’ search mode. The selections are 1 Khz or 500 Hz

steps. Although a few beacons operate at XXX.5 Khz intervals, most

beacons operate at XXX Khz. So, setting this to 1Khz will provide a faster

search and acquisition of the beacon in AUTO mode.

OPERATION 3-56

When the

-1

softkey

is pressed the screen changes so you may type

in the frequency and baud rate of your desired beacon.

DGPS Beacon Transmitter

Freq

Baud

On this menu you should type the frequency and press

thejjkey.

Then

type in the baud rate and press the

-1

key. When the-key is

pressed following the baud rate entry, the screen will return to the last used

display mode screen.

Initially manual tuning to beacons is probably unnecessary. As the DGPS

system becomes more developed and beacons are more numerous towards

1996, it is possible that more than one strong beacon signal may be picked

up in some areas. Manual tuning assures that only the desired beacon will be

received.

3.10.5.3 Averaging for GPS

When, in GPS mode, the

ERA

GIN

GPS

screen appears, you can see that

only one averaging filter is used for both the L/L position readouts and the

Speed readouts for the GPS mode.

Pressing the softkey changes the averaging selection for readouts between

SHORT, MED, and LONG . When the desired Averaging level is highlighted

by the block, press thelCLEAR(key to step back to the Main Menu Directory.

Press-1

one more time to get back to the normal display modes.

OPERATION 3-57

SECTION4

MAINTENANCE

4.1 General

Maintaining satisfactory operation of your

NAV 398

can depend on how well

you care for the equipment. The simple maintenance tips that follow can

save you time and money, as well as prevent unnecessary premature failures.

Always keep the equipment as clean as possible.

Use a soft clean cloth for cleaning the surface filter, control panel, etc. Do

not use abrasive cleansers, chemical cleaners or solvents. Use glass cleaners

or a suitable general purpose detergent.

Periodically check the system hardware.

Inspect antennas and mounts, making sure all components are free of

corrosion and mounted securely. Examine all cables for evidence of chafing

or abrasions. Make sure connections to the ship’s DC power and RF ground

system are clean and tight. A light coating of a high insulation silicon grease

(such as Dow Corning DC-4) on connector pins can protect the plug contacts

from corrosion.

4.2 Replacing The Fuse

Your

NAV 398

has its fuse protection in the power cable assembly. The fuse

is a 2 amp fuse and protects the ship’s DC power line in the event of an over

current condition in the

NAV 398.

A replacement fuse is included with the

spare parts

supplied with your NAV unit.

If the

NAV 398

will not turn “ON”, the fuse should be checked and replaced,

if necessary. The fuse is released from the fuse holder by gripping each end

of the fuse holder assembly, slightly press the two sections together, and then

apply a half twist counter-clockwise to the cap end. After replacing the fuse

in the holder re-assemble the fuse holder by applying pressure in the reverse

direction.

MAINTENANCE

4-l

4.3 Replacing The Battery

Both the

NAV

398

and the

RAYSTAR

108

GPS

sensor units contain internal

memories to store your position and other set-up information. A lithium

back-up battery keeps this memory information intact even when the units

are disconnected from the ship’s battery.

The estimated life span of the internal memory battery is from three to five

years. If a battery should fail, the memory contents will be lost.

While both the

NAV

398

and

RAYSTAR

108

GPS sensor can be operated

without their batteries, the 298 would not retain its

waypoint

memory, and

the

RAYSTAR

108

would require a time consuming cold start-up each time

you use the units. This would be extremely inconvenient. To insure trouble-

free

operation, it is recommended that the battery be replaced every three

years with an exact replacement lithium battery by your Authorized

Raytheon dealer or by the Raytheon Factory Service Center.

4.4 Master Reset

The NAV 398 unit is a microprocessor based equipment, and like most

computers, it runs smoothly and efficiently in normal use. However, under

extremely rare conditions, (for example: during very low and intermittent

DC input power conditions, such as while starting engines) the unit could

“hang up” or “freeze”. If this condition should occur, re-boot the

NAV 398

with a Master Reset when the DC power condition has been normalized.

There are two types of Master Resets available:

Hard Reset

Clears all

waypoint

memories and resets the unit to the

default settings.

Soft Reset

Only resets the default settings, but does not effect the

waypoint memories.

Typical Default Settings:

Latitude Direction = North

Magnetic Variation = On

Averaging L/L = Med

Display Mode =

"NAV

398"

Backlighting = Off

Longitude Direction = West

Position Corrections = Off

Units = NMiKTS

Arrival Alarm = 0.10 nm

Other Alarms = 0.00 nm

Hard reset only:

Waypoint

Memories = 0 Route Plan Memories = 0

WPT Destination = 00 (No XTE bargraph or digits)

MAINTENANCE 4-2

D RESET

Turn the unit to OFF with

them[key.

Press and hold the

(pos/ljkey and press

them]

key to turn the unit ON.

SOL

RESET:

Turn the unit to OFF with

themd

key. Press and hold the

]m]key

and press

the]-]

key to turn the unit ON.

In each case following the reset, the

NAV 398

display changes to

“Ent Lat”

screen of the the Auto Start-up sequence and will prompt you to re-enter the

Latitude and Longitude initial position coordinates.

4.5 Troubleshooting Chart

SYMPTOM

CHECK

No Power Input Check in-line fuse. If blown,

replace with 2 Amp fuse.

Not Receiving

SNR readings = 0

Lat/Lon reading does

not change.

Check Sensor connections.

Check Signal Status.

Check Initial settings.

Check Est. L/L entry.

Check GRI is correct.

Check Est. L/L entry. Re-enter

if error of more than 2 degrees.

Lat/Lon readings have

constant error.

WPT BRG incorrect.

DTG appears correct.

Check position corrections for

invalid entries.

Check magnetic correction is ON.

Check if ASF is ON; Is

WPT

correct?

4.6 SPECIFICATIONS

4.6.1 General

Memories:

Waypoint

Event Marks:

Waypoint

Entry:

Route Plans:

Ships’ Track:

500; Name WPTs w/8 characters.

Saves to next available WPT memory.

or user select, w/date stamp & Nav type

L/L,

TDs,

10 plans; up to 20 waypoints max.

300 point memory

MAINTENANCE 4-3

Sensor Inputs:

Alarms:

Data Output:

Data Output Rate:

Data Input:

Display type:

Display Backlighting:

Memory Back-up:

Input Voltage:

Power Consumption:

4.6.2 Display Data

Latitude/Longitude:

TD Pair:

Stations:

Satellite Data:

Waypoints:

Bearing & Range:

Time-To-Go:

Speed & Course:

Receiving Status:

Cross-track-error:

Corrections:

Loran-C, GPS

Waypoint

Arrival, Anchor Drift,

Cross-Track-Error, Man-Overboard,

“NO FIX” for poor signal inputs.

Single Port; NMEA

0180/0183

SeaTalk;

NMEA 0 183 includes

GLL, GTD, VTG, APB,

RMC , BWC, RMA, and RMB.

Every 2 seconds for RMA or RMC, & RMB

every 4 seconds for all other data.

From GPS Sensor; accepts NMEA 0183 GLL,

VTG, RMC, GGA.

From Loran Sensor; accepts NMEA 0 183

GLL, GTD,

VTG,RMA,

Data Input Port; NMEA 0183

WPL, RTE

STN LCD, Dot Matrix 240 x 240dots

FL panel

Lithium Battery, 3-5 years

lo-16 VDC

Less than 6 watts

N or S + 6 digits,

.OOl

min. resolution

E or W + 7 digits,

.OOl

min. resolution

6 digits, 0.1 us resolution, for each

selected Time Difference.

GRI and Selected Secondaries.

Sat ID, Azimuth, Elevation, SNR, HDOP

Lat/Lon and TD coordinates displayed.

Bearing & Range to waypoints, and between

waypoints in a route plan.

Remaining time to

waypoint

at current

speed in hours and minutes.

SOG & COG calculated from L/L position

changes; Averaging period selectable.

Tracking status, SNR, and ECDs

of MASTER and selected secondaries.

Shows di%ance off-course in O.Olnm

increments.

1) Magnetic Variation, Auto/Manual

2) Position Offset (ASF) via:

a. Auto DMA ASF program (Note:

upgraded to most recent tables)

MAINTENANCE 4-4

Man-Overboard Mode:

Languages:

Warning Indicators:

b. Manual entry for L/L or TDs

Range, bearing, COG & SOG, and

alarms for emergency search conditions.

English, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Italian,

German

“ERR” for Low SNR, Blink, Cycle

selection, no L/L solution. On-screen

indicator and audible alert for Arrival,

XTE, or Anchor Watch alarms.

4.6.3 Physical and Environmental

Operating Temperature:

0’

to 50’ C (32’ to 122

’

Weight: 1.4kg. (3 lb)

Dimensions: 11.05H x 195.5 W x 6.8D cm

4.35H

7.7W

2.7D

inches

Specifications are subject to change without notice

MAINTENANCE 4-5

Raymarine Gps Navigation Manual

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