Ritron RIT20-250 220 MHz TRANSCEIVER User Manual dtxmanual

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TYPE OF EXHIBIT:
USERS MANUAL
FCC PART:
2.1033(c)(3)
MANUFACTURER:
RITRON, Inc.
505 West Carmel Drive
Carmel, IN 46032
MODEL:
DTX-254
TYPE OF UNIT:
220 MHz Transceiver Module
FCC ID:
AIERIT20-250
DATE:
December 23, 2004
RITRON, INC.
PRELIMINARY 12-04
RITRON MODELS DTX-154, 254 & DTX-454
PROGRAMMABLE
FM TRANSCEIVER MODULES
MAINTENANCE & OPERATING
MANUAL
FOR USE ONLY BY AUTHORIZED SERVICE/MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DTX-154/254/454 MODULES
INTRODUCTION
1.1
GENERAL
1.2
MODEL IDENTIFICATION
1.3
FCC REGULATIONS
MODELS DTX-154, DTX-254 AND DTX-454 SPECIFICATIONS
2.1
GENERAL
2.2
TRANSMITTER
2.3
RECEIVER
DTX-154/254/454 INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTOR
ACCESSORIES
OPERATION
5.1
CHANNEL SELECTION
5.2
POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE
5.3
DUTY CYCLE/KEY-DOWN LIMITATIONS
5.4
OPERATING MODES
5.5
RNET COMPATIBILITY MODE
PROGRAMMING
6.1
PC PROGRAMMING KIT
6.2
LOADING THE PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
6.3
COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS
6.4
USING THE PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
6.5
PROGRAMMER MENUS
II
DTX-154/254/454 STAND-ALONE RF BOARD
DTX RF BOARD DIMENSIONS
RF BOARD J102 INPUT/OUTPUT
9
DTX SYNTHESIZER LOADING
III
MAINTENANCE
10
IMPORTANT MAINTENANCE INFORMATION
11
THEORY OF OPERATION
12
13
14
15
11.1
DTX-154/254 RF BOARD
11.2
DTX-454 RF BOARD
11.3
CONTROL/LOADER BOARD
HARDWARE OPTIONS
12.1
CONTROL/LOADER BOARD OPTIONS
12.2
RF BOARD OPTIONS-STAND-ALONE OR PART OF DTX MODULE
12.3
RF BOARD OPTIONS-STAND-ALONE ONLY
ALIGNMENT
13.1
REQUIRED TEST EQUIPMENT
13.2
ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE
13.3
RF BOARD INTERNAL ADJUSTMENTS
ACTIVE COMPONENT VOLTAGE CHART
14.1
DTX-154/254 RF BOARD
14.2
DTX-454 RF BOARD
14.3
CONTROL/LOADER BOARD
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
I
DTX-154/254/454 MODULES
INTRODUCTION
1.1
GENERAL
The RITRON DTX-154/254/454 modules are programmable 2-way radios, which operate either in
the VHF, 220 MHz or UHF professional FM communications bands. Each of eight channels can
be programmed to contain a unique set of operating frequencies. The DTX-154/254/454 module
is made up of two PC boards, an RF board and a control/loader board. These two boards are
enclosed in a metal case with two connectors on one end; a 50 ohm BNC connector for connection
to an antenna and a DB-15 sub-miniature connector for power and control input/output.
In addition, the RF board is available as a stand-alone unit for system integrators. The RF board
as sold as a stand-alone item has a few more hardware options than when installed and sold as part
of a module. See section 11 for details on the hardware options.
1.2
MODEL IDENTIFICATION
The part number system for the DTX-154/254/454 module is as follows:
The module has a part number in the form of “DTX-A54-BCDEF”
Where:
A is the major frequency band designator:
1=VHF
2=220 MHz
4=UHF
B is the sub-band designator:
G=136-162 for VHF and 400-420 for UHF
A=420-440
B=430-450
O=148-174 for VHF, 217-245 MHz for 220 MHz band, and 450-470 for UHF
C=470-490
T=490-512
C is the connector designator:
B=BNC connector
D designates the IF bandwidth:
N=narrow
W=wide
E designates the maximum power level:
3=3 watts
6=6 watts
9=10 watts
F designates whether the control/loader board has a regulator and if so, at what current level:
D=no regulator; the unit must operate at +7.5 VDC and is limited to either 3 or 6 watts
max.
L=low current regulator; the power module is not regulated. Used for 10 watt version
only.
I=high current regulator; the unit operates from 10-15 volts at either 3 or 6 watts max.
Example: A DTX-454-OBN6I would be a UHF module for operation between 450 and 470 MHz
with a BNC RF connector, narrow (12.5 kHz channel spacing) IF bandwidth, 6 watts maximum
output power, and an internal regulator to allow operation from 10 to 15 volts.
The part number system for a stand-alone RF board is the same as that for a module except that
“F” designator (regulator option) does not exist and a “-DD” is appended at the end.
Note that the RF board inside a module is not exactly the same as the corresponding stand-alone
RF board. There are a number of components and jumper options on the stand-alone board that
are not necessary when mated to the RITRON DTX control/loader board.
1.3
FCC REGULATIONS
1.3.1
LICENSING
The FCC requires that the radio owner obtain a station license for his radio before using the
equipment to transmit, but does not require an operating license or permit. The station licensee is
responsible for proper operation and maintenance of his radio equipment, and for ensuring that
transmitter power, frequency and deviation are within the limits specified by the station license.
This includes checking the transmitter frequency and deviation periodically using appropriate
methods.
1.3.2
EQUIPMENT AUTHORIZATION
The unit is certified for transmission of either voice or data signals when aligned according to the
alignment procedure for the proper bandwidth and when operated as a complete unit in the metal
case. Operation of the RF board as a stand-alone unit or in combination with any other equipment,
in any mode outside the alignment procedure, or with the clipper filter electronically disabled will
require the filing of a new type acceptance application with the FCC by the user.
1.3.3
SAFETY STANDARDS
The FCC, with its action in General Docket 79-144, March 13, 1985, adopted a safety standard for
human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment.
The DTX-154 has been evaluated for compliance with the maximum exposure limits for RF
energy at the maximum power rating of the unit and with the only antenna sold for use with this
product by RITRON. To ensure compliance with the General Population/Uncontrolled maximum
exposure limits, please observe the following:
When the Ritron RAM-1545 remote magnetic mount antenna is used, mount the antenna in a
location that will ensure that all persons will be at least 19 inches (49 cm) away from the antenna.
Antennas other than the Ritron RAM-1545 must be tested with the DTX-154 for RF exposure
compliance in the environment in which it is to be used per the FCC’s OET Bulletin 65, Edition
97-01 or Industry Canada RSS-102.
The DTX-254 has been evaluated for compliance with the maximum exposure limits for RF
energy at the maximum power rating of the unit with a common unity gain quarterwave magnetic
mount mobile antenna. To ensure compliance with the General Population/Uncontrolled
maximum exposure limits, please observe the following:
When the quarterwave remote magnetic mount antenna is used, mount the antenna in a location
that will ensure that all persons will be at least 26 inches (67 cm) away from the antenna.
Antennas other than a quarterwave magnetic mount antenna must be tested with the DTX-254 for
RF exposure compliance in the environment in which it is to be used per the FCC’s OET Bulletin
65, Edition 97-01 or Industry Canada RSS-102.
The DTX-454 has been evaluated for compliance with the maximum exposure limits for RF
energy at the maximum power rating of the unit and with the only antenna sold for use with this
product by RITRON. To ensure compliance with the General Population/Uncontrolled maximum
exposure limits, please observe the following:
When the Ritron RAM-45 remote magnetic mount antenna is used, mount the antenna in a
location that will ensure that all persons will be at least 21 inches (53 cm) away from the antenna.
Antennas other than the Ritron RAM-45 must be tested with the DTX-454 for RF exposure
compliance in the environment in which it is to be used per the FCC’s OET Bulletin 65, Edition
97-01 or Industry Canada RSS-102.
2
2.1
MODELS DTX-154/254/454 SPECIFICATIONS
DTX-154
DTX-254
DTX-454
FCC Identifier
AIERIT12-150
AIERIT20-250
AIERIT11-450
FCC Rule Parts
22, 74, 90
90
22, 74, 90, 95
Industry Canada Identifier
1084A-DTX154 1084A-DTX254 1084A-DTX454
Frequency Range
136-162 MHz
148-174 MHz
217-245MHz
400-420 MHz
420-440 MHz*
430-450 MHz*
450-470 MHz
470-490 MHz*
490-512 MHz*
Number of Channels
Transmit/Receive Spacing
26 MHz max.
28 MHz max.
20 MHz max.
GENERAL
Mode of Operation
Simplex/half Duplex
Frequency Control
PLL Synthesizer
Channel Increment (Synthesizer step size)
2.5 kHz
2.5/3.125 kHz
5/6.25 kHz
Narrow Mode
11 kHz
11 kHz
11 kHz
Wide Mode
16 kHz
16 kHz (FCC)
16 kHz
1.5 ppm
1.0 ppm
1.5 ppm
w/o internal regulator
7.5 VDC
7.5 VDC
7.5 VDC
w internal regulator
11-16 VDC
11-16 VDC
11-16 VDC
N/A
N/A
11-16 VDC
Emissions Bandwidth
Frequency Stability (-30 to +55 °C)
Supply Voltage
3 and 6 watt versions
10 watt version
RF Input/Output Connector
BNC standard
Power/Data Interface
15 pin subminiature D type
Maximum Dimensions (L x W x H)
3.6” x 2.3” x 1.0” including connectors
Weight
6 oz.
* Not Available Yet
2.2
DTX-154
DTX-254
DTX-454
26 MHz
28 MHz
20 MHz
3 watt version
N/A
N/A
1 to 3 watts
6 watt version
1 to 6 watts
1 to 6 watts
1 to 6 watts
10 watt version
N/A
N/A
1 to 10 watts
TRANSMITTER
Operating Bandwidth
RF Output Power (internally adjustable)
Duty Cycle
5 to 100 % depending upon voltage and power level
RF Load Impedance
50 ohms
Modulation Distortion (per TIA/EIA 603)
5 % max.
Frequency Response (+1/-3 dB ref 1 kHz)
At MIC IN (ref pre-emphasis curve)
50 Hz to 2500 Hz
At AUX IN w/o pre-emphasis
50 Hz to 2700 Hz
Transmitter Attack Time:
15 ms max
Spurious and Harmonics
-20 dBm max.
FM Hum and Noise (per TIA/EIA 603)
12.5 kHz channel operation
40 dB min.
25 kHz channel operation
45 dB min.
Group Delay Variation (50-2500 Hz)
5 us max.
Current Drain
1 watt
1.0 A max.
1.0 A max.
1.0 A max.
3 watts
1.6 A max.
1.6 A max.
1.6 A max.
6 watts
2.4 A max.
2.4 A max.
2.4 A max.
10 watts @ 13.5 V
N/A
N/A
2.4 A max.
AUX IN adjustment range (60% rated dev.)
w pre-emphasis (@ 1 kHz)
200 to 1000 mV rms
flat
40 to 300 mV rms
2.3
DTX-154
DTX-254
DTX-454
26 MHz
28 MHz
20 MHz
RECEIVER
Operating Bandwidth
Sensitivity (12 SINAD w de-emphasis)
0.30 uV (-117.5 dBm)
RF Input Impedance
50 ohms
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
+/- 12.5 kHz w narrow IF
60 dB min.
+/- 25 kHz w wide IF
70 dB min.
Spurious and Image Rejection
70 dB min.
Intermodulation Rejection
67 dB min.
FM Hum and Noise (per TIA/EIA 603)
12.5 kHz channel operation
35 dB min.
25 kHz channel operation
40 dB min.
Conducted Spurious
-57 dBm max.
Receive Attack Time (transmit to receive)
15 ms max.
Noise Squelch Attack Time
13 ms max.
RSSI Squelch Attack Time
5 ms max.
Audio Distortion (per TIA/EIA 603)
5 % max.
Audio Response at AUX OUT (+1/-3 dB, ref 1 kHz)
12.5 kHz channel operation
100 Hz to 3.5 kHz
25 kHz channel operation
100 Hz to 5 kHz
Group Delay Variation (100-3500 Hz)
Receive Current Drain
20 us max.
80 mA max.
80 mA max.
75 mA max.
AUX OUT Adjustment Range
w de-emphasis (@ 1 kHz)
50 to 500 mV rms open circuit
flat
250 to 1800 mV rms open circuit
AUDIO OUT Adjustment Range (@ 1 kHz)
400 to 1750 mV rms
3
DTX-154/254/454 INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTOR
Connector Pinout
Pin Number
Name
Description
Comments
CS0
Channel Select low bit
CS1
Channel Select mid bit
CS2
Channel Select high bit
MIC IN
Microphone Input
CSN
High/Low Power or Channel 1/2
RAW SUPPLY Power Supply Input
Positive Supply voltage
input.
AUX IN
Auxiliary Input
Wideband input for data.
AUX OUT
Auxiliary Output
Wideband output for data.
PGN IN/OUT
Programming I/O
External programmer
connects here.
10.
CTS
Clear to Send
Active high when
transmitter can accept
modulation.
11.
RX MON
Monitor
Breaks squelch in receive.
12.
AUDIO OUT
Audio PA Output
Output of audio PA.
13.
DCD
Carrier Detect
Carrier detect output.
14.
PTT/RTS
Push to Talk
Activates transmitter.
15.
GND
Ground
Negative supply point and
Input for microphone type
signals to be transmitted.
Signals at this input are
pre-emphasized, limited,
and filtered.
reference for all inputs.
Pinout Description
Pin Number
Description
CS0-Least significant bit of the channel select lines. Active high 5 volt
TTL/CMOS level. Internal 10 kΩ pull-up to +5 volts.
CS1-Mid bit of the channel select lines. Active high 5 volt TTL/CMOS level.
Internal 10 kΩ pull-up to +5 volts.
3
CS2-Most significant bit of the channel select lines. Active high 5 volt
TTL/CMOS level. Internal 10 kΩ pull-up to +5 volts.
Channel
CS2
CS1
CS0
0 = Logic low
1 = Logic high
Note: Due to the internal pull-up resistors, the unit defaults to channel 8 if the
channel pins are left open (unconnected).
MIC IN-Microphone input. This input accepts microphone type input signals
for transmit. The signal is amplified, passed through the clipper and the clipper
filter and then to the RF board. This input can be programmed to be disabled
(muted) if desired.
CSN-When enabled through programming, this input selects between channels 1
and 2. This input is TTL/CMOS level type input with a logic low required for
channel 1 and a logic high required for channel 2. Internal 10 kΩ pull-up to +5
volts.
RAW SUPPLY- The positive supply voltage for the unit is supplied through this
pin. The actual supply voltage required depends upon model type. Ensure that
the correct supply voltage per the given model is used.
AUX IN-This is the broadband input for modulation. The gain through this
input to the modulator is programmable, as is the use of pre-emphasis. This
signal passes the clipper and clipper filter.
AUX OUT-This is the broadband output of the receiver. The gain from the
receiver to the output is programmable, as is the use of de-emphasis. The choice
of AC or DC coupling from the RF board discriminator is also programmable.
The coupling at the output of this pin is AC coupled, however. It can be
converted to DC coupling with internal hardware modifications.
PGN IN/OUT-Connect via RITRON DTXP-PCPK PC Programming Kit to
computer for programming the unit.
10
CTS-Clear-To-Send output from the unit which indicates that the unit is
transmitting a carrier at the correct frequency and power level and is ready to
accept an input signal to be transmitted. This output would normally become
true in response to a PTT RTS (see pin 14 description below) activation. The
polarity of this output can be programmed. The output is active low 5 volt logic
with an internal 10 k ohm pull-up to 5 volts. It can source up to 10 mA when
low.
11
RX MON-This input breaks the squelch on the receiver i.e. allows for
monitoring the channel even when a signal not strong enough to break squelch is
present. Input levels are TTL/CMOS; polarity may be programmed. Internal 10
kΩ pull-up to +5 volts.
12
AUDIO OUT-This is the output of the audio power amplifier. This output can
drive up to ½ watt in to an 8 ohm load. This output can be enabled and its gain
controlled by programming.
13
DCD-Carrier detect output. This output becomes true when a signal strong
enough to exceed the programmed squelch threshold is present. This output is
not affected by the RX MON input. The polarity can be programmed. The
output is active low 5 volt logic with an internal 10 kΩ pull-up to +5 volts. It
can source up to 10 mA when low.
14
PTT/RTS-Push to Talk/Request to Send. This input commands the unit to
transmit. Input levels are TTL/CMOS; polarity may be programmed. Internal
10 kΩ pull-up to +5 volts.
15
GND-System ground. All signals and voltages are referenced to this input. The
negative side of the power supply should connect here.
4
ACCESSORIES
Note: Programming kits are for use by authorized service/maintenance personnel only.
The Programming Kit for DTX-154/254/454 radios (via compatible computer) is model DTXPPCKT. It includes:
1) Programming software diskettes, 3.5” (qty 2).
2) 1 25 pin PC to 6 pin modular adapter cable with built-in interface circuitry.
3) 1 modular adapter to DB-15 connector cable with power cable.
Factory programming of channels and features is also optional. Contact the factory for details.
5
OPERATION
5.1
CHANNEL SELECTION
The DTX module supports eight channels. The desired channel is chosen via pins 1,2, and 3 of
the 15 pin connector as shown:
Channel
Pin 3
Pin 2
Pin 1
0 = Logic low
1 = Logic high
A logic low is a voltage level below 1 volt while a logic high is a voltage level above 3.5 volts.
These three pins have an internal 10 kΩ pull-up resistor to + 5 volts. Therefore, any pin left
unconnected will assume a logic high state. Do NOT apply voltages outside the range of 0 to +5
volts to these pins.
A change in the channel selection in receive will cause the receiver to operate on the new channel.
In transmit, however, the channel selection is only checked upon a push-to-talk activation.
Changes in channel during transmit will not change the transmit operating channel of the unit until
the unit is cycled from transmit to receive and back to transmit.
5.2
POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Pin 6 is the positive supply input to the unit. The type of module determines the actual voltage
that should be applied to this pin. One should be absolutely sure of the proper voltage and current
requirements before applying power.
Three voltages are used within the unit; +5 volts for the processor and logic circuits along with
most of the receiver, +7.5 volts for the transmitter driver stages, and the supply voltage for the RF
power module which depends upon which module is used.
The VHF and 220 MHz units and the 3 and 6-watt UHF units use 7.5 volt RF power modules.
Two supply voltage options are available for these units depending upon whether the
control/loader board has a regulator installed. If a regulator is not installed, the voltage should be
7.5 volts +/-10 %. This voltage should be “clean” and preferably regulated since the RF power
module is powered directly from this source. Variations in voltage will cause variations in
transmitted output power. Conversely, if the control/loader board has a regulator installed, the
supply voltage can be at any voltage between 10 and about 15 volts. Although the use of the
regulator allows flexibility in terms of supply voltage, because of the amount of heat generated by
the regulator, significant duty cycle/key down limitations may apply (see below).
The RF power module in the 10 watt UHF unit requires at least 12 volts to achieve 10 watts,
although voltages as high as 15 may be used. Since the module is powered directly from this
voltage, the supply should be “clean” and, preferably, regulated. The output power will vary with
supply voltage. The 7.5 volts required for the transmitter driver stages is developed by a regulator,
but since the current requirements are limited, the regulator is not a factor in determining the duty
cycle/key down limits.
5.3
DUTY CYCLE/KEY-DOWN LIMITATIONS
The major heat generating components within the module such as the RF power amplifier and
voltage regulator (if used) have maximum temperature limits that should not be exceeded. In
addition, the temperature within the module itself must be kept below the maximum temperature
of the reference oscillator. As a result, depending upon power, supply voltage, and temperature,
limits upon the average transmit duty cycle and the maximum continuous transmitter on time
exist. These limits are summarized below for operation in still air:
Temperature (°C) Duty Cycle (%) Key-Down Time (s)
w/o internal regulator:
3 watt RF output
6 watt RF output
10 watt RF output @ 13.5 V
25
100
30
60
15
25
80
30
60
10
25
30
15
60
25
50
20
60
25
30
15
60
w internal regulator
3 watt RF output
6 watt RF output
Blowing air across the unit and/or adding heat sinks can significantly improve the duty cycle/keydown times, especially in units without the internal regulator.
5.4
OPERATING MODES
5.4.1
RECEIVE
Carrier Detect and Squelch Operation
The DTX is a transceiver; i.e. it can receive and transmit, although not at the same time. A carrier
detect system exists within the unit to detect the presence of a carrier which controls the logic state
of the DCD (data carrier detect) output. The RF levels at which this output changes state are
programmable. In addition, the unit may be programmed such that the audio outputs, AUDIO
OUT and AUX OUT, are muted (squelched) in conjunction with DCD operation. In units where
squelch operation has been enabled, the RX MON input can be used to override a squelched
condition. The DCD output is not affected by the RX MON operation.
Receiver Audio Outputs
Two receiver audio outputs are present on the DTX module. The AUX OUT is general purpose
output which can have pre-emphasis enabled or bypassed. Its gain can be controlled and its output
is designed to drive 600 Ω loads. The coupling from the discriminator on the RF board may be set
to AC or DC by the programmer. The output stage is AC coupled, but can be modified for DC
coupling. See the maintenance section of the manual for details on this modification. The
AUDIO OUT is always de-emphasized, but its gain can be programmed. In addition, transmit
sidetone can be programmed as an option, if desired. This output can drive 8 Ω speaker-type
loads.
5.4.2
TRANSMIT
PTT Operation
The transmitter is activated by placing the PTT/RTS (Push-To-Talk/Request-To-Send) input in its
true state. This state is programmable. If the unit is to operate in simplex (transmitter and receiver
on the same frequency), one should check for activity on the channel before transmitting. This can
be done by checking the state of the DCD output. In addition, the unit can be programmed so that
transmit operation is inhibited if the DCD threshold has been exceeded.
CTS Output
The CTS (Clear To Send) output goes to its true state when the unit has powered up the
transmitter, is locked on the correct transmit frequency, and is ready to accept modulation. This
output may be used to signal a modem to start transmitting data. If this output is not used, to
avoid loosing data, a delay of at least 15 ms is required between PTT/RTS activation and the
application of data.
Transmitter Audio Inputs
Two audio inputs are available on the DTX module. The AUX IN is a general-purpose input that
can have pre-emphasis enabled or bypassed and its gain can be controlled through programming.
The input impedance is greater than 50 kΩ and is capacitive coupled with a lower roll-off
frequency of about 25 Hz. The MIC IN input is fixed gain input designed for connection to a
standard electret or dynamic microphone. About 25 mV rms of input signal at 1 kHz will produce
60 % of maximum deviation. The signal at this input is pre-emphasized. The signals at both
inputs pass through the modulation limiter and post-limiter filter.
High/Low Power
If RNet compatibility mode is not programmed into the unit, high and low power levels can be
programmed into the unit on a channel by channel basis. High power is selected by placing the
CSN input at a logic high state. Placing the CSN input at a logic low state chooses low power.
The CSN input has an internal pull-up resistor; it will assume the high state i.e. high power when
left unconnected.
Specialized Modem Operation
Modems designed to achieve the highest data rates possible in a radio channel may require a direct
DC connection to the modulation path and the removal of the limiter-filter. In order to receive
FCC Type Acceptance, the DTX module must either be tested and approved with a specific
modem connected to the transmitter, or a modulation limiter and limiter-filter must always be
present in the transmit modulator audio path with the modulation inputs AC coupled. To allow for
the most flexibility for the end user, the unit was type accepted as a stand-alone unit. It is
possible, with hardware modifications and special programming software (not supplied with the
unit), to DC couple the AUX IN input and/or defeat the limiter-filter. The modulation limiter
would still be in place, but the deviation of the DTX module could be set such that the modulation
limit within the DTX module is never reached. The deviation would be set by the modem level
and the AUX IN gain setting. The end user/system integrator would then bear the responsibility of
obtaining type acceptance or operating in a frequency band where type acceptance is not required.
Contact RITRON for details. Note: Most modems will connect directly to the DTX without
requiring any special modifications or programming.
Antenna Placement
The DTX module is enclosed in a metal housing for RF shielding. However, RF emitting sources
located very close (less than 12 inches) to the unit can at times affect its operation. It is not
recommended that an antenna be connected directly to the module’s BNC connector unless the RF
output power is set for less than 1 watt or the module is placed within another RF tight enclosure.
5.5
RNET COMPATIBILITY MODE
The DTX module can be programmed to mimic some of the behavior of the RNet 450 radio. In
the RNet compatibility mode, the CSN input is used as a channel selector line. A logic low selects
channel 1 while a logic high selects channel 2. The channel select lines, CS0, CS1, and CS2 have
no effect. Also, the DCD output is held in its true state during transmit. It would normally be
false in transmit.
6
PROGRAMMING
To program the DTX Module, the RITRON PC Programming Kit, DTXP-PCKT, must be used.
6.1
PC PROGRAMMING KIT
The user should install the programming software on the host computer. The RITRON adapter
cables connect the radio to a computer’s serial communications port. Once the cables are hooked
up, the user runs the programmer software. This program transfers data between radio and
computer memory.
6.1.1
PROGRAMMING KIT CONTENTS AND REQUIREMENTS
The RITRON Programming Kit includes the following:
1.
Programming software that is contained on two diskettes.
2.
PC to radio adapter cable, which is terminated at one end with a DB-25F connector and at the
other end with a modular plug. The DB-25 connector plugs into the computer’s serial port,
the modular plug into an adapter.
3.
The adapter for use with the DTX Plus series of radios. This adapter mates the modular plug
to a DB-15M plug for connection to the radio. The adapter also includes wires for powering
the unit. The red wire is for positive voltage, the black for negative. Insure that the correct
voltage is applied to the unit.
The Programmer Kit requires a PC compatible computer with Windows 95 or later operating
system installed. The computer must have an RS-232 serial port available. A hard disk drive is
also required.
6.2
LOADING THE PROGRAMMER SOFTWARE
Insert disk one of the two disk set in the floppy disk drive. View the contents of the floppy disk
and double click on the install.exe file. Follow the instructions as they appear on the screen
including the prompt to insert the second disk. At the conclusion of the installation procedure, the
programming software will be resident on the user’s host computer.
6.3
COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS
The RITRON, Inc. products described in this manual include copyrighted RITRON, Inc. computer
programs. Laws in the United States and other countries grant to RITRON, Inc. certain exclusive
rights in its copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right to distribute copies of
the programs, make reproductions of the programs, and prepare derivative works based on the
programs. Accordingly, any computer programs contained in RITRON, Inc. products may not be
copied or reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of RITRON, Inc. The
purchase of RITRON, Inc. products does not grant any license or rights under the copyrights or
other intellectual property of RITRON, Inc. except for the non-exclusive, royalty fee license to use
that arises in the sale of a product, or as addressed in a written agreement between RITRON, Inc.
and the purchaser of RITRON, Inc. products.
6.4
USING THE PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
Upon starting the programming software, a screen will appear with three buttons at the top,
Program Radio, Programmer Configuration, and Exit. Program radio moves the user to the
program radio menus which are described below. Programmer configuration is used to select the
appropriate serial port and password (if desired). A few notes about using the programming
software:
6.5
•
Moving from menu item to menu item and from screen to screen may take from 1 to 7 or 8
seconds. Some commands require that the entire contents of the radio’s memory be accessed.
An hourglass symbol may or may not be present for some or all of that time.
•
If the programmer acts as if it is accepting commands, but the radio does not appear to be
responding, exit the programmer and start over. A power glitch on the radio during the
middle of a programming session can cause a serial communications conflict.
•
The adjustments on the alignment menu are somewhat slower than changes in settings on the
settings menu. More computations and radio memory communications are required on the
alignment items.
PROGRAMMER MENUS
The DTX Programmer has four menus or pages, selectable via tabs at the top of each page, which
are always visible. These pages are:
6.5.1
1.
Frequency Selection-Used to program the channel frequencies of the radio.
2.
Settings-Used to set programmable features/functions of the radio.
3.
Alignment-Used to align and set the internal digital potentiometers in the radio. Information
on the use of this page is found in the Maintenance section of the manual.
4.
Restore EEPROM-Used to program the unit with a set of previously saved frequency and
setting values.
5.
Summary-Used to summarize on one page the model, settings, and alignment information.
FREQUENCY SELECTION
The Frequency page has fields for the transmit and receive frequencies for each channel. Channel
information can be entered by clicking on the appropriate box and entering the desired frequency.
The frequency chosen must be within the operating range of the radio and on a frequency for
which the synthesizer is capable of channeling i.e. for VHF, divisible by 2.5 kHz and for UHF,
divisible by 5 or 6.25 kHz. When the RNET compatibility mode is chosen via the settings menu,
only channel one and two are available for programming.
6.5.2
SETTINGS
The Settings page allows for programming various parameters of the radio. These are detailed
below:
Microphone Mute-Allows the signal path from the MIC IN (microphone input) to be muted. If the
microphone input is not to be used, the “mute” function should be selected. Factory default is for
the microphone to be muted.
TX Pre-emphasis-Allows for the signal path from AUX IN to be either pre-emphasized or flat.
Most applications where the AUX IN input is used work best with a flat response. Factory default
is flat response.
RX De-emphasis-Allows for the signal path from the discriminator to the AUX OUT to be either
de-emphasized or flat. Most applications where the AUX OUT output is used work best with a
flat response. Factory default is for flat response.
Busy Channel Lockout-Prevents the transmitter from activating when the carrier detect output is
true. Used to prevent interference on a channel where activity already exists. Not normally
enabled in half duplex operation since the transmit and receive channels are not on the same
frequency. Factory default is for this function to be off.
Squelch Enable-Allows the receive audio paths to be muted when the carrier detect output is false.
Used to prevent the output of noise from the audio outputs when no signal is present. Due to the
finite squelch attack time, some high-speed modems work best with unsquelched audio. The
factory default is for this function to be set for never mute.
DCD Output Logic Level-Allows the setting of the polarity of the DCD (Data Carrier Detect)
output. Active high means that the true state is a logic high while active low means that the true
state is logic low. Normal setting is active high. The factory default is active high.
Carrier Mode-Allows the programmer to set the radio to match the type of carrier detection used
by the RF board. The carrier detect mode may be either RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator),
based upon carrier level or Noise, which is based upon the receive signal to noise level. RSSI
based is significantly faster than noise based systems and is usually preferred for data applications
where fast turn-around times are important. This selection must match that of the radio
hardware. It is preset at the factory to match the RF board and must not be changed unless
the RF board is modified. See the Hardware Options section under Maintenance in this manual
for details. The factory default is RSSI mode.
Audio PA TX Sidetone-When enabled, the Audio PA is turned on during transmit and has at its
output the signal to be transmitted as a sidetone. The factory default is for this function to be off.
RX Discriminator Coupling-Selects whether the coupling from the discriminator output on the RF
board is AC or DC coupled to the control/loader board. Since the audio outputs of the
control/loader board are AC coupled, this function is normally set for AC as well. For response to
DC, a hardware jumper options can be made for DC coupling at the AUX OUT. (See the
Hardware Options section under Maintenance for details on this option.) If this is done, this
function should be set for DC. The factory default is AC.
CSN Input-Selects whether RNET Compatibility mode is to be used. See section 5.5 for an
explanation of this function. Normal operation is to set this for high/low Power. The factory
default is high/low power mode.
PTT/RTS Input Logic Level-Sets the polarity of the PTT/RTS input. Normally set for active low
i.e. transmitter is activated when this input is at the logic low state. Due to the internal pull-up
resistor, setting this to active high will cause activation of the transmitter when the PTT/RTS
input is left unconnected. The factory default is active low.
CTS Output Logic Level-Sets the polarity of the CTS (Clear-To-Send) output. Setting for active
high caused the true logic state to be high. Active high is the normal setting. The factory default
is active high.
TX Timeout Timer-Allows for limits on the maximum time the transmitter may be continuously
keyed. When set, the maximum limit is set in the box. To prevent overheating and possible
damage to the unit, this is normally set on with a time of 60 seconds of less. See section 5.3 for
limits on maximum key-down times. The factory default is 60 seconds.
6.5.3
ALIGNMENT
The alignment page is used for setting the values of the digital potentiometers which are used for
aligning the unit and setting the gains of the audio paths. The unit leaves the factory already
aligned, but the user may wish to change the values of some of the input and output gain settings.
Different systems or modems may require different input and output levels. The factory default
settings for the various menu items are listed below.
Aux In (TX) Gain-Set so that without pre-emphasis (flat), 100 mv rms will produce 60 % rated
deviation. If pre-emphasis has been set, 500 mv rms at 1 kHz will produce 60 % rated deviation.
Aux Out (RX) Gain-Set so that without de-emphasis (flat), a signal with 60 % rated deviation will
product 400 mv rms into an open circuit (half this value into 600 ohms). If de-emphasis has been
set, the output level will be about 100 mv rms at 1 kHz into an open circuit.
Carrier Detect On and Carrier Detect Off-For RSSI based systems, factory set for carrier on at
about –110 dBm and carrier detect off at about –115 dBm.
TX Frequency Trim and RX Frequency Trim-factory set to be on frequency.
Audio PA Gain-Set such that a signal at 60 % rated deviation at 1 kHz will product 400 mV rms
of output level.
Deviation and Balance-Set such that the maximum deviation will fall within the regulatory
requirements and that the transmit audio response has the correct characteristics. Deviation and
Balance do not need to be adjusted after a change in programmed frequency. New values are
calculated and loaded by the programmer when a frequency is entered in the frequency menu.
Instructions for using the alignment page can be found in section 13 of this manual.
6.5.4
RESTORE EEPROM
This selection is used to load a previously saved radio configuration file to the radio connected to
the programmer. This is of benefit when a number of radios are to set to the same frequencies and
with the same switch settings.
6.5.5
SUMMARY
The summary page summarizes the information shown on the other three pages and, in addition,
includes the model and serial number of the unit.
6.5.6
SAVING A CONFIGURATION
Upon exiting the programmer via the exit button, the user will be presented with a box which
allows the saving of the current configuration. This is useful if a number of other radios are to be
programmed with the same frequencies and settings. If one does not wish to save the current
configuration, the cancel icon should be selected.
II
DTX-154/254/454 STAND-ALONE RF BOARD
DTX RF BOARD DIMENSIONS
8
RF BOARD J102 INPUT/OUTPUT
Pin Number
Name
Description
J102-0
PWR_SET
When PC board jumper R185 is installed (R186 omitted), the
voltage on this pin controls the RF output power. When R186
is installed (R185 omitted), the RF output power is controlled
by R187 on the RF board and this pin has no function. When
this pin is used, the voltage should range between about 1 and
4.5 VDC to vary the output power from 1 to 5 watts. The
relationship between output power and voltage is non-linear
and may vary as a function of operating frequency. The input
resistance at this pin is approximately 15 k-ohm.
J101-1
GND
System ground. All voltages are referenced to this point.
J101-2
FB+
Power supply input for the RF PA module. Voltage at this pin
is filtered. Current drain can be as high as 2.5 amperes at full
power.
J102-3
TX_EN
Active high, 5 volt CMOS logic level input used to enable the
transmitter driver stage and PA pin diodes. Timing circuitry
exists on the RF board to ramp the PA power up or down to
control keying spurious outputs.
J102-4
RX_EN
Active high, 5 volt CMOS logic level input used to enable the
receiver stages and to set the VCO to the receive frequency
range.
J102-5
XCVR_EN
Active high, 5 volt logic level input used to enable all stages
of the board except the PA and PA driver stages. This pin can
be used to conserve current consumption in a battery save
configuration.
J102-6
MOD_IN
Modulation input for the transmitter. The modulating signal
must be superimposed upon a very stable and low noise 2.5
VDC level. Modulation sensitivity is approximately 4.5
kHz/V for the VHF versions and approximately 14 kHz/V for
the UHF versions. The input resistance is approximately 17
k-ohm. Note: The DC voltage at this pin directly controls the
frequency of the unit. Therefore, the DC voltage must be well
regulated and controlled over environmental conditions.
J102-7
LOCK_DETECT Lock detect output of the frequency synthesizer. Output is at
5 volt logic level with a low level indicating lock.
J102-8
SYN_EN
Enable line for loading the synthesizer. Signal is at 5 volt
CMOS logic levels.
J102-9
SYN_DATA
Data line for loading the synthesizer. Signal is at 5 volt
CMOS logic levels.
J102-10
SYN_CK
Clock line for loading the synthesizer. Signal is at 5 volt
CMOS logic levels.
J102-11
+7.2V
+7.2 VDC +/- 10 % input for powering all stages of the radio
except the RF PA module. Current drain is approximately 45
mA in receive and 100 mA in transmit.
J102-12
RSSI
Receive signal strength indicator output. This is a high
impedance analog output, which is used to determine the
presence of a carrier. When set for RSSI mode, the output
will vary between approximately 0.5 VDC and 3.0 VDC as the
input signal level varies between –130 dBm and –70 dBm.
When set for SINAD mode, the output will vary between
approximately 2.5 VDC at 0 dB SINAD to 0.5 VDC at 20 dB
SINAD. See the Hardware Options section for details on
changing the mode. The loading on this output must be kept
above 100 k-ohm.
J102-13
DISC_OUT
DC coupled discriminator output. This output is low
impedance with a modulation sensitivity of approximately 0.5
V/kHz for narrow band units and 0.25 V/kHz for wide band
units. The DC level at this pin is typically between 2 and 4
volts. The polarity can be set via hardware jumpers. See the
Hardware Options section for details.
J102-14
VCO_MOD
Depending upon the hardware options, a signal at this pin can
modulate the VCO. Otherwise, the VCO gets its signal from
an on-board potentiometer from the MOD IN input. This pin
is provided to allow the modulation balance to be controlled
through an external board rather than the RF board. If this pin
is to be used, the DC level should be approximately 5 VDC
and from a low noise source. The DC voltage at this pin does
not affect the transmit frequency. The modulation sensitivity
is approximately 20 kHz/V.
Note:
An RF board purchased as a stand-alone board has components installed to support easy
interface to external circuitry. This includes, but is not limited to, potentiometers for
setting deviation and balance, and various zero ohm jumpers. If the zero ohm jumpers
are placed in the correct position, operation with the RITRON control/loader board is
possible. An RF board which is part of a DTX module cannot as easily be integrated in a
system as a stand-alone board since the parts not required when used with the RITRON
control/loader board are not installed.
9
DTX SYNTHESIZER LOADING
The following information describes the DTX-154/254/454 synthesizer programming format.
This information can be used for designing programming software for the DTX-154/254/454 RF
board when the DTX-154/254/454 control/loader board is not used.
Note: The user must obtain FCC and/or Industry Canada Certification when the RITRON RF
board is not used with the RITRON control/loader board in the DTX-154/254/454 enclosure.
The DTX-154/254/454 RF board uses a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) frequency synthesizer which
compares the phase of the outputs of two digital frequency dividers. One divider divides the VCO
(Voltage Controlled Oscillator) frequency and the other divides the reference oscillator frequency.
If the two divided outputs differ in frequency and/or phase, an error signal is generated which,
after filtering, is used to control the frequency of the VCO. The net result is that the VCO
frequency is locked to a multiple of the reference frequency (the divided down reference oscillator
frequency). To set the desired frequency, the divider values must be determined. These values are
converted to binary and become part of four control words, which must be loaded into the
synthesizer IC for proper operation. The steps for determining the frequency control part of the
words is as follows:
1.
The RF R register counter value is first determined. This integer is the reference oscillator
frequency (14.4 MHz in this product) divided by desired reference frequency. The reference
frequency is 16 times the desired synthesizer step size. Typical step sizes are 2.5 kHz for VHF
and either 5 kHz or 6.25 kHz for UHF. For a 6.25 kHz step size and a 14.4 MHz reference
oscillator, the R register counter value would be 144 decimal. When converted to binary, this
value is substituted for the R in the State column in the RF_R_Register table. Note: The values
for the loop filter are based upon a 2.5 kHz step size for VHF and either a 5 kHz or 6.25 kHz step
size for UHF.
2.
The RF N register counter values are then determined. This is accomplished by taking the desired
VCO frequency and dividing it by the desired synthesizer step size value used above. The
resulting integer is converted to binary. The least significant 4 bits become the value for the
FRAC_CNTR. For frequencies below 500 MHz, bit 21 (PRESC_SEL) must be set to 0 with the
next 3 significant bits of the integer used to fill in the 3 least significant bits of RF_NA_CNTR
(bits 6,7,and 8). The two most significant bits of RF_NA_CNTR (bits 9 and 10) are loaded with
0. The remaining bits of the integer are loaded into RF_NB_CNTR (bits 11 through 20). For
frequencies above 500 MHz, bit 21 (PRESC_SEL) must be set to 1 and the 4 bits following the 3
loaded into FRAC_CNTR are used for RF_NA_CNTR with the most significant bit of
RF_NA_CNTR (bit 10) set to 0. The remaining bits of the integer are loaded into RF_NB_CNTR.
3.
In transmit, the VCO frequency is equal to the operating frequency. In receive, the VHF and 220
MHz units have a VCO frequency which is 43.650 MHz above the receive frequency. The VCO
in the UHF units operate 43.650 MHz below the desired receive frequency. When calculating
receive values, ensure that 43.650 MHz is either added or subtracted (depending upon whether the
unit is VHF or UHF) from the desired frequency before beginning the above calculations.
4.
Example:
For a frequency of 461.750 MHz in transmit with a 6.25 kHz step size, the RF_R value is 144
decimal (14.4/0.1) or 0000 0000 1001 0000 binary. The RF_R register would therefore become
1000 0110 0000 0010 0100 0010 (MSB first). The VCO frequency divided by the step size is
73,880 decimal (461.750/0.00625) or 0001 0010 0000 1001 1000 binary. The RF_N register
would therefore become 0001 0010 0000 1000 0110 0011 binary. For 461.750 MHz receive, the
VCO frequency would be 418.100 MHz (461.750 – 43.650), which yields a divider of 66,896
decimal or 0001 0000 0101 0101 0000 binary. The RF_N register would become 0001 0000 0101
0001 0100 0011 binary.
The four registers of the synthesizer, their bit definitions, and required states are shown below:
IF-R Register
Bit
Name
State
Comments
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
OSC
FRAC 16
FoLD
FoLD
FoLD
CP_GAIN_8
IF_PD_POL
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
IF_R_CNTR
External reference oscillator
Fraction = 16
RF digital lock detect
RF digital lock detect
RF digital lock detect
Don’t care (1=IF charge pump current=8X)
Don’t care (1=positive polarity on IF charge pump)
Don’t care (IF reference divider MSB)
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care (IF reference divider LSB)
Identifies register
Identifies register
Notes:
1.
The IF part of the dual synthesizer is not used. Only those bits which affect the RF part
of the synthesizer have importance.
IF_N Register
Bit
Name
State
Comments
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
IF_CNT_RS
PWDN_IF
PWDN_MODE
Fastlock
Test
OUT_1
OUT-0
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
Normal operation
IF powered down
Asynchronous power down
Fastlock enabled
Test bit-should be set to 0
Don’t care in fastlock mode
Don’t care in fastlock mode
Don’t care (IF N register B counter MSB)
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
11
10
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NB_CNTR
IF_NA_CNTR
IF_NA_CNTR
IF_NA_CNTR
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care
Don’t care (IF N register B counter LSB)
Don’t care (IF N register A counter MSB)
Don’t care
Don’t care (IF N register A counter LSB)
Identifies register
Identifies register
Note:
1.
The IF part of the dual synthesizer is not used. Only those bits which affect the RF
portion of the synthesizer and the bits to shut down the IF portion are used.
RF_R Register
Bit
Name
State
Comments
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
DLL_MODE
V2_EN
CP_8X
CP_4X
CP_2X
CP_1X
PF_PD_PO
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
RF_R_CNTR
Delay line loop calibration enabled
Charge pump voltage doubler not enabled
Charge pump current MSB
Charge pump current MSB-1
Charge pump current LSB+1
Charge pump current LSB
Charge pump polarity is positive
RF R register counter MSB
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter
RF R register counter LSB
Identifies register
Identifies register
Notes:
1.
CP_1X through CP_8X bits determine the magnitude of the charge pump current. The
values range from 100 uA for 000b to 1.6 mA for 111b in 100 uA steps. The values
shown are for 200 uA. This is consistent with the values of the loop filter used on the RF
board. For fast loading algorithms, this current may have to be changed dynamically.
2.
The RF_R_CNTR bits are determined by the desired reference frequency which is
determined by the synthesizer step size. For the loop filter values as supplied, the step
size should be 2.5 kHz for VHF units and either 5 kHz or 6.25 kHz for UHF units.
RF_N Register
Bit
Name
State
Comments
23
22
21
RF_CNT_RST
PWDN_RF
PRESC_SEL
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NB_CNTR
RF_NA_CNTR
RF_NA_CNTR
RF_NA_CNTR
RF_NA_CNTR
RF_NA_CNTR
FRAC_CNTR
FRAC_CNTR
FRAC_CNTR
FRAC_CNTR
Normal operation
Powered up
Prescaler modulus set for 8/9 for 250-500 MHz
operation
RF N register B counter MSB
RF N register B counter
RF N register B counter
RF N register B counter
RF N register B counter
RF N register B counter
RF N register B counter
RF N register B counter
RF N register B counter
RF N register B counter LSB
RF N register A counter MSB
RF N register A counter
RF N register A counter
RF N register A counter
RF N register A counter LSB
RF fraction counter MSB
RF fraction counter
RF fraction counter
RF fraction counter LSB
Identifies register
Identifies register
Note:
1.
The bits for the RF_NB_CNTR, RF_NA_CNTR, and FRAC_CNTR are determined by
operating frequency and reference frequency.
2.
To conserve power, the synthesizer can be powered down with the PWDN_RF bit.
The four registers are loaded using pins 8, 9, and 10 of J102. Pin 8, SYN_EN, is the synthesizer
enable line. Pin 9, SYN_DATA, is the data line and pin 10, and SYN_CK, is the clock line. Data
is clocked into the synthesizer most significant bit first and must be valid and stable on the rising
edge of the clock. The clock must be high a minimum of 10 ns and must be low a minimum of 50
ns before the next pulse. During loading, the synthesizer enable line must be held low. At the
conclusion of loading a register, the enable line must be taken high for a minimum of 50 ns. The
user should wait a minimum of 5 ms after board power up before loading the synthesizer. This
gives the power supply regulators time to reach stable voltages. More complete information
regarding the synthesizer IC may be obtained by referring to the National LMX2352 data sheet.
III MAINTENANCE
10
IMPORTANT MAINTENANCE INFORMATION
Surface Mount Repair: RITRON surface mount products require special equipment and
servicing techniques. Improper servicing techniques can cause permanent damage to the printed
circuit board and/or components, which is not covered by RITRON’s warranty. If you are not
completely familiar with surface mount component repair techniques, RITRON recommends that
you defer maintenance to qualified service personnel.
Precautions For Handling CMOS Devices: The DTX transceiver module contains
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices, which require special handling
techniques. CMOS circuits are susceptible to damage by electrostatic or high voltage charges.
Damage can be latent, with no failure appearing until weeks or months later. For this reason, take
special precautions any time you disassemble the module. Follow the precautions below, which
are even more critical in low humidity environments.
1) Storage/transport-CMOS devices that will be stored or transported must be placed in
conductive material so that all exposed leads are shorted together. CMOS devices must not
be inserted into conventional plastic “snow” or plastic trays of the type that are being used for
other semiconductors. Conductive containers are typically gray or pink in color.
2) Grounding-All CMOS devices must be placed on a grounded bench surface. The technician
that will work on the radio/CMOS circuit must be grounded before handling the radio.
Normally, the technician wears a conductive wrist strap in series with a 100 kΩ resistor to
ground.
3) Clothing-Do not wear nylon clothing while handling CMOS circuits.
4) Power Off-Remove power before connecting, removing, or soldering on a PC board that
contains CMOS devices.
5) Power/Voltage Transients-Do not insert or remove CMOS devices with power applied.
Check all power supplies to be used for testing CMOS devices, making sure that no voltage
transients are present.
6) Soldering-Use a soldering iron with a grounded tip for soldering CMOS circuitry.
7) Lead-Straightening Tools-When straightening CMOS leads, provide ground straps for the tool
used.
VCO Shield: The VCO shield is virtually impossible to remove without damaging either the PC
board or nearby components. The parts within the shield are low failure items; repair or
replacement should not be required unless the RF board is mishandled. If failure of a part within
the shield is deemed to have occurred, the RF board should be returned to RITRON for service or
replacement.
Unit Disassembly and Re-assembly:
1) Case Removal
a)
Remove the two nuts at the rear of the unit. These nuts secure the rear bracket to the
case.
b) Remove the three side screws (one on one side, two on the other). These screws secure
the front bracket to the case. Removal of these screws requires a TORX T-9 driver.
c)
Slide the case off the two-board assembly.
2) Board Separation
Remove the two screws that secure the control/loader board to the rear bracket. The rear
bracket stays connected to the RF board. Remove the two screws that secure the RF board to
the front bracket. The front bracket stays connected to the control/loader board. These four
screws are removed with a TORX T-9 driver. The two boards are held together by their
interconnecting header/socket. Gently pry the two boards apart at the header/socket. The RF
board is then rotated and tilted so to allow the right angle BNC connector to pass through the
hole in the front bracket.
3) Re-assembly is the reverse of assembly with the rear nuts installed before the side screws.
DO NOT OVER_TORQUE THE REAR NUTS-DAMAGE TO THE INTENAL PA DEVICE
MAY RESULT.
11
THEORY OF OPERATION
11.1
DTX-154 and DTX-254 RF BOARD
11.1.1
RECEIVER
RF amplifier and Bandpass Filters
The incoming RF signal from the input connector J101 passes backwards through the transmitter
lowpass filter and the electronic T/R switch to a three pole bandpass filter formed around L102,
L103, and L104. This filter is of Cohn type with 1.5 dB insertion loss and a bandwidth of 30
MHz. This filter is followed by a low noise amplifier stage formed around Q101. This amplifier
has a gain of about 17 dB with a noise figure of 2 dB and serves to amplify the incoming RF
signal above the noise of the following stages. Following this stage is a three pole Cohn filter
formed around L107 through L109. The characteristics of this filter are identical to that of the
first. The two filter sections are narrow enough to filter out the spurious responses of the first
mixer while wide enough to support a performance bandwidth of 26 to 28 MHz.
1st Mixer, 1st IF filters, and 1st IF Amplifier
IC101 is an active double balanced mixer which converts the incoming RF signal to the first
intermediate frequency (IF) of 43.65 MHz. This mixer has a gain of 0 dB and a noise figure of 10
dB. Its differential output is matched to the first IF filter, YF101, by L111, L112, C130, and
C140. An IF amplifier based around Q102 is used to provide gain. Its output drives another IF
filter section, YF102, which is identical to YF101. These two filters serve the double function
filtering out the spurious responses of the second mixer and, with the second IF filter, of removing
signals at the adjacent and further removed channels.
2nd IF IC
The output of YF102 drives the mixer internal to IC102. IC102 is an integrated FM IF IC which
contains a mixer, high gain limiting IF amplifier, FM discriminator (detector), and other support
circuitry. The mixer in IC102 converts the RF signal at the first IF to the second IF of 450 kHz.
The output of the mixer exits the IC and is filtered by the second IF filter, YF103. The output of
the filter re-enters the IC and drives the high gain limiting amplifier. Because the discriminator
inside IC102 is sensitive to both amplitude and frequency modulation components, a limiter must
precede it to remove any amplitude modulation. In addition, the noise based carrier detection
system available with this product requires that the RF signal at the discriminator stay constant in
amplitude as the RF input signal level varies. The output of the limiter amplifier drives the
discriminator. The resonator for the discriminator is YF104.
Receiver Audio and Carrier Detection
The recovered audio from pin 9 of IC102 is filtered and DC shifted by IC103A and associated
components. IC103B is a simple inverter and is used to provide inverted audio for those
applications which may require it.
Two methods of carrier detection are available on this radio. One is based upon the absolute RF
signal level at IC102’s input and the other is based upon the magnitude of the ultrasonic noise on
the recovered audio. IC102 has circuitry which develops a DC current which is proportional to the
input RF signal level. Passing this current through a resistor (R123) creates a voltage which varies
from about 0.5 volts at no signal input to about 3 volts with –70 dBm at the antenna connector. In
addition, a voltage can be developed which is proportional to the amount of noise present on the
recovered audio signal. This is effected by filtering the recovered audio such that only frequencies
above the normal modulation range remain. This prevents modulation components from being
detected as noise. The filter is formed around an op-amp internal to IC102 between pins 10 and
11 and the components connected to these two pins. The filtered output at pin 11 is rectified by
Q103B and then filtered. The output varies from about 3 volts for a 0 dB SINAD signal to about
0.5 volts for a 20 dB SINAD signal.
2nd Local Oscillator
The two mixers in this radio act to produce an output signal whose frequency is equal to the
difference between the frequency present at the RF input port and the frequency at the local
oscillator port. To convert signals at the first IF frequency of 43.65 MHz to that of the second IF
at a frequency of 450 kHz, a local oscillator signal at a frequency of 43.2 MHz (43.65 – 0.45) is
used. This signal is created by tripling the output of the radio’s 14.4 MHz master reference
oscillator, Y101. Transistor Q111 acts as a frequency tripler. Its associated components are used
to bias the transistor at an harmonic rich bias point and to filter the output such that only the third
harmonic remains for use as the 2nd local oscillator.
11.1.2
VCO AND SYNTHESIZER
The synthesizer is responsible for generating the carrier in transmit and the first local oscillator in
receive. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is an oscillator whose frequency can be controlled
by an external signal. The synthesizer, almost wholly contained within IC109, divides the VCO
frequency by digital dividers and compares the result with an accurate reference. An error signal,
proportional to the frequency error is created which is routed to the frequency control input of the
VCO. This action locks the VCO to a frequency which is equal to the reference frequency
multiplied by the divider number. To set the VCO frequency, different divider numbers can be
programmed into the synthesizer. In most synthesizer designs, the divider must be an integer,
which forces the reference frequency to be equal to the synthesizer step size. The synthesizer IC
used in this radio, however, allows the use of non-integer values for the divider which in turn
allows the reference frequency to be much higher than normal. This creates a synthesizer whose
output has lower noise, lower spurious levels, and higher switching speeds. The reference
frequency is derived by digitally dividing the frequency of the 14.4 MHz master oscillator. When
locked, the VCO attains the same relative frequency stability as that of the master oscillator.
The VCO itself is a voltage follower Hartley oscillator formed around Q107. One of the elements
in the resonant circuit is a varactor diode, CR105, whose capacitance, when reverse biased, varies
as a function of the applied voltage. Since the oscillator frequency is controlled by the resonant
circuit, varying the voltage on the varactor diode effects a change in frequency. To serve as a
local oscillator for the first mixer, the VCO operates at a frequency 43.65 MHz above that of the
desired receive frequency. In receive, the VCO’s oscillating frequency range is shifted upward by
about 44 MHz by switching C191, C192, and L122 into the resonant circuit. The VCO has a
tuning range of about 40 MHz when its tuning voltage is varied between 1 and 5 volts. To
frequency modulate the VCO for transmit, another varactor diode, CR106, is lightly coupled into
the resonant circuit.
The output of the VCO is amplified to a level of about 0 dBm by Q106. Q110 with R171 and
C196 act as a very low noise power supply filter for the VCO.
11.1.3
TRANSMITTER
PA Driver Stages
The output of the VCO buffer drives Q105 through R152. The signal level at this point is about
–10 dBm. Q105 amplifies this signal to about +5 dBm. Q104 further amplifies the signal to +13
dBm, the level required by the PA module. The supply voltage to these two stages is switched on
in transmit by Q113.
PA Module, Lowpass Filter, and T/R Switch
When driven by +13 dBm, the PA module is capable of producing 6 watts or more of power at the
antenna connector. Pin 2 of the module is used for power control. The output power level can be
varied from less than 0.5 watts to full power by changing the voltage at this pin.
To reduce carrier frequency harmonics of the PA module output to acceptable levels, a lowpass
filter is inserted between the module and the antenna connector. This filter is of elliptic design and
formed around L115 and L116 and C169 through C173.
To isolate the PA module from the receiver, an electronic T/R switch is used. The switch is
formed around PIN diodes CR103 and CR104 which are turned on in transmit and are off in
receive. CR104 switches the PA module into and out of the circuit while CR103 protects and
isolates the receiver input when the radio is in transmit.
11.1.4
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
Two on-board regulators are used to provide the 5 volts DC used by most of the circuitry in the
radio. IC107 is a low noise, low dropout regulator which provides 5 volts to all the portions of the
radio which do not get switched on or off as the radio changes from transmit to receive. This
regulator is enabled by the XCVR-EN (J102, pin 5) input. When this regulator is not enabled, the
radio is essentially powered down. IC108 is an identical regulator which supplies power to those
circuits which are to be powered-up only in receive. The regulator is enabled through IC106E and
IC106F by the RX-EN (J102, pin 4) input.
The transmitter PA module driver stages and the T/R switch are powered by +7.2 volts through
Q113. Q113 is enabled by the TX-EN (J102, pin3) input through delay and sequencing circuitry
formed around IC106 and Q112 and Q114. The sequencing circuitry delays PA turn-on until the
driver stages and T/R switches are on and delays driver stage and T/R switch shutdown until the
PA module has ramped down in power. This prevents “keyclicks” from abrupt transmitter turn-on
and turn-off.
11.2
DTX-454 RF BOARD
11.2.1
RECEIVER
RF Amplifier and Bandpass Filters
The incoming RF signal from the input connector J101 passes backwards through the transmitter
lowpass filter and the electronic T/R switch to a two pole bandpass filter formed around L101 and
L102. This filter is of Cohn type with 1.5 dB insertion loss and a bandwidth of 25 MHz. This
filter is followed by a low noise amplifier stage formed around Q101. This amplifier has a gain of
about 17 dB with a noise figure of 2 dB and serves to amplify the incoming RF signal above the
noise of the following stages. Following this stage is a four pole Cohn filter formed around L103
through L106. This filter has an insertion loss of 4 dB and a bandwidth of 25 MHz. The two filter
sections are narrow enough to filter out the spurious responses of the first mixer while wide
enough to support a performance bandwidth of 20 MHz.
1st mixer, 1st IF Filters, and 1st IF Amplifier
IC101 is an active double balanced mixer which converts the incoming RF signal to the first
intermediate frequency (IF) of 43.65 MHz. This mixer has a gain of 0 dB and a noise figure of 10
dB. Its differential output is matched to the first IF filter, YF101, by L107, L108, C128, and
C137. An IF amplifier based around Q102 is used to provide gain. Its output drives another IF
filter section, YF102, which is identical to YF101. These two filters serve the double function
filtering out the spurious responses of the second mixer and, with the second IF filter, of removing
signals at the adjacent and further removed channels.
2nd IF IC
The output of YF102 drives the mixer internal to IC102. IC102 is an integrated FM IF IC which
contains a mixer, high gain limiting IF amplifier, FM discriminator (detector), and other support
circuitry. The mixer in IC102 converts the RF signal at the first IF to the second IF of 450 kHz.
The output of the mixer exits the IC and is filtered by the second IF filter, YF103. The output of
the filter re-enters the IC and drives the high gain limiting amplifier. Because the discriminator
inside IC102 is sensitive to both amplitude and frequency modulation components, a limiter must
precede it to remove any amplitude modulation. In addition, the noise based carrier detection
system available with this product requires that the RF signal at the discriminator stay constant in
amplitude as the RF input signal level varies. The output of the limiter amplifier drives the
discriminator. The resonator for the discriminator is YF104.
Receiver Audio and Carrier Detection
The recovered audio from pin 9 of IC102 is filtered and DC shifted by IC103A and associated
components. IC103B is a simple inverter and is used to provide inverted audio for those
applications which may require it.
Two methods of carrier detection are available on this radio. One is based upon the absolute RF
signal level at IC102’s input and the other is based upon the magnitude of the ultrasonic noise on
the recovered audio. IC102 has circuitry which develops a DC current which is proportional to the
input RF signal level. Passing this current through a resistor (R115) creates a voltage which varies
from about 0.5 volts at no signal input to about 3 volts with –70 dBm at the antenna connector. In
addition, a voltage can be developed which is proportional to the amount of noise present on the
recovered audio signal. This is effected by filtering the recovered audio such that only frequencies
above the normal modulation range remain. This prevents modulation components from being
detected as noise. The filter is formed around an op-amp internal to IC102 between pins 10 and
11 and the components connected to these two pins. The filtered output at pin 11 is rectified by
Q103B and then filtered. The output varies from about 3 volts for a 0 dB SINAD signal to about
0.5 volts for a 20 dB SINAD signal.
2nd Local Oscillator
The two mixers in this radio act to produce an output signal whose frequency is equal to the
difference between the frequency present at the RF input port and the frequency at the local
oscillator port. To convert signals at the first IF frequency of 43.65 MHz to that of the second IF
at a frequency of 450 kHz, a local oscillator signal at a frequency of 43.2 MHz (43.65 – 0.45) is
used. This signal is created by tripling the output of the radio’s 14.4 MHz master reference
oscillator, Y101. Transistor Q112 acts as a frequency tripler. Its associated components are used
to bias the transistor at an harmonic rich bias point and to filter the output such that only the third
harmonic remains for use as the 2nd local oscillator.
11.2.2
VCO AND SYNTHESIZER
The synthesizer is responsible for generating the carrier in transmit and the first local oscillator in
receive. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is an oscillator whose frequency can be controlled
by an external signal. The synthesizer, almost wholly contained within IC108, divides the VCO
frequency by digital dividers and compares the result with an accurate reference. An error signal,
proportional to the frequency error is created which is routed to the frequency control input of the
VCO. This action locks the VCO to a frequency which is equal to the reference frequency
multiplied by the divider number. To set the VCO frequency, different divider numbers can be
programmed into the synthesizer. In most synthesizer designs, the divider must be an integer,
which forces the reference frequency to be equal to the synthesizer step size. The synthesizer IC
used in this radio, however, allows the use of non-integer values for the divider which in turn
allows the reference frequency to be much higher than normal. This creates a synthesizer whose
output has lower noise, lower spurious levels, and higher switching speeds. The reference
frequency is derived by digitally dividing the frequency of the 14.4 MHz master oscillator. When
locked, the VCO attains the same relative frequency stability as that of the master oscillator.
The VCO itself is a voltage follower Colpitts oscillator formed around Q108. One of the elements
in the resonant circuit is a varactor diode, CR106, whose capacitance, when reverse biased, varies
as a function of the applied voltage. Since the oscillator frequency is controlled by the resonant
circuit, varying the voltage on the varactor diode effects a change in frequency. To serve as a
local oscillator for the first mixer, the VCO operates at a frequency 43.65 MHz below that of the
desired receive frequency. In transmit, the VCO’s oscillating frequency range is shifted upward
by about 44 MHz by switching C190 and L115 into the resonant circuit. The VCO has a tuning
range of about 30 MHz when its tuning voltage is varied between 1 and 5 volts. To frequency
modulate the VCO for transmit, another varactor diode, CR105, is lightly coupled into the
resonant circuit.
The output of the VCO is amplified to a level of about 0 dBm by Q107 and Q106. Q111 with
R172 and C196 act as a very low noise power supply filter for the VCO.
11.2.3
TRANSMITTER
PA Driver Stages
The output of the last VCO buffer drives Q105 through R151. The signal level at this point is
about –10 dBm. Q105 amplifies this signal to about +5 dBm. Q104 further amplifies the signal to
+17 dBm, the level required by the PA module. The supply voltage to these two stages is
switched on in transmit by Q113.
PA Module, Lowpass Filter, and T/R Switch
When driven by +17 dBm, the PA module is capable of producing 6 watts (10 watts in the 10 watt
version) or more of power at the antenna connector. Pin 2 of the module is used for power
control. The output power level can be varied from less than 0.5 watts to full power by changing
the voltage at this pin.
To reduce carrier frequency harmonics of the PA module output to acceptable levels, a lowpass
filter is inserted between the module and the antenna connector. This filter is of elliptic design and
formed around a buried stripline transmission line and C164, C165, and C166.
To isolate the PA module from the receiver, an electronic T/R switch is used. The switch is
formed around PIN diodes CR101 and CR104 which are turned on in transmit and are off in
receive. CR104 switches the PA module into and out of the circuit while CR101 protects and
isolates the receiver input when the radio is in transmit.
11.2.4
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
Two on-board regulators are used to provide the 5 volts DC used by most of the circuitry in the
radio. IC106 is a low noise, low dropout regulator which provides 5 volts to all the portions of the
radio which do not get switched on or off as the radio changes from transmit to receive. This
regulator is enabled by the XCVR-EN (J102, pin 5) input. When this regulator is not enabled, the
radio is essentially powered down. IC107 is an identical regulator which supplies power to those
circuits which are to be powered-up only in receive. The regulator is enabled through IC105E and
IC105F by the RX-EN (J102, pin 4) input.
The transmitter PA module driver stages and the T/R switch are powered by +7.2 volts through
Q113. Q113 is enabled by the TX-EN (J102, pin3) input through delay and sequencing circuitry
formed around IC105 and Q115 and Q114. The sequencing circuitry delays PA turn-on until the
driver stages and T/R switches are on and delays driver stage and T/R switch shutdown until the
PA module has ramped down in power. This prevents “keyclicks” from abrupt transmitter turn-on
and turn-off.
11.3
CONTROL/LOADER BOARD
The control/loader board is responsible for controlling the operation of the RF board and for
processing the audio input and output signals to and from the RF board.
11.3.1
TRANSMIT AUDIO CHAIN
Two audio inputs are available to the user. One, MIC IN is, as its name implies, is designed to
accept a microphone-like input for modulation of the transmitter. The other, AUX IN, is designed
to be more flexible in terms of gain and pre-emphasis.
The signal at the MIC IN input is applied to pin 3 of IC308A after passing through a blocking
capacitor, C342. R378 is used as a bias source for those microphones which may require it e.g.
electret, carbon, etc. IC308A is configured as a unity gain buffer amplifier. Its output is fed
through the pre-emphasis network formed by C344 and R337 to IC308B. IC308B is an amplifier
used to boost the level of the input signal. The output at pin 7 is fed to an analog switch, IC309C.
This switch is used to mute the signal in those cases when the MIC IN input is not used. The
output of the switch is routed to the input of the clipper IC310A.
Signals at the AUX IN input are routed to IC308D. Provisions exist to either allow this input to be
DC coupled or AC coupled by installing R354 or R355. IC308D is a unity gain buffer amplifier.
Its output is fed to analog switch IC309B. This switch allows C361 to be inserted into the path
from IC308D to IC308C to work with R358 as a pre-emphasis network. IC308C is a unity gain
inverting amplifier. Its purpose is to insure that there is an even number of inversions between the
AUX IN input and the modulation input on the RF board. The output at pin 8 drives the AUX TX
GAIN section of digital potentiometer IC307A. The signal at the wiper of the digital
potentiometer is routed to the input of the clipper, IC310A.
The clipper limits the amplitude of all signals at its input by virtue of the fact that the signal at its
output can not swing above the positive supply voltage or below ground. To prevent clipping in
the following stages, the signal level at the clipper output is reduced by R344 and R345.
Following the clipper is an analog switch, IC303 which is used as a mute gate. The output of the
mute gate drives a fifth order pseudo-raised cosine lowpass filter formed around IC310B and
IC310C which removes harmonics created in the clipping process. For those systems where the
AUX IN signal is already limited in amplitude and frequency, the clipper filter can be bypassed by
enabling IC303C. The clipped and filtered signal at pin 8 of IC310C is fed through the
DEVIATION section of the digital potentiometer, IC307B. The signal is then routed to IC310D
where it is summed with a DC voltage from the TX FREQ section of the digital potentiometer and
also inverted. The output at pin 14 is fed to the modulation input of the RF board.
To produce the signal for the VCO modulation input on the RF board, the output at pin 14 of
IC310D is also fed through the BALANCE section of the digital potentiometer, through a
blocking capacitor and to the VCO modulation input of the RF board. This allows the reference
oscillator and the VCO on the RF board to be fed with modulation signals whose amplitude can be
independently controlled. This is necessary to achieve a flat transmit audio frequency response on
the RF board.
11.3.2
RECEIVE AUDIO CHAIN
Two receive audio paths are available to the user. One is similar to that found on voice two-way
radios in that it can drive a low impedance speaker. The other has an output which is designed for
line level at 600 ohms.
Discriminator audio from the RF board is passed to analog switch IC305C which determines
whether the signal is to be AC or DC coupled to the buffer amplifier IC306A. The output at pin 1
drives the two receive audio paths. For the path which can drive a speaker, the output of IC306A
is passed through a de-emphasis network R330/C340 and then to a buffer amplifier IC306B. The
output of IC306B is routed through R332 and C341 to the RX AUDIO GAIN section of the digital
potentiometer. The output of the digital potentiometer feeds the input to the audio power
amplifier, IC301. The output of the audio power amplifier at pin 5 passes through blocking
capacitor C318 and on to pin 12 of J301. The audio power amplifier is enabled and disabled by
controlling its power supply voltage through Q301 and Q302. Transmit audio sidetone is provided
by passing the transmit audio signal through R309 to the audio power amplifier.
The other receive audio path passes from pin 1 of IC306A through two analog switch sections in
tandem. The first, IC305A switches in or out a de-emphasis network formed with R330 and C340.
The second section, IC305B is used as a mute gate. The output of the mute gate passes through a
unity gain buffer, IC306C and to the AUX RX GAIN section of the digital potentiometer. From
the digital potentiometer, the signal passes through a gain of 4.3 amplifier, IC306D and on to pin 8
of J301.
11.3.3
MICELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
The microcontroller, IC302, controls the operation of the control/loader board as well as
communicating with the user interface software and the RF board. Because the processor IC itself
doesn’t have enough I/O to support all of the functions required, two shift registers, IC312 and
IC313, are used as output port expanders. IC311 is used to store frequencies and operating
parameters such as the settings of the digital potentiometer. This memory device is non-volatile,
meaning that the memory contents are not lost when power is removed.
The RSSI signal from the RF board used for carrier detection is amplified by IC304C and then
applied to one of the analog to digital converter inputs of the microcontroller. The PWR SET
voltage for setting the RF power output level on the RF board is developed by digital to analog
converter using four output pins of the microcontroller and a weighted resistor network, R316
through R321 and IC304D. Because one of the pins is shared with the carrier detect function,
analog switch IC303B is used to switch the pin to the appropriate circuitry.
Except for the audio PA IC, IC301, all of the active devices are powered from 5 volts. Two
regulators are used to provide this voltage. One, IC314, is a low noise, high stability device which
is used to power the audio stages of the board. Its high stability is required because the
control/loader board develops the DC bias for the reference oscillator on the RF board. Any drift
in DC voltage causes a corresponding drift in operating frequency. The other regulator, IC317, is
used to power the digital devices. Low noise, stable bias for the operational amplifiers is
generated by R361, R362, IC304A, and IC304B.
12
HARDWARE OPTIONS
The DTX is setup at the factory in a configuration that should be acceptable for most users. The
most common changes required are effected through the programmer without removing the cover
from the unit. There are, however, a number of component jumper changes which can be made
which may result in more satisfactory integration in a data system. These changes require the
soldering and unsoldering of SMD components and should be undertaken only by qualified
service personnel. Refer to the PCB component locator and schematic diagrams as needed.
12.1
CONTROL/LOADER BOARD OPTIONS
12.1.1
AUX OUT COUPLING
The AUX OUT output is normally AC coupled through C380. If DC coupling is desired, an 0805
size SMD zero ohm jumper resistor (RITRON P/N 47100000) must be soldered in the location of
R383. (In lieu of a zero ohm jumper, a small piece of wire may be carefully soldered between the
pads.) The R383 pad pair would normally be open. The AUX OUT DC level then becomes
nominally 2.5 volts.
12.1.2
AUX IN COUPLING
The AUX IN input is normally AC coupled through C359. DC coupling is possible, however, the
carrier frequency of the unit would then become directly affected by the DC voltage present. If
DC coupling is desired, R355 must be removed and installed in the open location of R354. The
DC voltage should be 2.5 volts nominal and very well regulated. Note: The FCC Type
Acceptance obtained by RITRON is invalid once this modification is made. The user is
responsible for obtaining type acceptance in a configuration which includes the device which
is connected to the AUX IN input.
12.2
RF BOARD OPTIONS-STAND-ALONE OR PART OF DTX MODULE
12.2.1
DISCRIMINATOR POLARITY
The polarity of the discriminator output at pin 13 of J102 is configured at the factory such that an
increase in RF frequency causes an increase in DC voltage. This is considered “normal” mode.
An inverted mode is available where an increase in frequency causes a decrease in voltage. On
VHF and 220 MHz models, this is effected by removing R134 and placing it in the open pad pair
denoted as R135. On UHF models, this is effected by removing R131 and placing it in the open
pad pair denoted as R132.
12.2.2
CARRIER DETECT METHOD
Two methods of carrier detection are available on the DTX, carrier level based referred to as RSSI
(Receive Signal Strength Indicator) and signal to noise ratio based, referred to as Noise. The
factory configuration is for RSSI based carrier detection. If Noise based carrier detection is
desired, On VHF models, R127 should be removed and placed in the open pad pair denoted as
R128. On UHF models, R124 should be removed and placed in the open pad pair denoted as
R125. Note that the software programmed selection for carrier detect type on the selection
page must match the hardware.
12.3
RF BOARD OPTIONS-STAND-ALONE ONLY
Some of the functions provided by the control/loader board may not be available in all of the
applications which use the RF board in its stand-alone form. To provide maximum flexibility,
additional options exist on a stand-alone RF board verses one which is part of a DTX module.
These additional options are as follows:
12.3.1
VCO MODULATION SOURCE
When used with the RITRON control/loader board, the VCO receives its modulation signal from
pin 14 of J102. The stand-alone version of the RF board is configured such that the VCO
modulation is derived from the signal at pin 6 of J102, MOD_IN and the balance adjustment is
done through R180. If the user wishes to provide a separate VCO modulation signal, on VHF
models, R177 should be removed and placed in the open pad pair denoted as R178. On UHF
models, R178 should be removed and placed in the open pad pair denoted as R179.
12.3.2
TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER ADJUSTMENT
When used with the RITRON control/loader board, the RF output power is controlled through pin
0 of J102. The stand-alone version of the RF board is configured such that the output power is
controlled by R186 on VHF models and R187 on UHF models; pin 0 is not connected. If the user
wishes to supply the voltage to set output power, on VHF models, R185 should be removed and
placed in the open pad pair denoted as R184. On UHF models, R186 should be removed and
placed in the open pad pair denoted as R185.
13
ALIGNMENT
Warning: Alignment must only be performed by qualified and trained service personnel.
The DTX module is aligned at the factory before shipment and should need no further adjustment.
It is possible that the gain settings for the audio input and output signal paths may need optimized.
The frequency trim, deviation, and balance should not need adjustment. The procedure for
performing all of the alignment steps is detailed below. The unit should not be opened for
alignment; all adjustments are electronic and effected through the programmer software.
13.1
REQUIRED TEST EQUIPMENT
Depending upon which alignment steps are to be performed, some or all of the following pieces of
test equipment may be required:
DC Power Supply -capable of operating at the correct voltage for the module and capable of 2.5
Ampere minimum current.
RF Signal Generator-capable of operating at the carrier frequency of the module with an output
level adjustment and able to be frequency modulated.
FM Demodulator/Deviation Meter-capable of operating at the carrier frequency of the module.
RF Frequency Counter-must operate at the RF frequency of the unit with a resolution of 10 Hz or
better and an accuracy of +/-1 ppm (+/-150 Hz at VHF, +/-450 Hz at UHF) or better.
Audio Oscillator-must have sinewave output allow for output frequency and amplitude
adjustment.
Oscilloscope
RF Power Attenuator or Dummy Load with coupled output-must be 50 ohms impedance at the
operating frequency and rated for the output power of the module and have an output which can
drive the FM demodulator at the correct level and the frequency counter.
RF Power Meter-capable of accurately indicating the RF output power of the module.
Note: Except for the power supply, a two-way radio test set may include most, if not all, of the
required equipment.
13.2
ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE
It is not absolutely necessary to perform all of the alignment steps detailed below. However, some
adjustments interact somewhat with others e.g. balance affects deviation, deviation affects AUX
IN gain, and the output power AUX IN gain have a slight affect on TX frequency trim. It may be
prudent to spot check all of the adjustments which interact. These will be indicated in the
particular alignment step.
The programmer must be connected to the unit via the programming interface cable and the
alignment screen selected. During alignment, the channel may be selected via the channeling
control lines on the module or through the programmer. A channel pull-down menu allows for the
selection. Also, the unit can be keyed through the programmer, if desired. Note: Interrupting the
power supply to the unit while the programmer software is open will require exiting the software
and re-opening it.
13.2.1
RX FREQUENCY TRIM
The RX Frequency Trim trims the unit on frequency during receive. This setting, if incorrect, may
degrade receive sensitivity, distortion, and possible recovered audio level, which in turn affects
AUX OUT (RX) Gain and Audio PA Gain. The receive frequency trim is not affected by any
other alignment step.
To determine if the receiver is correctly trimmed to frequency, the 1st local oscillator frequency
must be measured. When the RX frequency trim box on the alignment screen is highlighted,
certain stages in the transmit chain are enabled which cause the local oscillator leakage at the
antenna connector to stronger than normal. Even so, the level may be less than 0 dBm. The
frequency counter must be connected directly to the antenna connector and be able to operate at
this level. DO NOT KEY THE UNIT DURING THIS PROCEDURE AS SERIOUS
DAMAGE TO THE COUNTER MAY RESULT!
A channel with a receive frequency programmed into it should be selected. The correct local
oscillator will be displayed on the programmer channel box. The frequency on the counter should
be observed and the RX Frequency Trim value adjusted for least error.
13.2.2
AUX OUT GAIN
To set the AUX OUT gain, an RF signal generator must be connected to the DTX module. Its
frequency should be set to that of a programmed channel. The generator should be modulated at
the desired deviation, typically 60 % of maximum, with a 1 kHz tone. The RF output level is not
critical, but should be above any squelch threshold which may have been set. –70 dBm should be
sufficient. If not, squelch can be disabled via the settings menu of the programmer for this
procedure.
With an oscilloscope connected to the AUX OUT output, the AUX OUT Gain setting should be
set to value which produces the desired output level. Note that the output impedance of the AUX
OUT is about 600 ohms. If the load impedance of the load that will be connected to this output is
less than 10 kΩ or so, a resistor of a value equal to the load impedance should be connected to the
AUX OUT output when making the adjustment.
13.2.3
AUDIO PA GAIN
To set the Audio PA gain, an RF signal generator must be connected to the DTX module. Its
frequency should be set to that of a programmed channel. The generator should be modulated at
the desired deviation, typically 60 % of maximum, with a 1 kHz tone. The RF output level is not
critical, but should be above any squelch threshold which may have been set. A –70 dBm level
should be sufficient. If not, squelch operation can be disabled via the settings menu of the
programmer.
With an oscilloscope connected to the AUDIO OUT output, the AUDIO OUT Gain setting should
be set to value which produces the desired output level.
13.2.4
CARRIER DETECT ON AND CARRIER DETECT OFF
The Carrier Detect On and Carrier Detect Off settings control the RF level (or Signal-to-noise
ratio) at which the DCD output goes true and what level at which it goes false. To prevent
chattering on noise, these two settings are not normally the same. 3 to 5 dB of hysteresis is
usually provided i.e. if the RF signal level is increased from zero, at some point, the DCD output
will go from false to true. The RF level may then have to be decreased by several dB before the
DCD output goes false again. This prevents chattering with signal levels near the carrier detect
level. If squelch is enabled, the receive audio muting will follow the DCD output.
To determine the state of the DCD output, connect a DC coupled oscilloscope or DVM to the
DCD output. It may help to disable the squelch via the Monitor input or Monitor button on the
programmer so that the receive audio signal can be continuously observed i.e. not squelched when
DCD is false.
Set the RF signal generator output to the level at which the Carrier Detect On should go true. Set
the Carrier Detect On value to maximum. If the DCD output is true, increase the Carrier Detect
Off value until the DCD output goes false.
Set the Carrier Detect Off value to minimum. Slowly adjust the Carrier Detect On value
downward until the DCD output just goes true. Re-adjust the signal generator level to the desired
level for the DCD output to go false. Normally, this would be about 3 dB or so lower than the
level for DCD to go true. Slowly increase the Carrier Detect Off value until the DCD output goes
false.
Confirm the operation of the DCD output by decreasing the signal generator level to that
substantially below the Carrier Detect Off point and increasing it beyond the Carrier Detect On
point and back while observing the DCD output. If the settings are not satisfactory, they can be
modified or the procedure can be repeated.
The numbers entered in the Carrier Detect On and Carrier Detect Off fields of the alignment menu
are RSSI values for RSSI based systems (most common for data applications) and signal to noise
ratio values for noise based systems. RSSI based is the normal factory shipped configuration. It
provides a very fast carrier detect operation. As a guide for radios using RSSI based carrier detect,
the chart below gives typical RSSI values vs RF input signal levels:
13.2.5
RF Level (dBm)
RSSI Reading
-120
-115
-110
-105
-100
-95
-90
-85
-80
-75
55
75
100
120
145
170
185
205
225
235
TX LOW POWER AND HIGH POWER
The transmitter output power level can be programmed on a per channel basis via the alignment
page of the programmer. If RNet Compatibility has not been programmed on the settings page,
both the low and high power levels can be set. If RNet Compatibility has been programmed, only
high power can be set. The TX High Power and TX Low Power settings in the TX Power box act
to select a common value for all channels. Individual values for each channel can be entered in
the per channel boxes at the bottom of the screen. Note that the transmitter does not recognize a
change in power setting while transmitting, only while receiving. If the PTT is activated and a
change in setting is made, the PTT would have to be released and then re-activated to see the new
power setting. The relationship between power and setting is not linear and may vary as a
function of channel frequency.
13.2.6
AUX IN GAIN
To set the Aux In gain, an audio oscillator or appropriate signal source (e.g. modem) should be
connected to the Aux In input at the desired input level. An FM deviation meter should be
connected to the antenna connector through a suitable attenuator or coupler. The unit should be
keyed for transmit and the Aux In gain should be adjusted for the desired deviation, typically 60
% of rated deviation. In cases where pre-emphasis is not used, large changes in Aux In gain can
cause a slight shift in transmit frequency. If the gain is changed significantly (10 to 15 units or
more), the TX Frequency Trim step below is recommended.
13.2.7
TX FREQUENCY TRIM
This setting is used to trim the transmitter to frequency. This value should not normally need
adjustment. However, as the unit ages and/or if the transmitter power or the Aux In gain is
changed significantly, slight corrections may be prudent. Note: Any adjustments must be made at
a unit temperature of 25 +/- 2 °C (77 +/- 1.8 °F). Due to internal heating, this adjustment must
not be made after the unit has been transmitting unless it has been allowed to cool to the correct
temperature. Likewise, the adjustment itself should be made as quickly as possible.
The unit should be set to a channel which is at an output power which is close to what will be used
the majority of the time. The frequency of the unit may be slightly affected by the output power
level. The RF output of the unit should be coupled to a frequency counter through a suitable
attenuator or coupler. Insure that no modulation source is connected to the MIC IN or AUX IN.
The PTT should be activated and the TX Frequency Trim value adjusted for the correct frequency.
The value can be changed while the unit is transmitting.
13.2.8
DEVIATION AND BALANCE
The deviation adjustments are used to set the maximum limiting deviation of the transmitter. This
must be set properly to ensure that the unit will meet the regulatory spurious emissions
requirements, in particular, occupied bandwidth. The balance adjustment is used to ensure a
proper relationship between the modulating signal to the reference and to the VCO. If the ratio i.e.
balance is not correct, the transmit audio frequency response will not be correct which could result
in a distorted data waveform.
The optimum values for deviation and balance vary in a predictable manner as a function of carrier
frequency. In order to relieve the user of having to adjust deviation and balance each time a
transmit frequency is entered or changed, the programmer calculates the required values based
upon the correct values for two special alignment frequencies. These required values have already
been determined at the factory and are stored in the unit. As transmit frequencies are entered or
changed, new calculated values will appear in the per channel boxes at the bottom of the screen.
These values can be changed on a channel by channel basis, if desired.
The procedure detailed here is for setting the deviation and balance at the special alignment
frequencies so that the deviation and balance will be correct at any programmed frequency. This
same procedure can be used to set any given channel values in the per channel boxes.
An FM demodulator should be connected to the RF output of the module through a suitable power
attenuator or coupler. The demodulator filters should be set for no de-emphasis, as low a highpass
cutoff as possible (<50 Hz, preferably down to DC), and a lowpass cutoff of approximately 15
kHz. The demodulator output should be connected to an oscilloscope so that it can be observed.
An audio oscillator should be connected to the AUX IN input. The output waveform should be
sine, the level at zero, and at a frequency of 500 Hz. Confirm that the Aux In Gain value is at least
10.
On the channel drop-down menu, select lower band edge. Activate the PTT, and while observing
the demodulated waveform on the oscilloscope, begin increasing the audio oscillator’s output level
or the Aux In setting. The waveform should begin as a sinewave and at some point show clipping.
The clipped portion may not necessarily be flat. The audio oscillator level should be set so that a
substantial portion of the waveform is clipped, at least 50 %. Adjust the balance value so that the
clipped portion is flat i.e. horizontal rather than tilted. Although the programmer can change
values while transmitting, it is better to unkey between value entries. The process of loading
values causes some disturbance of the waveform. After the balance is set, the deviation should be
set to a value of 2.3 kHz for a 12.5 kHz channel or 4.6 kHz for a 25/30 kHz channel. Select the
upper band edge on the channel menu and repeat. As a result of this procedure, the per channel
balance and deviation values may have changed.
13.3
RF BOARD INTERNAL ADJUSTMENTS
Note: All internal adjustments have been performed at the factory for optimum performance.
These should not be changed unless one is fairly certain that alignment is necessary or if repairs
have been made to the appropriate sections of the RF board.
13.3.1
FRONT-END INDUCTORS
The front-end inductors on the DTX-454, L101 through L106 (L102 through L104 and L107
through L109 on the DTX-154/254) are preset at the factory for optimum sensitivity across the
band of frequencies for each particular model. These should never need adjustment unless a
component in the front-end is replaced. Even then, adjustment should not be necessary.
Typically, the RF level to achieve 12 dB SINAD should vary about 1 dB or less across the band.
To confirm this, the unit should be programmed for receive frequencies which represent the low,
mid, and high ends of the band. The sensitivity should be checked on each frequency. If
adjustment is deemed desirable, the normal procedure is to adjust the slugs for maximum
sensitivity at the mid frequency channel and then check the band edge frequencies. If the
sensitivity is worse by 1 dB or more, each slug should be adjusted slightly to test if any
improvement is noted. Only those slugs which improve the sensitivity should be changed and
only by an amount necessary to bring the sensitivity within 1 dB of the mid channel. After any
change is made, the sensitivity should be re-checked across the band. The adjustments may have
to be repeated several times to get satisfactory performance across the entire band.
13.3.2
TCXO FREQUENCY ADJUST
The frequency of the TXCO (Y101) is controlled by the DC voltage on its tuning pin and by
adjustment of the trimmer capacitor accessible through a hole in the top of the TCXO itself. The
tuning sensitivity through the electronic control pin is much greater than that of the trimmer
capacitor. The trimmer capacitor is normally never adjusted, even at the factory. If, however, the
TX and RX Frequency Trim values are approaching the limits of their electronic adjustment,
adjustment of the trimmer may bring the trim values more toward the center.
14
ACTIVE COMPONENT VOLTAGE CHART
Note: All voltages measured with reference to negative supply input (case ground).
14.1
DTX-154/254 RF BOARD
DEVICE
PIN
Q101
VOLTAGE
Transmit
Receive
COMMENTS
Receiver RF Preamplifier
0.7
2.5
Receiver 1st IF Amplifier
0.7
3.5
E (1)
B (2)
C (6)
Noise Squelch Voltage Reference
0.5 to 1.5
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
1.1
5.0
E (4)
B (5)
C (3)
Noise Squelch Amplifier
0.5 to 1.5
0 to 1.5
0 to 1.5
Transmitter Driver Amplifier
0.7
2.5 to 3.5
Transmitter Pre-driver Amplifier
0.7
2.5 to 3.5
VCO Amplifier
0.7
0.7
2.2 to 3.0
2.2 to 3.0
VCO Oscillator
1.5
1.5
2.2
2.2
4.4
4.4
VCO RX/TX Switching Transistor
4.1
0.2
4.3
Q102
Q103-A
Q103-B
Q104
Q105
Q106
Q107
Q108
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
Q109
VCO RX/TX Switching Transistor
4.3
4.3
4.1
VCO Active Power Supply Filter
4.3
4.3
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
Reference Oscillator Tripler
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.7
4.7
4.7
TX Switching Transistor
0.2
7.3
TX Switching Transistor
7.3
7.3
6.4
7.3
7.1
Transmit Enable Switching Transistor
4.8
0.2
PLL RF Buffer Transistor
0.4
0.4
1.1
1.1
3.0
3.0
PLL Charge Pump Voltage Regulator
6.1
6.1
6.7
6.7
7.3
7.3
PLL Lock Detect Driver Transistor
0 volts when unlocked.
4.9 volts when unlocked.
Receiver 1st Mixer
1.6
0.8
Q110
Q111
Q112
Q113
Q114
Q115
Q116
Q117
IC101
IC102
Receiver 2nd Mixer, IF, Detector
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
-0
Receiver Detector Buffer Amplifier
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.7
7.3
7.3
RF PA Module
2.5 to 3.5
0 to 4
7.5
--
7.5
--
10
11
12
13
14
RX/TX Logic
5 Volt Regulator
7.3
-7.3
7.3
-7.3
IC103
IC104
IC106
IC107
4.4
3.8
3.7
4.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.6
2.1
0.6
3.5
-0 to 3
1.8
No connect.
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
Transmit voltage varies with RF power.
Don’t Measure!
No Connect.
IC108
Receiver 5 Volt Regulator
7.3
7.3
--7.3
7.3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
PLL Synthesizer IC
4.9
4.9
6.1
6.1
1 to 5
1 to 5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
2.4
2.4
--5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
----0
--5
---
IC109
No Connect.
Tuning Voltage-depends upon frequency.
No connect.
Lock Detect-0 when unlocked.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulses to 5 volts to load synthesizer.
No connect.
No connect.
No connect.
No connect.
14.2
DEVICE
DTX-454 RF BOARD
PIN
Q101
COMMENTS
Receiver RF Preamplifier
0.7
2.5
Receiver 1st IF Amplifier
0.7
3.5
E (1)
B (2)
C (6)
Noise Squelch Voltage Reference
0.5 to 1.5
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
1.1
5.0
E (4)
B (5)
C (3)
Noise Squelch Amplifier
0.5 to 1.5
0 to 1.5
0 to 1.5
Transmitter Driver Amplifier
0.7
2.5 to 3.5
Transmitter Pre-driver Amplifier
0.7
2.5 to 3.5
VCO Amplifier
0.7
0.7
2.2 to 3.0
2.2 to 3.0
VCO Buffer Amplifier
0.7
0.7
2.2 to 3.0
2.2 to 3.0
VCO Oscillator
1.5
1.5
2.2
2.2
4.4
4.4
VCO RX/TX Switching Transistor
4.1
0.2
4.3
Q102
Q103-A
Q103-B
Q104
Q105
Q106
Q107
Q108
Q109
Q110
VOLTAGE
Transmit
Receive
VCO RX/TX Switching Transistor
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
E
4.3
4.1
VCO Active Power Supply Filter
4.3
4.3
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
Reference Oscillator Tripler
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.7
4.7
4.7
TX Switching Transistor
7.3
7.3
6.4
7.3
7.1
TX Switching Transistor
0.2
7.3
Transmit Enable Switching Transistor
4.8
0.2
PLL Lock Detect Driver Transistor
0 volts when unlocked.
4.9 volts when unlocked.
PLL Charge Pump Voltage Regulator
6.1
6.1
6.7
6.7
7.3
7.3
Receiver 1st Mixer
1.6
0.8
Receiver 2nd Mixer, IF, Detector
4.4
3.8
3.7
4.6
3.6
3.6
Q111
Q112
Q113
Q114
Q115
Q116
Q117
IC101
IC102
4.3
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
-0
Receiver Detector Buffer Amplifier
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.7
7.3
7.3
RF PA Module
2.5 to 3.5
0 to 4
7.5/11 to 16
--
7.5/11 to 16
--
10
11
12
13
14
RX/TX Logic
5 Volt Regulator
7.3
-7.3
7.3
-7.3
Receiver 5 Volt Regulator
7.3
7.3
--7.3
7.3
IC103
IC104
IC105
IC106
IC107
3.6
4.6
2.1
0.6
3.5
-0 to 3
1.8
No connect.
Receive voltage varies with signal level.
Transmit voltage varies with RF power.
Depends upon type of PA module.
Don’t Measure!
No connect.
No connect.
IC108
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
PLL Synthesizer IC
4.9
4.9
6.1
6.1
1 to 5
1 to 5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
2.4
2.4
--5
----0
--5
---
Tuning Voltage-depends upon frequency.
No connect.
Lock Detect-0 when unlocked.
Data Input-Pulses high while being loaded.
Data Input-Pulses high while being loaded.
Data Input-Pulses high while being loaded.
No connect.
No connect.
No connect.
No connect.
14.3
DEVICE
DTX-154/454 CONTROL/LOADER BOARD
PIN
Q301
VOLTAGE
Transmit
Receive
COMMENTS
Audio PA Enable Switching Transistor
7.3
7.3
6.5
6.5
7.1
7.1
Audio PA Enable Driver Switching Transistor
4.3
4.3
6.5
6.5
Microprocessor Reset Transistor
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
Programmer Interface Transistor
CTS Interface Transistor
0 or 5
0 or 5
0.2 or 5
0.2 or 5
Depends upon programming and mode.
Depends upon programming and mode.
DCD Interface Transistor
0 or 5
0 or 5
0.2 or 5
0.2 or 5
Depends upon programming and mode.
Depends upon programming and mode.
Audio PA
1.3
3.6
7.3
-1.3
Q302
Q303
Q304
Q305
Q306
IC301
IC302
1.3
3.6
7.3
-1.3
Pulses to 5 volts when sending data.
5 volts drops to 2.5 when programmer is
connected. Pulses to 0.2 volts to send data.
No connect.
Microprocessor
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
Reset Input (Resets at 0 volts).
External Interrupt (Tied to 5 volts).
Lock Detect Input, 5 volts when unlocked.
Channel Select LSB input.
Channel Select mid bit input.
Channel Select MSB input.
CSN input.
RX MON input.
9
10
0 or 5
0 or 5
11
12
13
14
15
16
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 or 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 to 5
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
2.5 or 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
2.5 or 5
26
27
28
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Analog Switch
2.5
2.5
0 or 5
0 or 5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
0 to 5
0 to 5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
10
11
Operational Amplifier
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
0 to 5
0 to 3
0 to 3
IC303
IC304
RTS input.
Drops to 2.5 volts when programmer
is connected. Drops to 0 when sending
data.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Power set LSB in transmit, RSSI input in
receive.
Power set bit in transmit.
Power set bit in transmit.
Power set MSB in transmit.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulses to 5 volts to load synthesizer.
Pulses to 5 volts to send data.
2.5 volts when programmer connected.
Drops to 0.2 volts during data transfer.
Depends upon RF input level.
TX power set in TX, RSSI in RX.
TX power set LSB.
RX value depends upon RF input level.
RX value depends upon RF input level.
RX value depends upon RF input level.
12
13
14
0 to 4.5
0 to 4.5
0 to 4.5
TX value depends upon RF output level.
TX value depends upon RF output level.
TX value depends upon RF output level.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Analog Switch
0 or 2.5
0 or 2.5
0 or 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
0 or 2.5
0 or 2.5
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2.5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
2 to 3
2.5
2 to 3
2 to 3
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
10
11
12
13
14
Operational Amplifier
0 or 2.5
2 to 3
0 or 2.5
2 to 3
0 or 2.5
2 to 3
0 or 2.5
2 to 3
0 or 2.5
2 to 3
0 or 2.5
2 to 3
2.5
2 to 3
2.5
2 to 3
2.5
2 to 3
2.5
2 to 3
2.5
2 to 3
2.5
2 to 3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Digital Potentiometer
0 to 0.8
0 to 5
0 to 5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
--0 and 5
0 and 5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
IC305
IC306
IC307
0 volts mutes receive audio chain.
0 volts for flat AUX OUT.
0 volts for DC coupled RX audio.
Discriminator audio.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
Varies with disc. coupling and DC value.
TX value depends upon pot setting.
Values depend upon frequency trim settings.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
No connect.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
17
18
19
20
0.8
10
11
12
13
14
Operational Amplifier
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Analog Switch
2.5
2.5
2.5
0 or 5
0 or 5
2.5
2.5
2.5
10
11
12
13
14
Operational Amplifier
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
IC308
IC309
IC310
0.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
0 or 5
2.5
2.5
2.5
5 volts for TX pre-emphasis.
0 volts for muted microphone input.
Values depend upon frequency trim settings.
Values depend upon frequency trim settings.
Values depend upon frequency trim settings.
IC311
EEPROM Memory IC
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
--5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Shift Register Port Expander
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
--0
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 or 5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Shift Register Port Expander
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
0 or 5
--0
--5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
0 and 5
Precision 5 Volt Regulator
--0
--1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
7.3
7.3
IC312
IC313
IC314
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
No connect.
0 volts for flat AUX OUT
0 volts mutes microphone input.
5 volts for TX pre-emphasis.
No connect.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
0 volts for DC coupled receive audio.
Depends upon programmed settings.
Depends upon programmed settings.
0 volts mutes receive audio.
No connect.
No connect.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
Pulsing continuously is normal.
No connect.
No connect.
IC316
7.5 Volt Regulator
11 to 16
11 to 16
6.0
6.0
7.3
7.3
5 Volt Regulator
7.3
---
IC317
7.3
---
B+ input.
No connect
No connect.
15
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS


---

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