Schneider Electric Systems Canada QB150QP150 VHF Remote Link Transceiver User Manual

Trio Datacom Pty Ltd (a wholly owned company of Schneider Electric) VHF Remote Link Transceiver

User Manual

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Trio Q Data Radio

User Manual

2 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part G– Quick Start Guide 91

Step-by-Step Point to Point Setup 91

QH Hot Standby Quick Start Guide 95

Step-by-Step eDiags Setup 98

System Topology Configuration 99

Router Mode 104

Network Address Translation (NAT) 108

Virtual LAN (VLAN) 111

Serial and MODBUS 115

Single Frequency (Simplex) Mode 120

E-Series Emulation Mode 122

Part H – Advanced 124

Connectivity 124

Ease of Use 132

Security 155

Part I – Installation & Commissioning 158

Optimising the Antenna for Rx Signal 160

Commissioning 161

Part J – Firmware Updating and Maintenance 162

Firmware Updating 162

Global Firmware Updating 164

Fuse Replacement - QR 171

Part K – Open Source License Acknowledgements 172

Part L – Support Options 173

Contents

Part A – Preface 3

Safety Information 3

Revision History 6

Important Information 6

Compliance Information 7

Part B – Feature Overview 8

Introduction 8

Features and Benefits 9

Q Data Radio Range 10

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes 12

System Topologies 12

Operating Modes 17

Part D – Feature Detail 19

Hardware 19

Efficiency and Bandwidth 21

Connectivity 32

Ease of Use 35

Security 42

Part E – Radio Planning and Design 44

Radio Path analysis 44

BER & Fade Margin 46

Radio Accessories 47

Part F – Quick Reference Guide 50

Introduction 50

Half Duplex Radio - QR150 50

Half Duplex Radio - QR450 57

Full Duplex Radio - QB 64

Hot Standby Half Duplex Radio - QP 69

Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio - QH 74

LED indicators 81

Connecting Antennas 84

Communication Ports 84

Activating Transmitter 86

Factory Default 86

Digital I/O 87

Connecting to Web User Interface (WUI) 89

Resolving Ethernet Connection Issues 90

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Safety Information

Read these instructions carefully, and look at the

equipment to become familiar with the device before

trying to install, operate, or maintain it. The following

special messages may appear throughout this

documentation or on the equipment to warn of potential

hazards or to call attention to information that clarifies or

simplifies a procedure.

WEEE Regulation (Europe)

This symbol on the product or its

packaging indicates that this product

must not be disposed of with other waste.

Instead, it is your responsibility to dispose

of your waste equipment by handing it over to a designated

collection point for the recycling of waste electrical and

electronic equipment. The separate collection and recycling

of your waste equipment at the time of disposal will help

conserve natural resources and help ensure that it is

recycled in a manner that protects human health and the

environment. For more information about where you can

drop off your waste equipment for recycling, contact the

dealer from whom you originally purchased the product.

Dieses Symbol auf dem Produkt oder seinem Verpacken

zeigt an, daß dieses Produkt nicht mit anderer

Vergeudung entledigt werden darf. Stattdessen ist es Ihre

Verantwortlichkeit, sich Ihre überschüssige Ausrüstung zu

entledigen, indem es rüber sie zu einem gekennzeichneten

Ansammlungspunkt für die Abfallverwertung elektrische und

elektronische Ausrüstung übergibt. Die unterschiedliche

Ansammlung und die Wiederverwertung Ihrer

überschüssigen Ausrüstung zu der Zeit der Beseitigung

helfen, Naturresourcen zu konservieren und sicherzugehen,

daß es in gewissem Sinne aufbereitet wird, daß menschliche

Gesundheit und das Klima schützt. Zu mehr Information

ungefähr, wo Sie weg von Ihrer überschüssigen Ausrüstung

für die Wiederverwertung fallen können, treten Sie bitte mit

dem Händler in Verbindung, von dem Sie ursprünglich das

Produkt kauften.

This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to

alert you to a potential personal injury hazards.

Obey all safety messages that follow this

symbol to avoid possible injury or death.

The addition of this symbol to a Danger or

Warning safety label indicates that an electrical

hazard exists, which will result in personal injury

if the instructions are not followed.

Part A – Preface

Part A - Preface

Electrical equipment should be installed, operated,

serviced, and maintained only by qualified personnel. No

responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any

consequences arising out of the use of this material.

WARNING

WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in

death or serious injury.

CAUTION

CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in

minor or moderate injury.

NOTICE

NOTICE is used to address practices not related to physical injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF BURN

The QR, QB and QP must be installed in a restricted access location.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

LOSS OF CONTROL

• The designer of any control scheme must consider the potential failure modes

of control paths and, for certain critical control functions, provide a means to

achieve a safe state during and after a path failure. Examples of critical control

functions are emergency stop and over travel stop.

• Separate or redundant control paths must be provided for critical control functions.

• System control paths may include communication links. Consideration must be

given to the implications of anticipated transmission delays or failures of the link1

• Each implementation of equipment utilizing communication links must be

individually and thoroughly tested for proper operation before being placed

into service.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or

equipment damage.

WARNING

HAZARD OF RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) BURNS

Ensure that a matching load or antenna is attached to the RF port prior to

applying power to the device.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF EXPLOSION

Ensure that all connected equipment is grounded to the power source ground

termination.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

For the definition of a restricted access location, refer to the

ETSI EN 60950 standard.

WARNING

HAZARD OF THERMAL BURNS

High operating temperature.

• Avoid direct contact with device while in operation.

• Install device in a restricted access location to avoid unintentional contact.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

1 For additional information about transmission delays or

failures of the link, refer to NEMA ICS 1.1 (latest edition).

Safety Guidelines for the Application, Installation, and

Maintenance of Solid State Control or its equivalent in

your specific country, language, and/or location.

4 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Before using this product, read the Safety Information, Compliance information and all recommendations related to the

purchased wireless communications equipment found within the Installation and Commissioning section found within the

product user manual. The product user manual is available at www.schneider-electric.com

This environment is “enclosed”. It can be installed without any specific protection in areas with restricted access and low pollution

levels (not exceeding 2), for example; stations or control rooms which have neither machines nor any activity generating metallic

dust or other metallic particles. In other environments, it is recommended to follow rules as defined in the user manual. For the

definition of a restricted access location, refer to the ETSI EN 60950 standard.

Environment

Part A - Preface

WARNING

HAZARD OF DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY

• The QR, QB and QP must be installed in a restricted access location.

• Ensure that the operating temperature (air surrounding equipment) never exceeds 70 °C (158 °F)

• Ensure that all radio equipment is installed with a lightning arrestor.

• Ensure that all connected equipment is grounded to the power source ground termination.

• Where an internal fuse is to be replaced, the replacement fuse must be of the specied

type and current rating. Refer to fuse replacement instructions within the Product User

Manual before servicing.

• Ensure that a matching load or antenna is attached to the RF port prior to applying power

to the device.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

LOSS OF CONTROL

• The designer of any control scheme must consider the potential failure modes of control paths and,

for certain critical control functions, provide a means to achieve a safe state during and after a path

failure. Examples of critical control functions are emergency stop and over travel stop.

• Separate or redundant control paths must be provided for critical control functions.

• System control paths may include communication links. Consideration must be given to the

implications of anticipated transmission delays or failures of the link1

• Each implementation of equipment utilizing communication links must be individually and

thoroughly tested for proper operation before being placed into service.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or equipment damage.

1 For additional information about transmission delays or failures of the link, refer to NEMA ICS 1.1 (latest edition). Safety Guidelines for

the Application, Installation, and Maintenance of Solid State Control or its equivalent in your specific country, language, and/or location.

WARNING

HAZARD OF DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY

• RF Exposure - The radio equipment described in the Product User Manual emits low level radio

frequency energy. The concentrated energy may pose a health hazard depending on the type of antenna

used. To satisfy EU, FCC and Industry Canada requirements a minimum separation distance should be

maintained between the antenna of this device and persons during operation as per the table below

Range of

Antenna system

gains (dBd)

Minimum

Separation from

Antenna (Meters)

Minimum Separation

from Antenna

(Feet Decimal)

0 to 4 1.6 5.3

4 to 8 2.6 8.6

8 to 12 4.1 13.5

12 to 16 6.4 21

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF UNINTENDED EQUIPMENT OPERATION

To help prevent equipment malfunction, take every precaution during installation against incorrectly

activating the wireless communications equipment. This equipment is not a functional safety product.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury, and equipment damage.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

In order to improve the security of the installation, follow the rules below:

Wiring

NOTICE

HAZARD OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

• The radio modem can be damaged if there is any potential difference between the

chassis-ground, RS-232 signal ground, power (-) input, or antenna coaxial shield. Before

connecting any wiring, ensure that all components are earthed to a common ground point.

• The QR150, with the Rx antenna port enabled, can be damaged if the isolation between

the Tx and Rx antenna is less than 20 dB. Before connecting the QR150 to an antenna

system, ensure that the isolation between the Tx and Rx antennas is greater than 20 dB.

• The QB, when operating with the same transmit and receive frequencies, can be

damaged if the isolation between the Tx and Rx antenna is less than 47 dB. Before

connecting the QB to an antenna system, ensure that the isolation between the Tx and Rx

is greater than 47 dB.

• The QP150 type D (part number TBURQP1xx-xxxxxxxD), can be damaged if the isolation

between the Tx and Rx antenna is less than 20 dB. Before connecting the QP150 to an

antenna system, ensure that the isolation between the Tx and Rx is greater than 20 dB.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.

Part A - Preface

6 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Revision History

Issue: 03-15 - (March 2015) Alarms and Events

Issue: 05-15 - (May 2015) Updated Compliance

Information.

Issue: 11-15 - (November 2015) Updates to support new

features in firmware

release 1.4.0

Issue: 06-16 - (June 2016) Updates to support new

features in firmware

release 1.5.0

Issue: 12-16 - (December 2016) Support for VHF Q

variant

Part A - Preface

Important Information

Reserved

This manual covers the operation of the Q Data Radio

range. Specifications described are typical only and are

subject to normal manufacturing and service tolerances.

Trio Datacom Pty Ltd reserves the right to modify the

equipment, its specification or this manual without prior

notification, in the interest of improving performance,

reliability or servicing. At the time of publication all data is

correct for the operation of the equipment at the voltage

and/or temperature referred to. Performance data

indicates typical values related to the particular product.

This manual is copyright by Trio Datacom Pty Ltd. All

rights reserved. No part of the documentation or the

information supplied may be divulged to any third party

without the express written permission of Trio Datacom

Pty Ltd.

The manual is also proprietary to Trio Datacom Pty Ltd

and are supplied for the purposes referred to in the

accompanying documentation and must not be used

for any other purpose. All such information remains

the property of Trio Datacom Pty Ltd and may not be

reproduced, copied, stored on or transferred to any

other media or used or distributed in any way save for

the express purposes for which it is supplied.

Products offered may contain software which is

proprietary to Trio Datacom Pty Ltd. However, the

offer of supply of these products and services does

not include or infer any transfer of ownership of such

proprietary information and as such reproduction or

reuse without the express permission in writing from Trio

Datacom Pty Ltd is forbidden. Permission may be applied

for by contacting Trio Datacom Pty Ltd in writing.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

WARNING

HAZARD TO HEALTH DUE TO RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) EXPOSURE

• The radio equipment described in this user manual emits low level

radio frequency energy. The concentrated energy may pose a health

hazard depending on the type of antenna used.

• To satisfy EU, FCC and Industry Canada requirements a minimum

separation distance should be maintained between the antenna of

this device and persons during operation as per the table below.

Range of Antenna

system gains (dBd)

Minimum Separation

from Antenna (Meters)

Minimum Separation from

Antenna (Feet Decimal)

0 to 4 1.6 5.3

4 to 8 2.6 8.6

8 to 12 4.1 13.5

12 to 16 6.4 21

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

Part A - Preface

Site Grounding

Ensure that the chassis mounting plate, power supply

(-) Ground, RTU terminal device, and lightning arrester,

are all securely connected to the ground in the building

installation or a common ground point to which an earth/

ground stake is attached.

R&TTE Directive (Europe)

Applies to models TBURQx4xx-Exxxxxxx

In order to comply with the R&TTE (Radio &

Telecommunications Terminal Equipment) directive

1999/5/EC, all radio modem installations must include

an external in-line lightning arrestor or equivalent device

that complies with the following specifications:

• DC Blocking Capability - 1.5kV impulse (Rise Time

10mS, Fall Time 700mS) (Repetition 10 Times)

or 1.0kV rms 50Hz sine wave for 1 minute.

Trio Datacom declares that the Q data radio range

is in compliance with the essential requirements and

other relevant provisions of the Directive 1999/5/

EC. Therefore the Trio Datacom Q data radio range is

labelled with the following CE-marking.

FCC Compliance (Hot Standby Controller Only)

This equipment has been tested and found to comply

with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to

Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed

to provide reasonable protection against harmful

interference in a residential installation. This equipment

generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy

and, if not installed and used in accordance with the

instruction, equipment may cause harmful interference

to radio communications. However, there is no

guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular

installation. If this equipment does cause harmful

interference to radio or television reception, which can

be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the

user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by

one or more of the following measures:

• Re-orient to relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment

and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit

different to that which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/

television technician for assistance.

Compliance Information

Exclusion Zone

3m Clearance

allowed for

3.3m3.3m

Typical Antenna Installation Exclusion Zone

The diagram below shows the exclusion zone for a

typical antenna installation. The details of this typical

system are as follows:

• Q Data Radio - 40dBm (10W)

• Antenna - Yagi 14 dBd/16.15 dBi gain

• Lightning Arrestor - 0.5dB loss

• Cable Run - 1.5dB loss

0891

Collocating the QR450 remote (Europe)

The QR450 is a remote radio and should not be

collocated with other transmitting equipment.

FCC Compliance

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this

device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this

device must accept any interference received, including

interference that may cause undesired operation.

The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio or TV

interference caused by unauthorised modifications to

this equipment. Such modifications could void the user’s

authority to operate the equipment.

When antennas are co-located on a community (shared)

site the correct site engineering must be performed to

ensure that RF exposure limits are met.

FCC requirements can be found in 47 CFR 1.1307(b)(3)

8 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part B – Feature Overview

Introduction

The Trio Q is a family of data radios designed for wireless transport of Telemetry and Remote SCADA data using the licensed

VHF and UHF spectrum.

Trio Q Data Radios are ideal where:

• Total ownership and control of the data radio network is required

• There are long distances to cover

• Public Communications (i.e.: Cellular) is too expensive or unreliable

• Variety of communications delivery is required

Trio Q Data radios are suitable for a wide variety of applications that require the transport of serial or Ethernet protocols,

including DNP, MODBUS and IEC, over distances of that up to 50Km (30 miles). Common applications include the monitoring

and control of remote assets in the management of:

• Water and Waste Water

• Electrical Distribution and Sub Station automation such as those found in Smart Grids

• The extraction and transportation of Oil & Gas

However, as data transport is transparent to the application, there are virtually no application-specific constraints, other than

data throughput and range.

A typical radio system topology permits a central master / control application, like a SCADA Host system for example, to

communicate with remotely-situated application equipment such as RTUs or PLCs; using single or dual-frequency radio

channels in the 150 MHz VHF band (Qx150) or 450 MHz UHF band (Qx450). A diverse range of system topologies

are possible, but in general remote sites communicate directly with the entry point or via repeater stations when direct

communication is not possible.

Trio Q Data Radios come in a variety of hardware form factors. The QR450 and QR150 Half-Duplex Radios, are ideal for

deployment at remote sites, and operates in simplex or half-duplex modes. Built around a rugged but compact die-cast housing,

complete with physical mounting locations, it also has an optional DIN rail mounting kit. Complementing this is the QB Full

Duplex Radio, which is ideal for deployment at entry point or repeater sites as it provides high performance full-duplex operation

in a 1RU 19” rack form factor. Where redundancy is of value, there are also Hot Standby variants of both the full and half duplex

radios.

Over-the-air data speeds are now four times faster than those found in existing licensed data radio systems. Additionally, the

radio system can dynamically change its speed during a signal fade or rain storm, enhancing reliable operation, even at the

fastest speeds. Combined with features like IP routing and automatic retries, together with advances in collision avoidance,

Trio Q provides the ideal platform for building a scalable, easy-to-use, licensed data radio system, where users can greatly

increase the number of remote sites per system, and the amount of data transported over the network. Trio Q data radios

operate between 135 to 175 MHz and 400 to 518MHz, are approved for use by ETSI & ACMA, are software-configurable for

12.5kHz or 25kHz channels, and up to 10W of Transmit power even at the fastest speed.

There are two Ethernet and two serial ports, that operate in either a Layer-2 Ethernet or Layer-3 IP routing mode. For

serial data, both RS-232 and RS-485 is supported using embedded terminal servers, secured by 256-bit AES encryption.

Diagnostics and Configuration are performed via web server, Telnet/SSH or serial console, and built in wizards take out the

guess work. SNMP traps can provide real time alarm detection of parameters and Integration into ClearSCADA is painless with

library templates .

In summary, Trio Q Data radios offer enhanced flexibility, security and reliability, even in harsh, remote environments. They

provide an ideal foundation on which to build a data radio system that is scalable, has extended reach, and is virtually future-

proof, to help you protect the value of your investment.

Part B – Feature Overview

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Common Features – QR | QB | QP | QH

Radio

• VHF Frequency Band Operation: 135...175 MHz

• UHF Frequency Band Operation : 400...450 MHz and 450...518 MHz

• 12.5kHz and 25kHz channel operation in one radio model

• User configurable transmitter output power up to 10 Watts

• Coverage of common international frequency bands

• Designed to meet international FCC & ETSI radio regulatory requirements

• VSWR and over temperature protection

• Operation over full -40...70°C (-40...158°F) ambient temperature range

• Automatic frequency offset compensation for years of service/calibration free operation

Ethernet

• Transport of Ethernet based protocols (including UDP, TCP, DHCP, ARP, ICMP, STP, IGMP, SNTP & TFPT)

• Layer-2 Ethernet Bridge Mode & Layer-3 IP Router mode

• VLAN capability (Bridge mode)

• Maximum narrowband channel utilisation with smart peer-to-peer repeating, broadcast filtering and data compression

• SNMP access to radio diagnostics parameters (including alarm detection and traps)

• Legacy RS-232/RS-485 serial support via embedded terminal servers (UDP/TCP) and MODBUS/TCP gateway

• Configuration via embedded HTTP, HTTPS web interface and/or Telnet/SSH/Serial console

• Local and (one to N) broadcast firmware upgrades

• Embedded NTP Time Server (NTP Client / Server / Client-Server / Manual modes)

Modem

• Dynamic Speed Selection: QoS/RSSI based automatic speed selection (or fixed mode)

• RF Data Rates: Up to 32kbps in a 12.5kHz ETSI Channel & 56kbps in a 25kHz Channel

• Advanced Digital dynamic supervisory collision avoidance system

Security

• Support for 256-bit AES encryption#

• Password protected HTTP and HTTPS configuration/diagnostics management interface

• Password protected Telnet, SSH and Serial console interface

• User administration for radio access

Diagnostics

• Compatible with the Trio TVIEW+ Diagnostics Network Management Software

• Embedded error rate testing facilities

• Diagnostics parameters available for Tx Power, RSSI, DC Supply Volts, Frequency Offset, Temperature and VSWR

• In-build event logging facility

Approvals

• Europe (ETSI): ETSI EN 300 113, EN 301 489, EN 60950

• United States (FCC): FCC Part 15, Part 90

• Canada (IC): IC RS119, ICES-001

• Australia (ACMA): ACMA AS4295-1995 (Data)

#: Export and import restrictions may apply.

Features and Benefits

Part B – Feature Overview

10 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

• Simplex or Half duplex operation

• Small form factor, rugged die cast housing

115 x 34 x 164 mm (4.52 x 1.33 x 6.45 in.)

• 10...30 Vdc supply voltage.

• DIN Rail Mounting Kit Option

(TBUMDIN-KIT-TYPEA)

• Suitable for use in Class I, Division 2, Groups

A, B, C & D hazardous locations UHF - Half Duplex Radio

VHF - Half Duplex Radio

Q Data Radio Range

Part B – Feature Overview

• Simplex or Half duplex operation

• Small form factor, rugged die cast housing

115 x 56 x 164 mm (4.52 x 2.2 x 6.45 in.)

• 10...30 Vdc supply voltage.

• DIN Rail Mounting Kit Option

(TBUMDIN-KIT-TYPEA)

• Suitable for use in Class I, Division 2, Groups

A, B, C & D hazardous locations

QR450 - UHF Half Duplex Radio

The QR450 Half Duplex Radio is ideal for remote applications as it has a smaller form factor, allowing the product to be

installed in space-restricted cabinets/enclosures. The QR450 can also be used as an Entry Point (Base/Master Station) or

repeater for systems with a small number of remotes where the transmitter duty cycle is low.

Features of the QR450 include:

QR150 - VHF Half Duplex Radio

The QR150 Half Duplex Radio is ideal for remote applications as it has a smaller form factor, allowing the product to be

installed in space-restricted cabinets/enclosures. The QR150 can also be used as an Entry Point (Base/Master Station) or

repeater for systems with a small number of remotes where the transmitter duty cycle is low.

Features of the QR150 include:

Full Duplex Base Radio

• Full Duplex operation (100% duty cycle)

• 19" 1RU rack mount

• Digital Inputs & Outputs

QB150 and QB450 - Full Duplex Radio

Complimenting the QR half duplex remote radios, is the QB full duplex radio, ideal for deployment at base & repeater sites in

systems using dual frequency operation. In high duty cycle applications, the QB delivers maximum rated transmitter power in

ambient temperatures up to 70°C (158°F). Where 1+1 hot standby redundancy is required, the half duplex QP and the full

duplex QH are available.

Features of the QB include:

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Full Duplex Hot Standby Base Radio

QH150 and QH450 - Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio

Complimenting the QR half duplex remote radios, is the QH full duplex radio kit, ideal for deployment at base & repeater sites

in systems using dual frequency operation. In high duty cycle applications, the QH delivers maximum rated transmitter power

in ambient temperatures up to 70°C (158°F). Where 1+1 hot standby redundancy is not required, the full duplex QB base/

repeater station is available.

The features of the QH include:

• Full Duplex operation (100% duty cycle)

• Ethernet link monitoring and shared IP address

provides smart Ethernet redundancy

• Remote monitoring, control and changeover of

duplicated base/repeater stations

• Hot-swappable modular 19” rack mount

transceiver configuration (3 RU total)

• Automatic changeover upon alarm detection of

transmitter, receiver, data alarm detection, power

supply and data connectivity.

• Digital Inputs & Outputs

• Hot Standby Controller power supply

• 11...14 Vdc (from output of QBs)

• Max Current: 800mA

Part B – Feature Overview

Half Duplex Hot Standby Base Radio

• Simplex or Half duplex operation

• Duplicated redundant transceiver configuration

• Automatic change-over

• 19" 1RU rack mount

• Digital Inputs & Outputs

QP150 and QP450 - Hot Standby Half Duplex Radio

The QP half duplex radio is ideal for deployment at base & repeater sites in systems using dual frequency (half duplex) or

single frequency (simplex) operation, where it will only be required to transmit OR receive. In high duty cycle applications, the

QP delivers maximum rated transmitter power in ambient temperatures up to 70°C (158°F).

The features of the QP include:

12 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

System Topologies

Introduction

Fundamental to understanding the use of the Q data radio range in your system is the need for a basic understanding of the

different types of radio system topologies and system topology functions.

System Topologies:

Point to Point (PTP):

• A system topology with two radios, one Entry Point and one Remote

Point to Multipoint (PTMP):

• A system topology with three or more radios, one Entry Point that directly communicates to two or more Remotes.

Point to Multipoint via a Repeater (PTMP/R):

• A system topology with three or more radios, one Entry Point that communicates via a repeater to two or more

Remotes.

Point to Multipoint via multiple Repeaters:

• A system topology with four or more radios, one Entry Point that communicates via multiple cascaded repeaters to

one or more Remotes.

Multipoint to multipoint (MPTMP):

• A system topology with one Entry Point and one or more remotes, and no repeaters, where remotes can talk directly

to the Entry Point or to each other.

• Only works with Simplex frequencies.

System Topology Functions:

Entry Point:

• The radio where user data enters the systems. Typically connected (directly or indirectly) to the Master RTU or SCADA Host.

Repeater:

• A radio which repeats data from an Entry point to Remote, or Remote to Remote, or Repeater to Repeater.

Remote:

• A radio which is the endpoint or perimeter of the system topology.

Each type of network is described in the following diagrams.

Point-to-Point (PTP)

A Point to Point (PTP) network has one Entry Point and one Remote radio. When full duplex radios are installed, full data

throughput can be achieved in each direction. Alternatively, half-duplex radios can also be implemented although collision

avoidance should be enabled.

Full Duplex radios have the advantage that they simulate a cable connection with respect to the connected devices. Even

if one device transmits continuously it will not block the other device from sending data. This is useful for applications that

expect full duplex communications or that are not designated to be radio modem friendly.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Point to Multipoint (PTMP)

A Point to Multipoint (PTMP) network is normally chosen when a central site (i.e.: The HOST application) needs to

communicate with multiple REMOTE sites.

Point to Multipoint (PTMP) operation requires the Entry Point site to have adequate RF coverage of all Remote sites. A PTMP

offers optimal available bandwidth and data latency when multiple remote sites are required.

In a multiple access radio system (MAS), communication occurs from a common site (the Entry Point) to all others, either

using a half duplex or simplex radio channel. In addition, remote sites can communicate to each for peer to peer messaging,

via the Entry Point.

For two frequency systems, to facilitate efficient data communication and support features such as digital collision avoidance,

it is recommended that the Entry Point be a full duplex radio (QB/QH).

Utilising a half duplex Entry Point radio is possible, however some features may not be available and system performance may

be lower when compared to using a full duplex entry point.

In most applications, this type of system topology is more efficient than other topologies.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

14 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Point to Multipoint via Repeater (PTMP via Rep)

A Point to Multipoint via repeater (PTMP/R) network is a variation of the Point To Multipoint (PTMP) network. It is normally

chosen when the site where the Host application (i.e.: Entry Point) does not have adequate RF coverage of Remote sites in

the network.

This network topology consists of a radio configured as a Repeater (typically full duplex), an entry point radio and a number

of remotes. The repeater can be configured to repeat data based on either IP layer 2 (Bridge mode), or IP layer 3 (Router

mode) rules.

The repeater should be located at a site with adequate RF coverage to each of the remotes.

For two frequency systems, to facilitate efficient data communication and support features such as digital collision avoidance,

it is recommended that the Repeater be a full duplex radio (QB/QH).

Utilising a half duplex Entry Point radio is possible, however some features may not be available and system performance may

be lower when compared to using a full duplex entry point.

Other aspects of the Point to Multipoint network apply to this network topology.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

A PTMP via multiple repeaters system is a variation of the PTMP/R system. It is normally chosen when the site where the Host

application (i.e.: Entry Point) together with the first repeater have inadequate RF coverage of remote sites in the network.

In this system topology, there are multiple radios configured as repeaters. The PTMP/R with multiple repeater system

topology is only possible when using IP routing mode. Each repeater is configured to repeat traffic based on destination IP

address.

The repeaters should be located at sites with adequate RF coverage for the remote sites. For two frequency systems, to

facilitate efficient data communication and support features such as the collision avoidance mechanism, it is recommended

that the first Repeater be a full duplex radio (QB/QH).

Utilizing a half duplex Repeater is possible, however some features may not be available and system performance may be

lower when compared to using a full duplex entry point.

Other aspects of the Point to Multipoint network apply to this network topology.

Point to Multipoint via Multiple Repeaters (PTMP via multiple Reps)

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

16 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Flat Multipoint to Multipoint (MPTMP) - Simplex

A Multipoint to Multipoint network is a variation of the Point To Multipoint network. It is primarily used when the system

requirement is for each site to be able to communicate directly with every other site. This requires every site to have

adequate RF line of sight to every other site along with the use of simplex frequencies (Rx & Tx frequencies are the same).

In this system topology, each site typically require the use of an omni directional antenna. This is to provide an even spread of

antenna gain to and from each site.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Operating Modes

Introduction

This section assumes the reader has an operational understanding of industrial Ethernet.

A typical Ethernet network consists of a number of IP devices, all which share the requirement of data communication. In

order for a pair of devices within an Ethernet based network to communicate with one another, they need to be able to

address data to a specific destination (in this case, each other).

MAC Address - MAC addresses identify Ethernet devices on a network when operating at Layer-2. All Ethernet ports in

devices have their own unique media access control (MAC) address. There are special MAC addresses used for broadcast

and Multicast messages.

IP Address - An IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., Radio, RTU, SCADA Host) participating in a

computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

An IP address serves two principal functions:

• Host or network interface identification and

• Location addressing.

Subnet - A subnet is a subdivision of an IP network. It allows a network designer to segment a large IP network into

smaller, manageable sub networks. This can assist in the allocation of IP addresses and the management of network

bandwidth.

Subnet Mask - Together with the IP address, the subnet mask is used to determine which subnet a device belongs to.

Gateway - A gateway forwards IP messages between devices on different subnets in an IP network. A gateway uses

configurable routing rules to determine where to forward an IP message.

Route - A route is a rule that indicates where an IP message needs to be sent in order to get to a specific device on an IP network.

Transparent Bridge Mode

The Q data radios can be configured to operate in a transparent bridge mode. This mode transports all data as layer 2 Ethernet

traffic over the radio network. Each radio will behave like a layer 2 Ethernet switch, transparently forwarding traffic, based on

rules, dynamically determined from device MAC addresses. Traffic can also be repeated in any one single radio in the network

using a peer to peer repeat function (an enable/disable function, typically enabled in repeaters). Each radio requires an IP

address and mask to be configured in order for a user to access radio management features (web server/Telnet/diagnostics/

etc..). The example below shows a typical PTMP/R topology, with all radios operating in bridge mode.

From an IP network perspective, each radio within the topology above, effectively looks like an Ethernet switch. See the

example below.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

18 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Router Mode

The Q data radios can also be configured to operate in router mode. Router mode provides the radio the ability to route IP

data, based on user configurable network routing rules (OSI model layer 3), between devices on different subnets.

The benefits of router mode include:

• Faster poll times

• Higher throughput

• Improved management of IP addresses

Each radio behaves as a network gateway for its corresponding subnet. This allows a network designer to segment a wide

area IP network (WAN) into smaller subnets, which minimises the amount of over the air radio traffic. Since each radio

behaves as a router, traffic will be routed (and repeated) based on user defined IP routing rules. The example below shows

how router mode segments an IP radio network into smaller subnets. Each radio has it’s own subnet, represented in the

example by dashed colored boxes.

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part D – Feature Detail

Hardware

QR150 - Half Duplex Radio

QR450 - Half Duplex Radio

Mounting Holes

• Flat panel mounting

• DIN rail mounting

Diagnostics &

Management

• Status LEDs

• RSSI output

• Factory reset button

DC Power

• 10...30 Vdc

• 5 W standby

Ethernet Ports

• 2 x 10/100 MBps

• Auto MDIX Sensing

RF Port

• Up to 10 W RF power

• High VSWR foldback

• -40...70 oC (-40...158 oF)

• Over-temperature foldback

Serial Port

• Dual RS-232 Serial Ports

• Shared on single DB-9 connector

• Break-out cable if two ports required

• RS-485 mode supported

Mounting Holes

• Flat panel mounting

• DIN rail mounting

Diagnostics &

Management

• Status LEDs

• RSSI output

• Factory reset button

DC Power

• 10...30 Vdc

• 5 W standby

Ethernet Ports

• 2 x 10/100 MBps

• Auto MDIX Sensing

RF Ports

• User-configurable Single antenna

or separate Tx/Rx antenna.

• Up to 10 W RF power

• High VSWR foldback

• -40...70 oC (-40...158 oF)

• Over-temperature foldback

Serial Port

• Dual RS-232 Serial Ports

• Shared on single DB-9 connector

• Break-out cable if two ports required

• RS-485 mode supported

Digital Inputs/Outputs

• 2 pins dedicated as

digital inputs or outputs

• Read/Write Via SNMP

USB Port

• Load configuration files

USB Port

• Load configuration files

20 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

QB150 & QB450 - Full Duplex Radio

Digital Inputs/Outputs

• 3 DI / 3 DO

• Alarm Output

• Read/Write via SNMP

General

• 19 in. 1 RU Rack mounted

• -40...70 oC (-40...158 oF) @ 100% duty cycle

• Full duplex operation

• Temperature controlled fan-forced cooling

Diagnostics &

Management

• Status LEDs

• RSSI output

• Factory reset button

Ethernet Ports

• 3 x 10/100 MBps

• Auto MDIX Sensing

RF Port

• Up to 10 W RF power

• Separate Tx/Rx connections

• High VSWR foldback

• Over-temperature foldback

Serial Port

• Dual RS-232 Serial Ports

• Shared on single DB-9 connector

• Break-out cable if two ports required

• RS-485 mode supported

USB Port

• Load configuration files

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

ARQs

Automatic Repeat reQuests (ARQs): When enabled, ARQs confirm successful reception of data transmitted over the air.

Each time a radio (originator) transmits data, the receiving radio replies with an acknowledgement back to the originator,

confirming successful reception of the data. If an acknowledgement is not received by the originator within an acceptable

time frame, the originator declares the data lost and retransmits the data. The number of retransmit attempts is user

configurable (i.e. when ARQ = 2, there will be a maximum of two retransmit attempts per message).

When Ethernet data is not successfully transmitted over a radio network (i.e. due to a data collision), Ethernet devices can

interpret this as network congestion, resulting in unnecessary slow down of SCADA polling. ARQs increase the probability of

successful transportation of data over the radio link. However, when ARQs are enabled, the capacity of the radio network is

reduced, due to the ARQ acknowledgements. As only one device can generate an acknowledgement for received data, ARQs

are not applicable to broadcast or multicast traffic

The Trio Q data radios use continuous phase

modulation (CPM) which supports up to 10

Watts of transmitter output power, even at the

fastest RF data rate.

This avoids the need to compromise on range

when operating at the fastest speeds. Two

different radio variants and modulation types

are available, depending on the regulatory

requirements (FCC or ACMA/ETSI).

• TBURQxxxx-E00xxxxxx: ‘E’ denotes ACMA/ETSI

• TBURQxxxx-F00xxxxxx: ‘F’ denotes FCC

Contact your local sales representative if you

need to confirm the applicable model for your

regulatory region.

Efficiency and Bandwidth

Host Application to Entry

Point

Entry Point to Remote Remote to RTU

SCADA POLL SCADA POLL SCADA POLL

ARQ ACK

(ARQ flag enabled)

RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE

(ARQ flag enabled)

ARQ ON

Typical data transaction with ARQ enabled

ARQ ON

ARQ ACK

The example below shows the ARQ behavior between a pair of radios during a typical data transaction.

Part D – Feature Detail

Regulatory

Region

Channel

Bandwidth (KHz)

RF Speed

(Kbps)

BER threshold (10^6)

VHF (150) UHF (450)

FCC/IC

12.5

-113

-111

-108

-100

-113

-110

-107

-100

ACMA/

ETSI

12.5

-113

-111

-108

-100

-113

-110

-107

-100

-109

-107

-105

-98

-111

-109

-106

-99

RF Speeds and Sensitivity

22 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Host Application to Entry

Point

Entry Point to Remote Remote to RTU

SCADA POLL

ARQ ACK RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE

SCADA POLL Lost

ARQ ON

Automatic Retry Example

ARQ ON

ARQ ACK

The example below shows the ARQ behavior between a pair of radios when a packet is lost during a transmission (ARQ =1).

SCADA POLL

Acknowledgement wait time

ARQ ON

SCADA POLL

(Automatic Retry)

The radio will wait 500ms for an acknowledgement, before sending an automatic retry. It is recommended

that the SCADA host poll response time out time is configured to be a minimum of 3 seconds.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Dynamic Speed Selection

Traditional narrow band SCADA data radios achieved wireless communication over long distances by transmitting at low

RF data rates (typically 9600bps or less). Modern SCADA systems require faster RF data rates, due to the need to support

additional traffic for Ethernet and IP. However, reliable transmission over long distances at faster RF data rates, can be difficult

to achieve.

To assist in reliable data transmission over long distances at faster RF data rates, the Trio Q data radios utilise dynamic speed

selection. Dynamic speed selection provides the following enhancements:

• Operation at the fastest possible RF speeds

• Measurement of Quality of Service - QoS (success of data delivery to other end) and

• Automatically adjusting to a slower RF speed to improve quality, if QoS is inadequate

Dynamic speed selection is individual for each remote in a point to multipoint (PTMP) system. Should one remote need to

operate at a slower RF speed due to limited received RF signal, others will continue to operate at the fastest possible RF

speed as dictated by their own received RF signal strength for that specific site.

RF Data Rate vs RF Sensitivity

As stated earlier in this section, Trio Q Data Radios have four different RF speeds for each channel bandwidth selection

(12.5kHz or 25kHz). Each RF speed has a corresponding receiver 1 x 10-6 BER (Bit Error Rate) sensitivity. The slower the RF

speed, the better RF sensitivity, and therefore the longer the range for a given level of reliability.

Very High Speed

High Speed

Medium Speed

Low Speed

Dynamic Speed Selection Example

The further away from the master station, the weaker the received signal.

Slower RF speeds are required for an acceptable level of reliability

The further away from the master station, the weaker the received signal. Slower RF speeds are required for an acceptable

level of reliability.

Consider the example shown in the diagram above. An entry point / base station is located in a fixed position. When

communicating with a remote radio, RF energy between the two radios diminishes in strength as the signal propagates over

distance.

Part D – Feature Detail

In a system with out dynamic RF speed selection, the user would need to configure a suitable fixed RF speed, dependent on

the signal strength at the remote site. In most applications, a minimum of 20dB fade margin is recommended for reliable

operation (due to rain fades, cable degradation, multipath fading, etc). If the remote radio is fixed at a specific RF speed,

then in order to maintain a received signal 20dB above the 1E-6 BER sensitivity (20dB fade margin), the user would need to

decrease the RF speed when the receiving radio is further away from the transmitter. This is depicted in the diagram above

by the concentric rings showing what RF speed can needs to be selected in order to maintain a 20dB fade margin.

24 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Consider now, in the below example where dynamic RF speed selection is enabled. Now that the receiving radio can adjust

its RF speed dynamically, a faster RF speed can be chosen for normal operation. Even though the faster RF speed will not

provide 20dB of fade margin, the system is still reliable because dynamic speed selection will drop down in RF speed when a

signal fade occurs.

Part D – Feature Detail

• Multiple different RF speeds can be

utilised simultaneously, as dictated by

the site distance from the base station.

• Each site will operated at the fastest

possible RF speed.

• Older technology can only operate at the

same fixed RF speed, normally dictated by

the site requiring the longest range.

• All other sites are compromised by having

to operate at the slower RF speed

Dynamic Speed - No Obstructions

Old Technology - No Obstructions

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

• Radios which detect reduced QoS

(Quality of Service) can increase

reliability by dynamically reducing

their RF speed to the base station.

• Sites which are not impacted by

reduced QoS remain unchanged.

• Older technology does not have the

ability to monitor the radio link QoS

or dynamically adjust the over the air

data rate, which can result in loss of

communications.

Part D – Feature Detail

Dynamic speed selection derives QoS from both RSSI (Received Signal Strength) and ARQ performance in order to maintain a

radio link operating at the fastest speed possible for the given quality of the link.

Each radio stores a table of destination MAC addresses vs fastest RF speed in a dynamic speed cache, using information learned

from previous transactions over the air. In this way, the radio dynamically learns what RF speed should be chosen for a transmission.

Should the transmission generate an ARQ, the radio will drop down in RF speed to improve reliability of data delivery.

In the event that radio has not yet learnt the fastest RF speed for a destination MAC, the message will be transmitted out at

the slowest RF speed in the given bandwidth, to provide the highest sensitivity, and therefore the highest reliability.

As broadcast and multicast addresses are potentially destined for multiple radios these types messages will always be

transmitted at the slowest speed. The following diagrams show how the RF data rate can be influenced by obstructions:

Dynamic Speed - With Obstructions

Old Technology - With Obstructions

26 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Dynamic Speed Cache

The dynamic speed cache is used by a radio to record specific external values that are learnt. These values are then used by

other processes within the radio (such as dynamic speed and ARQ) to help ensure that optimum performance is achieved

over the radio channel.

External values that are learnt are shown in the table below.

Remote Host MAC Associated Radio Serial Number RSSI level

Remote Host MAC: The MAC address of a device which is connected to a remote radio.

Associated Radio Serial Number: The Unique ID of a remote radio with which the Remote Host Device/MAC is associated with.

RSSI level: The signal strength received from the radio specified within the associated radio serial number field.

A typical data packet structure is shown below. (For the purposes of this example, the preamble, Ethernet type and CRC

fields have been excluded.)

Data packets sent over the air between radios have an additional field appended. An example is shown below.

Destination MAC Source MAC Datagram

Radio Headers

Source Radio

Serial Number ARQ Flag

Destination MAC Source MAC Datagram

Part D – Feature Detail

Consider now, in the below example where dynamic RF speed selection is enabled. Now that the receiving radio can adjust

its RF speed dynamically, a faster RF speed can be chosen for normal operation. Even though the faster RF speed will not

provide 20dB of fade margin, the system is still reliable because dynamic speed selection will drop down in RF speed when a

signal fade occurs.

Dynamic speed selection derives QoS from both RSSI (Received Signal Strength) and ARQ performance in order to maintain a

radio link operating at the fastest speed possible for the given quality of the link. The two influencing factors are:

Each radio stores a table of destination MAC addresses vs fastest RF speed in a dynamic speed cache, using information

learned from previous transactions over the air. In this way, the radio dynamically learns what RF speed should be chosen for

a transmission. Should the transmission generate an ARQ, the radio will drop down in RF speed to improve reliability of data

delivery.

In the event that radio has not yet learnt the fastest RF speed for a destination MAC, the message will be transmitted out at

the slowest RF speed in the given bandwidth, to provide the highest sensitivity, and therefore the highest reliability.

As broadcast and multicast addresses are potentially destined for multiple radios these types messages will always be

transmitted at the slowest speed.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

E-Series Emulation Mode

The Q data radios can be configured to operate in E-Series emulation mode. This can allow the replacement of existing

E-Series radio networks to be upgraded to Q data radio systems at a pace the user defines.

E-Series Emulation Mode can provide:

• A cost effective upgrade to a Q data radio network

• Minimise SCADA connectivity downtime during an upgrade

• A greater subset of features once the radio network is fully upgraded, as E-Series emulation mode is a user

configurable feature.

The diagram below shows how an existing E-Series radio system can be progressively upgraded to a Q data radio system by

replacing E-Series radios ‘One by One’ with Q data radios operating in E-Series emulation mode.

Once all E-Series have been replaced, the Q data radios may be re-configured to operate in Q mode, to provide advanced

features and functionalities of the Q data radios.

Part D – Feature Detail

28 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Introduction

In many SCADA and remote Telemetry applications, there exists the potential for over the air data collisions between radios.

This can occur when multiple asynchronous data traffic is present on the radio channel, such as SCADA polling, SCADA

exception reports, SNMP traps, pings and ARP requests.

In two frequency systems, collisions may occur on the receive channel of an Entry Point or Repeater radio, due to two or

more remotes transmitting simultaneously. If this occurs, the radio will receive a corrupted message from both radios and a

re-try will be required. Similarly, in simplex (single frequency) systems, collisions may occur on any receiving radio when two

or more radio transmit simultaneously.

In two frequency systems, collision avoidance minimises the chance of collisions by configuring one radio, as the collision

avoidance master, which informs remote radios when the master’s receive RF channel is busy. Remotes will check whether

the master is allowing access to the channel before a transmission occurs. If the channel is free, the remote will transmit. If

the channel is busy, the remote will buffer the message and execute a small random delay (in case multiple remotes have

data to send), then attempt to access the channel again. By avoiding collisions the SCADA system is able to operate more

efficiently, with fewer retries. Similarly, in simplex (single frequency) systems, remote radios can detect when the Entry Point

or Repeater radio is transmitting, and wait for it finish, before transmitting itself.

For two frequency systems, there are two different modes of collision avoidance:

• Carrier Detect - Remote radios in a carrier detect collision avoidance system, listen for a transmission (carrier)

from the collision avoidance master, to determine if the collision avoidance master is currently busy receiving a

transmission from another remote. When the collision avoidance master receives a transmission from a remote, it

activates its own transmitter, indicating to all other remotes that the channel is busy.

In this mode of operation, remote radios can not distinguish between the collision avoidance master transmitting data

and the collision avoidance master indicating the channel is busy.

Carrier Detect Mode can also be used without a collision avoidance master. This is typically implemented in simplex

systems, or systems with a small number of remotes.

• Digital - Remote radios in a digital collision avoidance system, monitor a channel busy flag in the digital data stream

transmitted from the collision avoidance master to determine if the collision avoidance master is currently busy

receiving a transmission from another remote. When the collision avoidance master receives a transmission from a

remote, it activates its own transmitter and sets the channel busy flag, indicating to all other remote the channel is

busy. However, unlike carrier detect mode, if the collision avoidance master needs to transmit data to remotes, it can

do so and clear the channel busy flag.

In this mode of operation, remote radios can distinguish between the collision avoidance master transmitting data and

the collision avoidance master indicating the channel is busy. Even if the collision avoidance master is transmitting

data, a remote radio can transmit data back to the collision avoidance master. In this way the radio system can fully

utilise the full duplex capabilities of the Entry Point or the Repeater (collision avoidance master). The channel busy

flag consumes a small amount of bandwidth in the collision avoidance master to remote direction. However, as this

direction is one to many, it has negligible impact on radio network capacity.

Digital can be used in two frequency, PTMP and PTMP/R system topologies where the Entry Point or Repeater is full

duplex. It is not available in simplex systems, or where the Entry Point/Repeater is half duplex or in PTMP via multiple

Repeaters system topologies.

Collision Avoidance

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Data waiting to be

transmitted

Is C/A busy

flag set?

No Transmit data to

C/A master

Yes

Wait a random

time

Collision avoidance operational examples:

Collision avoidance (C/A) has a number of user configurable parameters. These parameters work together with the specific

mode of C/A chosen to minimise the number of collisions on the radio channel. Interaction of these parameters in C/A is best

explained by reviewing the operational flow charts for common C/A configurations.

Digital Collision Avoidance Example 1

This flow chart shows the C/A operation in a remote

radio with the following configuration:

• C/A: Digital

• Backoff Method: Retry After Tx attempt

• Backoff time:

- Max Slots: 16

- Slot Time: 20ms

• Data Priority: Tx Data

As it is possible that there may be more than one radio waiting to transmit data to the C/A master, a random wait time is

applied, to avoid two radios waiting the same time, retrying and then colliding. There are multiple configurable parameters

involved in when the wait time is applied and what amount of time is waited.

• Backoff Method - Defines ‘when’ a radio will implement the backoff time. In this example, the backoff method is

configured to ‘Retry After Tx Attempt’. If the C/A busy flag is clear, the remote will transmit data immediately. If the

C/A busy flag is set, the remote will wait a random Backoff time and try again.

The Backoff time is calculated by choosing a random number between 1 and ‘Max Slots’ (in this example 16) and multiplying

the number by the ‘Slot Time’ (in this example 20ms). In any remote radio, a smaller number of ‘Max Slots’ and ‘Slot Time’

can be configured to reduce the random Backoff time, which will increase the rate at which the radio checks the C/A busy

flag. In effect, a radio with a smaller backoff time has a higher probability of transmitting its data first, in a situation where

multiple remote radios are waiting for access the channel.

As the data priority is configured for Tx Data, the radio will transmit data even when an incoming data packet it being

received.

This collision avoidance configuration provides maximum radio channel efficiency and are recommended when there is

multiple asynchronous data traffic on the radio channel.

When data is ready to be transmitted, the remote radio

checks the C/A busy flag to see if it is set (i.e. is the C/A

master receiver busy). If the C/A busy flag is clear, the

data is transmitted to the C/A master. If the C/A busy

flag is set, the radio waits a random time before trying

again.

Part D – Feature Detail

30 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Digital Collision Avoidance Example 2

This flow chart shows the C/A operation in a remote

radio with the following configuration:

• C/A: Digital

• Backoff Method: Delay Before Tx attempt

• Backoff time:

- Max Slots: 16

- Slot Time: 20ms

• Data Priority: Tx Data

Data waiting to be

transmitted

Wait a random

time

Is C/A busy

flag set?

Transmit data to

C/A master

Yes

Rx data ‘Priority’:

In PTMP/R system topologies, where the Entry Point radio is half duplex, the configuration of Rx data priority may be required.

This is particularly useful for asynchronous traffic, such as a combination of SCADA exception reporting and polling. In this

scenario, the probability that a data packet currently being receive by the Entry Point radio is for the Entry Point radio and not

for a remote, is high. Therefore, without Rx data priority, incoming packets to the Entry Point radio would be lost if priority was

given to transmitting packets.

The primary difference when compared to example 1, is that the radio applies the random wait time before any attempt is

made to check the C/A busy flag.

This collision avoidance configuration provides maximum radio channel efficiency when there is synchronous data traffic on

the radio channel (i.e. GPS timing, synchronous exception reports) .

When data is ready to be transmitted, the remote radio

waits a random time before checking the C/A busy flag

to see if it is set (i.e. is the C/A master receiver busy). If

the C/A busy flag is clear, the data is transmitted to the

C/A master. If the C/A busy flag is set, the radio repeats

the wait time and tries again.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Compression

The radio can apply compression to the payload of an IP packet, prior to transmitting it over the air. It can take upto 2 ms for

the payload to be run through the compressor. Generally, once the payload has run through the compressor, the payload

becomes smaller in size, reducing the amount of packets required to be transmitted, therefore, reducing over-all latency.

In some circumstance, the payload data can be ‘un-compressable’, meaning, once the payload has been run through the

compressor, the payload is mostly the same size it was to begin with. This results in no reduced packet size being sent over

the air, therfore, the time it took to run the payload through the comrpessor, will be added to the over-all latency. As this is

only approximatley 2 ms, it can be considered neglegable when compared with the over-all latency of the radio link.

The default and reccommended setting for compression is “Low”.

Ethernet Filtering

Ethernet filtering provides an easy to configure Layer 2 filtering mechanism, which can help prevent unnecessary Ethernet traffic

and increasing channel loading. There are various different addressing methodologies that can be filtered, which include:

Unicast:

Unicast is an addressing methodology that delivers messages to a single network destination

identified by a unique address.

Multicast:

Multicast is an addressing methodology that delivers messages to a group of destination addresses

simultaneously in a single transmission. Spanning tree messages are an example of multicast

messages.

Broadcast:

Broadcast is an addressing methodology that delivers messages to every device on a network. The

broadcast address of a device is calculated from the subnet mask. If all devices within a network use a

common network mask, the broadcast address will also be common.

Although typical SCADA applications only require Unicast & ARP data, the filtering mechanism provides the option to allow:

• All Ethernet traffic

• ARP + Unicast + Multicast (Although Spanning tree messages are multicast messages, they are also filtered out unless

the user is allowing all Ethernet traffic to pass. This also helps to prevent unnecessary channel loading.)

• ARP + Unicast (ARP is primarily used by networks to identify which physical devices own which IP addresses, Enabled

by default).

• Unicast only (Only used when a MAC address table is statically assigned).

• Or allow traffic from a single MAC address only.

Part D – Feature Detail

32 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Connectivity

Embedded Serial Device Server

A serial device server can perform two tasks:

• Encapsulate serial data within IP headers to allow transportation of the serial data over a LAN/WAN.

• Take IP encapsulated serial data, strip off the IP headers and output the raw serial data.

Normally, systems require a standalone device server to integrate external serial devices at remotes sites into a managed LAN/

WAN. Q data radios provide the functionality of two embedded device servers which avoids the requirement for an external

device server. The example below shows a traditional IP radio, Ethernet to serial topology, using an external device server.

In a system that requires a serial connection to a remote end device and an Ethernet connection at the Host application end,

the device server should be enabled within the remote radio. When the embedded device server is enabled, the remote radio

provides the same functionality as if there was an external device server at the remote site. This functionality is also available

in a PTMP system.

Device Server mode provides an easily configurable mechanism for transporting serial traffic that does not have any built-in

addressing. The benefit of the device server feature is that device addressing can be performed using IP addresses for non-

addressable serial protocols, without the need for external terminal servers or managing serial devices using the IP address of

the remote radio.

Features of the embedded serial device server include:

• Support for two independent fully configurable serial device servers.

• Support for three transport protocols: TCP, UDP and PPP.

• Support for three modes of TCP operation: Client mode, Server mode and Client/Server mode.

• User-configurable port numbers.

• Support for up to 4 simultaneous TCP connections (sockets) when operating in server mode.

The diagram below shows a typical setup using the device server functionality in remote radios.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Embedded MODBUS Gateway

Q data radios have an embedded MODBUS Gateway feature that can be enabled to function like an external MODBUS

gateway. The MODBUS gateway is a protocol converter between MODBUS/TCP and MODBUS RTU protocols. The gateway is

an addition to the Device Server feature on the legacy serial port.

When operating in MODBUS gateway mode, the remote radio provides the same functionality as if there was an external

MODBUS gateway at each remote site of the system. In traditional systems, standalone MODBUS gateways were required to

convert the IP MODBUS TCP protocol to MODBUS RTU, the example below shows a traditional MODBUS TCP system using a

stand-alone MODBUS gateway at each remote site.

When operating in MODBUS gateway mode, the remote radio provides the same functionality as if there was an external

MODBUS gateway at each remote site.

Features of the embedded MODBUS gateway include:

• Support for two independent fully configurable MODBUS gateways.

• Support for two transport protocols: TCP and UDP.

• Support for two modes of TCP operation: Client mode and Server mode.

• User-configurable port numbers.

• Support for up to 16 simultaneous TCP connections (sockets) when operating in server mode.

MODBUS gateway mode provides an easily configurable mechanism for transporting serial traffic over an IP network (LAN/

WAN). A benefit of the MODBUS gateway feature is that the limitation of MODBUS addressing (0-255) can be ignored as

the IP address of the radio can be used giving unlimited addresses to external equipment such as RTUs or PLCs. Below is

an example of a typical system using the MODBUS gateway (remote) feature at each remote site to avoid the limitation of

MODBUS addressing.

Part D – Feature Detail

34 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Network Address Translation (NAT) provides a radio in IP routing mode, the ability to perform local port forwarding. Port

forwarding can be beneficial in a network where:

- An IP network has run out of available IP addresses.

- Multiple devices co-exist on a single IP network while sharing the same IP address.

In a standard IP routing radio network, each radio behaves as a network gateway to each of the local subnets. This type of

network consists of:

- A number of LANs: These are the subnetworks residing on the local side of each radio gateway. To subnet these

networks, each LAN requires a uniquely allocated IP range.

- A single Radio WAN: Each radio gateway is configured with a unique WAN address. This creates a subnetwork for the

radio channel.

NAT port forwarding can eliminate the requirement for unique addressing within the LAN subnets by translating the source

address of message sent from a device residing on the LAN with the address allocated to the radio router’s WAN network.

Devices residing on a local subnet will no longer be addressed by their unique IP address, rather, the IP address of the radio

gateway along with a unique port number.

When port forwarding is being configured, each IP device within a local network is allocated one port number on the radio

gateway and a port forwarding rule is entered into the gateway to define:

Gateway Listening Port - The port number which has been allocated to a single device on the radio gateways LAN.

When a message addresses this port number and forwarded to the radio gateway, the corresponding port forwarding rule will

be executed.

IP address and port number of the allocated device - When the Gateway Listening Port is addressed, the corresponding

rule is executed, where the message address will be translated to the IP address and port number defined in these rule

parameters.

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

VLAN can help provide isolation between separate entities who share a single network.

For example, Department A may require access to radio configuration/Diagnostics, while Department B may only requires

access to SCADA information. By implementing VLAN, a virtual network segregation can be implemented to help isolate each

of the departments from one another.

The following diagram shows managed switches placing separate hosts onto unique VLANs. Each remote has been

configured to use VLAN 1 on the ETH1 interface, which provides access to radio services, and VLAN 2 for the ETH2 interface

for SCADA control access.

Part D – Feature Detail

[VLAN 1] Network Management

[VLAN 2] SCADA Control

Un-Tagged packets

ETH1

Network

Management

SCADA

Control

ETH2

Ethernet

Switch

WAN

Ethernet

Switch

ETH1 Optional connection for

radio system diagnostics

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Ease of Use

Alarms and Events

The Q data radio can be configured to monitor specific diagnostic values and raise alarms or record events (i.e DC volts, Tx Power,

etc). The radio’s active condition can be evaluated by observing the event history and alarm states.

Event History

The events window displays the history of each event that has occurred. Each event contains a time/date stamp, an event ID, the

severity level and a description of the event. Reviewing the event history can also help in fault diagnosis.

Alarm States

Alarms can be displayed in the following states: Disabled, Normal, Recovered, Warning or Critical.

Warning state thresholds for some alarms can be configured to best suit user requirements. This can provide early detection and

notification before an issue becomes critical (i.e. Damaged antenna, lost power/battery backup, etc).

Alarm state changes can also be subscribed to by notification services such as SNMP and digital outputs.

Part D – Feature Detail

36 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

SNMP Diagnostics

The Q data radio can provide SNMP diagnostic data via an internal SNMP agent. The radio supports SNMP v1 & v2c along with

notifications which includes traps and informs. SNMP facilities include RFC1213, Ethernet diagnostics and radio diagnostics

The features and benefits of SNMP diagnostics include:

• SNMP messages/notifications that can be sent to Clear SCADA or SNMP management software.

• SNMP notifications that provide real time alarm detection reporting.

• Helping to eliminate the need for radio polling.

• Radios that can send diagnostic information via SNMP periodically (diagnostics heartbeat).

MIB files made available by Schneider Electric may be imported into most major SNMP Management consoles. These .MIB

files define the contents of the SNMP parameters including a description for each parameter. The parameters are sorted into

six distinct groups: General, Radio, Security, LAN, Error and Notification.

SNMP Notifications

The Q data radio have the capability to send SNMP notifications. An SNMP notification is a message to inform a user that

a radio state has changed. These states include: input voltage, temperature, Tx power, etc. There are two types of SNMP

notifications available: traps and informs.

• A trap is a single UDP message that is sent from the Q data radios to a user defined SNMP manger.

• An inform is still a UDP message, however, an inform requests a response to the UDP message sent. This allows retries

and time outs to be used within the radio.

QR that has fallen onto

battery backup voltage.

An SNMP notification has

been sent to the SNMP

management software.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Web User Interface (WUI)

Q data radios provide a graphical Web User Interface (WUI) which can be accessed by a web browser to perform

configuration changes. This helps to eliminate the requirement for stand-alone configuration software to be installed on a PC.

Text User Interface (TUI)

The text user interface (TUI) provides an alternative to the HTML web user interface for configuration and diagnostics. The

TUI can be accessed directly from the serial port of the Q data radio or via a Telnet or SSH session. The TUI is enabled on

COM 1 by default, while Telnet is also enabled by default, however, this requires an Ethernet connection. Access to the TUI

via the serial port is useful if you have forgotten the IP address of the radio you are trying to configure or diagnose.

Part D – Feature Detail

38 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Diagnostics Tools

The Q data radios provide SNMP access to radio diagnostics as well as providing embedded (web) diagnostics and

commissioning features.

Radio Diagnostics:

The Q data radios include the ability for installers

to review useful radio & Ethernet diagnostics

parameters. The parameters include unit specific

(date & time), network specific (Ethernet traffic)

and radio specific parameters (Tx Power, DC volts,

etc). Diagnostics can be accessed via the web user

Interface or using the TVIEW+ Diagnostics suite (via

eDiags) or via serial console (COM 1 enabled by

default). Diagnostics can also be accessed via SNMP.

Statistics Log:

The Q data radios include the ability to measure and

record radio diagnostics and performance statistics

over a period of time. This facility is known as the

statistics log. The statistics log can be configured to

display/log data at a low, medium or high frequency

depending on a user’s requirements and can also be

saved to a CSV file for further analysis.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Broadcast Firmware Upgrades

The TView+ Management Suite provides an over-the-air firmware update tool for Q Data radios. The firmware update feature

is speed-limited to help prevent RF channel congestion and can broadcast to all of the remotes within a Q data radio system.

Broadcasting to all remotes has the benefit of upgrading the alternative firmware pack in many radios simultaneously, without

the need to send firmware to each remote radio individually. Due to the speed-limiting of the firmware upgrade process,

SCADA data will not be blocked or interfered with while firmware packs are being transferred.

Each radio stores two sets of firmware. The current firmware pack is the firmware the radio is running from. The alternative

firmware pack is a secondary (optional) area where alternative firmware can be stored. When the alternative firmware pack

has been updated, it can then be activated which moves the alternative firmware into the current firmware pack area, and

causes the radio to reboot using the new firmware.

The firmware upgrade tool also provides the capability of individual activation or group activation, depending on user

preference. Firmware upgrades are typically done using “patch” files where only the difference between the current and

target firmware is actually sent. This reduces the over the air transmission of firmware data by up to 90%

See Part J for detailed information on this topic.

Packet Transmission Testing:

When commissioning a radio link, it is useful to generate Ethernet traffic to test the link for functional performance. One

method of generating traffic is using the “ping” utility provided on MS Windows based operating systems. Another method is

to perform a packet transmission test. This can be done using the “Packet Transmission Test” facility provided in the radio.

To perform the test, the user specifies the destination radio or Ethernet device IP address, number of packets to send, time

between packets (in milliseconds), packet length (in bytes), timeout and time between page refreshing. The test facility will

then execute the test and provide the results, which can then form part of the commissioning process.

Part D – Feature Detail

40 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Trio E-Series Emulation Mode

Trio Q data radios can be configured to operate in E-Series mode. This can help a user to determine the length of time a full

system upgrade will take. See the examples below:

Typical E-Series system - Stage 1

The diagram below shows a typical E-Series system.

E-Series system upgrade - Stage 2

New installations or replacements of E-Series radios can be performed with Q data radios operating in E-Series compatibility

mode. This allows for a controlled and steady system upgrade. The diagram below shows Q data radios operating within an

E-Series system.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Switch system to Q Mode - Stage 3

Once all E-Series have been replaced, the Q data radios may be re-configured to operate in Q mode, to provide advanced

features and functionalities of the Q data radios.

Part D – Feature Detail

42 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Unsecured Network

• SSH will help to prevent “man in the

middle” attacks over Insecure networks.

• All traffic between the client and TUI is

encrypted.

Network Management PC

• Running SSH client software (i.e. Putty) which

authenticates with the SSH server (i.e. remote

radio).

• Authentication occurs by comparing device

fingerprint with fingerprint stored in client’s register.

• Once the SSH server is authenticated, the SSH

client will establish an encrypted terminal session

with the TUI (Text User Interface) that allows for

configuration and diagnostics.

Remote Devices

• Embedded Secure Shell (SSH) server provides

access to the text user interface.

• Encryption will be used to communicate with an

SSH client during a configuration session.

• Once an SSH client has established a session to

the SSH server, the client will not be granted access

to the configuration until the pre-configured user

name and password has been entered.

Secure Shell (SSH)

SSH provides a secure and authenticated method for remotely accessing the Q data radios text user interface (TUI) for

configuration and diagnostics.

To access Q data radios via SSH, the network management PC requires an SSH-capable program (i.e.: Putty).

All traffic over the SSH connection is encrypted.

During the first connection to the SSH terminal software, a “fingerprint” of the remote device is taken and stored on the

Network Management PC. This allows for authentication in the future.

The SSH session also requires the user to enter a user name and password for authorised access to the TUI.

SSH example:

Security

Password protection and User Administration

Multiple users can be created and managed with different configuration privilege levels.

The different privilege access levels include: Unrestricted, Read/Write/Security, Read/Write, Read Only.

For more detail refer to Part H ‘User Administration’.

Configuration information can be protected by a user-defined login name and password. When a password is set, the

programmer will request the password each time the radio is read. No configuration information can be displayed or changed

without the entry of the correct password.

AES encryption

The 256-bit AES encryption feature can provide an encrypted channel that helps to prevent eaves-dropping and snooping.

The effort for configuration is minimal as the radio automatically adjusts, to keep packet transport compatible (i.e.: MODBUS

messages are not broken up). Enabling encryption requires additional overhead depending on packet sizes being sent.

Part D – Feature Detail

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

HTTP Secure (HTTPS)

HTTPS provides a secure and authenticated method for remotely accessing the Q data radios Web User Interface (WUI) for

configuration and diagnostics.

To access the Q data radios via HTTPS, use a web browser which has HTTPS capabilities. Common web browsers which

provide HTTPS capabilities include: Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome.

The HTTPS client (web browser) will request a digitally-signed certificate from the HTTPS server (Q data radios) to help

ensure that the target device is authentic.

All traffic over the HTTPS connection is encrypted.

Two methods of certificate management are available: Self-signed certificates generated by the radio itself or the use of

certificates generated by external certificate servers.

Unsecured Network

• SSH will help to prevent “man in the

middle” attacks over Insecure networks.

• All traffic between the client and TUI is

encrypted.

Network Management Server

• Using HTTPS Protocol, the Web Browser connects

to the target remote radio web server.

• The web browser uses digitally-signed certificates

to confirm the identity of the remote device.

• The web browser will have a list of trusted

Certification Authorities. If the Certificate is not

signed from a trusted CA, a message will be

displayed.

• Remote certificate is compared with local copy (or

with copy on certificate server).

• If certificates don’t match (or don’t exist) a

message is displayed.

• If certificates match then messages are not

displayed.

Remote Devices

• Remote devices can be configured to enable

HTTP and HTTPS separately.

• Certificates can be self-signed (generated by

the Q data radios radio itself) or 3rd-party

certificates can be used.

Part D – Feature Detail

44 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

Obstructed Radio Path

This path has an obstruction that will reduce the signal

arriving at the field site.

Understanding RF Path Requirements

A radio modem needs a minimum amount of received

RF signal to operate reliably and provide adequate data

throughput.

In most cases, spectrum regulatory authorities will

also define or limit the amount of signal that can be

transmitted, and the transmitted power will decay with

distance and other factors, as it moves away from the

transmitting antenna.

It follows, therefore, that for a given transmission level,

there will be a finite distance at which a receiver can

operate reliably with respect to the transmitter.

Apart from signal strength reduction due to distance,

other factors that will decay a signal include obstructions

(hills, buildings, foliage), horizon (effectively the bulge

between two points on the earth), and factors such as

fog, heavy rain-bursts, dust storms, etc.

In order to ascertain the available RF coverage from a

transmitting station, it will be necessary to consider these

factors. This can be done in a number of ways, including

(a) Using basic formulas to calculate the theoretically

available signal - allowing only for free space loss

due to distance,

(b) Using sophisticated software to build earth

terrain models and apply other correction factors

such as earth curvature and the effects of

obstructions, and

It is good design practice to consider the results of at

least two of these models to design a radio path.

Clear line of sight

Radio path with good signal levels, attenuated only by

free space loss.

Radio Path analysis

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Effect of Earth Curvature on Long Paths

This path requires greater mast height to offset the earth curvature experienced at such a distance (73km).

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

46 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

BER & Fade Margin

The BER specification used by the Q data radios

shows ‘1 x 10E -6 BER’. This means one bit of data

in a million bits of data will error at the BER threshold

level. The BER threshold values can vary depending

on the over the air data rate (RF speed). The BER

thresholds can be found in the table shown.

Fade Margin is the amount by which a received

signal level may be reduced without causing system

performance to fall below a specified threshold

value, in this case, the specified threshold value is

defined by the radio’s Bit Error Rate (BER).

20dB to 30dB fade margins are typical design

targets, however, 15dB may still be acceptable if

this is all that is possible.

Fade margin is required to maintain the radio link quality if the signal fades, factors that can influence signal fading include:

• Reflections

• Rain

• Maintenance Issues

When a Q data radio system is configured for Dynamic mode, the 20 dB (typical) fade margin calculation may be performed

using the lowest data rate, for best receiver sensitivity. (8 kbps in a 12.5 kHz channel or 14 kbps in a 25 kHz channel) This

helps to ensure that a strong reliable path when conditions are poor.

The amount of fade margin a radio link has can be calculated by performing a theoretical system gain calculation.

Factors that can influence system gain include: Tx power of Transmitting Radio, Coaxial Cable, Antenna Gains, Free Space

Loss, Rx sensitivity of receiving radio. See the example below.

The example is showing the factors within a radio link that can influence the signal strength of the transmitting radio at the

receiving radio (total system gain). Once the total system gain is calculated, the result is -88 dB. This means the received

signal strength (RSSI) at the receiving radio should be -88dBm.

As the BER threshold of the receiving radio is at -113 dBm, with an RSSI value of -88, the fade margin, before 1 bit in a

million bits of data become lost, is 25 dB. In other words, the RSSI level at the receiving radio can fluctuate up to -25 dB

before data loss may start to occur in over the air transmissions.

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

Total System Gain = -88 dB

BER = -113 dBm @ 10 ^ 6

Fade Margin = + 25 dB

Receiving Radio

BER = -113 dBm @ 10 ^ 6

Transmitting Radio

Regulatory

Region

Channel

Bandwidth (KHz)

RF Speed

(Kbps)

BER threshold (10^6)

VHF (150) UHF (450)

FCC/IC

12.5

-113

-111

-108

-100

-113

-110

-107

-100

ACMA/

ETSI

12.5

-113

-111

-108

-100

-113

-110

-107

-100

-109

-107

-105

-98

-111

-109

-106

-99

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Radio Accessories

Antennas

Antenna Placement

When mounting the antenna, it is necessary to consider

the following criteria:

The mounting structure will need to be solid enough to

withstand additional loading on the antenna mount due to

extreme wind, ice or snow (and in some cases, large birds).

For Omni directional antennas, it is necessary to consider

the effect of the mounting structure (tower mast or

building) on the radiation pattern. Close-in structures,

particularly steel structures, can alter the radiation

pattern of the antenna. Where possible, Omni antennas

should be mounted on the top of the mast or pole

to minimise this effect. If this is not possible, mount

the antenna on a horizontal outrigger to get it at least

1-2m (3-6 ft) away from the structure. When mounting

on buildings, a small mast or pole, 2-4m (6-12ft) can

significantly improve the radiation pattern by providing

clearance from the building structure.

For directional antennas, it is generally only necessary to

consider the structure in relation to the forward radiation

pattern of the antenna, unless the structure is metallic,

and of a solid nature. In this case it is also prudent to

position the antenna as far away from the structure as is

practical. With directional antennas, it is also necessary

to ensure that the antenna cannot move in such a way

that the directional beamwidth will be affected. For long

YAGI antennas, it is often necessary to install a fibreglass

strut to stabilise the antenna under windy conditions.

Antenna Gain

By compressing the transmission energy into a disc or

beam, the antenna provides more energy (a stronger

signal) in that direction, and thus is said to have a

performance “gain” over a basic Omni antenna. Gain

is usually expressed in dBd, which is referenced to a

standard folded dipole. Gain can also be expressed

in dBi, which is referenced to a theoretical “isotropic”

radiator. Either way, if you intend to send and receive

signals from a single direction, there is advantage in

using a directional antenna - due to the increased signal

in the wanted direction, and the relatively decreased

signal in the unwanted direction (i.e. “Interference

rejection” properties).

There are basically two types of antennas –

omnidirectional and directional.

Omnidirectional antennas are designed to radiate signal

in a 360 degrees segment around the antenna. Basic

short range antennas such as folded dipoles and ground

independent whips are used to radiate the signal in a

“ball” shaped pattern. High gain Omni antennas such as

the “co-linear” compress the sphere of energy into the

horizontal plane, providing a relatively flat “disc” shaped

pattern which goes further because all of the energy is

radiated in the horizontal plane.

Directional antennas are designed to concentrate the signal

into a “beam” of energy for transmission in a single direction

(i.e. For point-to-point or remote to base applications).

Beamwidths vary according to the antenna type, and so can

be selected to suit design requirements. The most common

directional antenna is the YAGI, which offers usable beam

widths of 15-40 degrees. Higher “gain” is available using

parabolic “dish” type antennas such as gridpacks.

Connecting Antennas and RF Feeders

The RF antenna system should be installed in

accordance with the manufacturer’s notes. Consider

the antenna gain when setting transmit power on the

radio. EIRP limits will vary depending on your geographic

location. Check with your local authority to ensure that

you are abiding to the local laws.

Alignment of Directional Antennas

This is generally performed by altering the alignment of the

antenna whilst measuring the received signal strength. If the

signal is weak, it may be necessary to pre-align the antenna

using a compass, GPS, visual or map guidance in order to

“find” the wanted signal. Yagi antennas have a number of

lower gain “lobes” centred around the primary lobe. When

aligning for optimal signal strength, the antenna should be

scanned through at least 90 degrees, to help ensure that

the centre (strongest) lobe is identified.

When aligning a directional antenna, avoid placing hands

or body in the vicinity of the radiating element or the

forward beam pattern, as this will affect the performance

of the antenna.

WARNING

HAZARD OF RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) BURNS

Ensure that a matching load or antenna is attached to the RF port prior to

applying power to the device.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

Schneider Electric offers a variety of directional and omni-

directional antennas. For further information, refer to the

wireless accessories data sheet.

48 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

RF Coaxial Cable

There are many types of RF coaxial cables available, but it is sometimes difficult to

know which type of cable to use.

There are two main aspects of a cable to consider when selecting the right cable for

the job.

Bend Radius:

The bend radius of a cable is a specification given to a cable to define how flexible

the cable is. Exceeding the bend radius specification can change characteristics

within the cable and lead to reduced RF performance. The thicker the cable is, the

wider its bend radius will be, however, the thicker the cable, the lower its electrical

resistance will be, providing less impact on the radio system gain.

The cable connected from the radio to the lightning arrestor is typically quite short. This allows a thin, flexible cable to be

used. Thin flexible cables have a higher electrical resistance characteristic than thick rigid cables, but as there is only a short

length being used, the impact on radio system gain is negligible. The thick rigid cable is typically connected from the hut to

the top of an antenna mast connected to an antenna.

Antenna Feedline Cable Loss:

The antenna feedline cable supplies the connection between the radio and the antenna. When long lengths of cable are

required, it is important to factor-in the cable loss associated with length and type of cable being used.

Feeder Tail Cables

Typical installations use a thin, flexible RF cable, to interconnect the radio, to the outside of a hut/cabinet, these cables are

called ‘Feeder Tail Cables’.

Schneider Electric offers a variety of Feeder Tail Cables:

Part E – Radio Planning and Design

RF Adaptors

RF adaptors can be useful where, two connectors are not of the same type, however, need to be connected (i.e. an antenna

port of a radio and an RF lead which interconnects the antenna)

Schneider Electric offers a variety of RF adaptors:

RF Adaptors

Order Code Notes

TBUMRFAPT-TNCF-NM Trio RF Adapter TNC-Female to N-Male

TBUMRFAPT-TNCF-SMM Trio RF Adapter TNC-Female to SMA-Male

TBUMRFAPT-NF-NF Trio RF Adapter N-Female to N-Female - Flange Mount

Feed Tail Cables

Order Code Notes

TBUMRFJP-TNC-N-05M Trio RF Cable Feeder Tail 1.5Ft/0.5m - TNC-Male to N-Male

TBUMRFJP-TNC-N-1M Trio RF Cable Feeder Tail 3Ft/1m - TNC-Male to N-Male

TBUMRFJP-N-N-1M Trio RF Cable Feeder Tail 3Ft/1m - N-Male to N-Male

TBUMRFJP-SMA-N-1M Trio RF Cable Feeder Tail 3Ft/1m - SMA-Male to N-Male

TBUMRFJP-DUPLX-BP Trio Band Pass Duplexer Cable Kit 3Ft/1m - Double-Screened RF223/U with N-Male to N-Male.

(QTY of 2). Suits TBUMDUPLXBPxxx

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Lightning Arrestors

A lightning arrestor is used to help minimise lightning damage to radio devices. Lightning arrestors are made to bleed off

electrostatic build-up to help prevent a direct lightning strike from hitting the antenna system. Also, if a lightning strike

happens nearby, the arrestor helps to route the energy to ground.

The lightning arrestor is typically installed on the inside of a radio hut, between a coaxial tail lead the antenna feeder cable.

The lightning arrestor comes with an N-Type female socket on each end.

Schneider Electric offers a variety of Lightning Arrestors:

Antennas Feedline Cable Loss characteristics

Cable Diameter

[order code reference]

150 MHz 450 MHz 900 MHz 2500 MHz

dB/100 ft dB/100 m dB/100 ft dB/100 m dB/100 ft dB/100 m dB/100 ft dB/100 m

10 mm (0.4 in.)

[TBUMRFANT-xxxxxx-A]

1.5 5.0 2.7 8.9 3.9 12.8 6.8 22.2

13 mm (0.5 in.) Heliax

[TBUMRFANT-xxxxxx-B]

0.8 2.7 1.5 4.8 2.1 6.9 3.6 12.0

Antenna Feedline Cables

Order Code Notes

TBUMRFANT-99F30M-B Trio RF Cable Antenna Feedline 99Ft/30m, 0.5in/13mm Heliax N-Male To N-Male (LDF4-50A or equivalent)

TBUMRFANT-75F22M-B Trio RF Cable Antenna Feedline 75Ft/22m, 0.5in/13mm Heliax N-Male To N-Male (LDF4-50A or equivalent)

TBUMRFANT-75F22M-A Trio RF Cable Antenna Feedline 75Ft/22m, 0.4in/10mm N-Male To N-Male (LMR-400 or equivalent)

TBUMRFANT-50F15M-A Trio RF Cable Antenna Feedline 50Ft/15m, 0.4in/10mm N-Male To N-Male (LMR-400 or equivalent)

TBUMRFANT-25F7M-A Trio RF Cable Antenna Feedline 25Ft/7m, 0.4in/10mm N-Male To N-Male (LMR-400 or equivalent)

TBUMRFANT-10F3M-A Trio RF Cable Antenna Feedline 10Ft/3m, 0.4in/10mm N-Male To N-Male (LMR-400 or equivalent)

Feeder Tail Cables

As the antenna needs to be mounted up high, a longer length of RF cable needs to run from the outside of the hut/

cabinet, to the antenna, this cable is called ‘Antenna Feedline Cable’.

Schneider Electric offers a variety of Antenna Feedline Cables:

As typical installations using antenna feedline cables use long lengths, it is important to consider the loss characteristics of

the cable being used, see the loss characteristics table below:

Lightning Arrestors

Order Code Frequency range Protected Side

Connector

Surge Side

Connector Mounting Style VSWR Notes

TBUMLT-ARRES-TYPEA 125 MHz to 1 GHz N-Female N-Female Bulkhead with right

angle bracket

1.1:1 Turn-on: 600 Vdc ±20%

TBUMLT-ARRES-TYPEB 2 to 6 GHz N-Female N-Female Bulkhead inline (no

bracket)

1.3:1 Surge: 10kA IEC 61000-

4-5 8/20μs waveform

50 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Welcome to the quick reference guide for the Q data radios. This guide provides general information on the physical

attributes of the Q data radios including, physical dimensions, mounting guides, LED indications and physical interface

connections.

Introduction

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Half Duplex Radio - QR150

Typical Radio Setup

Schneider Electric offers a variety of wireless accessories, for further information, refer to the wireless accessories data sheet.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Mounting Instructions

Mount the radio in a clean and dry location, protected from water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes of temperature

and direct sunlight. In high power or high temperature applications, allow sufficient passive or active ventilation. To help

minimize moisture ingress it is suggested to mount the radio with the connectors facing downwards.

When mounting the equipment, consideration should be given to the environmental aspects of the site. The cabinet should

be positioned so that it is shaded from potential high temperature of the afternoon sun, or icy cold wind. Although the radios

are designed for harsh temperature extremes, they will give a longer service life if operated in a more stable temperature

environment.

In an industrial environment, the radio modems should be isolated from excessive vibration, which can destroy electronic

components, joints, and crystals. The cabinet should provide full protection from moisture, dust, corrosive atmospheres,

and residue from ants and small vermin (which can be corrosive or conductive). The radio modem will radiate heat from the

in-built heat sink, and the higher the transmitter duty cycle, the more heat will be radiated. Provide sufficient ventilation in the

form of passive or forced air circulation to help ensure that the radio is able to maintain quoted temperature limits.

The QR150 is designed with four mounting holes to allow a flat mount of the radio. Each QR150 comes standard with four

16mm x 40mm self drilling screws. The heads of these screws are low profile wafer heads with a no. 2 Phillips recess.

Physical Dimensions

52 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

DIN rail mounting kit

An optional DIN rail mounting kit is available for the QR150. The mount is screwed onto the bottom of the QR150 giving the

unit the ability to be simply ‘clipped’ and locked onto a 7.5 mm by 35 mm (0.3 in. by 1.4 in.) DIN rail.

Each DIN rail kit supplies:

• x1 DIN rail mounting bracket

• x1 DIN rail clip

• x4 Countersunk M4X8 screws (to mount DIN rail clip to bracket)

• x4 M4 nuts (to mount DIN rail clip to bracket)

• x4 Pan head M3X6 screws (to mount spread-spectrum radio to bracket)

• x4 Pan head M4X2.5 screws (to mount M-Series to bracket)

• x4 Pan head M4X8 screws (to mount QR150/QR450 to bracket)

Drawings not to scale.

118.5mm [4.66in.] (128.5mm [5.05in.] With DIN

clip fitted on rear)

12mm

[0.47in.]

2.5mm

[0.09in.]

60mm [2.36in.]

175mm

[6.89in.]

DIN rail mounting bracket

(70mm [2.75in.] With DIN

clip fitted on bottom)

2.5mm

[0.09in.]

11.5mm

[0.45in.]

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

26mm

[1.02in.]

34mm

[1.33in.]

34mm [1.34in.]

58.5mm

[2.3in.]

70.5mm [2.77in.]

10mm

[0.39in.]

58mm [2.28in.] 58mm [2.28in.]59mm [2.32in.]

10mm

[0.39in.]

5mm

[0.19in.]

7mm

[0.27in.]

70.5mm [2.77in.]

34mm

[1.33in.]

54 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

DIN rail clip

The DIN rail clip has a spring loaded latch to allow easy installation/removal of the radio device being installed.

The DIN rail clip can be fitted to the DIN rail mounting bracket x5 different ways to allow as much installation flexibility as

possible.

Rear mount DIN rail clip

The DIN rail clip can be fitted on the rear of the DIN rail mounting bracket two ways shown below.

Examples of rear-fitted DIN clips:

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

65mm [2.55in.]

5mm

[0.19in.]

44mm

[1.73in.]

82mm [3.22in.]

9mm

[0.35in.]

9mm

[0.35in.]

5mm

[0.19in.]

19mm

[0.74in.]

4mm

[0.15in.]

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Bottom mount DIN rail clip

The DIN rail clip can be fitted on the bottom of the DIN rail mounting bracket three different ways shown below.

Examples of bottom-fitted DIN clips:

56 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Physical Interfaces

RF Port/s

(TNC/SMA)

Serial Ports -

COM 1 & 2 Ethernet USB port

DC Power

10...30 Vdc

Port 1

Ethernet

port 2

Power Supply Requirements

Rated Operating Voltage: 10...30 Vdc

Nominal Operating Voltage: 12 Vdc and 24 Vdc

Input Power (Rx typical): 5 W

Input Power (Tx typical): (See table below)

Typical receive/standby input power is 5 Watts. The input power will vary in transmit

mode according to RF output power level.

The QR is supplied with a lock-in mating DC power connector (Schneider Electric

Part Number TBUMPWR-PLUG-QR-A) which should be installed with the locking

screws done up tightly (0.5 - 0.6 Nm / 4.42 - 5.31 ftin).

The radio is designed to limit damage if the voltage exceeds 30 Vdc or if reverse

polarity is applied. The field-replaceable internal fuse has a 7 Amp rating. Fuse replacement instructions can be found within this

user manual. Fuses are available from Schnedier Electric, part number TBUMPWR-FUSE-QR.

Tx Power (dBm) Typical Input

Power (Watts)

30 18

37 28

40 39

Connect and secure the antenna, Ethernet and serial connectors BEFORE applying power to the unit. Lastly, before inserting

the power connector, re-check that the polarity and voltage is correct using a multimeter and check the power cable against

the +/- label printed on the front panel of the radio.

NOTICE

HAZARD OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

The radio modem can be damaged if there is any potential difference between

the chassis-ground, RS232 signal ground, power (-) input, or antenna coaxial

shield. Before connecting any wiring, ensure that all components are earthed to a

common ground point.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.

Digital I/O

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Half Duplex Radio - QR450

Typical Radio Setup

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Schneider Electric offers a variety of wireless accessories, for further information, refer to the wireless accessories data sheet.

58 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Physical Dimensions

Drawings not to scale.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Mounting Instructions

Mount the radio in a clean and dry location, protected from water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes of temperature

and direct sunlight. In high power or high temperature applications, allow sufficient passive or active ventilation. To avoid

moisture ingress it is suggested to mount the radio with the connectors facing downwards.

When mounting the equipment, consideration should be given to the environmental aspects of the site. The cabinet should

be positioned so that it is shaded from potential high temperature of the afternoon sun, or icy cold wind. Although the radios

are designed for harsh temperature extremes, they will give a longer service life if operated in a more stable temperature

environment.

In an industrial environment, the radio modems should be isolated from excessive vibration, which can destroy electronic

components, joints, and crystals. The cabinet should provide full protection from moisture, dust, corrosive atmospheres, and

residue from ants and small vermin (which can be corrosive or conductive). The radio modem will radiate heat from the in-

built heat sink, and the higher the transmitter duty cycle, the more heat will be radiated from the heat sink. Ensure that there

is sufficient ventilation in the form of passive or forced air circulation to help ensure that the radio is able to maintain quoted

temperature limits.

The QR450 is designed with four mounting holes to allow a flat mount of the radio. Each QR450 comes standard with four

16mm x 40mm self drilling screws. The heads of these screws are low profile wafer heads with a no. 2 Phillips recess.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

DIN rail mounting kit

An optional DIN rail mounting kit is available for the QR450. The mount is screwed onto the bottom of the QR450 giving the

unit the ability to be simply ‘clipped’ and locked onto a 7.5 mm by 35 mm (0.3 in. by 1.4 in.) DIN rail.

Each DIN rail kit supplies:

• A DIN rail mounting bracket

• A DIN rail clip

• x4 Countersunk M4X8 screws (to mount DIN rail clip to bracket)

• x4 M4 nuts (to mount DIN rail clip to bracket)

• x4 Pan head M3X6 screws (to mount Spread spectrum radio to bracket)

• x4 Pan head M4X2.5 screws (to mount M-Series to bracket)

• x4 Pan head M4X8 screws (to mount QR150/QR450 to bracket)

Drawings not to scale.

118.5mm [4.66in.] (128.5mm [5.05in.] With DIN

clip fitted on rear)

12mm

[0.47in.]

2.5mm

[0.09in.]

48.5mm [1.9in.]

175mm

[6.89in.]

DIN rail mounting bracket

(58.5mm [2.3in.] With

DIN clip fitted on bottom)

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

2.5mm

[0.09in.]

12-24

60 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

26mm

[1.02in.]

34mm

[1.33in.]

34mm [1.34in.]

58.5mm

[2.3in.]

70.5mm [2.77in.]

10mm

[0.39in.]

58mm [2.28in.] 58mm [2.28in.]59mm [2.32in.]

10mm

[0.39in.]

5mm

[0.19in.]

7mm

[0.27in.]

70.5mm [2.77in.]

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

34mm

[1.33in.]

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

DIN rail clip

The DIN rail clip has a spring loaded latch to allow easy installation/removal of the radio device being installed.

The DIN rail clip can be fitted to the DIN rail mounting bracket x5 different ways to allow as much installation flexibility as

possible.

Rear mount DIN rail clip

The DIN rail clip can be fitted on the rear of the DIN rail mounting bracket two ways shown below.

Examples of rear fitted DIN clips:

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

65mm [2.55in.]

5mm

[0.19in.]

44mm

[1.73in.]

82mm [3.22in.]

9mm

[0.35in.]

9mm

[0.35in.]

5mm

[0.19in.]

19mm

[0.74in.]

4mm

[0.15in.]

62 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Bottom mount DIN rail clip

The DIN rail clip can be fitted on the bottom of the DIN rail mounting bracket three different ways shown below.

Examples of bottom fitted DIN clips:

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Physical Interfaces

Antenna port

(TNC)

Serial port -

COM 1 & 2 Ethernet USB port

DC input

10 to 30 V

port 1

Ethernet

port 2

Power Supply Requirements

Rated Operating Voltage: 10...30 Vdc

Nominal Operating voltage: 12 and 24 Vdc

Input Power (Rx typical): 5 Watts

Input Power (Tx typical): (See table below)

Typical receive/standby input power is 5 Watts. The input power will vary in transmit

mode according to RF output power level.

The QR450 is supplied with a lock-in mating DC power connector (Schneider

Electric Part Number TBUMPWR-PLUG-QR-A) which should be installed with the

locking screws done up tightly (0.5 - 0.6 Nm / 4.42 - 5.31 ftin).

The radio is designed to limit damage if the voltage exceeds 30 Vdc or if reverse

polarity is applied. The field-replaceable internal fuse has a 7 Amp rating. Fuses are available from Schnedier Electric, part

number TBUMPWR-FUSE-QR. Fuse replacement instructions can be found within this user manual.

Tx Power (dBm) Typical Input

Power (Watts)

30 24

37 37

40 52

Connect and secure the antenna, Ethernet and serial connectors BEFORE applying power to the unit. Lastly, before inserting

the power connector, re-check that the polarity and voltage is correct using a multimeter and check the power cable against

the +/- label printed on the front panel of the radio.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

NOTICE

HAZARD OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

The radio modem can be damaged if there is any potential difference between

the chassis-ground, RS232 signal ground, power (-) input, or antenna coaxial

shield. Before connecting any wiring, ensure that all components are earthed to a

common ground point.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.

12-24

64 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Full Duplex Radio - QB

Typical Radio Setup

Schneider Electric offers a variety of wireless accessories, for further information, refer to the wireless accessories data sheet.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Mounting

The QB Full Duplex Radio is housed in a 1RU 19” rack enclosure. The radio is supplied with x2 1RU mounting brackets, which

should be fitted to each side of the radio before it can be installed into a 19” rack. The mounting brackets can be fitted to

the side of the radio in 3 different locations to provide different mounting capabilities: Front Mount, Proud Mount or Center

Mount.

The radio should be mounted in a clean and dry location, protected from water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes of

temperature and direct sunlight. Allow sufficient passive or active ventilation to allow the radio modem’s heat sink to operate

efficiently.

Antenna connections, Power connections and Digital I/O are all made at the rear of the unit.

All User ports, including; Serial Com ports, Ethernet ports, and Aux port are located on the front panel to provide easy access.

Front Mount

Fixing the mounting brackets for a front mount,

allows the front of the radio to be flush with the

front of a 19” rack.

Proud Mount

Fixing the mounting brackets for a proud

mount, allows the front of the radio to slightly

hang over the front of a 19” rack.

Center Mount

Fixing the mounting brackets for a center

mount, allows the radio to be mounted into a

19” rack which contains a center pillars.

66 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Physical Dimensions

19” (483mm) 1 RU rack mount.

Without mounting brackets, D:424 x H:44.45 x W:436.5mm (D:16.7” x H:1.75” x W:17.18”)

Drawings not to scale.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Power Supply Requirements

Operating Voltage: 11...30 Vdc (Dual Input)

Input Power (Rx typical): 14 Watts

Input Power (Tx typical): (See table below)

In high ambient temperature situations, the internal fans may operate, resulting in an increase of input power of up to 28

Watts.

Typical receive/standby input power is 14 Watts. The input power will vary in

transmit mode according to RF output power level.

The QB is supplied with a lock-in mating DC power connector

which should be installed with the locking screws done up tightly

(0.5 - 0.6 Nm / 4.42 - 5.31 ftin ). Replacement parts available from Schneider

Electric, part number TBUMPWR-PLUG-QB.

The radio is designed to limit damage if the voltage exceeds the operating voltage

or if reverse polarity is applied. The field replaceable internal fuse has a 12 Amp rating.

Replacement fuses available from Schneider Electric, part number TBUMPWR-FUSE-QB.

Connect and secure the antenna, Ethernet and serial connectors BEFORE applying power to the unit. Lastly, before inserting the

power connector, re-check that the polarity and voltage is correct using a multimeter and check the power cable against the +/-

label printed on the rear panel of the radio.

Tx Power (dBm)

Typical Input

Power (Watts)

QB150 QB450

30 26 34

37 38 46

40 46 59

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

NOTICE

HAZARD OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

The radio modem can be damaged if there is any potential difference between

the chassis-ground, RS232 signal ground, power (-) input, or antenna coaxial

shield. Before connecting any wiring, ensure that all components are earthed to a

common ground point.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.

68 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Physical Interfaces

Serial port -

COM 1 & 2 USB port

Auxiliary

port

Ethernet Ports

1 2 3

Tx Antenna

port (N-Type)

Rx Antenna

port (N-Type)

Primary DC input

11 to 30 V

Secondary DC

input 11 to 30 V

12 Vdc output

(for QHHSC only)

Digital inputs

1, 2 & 3

Digital outputs

1, 2 & 3

Front Panel

Rear Panel

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Hot Standby Half Duplex Radio - QP

Typical Radio Setup

Operational Description

The QP hot standby half duplex radio, is a 1RU rack mounted module which operates with two internal highly reliable half

duplex radios, which can be switched between to provide redundancy.

The two half duplex radios (Radio A & Radio B) operate simultaneously and depending on the QP antenna option, there are

different antenna arrangements available:

- Option B: Duplicate Ports - This option provide a separate antenna port for each of the internal radios.

- Option D (QP150 only): Separate Switched Ports - This option provides a separate antenna port for the receiver,

and the transmitter. Ownership of the ports will belong to the online remote, controlled by internal switching.

- Option E: Common Port - This option will connect the internal radio’s antenna ports through an RF relay, providing

a single antenna port on the QP.

Only data received by the “online” radio is directed to the user equipment. The online radio is also the only unit transmitting

at any time. The QP can perform the following functions:

• Monitor the alarm output from both radio A and radio B and change over the online radio if required.

• Switch all user data through to the online radio.

• Switch the antenna via internal coaxial relay to the online radio transmitter (Requires QP Kit Option E).

Digital switching in the QP directs user data to and from the user ports on the front panel directly to the user ports of the online radio.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Schneider Electric offers a variety of wireless accessories, for further information, refer to the wireless accessories data sheet.

70 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Mounting Guidelines

The QP hot standby half duplex radio is housed as a 1RU 19” rack mounted unit. There are mounting brackets included for

the front panel, which can be used to secure the unit to the rack. The mounting brackets can be fitted to the side of each

unit in 3 different locations to provide different mounting capabilities: Front Mount, Proud Mount or Center Mount. Refer to

the QB Mounting guide for a graphical representation of the different mounting positions.

The unit should be mounted in a clean and dry location, protected from water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes of

temperature and direct sunlight. Allow sufficient passive or active ventilation to allow the radio fans to pass air through the

internal heat sink efficiently.

All RF, power and digital I/O connections are made at the rear of the unit. All User interfaces are located at the front of the

unit, this includes: Ethernet interface, Serial COM port interfaces and Auxiliary interface.

Physical Dimensions

19” (483mm) 1 RU rack mount.

Without mounting brackets, D:424 x H:44.45 x W:436.5mm (D:16.7” x H:1.75” x W:17.18”)

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Power Supply Requirements

Operating Voltage: 11...30 Vdc (Dual Input)

Input Power (Rx typical): 14 Watts

Input Power (Tx typical): (See table below)

In high ambient temperature situations, the internal fans may operate, resulting

in an increase of input power of up to 28 Watts.

Typical receive/standby input power is 14 Watts. The input power will vary in

transmit mode according to RF output power level.

The QP is supplied with a lock-in mating DC power connector which should be

installed with the locking screws done up tightly (0.5 - 0.6 Nm / 4.42 - 5.31 ftin).

Replacement parts available from Schneider Electric, part number TBUMPWR-PLUG-QB.

The radio is designed to limit damage if the voltage exceeds the operating voltage or if reverse polarity is applied.

The field-replaceable internal fuse has a 12 Amp rating. Replacement fuses available from Schneider Electric, part number

TBUMPWR-FUSE-QB.

Connect and secure the Antenna, Ethernet and Serial connectors BEFORE applying power to the unit. Lastly, before inserting the

power connector, re-check that the polarity and voltage is correct using a multimeter and check the power cable against the +/-

label printed on the rear panel of the radio.

NOTICE

HAZARD OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

The radio modem can be damaged if there is any potential difference between

the chassis-ground, RS232 signal ground, power (-) input, or antenna coaxial

shield. Before connecting any wiring, ensure that all components are earthed to a

common ground point.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

IP Allocation

The internal half duplex radios have unique factory default IP addresses:

- Default IP Radio A: 192.168.2.15

- Default IP Radio B: 192.168.2.16

When configuring the QP, ensure that Radio A and Radio B have unique IP addresses to avoid IP conflicts.

Tx Power (dBm)

Typical Input

Power (Watts)

QP150 QP450

30 26 34

37 38 46

40 46 59

72 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Physical Interfaces

Serial port -

COM 1 & 2

USB port

Auxiliary

port

Ethernet Ports

1 2 3

Radio A (Tx/Rx)

(N-Type)

Radio B (Tx/Rx)

(N-Type)

Primary DC input

11...30 Vdc

Secondary DC

input 11...30 Vdc

12 Vdc output

Digital inputs

1, 2 & 3

Digital outputs

1, 2 & 3

Front Panel

Rear Panel (Hot Standby Option B)

Radio Select

Switch

Radio A

(Tx/Rx)

Radio B

(Tx/Rx)

Rear Panel (Hot Standby Option D) - QP150 Only

Duplicated Antenna Ports

Radio Select Switch

The 3 position switch (A / Auto / B) on the front panel provides the following

functionality:

• Position A: Radio A is forced online

• Position Auto: changeover hardware will select the online radio

• Position B: Radio B is forced online

Adjacent to the select switch are two LEDs: These LEDs indicate the current online radio.

Indicated State Select

LEDs

Auto Mode

Local Force

Remote Force

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Radio A/B Switched

(Tx only) (N-Type)

Radio A/B Switched

(Rx only) (N-Type)

Primary DC input

11...30 Vdc

Secondary DC

input 11...30 Vdc

12 Vdc output

Digital inputs

1, 2 & 3

Digital outputs

1, 2 & 3

Radio A

(Tx/Rx)

Radio B

(Tx/Rx)

Separate Switched Tx & Rx Ports

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Radio A/B Switched

(Tx/Rx) (N-Type)

Primary DC input

11...30 Vdc

Secondary DC

input 11...30 Vdc

12 Vdc output

Digital inputs

1, 2 & 3

Digital outputs

1, 2 & 3

Rear Panel (Hot Standby Option E)

Antenna

Common Switched Antenna Ports

74 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio - QH

Introduction

Welcome to the Quick Start Guide for the QH Hot Standby full duplex radio. This section provides additional installation

considerations, wiring diagrams and operational descriptions. This document should be read in conjunction with the QB full

duplex radio Quick Start Guide.

The QH is a redundant, hot standby, full duplex radio providing automatic changeover facilities.

The QH is designed as a modular solution, comprising 2 identical QB full duplex radios (standard) linked to a central monitoring

and changeover controller (Hot Standby Controller). Either QB may be taken out for maintenance without the need for system

down time. The automatic changeover can be triggered by the online out-of-tolerance (alarm) conditions based on either RF

and/or user data throughput parameters.

QB - Full Duplex Radio

QHHSC - Hot Standby

Controller

QB - Full Duplex Radio

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Typical Radio Setup

Operational Description

The QH Hot Standby Controller (QHHSC) unit is a 1RU rack-mounted module that interfaces to two independent full duplex

radios (each 1 RU rack mounted modules) via a number of RF and data cables.

Both full duplex radios (Radio A & Radio B) operate simultaneously, constantly receiving radio signals. However only data from

one radio (the “online” radio) is directed to the user equipment. The online radio is also the only unit transmitting at any time.

The Hot Standby Controller provides the following functions:

• Amplify and split the incoming signal so both Radio A and Radio B receive simultaneously.

• Monitor the alarm output from both Radio A and Radio B and change over the online radio if required.

• Switch all user data through to the online radio.

• Switch the antenna, via internal coaxial relay, to the online radio transmitter (Requires QHHSC Kit Option A).

Digital switching in the QHHSC directs data to and from the user ports on the front panel directly to the user ports of the

online radio.

The QHHSC and the two full duplex radios pass operational/alarm detection status between one another via the AUX

interface. Any alarm detection indicated from the online radio can cause the QHHSC to change over the online radio.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Schneider Electric offers a variety of wireless accessories, for further information, refer to the wireless accessories data sheet.

Mounting

The QH hot standby full duplex radio is housed as a 3 RU 19 in. rack mounted set, encompassing two x 1 RU QB full duplex

radios and one x 1 RU QH Hot Standby Controller. The Controller and full duplex radios are each supplied with two x 1 RU

mounting brackets, are to be fitted to each sides of each unit before it can be installed into a 19 in. rack. The mounting

brackets can be fitted to the side of each unit in 3 different locations to provide different mounting capabilities: Front Mount,

Proud Mount or Center Mount. Refer to the QB Mounting guide for a graphical representation of the different mounting

positions.

The unit should be mounted in a clean and dry location, protected from water, excessive dust, corrosive fumes, extremes of

temperature and direct sunlight. Provide sufficient passive or active ventilation to allow the full duplex radio fans to pass air

through the internal heat sink efficiently.

All RF, power and digital I/O connections are made at the rear of the unit. All user interfaces are located at the front of the

unit, these include: Ethernet interface, Serial COM port interfaces and Auxiliary interfaces.

76 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Physical Dimensions

Hot Standby is configured using 2 x QB full duplex radios + 1 x Hot Standby Controller (19 in. 1 RU each) for a total of 19 in.

(483 mm) 3 RU rack mount.

Without mounting brackets, D:424 x H:133.3 x W:436.5 mm (D:16.7 x H:5.25 x W:17.18 in.)

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Power Supply Requirements

Operating Voltage: 11...30 Vdc (Dual Input)

Input Power (Rx typical): 35 Watts

Input Power (Tx typical): (See table below)

In high ambient temperature situations, the internal fans may operate, resulting in

an increase of input power of up to 56 Watts [x2 QBs].

Typical receive/standby input power is 35 Watts. The input power will vary in transmit

mode according to RF output power level.

Each QB within the hot standby arrangement is supplied with a lock-in mating DC

power connector which should be installed with the locking screws done up tightly

(0.5 - 0.6 Nm / 4.42 - 5.31 ftin ). Replacement parts available from Schneider

Electric, part number TBUMPWR-PLUG-QB.

The radios are designed to limit damage if the voltage exceeds the operating voltage or if reverse polarity is applied. Each QB has a

field-replaceable internal fuse with a 12 Amp rating. Replacement fuses available from Schneider Electric, part number

TBUMPWR-FUSE-QB.

Tx Power (dBm)

Typical Input

Power (Watts)

QH150 QH450

30 48 55

37 59 67

40 68 80

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Radio Position Allocation

The QH is made up of three separate devices, a single QH hot standby controller and two separate QB full duplex radios.

Within a hot standby arrangement, the two full duplex radios must be allocated a QH position, either Radio A or Radio B.

The diagrams on the following pages use the radio position allocation shown below.

Radio A

Radio B

Communication Ports

There are multiple connections required between the front panel interfaces of the QH

• COM 1/2 (Both Radios to QHHSC)

• AUX (Both Radios to QHHSC)

• ETH 1 (Both Radios to QHHSC)

• ETH 3 (Between Radios A & B)

SCADA Host / SCADA

Equipment

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

78 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Power Supply and Protection

In order to provide power to this redundant, hot standby radio system, the QH supports dual power supplies. A separate power

supply is used for each of the full duplex radios. To help increase reliability, the power supplies are crossed-over to each of the

secondary supply inputs of the full duplex radios as shown in the diagram below.

Each full duplex radio has diode-ORed supply inputs, making a redundant power supply pair for each full duplex radio possible.

The Hot Standby Controller has connections for dual power supplies and is powered from the 12V DC output of the full duplex

radios as shown in the diagram below.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

+ -

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Antennas and RF Feeders

There are two primary antenna connection options. All connectors are standard N-Type sockets. See diagrams below.

Hot Standby Controller Kit: Option A

Hot Standby Controller Kit:

Option A OR B

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Via separate duplexersIndependent antennas

Via duplexer Separate Rx/Tx

Antennas

80 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Select Switch

The 3 position switch (A / Auto / B) on the front panel

provides the following functionality:

• Position A: Radio A is forced online

• Position Auto: changeover hardware will select

the online radio

• Position B: Radio B is forced online

Adjacent to the Select switch are two LEDs. These LEDs

indicate the current online radio.

Indicated State ETH port

Ethernet port inactive, no

cable connected

Ethernet port active @

10Mbps

Ethernet port active @

100Mbps

User Ports

Digital switching in the hot standby controller directs

user data to and from the user ports on the front panel

directly to the user ports on the online radio.

Ethernet Port LED Indicators

Indicated State Select

LEDs

Auto Mode

Local Force

Remote Force

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Physical Interfaces

Front Panel

Rear Panel (Hot Standby Controller Option A)

User Ports Radio B

Radio A

Ethernet Ports

1 2 3 Serial port

COM 1 & 2

Ethernet

Port

Aux

Port

Serial port

COM 1 & 2

Ethernet

Port

Aux

Port

Serial port

COM 1 & 2

Radio Select

Switch

Dual 12V

DC Inputs

Tx Antenna

port (N-Type)

Rx Antenna

port (N-Type)

Digital inputs

1, 2 & 3

Digital outputs

1, 2 & 3

Radio A Tx Radio A Rx

Radio B Tx Radio B Rx

Hot Standby Controller Option B

The QHHSC Option B connections are identical to option A however, option B does not include any RF interfaces on the HSC.

Pairing Alarm

Each QB within a Hot standby arrangement, should have HSC

Mode enabled by the user. If HSC Mode is disabled in both

QBs, the HSC will indicate a pairing alarm by illuminating the A

& B LEDs RED.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

LED indicators

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Indicated State Pwr/Tx

No power, or

ShutDown

Power on

Transmitter On

Each image below shows where to find the LED indicators of each Q data radio.

Top of QR Front of QR

Front of QB & QP Front of QB, QP & QHHSC

Pwr/TX - DC Power & TX LEDs

If all the LEDs are off, no DC power is reaching the radio modem or the internal fuse is open.

Successful power-up is indicated by the Pwr/Tx LED showing a continuous GREEN state.

Tx Indicator (Tx) : When the transmitter is active the Pwr/Tx LED is in a RED state.

The QR will take approximately 60 seconds to boot up - during this time, the DC power

LED will flash green/off periodically along with various LED activity. Wait until the DC power

LED is not longer periodically flashing and is in a solid green state before attempting to

communicate with the radio.

Indicated State Synch/

RxSig

No received signal

Receiver in SYNC state

RSSI over mute level

and no sync

Indicated State COM1/2

No Activity

RxD Data Output

TxD Data Input

RxD & TxD Data Active

Sync/No RX - Synchronisation and No Received Signal LEDs

A flashing or solid green Sync/No RX LED indicates that the modem is receiving

decodable transmissions from another source.

A regular/solid flashing red Sync/No RX LED indicates that the modem is receiving

un-decodable transmissions from another source. This symptom can be caused by

insufficient RX signal, too much interference or an incorrect configuration parameter

set within the pair of modems.

TxD/RxD (COM 1 and COM 2) - Serial TxD/RxD LEDs

The RxD/TxD LEDs indicate data flow into/out of the serial user port. Data being

sent to the port for transmission is indicated by a red flash, and data being received

over the air and then forwarded to the serial port is shown as a green flash. As

the serial port is full duplex, there may be instances where the TxD and RxD LEDs

illuminate simultaneously, this will be indicated by an amber illumination of the port

LED.

Indicated State ETH port

Ethernet port inactive,

no cable connected

Ethernet port active @

10Mbps

Ethernet port active @

100Mbps

ETH 1 & ETH 2 - Ethernet Link and Activity LEDs

The Ethernet port LEDs are found on the physical RJ45 sockets, located on the

front panel. Green LED activity typically represents a current physical connection to

another Ethernet device has been established. Amber LED activity indicates Ethernet

data is being transferred between the local Ethernet port and another Ethernet

device.

82 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Indicated State Alarm

No active alarm

Alarm/s detected

Alarm detection indicator LED (QB & QP only)

The Alarm LED state has two states:

Green: No alarms are currently detected.

Red: An alarm or alarms are currently active. This can be a critical alarm or an

enabled user alarm. See alarms section for further details.

Alarm LED Indications

In some circumstances the radio will indicate an alarm state. This is shown as all LEDs flashing RED for 1 sec and then a pattern of

green LEDs for 1 sec. The pattern of green LEDs indicate the type of alarm. Consult the table for more information.

QR Half Duplex Remote

Alarm Type COM 1 RxD / TxD COM 2 RxD / TxD Sync / NoRx Pwr / Tx

Supply voltage alarm Green

Retry Factory default Green

Configuration alarm Green Green

Firmware upgrade alarm Green Green

Reverted to factory default due to

internal alarm

Green Green Green

IP address not set (DHCP) Green

Configuration record not found Green Green

Over temperature alarm

(Tx has been disabled)

Green Green Green

Over temperature alarm

(Tx has been folded back)

Green Green Green

VSWR alarm Green Green Green Green

QB / QP

Alarm Type Pwr / Tx Sync / NoRx COM 1 RxD / TxD COM 2 RxD / TxD

Supply voltage alarm Green

Pairing Alarm (Hot Standby Mode) Green Green

Retry Factory default Green

Configuration alarm Green Green

Firmware upgrade alarm Green Green

Reverted to factory default due to

internal alarm

Green Green Green

IP address not set Green

Configuration record not found Green Green

Over temperature alarm

(Tx has been disabled)

Green Green Green

Over temperature alarm

(Tx folded back)

Green Green Green

VSWR alarm Green Green Green Green

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

QR / QB / QP

Operation Alarm Red Red Red Red

Operational Alarm

An operational alarm is indicated by all 4 LEDs periodically flashing red (no green flashes). This alarm can indicate the radio has

detected an error which may not be recoverable by the user. Depending on why the operational alarm has occurred, the event log

can be referred to, which may help diagnose why operation alarm is active.

HSC Mode Alarm

Each QB within a Hot Standby arrangement should have HSC Mode enabled by the user. When HSC mode is enabled, the QB

will attempt to negotiate and pair with an alternate QB. If HSC mode is disabled, a QB will ignore any HSC mode negotiation

messages it receives.

QB (within a QH)

Alarm Type Pwr / Tx Sync / NoRx COM 1 RxD / TxD COM 2 RxD / TxD

Pairing Alarm Green Green

Description of Alarm When a QB in HSC mode attempts to negotiate with the alternate base, and no response

is received, a pairing alarm will be displayed (flashing all red, then, green as shown above)

Probable Causes (1) There is a mismatch in the configuration between Base A and Base B. Check that

HSC mode, IP address, SUBNET mask, shared IP and VLAN parameters are suitably

configured. For further information on configuration of Hot Standby radios refer to

Part G of this user manual.

(2) There is a problem with the cable connection in the hot standby arrangement.

Check cables are properly inserted into their correct locations.

Refer to “Step 2 - Interface Connections” in the ‘QH Quick Start Guide’ section.

QHHSC

Alarm Type Radio A Radio B

No Base Detected Alarm Red Red

The QHHSC (hot standby controller) indicates an alarm when no QBs are connected (the connection is detected via the Auxiliary

interface). While this alarm is active, the QHHSC front panel becomes inactive.

QB / QP

Alarm Type Pwr / Tx Sync / NoRx COM 1 RxD / TxD COM 2 RxD / TxD

PTT Timeout Alarm Red

PTT Timeout Alarm

When the PTT timeout limit is reached (default is 60 Seconds) the following RED LED will begin to flash on its own.

Alarm Type COM 1 RxD / TxD COM 2 RxD/ TxD Sync / NoRx Pwr / Tx

PTT Timeout Alarm Red

QHHSC Change-Over Pending Timer Alarm

After a change-over occurs within a hot standby arrangement, the QHHSC will run a 60 second timer. If a new alarm is detected

on the online QB during this 60 seconds, the QHHSC will prevent the change-over and indicate a ‘Pending Timer’ alarm. Once

the timer reaches 0, the change-over will proceed. The pending timer helps prevent a high number of change-overs occurring in

a short period of time.

A pending timer alarm is indicated on the QHHSC with a flashing green LED on the corresponding radio LED (Radio A/B).

QHHSC

Alarm Type Radio A Radio B

Pending Timer (To change from Radio A) Green

Pending Timer (To change from Radio B) Green

84 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Connecting Antennas

The RF antenna system should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and local regulatory

requirements.

• The RF (Antenna) connector on the QR450 is a TNC type female connector.

• The RF (Antenna) connectors on the QR150 are user-configurable to operate in;

- Shared Tx/Rx mode on the TNC type female connector.

- Separate Tx on the TNC type female connector, and Rx on the SMA type female connector.

• The RF (Antenna) connectors on the QB and the QP are N-Type female connectors.

Good quality, low loss, feeder cable, should be considered according to the length of the cable run. Also, use a short, flexible

patch cable between the radio and lightning arrestor or flange mount of the radio cabinet/enclosure. Ensure that all external

connections are waterproofed.

Communication Ports

Ethernet Ports (ETH)

The ETH ports are 10/100 Base-T compliant, using RJ-45 sockets. These sockets support both TIA/EIA-568-A & B wiring as

they have Auto MDI/MDIX Auto Sensing. This means you can use both straight-through and cross-over type CAT-5 or better

patch cables. All RJ45 connectors should utilise mating plugs that include an integral locking tab.

If termination of a cable is required, then the following

wiring arrangement should be followed (Compliant with

TIA/EIA-568-A).

Maximum differential voltage : 5v, 50mA max through

each differential pair.

If 100-BaseT connection speed is required, CAT-6

Shielded cable should be used for installation to comply

with ETSI EMC directives.

QB / QP QR

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Serial Ports - COM 1/2

The Q data radios feature a 9 pin miniature D-Shell (DE-9) Female connector that supports two individual serial port

connections. Each serial port is associated with an embedded serial terminal server that provides the serial to TCP/IP or UDP/

IP connectivity.

• COM 1 uses pins 2, 3, 7 & 8 with pin 5 as the common ground.

• COM 2 uses pins 4 & 6 with pin 5 as the common ground.

• An RSSI output is available on pin 9 which is useful for antenna alignment.

Pin out specs:

(1) Pin 2, 6 & 8 are outputs rated at +/- 6v, 65mA max.

(2) Pin 3, 4 & 7 are inputs rated at +/- 15v, 5mA max.

(3) Pin 9 is an analog voltage output to indicate the radio’s live RSSI measurement.

(4) Connecting wires should be #22 AWG (0.33mm2) or larger.

21 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

45 3 2 1

9 8 7 6

RS-232 Mode RS-485 Mode

Pin Name Input/Output Name Input/Output

1 COM 1 DCD Output Not Used -

2 COM 1 RxD Output B/Z (Inverting) Input/Output

3 COM 1 TxD Input A/Y (Non-Inverting) Input/Output

4 COM 2 TxD Input Not Used -

5 GND - Not Used -

6 COM 2 RxD Output Not Used -

7 COM 1 RTS Input Not Used -

8 COM 1 CTS Output Not Used -

9 RSSI Output RSSI Output

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

QB / QP QR450

21 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

QR150

86 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Activating Transmitter

Data sent to either of the radio’s communication ports (Ethernet or Serial Port) will cause the radio to key up it’s transmitter

and send the data over the air. However, to test the transmitter with external test equipment (Tx power, VSWR or Frequency),

or to test another radio’s receiver, the Q data radio provides a means to manually control the activation of the transmitter.

To access the transmit test tool,

access the radio’s web user interface

and browse to: Maintenance ->

Transmit Test. This will display the

transmit test tool page.

The transmitter can now be

controlled via this page. To key up

the transmitter, press the ‘Turn ON’

button. By default this will enable a

Modulated Carrier for 60 seconds.

During this time, the Tx LED should

illuminate solid RED to indicate the

transmitter is active.

If the power or frequency is adjusted, and it is desired to retain this value, the Save and apply button should be pressed to

activate the changes in the radio.

Factory Default

The factory default IP address of the Q data radios is 192.168.2.15. If you want to perform configuration changes on the Q

data radio and are not aware of the configured IP address, you may need to activate a factory reset. Alternatively, COM 1 can

provide access to the radio’s configuration via Text User Interface (as long as this port remains at the default configuration).

default interface settings are: 19200, N, 8, 1, No Handshaking.

A factory reset will cause all previous configuration settings to be erased and returned to the factory default values. A factory

default can be initiated by applying DC power to the radio (wait up to 3 minutes for the unit to fully boot up, indicated

by a solid GREEN Power LED), depress the factory default switch using a paper clip or similar object and keep the switch

depressed for 6 seconds or until all four LEDs illuminate solid GREEN and begin flashing, indicating the radio will return to the

factory default settings. Wait for up to 4 minutes for the factory default reset process to complete.

Factory Default

Switch

Factory Default

Switch

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

12-24

Factory Default

Switch

QB / QP QR450

QR150

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Digital I/O

The following Trio Q radios provide three dedicate Digital inputs as well as three digital outputs which can be read/written to

via TView+ Diagnostics or SNMP.

• QB Full Duplex Radio

• QH Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio

• QP Hot Standby Half Duplex Radio

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Dry Contact

Electronic

Control

5V or

Floating

Driven Control

Typical Input Drivers

The QR150 provides two pins, dedicated for digital I/O. This I/O is user configurable, allowing each pin to be configured as

either a digital Input or a digital output.

QH / QB / QP

SNMP object descriptions for digital I/O can be found within the advanced section of this manual.

Inputs

The digital inputs for the QH/QB/QP & the QR150 have the same operational characteristics, the following input methods

can be used across either of these hardware variants.

Some form of switching contact (i.e: switch, relay) is normally used to change the state of the input. Both an isolated and

non-isolated input configuration is possible.

Typical input drivers include: dry contact (relay), electronic control or driven control. Each input can support either type of driver.

Reading the status of a user input while the circuit is CLOSED will report the input as being ON.

Reading the status of a user input while the circuit is OPEN (or not connected) will report the input as being OFF.

QR150

88 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Outputs

The digital outputs for the QH/QB/QP & the QR150 have the same operational characteristics, the following output methods

can be used across either of these hardware variants. Each output is an open collector.

Power Specifications

Maximum Voltage allowed across each output is 30 Vdc.

Maximum current allowed through each output is 1A. External resistors or a current limited supply should be used

to keep the current below this value.

When the OUTPUT is OFF, The circuit will be OPEN. When the OUTPUT is ON, The circuit will be CLOSED.

Load

0V to 30V DC Supply

+ -

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Connecting to Web User Interface (WUI)

Q data radios provide an embedded web server which provides access to the Web User Interface (WUI). The WUI can be used to

perform configuration changes on the radio. To change a configuration parameter in a Q data radio, connect a PC to one of the

Ethernet ports (ETH 1 or ETH 2) and direct a browser to the IP address of the Q data radio. It is strongly recommended that you

follow these guidelines for successful connection to the radio:

(1) Ensure that the Q data radio is powered up and has fully booted. This is indicated by a solid GREEN power LED. It takes

approximately 2 minutes from applying DC power for the Q data radio. Once the radio is fully booted, it may be indicating a user alarm.

For example, if the radio’s antenna port is incorrectly terminated, the radio will indicate a high VSWR alarm. Regardless of this user

alarm, the radio can still be browsed to.

(2) Disconnect the PC from any other Internet/LAN networks, as this may create a conflict in IP addresses or the Q data radio

IP might not fall within the subnet mask specified by the network.

(3) Connect the PC’s Ethernet Port to one of the Ethernet Ports (ETH 1 or ETH 2) using an RJ-45 patch cable. Cross over

cables will also work (Ethernet ports support MDI/MDIX). An active connection is indicated on the radio by solid green and

amber illumination on the LEDs which are fixed to the physical Ethernet port you are connected to.

(4) Ensure that the PC LAN Port is configured for a suitable

IP address. If you are using Windows 7, this can be done by

configuring the LAN settings via the Control Panel. Navigate to the

Windows “Start” button and open Control Panel -> Network and

Sharing Center -> Change adapter setting -> Double click on the

LAN port you are using -> Properties -> Double click ‘TCP/IPv4’.

You should see the window shown.

Ensure that “Obtain IP Address Automatically” is NOT selected.

It is recommended that you manually specify a compatible

IP Address. In this example, a factory default radio is being

configured. The IP address of that radio is 192.168.2.15 and a

compatible IP address for the PC would be 192.168.2.1. Click

OK to accept the changes.

Check with your Network Administrator before allocating IP

addresses as each LAN/WAN network is different.

(5) Now open the web browser and insert the IP address of the Q

data radio into the URL. In this case, we type “192.168.2.15”, the

browser should now display the home page of the radio. (Shown

below).

You may need to disable a web proxy (if in use) or disable or

modify the local firewall to help ensure the security.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

90 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Resolving Ethernet Connection Issues

Here are some basic tips to help you along the way with Ethernet configuration issues. The Windows operating system (and

others) comes complete with many useful tools. First, you need to open a command window. This can be done by clicking on

“Start” then “Run” and entering “CMD” and clicking OK.

Obtaining IP information about your PC

If you need to find out more information about your computer’s Ethernet IP configuration, network gateways and DNS

servers, you can use a tool called “IPConfig”. Simply type “IPconfig /all” into the command window.

Checking IP connectivity

A reliable way to check IP connectivity to a device is using the “Ping” utility. Type “ping xxx” where xxx is the complete IP

address of the destination device you want to check. Ping will either respond with latency results (as shown) or say “timed

out” if no connection was possible.

Repeated connections to multiple devices with same IP address

A common issue experienced when attempting to configure multiple radios with the same IP address (such as factory default

radios). The issue is due to invalid MAC table entries. If you change the Ethernet connection between two devices with the

same IP address quickly, you may need to reset the MAC look up table in the PC. You can do this by typing “arp -d ” in the

command window.

Part F – Quick Reference Guide

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Part G– Quick Start Guide

Part G – Quick Start Guide

Step-by-Step Point to Point Setup

Introduction

This document describes the 10 key steps required for:

• Connecting and configuring a pair of Q data radios.

• Performing basic diagnostics and health checks

• Connecting user equipment such as Host Software and/or RTUs

Typical Bench setup

Step 1 - RF and DC power connection

RF Connection

Bench testing is typically performed over short distances, so RF signals need to be significantly attenuated. Using dummy

loads or whip antennas is not recommend.

A suitable method for attenuation of RF signals is to use a 4 Port RF Attenuator (Part Number TBUM4PORTATTEN). An

attenuator accurately reduces RF signal level, simulating a real world, long distance RF link. Other types of RF attenuators

can be used providing the total attenuation is between 80dB to 100dB. Check the attenuator power ratings against the

configured Tx power of the radio.

If the TX power of each radio is set to 20dBm (100mW) then, low power, low cost attenuators can be used.

DC Power Connection

Ensure that each radio is wired using the correct polarity and that power supply is regulated and has adequate current

delivering capacity. See the Quick reference guide section of this manual to confirm the power supply requirements you

require for the product you are using.

Step 2 - Power Up Radios

Apply DC power to the radios. The radio will begin a boot up process. This process can take up to 2 minutes (during this time

frame, the ‘Pwr’ LED will periodically flash GREEN, indicating that the boot up process is still in progress).

Once the boot up process has completed, the ‘Pwr’ LED should be solid GREEN. If there is no LED indication, re-check the DC

polarity and ensure that the DC voltage is between operating voltages.

If these checks are correct they you may need to inspect the internal fuse. Consult the maintenance section of this manual

for further information on fuse replacement.

92 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 12-16

Step 3 - Setup for Radio Configuration

IP Address and Factory Default